Biotechnology Books

Book SynopsisAlthough microbes are small in size, they possess intricate structures at the molecular level. The book Molecular Biology and Biotechnology provides an extensive range of laboratory protocols and practical techniques that are essential for both research and teaching purposes. This text is divided into 370 pages, comprising of 36 chapters, followed by a detailed glossary. It serves as a valuable resource for microbiology researchers, teachers, and students alike.

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Book SynopsisThe book entitled Rejuvenation in Fruit Trees (Tropical and Subtropical) is an up-to-date and informative publication that covers all vital aspects of rejuvenation technology in perennial fruit trees. This comprehensive resource provides readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to adopt this technology in high-value fruit crops of woody perennial nature within the tropical and subtropical groups. The book discusses the concept of rejuvenation, including its present trend and constraints, as well as its need, adoption level, and successful implementation through proper cultural practices and management strategies. The objective of the book is to increase production, productivity, and profitability of fruit crops on a sustainable basis. Additionally, the book includes information on the requisite needs and requirements, as well as a critical perspective that fosters a better understanding of the R&D issues involved. This book will be of immense utility to students of Agriculture/Horticulture at B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. levels, academic experts, researchers, scientists, administrators, policy-makers, farmers, exporters, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders in the fruit production enterprise.

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Book SynopsisRadio Tracer Techniques for Agriculturists and Biologists is a book that explores the fundamental principles and concepts of radio tracer techniques. It also covers the application of these techniques in agriculture and biological sciences, as well as the necessary instrumentation and laboratory setup. Additionally, the book emphasizes the importance of safety measures when working with radioactive substances. This book serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in radio tracers.

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Book SynopsisMicroorganisms are ubiquitous and indispensable for the existence of mankind. They show diversity in size, shape, metabolism and the range of positive functions they perform for sustaining the life on this planet. Bacteria have been exploited by the mankind since times immemorial for the production of various foods and enzymes. They reveal several types of metabolic reactions which are absent in eukaryotic organisms. The present book highlights the potential of microorganisms in solving the global energy crisis. Presently, the world is facing energy crisis due to depleting fossil fuels which are expected to get exhausted during the next 50 yeaOne of the alternative energy resources for the new millennium is expected to be the renewable energy including biomass from which a variety of biofuels can be obtained by the exploitation of microbes. This volume has been organized in 13 s which have been prepared to provide the readers with both an in-depth study and a broad perspective of microorganisms for sustainability of mankind. Further, it makes the readers familiar with the diversity in energy generating pathways among different groups of microorganisms and different types of biomass energy resources available on this planet and the various possibilities which can be exploited for converting these in to alternate energy sources with the help of microbes. A great effort has been made to provide the readers a comprehensive knowledge about different alternative fuels and value added products from microbes for the 21st century. It is hoped that this volume will prove useful to the students and professionals who are pursuing their career in Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Environmental sciences and Energy studies related to the alternate biofuels to solve the global energy crisis.Table of Contents1. Introduction and Fundamentals 2. Microbial Applications 3. Microbes and Their Commercial Use 4. Microbes and Recycling 5. Microbes and Alternative Energy 6. Bacteria and Energy 7. Microbes and Biomass Energy 8. Microbes and Fuel Development 9. Microbes and Hydrogen as Fuel 10. Microbes and Development of Biogas and Electricity 11. Generating and developing microbes and patenting them.

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Book SynopsisThe book entitled Radio Tracer Techniques for Agriculturists and Biologist narrates the fundamentals and principles behind radio tracer techniques. Its application in agriculture and biological sciences and also the instrumentation and laboratory set up with safety aspects required to be followed while working with radio active substances. This is a comprehensive collection useful to all concerned with radio tracers.Table of Contents1. Structure of the Atom 2. Isotopes and Radioisotopes 3. Radioactivity 4. Isotopes as Tracer 5. Carbon-14 dating 6. Radioactive Nuclides 7. Dosimetry 8. Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity 9. Difficulties and their correction in Radio Tracer Assay 10. Application of Radioisotopes in Different Fields 11. Laboratory Manual

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology: laboratory manual provides basic protocols required for students of undergraduate and postgraduate programme. The protocols are explained in a simplified manner and are very easy to conduct. The book is a collection of experiments from all fields of biotechnology and will become a companion for all those who do research in the field of biotechnology. Attention is given to include most of the basic protocols. This book will provide first hand valuable information for all those who are interested in biotechnology research.Table of ContentsSection I - Units of measurements: 01. Different units used in measurements 02. Solution preparation Section II - Biotechnology laboratory: 03. General precautions and requirements 04. Equipments 05. Principles of some common instruments Section III - Biochemistry: 06. Biochemical preparations 07. Biochemical estimations 08. Biochemical separations Section IV - Enzymes: 09. Enzymes 10. Enzyme assays 11. Enzyme extraction Section V - Microbiology: 12. General microbiology 13. Media preparation Section VI - Plant biotechnology: 14. Plant tissue culture 15. Plant molecular biology Section VII - Animal biotechnology: 16. General requirements and experiments in animal biotechnology 17. Animal cell culture 18. Embryonic stem ES cells Section VIII - Molecular biology: 19. General molecular biology procedures

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Book SynopsisThe field of plant biochemistry is of great significance in the agricultural sciences, and it is essential to have a solid understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the synthesis of various plant components. This knowledge is crucial for advancements in other areas of agriculture such as plant breeding, plant protection, and plant production. In recent times, biotechnology and biochemistry have been working together to address various problems faced by humans and other living beings. This book is specifically designed to provide valuable information to graduate and post-graduate students in agriculture and biology. Additionally, it will serve as a useful reference book for researchers in plant breeding, agronomy, plant physiology, and plant protection. This book will be instrumental in solving many global problems faced by present and future generations.

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Book SynopsisIn addition to the issues constituting the basis of microbial biotechnology, such as microorganisms culturing or their use in industry and environmental protection, the book includes modern analytical techniques known as "omics", as well as digital techniques used to record adverse changes in the environment those resulting from the harmful activity of bacteria and fungi. A color atlas (Chapter 8) with photos of the fungi discussed in each chapter was also included. The book was prepared with the use of many years of scientific and didactic experience of the authors who conduct classes in various fields and specializations of natural sciences. This resulted in the interdisciplinary nature of the publication. It will be useful not only for PhD students and students of biotechnology and microbiology, but also environmental protection, ecological biotechnology, urban revitalization, as well as all those interested in applying the latest achievements of these areas of science in practice.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and evaluates animal biotechnology and its application in veterinary medicine and pharmaceuticals as well as improvement in animal food production. Transgenic technologies are used for improving milk production and the meat in farm animals as well as for creating models of human diseases. Transgenic animals are used for the production of proteins for human medical use. Biotechnology is applied to facilitate xenotransplantation from animals to humans. Genetic engineering is done in farm animals and nuclear transfer technology has become an important and preferred method for cloning animals. Biotechnology has potential applications in the management of several animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, avian flue and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The most important biotechnology based products consist of vaccines, particularly genetically engineered or DNA vaccines. Gene therapy for diseases of pet animals is a fast developing area because many of the technologies used in clinical trials humans were developed in animals and many of the diseases of cats and dogs are similar to those in humans. RNA interference technology is now being applied for research in veterinary medicine. Molecular diagnosis is assuming an important place in veterinary practice. Polymerase chain reaction and its modifications are considered to be important. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also widely used. Newer biochip-based technologies and biosensors are also finding their way in veterinary diagnostics. This book is an attempt to unravel the mysteries of biotechnology as it affects animal health and production."Table of Contents1. Introduction to biotechnology 2. Biotechnology in animal production 3. Role of biotechnology in animal health 4. Modern biotechnology issues 5. Information sources and requirements for a biotechnology laboratory 6. Present status and future prospects of biotechnology in animal health and production 7. Biotechnology research in India. 08. Techniques used in a biotechnology laboratory

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Book SynopsisThe book is subdivided into seven sections this encompass: general procedures, like methods of pipetting, solution preparation, buffers and principles of common analytical instruments essential for laboratory biotechnology experiments. The book also includes working with nucleic acid, bacteria, enzymes, proteins; cloning experiments and a few protocols on plant biotechnology. Emphasis have been given on DNA/RNA isolation from various sources, use of restriction enzymes, ligation techniques, cloning protocols, screening of transformed cells, various electrophoresis techniques, PCR protocol, etc. The appendices in the last part are included to provide information important to he study of the above-mentioned practical as a whole. The book will be useful to students belonging to Biotechnology, agriculture and allied fields. The idea behind this practical manual was thus to provide theoretical basis of the practical study items to be undertaken in the laboratory in a lucid manner.Table of Contents01. General procedures. 02. Nucleic acids and E.coli. 03. Enzymes. 04. Cloning. 05. DNA/RNA separation. 06. Proteins. 07. Plant biotechnology.

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Book SynopsisEx. Consultant (Statistics), College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra Tripura West, Ex. Computer Specialist, SAARC Agricultural Information Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Ex Pr. Head, Social Science, CIFA, ICAR, Bhubaneswar, Ex Co-ordinator, Bioinformatics Centre, CIFA, ICAR, Bhubaneswar, All the 42 book s constitute the following focus areas like Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology, Expert System Neural Network, Applied Technologies, Database, Modeling, Analytics and Business Intelligence Software, IPR & Social Issues. s on Emerging digital technologies, Information and communication Technology Tools, skill and technologies for 21st century Education, Big data, Business intelligence softwares, GIS, IPR and Knowledge/Patenting/Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge Management (KM) challenges are also included in the book. The book is divided into 5 broad sections covering the whole gamut of emerging technologies in the fields: 01. Biotechnology, 02. Nanotechnology, 03. Expert System Neural Network, 04. Applied Technologies, 05. Database, Modeling, Analytics and Business Intelligence Software, It is expected that the book will be very much useful because with the emergence of new technologies and application through software tools are becoming very important in the 21st Century society.Table of ContentsSection 1: Biotechnology, Section 2: Nanotechnology, Section 3: Expert System Neural Network, Section 4: Applied Technologies, Section 5: Database, Modeling, Analytics and Business Intelligence Software, Section 6: IPR & Social Issues

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and summarizes the new thoughts, new methods and new achievements that have emerged in the biotechnology of lignocellulose in recent years. It proposes new concepts including the primary refining, fractionation, multi-level utilization and selective structural separation of lignocellulose, etc. By approaching lignocellulose as a multi-level resource, biotechnology could have a significant effect on ecological agriculture, bio-energy, the chemical and paper making industries, etc., ultimately establishing distinctive eco-industrial parks for lignocellulose. Additionally, this book provides systematic research methods for the biotechnology of lignocellulose including investigation methods for the primary refining of lignocellulose, for microbial degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis, for cellulose fermentation and for lignocellulose conversion processes. It offers an excellent reference work and guide for scientists engaging in research on lignocellulose. Dr. Hongzhang Chen is a Professor at the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.Table of ContentsBrief Introduction to the Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Chemical Composition and Structure of Natural Lignocellulose.- Biological Fundamentals for Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Pretreatment and Primary Refining of Lignocelluloses.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Ecological Agriculture.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Bioenergy.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Chemical Industry.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Chemical Industry.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Other Industries.- Ecological Industry Model for Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Research Methods for the Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to artificial hearts, summarizing the latest advances in basic technologies, design, evaluation, and management. Featuring 11 chapters, it discusses the origins of the artificial heart, the mechanisms of heart failure, and the principles of artificial heart technologies. Further, it offers an overview of rotary pumps and volume-displacement pumps, and addresses total artificial hearts. Lastly, the book covers evaluation, selection, therapy management, challenges, and the latest innovations. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for researchers and technicians in the area of biomedical engineering, as well as surgeons. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Evolution of Artificial Heart Technology.- Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Heart Failure.- Chapter 3. Basis of Artificial Heart Technologies.- Chapter 4. Artificial Heart: Rotary Pump.- Chapter 5. Artificial Heart: Volume-Displacement Pump.- Chapter 6. Total Artificial Heart.- Chapter 7. Evaluation of Artificial Hearts.- Chapter 8. Selection of Artificial Heart Devices.- Chapter 9. Therapy Management of VADs.- Chapter 10. Challenges of Artificial Heart Devices.- Chapter 11. A Primary Study for Biocompatible Ventricular Assist Devices.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of carotenoid biosynthesis by different organisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, arthropods, and plants. Carotenoids are thought to provide health benefits in areas such as cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, NAFLD, NASH, obesity, age-related functional decline, and as a result, they have received an increasing amount of attention.With contributions from leading experts in biology, biotechnology, and chemistry of carotenoid research, this volume discusses the biological functions of carotenoids such as astaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and fucoxanthin, in addition to paprika carotenoids, capsanthin, and capsorubin. It also reveals the technologies behind the commercial production of some functional carotenoids.The book is targeted for academic and industrial readers in biology, biotechnology, nutrient physiology and related fields.Table of Contents​

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Book SynopsisThis book cover all types of microbe based polymers and their application in diverse sectors with special emphasis on agriculture. It collates latest research, methods, opinion, perspectives, and reviews dissecting the microbial origins of polymers, their production, design, and processing at industrial level, as well as improvements for specific industrial applications. Book also discusses recent advances in biopolymer production and their modification for amplifying the value. In addition, understanding of the microbial physiology and optimal conditions for polymer production are also explained. This compilation of scientific chapters on principles and practices of microbial polymers fosters the knowledge transfer among scientific communities, industries, and microbiologist and serves students, academicians, researchers for a better understanding of the nature of microbial polymers and application procedure for sustainable ecosystemTable of ContentsChapter 1. The production and applications of microbial derived polyhydroxy butyrates.- Chapter 2. Fungal exopolysaccharides: types, production and application.- Chapter 3. Isolation and purification of microbial exopolysaccharides and their industrial applications.- Chapter 4. A review on properties and application of xanthan gum.- Chapter 5. Biosynthesis and characterization of poly-(3)-hydroxyalkanoic acid by Bacillus megaterium SF4 using different carbohydrates.- Chapter 6. Mushroom mycelia-based material: an environmental friendly alternative to synthetic packaging.- Chapter 7. An overview of microbial derived polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB): production and characterization.- Chapter 8. Insight of Biopolymers and applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates.- Chapter 9. Microbial pigments and their application.- Chapter 10. Extracellular polymeric substances from agriculturally important microorganisms.- Chapter 11. Significance of bacterial polyhydroxy alkanoates in rhizosphere.- Chapter 12. Role of microbial biofilms in agriculture: perspectives on plant and soil health.- Chapter 13. Biological soil crusts to keep soil alive, rehabilitate degraded soil, and develop soil habitats.- Chapter 14. Fungal chitosan :the importance and beneficiation of this biopolymer in industrial and agriculture process.- Chapter 15. Role of microbial extracellular polymeric substances in soil fertility.- Chapter 16. Microbes derived exopolysaccharides play role in salt stress alleviation in plants.- Chapter 17. Microbial exopolysaccharides: structure and therapeutic properties.- Chapter 18. Microbial biopolymers: pharmaceutical, medical & biotechnological applications.- Chapter 19. Mycobacterium Biofilms synthesis, ultra structure and their perspectives in drug tolerance, environment and medicine.- Chapter 20. A comprehensive review on different microbial derived pigments and their multipurpose activities.- Chapter 21. Microbial polysaccharides with potential industrial applications: diversity, synthesis and their applications.- Chapter 22. Eco friendly microbial biopolymers: recent development, biodegradation and applications.- Chapter 23. Microbial biopolymers as an alternative construction binder.- Chapter 24. Genetic engineering approaches for high end application of biopolymers:Advances and future prospects.- Chapter 25. Microbial pigments: secondary metabolites with multifaceted roles.- Chapter 26. Bio-fermentative production of xanthan gum biopolymer and its application in petroleum sector.- Chapter 27. A comparative study on biodegradable packaging materials: current status and future prospects.- Chapter 28. Environmental implications of microbial bioplastics for a sustainable future.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all aspects of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites, as well as their role and significance in human and animal health. Given the role of probiotic bacterial strains in the production of short chain fatty acids, butyrate etc probiotics may be considered as an alternative approach for the prevention or treatment of intestinal dysbiosis, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, hypertensions. Additionally, the significance of probiotics added in aquaculture systems for improving health, performance and growth of aquatic organisms has been highlighted. In this book, the multi-functional role of probiotics and their post-biotic metabolites in improving overall health status of man and animals, is discussed. It is a comprehensive compilation useful for researchers, academics, veterinarians and students in the field of microbiology, food technology and biotechnology.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Bacillus spp. In Aquaculture mechanisms and Applications: An Update View.- Chapter 2. Immunity and Gut Microbiome: role of Probiotics and Prebiotics.- Chapter 3. Preventive Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Food Allergy: potentials and promises.- Chapter 4. An Overview of Dairy Probiotic Microflora.- Chapter 5. Remarkable Metabolic Versatility of the Commensal Bacteria Eubacterium hallii and Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, Potential Next Generation Probiotics.- Chapter 6. Anti-carcinogenic Potential of Probiotic, Postbiotic Metabolites and Paraprobiotics on Human Cancer Cells.- Chapter 7. Postbiotic Metabolites of Probiotic in Animal Health.- Chapter 8. Probiotics Application: Implication for Sustainable Aquaculture.- Chapter 9. Honeybees Gut as a Reservoir of Probiotic Bacteria.- Chapter 10. Role of Probiotic Bacteria on Bio-availability of Functional Ingredients Under Fermentation Process.- Chapter 11. Quality and Health Aspects of Dairy Foods Affected by Probiotic Microbes and Their Metabolites.- Chapter 12. Encountering the Antibiotic Resistance by Bioactive Components and Therapies: Probiotics, Phytochemicals and Phages.- Chapter 13. Probiotic Bacteria as a functional Delivery Vehicle for the Development of Live Oral Vaccines.- Chapter 14. Promising Aspects of Probiotics and Postbiotics Derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria as Pharma Foods.- Chapter 15. Non-Dairy Foods as Potential Carriers of Probiotic Bacteria and Postbiotics.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the nano-antioxidants and their potential therapeutic applications. The chapters start with basic information on free radicals and antioxidants, through natural antioxidants, mechanisms of their action, ending with the use of nano-antioxidants particularly its potential therapeutic applications. Nano-antioxidant therapy has a promising future that has to be explored. It is a bridge topic to connect the already existing literature with potential therapeutic highlights. This book is designated for students and researchers interested in Biochemistry, Chemistry, Physics, Food Science and nutrition, Pharmaceutical Science and Medicine. It would also be interesting to global audiences from human and animal nutrition to food preservation and packaging. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Free Radicals versus Antioxidants.- Chapter 2. Chemistry of Natural Super-antioxidants.- Chapter 3. Nano-Antioxidants.- Chapter 4. Mechanism of Antioxidant Activity.- 5. Quantification of Antioxidants.

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Book SynopsisThis contributed volume brings together an inclusive collection of information about the medicinal crop fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants important in the management of diabetes and contributes greatly in the alternative systems of medicine. These beneficial properties of fenugreek are covered in here. Further, this book explores the agronomy, biotechnology, genomics and biochemistry aspects of the crop. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, agronomists and biochemists. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for graduate students of agriculture and pharmacology. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.Table of ContentsPart 1. Agricultural procedures for the cultivation and production of fenugreek.- Chapter 01. Historical Background, Origin, Distribution and Economic Importance of Fenugreek.- Chapter 02. Fenugreek Cultivation in The Middle East and Other Parts of The World With Emphasis on Use of Active Gradients in Traditional Medicine & and Modern Pharmaceutical Science.- Chapter 03. Employing Modern Technologies in the Cultivation and Production of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).- Chapter 04. The Role of Agricultural Practices on Quality Characteristics of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as a Medicinal and Aromatic Plant.- Chapter 05. Agronomic Practices in Fenugreek.- Chapter 06. Exogenously-Applied Gibberellic Acid Alleviates Morphological and Physiological Attributes in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) Under Salt Stress.- Chapter 07. Various Diseases Incidence on Fenugreek Crops and Their Management Strategies.- Chapter 08. Various Mitigation Approaches Applied to Confer Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) – A Review.- Part 2. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Properties and Active Compounds of Fenugreek.- Chapter 09. Extraction, Detection and Characterization of Various Chemical Components of Trigonella Foenum-graceum L. (Fenugreek) Known as a Valuable Seed in Agriculture.- Chapter 10. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses.- Chapter 11. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): The magical Healing of human Health Hazards.- Part 3. Physiological, Biotechnological and Molecular Responses of Fenugreek.- Chapter 12. Nodulation Process, Nitrogen Fixation and Diversity of Fenugreek Rhizobia.- Chapter 13. Diversity of Trigonella foenum graecum Microsymbionts in Morocco.- Chapter 14. Impact of Various Environmental Stress Factors on Productivity, Quality and Secondary Metabolites of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).- Chapter 15. Heavy Metals Induced Stress and Metabolic Responses in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum L) Plants.- Chapter 16. Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches of Fenugreek.- Part 4. Medicinal and Clinical Approaches of Fenugreek.- Chapter 17. Medicinal Properties of Hulba (Fenugreek) in Unani System of Medicine.- Chapter 18. Fenugreek- A Wonder Spice with Versatile Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Applications.- Chapter 19. Trigonella foenum-graecum and its Bioactive Compounds having Potential Antidiabetic Activity.- Chapter 20. Evaluating the Chemopreventive Properties of Aqueous Extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum Against p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB) Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice.- Chapter 21. Therapeutic Uses and Applications of Fenugreek.- Chapter 22. Pharmacological Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive edited book on microbial prospective discusses the innovative approaches and investigation strategies, as well as provides a broad spectrum of the cutting-edge research on the processing, properties and technological developments of microbial products and their applications. Microbes finds very important applications in our lives including industries and food processing. They are widely used in the fermentation of beverages, processing of dairy products, production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, enzymes, proteins and biomaterials; conversion of biomass into fuel, fuel cell technology, health and environmental sectors. Some of these products are produced commercially, while others are potentially valuable in biotechnology. Microorganisms are considered invaluable in research as model organisms. This is a useful compilation for students and researchers in microbiology, biotechnology and chemical industries.Table of ContentsChapter 1.Impact of isotropic and anisotropic plasmonic metal nanoparticles on healthcare and food-safety management.- Chapter 2. An introduction to different methods of nanoparticles synthesis.- Chapter 3. Classification, Synthesis, and Application of Nanoparticles against Infectious Diseases.- Chapter 4. Nanotechnology in Food Science.- Chapter 5. Facets of Nanotechnology in food processing, packaging and safety: an emerald insight.- Chapter 6. Nanotechnology and its potential application in postharvest technology.- Chapter 7. Nanotechnology mediated detection and control of phytopathogens.- Chapter 8. Nanosystems for Cancer Therapy.- Chapter 9. Phytoplankton mediated nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Chapter 10. Nanotechnology and its potential implications in Ovary Cancer.- Chapter 11. Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Protein Aggregation and Cancer Therapeutics.- Chapter 12. Bio-nano interface and its potential application in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 13. Potential of curcumin nanoparticles in tuberculosis management.- Chapter 14. Application of Nanobiosensor in Health care sector.- Chapter 15. Bioactive nanoparticles: A next generation smart nanomaterials for pollution abatement and ecological sustainability.- Chapter 16. Smart nano-materials for bio-imaging applications:An overview.- Chapter 17. Biology of Earthworm in a World of Nano-materials: New Room, Challenges and, Future Perspectives.- Chapter 18. Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes with the aid of nanotechnology.- Chapter 19. Nanotechnology for sustainable bioenergy production.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides up-to-date information on the prototypes used to develop medical devices and explains the principles of biosensing and theranostics. It also discusses the development of biosensor and application-orientated design of medical devices. In addition to summarizing the clinical validation of the developed techniques and devices and the regulatory steps involved in their commercialization, the book highlights the latest research and translational technologies toward the development of point-of-care devices in the health care. Lastly, it explores the current opportunities, challenges and provides troubleshooting on the use of biosensors in precision medicine. The book is helpful for researchers and medical professionals working in the field of clinical theranostics, and medical-device development wanting to gain a better understanding into the principles and processes involved in the development of biosensors.Table of ContentsChapter 1_Biosensing: Material, methods and principle of detection.- Chapter 2_Biosensing applications in the development of medical devices.- Chapter 3_Theranostics: basic principles.- Chapter 4_Material and technique advancements in the development of theranostic products.- Chapter 5_Medical device development strategies.- Chapter 6_Research aspects for the development of medical devices.- Chapter 7_Biosensor-based commercialized point-of-care devices.- Chapter 8_Medical devices in clinical set up.- Chapter 9_Clinical validation of medical devices.- Chapter 10_Regulatory steps involved in the validation of medical devices.- Chapter 11_Protocol for registration process of point-of-care device at FDA or equivalent agencies.- Chapter 12_Opportunities and challenges in medical device development.- Chapter 13_Prospective journey of the research idea from laboratory to the user in the clinic.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the growing clinical and healthcare relevance of nano-therapeutics in treating respiratory diseases. It begins with a brief introduction on the different types of nanoparticles in respiratory disease conditions. It further discusses the current trends in understanding the disease pathology using different in vitro and in vivo models, which are important towards the onsite clinical applications and development of new therapeutics. The book includes exciting topics such as formulation of these nanoparticles, targeting various organelles etc. It also describes the future prospects and challenges in the field. Different chapters are written by researchers actively working in the area of pulmonary diseases. This book is designed to address the requirements of both beginners and specialized scientists involved in pulmonary research. The contents include basic concepts followed by advanced state-of-art monitoring and treatment of diseases. The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in nanotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences and drug design.Table of Contents1. Preface2. Introduction2.1. Nanotechnology and its influence2.2. Novel drug delivery systems2.3. Significance of nanomaterials in respiratory diseases3. Nanoparticles in chronic respiratory diseases3.1. Inflammatory respiratory diseases (Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, Cystic fibrosis)3.2. Formulation and role of microparticles, microspheres, microemulsions in respiratory diseases3.3. Formulation and role of polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles3.4. Liposomes, niosomes, and dendrimers targeting in respiratory diseases3.5. Micelle targeting in respiratory diseases4. Targeting immune-system/ cellular level (macrophages & neutrophils) in respiratory diseases using advanced drug delivery systems5. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system in respiratory diseases6. Advancement in translational respiratory research using nanotechnology7. Nanotechnology in pulmonary disease diagnosis8. Clinical trials using in vitro and in vivo models9. Targeting biofilms in respiratory diseases using novel drug delivery systems10. Future prospects and challenges11. Bibliography12. Glossary

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Book SynopsisThe book has 2 sections; Section A focuses on Environmental Sustainability and Green Technology and Section B covers Emerging Technologies in Environmental Biotechnology. The book introduces Environmental biotechnology as a tool to progress towards sustainable development goals and covers green technologies such as Bio-plastics, Third generation hybrid technology for algal biomass production, wastewater treatment and greenhouse gas mitigation, Green vaccination, Bio-fuels, Microbial enzymes, Bioelectrical systems, eco-friendly handmade paper production, nature based sanitation solutions, and greener ways to tackle air pollution along with the application of GIS to monitor & manage COVDI19 pandemic. The Section B covers emerging & innovative technologies such as vermifiltration, Small scale PVA gel based innovative solution for wastewater treatment, Cyclic technology based sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and role of Role of Bio-selectors in Performing Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in SBR’s. It holistically covers essential information on Enzymatic Biotransformation and Biopolymer based nanocomposites for dye waste treatment, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi assisted Bioremediation of heavy metals, Coir Retting and Duckweeds: The Tiny Creatures for Resolving the Major Environmental Issues. It is a promising book for researchers, academicians, teachers, students, industrial enterprises, policy makers, public health officials and general users. The book is closely aligned to curricula of post graduate courses in biotechnology, microbiology, environmental biotechnology and environmental science.Table of ContentsPart 1 Environmental Sustainability and Green Technology.- 1 The use of Environmental Biotechnology: A tool to progress towards sustainable development goals.- 2 Environment sustainability and role of biotechnology.- 3 Global Environmental Problems: A Nexus between Climate , Human Health and COVID 19 and Evolving Mitigation Strategies.- 4 Environment & Green Technology.- 5 Sustainable Technology: Foresight to Green Ecosystem.- 6 Green Technology for Bioplastics towards Sustainable Environment.- 7 Green Vaccination: Smart Plant Health Care for Human Welfare.- 8 Role of Emerging Green Technology in Remediation of Toxic Pollutants.- 9 Biofuel as a sustainable option to control environmental changes.- 10 Third generation hybrid technology for algal biomass production, wastewater treatment and greenhouse gas mitigation.- 11 Advances in Biological Nitrogen Removal.- 12 Application of Microbial enzymes: Biodegradation of paper and pulp waste.- 13 Microalgal Bioremediation: A Clean and Sustainable Approach for Controlling Environmental Pollution.- 14 Toxicological Impact of Azo Dye and their Microbial Degraded by-products on Flora and Fauna.- 15 Industrial Wastewater Treatment in Bio-electrochemical Systems.- 16 Novel Economic Method for Dynamic Non-Invasive Optical Monitoring of Turbidity.- 17 Exploring the Less Travelled Path of Ecofriendly Handmade Paper Production.- 18 Exploring the Niche: Real-Environment Demonstration and Evaluation of innovative Nature-Based-Sanitation Technologies in a Water scarce Community Context in India.- 19 Problems of increasing Air Pollution and Certain Management Strategies.- 20 Applications of Geographic Information Science and Technology to Monitor and Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic.- Part 2 Emerging Technologies in Environmental Biotechnology.- 21 Emerging Technologies in Environmental Biotechnology.- 22 Advanced and eco-friendly technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater to constrain environmental pollution.- 23 Vermifiltration technology as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment- Performance Evaluation, Applicability and Opportunities.- 24 Vermifiltration: A novel sustainable and innovative technology for waste water treatment.- 25 Small Scale Pva Gel Based Innovative Solution for Wastewater Treatment.- 26 Cyclic technology based sequencing batch reactors (SBR) treating municipal wastewater: Full scale experience.- 27 Biodegradation of Soapstock: as an Alternative Renewable Energy Resource and Reduce Environmental Pollution.- 28 Influence of nanomaterials in combined microbial fuel cell-electro-Fenton systems as a sustainable alternative for electricity generation and wastewater treatment.- 29 Role of Bio-Selectors in Performing Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Sequencing Batch Reactor Based Stps of India.- 30 Emerging technique of Enzymatic Biotransformation of Amides to Hydroxamic Acid for Pharmaceutical and Dye waste treatment.- 31 Biopolymer based nanocomposites for removal of hazardous dyes from water-bodies.- 32 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi assisted Bioremediation of Heavy metals– A Revaluation.- 33 Application of Biotechnology for Providing Alternative of Fossil Fuel to Protect Environment.- 34 Coir Retting: Process upgradation and Pollution abatement through Environmental Biotechnology.- 35 Cadmium toxicity in rice: tolerance mechanisms, and their management.- 36 Evaluation of Residual Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroids in the Environment.- 37 Sustainable sanitation as a tool to reduce land degradation.- 38 Duckweeds: The Tiny Creatures for Resolving the Major Environmental Issues.- 39 Influence of the electrical stimulation using IrO2-Ta2O5êTi and RuO2-Ta2O5ê Ti anodes in the edaphological properties for the germination and growth of Zea mays L.- 40 Recent Advances in Biotechnology for generating Yellow Mosaic Disease resistance in mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek).

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Book SynopsisThis book outlines comprehensive information on the global trends, policies, research priorities and frontier innovations made in the research domain of breeding, biotechnology, biofortification and quality enhancement of wheat and barley. With contributions by international group of leading wheat and barley researchers, this book offers data-based insights along with a holistic view of the subject and serve as a vital resource of information for scientists engaged in breeding future high-yielding biofortified varieties. It catalogs both conventional as well as modern tools for gene identification and genome editing interventions for enhancing the yield, grain quality, disease and pest resistance, nutrient-use efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance. The prospects of processing high quality wheat end-products with long term storage and high nutritional quality are also discussed. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, molecular breeders, cereal biochemists and biotechnologist, policymakers and professionals working in the area of wheat and barley research, food and cereal industry. Also, the book serves as an additional reading material for the undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture and food sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this book to be a useful read. Volume 2 of New Horizons in Wheat and Barley Research covers topics in crop protection and resource management. Table of ContentsPart 1 Global Trends and policy perspectives.- 1 Wheat and Barley Production Trends and Research Priorities: A Global Perspective.- 2 Policy Analysis for Food System Approach to Food and Nutrition Security.- 3 Wheat in Asia – Trends, Challenges and Research Priorities.- 4 Accelerating varietal replacement in wheat through strengthening of seed systems.- 5 Status of Wheat Variety Protection in India: Implications and Future Directions.- 6 Barley Improvement: Current Status and Future Prospects in Changing Scenario.- 7 Modern Extension Tools and Approaches for Upscaling, Outscaling and Deepscaling Wheat and Barley Technologies.- Part 2 Frontiers in breeding and genetic gain.- 8 Integration of emerging genomic tools in wheat improvement.- 9 Breaking the Yield Barriers to Enhance Genetic Gains in Wheat.- 10 Tackling a Cereal Killer on the Run: Unending Fight between Wheat Breeding and Foliar Rusts.- 11 Wheat blast: A Bio-Security Threat Looming Large.- 12 Breeding wheat for powdery mildew resistance.- 13 Breeding for spot blotch resistance in wheat.- 14 Common bunt and smuts in wheat and barley-Genetics, breeding and management: Current.- 15 Breeding wheat for conservation agriculture (CA) in the era of climate change.- 16 Breeding for aphid resistance in wheat: Status and future prospects.- 17 Broadening genetic base of wheat for improving rust resistance.- 18 Genetic interventions to improve salt and micro element toxicity tolerance in wheat.- 19 Prospects of durum wheat in the realm of climate change.- 20 Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat: Physiological Interventions.- 21 Dicoccum wheat: Current status and future perspectives.- 22 Channelizing Novel Diversity Through Synthetics for Wheat Improvement.- 23 Genetic improvement of wheat and barley using transgenic approaches.- 24 Status and prospects of hybrid wheat: a brief update.- 25 Barley Genomic Research and Breeding Strategies.- Part 3 Advances in biofortification and quality enhancement.- 26 Advances in Malt and Food Quality Research of Barley.- 27 Mainstreaming grain zinc and iron concentration in CIMMYT Wheat breeding to accelerate rates of genetic gain for grain yield and zinc concentration.- 28 Physiochemical components of wheat grain quality and advances in their testing methods.- 29 Molecular, biotechnological and omics-based interventions for improving wheat grain quality: Advances and way forward.- 30 Interventions in wheat processing quality of end products.- 31 Effect of long-term storage on wheat nutritional and processing quality.- 32 Uniqueness of Sharbati and Indian Durum Wheat –Prospects for International Trade.

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Book SynopsisThis book illustrates the influence of biomimetics in the field of tissue engineering and drug delivery. These two distinct fields of regenerative medicine have greatly benefited from the concept of biomimetics, which focuses on using or imitating nature to develop materials for improving human lives. The book begins by highlighting the relevance and recent advances in biomimetic biomaterials. An updated and innovative content has been presented in terms of biomimetic systems that are being utilized in controlled delivery and stem cell therapy. Further, the book reviews the role of these materials in enhanced capacity for drug loading, cellular uptake, and controlled release within the target cells. The book includes advanced techniques for characterizing biomimetic biomaterials and highlights their pivotal role in providing three-dimensional templates and synthetic extracellular matrices. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Biomimetics in Biomaterials. – Chapter 1.1. Biomaterials and their need. –Module 1.2. Introduction to Biomimetics. – Chapter 1.3. The need for biomimetic biomaterials. – Chapter 1.4. Most recent advances in the field of biomimetic biomaterials. – Chapter 1.5. Limitations and Future. –Chapter 2_Biomimetics in Tissue engineering. – Chapter 2.1. Tissue engineering. – Chapter 2.2. Biomimetics approach in tissue engineering. – Chapter 2.3. Hydrogels as biomimetic structures. – Chapter 2.4. 3D scaffolds as biomimetic biomaterials. – Chapter 3_Biomimetics in Drug delivery. . – Chapter 3.1. Drug delivery systems. – Chapter 3.2. Biomimetic drug delivery carriers. – Chapter 3.3. Nanomaterials as biomimetic drug delivery systems. – Chapter 3.4. Macrosystems as biomimetic drug depots. – Chapter 4_ Biomineralization as a biomimetics tool. – Chapter 4.1. Biomineralization. – Chapter 4.2. Relevance of Biomineralization as biomimetic matrices. – Chapter 4.3. Methods of introducing mineralization on biomimetic matrices. – Chapter 4.4. Techniques to characterize mineralized biomimetic biomaterials. – Chapter 5_Advanced Techniques to unravel biomimetic biomaterials.

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Book SynopsisThis book is immensely useful for graduate students as well as researchers to understand the basics of molecular biology and Recombinant DNA Technology. It provides a comprehensive overview of different approaches for the synthesis of recombinant proteins from E. coli including their cloning, expression and purification. Recent advances in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have facilitated the use of Recombinant DNA Technology for evaluating the biophysical and biochemical properties of various proteins. The book starts with an introductory chapter on gene cloning, protein expression and purification and its implication in current research and commercial applications. Each chapter provides a lucid set of principles, tools and techniques for both students and instructors. The protocols described have been aptly exemplified, and troubleshooting techniques have been included to aid better understanding. Moreover, the set of questions at the end of each chapter have been particularly formulated to help effective learning.Table of ContentsModule 1_Introduction.- Chapter 1. History of recombinant DNA technology.- Chapter 2. Overview of technology.- Chapter 3. It’s impact on research.- Module 2_Cloning basics.- Chapter 3. c-DNA library.- Chapter 4. PCR amplification.- Chapter 5. Restriction Digestion.- Chapter 6. Ligation.- Chapter 7. Colony screening.- Chapter 8. Transformation.- Chapter 9. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 10. Problems.- Module 3_Choice of vectors (expression and cloning).- Chapter 11. Different types of vectors.- Chapter 12. Promoters.- Chapter 13. Antibiotic selection.- Chapter 14. Sequence confirmation.- Chapter 15. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 16. Problems.- Module 4_Transformation and protein expression.- Chapter 17. Competent cell preparation.- Chapter 18. Transformation methods.- Chapter 19. Different bacterial strains (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces).- Chapter 20. Optimizing protein expression (different inducers, temperature, concentration of inducers).- Chapter 21. Expression in insect cells.- Chapter 22. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 23. Problem. Module 5_Protein purification.- Chapter 24. Lysis and extraction.- Chapter 25. Checking solubility and designing purification strategies.- Chapter 26. Databases and tools to determine physico-chemical properties of protein.- Chapter 27. Salting out and salting in methods.- Chapter 28. Dealing with proteins in inclusion bodies.- Chapter 29. Choice of buffer and dialysis.- Chapter 30. Overview of chromatography.- Chapter 31. Choice of chromatographic techniques with specific examples.- Chapter 32. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 33. Problems.- Module 6_Affinity chromatography.- Chapter 34. Overview.- Chapter 35. His6.- Chapter 36. Cobalt.- Chapter 37. Streptavidin.- Chapter 38. MBP.- Chapter 39. GST.- Chapter 40. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 41. Problems.- Module 7_Ion exchange chromatography.- Chapter 42. Overview.- Chapter 43. Cation exchange.- Chapter 44. Anion exchange.- Chapter 45. Choice of different combination of chromatographic techniques with examples.- Chapter 46. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 47. Problems.- Module 8_Gel filtration chromatography.- Chapter 48. Overview.- Chapter 49. Different columns.- Chapter 50. HPLC.- Chapter 51. FPLC.- Chapter 52. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 53. Problems.- Module 9_Purification of difficult proteins.- Chapter 54. Insoluble protein purification.- Chapter 55. Toxic protein purification.- Chapter 56. Membrane protein purification.- Chapter 57. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 58. Problems .- Module 10_Quantitation and characterization.- Chapter 59. Need for protein quantitation.- Chapter 60. Different methods (Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA), Bradford, Folin-Lowry, Kjeldahl, UV absorption).- Chapter 61. Calculation of protein concentration.- Chapter 62. Purity calculation.- Chapter 63. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 64. Problems. Module 11_Characterizing recombinant proteins.- Chapter 65. Secondary structure (CD).- Chapter 66. Tertiary structure (CD, fluorescence).- Chapter 67. Functional studies (protease, kinase, phosphatase etc).- Chapter 68. Preliminary Biochemical assays.- Chapter 69. Trouble-shooting.- Chapter 70. Problems.

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Book SynopsisIndustrial microbiology utilizes microorganisms to produce industrially important products in a more sustainable way, as opposed to the traditional chemical and energy intensive processes. The present book is an attempt to provide its readers with compiled and updated information in the area of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. This book provides the basics of microbiology and how it has been exploited at an industrial scale. The book focuses on the role of biotechnological advances that directly impact the industrial production of several bioactive compounds using microbes-based methods under a controlled and regulated environment. On one hand, this book presents detailed information on the basics of microbiology such as types of microbes and their applications, bioreactor design, fermentation techniques, strain improvement strategies, etc. At the same time it also provides recent and updated information on industrial production, recovery, and applications of enzymes, alcohols, organic acids, steroids as a drug precursor, etc., using microbial biotechnological approaches. The book presents an overview of modern technological advances for the generation of energy (biomethane, bioethanol, and bioelectricity) and resource recovery from waste. It also highlights the application of CRISPR-based technologies in the industrial microbiology sector. This book is developed with the motive to benefit students, academicians, as well as researchers. The book will also find interests among microbiologists, biotechnologists, environmentalists, and engineers working in the application of the microbes-based approach for the development of greener technologies. Table of Contents1 Understanding the small world: The Microbes.- 2 Bacteria and their industrial importance.- 3 Industrial perspectives of fungi.- 4 Microbial fermentation: basic fundamentals and its dynamic prospect in various industrial applications.- 5 Fermenter Design.- 6 Strain improvement of microbes.- 7 Enzyme Kinetics: a plethora of information.- 8 Asparaginase: Production, harvest, recovery and potential industrial application.- 9 Laccases: production, harvest, recovery, and potential industrial application.- 10 Pectinases: Production, harvest, recovery, and potential industrial application.- 11 Production of malt-based beverages.- 12 Biotransformation of industrially important steroid drug precursors.- 13 Value addition to chemical compounds through biotransformation.- 14 Fermentation Strategies for Organic Acid Production.- 15 Biological Production of Succinic Acid: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.- 16 Biomass, Bioenergy, and Biofuels.- 17 Biomethanation: Advancements for Upgrading Biomethane in Biogas Technologies.- 18 Microbial Bioelectricity Generation & Product Electrosynthesis.- 19 Microbial assisted systems for lignin-based product generation.- 20 Bioremediation Technology : A cumulative study of Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals, aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide and polyacrylamide.- 21 Microbes and their application in the food and agriculture industry.- 22 Microbes in resource and nutrient recovery via wastewater treatment.- 23 Potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in the fields of industrial biotechnology-strategies, challenges, and applications.- 24 Animal cell culture: Basics and applications.

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Book SynopsisThe book discusses up-to-date and detailed information about the nutritional quality of forage in the biodiversity-rich Himalayan region and their potential in livestock feeding.• Provides a comprehensive discussion on the prospects of Himalayan forages.• Collates findings and data based on more than two decades of research on nutritional quality of different temperate grasses, fodder trees, legumes and non-conventional forage resources.• Includes information on different forage resources, nutritional quality of forages, niche based nutritive forage species, varietal improvement of different species for nutritionally rich forages, non-conventional forages and modern biotechnological intervention for quality improvement of forages.• Offers a valuable resource of information on forages for researchers and policymakers• Include information oriented toward livestock feeding, influencing their health, production and productivity affecting economic status of farmers.• Presents exhaustive information on forage species along with pictorial presentations. The target audience will be researchers and scientists in public and private institutions (e.g. government, academia, dairy industry), policy planners, animal nutritionists and students. The monograph is relevant for the readers interested in understanding forage quality for livestock feeding and suggest models for quality improvement of forages worldwide, in similar topographies. It is also relevant to the researchers studying forage improvement and biofortification for nutritional enhancement for improving livestock health and productivityTable of Contents1. Overview of forage quality and livestock production 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Forage quality 1.3. Influence of forage quality on livestock health and productivity 1.4. Forage production and Livestock productivity Inter linkage 1.5. Biodiversity in forages of Himalayan region 1.6. Nutritional diversity in forages 1.7. Regional imbalances in forage availability and nutrition 1.7.1. Scenario of demand and supply status of forages 1.8. Insight of livestock production and productivity 1.8.1. National perspective 1.8.2. Himalayan perspective 2. Impact of forage availability on livestock rearing and socio- economic aspects 2.1. Livestock rearing- An indispensable component of hill Agriculture 2.2. Importance of livestock production on rural economy of Himalayan region 2.2.1. Contribution of livestock to National and Regional economy 2.2.2. Socio-economic status of farmers depending on livestock based agriculture 2.3. Constraints in achieving optimal livestock productivity 2.4. Conventional practices of livestock feeding 2.5. Effect of nutritionally compromised forages on livestock productivity 2.6. Scope of improving animal productivity with nutritional species 3. Forage resources and productivity in Himalayan region 3.1. Forage grasses 3.2. Forage legumes 3.3. Cereal forages 3.4. Range forages 3.5. Fodder trees and shrubs of Himalayan region 3.6. Crop residues 3.7. Grasslands, pastures and Rangelands of Himalayan region 3.7.1.Grasslands and pasture of North-western Himalayan region 3.7.2.Grasslands and pasture of Eastern Himalayas 3.7.3.Rangelands 3.7.4. Other important feed resources in Himalayan region 3.8. Production and productivity of forages in Himalayan region 3.8.1. Forage resources and their productivity in N-W Himalayas 3.8.1.1.Major forage resources and their productivity in Himachal Pradesh 3.8.1.2. Major forage resources and their productivity in Uttarakhand 3.8.1.3. Major forage resources and their productivity in Jammu & Kashmir 3.8.2. Forage resources and their productivity in Eastern Himalayas 3.9. Grazing patterns and maintenance of grasslands and pasture in Himalayan region 3.10. Multiple cropping systems influencing forage nutritional value 4. Constraints in fodder production in Himalayan region 4.1. Land scarcity 4.2. Topographic constraints 4.3. Harsh environmental conditions 4.4. Climate change 4.5. Increasing population of unproductiveanimals 4.6. Uncontrolled grazing 4.7. Lack of management and conservation practices 4.8. Lack of improved varieties 4.9. Lack of knowledge of non-conventional fodder 4.10. Poor credit and marketing facilities 5. Factors influencing forage nutritional quality 5.1. Plant factors affecting forage quality 5.1.1. Stage of maturity 5.1.2. Anti-quality factors 5.1.3. Species difference 5.1.4. Soil fertility/fertilizer application 5.1.5. Plant composition 5.1.6. Variety (cultivar) 5.1.7. Plant morphology 5.2. Animal factors 5.2.1. Palatability 5.2.2. Intake 5.2.3. Digestibility 5.3. Environmental factors 5.3.1. Water stress 5.3.2. Temperature 5.3.3. Solar radiation 5.3.4. Photoperiod 5.3.5. Shading 5.3.6. Altitude 5.4. Effect of seasonal dynamics on nutritional quality of forages 5.4.1. Seasonal dynamics in nutritional quality of forage grasses and legumes 5.4.2. Seasonal dynamics in nutritional quality of forage trees 5.5. Effect of foliar diseases and insect-pests on quality of forages 5.6. Changes in forage quality during harvest and storage 5.6.1. Respirational losses during harvest 5.6.1.1. Dry matter and nutrient losses 5.6.2. Mechanical losses 5.6.2.1. Losses during Mowing and Conditioning 5.6.2.2. Losses during Raking 5.6.2.3. Losses due to Baling and chopping 5.6.3. Changes in forage quality during storage 5.6.3.1. Quality loss during inside storage 5.6.3.2. Quality loss during outside storage 6. Forage genetic resources (FGR) of region 6.1. An introduction - Forage genetic resources 6.2. Role of Forage Plant Genetic Resource conservation 6.3. Forage germplasm conservation and evaluation 6.3.1. Breeding for nutritional quality enhancement of forage crops 6.3.2. Varietal development with nutritional attributes 6.3.3. Research studies to evaluate forage germplasm 6.4. Breeding for nutritional quality enhancement of forage crops 6.5. Varietal development with nutritional attributes 7. Forage production and quality improvement 7.1. Forage research: National and Regional scenario 7.2. Nutritional quality enhancement of forage crops 7.3. Conventional breeding approaches 7.4. Breeding strategies for forage crop improvement 7.4.1. Plant introduction 7.4.2. Plant Selection 7.4.3. Polycrossing 7.4.4.Development of synthetic varieties in forage crops 7.4.5. Mutation breeding 7.4.6. Apomixis 7.4.6. Wide hybridization 7.4.7.1. Festuca-Lolium complex 7.4.7.2. Bajra-Napier hybrids 7.4.7.3. Lolium-Dactylis hubridization 7.4.7.4. Trifolium interspecific hybridization 7.5. Implication of modern strategies in development of improved forage crop varieties 7.5.1. Embryo rescue 7.5.2. Callus culture 7.5.3. Meristem culture 8. Nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents in forages 8.1. Nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents of forages and their importance in animal nutrition 8.1.1. Nutritional constituents 8.1.1.1. Dry matter 8.1.1.2. Crude protein 8.1.1.3. Amino acids composition and protein quality 8.1.1.4. Crude fiber 8.1.1.5. Crude fat 8.1.1.6. Fatty acids 8.1.1.7. Ash 8.1.1.8. Nitrogen free extract (NFE) 8.1.1.9. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) 8.1.1.10. Water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) 8.1.1.11. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) 8.1.1.12. Fat soluble micronutrients 8.1.2. Anti-nutritional constituents 8.1.2.1. Neutral digestible fiber (NDF) and Acid detergent fiber (ADF) 8.1.2.2. Lignin 8.1.2.3. Polyphenols 8.1.2.4. Alkaloids 8.1.2.5. Saponins 8.1.2.6. Cyanogens 8.1.2.7. Oxalates 8.1.2.8. Protease and α-amylase inhibitors 8.1.2.9. Nitrates 8.1.2.10. Non protein amino acids 8.1.2.11. Crop specific anti-nutrients 9. Nutritional quality estimation of forages 9.1. Destructive methods for forage quality estimation 9.1.1. The Weende scheme 9.1.2. The Van Soest system 9.2. Non-destructive methods for forage quality estimation 9.2.1.Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique 9.3. In vivo and laboratory methods for estimation of forage quality 9.3.1. Laboratory methods for forage quality parameters 9.3.1.1. Moisture 9.3.1.2. Total dry matter determination 9.3.1.3. Crude protein 9.3.1.4. NDF 9.3.1.5. ADF 9.3.1.6. Crude fiber 9.3.1.7. Ether extract 9.3.1.8. Carbohydrates 9.3.1.9. Ash content 9.3.1.10. True protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN 9.3.1.11. Starch 9.3.1.12. ADL 9.3.1.13. Cellulose 9.3.1.14. Silica 9.3.1.15. IVDMD 9.3.1.16. In sacco dry matter digestibility 9.3.2. In vivo method for determination of digestibility of forages 10. Nutritional quality of major forage grasses of Himalayan region 10.1. Range forages 10.1.1. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) 10.1.2. Bermuda grass (Cynadon dactylon) 10.1.3. Nut grass (Cyperus rotundus) 10.1.4. Chizz grass (Imperata cylindrica) 10.1.5. Dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum) 10.2. Cultivated forage grasses of Himalayan region 10.2.1.Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 10.2.2. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) 10.2.3. Golden timothy (Setaria spp.) 10.2.4. Orchard grass/ Cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) 10.2.5. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) 10.2.6. Bajra × Napier hybrids (BN hybrids) 10.3. Cereal fodders 10.4.1. Fodder maize (Zea mays) 10.4.2. Oats (Avena sativa) 10.4.3. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 10.4.4. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 11. Nutritional quality of major forage legumes of Himalayan region 11.1. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 11.2. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.) 11.3. Trifolium species 11.4. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) 11.5. Caribbean stylo (Stylosanthes hamata) 11.6. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) 11.7. Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia L.) 11.8. Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) 11.8.1. Fodder production potential of ricebean 11.8.2.Biochemical composition of rice bean forage 11.8.2.1Dry matter 11.8.2.2. Crude protein 11.8.2.3.Crude fiber 11.8.2.4. Total soluble carbohydrates 11.8.2.5.Ash content 11.8.2.6. Cell wall constituents 11.8.3. Anti-nutritional constituents in rice bean forage 11.8.4. Nutritional superiority of rice bean forage over other forage legumes 11.8.5. Rice bean seeds in animal feeding 12. Nutritional quality of tree fodder of Himalayan region 12.1. Importance of tree fodder 12.1.1. Nutritional fodder resource 12.1.2. Dry season supplement 12.1.3. Multipurpose uses 12.2. Tree fodder-Alternative source of quality fodder 12.3. Nutritional composition of fodder trees of Himalayan region 12.4. Anti-nutritional components of fodder trees 12.5. Lean season forages and their nutritive quality 13. Prospects of non-conventional feed resources of Himalayan region 13.1. Significance of non-conventional feed resources in livestock feeding 13.2. Source and availability of NCFR 13.2.1. Fruit and vegetable wastes 13.2.2. Trees and shrubs 13.2.3. Agroforestry 13.2.4. Agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) 13.2.5. Weeds 13.3. Nutritive Value of NCFR 13.3.1. Fruits and vegetables 13.3.2. Trees and shrubs 13.3.3. Crop byproducts 13.3.4. Weeds 13.3.5. Azolla 13.4. Constraints in using non-conventional feed resources as a potential livestock feed 13.5. Future possibility of using NCFR in livestock feeding 14. Improving quality and digestibility of crop residues 14.1. Crop residues and livestock feeding 14.2. Nutritive value of important crop residues available in Himalayan region 14.3. Barriers in the effective utilization of crop residues as sole livestock feed 14.4. Strategies for improving quality and digestibility of crop residues 14.4.1. Physical treatment 14.4.1.1. Chopping and grinding 14.4.1.2. Pelleting and cubing 14.4.1.3. Irradiation 14.4.1.4. High pressure/high temperature steam treatment 14.4.1.5. Ensiling 14.4.2. Chemical treatment 14.4.2.1. Ammoniation of crop residues 14.4.2.2. Alkali treatment 14.4.2.3. Acid hydrolysis 14.4.3. Biological treatment 14.4.3.1. Lignocellulolytic organism treatment 14.4.3.2. Fungal treatment 14.4.3.3. Bacterial treatment 14.4.3.4. Yeast treatment 14.4.4. Combined physical and biological treatment 14.4.5. Exogenous enzymatic treatment 14.4.6. Supplementation 15. Improvement in nutritional quality of forages through new biotechnological techniques 15.1. Overview of biotechnological interventions for quality enhancement in forage crops 15.2. Candidate gene approach for nutritional enhancement 15.3. Biotechnological approaches for nutritional quality enhancement of forage crops 15.3.1. Transfer of nutritionally potential genes 15.3.1.1. Prevention of bloat in forages 15.3.1.2. Gene introgression for higher amino acid content 15.3.2. Engineering of metabolic pathways 15.3.2.1. Manipulation of lignin biosynthesis 15.3.2.2. Manipulation of fructan metabolism 15.4. Genomic in situ hybridization and DNA-based genetic marker technology for nutritional enhancement of forage crops 15.4.1. Genomic insitu hybridization (GISH) 15.4.2. DNA based marker technology / Linkage mapping 15.5. Prospects of gene editing techniques for nutritional quality enhancement of forage crops 16. Lignin: possible manipulationsin forages 16.1. Lignin biochemistry 16.1.1. Shikimate pathway 16.1.2. Phenyl propanoid pathway 16.1.3. Monolignol synthesis pathway 16.1.4. Polymerization 16.2. Intricacies of lignin biosynthesis in plant cell wall 16.3. Role of lignin in plant growth development 16.4. Relationship between lignin and digestibility of forages 16.5. Genetic manipulation of lignin biosynthesis for enhanced forage quality 16.5.1. RNAi mediated manipulation of lignin biosynthesis 16.5.1.1. Alteration of S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels for alteration lignin biosynthesis 16.5.2. Antisense RNA mediated manipulation of lignin biosynthesis 16.5.2.1. Alteration in Lignin monomer ratio 16.5.2.2. Down regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) 16.5.2.3. Down regulation of Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) 16.5.2.4. Antisense expression encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes 17. Post-harvest processing of forages 17.1. Harvesting stages 17.2. Post-harvest preservation of forages 17.2.1. Hay making 17.2.2. Silage making 17.2.3. Bale silage 17.2.4. Haylage 17.2.5. Chaffing of fodder 17.3. Packaging and storing 17.3.1. Baling of hay/straw 17.3.2. Pelleting 17.3.3. Densified complete feed block 17.4. Transporting and Stacking practices 18. Challenges and opportunities in forage and livestock production in Himalayan region 18.1. Management of grazing resources 18.2. Alternate land use systems 18.3. Arable land utilization 18.4. Forage crop breeding 18.5. Livestock breeding programme 18.6. Livestock improvement 18.7. Need for biotechnological interventions 18.8. Climate change 18.9. Other challenges 19. Perspective 20. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book covers sustainable recycling processes (e.g. physical, biological, chemical, and thermo-chemical) of multiple organic solid wastes, provides methods for material recycle of wastes into value-added products including fuels and commodity chemicals that are able to be directly applied to promote manufacturing processes. Aimed at improving the awareness of effective conversion protocols and for developing innovative biomass conversion processes, this text was conceived as a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques and know-how for production of biofuels and chemicals from sustainable recycling of organic solid wastes. Topics in the text are discussed in terms of addressing recent advances, assessing and highlighting promising new methods or new technological strategies and direct conversion of organic solid wastes to process feeds. Highly-recognized authorities, experts and professionals have contributed individual chapters in selected areas to cover the overall topic in a comprehensive manner. Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction.- Chapter 1. Sustainable technologies for recycling organic solid wastes.- Part II: Production of Biofuels and Chemicals by Thermo-chemical Conversion Processes.- Chapter 2. Recent advances in the catalytic co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and different polymer wastes: from laboratory scale to pilot plant.- Chapter 3. Roadmap to Low-Cost Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes for Production of Liquid Fuels.- Chapter 4. Production of Valuable Compounds from Leaves by Supercritical CO2 Extraction.- Part III: Production of Biofuels and Chemicals by Biodegradation.- Chapter 5. Recovery of biohydrogen and biomethane by anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste.- Chapter 6 Recycling of multiple organic solid wastes into biogas via anaerobic digestion.- Chapter 7. Recycling of multiple organic solid wastes into chemicals via biodegradation.- Part IV Production of Liquid Biofuels with New Technologies.- Chapter 8. Producing value-added products from organic bioresources via Photo-BioCatalytic processes.- Chapter 9. Depolymerisation of fossil fuel and biomass-derived polyesters.- Chapter 10 Producing Value-added Products from Organic Solid Wastes with Mechanochemical Processes.- Chapter 11. Fundamentals of Hydrothermal Processing of Biomass-Related Molecules for Converting Organic Solid Wastes into Chemical Products.- Chapter 12 Third Generation Biorefineries Using Micro- and Macro-Algae.- Part V. Techno-Economic Analysis.- Chapter 13. Prospects and perspectives for producing biodiesel, bioethanol and bio-chemicals from fruit waste: Case study in Brazil and Serbia.- Chapter 14. Sustainable Recycling and Valorization of Organic Solid Wastes for Fuels and Fertilizers.

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Book SynopsisThe book inculcates a holistic approach to improve crop productivity and quality for ensuring food security and nutrition to all. This warrants to identify various stress conditions prevalent globally and tailor crop adaptability and productivity to the maximum accordingly, employing physio-molecular modern tools and techniques with judicious amalgamation with conventional crop husbandry. As a result, the book chapters encompass diverse environmental factors, internal physio-molecular processes and their modulations with a final goal of expanding area under cultivation by utilization of constraint terrains of poor site quality and augmenting sustainable crop productivity and quality on the face of rapidly changing climate. The book includes role of plant hormones, nano-sensors, nanomaterials etc. in stress tolerance responses, capturing recent advancement in the field of stress tolerance, enlarging scope of coverage by gleaning modern literature and providing glimpses of futuristic scenario of agriculture practices that can render ‘balance staple food rich in nutrition, vitamins and minerals’ to teeming billions of global human populations. Thus, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of stress environment and understanding stress physiology for developing stress tolerant crops. The book covers current knowledge and future prospects to achieve enhanced food security under stress environment of crops. The renowned contributors elegantly crafted each chapter, suited alike to both classroom texts for graduate students and reference material for researchers. The language and style are simple and lucid with liberal use of illustrations. This book should be on the shelf of university/ personal libraries for inquisitive students and enlightened researchers.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Role of Nanosensors and Bionanosesors in Crop Abiotic Stress.- Chapter 2. Role of Environment Stress Leaf Senescence and Crop productivity.- Chapter 3. Genomics in Enhancing Crop Productivity against Stresses.- Chapter 4. Transgenic plants: A Tool to Increase Crop Productivity Under Stress Environment.- Chapter 5. Breeding efforts for crop productivity in abiotic stress environment.- Chapter 6. Changing Environment and Crop Plant Breeding.- Chapter 7. Crop plants, abiotic stress, reactive oxygen species production, signaling and their consequences.- Chapter 8. Environment Stress Tolerance in Plants -Physiological Aspects.- Chapter 9. Role of hormones in crop plants root system architecture under changing environmental conditions.- Chapter 10. Water Logging Tolerance and Crop Productivity.- Chapter 11. Crop Adaptability to Excess Salts.- Chapter 12. Crop Scavenging Potential to Heavy Metals.- Chapter 13. Role of plant microbiome under stress environment to enhance crop productivity.- Chapter 14. Role of Effective Management of Harvested Crop to Increase Productivity under Stress Environment.- Chapter 15. Bioactive Compost for Managing Plant Growth under Stress Environment.- Chapter 16. Salicylic acid: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 17. JA and Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 18. ABA: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 19. Polyamines: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 20. Agriculture for Combating Global Starvation.- Chapter 21. Land use and Biodiversity Conservation through Agroforestry.- Chapter 22. Challenges of Stressed Soil: A Case Study of Acid Soil.

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