Biology, life sciences Books

Book SynopsisFrom the renowned neuroscientist and New York Times bestselling author of Incognito comes the companion volume to the international PBS series about how your life shapes your brain, and how your brain shapes your life. An ideal introduction to how biology generates the mind.... Clear, engaging and thought-provoking. —NatureLocked in the silence and darkness of your skull, your brain fashions the rich narratives of your reality and your identity. Join renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman for a journey into the questions at the mysterious heart of our existence. What is reality? Who are “you”? How do you make decisions? Why does your brain need other people? How is technology poised to change what it means to be human?  In the course of his investigations, Eagleman guides us through the world of extreme sports, criminal justice, facial expressions, genocide, brain surgery, gut feelin

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Book SynopsisWhat sets the practice of rigorously tested, sound science apart from pseudoscience? This title seeks to answer this question, known to philosophers of science as the demarcation problem.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a survey and synthesis of knowledge of the over 650 species of land and marine mammals found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. Chapters present taxonomic information, ecological and behavioural characteristics, conservation status, and distribution maps for most species.

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Book SynopsisWhat is a weed, opined Emerson, but a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered? While that may be a worthy notion in theory, these plants of undiscovered virtue cause endless hours of toil for backyard gardeners. Encyclopedic in scope, this book intends to cover North American weeds at every stage of growth.

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Book SynopsisTough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time?Fortunately for you, there's Schaum's Outlines. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This Schaum's Outline gives you: Practice problems with full explanations that reinforce knowledge Coverage of the most up-to-date developments in your course field In-depth review of practices and applications Fully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time-and get your best test scores!Schaum's Outlines-Problem Solved.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Microbiology2. The Chemical Basis of Microbiology3. Microbial Size and Microscopy4. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes5. Microbial Growth and Cultivation6. Metabolism of Microorganisms7. DNA and Gene Expression8. Microbial Genetics9. Control of Microorganisms10. The Major Groups of Bacteria11. The Fungi12. The Protozoa13. The Unicellular Algae14. The Viruses15. The Host-Parasite Relationship16. Host Resistance and the Immune System17. Immune Tests and Disorders18. Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes19. Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System20. Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System21. Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System22. Microbial Diseases of the Blood and Viscera23. Microbial Diseases of the Urogenital System24. Food and Industrial Microbiology25. Environmental MicrobiologyAnswers to Questions

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Book SynopsisAlready popular in the analysis of medical device trials, adaptive Bayesian designs are increasingly being used in drug development for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, from Alzheimerâs disease and multiple sclerosis to obesity, diabetes, hepatitis C, and HIV. Written by leading pioneers of Bayesian clinical trial designs, Bayesian Adaptive Methods for Clinical Trials explores the growing role of Bayesian thinking in the rapidly changing world of clinical trial analysis.The book first summarizes the current state of clinical trial design and analysis and introduces the main ideas and potential benefits of a Bayesian alternative. It then gives an overview of basic Bayesian methodological and computational tools needed for Bayesian clinical trials. With a focus on Bayesian designs that achieve good power and Type I error, the next chapters present Bayesian tools useful in early (Phase I) and middle (Phase II) clinical trials as well as two recent Baye

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Book SynopsisThis work is based on a six year study of African wild dogs, lycaon pictus, in Tanzania's Selous Game Reserve, the largest protected area in Africa and one of the least-studied.Trade Review"The African Wild Dog is a book about a species that is inherently fascinating for a wide variety of reasons. The authors demonstrate how different sorts of data can be collected simultaneously even under difficult field conditions, and they then bring state-of-the-art quantitative analyses to bear on theoretical issues of current interest. As a consequence, the book moves our understanding ... forward in a compelling way. The work is behavioral ecology at its best."--Tim Caro, Science "A monument to much that is best in naturalistic field research... For the armchair conservationist it is easy to assume rarity is a man-made evil, but for the wild dog it is natural... The African wild dog may soon have nowhere left to run."--David W. MacDonald, Times Literary Supplement "This book is essential for anyone interested in the behavior and conservation of large carnivores. The advanced statistical techniques and in-depth discussions of dispersal, hunting, and sociality should be of interest to most behavioral ecologists, and the smooth integration of behavioral observations and analytical conservation biology serves as a model for future studies of endangered species."--Theodore Stankowich, EthnologyTable of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1: History and Natural History 1 1.1 Taxonomy and Phylogeny 3 1.2 Social Organization 4 1.3 Ecology 7 1.4 Conservation Issues 7 1.5 Issues Addressed by the Research and Organization of the Book 11 Chapter 2: The Selous, the Study Population, and General Methods 15 2.1 The Selous Game Reserve 15 2.2 The Study Area and Population 23 2.3 General Methods 25 Chapter 3: Home Ranges and Habitat Selection 36 3.1 Specific Methods 36 3.2 Description of Home Ranges 39 3.3 Exclusive Areas, Overlaps and Territorial Defense 41 3.4 Den Locations and Characteristics 50 3.5 Pack Size and Range Size 51 3.6 Habitat Selection 52 3.7 Effect of Prey Distribution on Habitat Selection and Home Range Properties 55 3.8 Comparison with Other Wild Dog Populations 59 3.9 Summary 65 Chapter 4: Cooperative Hunting and the Evolution of Sociality 67 4.1 Specific Methods 69 4.2 Hunting and Foraging Success 73 4.3 Prey Selection and Hunting Success 74 4.4 Cooperative Hunting Behavior 76 4.5 Characteristics of Kill Sites 84 4.6 Quantitative Effects of Pack Size on Hunting Benefits and Costs 84 4.7 Optimal Hunting Pack Size 88 4.8 Net Rate of Food Intake vs. Efficiency 89 4.9 Effects of Group Size Unrelated to Hunting 95 4.10 Variance in Foraging Success 96 4.11 Other Wild Dog Populations 97 4.12 Communal Hunting and Group Size: Comparisons with Other Species 98 Chapter 5: Prey Selection 103 5.1 Prey Availability and Encounter Rates 105 5.2 Encounters and Hunts 109 5.3 Hunts and Kills 111 5.4 Combined Effects of Encounter, Hunting, and Killing Probabilities on Prey Selection 112 5.5 Quantitative Models of Prey Selection 114 5.6 Summary 122 Chapter 6: Ungulate Herd Sizes and the Risk of Predation by Wild Dogs 124 6.1 Probability of Being Encountered 126 6.2 The Probability of Being Hunted upon Encounter 130 6.3 Hunting Success 130 6.4 Kills per Encounter, Dilution of Risk, and Combined Measures of Vulnerability 133 Chapter 7: Demography-Survival and Reproduction 145 7.1 Survival Rates 145 7.2 Reproduction 159 7.3 Density Dependence 173 7.4 Genetic Effective Population Size 175 7.5 Demographic Effective Population Size 176 Chapter 8: Dispersal 179 8.1 Defining Dispersal in Social Carnivores 181 8.2 Number and Size of Dispersing Groups 184 8.3 Rates of Dispersal 184 8.4 Size of Dispersing Groups 184 8.5 Linear Dispersal Distance 186 8.6 The Duration and Circumstances of Floating 187 8.7 Comparison with Dispersal in Other Wild Dog Populations 190 8.8 Mortality Risk of Dispersal 191 8.9 Dispersal and Escape from Reproductive Suppression 194 8.10 Dispersal and Escape from Inbreeding 195 8.11 Integrating Forces that Drive Dispersal 200 Chapter 9: Reproductive Suppression, Social Stress, and the Behavioral and Endocrine Correlates of Rank 201 9.1 Are Dominants More Aggressive? 205 9.2 Do Dominants Mate More Often or More Effectively? 207 9.3 Do Hormonal Differences Accompany Behavioral Differences? 210 9.4 Nonbreeder Lactation 214 9.5 Does Social Stress Mediate Reproductive Suppression of Subordinates? 215 9.6 How Effective Is Reproductive Suppression of Subordinates? 216 9.7 Similarities and Differences between the Sexes in the Correlates of Rank 217 9.8 Interspecific Comparisons 218 9.9 Dominance and Stress 218 9.10 Do the Correlates of Rank Relate to Dispersal and Social Organization? 222 Chapter 10: Patterns of Relatedness and the Fitness Consequences of Dispersal, Philopatry, and Reproductive Suppression 223 10.1 Age-specific Relatedness of Natal and Immigrant Subordinates to Breeders 226 10.2 Inclusive Fitness of Nondispersers 231 10.3 Inclusive Fitness of Dispersers 238 10.4 Incomplete Reproductive Suppression: Breeding by Subordinates 240 Chapter 11: Interspecific Competition with Larger Carnivores 245 11.1 Specific Methods 246 11.2 Carnivore Densities and Distributions in Selous 248 11.3 Correlations between Species Densities 253 11.4 Diet Overlap 257 11.5 Direct Competition at Kills 259 11.6 Interactions Away from Kills 263 11.7 Impact of Interspecific Competition 265 11.8 Adaptations to Interspecific Competition 266 Chapter 12: Infectious Diseases 269 12.1 Canine Distemper Virus 271 12.2 Rabies Virus 274 12.3 Anthrax 277 12.4 Canine Parvovirus 279 12.5 Other Pathogens 281 12.6 Behavior and Epidemiology 284 12.7 Impact of Diseases on Population Dynamics and Density 286 Chapter 13: Extinction Risk and Conservation 288 13.1 Analysis of Extinction Risk with Leslie Matrix Projections 290 13.2 Stochastic Individual-Based Modeling of Extinction Risk 295 13.3 Sensitivity Analysis and Results 298 13.4 Summary and Recommendations 308 References 311 Index 339

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Book SynopsisBiomedical Sciences is an indispensable, all encompassing core textbook for first/ second year biomedical science students that will support them throughout their undergraduate career. The bookincludes the key components of the IBMS accredited degree programmes, plus sections on actual practice in UK hospital laboratories (including the compilation of a reflective portfolio). The bookis visually exciting, and written in an interesting and accessible manner while maintaining scientific rigour. Highlighted boxes within the textlink the theory to actual clinical laboratory practice for example, the histopathology chapter includes a photographically illustrated flow chart of the progress of a specimen through the histopathology lab, so that students can actually see how the specimen reception/inking/cut-up/cassette/block/section/stain system works, with an emphasis on the safety procedures that ensure specimens are not confused).Trade Review“As an accompaniment to an undergraduate programme, this is an excellent text that manages to introduce all aspects of biomedical science to the reader.” (British Journal of Biomedical Science, 1 January 2013) “Overall, Biomedical Sciences: Essential Laboratory Medicine would make a fantastic starting textbook for biomedical students. It is accessible, clinically-focused and covers all major relevant topics. (Phenotype, 28 May 2012)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii Chapter 1 Anatomy and physiology of major organ systems 1 Ray K. Iles, Iona Collins and Suzanne M. Docherty 1.1 The skeletal system 1 1.2 The digestive system 6 1.3 The cardiovascular system 11 1.4 The urinary system 17 1.5 Respiratory system 21 1.6 The nervous system 23 1.7 The endocrine system 31 Bibliography 33 Chapter 2 Pathophysiology 35 Suzanne M. Docherty 2.1 Pathophysiology: a definition 35 2.2 Introduction to epidemiology 35 2.3 Introduction to pharmacology 38 2.4 Gastroenterology 44 2.5 Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease 50 2.6 Rheumatology 56 2.7 Urinary tract disease 59 2.8 Cardiovascular disease 65 2.9 Respiratory disease 76 2.10 Endocrine disease 80 Bibliography 88 Chapter 3 Clinical cell biology and genetics 89 Ray K. Iles and Stephen A. Butler 3.1 The cell 89 3.2 Genetics 103 3.3 Human genetic disorders 116 3.4 Important techniques in molecular cell biology 136 Bibliography 138 Chapter 4 Cellular pathology 139 Christopher M. Stonard and Jennifer H. Stonard Part I: Principles of cellular pathology 139 4.1 Structure and function of normal cells, tissues and organs 139 4.2 Tissues and organs 140 4.3 Cellular responses to injury 141 4.4 Tissue responses to injury: acute inflammation 143 4.5 Tissue responses to injury: chronic inflammation 149 4.6 Healing and repair 151 4.7 Hyperplasia and hypertrophy 154 4.8 Atherosclerosis 155 4.9 Thrombosis and embolism 157 4.10 Ischaemia and infarction 159 4.11 Amyloid and amyloidosis 160 4.12 Infections of histological importance 162 4.13 Metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ 165 4.14 Neoplasia 168 Part II: Clinical application and laboratory techniques 175 4.15 Sampling modalities 175 4.16 Fixation 178 4.17 Specimen dissection 180 4.18 Processing and embedding 182 4.19 Microtomy 184 4.20 Standard staining methods and procedures 186 4.21 Frozen section 190 4.22 Immunohistochemistry 191 4.23 Cytopathology 196 4.24 Electron microscopy 197 4.25 In situ hybridization 201 Bibliography 203 Chapter 5 Clinical chemistry 205 Ray K. Iles and Stephen A. Butler Introduction 205 Part I: Analytical methods 205 5.1 Sample collection 205 5.2 Analytical methods in clinical chemistry laboratories 210 5.3 Summary: common clinical tests for sample analytes 231 Part II: Clinical assessments 232 5.4 Urea and electrolytes (U and Es) 232 5.5 Metabolism and gastrointestinal markers 234 5.6 Renal function tests 236 5.7 Liver function tests 237 5.8 Heart disease and lipid disorder tests 238 5.9 Pancreatic function tests 240 5.10 Bone disease assessment 241 5.11 Endocrinological assessments 241 5.12 Pregnancy tests and pregnancy clinical chemistry 249 5.13 Therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology 251 5.14 Clinical chemistry at the extremes of age 253 5.15 Cancer biomarkers 254 Bibliography 259 Chapter 6 Medical microbiology 261 Sarah J. Furrows and Catherine S. Fontinelle Introduction 261 6.1 Overview of microorganisms 261 6.2 Laboratory investigation of infection 265 6.3 Bacteria 277 6.4 Fungi 284 6.5 Parasitology --- protozoa and helminths 288 6.6 Viruses 290 6.7 Prions 297 6.8 Infections in the immunocompromised patient 298 6.9 Healthcare associated infections 299 6.10 Antimicrobial agents 302 6.11 Vaccines 307 6.12 Conclusion 309 Bibliography 309 Chapter 7 Clinical immunology 311 Ray K. Iles and Ivan M. Roitt Part I: The fundamentals of immunology 311 7.1 Overview of the immune system 311 7.2 Overview of the immune response 316 7.3 MHC genotyping, autoimmunity and susceptibility to disease 321 7.4 Physical age and immunocompetency 322 Part II: Laboratory investigations and immune assessments 323 7.5 Inflammation and chronic infection 323 7.6 Autoimmune diseases 324 7.7 Transplant rejection 325 7.8 Hypersensitivities 326 7.9 Immune deficiency 326 Bibliography 328 Chapter 8 Haematology and transfusion science 329 Suzanne M. Docherty 8.1 Introduction and components of blood 329 8.2 Routine laboratory blood tests 332 8.3 Haemopoiesis 336 8.4 Red blood cell structure, disorders and metabolism 337 8.5 Haemoglobin 342 8.6 Anaemia 353 8.7 Benign white blood cell disorders 359 8.8 Haemostasis 361 8.9 Coagulation disorders 366 8.10 Myeloproliferative disorders 371 8.11 Haematological malignancies 373 8.12 Complement 378 8.13 Blood transfusion 380 8.14 Blood products 390 8.15 Haemopoetic stem cell transplantation 393 Bibliography 395 Chapter 9 Professional practice and biomedical science 397 David Ricketts 9.1 What is a biomedical scientist? 397 9.2 The IBMS 397 9.3 Professional practice and the role of the HPC 398 9.4 Standards of proficiency --- biomedical scientists 399 9.5 Expectations of a health professional 400 9.6 Professional relationships 401 9.7 The skills required for the application of practice 401 9.8 Knowledge, understanding and skills 402 9.9 Standards of conduct, performance and ethics 403 9.10 Cpd 403 9.11 Critical reflection 404 9.12 IBMS CPD scheme 404 9.13 The professional biomedical scientist as an agent for change in the wider healthcare setting 405 Appendix 407 Index 413

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Book SynopsisAnts are among the most conspicuous and the most ecologically important of insects. This guide introduces the fascinating and diverse ant fauna of the United States and Canada. It features an illustrated key to North American ant genera, discusses distribution patterns, and explores ant ecology and natural history.Trade Review"A valuable book. [It] will enlighten anyone with even a slight interest in ants... This book promises to inspire a whole new generation of ant biologists." Quarterly Review Of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface Introduction Key to North American Ant Genera Based on Worker Caste TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS Subfamily Descriptions Genus Descriptions Ant Genera of North America by Subfamily Ant Species North of Mexico: A Working List Terminology Identification References General References Index

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Book SynopsisOrganized around the central theme of homeostasis - how the body meets changing demands while maintaining the internal constancy necessary for all cells and organs to function, this book helps you appreciate the integrated functioning of the human body.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis. 2. Cell Physiology. 3. The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential. 4. Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication. 5. The Central Nervous System. 6. The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses. 7. The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division. 8. Muscle Physiology. 9. Cardiac Physiology. 10. The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure. 11. The Blood. 12. Body Defenses. 13. The Respiratory System. 14. The Urinary System. 15. Fluid and Acid���Base Balance. 16. The Digestive System. 17. Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation. 18. Principles of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands. 19. The Peripheral Endocrine Glands. 20. The Reproductive System. Appendix: A Review of Chemical Principles. Appendix: Text References to Exercise Physiology. Appendix: Answers to Check Your Understanding, End-of-Chapter Objective Questions, Quantitative Exercises, Points to Ponder, and Clinical Considerations. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisLisa Randall is an American theoretical physicist and the Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University. She has received numerous awards and honors and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy and an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics. She is the author of several acclaimed books on physics.Trade ReviewA bold intellectual synthesis from one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists, blending cosmology, astronomy, particle physics and the history of life on Earth to suggest the existence of an entirely new force of nature. This book certainly ventures into the unknown, but that's where great physicists like to be. -- Professor Brian CoxFascinating… Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs is a sign that readers of popular science have finally grown up… A very grown-up quest… Randall’s writing is as laid back and unfussy as ever. If you appreciated her clear, straightforward style in Warped Passages and Knocking on Heaven’s Door, you won’t be disappointed by Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs. -- Michael Brooks * New Scientist *Weird and wonderful new book. -- Michael Hanlon * The Sunday Times *Splendid book. -- Clive Cookson * Financial Times *Only Lisa Randall can take us on such a thrilling scientific journey—from dinosaurs to DNA to comets to dark matter and to the past and future of our species. Randall’s research is so thorough, the story so powerful, and her storytelling so compelling that I could not put this book down. -- Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All Maladies

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Book SynopsisIgnacio Tinoco was an undergraduate at the University of New Mexico, a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, and a postdoctoral fellow at Yale. He then went to the University of California, Berkeley, where he has remained. His research interest has been on the structures of nucleic acids, particularly RNA. He was chairman of the Department of Energy committee that recommended in 1987 a major initiative to sequence the human genome. His present research is on unfolding single RNA molecules by force.   Kenneth Sauer grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, and received his A.B. in chemistry from Oberlin College. Following his Ph.D. studies in gas-phase physical chemistry at Harvard, he spent three years teaching at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. A postdoctoral opportunity to learn from Melvin Calvin about photosynthesis in plants led him to the University of California, Berkeley, where heTable of ContentsBrief Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The First Law: Energy is Conserved Chapter 3: The Second Law: The Entropy of the Universe Increases Chapter 4: Free Energy and Chemical Equilibria Chapter 5: The Statistical Foundations of Biophysical Chemistry Chapter 6: Physical Equilibria Chapter 7: Electrochemistry Chapter 8: The Motion of Biological Molecules Chapter 9: Kinetics: Rates of Chemical Reactions Chapter 10: Enzyme Kinetics Chapter 11: Molecular Structures and Interactions: Theory Chapter 12: Molecular Structures and Interactions: Biomolecules Chapter 13: Optical Spectroscopy Chapter 14: Magnetic Resonance Chapter 15: Macromolecular Structure and X-Ray Diffraction

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Book SynopsisA Scientific American Top Ten Book of 2023If forests are the lungs of the planet, then animals migrating across oceans, streams, and mountains-eating, pooping, and dying along the way-are its heart and arteries, pumping nitrogen and phosphorus from deep-sea gorges up to mountain peaks, from the Arctic to the Caribbean. Without this conveyor belt of crucial, life-sustaining nutrients, the world would look very different. The dynamics that shape our physical world-atmospheric chemistry, geothermal forces, plate tectonics, and erosion through wind and rain-have been explored for decades. But the effects on local ecosystems of less glamorous forces-rotting carcasses and deposited feces-as well as their impact on the global climate cycle, have been largely overlooked. The simple truth is that pooping and peeing are daily rituals for almost all animals, the ellipses of ecology that flow through life. We eat, we poop, and we die. From the volcanoes of Iceland to the tropical waters of Hawaii, the great plains of the American heartland, and beyond, Eat, Poop, Die takes readers on an exhilarating and enlightening global adventure, revealing the remarkable ways in which the most basic biological activities of animals make and remake the world-and how a deeper understanding of these cycles provides us with opportunities to undo the environmental damage humanity has wrought on the planet we call home.

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis captures the latest understanding of the science that supports bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) and includes the results of numerous research studies using modern technologies not found in previously published books. It provides the BPA community with a modern, up-to-date reference and training manual to outline and validate the utility, repeatability, and reliability of BPA science.BPA has recently been presented in the news media as an example of âœjunkâ science used in a handful of cases involving wrongful convictions. However, the reality is that the primary issue for BPA in these wrongful convictions is not the science: it is the result of substandard training and the lack of experience of BPA analysts, prior to beginning casework and testifying in court as experts. As such, this book is written to serve as an essential study guide for analysts preparing to sit for the International Association for Identification

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Book SynopsisPresents the fundamentals of marine sediment geochemistry by examining the complex chemical, biological, and physical processes that contribute to the conversion of these sediments to rock, a process known as early diagenesis. This graduate text is intended for students of geology, geochemistry, and oceanography, as well as earth scientists.Trade Review"This excellent and comprehensive volume on the geochemistry of marine sediments synthesizes a large body of recent research as well as the author's own extensive work in the field since 1983. The breadth and depth of the subject matter is supported by approximately 1,000 literature references on 71 pages, and the text is divided into 18 chapters of varying length."--Abraham Lerman, Journal of Geology "Despite the complexity of the medium and the processes occurring in it, Burdige has written a comprehensive, well-organized, thoroughly referenced, and highly readable text. Marine sediments are important as habitats for life, in geochemical cycling elements, and as an essential record of the past. These themes are seamlessly integrated in the book, which should find a place on the shelves of anyone working in these areas."--Carol Arnosti, Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin "Burdige offers a thorough and complete discussion of geochemical processes governing sedimentary composition and diagenesis, according to the current understanding... The presentation is comprehensive and clear."--Choice "In this extraordinary tour de force, Burdige captures the complexity and growing interdisciplinary nature of the field of marine geochemistry. The book is sure to become a standard text for years to come."--Thomas S. Bianchi, EosTable of ContentsPreface xv Common Abbreviations and Symbols xvii CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO: The Components of Marine Sediments 5 2.1 Detrital Components 5 2.2 Biogenic Components 8 2.2.1 Biogenic Carbonates 9 2.2.2 Biogenic Silica 10 2.2.3 Distribution of Biogenic Components in Marine Sediments 10 2.3 Authigenic Minerals 12 2.3.1 Nonbiogenic Carbonates 13 2.3.2 Mn Crusts, Layers, and Nodules 13 2.3.3 Phosphorites 14 2.3.4 Sulfides 15 2.4 Clays and Clay Minerals 15 2.4.1 Distribution of Clay Minerals in Surface Marine Sediments 18 2.4.2 Ion Exchange/Adsorption 20 2.5 The Classification of Marine Sediments and Sedimentary Regimes 24 CHAPTER THREE: Isotope Geochemistry 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Principles of Isotope Fractionation 28 3.2.1 Terminology 30 3.2.2 Equilibrium Isotope Exchange Reactions 31 3.3 Isotope Fractionation in Inorganic Materials in Nature 32 3.3.1 Isotope Fractionation in the Hydrosphere and in Ice Cores 32 3.3.2 Isotope Fractionation during Clay Mineral Formation 34 3.3.3 Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes in Calcite 35 3.4 Carbon Isotopes in Organic Matter 36 3.4.1 Photosynthesis 37 3.4.2 Respiration (Early Diagenesis in Sediments) 38 3.5 Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes in Sediment Pore-Waters 38 3.5.1 Carbon Isotopes 38 3.5.2 Oxygen Isotopes 39 3.6 Nitrogen Isotopes 39 3.7 Sulfur Isotopes 40 3.8 Radioactive Isotopes 40 3.8.1 Basic Principles 40 3.8.2 Radiocarbon 43 CHAPTER FOUR: Physical Properties of Sediments 46 4.1 Grain Size 46 4.2 Porosity and Sediment Density 47 4.3 Permeability 55 CHAPTER FIVE: An Introduction to Transport Processes in Sediments 59 5.1 Diffusion 59 5.2 Sediment Accumulation, Steady State,and the Frame of Reference for Processes in Marine Sediments 61 5.3 An Introduction to Bioturbation and Bioirrigation 65 5.4 Time and Space Scales of Sediment Processes 67 5.5 The Classification of Marine Sediments on the Basis of Their Functional Diagenetic Characteristics 70 CHAPTER SIX: Models of Sediment Diagenesis 72 6.1 The General Diagenetic Equation 72 6.1.1 Diffusion 74 6.1.2 Advection, Sediment Compaction, and Bioturbation 78 6.1.3 Adsorption 83 6.2 Solutions to the Diagenetic Equation 84 6.2.1 Boundary Conditions 86 6.3 Solutions to Specific Diagenetic Equations 87 6.3.1 Organic Matter Remineralization without Bioturbation 88 6.3.2 Organic Matter Remineralization with Bioturbation 89 6.3.3 Organic Matter Remineralization Coupled to Sulfate Reduction 91 6.3.4 Ammonium Production in Anoxic Sediments 92 6.3.5 Determination of Sediment Accumulation Rates 95 CHAPTER SEVEN Biogeochemical Processes in Sediments 97 7.1 Bacterial Metabolism: General Considerations 98 7.2 Bacterial Respiration and Biogeochemical Zonation in Sediments 99 7.3 Bacterial Respiration: Specific Processes 105 7.3.1 Aerobic Respiration 105 7.3.2 Denitrification 105 7.3.3 Manganese and Iron Reduction 107 7.3.4 Sulfate Reduction 110 7.3.5 Methanogenesis 111 7.4 Chemolithotrophic Reactions 114 7.4.1 Aerobic Processes 114 7.4.2 Anaerobic Processes 116 7.4.3 Linkages between Chemolithotrophic and Organic Matter Remineralization Processes 116 7.5 The Distribution of Organic Matter Remineralization Processes in Marine Sediments 120 7.5.1 Depth Scales of Biogeochemical Zonation 120 7.5.2 General Trends with Water Column Depth or Sediment Type 124 7.6 Dynamics of Organic Matter Decomposition in Sediments 134 7.6.1 General Considerations 134 7.6.2 Anaerobic "Foodchains" 135 7.6.3 Dynamics of Organic Matter Decomposition under Mixed Redox Conditions 139 CHAPTER EIGHT: Quantifying Carbon and Nutrient Remineralization in Sediments 142 8.1 Models of Organic Matter Decomposition in Sediments 142 8.2 Sediment Budgets for Reactive Components 150 8.2.1 Theoretical Considerations 151 8.2.2 Sediment Nutrient Budgets Using Cape Lookout Bight as an Example 153 8.3 Carbon Burial in Sediments 161 8.4 Layered and Coupled Models of Sediment Diagenesis 162 CHAPTER NINE: An Introduction to the Organic Geochemistry of Marine Sediments 171 9.1 General Considerations 172 9.2 Concentrations and Sources of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments 174 9.3 The Bulk Chemical Composition of Marine Sediment Organic Matter 175 9.4 Amino Acids 179 9.5 Carbohydrates 189 9.6 Lignins 193 9.7 Lipids 194 9.8 Humic Substances and Molecularly Uncharacterized Organic Matter 204 9.8.1 Black Carbon 206 9.8.2 Molecularly Uncharacterized Organic Matter (MU-OM): General Considerations 207 9.8.3 Geopolymerization: The Formation of Humic Substances 209 9.8.4 Selective Preservation of Refractory Biomacromolecules 212 9.8.5 Physical Protection 213 9.9 Organic Nitrogen Diagenesis in Sediments 215 CHAPTER TEN: Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Sediments 218 10.1 General Observations 218 10.2 Diagenetic Models of Pore-Water DOM Cycling in Sediments 227 10.3 Pore-Water DOM Compositional Data 228 10.3.1 Short-Chain Organic Acids 230 10.3.2 Carbohydrates 231 10.3.3 Amino Acids 231 10.4 Fluxes of DOM from Marine Sediments 232 10.5 DOM Adsorption and Sediment-Organic Matter Interactions 234 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Linking Sediment Organic Geochemistry and Sediment Diagenesis 237 11.1 The Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments 237 11.1.1 Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Tracers of Organic Matter Sources 238 11.1.2 Elemental Ratios as Tracers of Organic Matter Sources 241 11.1.3 Spatial Trends in the Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments:Marine versus Terrestrial 244 11.1.4 Other Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments: Black Carbon and Recycled Kerogen 249 11.1.5 Production of Bacterial Biomass in Sediments 250 11.2 The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization in Marine Sediments 253 11.2.1 Pore-Water Stoichiometric Models for Nutrient Regeneration/Organic Mater Remineralization 254 11.2.2 Benthic Flux and Sediment POM Stoichiometric Models for Nutrient Regeneration 260 11.2.3 The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization: Elemental Ratios and Stable Isotopic Composition 261 11.2.4 The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization: Organic Geochemical Composition 265 CHAPTER TWELVE: Processes at the Sediment-Water Interface 271 12.1 The Determination of Benthic Fluxes 272 12.2 Diffusive Transportand the Benthic Boundary Layer 274 12.3 Sediment-Water Exchange Processes in Permeable Sediments 283 12.4 Bioturbation 286 12.4.1 General Considerations 286 12.4.2 Models of Bioturbation 289 12.4.3 Nonlocal Sediment Mixing 299 12.5 Bioirrigation 302 12.5.1 The Diffusive Openness of Bioirrigated Sediments 313 12.5.2 Methods for Quantifying Bioirrigation in Sediments 316 12.5.3 Rates of Bioirrigation in Marine Sediments 319 12.6 Other Sediment-Water Interface Processes: Methane Gas Ebullition 326 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Biogeochemical Processes in Pelagic (Deep-Sea) Sediments 328 13.1 Organic Matter Remineralization 328 13.2 Trace Metal Diagenesis 332 13.3 Manganese Nodules and Crusts 344 13.4 Diagenesis of Opaline Silica 352 13.5 Diagenesis of Calcium Carbonate 359 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Nonsteady-State Processes in Marine Sediments 373 14.1 General Considerations 373 14.2 Periodic Input Processes 374 14.3 Seasonality in Sediment Processes 378 14.4 Diagenetic Processes in Deep-Sea Turbidites 382 14.4.1 Organic Geochemical Studies of Turbidite Diagenesis 391 14.5 Multiple Mn Peaks in Sediments: Nonsteady-State Diagenetic Processes Associated with Paleoceanographic Changes 395 14.5.1 Multiple Mn Peaks and the Glacial-Holocene Transition 400 14.5.2 Multiple Mn Peaks and Pleistocene Climate Cycles 402 14.5.3 Multiple Mn Peaks in Holocene Sediments 404 CHAPTER FIFTEEN: The Controls on Organic Carbon Preservation in Marine Sediments 408 15.1 Organic Matter-Mineral Interactions 412 15.2 The Role of Oxygen in Sediment Carbon Remineralization and Preservation 417 15.3 The Role of Benthic Macrofaunal Processes in Sediment Carbon Remineralization and Preservation 419 15.4 Oxygen Exposure Time as a Determinant of Organic Carbon Preservation in Sediments 421 15.4.1 What Exactly Does Sediment Oxygen Exposure "Mean"? 425 15.4.2 Organic Carbon Burial and Controls on Atmospheric O2 428 15.5 The Composition of Organic Matter Preserved in Marine Sediments and the Fate of Terrestrial Organic Matter in Marine Sediments 432 15.6 The Relationship between Physical Protection, Oxygen Exposure,and Possible Abiotic Condensation Reactions in Sediment Carbon Preservation 439 CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Biogeochemical Processes in Continental Margin Sediments. I. The CO2 System and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling 442 16.1 Pore-Water pH and Carbonate Chemistry under Suboxic and Anoxic Conditions 442 16.2 Sediment Nitrogen Cycling 452 16.2.1 Benthic DON Fluxes 463 16.3 Sediment Phosphorus Cycling 464 16.3.1 Formation of Authigenic CFA and Phosphorus Burial in Sediments 474 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Biogeochemical Processes in Continental Margin Sediments. II. Sulfur, Methane, and Trace Metal Cycling 478 17.1 Sediment Sulfur Cycling 478 17.1.1 Sulfur Burial Efficiency 486 17.1.2 Long-Term Changes in the Sedimentary Sulfur Cycle 489 17.2 Methanogenesis and Anaerobic Methane Oxidation 490 17.2.1 Shallow (Coastal) Sediments 490 17.2.2 Continental Margin Sediments 493 17.3 Trace Metal Cycling 500 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Linking Sediment Processes to Global Elemental Cycles: Authigenic Clay Mineral Formation and Reverse Weathering 509 18.1 Sediment Silica Budgets 514 18.2 Final Thoughts 515 Appendix Some of the Field Sites Discussed in the Text 517 References 521 Index 593

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Book SynopsisA major work of environmental and behavioral biology, this book reinterprets the classification, evolution, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of the higher social insects—ants, social wasps and bees, and termites—through the concepts of modern biology, from biochemistry to evolutionary theory and population ecology.Trade ReviewIf only because of the rarity of the event and the stature of the author…The Insect Societies must be considered a work of major importance. It is certain to influence the focus of research as well as the content of public information on the social insects for years to come…For anyone, layman or specialists, interested in a single, concise, lucid, and authoritative account of the most significant facts and theories about insect societies, The Insect Societies is the best available and will be for many years. -- Mary Jane West Eberhard * Natural History *Because ants, wasps, bees, and termites are of importance to man, because of their ecological domination of the land, and because their activities remind man of his own, this encyclopedic work will attract the general reader, students, and biologists as well as entomologists…This comprehensive work must be recognized as an outstanding contribution to biological literature. * Library Journal *The Insect Societies gives an extraordinarily complete and up-to-date account of the natural history of social insects with their great proliferation of genera, species, and behavioral types…In these fields modern genetics, selection theory, and biomathematics are being developed to explain the evolution of insect societies and their diversity both in size and in longevity. This is one of the growing points in the study of social insects and an undertaking to which Wilson is making important contributions. -- O. W. Richards * Science *In comprehensiveness of scope and modernity of outlook The Insect Societies can truly be said to be unique. For many years to come it will surely constitute a benchmark for all those, professional and amateur alike, for whom the social insects offer one of the most compelling and fascinating pageants in all the world of nature. The book is likely to become a collector's item. -- Caryl F. Haskins * New York Times Book Review *The book is well illustrated, and written in a clear direct style, with such specialist technical terms as Wilson feels obliged to uses explained in a glossary; evidently he is anxious to reach a wider audience than that provided by professional entomologists--as indeed the book deserves to do…This handsome book will undoubtedly be widely read and influential. -- R. A. Crowson * Nature *No book on biology in the past 20 years has been as satisfying as this treatise on ants, bees, wasps and termites…It is written with clarity and verve, but what distinguishes it particularly is its catholic mastery of all of biology, from paleontology to formal genetics, from ethology to biochemistry. Nothing less can be an adequate basis for the study of our social colleagues on this earth, and nothing less has its courageous and energetic author settled for. Biology is a whole science, and here it is wholly seen…It is so honest and yet so rich that it attracts and holds by the scent of understanding. * Scientific American *Table of Contents* Acknowledgment *1. Introduction: The Importance of Social Insects *2. The Degrees of Social Behavior *3. The Social Wasps *4. The Ants *5. The Social Bees *6. The Termites *7. The Presocial Insects *8. Caste: Ants *9. Caste: Social Bees and Wasps *10. Caste: Termites *11. The Elements of Behavior *12. Communication: Alarm and Assembly *13. Communication: Recruitment *14. Communication: Recognition, Food Exchange, and Grooming *15. Group Effects and the Control of Nestmates *16. Social Homeostasis and the Superorganism *17. The Genetic Theory of Social Behavior *18. Compromise and Optimization in Social Evolution *19. Symbioses among Social Insects *20. Symbioses with Other Arthropods *21. The Population Dynamics of Colonies *22. The Prospect for a Unified Sociobiology * Glossary * Bibliography * Index

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Book SynopsisFrom breastfeeding to vaccines to sleep, Alice's advice will help you make smart choices so that you can relax and enjoy your baby.Trade ReviewDr. Callahan isn't bossy, and isn't out to tell you what she thinks. Her book tells you what the science says, and explains how we know what we know, and what things we still need to learn more about. There's humility and warmth, here, which I think parents of newborns will find reassuring. The Pediatric Insider [Callahan] takes a compassionate, non-preachy approach with a goal of not telling the reader what to do but rather how to seek wise advice and make smart decisions...and to enjoy having a baby, which is what it is all about... Live Science This is science-based medicine writing at its best. Callahan doesn't cherry-pick. She knows how to evaluate the entire body of research and put it into perspective along with practical parenting considerations. She enhances her message with a personal touch, including anecdotes about her own experiences as a new mother and about the experiences of her friends and family. If I had three thumbs, I would give this book a 3-thumbs-up recommendation. -- Harriet Hall, MD Science-Based Medicine ... in Science of Mom, Alice Callahan, PhD combines the critical eye of a scientist with the heart of a mother to create a helpful resource for all people interested in evidence based infant care and parenting. Science & Sensibility (Lamaze International) ... a timely and necessary book for parents... It will help both moms and dads work together to choose the right parenting methods for them and give them a research-based approach to raising a child. Patheos ... a fresh and enlightening approach... I'd highly recommend this book to any mom expecting her first child ... or her fourth. Uncommon Motherhood ... a solid resource for any new parent or parent to be. Callahan does the work of sorting through the science of baby's first year, so you don't have to. Raise Healthy Eaters [Callahan's] compassion and empathy for the difficulties of parenting shine through in every chapter, from breastfeeding to vaccines to feeding to sleeping. Forbes [ The Science of Mom] should be required reading for all new parents... She calms fears and provides parents with real facts. She doesn't make the decisions for you, but she makes it a lot easier to make sound decisions. MomSense A book long-overdue in the parenting literature. Momma Data Name a complex or controversial topic and Callahan provides the science on both sides of the arguments to help parents make wise choices. Psychology Today The Science of Mom stands out from the crowd...an easy to read, certifiable resource. American Reference Books AnnualTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Show Me the Science2. Cutting the Umbilical Cord3. Of Injections and Eye Goop4. For Once, Sit Back and Watch5. Milk and Motherhood6. Where Should Your Baby Sleep?7. In Search of a Good Night's Sleep

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Book SynopsisGeneralized Estimating Equations, Second Edition updates the best-selling previous edition, which has been the standard text on the subject since it was published a decade ago. Combining theory and application, the text provides readers with a comprehensive discussion of GEE and related models. Numerous examples are employed throughout the text, along with the software code used to create, run, and evaluate the models being examined. Stata is used as the primary software for running and displaying modeling output; associated R code is also given to allow R users to replicate Stata examples. Specific examples of SAS usage are provided in the final chapter as well as on the book's website.This second edition incorporates comments and suggestions from a variety of sources, including the Statistics.com course on longitudinal and panel models taught by the authors. Other enhancements include an examination of GEE marginal effects; a more thorough presentatiTrade Review"Overall, I found this to be a very useful book on GEE, and would recommend it to anyone planning to use GEE models in their data analysis. Both the theory and practical aspects of constructing and analysing such models is covered. Inclusion of code for many of the analyses is an excellent feature."—Ken J. Beath, Macquarie University, Australia, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, April 2017" … the authors expand the text with several additions: (I) they examine and include entirely new topics related to GEE and the estimation of clustered and longitudinal models; (2) they add more detailed discussions of previously presented topics, including expanding the discussion of various models associated with GEE (penalized GEE, survey GEE, and quasi-least-square regression), adding material on hypothesis testing and diagnostics, and introducing alternative models for ordered categorical outcomes and an extension of the QIC, which is a model selection criterion measure; (3) they expand the amount of computer code by adding R code to duplicate the Stata examples wherever possible. In my opinion, the second edition is enhanced by the additions mentioned above, providing an excellent review of the GEE, wide coverage of its variations, and many useful computing techniques. I believe it would be a very useful reference book for practicing researchers and graduate students who are interested in research topics related to GEE."—CindyYu, Iowa State University in the Journal of the American Statistical Association, December 2013"The second edition … adds a few new topics related to various extensions of GEE … [and replaces] outdated S-PLUS codes with R scripts. Also, the number of exercises increased significantly … . For those who want to use this book in the classroom, including me, having extra exercise sets is certainly a welcome addition. … One main strength of this book is its comprehensive coverage of Stata implementation of the GEE. … a valuable reference and is particularly useful for practitioners. It can serve as supplemental reading in longitudinal data analysis classes as well."—Woncheol Jang, Biometrics, September 2013Praise for the First Edition:"… well-written chapters … . The book contains challenging problems in exercises and is suitable to be a textbook in a graduate-level course on estimating functions. The references are up-to-date and exhaustive. … I enjoyed reading [this book] and recommend [it] very highly to the statistical community."—Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, February 2005"[The book] is comprehensive and covers much useful material with formulas presented in detail … a useful and recommendable book both for those who already work with GEE methods and for newcomers to the field."—Per Kragh Andersen, University of Copenhagen, Statistics in Medicine, 2004"Generalized Estimating Equations is the first and only book to date dedicated exclusively to generalized estimating equations (GEE). I find it to be a good reference text for anyone using generalized linear models (GLIM).The authors do a good job of not only presenting the general theory of GEE models, but also giving explicit examples of various correlation structures, link functions and a comparison between population-averaged and subject-specific models. Furthermore, there are sections on the analysis of residuals, deletion diagnostics, goodness-of-fit criteria, and hypothesis testing. Good data-driven examples that give comparisons between different GEE models are provided throughout the book. Perhaps the greatest strength of this book is its completeness. It is a thorough compendium of information from the GEE literature. Overall, Generalized Estimating Equations contains a unique survey of GEE models in an attempt to unify notation and provide the most in-depth treatment of GEEs. I believe that it serves as a valuable reference for researchers, teachers, and students who study and practice GLIM methodology."—Journal of the American Statistics Association, March 2004"Generalized Estimating Equations is a good introductory book for analysing continuous and discrete data using GEE methods ... . This book is easy to read, and it assumes that the reader has some background in GLM. Many examples are drawn from biomedical studies and survey studies, and so it provides good guidance for analysing correlated data in these and other areas."—Technometrics, 2003"Overall, I found this to be a very useful book on GEE, and would recommend it to anyone planning to use GEE models in their data analysis. Both the theory and practical aspects of constructing and analysing such models is covered. Inclusion of code for many of the analyses is an excellent feature."—Ken J. Beath, Macquarie University, Australia, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, April 2017"The second edition … adds a few new topics related to various extensions of GEE … [and replaces] outdated S-PLUS codes with R scripts. Also, the number of exercises increased significantly … . For those who want to use this book in the classroom, including me, having extra exercise sets is certainly a welcome addition. … One main strength of this book is its comprehensive coverage of Stata implementation of the GEE. … a valuable reference and is particularly useful for practitioners. It can serve as supplemental reading in longitudinal data analysis classes as well."—Woncheol Jang, Biometrics, September 2013Praise for the First Edition:"… well-written chapters … . The book contains challenging problems in exercises and is suitable to be a textbook in a graduate-level course on estimating functions. The references are up-to-date and exhaustive. … I enjoyed reading [this book] and recommend [it] very highly to the statistical community."—Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, February 2005"[The book] is comprehensive and covers much useful material with formulas presented in detail … a useful and recommendable book both for those who already work with GEE methods and for newcomers to the field."—Per Kragh Andersen, University of Copenhagen, Statistics in Medicine, 2004"Generalized Estimating Equations is the first and only book to date dedicated exclusively to generalized estimating equations (GEE). I find it to be a good reference text for anyone using generalized linear models (GLIM).The authors do a good job of not only presenting the general theory of GEE models, but also giving explicit examples of various correlation structures, link functions and a comparison between population-averaged and subject-specific models. Furthermore, there are sections on the analysis of residuals, deletion diagnostics, goodness-of-fit criteria, and hypothesis testing. Good data-driven examples that give comparisons between different GEE models are provided throughout the book. Perhaps the greatest strength of this book is its completeness. It is a thorough compendium of information from the GEE literature. Overall, Generalized Estimating Equations contains a unique survey of GEE models in an attempt to unify notation and provide the most in-depth treatment of GEEs. I believe that it serves as a valuable reference for researchers, teachers, and students who study and practice GLIM methodology."—Journal of the American Statistics Association, March 2004"Generalized Estimating Equations is a good introductory book for analysing continuous and discrete data using GEE methods ... . This book is easy to read, and it assumes that the reader has some background in GLM. Many examples are drawn from biomedical studies and survey studies, and so it provides good guidance for analysing correlated data in these and other areas."—Technometrics, 2003Table of ContentsIntroduction. Model Construction and Estimating Equations. Generalized Estimating Equations. Residuals, Diagnostics, and Testing. Programs and Datasets. References. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists.Trade Review"Mammal Societies is an authoritative and magnificently written synthesis of mammalian social behavior. As Tim Clutton-Brock states in the preface, his goal was to �. . .create an integrated account of mammalian societies. . .,� which he achieves with a seamless elegance honed through decades of long-term research on primates, ungulates, and carnivores. The book explains the fundamental theory underlying sociality, and then applies it to understand the diversity of mammalian behavior. Unlike previous syntheses that separate humans from non-human primates, and primates from non-primates, Clutton-Brock masterfully integrates his knowledge of these disparate literatures, and of behavioral diversity in general, to create a genuinely interesting and stimulating overview and synthesis of what we do and do not know about mammalian social behavioral diversity with implications for understanding ourselves.....Throughout, Clutton-Brock clearly deconstructs hypotheses and critically reviews both the logic and the data supporting them...Mammal Societies is a goldmine for graduate students and those establishing new studies about the adaptive value of sociality in any taxa. It would make an outstanding book to read in a graduate seminar and should be on the desk of any graduate student or academic interested in social behavior in any taxa...In summary, Mammal Societies is an intellectual tour de force that will become a citation classic and will set the stage for the next generation of studies on the adaptive value of sociality. Although not an easy read, it is a must read for anyone interested in the diversity of social behavior and its implications for population demography, and the evolution and maintenance of animal sociality..."(Journal of Wildlife Management-December 2016)Shortlisted for the British Ecological Society�s �Marsh Book of the Year Award 2017', which acknowledges the important role that books have on ecology and its development.Table of ContentsPreface, xi Acknowledgements, xiii 1 Social evolution, 1 1.1 Origins, 1 1.2 Sociality and mating systems, 11 1.3 Reproductive competition, 13 1.4 Mate choice, 17 1.5 Parental care, 20 1.6 Cooperation, 24 1.7 Loaded labels, 34 References, 35 2 Female sociality, 47 2.1 Introduction, 47 2.2 Contrasts in female sociality, 47 2.3 Benefits of grouping, 53 2.4 Costs of grouping, 60 2.5 Sociality and fitness, 63 2.6 Comparative sociality, 65 2.7 The distribution of female sociality, 78 2.8 Group coordination, 79 2.9 Consequences of female sociality, 80 3 Female dispersal and philopatry, 94 3.1 Introduction, 94 3.2 Variation in female philopatry and dispersal, 96 3.3 Benefits of philopatry, 102 3.4 Benefits of dispersing, 104 3.5 Species differences in female philopatry, 111 3.6 Social and ecological consequences of female philopatry, 113 References, 115 4 Female mating decisions, 123 4.1 Introduction, 123 4.2 Direct benefits of mate choice to females, 128 4.3 Genetic benefits of mate choice to females, 128 4.4 Female mating preferences, 130 Maturity, 130 4.5 Mate choice copying, 142 4.6 Partner number and post-copulatory mate choice, 142 4.7 Variation in mate choice and partner number, 145 4.8 Consequences of female mating preferences, 146 References, 147 5 Maternal care, 156 5.1 Introduction, 156 5.2 The evolution of maternal care, 156 5.3 Prenatal investment, 162 5.4 Maternal effects, 166 5.5 Lactation and infant care, 170 5.6 Post-weaning investment, 176 5.7 Investment strategies, 180 5.8 Relationships between siblings, 182 5.9 Parent–offspring conflict, 185 5.10 Consequences of maternal care, 187 References, 188 6 Social development, 196 6.1 Introduction, 196 6.2 Social learning, 197 6.3 Social development, 203 6.4 Play, 204 6.5 Social knowledge, 205 6.6 Individual differences and personality, 210 6.7 Traditions, 212 References, 219 7 Communication, 226 7.1 Introduction, 226 7.2 Types of signal, 230 7.3 Signalling in theory and practice, 250 References, 255 8 Competition between females, 263 8.1 Introduction, 263 8.2 Competitive tactics, 267 8.3 Social structure and competition, 273 8.4 Conflict proliferation and limitation, 282 8.5 Consequences of female competition, 285 9 Cooperation between females, 298 9.1 Introduction, 298 9.2 Cooperation in different contexts, 298 9.3 Cheating in theory and practice, 322 9.4 The evolution of cooperation, 323 9.5 Consequences of cooperation, 324 References, 326 10 Mating systems, 333 10.1 Introduction, 333 10.2 Social monogamy, 335 10.3 Polygynous systems, 339 10.4 Genetic mating systems, 359 10.5 Consequences of polygyny, 360 11 Association between males, 373 11.1 Introduction, 373 11.2 Contrasts in the formation and structure of male groups, 373 11.3 Costs of association to males, 379 11.4 Benefits of association to males, 380 11.5 Kinship, familiarity, cooperation and hostility, 384 11.6 The size of male associations, 386 11.7 Contrasts in reproductive skew, 389 11.8 Consequences of male association, 391 References, 395 12 Male dispersal and its consequences, 401 12.1 Introduction, 401 12.2 Variation in dispersal rates by males, 401 12.3 The costs and benefits of dispersal to males,409 12.4 Secondary dispersal by males, 412 12.5 Sex differences in philopatry, 414 12.6 Dispersal distance, 416 12.7 The social and ecological consequences of male dispersal, 418 References, 421 13 Reproductive competition among males, 427 13.1 Introduction, 427 13.2 The benefits and costs of fighting, 427 13.3 Assessment and the evolution of maledisplays, 434 13.4 Adaptive fighting tactics, 445 13.5 Benefits and costs of mate guarding, 445 13.6 Adaptive guarding tactics, 447 13.7 Alternative tactics, 452 13.8 Sperm competition, 453 13.9 Consequences of reproductive competition between males, 456 References, 458 14 Relationships between males in multi-male groups, 466 14.1 Introduction, 466 14.2 The development of dominance, 467 14.3 Dominance and breeding success, 470 14.4 Reproductive skew in multi-male groups, 474 14.5 Dominance, condition and survival, 476 14.6 Coalitions and alliances, 477 14.7 Market models and the dynamics of supportive relationships, 482 14.8 Punishment, retaliation and reconciliation,482 14.9 The consequences of male hierarchies, 484 References, 486 15 Males and females, 493 15.1 Introduction, 493 15.2 Male mate choice, 494 15.3 Manipulation, 496 15.4 Coercion, 496 15.5 Female counter-strategies to male coercion,507 15.6 Male infanticide, 508 15.7 Female counter-strategies to male infanticide, 516 15.8 Post-copulatory sexual conflict, 521 15.9 Demographic consequences of sexual conflict, 521 References, 524 16 Paternal care, 532 16.1 Introduction, 532 16.2 The distribution of paternal care, 533 16.3 Control mechanisms, 543 16.4 Benefits and costs of paternal care, 545 16.5 Tactical investment, 547 16.6 Conflicts between parents, 548 16.7 Male care and the evolution of mating systems, 548 References, 551 17 Cooperative breeding, 557 17.1 Introduction, 557 17.2 Delayed dispersal, 562 17.3 Reproductive suppression, 564 17.4 Reproductive skew, 570 17.5 Benefits and costs of helping, 574 17.6 Division of labour, 580 17.7 Regulation of workload, 584 17.8 The evolution of cooperative breeding, 586 17.9 Consequences of cooperative breeding, 589 References, 594 18 Sex differences, 605 18.1 Introduction, 605 18.2 Body size, 606 18.3 Weaponry, 608 18.4 Ornaments, 610 18.5 Growth, 610 18.6 Nursing, 615 18.7 Social development, 618 18.8 Feeding ecology, 621 18.9 Mortality, 623 18.10 Sex ratios at birth, 626 18.11 Adult sex ratios, 631 References, 633 19 Hominins and humans, 643 19.1 Introduction, 643 19.2 Human evolution, 644 19.3 Life histories, 649 19.4 Sex differences, 653 19.5 Hominin and human societies, 663 19.6 Why us?, 671 References, 673 20 Human behaviour, 680 20.1 Introduction, 680 20.2 Mate choice, 681 20.3 Parental care, 687 20.4 Allo-parental care, 693 20.5 Cooperation, 698 20.6 The human condition, 713 References, 714 Index, 725

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Book SynopsisCytogenetics is the study of the structure and function of chromosomes in relation to phenotypic expression.Chromosomal abnormalities underlie the development of a wide variety of diseases and disorders ranging from Down syndrome to cancer, and are of widespread interest in both basic and clinical research. Cytogenetic Abnormalities: Chromosomal, FISH, and Microarray-Based Clinical Reporting is a practical guide that describes cytogenetic abnormalities, their clinical implications and how best to report and communicate laboratory findings in research and clinical settings. The text first examines chromosomal, FISH, and microarray-based analyses in constitutional disorders. Using these same methodologies, the book''s focus shifts to acquired abnormalities in cancers. Both sections provide illustrative examples of cytogenetic abnormalities and how to communicate these findings in standardized laboratory reports. Providing both a wealth of cytogenetic information, as well Table of ContentsPreface xiv Acknowledgments xv About the companion website xvi Introduction 1 Part 1: Constitutional Analyses 5 Section 1: Chromosome Analysis 7 1 Components of a standard cytogenetics report, normal results and culture failures 9 1.1 Components of a standard cytogenetics report 9 1.2 Prenatal normal results 17 1.3 Neonatal normal results 22 1.4 Normal variants in the population 23 1.5 Disclaimers and recommendations 29 1.6 Culture failures 30 1.7 Contamination 32 2 Mosaicism 35 2.1 Normal results with 30–50 cells examined 37 2.2 Normal and abnormal cell lines 37 2.3 Two or more abnormal cell lines 39 3 Autosomal trisomies – prenatal and livebirths 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Trisomy 21 – Down syndrome 42 3.3 Mosaic trisomy 21 – mosaic Down syndrome 43 3.4 Trisomy 13 – Patau syndrome 44 3.5 Trisomy 18 – Edwards syndrome 45 3.6 Trisomy 8 – mosaic 46 3.7 Trisomy 9 – mosaic 47 3.8 Trisomy 20 – mosaic, prenatal 47 3.9 Trisomy 22 – mosaic, prenatal 48 4 Translocations 51 4.1 Reciprocal (balanced) translocations 51 4.2 Robertsonian translocations 58 5 Inversions and recombinant chromosomes 67 5.1 Risks of spontaneous abortions and liveborn abnormal offspring 67 5.2 Pericentric inversions and their recombinants 67 5.3 Paracentric inversions and their recombinants 71 6 Visible deletions, duplications and insertions 75 6.1 Definitions 75 6.2 Visible duplications 79 6.3 Balanced insertions 80 7 Unidentifiable marker chromosomes, derivative chromosomes, chromosomes with additional material and rings 85 7.1 Marker chromosomes 85 7.2 Derivative chromosomes 87 7.3 Chromosomes with additional material 90 7.4 Ring chromosomes 91 7.5 Homogenously staining regions 94 8 Isochromosomes, dicentric chromosomes and pseudodicentric chromosomes 97 8.1 Isochromosomes/dicentric chromosomes 97 8.2 Pseudodicentric chromosomes 104 9 Composite karyotypes and other complex rearrangements 107 9.1 Composite karyotypes 107 9.2 Complex rearrangements 109 10 Sex chromosome abnormalities 115 10.1 X chromosome aneuploidies – female phenotypes 115 10.2 X and Y chromosome aneuploidies – male phenotypes 120 10.3 X chromosome structural abnormalities 122 10.4 Y chromosome structural abnormalities 128 10.5 46,XX males and 46,XY females 132 10.6 X chromosome translocations 135 11 Fetal demises/spontaneous abortions 143 11.1 Aneuploid rate 143 11.2 Confined placental mosaicism 144 11.3 Hydatidiform moles 145 11.4 Monosomy X in a fetus 146 11.5 Trisomies in a fetus 146 11.6 Double trisomy 149 11.7 Triploidy 150 11.8 Tetraploidy 151 12 Uniparental disomy 155 12.1 Uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 157 12.2 Uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 158 12.3 Uniparental disomy of chromosome 11p15 159 Section 2: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis 161 13 Metaphase analysis 163 13.1 Introduction 163 13.2 Reporting normal results 164 13.3 Common disclaimers 166 13.4 Microdeletions 167 13.5 Microduplications 190 13.6 Fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosome identification 198 13.7 Subtelomere fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis 200 14 Interphase analysis 205 14.1 Introduction 205 14.2 Example report of interphase analysis 206 14.3 Common disclaimers 207 14.4 Reporting normal results 208 14.5 Abnormal prenatal/neonatal results 211 14.6 Abnormal product of conception FISH abnormalities 218 14.7 Molar pregnancies 222 14.8 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 222 15 Integrated chromosome and FISH analyses 231 15.1 ISCN rules and reporting normal results by chromosomes and FISH 232 15.2 ISCN rules and reporting abnormal chromosomes and FISH 233 15.3 ISCN rules and reporting of chromosomes and subtelomere FISH 237 Section 3: Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) 243 16 Bacterial artificial chromosome, oligoarray and single nucleotide polymorphism array methodologies for analysis 245 16.1 Introduction 245 16.2 Clinical utility of chromosomal microarray analysis 250 16.3 Guidelines for classification states 251 16.4 ISCN rules and reporting of normal results 252 16.5 Comments, disclaimers and recommendations 253 17 Microarray abnormal results 257 17.1 Reporting of abnormal results 257 17.2 Loss or gain of a single chromosome 258 17.3 Loss or gain of a whole chromosome complement 262 17.4 Microdeletions 263 17.5 Microduplications 265 17.6 Derivative chromosomes 267 17.7 Variants of unknown significance 269 17.8 Uniparental disomy/loss of heterozygosity/regions of homozygosity 269 17.9 Mosaicism 271 17.10 Common comments in abnormal reports 273 17.11 Microarrays with concurrent FISH studies and/or chromosome studies 274 17.12 Microarrays with concurrent parental studies 274 17.13 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis testing 275 17.14 Non-invasive prenatal testing 276 18 Pathogenic chromosomal microarray copy number changes by chromosome order 285 18.1 Chromosome 1 285 18.2 Chromosome 2 287 18.3 Chromosome 3 289 18.4 Chromosome 4 290 18.5 Chromosome 5 291 18.6 Chromosome 7 292 18.7 Chromosome 8 293 18.8 Chromosome 14 294 18.9 Chromosome 15 294 18.10 Chromosome 16 296 18.11 Chromosome 17 298 18.12 Chromosome 19 301 18.13 Chromosome 22 302 18.14 Chromosome X 306 19 Integrated reports with cytogenetics, FISH and microarrays 315 19.1 Reporting of a deletion 315 19.2 Reporting of a supernumerary chromosome 316 19.3 Reporting of an unbalanced translocation – deletion/duplication 318 19.4 Reporting of multiple abnormal cell lines 322 Part 2: Acquired Abnormalities in Hematological and Tumor Malignancies 325 Section 1: Chromosome Analysis 327 20 Introduction 329 20.1 Description of World Health Organization classification for hematological malignancies 332 20.2 Description of different tumor types with significant cytogenetic abnormalities 332 20.3 Set-up and analysis of specific cultures for optimal results 333 20.4 Nomenclature rules for normal and simple abnormal results 336 20.5 Common report comments for hematological malignancies 338 21 Results with constitutional or other non-neoplastic abnormalities 347 21.1 Possible constitutional abnormalities observed 347 21.2 Age-related abnormalities 349 21.3 Non-clonal aberrations 351 21.4 No growth and poor growth 354 22 Cytogenetic abnormalities in myeloid disorders 357 22.1 Introduction to myeloid disorders 357 22.2 Individual myeloid abnormalities by chromosome order 360 23 Cytogenetic abnormalities in lymphoid disorders 395 23.1 Introduction to lymphoid disorders 395 23.2 Hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy 396 23.3 Individual lymphoid abnormalities by chromosome order 398 24 Common biphenotypic abnormalities and secondary changes 423 24.1 Translocation (4;11)(q21;q23) 423 24.2 Del(9q) 424 24.3 Translocation (11;19)(q23;p13.3) 424 24.4 Del(12)(p11.2p13) 425 24.5 Trisomy 15 425 24.6 i(17q) 426 25 Reporting complex abnormalities and multiple cell lines 429 25.1 Stemline and sideline abnormalities 430 25.2 Unrelated abnormal clones 434 25.3 Composite karyotypes 435 25.4 Double minute chromosomes 436 25.5 Modal ploidy numbers 438 25.6 Multiple abnormal cell lines indicative of clonal evolution 440 26 Breakage disorders 445 26.1 Ataxia telangiectasia 445 26.2 Bloom syndrome 446 26.3 Fanconi anemia 447 26.4 Nijmegen syndrome 448 27 Cytogenetic abnormalities in solid tumors 451 27.1 Clear cell sarcoma 451 27.2 Chondrosarcoma 452 27.3 Ewing sarcoma 453 27.4 Liposarcoma 453 27.5 Neuroblastoma 454 27.6 Rhabdomyosarcoma 455 27.7 Synovial sarcoma 456 27.8 Wilms tumor 456 Section 2: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis 459 28 Introduction to FISH analysis for hematological disorders and solid tumors 461 28.1 General results 462 28.2 Bone marrow transplantation results 468 29 Recurrent FISH abnormalities in myeloid disorders 471 29.1 Individual abnormalities in myeloid disorders by chromosome order 471 29.2 Biphenotypic and therapy-related abnormalities 491 29.3 Panels of probes 492 30 Recurrent FISH abnormalities in lymphoid disorders 499 30.1 Individual abnormalities in lymphoid disorders by chromosome order 499 30.2 Panels of probes 520 31 Integrated reports with cytogenetics and FISH in hematological malignancies 531 31.1 Translocation (9;22) with BCR/ABL1 FISH analysis 531 31.2 Monosomy 7 with a marker chromosome and chromosome 7 FISH analysis 532 31.3 Complex abnormalities with the MDS FISH panel 532 31.4 Complex abnormalities with ALL FISH panel 533 31.5 Complex abnormalities with MM FISH panel 535 31.6 Complex abnormalities with AML FISH panel 536 31.7 Complex abnormalities with AML FISH panel in therapy-related disease 537 32 Recurrent FISH abnormalities in solid tumors using paraffin-embedded tissue 541 32.1 Ewing sarcoma 544 32.2 Liposarcoma 545 32.3 Neuroblastoma 546 32.4 Non-small cell lung cancer 547 32.5 Oligodendroglioma 552 32.6 Rhabdomyosarcoma 554 32.7 Synovial sarcoma 554 33 Breast cancer – HER2 FISH analysis 559 33.1 Common report comments 560 33.2 Example HER2 reports 561 33.3 Genetic heterogeneity 563 34 Bladder cancer FISH analysis 569 34.1 Common report comments 570 34.2 Example reports 570 Section 3: Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) 577 35 Chromosomal microarray analysis for hematological disorders 579 35.1 Introduction 579 35.2 Categories of abnormalities 580 35.3 Complex abnormalities throughout the genome, chromothripsis and homozygosity 581 35.4 Normal results and disclaimers 582 35.5 Example abnormal results in hematological malignancies 583 36 Chromosomal microarrays for tumors 595 36.1 Introduction and disclaimers 595 36.2 Breast cancer 596 36.3 Lung cancer 604 36.4 Colon cancer 606 36.5 Prostate cancer 607 36.6 Unspecified tumor present 607 37 Integrated reports with chromosomes, FISH and microarrays 611 37.1 Homozygous deletion of 9p21 identified by FISH and CMA 611 37.2 Identifying marker chromosomes by chromosome analysis, FISH and CMA 612 37.3 Unbalanced translocation identification by chromosomes, FISH and CMA 614 Appendix 1: Example assay-specific reagent (ASR) FISH validation plan for constitutional disorders and hematological malignancies on fresh tissue 617 Glossary 623 Index 641

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals: Transforming Proteins and Genes into Drugs, Second Edition addresses the pivotal issues relating to translational science, including preclinical and clinical drug development, regulatory science, pharmaco-economics and cost-effectiveness considerations. The new edition also provides an update on new proteins and genetic medicines, the translational and integrated sciences that continue to fuel the innovations in medicine, as well as the new areas of therapeutic development including cancer vaccines, stem cell therapeutics, and cell-based therapies.Trade Review“Overall, this book provides a valuable resource that can be utilized as a quick look-up guide and, more importantly, as an educational tool that can be used in strategic planning. The presentation style provides comprehensive information amenable to a diverse audience.” (Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30 October 2014)Table of ContentsContributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Preface to the First Edition xix Acknowledgments xxi Organization of the Book xxiii User Agreement xxv Part I Transforming Proteins and Genes into Drugs—The Science and the Art 1 1 Introduction to Biopharmaceuticals 3 Abstract 3 1.1 Background and Significance 4 1.2 Translation of Biotechnology for Developing Biopharmaceuticals 7 1.3 Historical Perspective of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 8 1.4 Distinctions between Chemical Drugs Versus Biopharmaceuticals 8 1.5 Summary 10 2 Distinctions of Biologic Versus Small Molecule Platforms in Drug Development 13 Abstract 13 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Transforming New Molecules into Drugs: The Drug Development Process 14 2.3 Key Differences between Biotechnology and Chemical Products 16 2.4 Current Trends in Drug Development 18 2.5 Summary 22 3 Financing Biologic Drug Development 23 Abstract 23 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 The Role of the Orphan Drug Act 27 3.3 Clinical Leverage Strategy in Accelerating Drug Development 30 3.4 Therapeutic Target Considerations 32 3.5 Evolving Trends 34 3.6 Summary 36 4 Application of Biotechnology in Drug Discovery and Early Development 39 Abstract 39 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Data Mining, Molecular Cloning, and Characterization 40 4.3 Optimization of Cell Expression Systems and Product Yield 50 4.4 Molecular Optimization 51 4.5 Proteins and Genes as Targets for Drug Discovery and Development 56 4.6 Summary 58 5 Large-Scale Production of Recombinant Proteins 63 Abstract 63 5.1 Introduction 64 5.2 Yield Optimization in Genetic Constructs and Host Cells 65 5.3 Large-Scale Cultivation of Host Cells 66 5.4 Downstream Processing and Purification 70 5.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 75 5.6 Summary 77 6 Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Dosage and Response 79 Abstract 79 6.1 Introduction 80 6.2 Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 80 6.3 Dose and Therapeutic Response 95 6.4 Dosage Form and Route of Administration 97 6.5 Summary 99 7 Clinical Evaluation and Regulatory Approval and Enforcement of Biopharmaceuticals 103 Abstract 103 7.1 Introduction: Biologic Drug Development and Approval 104 7.2 Licensing of Biological Products 104 7.3 Preclinical and Clinical Testing 107 7.4 FDA Review and Approval Process 114 7.5 Regulatory Enforcement 118 7.6 Globalization of Drug Approval (Chien*) 118 7.7 Summary 122 8 Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Pricing (Garrison*) 125 Abstract 125 8.1 Introduction: Pharmacoeconomics 126 8.2 Cost-Effectiveness: Assessing the Value of Biopharmaceuticals 126 8.3 The Cost of Developing Biopharmaceuticals 128 8.4 Pricing Biopharmaceuticals 131 8.5 Drug Development Incentives 133 8.6 Economics of Biosimilars 133 8.7 Economic Impact of Personalized Medicine 134 8.8 Summary and Future Challenges 135 Part II Therapeutic and Clinical Applications of Biopharmaceu ticals—Proteins and Nucleic Acids 137 9 Antibodies and Derivatives 139 Abstract 139 Section One 140 9.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 140 9.1.1 Introduction 140 9.1.2 Historical Perspective—Discovery, Classification, Biodistribution, and Physiological Characteristics of Antibody Molecules 140 9.1.3 Gamma Globulin and Hyperimmune Globulin 144 9.1.4 Monoclonal Antibodies—From Mouse, Mouse-Human Chimeric, Humanized, to Human Monoclonal Antibodies 145 9.1.5 Antibody Derivatives 147 9.1.6 Disposition of Antibodies 149 9.1.7 Extravascular Tissue Penetration 155 9.1.8 Mechanisms of Antibody Bioactivities 156 9.1.9 Antibody Conjugates 156 9.1.10 Antibodies and Derivatives in Development 158 9.1.11 Summary 159 Section Two 162 9.2 Antibodies and Derivatives Monographs List 162 9.3 Antibodies and Derivatives Monographs 163 10 Hematopoietic Growth and Coagulation Factors 211 Abstract 211 Section One 212 10.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 212 10.1.1 Introduction 212 10.1.2 Hematopoietic Growth and Coagulation Factors 212 10.1.3 Therapeutic Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors (Molineux, Elliott*) 218 10.1.4 Therapeutic Use of Coagulation and Anticoagulation Factors 225 10.1.5 Summary 229 Section Two 231 10.2 Hematopoietic Growth and Coagulation Factors List 231 10.3 Hematopoietic Growth and Coagulation Factors Monographs 231 11 Cytokines and Interferons 251 Abstract 251 Section One 252 11.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 252 11.1.1 Introduction 252 11.1.2 Interleukins as Immunotherapeutics 252 11.1.3 Interferon Biology and Cancer Therapy (Tiu, Koon, Borden*) 256 11.1.4 Interferons as Antiviral Therapy 271 11.1.5 Interferons in Multiple Sclerosis 275 11.1.6 Summary 280 Section Two 288 11.2 Cytokines and Interferons Monographs List 288 11.3 Cytokines and Interferons Monographs 288 12 Hormones 307 Abstract 307 Section One 308 12.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 308 12.1.1 Introduction 308 12.1.2 Peptide Hormones and Clinical Significance 308 12.1.3 Therapeutic Application of Recombinant and Synthetic Hormones 309 12.1.4 Summary 318 Section Two 320 12.2 Hormones Monographs List 320 12.3 Hormones Monographs 320 13 Enzymes 357 Abstract 357 Section One 358 13.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 358 13.1.1 Introduction 358 13.1.2 Enzyme Replacement Therapy 359 13.1.3 Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents 365 13.1.4 Summary and Future Prospects 368 Section Two 370 13.2 Enzymes Monographs List 370 13.3 Enzymes Monographs 370 14 Vaccines (Hu, Ho*) 389 Abstract 389 Section One 390 14.1 Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications 390 14.1.1 Vaccines and Their Impact on Human Health 390 14.1.2 How Vaccines Work: Interplay among Immune System, Diseases, and Vaccines 393 14.1.3 Traditional Vaccine Approaches 394 14.1.4 Subcellular and Recombinant Subunit Vaccines 395 14.1.5 Vaccine Adjuvants 398 14.1.6 Mode and Route of Vaccine Delivery 400 14.1.7 Future Directions 403 14.1.8 Summary 405 Section Two 409 14.2 Vaccines Monographs List 409 14.3 Vaccines Monographs 409 15 Other Biopharmaceutical Products 417 Abstract 417 15.1 Other Biopharmaceutical Products Monographs List 418 15.2 Other Biopharmaceutical Products Monographs 418 Part III Future Directions 425 16 Advanced Drug Delivery 427 Abstract 427 16.1 Introduction 428 16.2 Drug Therapeutic Index and Clinical Impact 429 16.3 Routes of Therapeutic Protein Administration 430 16.4 Physiological and Mechanistic Approaches 436 16.5 Approaches Using Devices 458 16.6 Molecular Approaches 460 16.7 Summary 465 17 Advances in Personalized Medicine: Pharmacogenetics in Drug Therapy 471 Abstract 471 17.1 Introduction to Interindividual Variation 472 17.2 Historical Perspective on Pharmacogenetics in Drug Safety and Efficacy 473 17.3 Pharmacogenetics in Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics 478 17.4 Pharmacogenetics in Drug Effects and Pharmacodynamics 483 17.5 Individualized Gene-Based Medicine: A Mixed Blessing 487 17.6 Current and Future Prospects of Pharmacogenetics 490 17.7 Summary 492 18 Gene and Cell Therapy 495 Abstract 495 18.1 Overview 496 18.2 General Strategies in Gene and Cell Therapy 499 18.3 Gene and Cell Therapy for Select Medical Conditions 501 18.4 Gene Therapy Research, Development, and Clinical Use (Sullivan*) 506 18.5 Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine and Diagnostics (Kelly*) 509 18.6 Summary 513 19 Integration of Discovery and Development: The Role of Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics 517 Abstract 517 19.1 Overview 518 19.2 Integration of Discovery and Development of Therapeutic Candidates 520 19.3 Genomics: The First Link between Sequences and Drug Targets 521 19.4 Proteomics: From Sequences to Functions 524 19.5 Metabolomics: Metabolic Profile Elucidation 528 19.6 Integrating Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Tools to Accelerate Drug Development 530 19.7 Summary 532 20 Pharmacoeconomics, Outcome, and Health Technology Assessment Research in Drug Development 535 Abstract 535 20.1 Introduction: Health-Care Decisions and Health Outcomes 536 20.2 Integration of Pharmacoeconomic Outcome Research in Clinical Drug Development 538 20.3 Regional Differences in the Type of Evidence and Value Data Essential for Health-Care and Reimbursement Decisions 541 20.4 Biopharmaceutical Company Strategies 542 20.5 Summary 545 20.6 Acknowledgments 546 21 Future Prospects 547 Abstract 547 21.1 Progress and Benefits in Transforming Proteins and Genes into Biopharmaceuticals 548 21.2 Genomic Information Improves Safety and Production Cost of Biopharmaceuticals 548 21.3 The Business of Biopharmaceuticals and Economic Impacts 549 21.4 Influence of Biopharmaceuticals on Pharmaceutical Research, Development, and the Drug Industry 549 21.5 Public–Private Partnership in Financial and Regulatory Support to Improve Translational Success 550 21.6 Biopharmaceuticals and Public Health Benefits 551 21.7 Public Participation and Influence on Biopharmaceutical Development 551 21.8 Outlook 552 Appendix I. Dosage Form, Pharmacokinetics, and Disposition Data 555 Appendix II. Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Use 581 Appendix III. Nomenclature of Biotechnology Products 617 Appendix IV. Other Information 621 Index 633 Color plate section is located between pages 210 and 211.

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Book SynopsisThis is a practical guide to the Arctic's natural history - sky, atmosphere, terrain, ice, the sea, plants, birds, mammals, fish and insects - for those who will experience the Arctic firsthand and also for armchair travellers.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis chunky Complete Revision & Practice book covers both years of the Edexcel A A-Level Biology course! Every topic is clearly explained with straightforward revision notes, helpful examples and full-colour diagrams. We've also included practice questions and exam-style questions (with answers) throughout the book, plus plenty of in-depth advice on how to score top marks in the exams and practical assessments. And finally, you can use the code printed inside the book to access a free Online Edition of the whole thing on your PC, Mac or tablet! Looking for more help with the maths you''ll need for A-Level Biology? Try our Essential Maths Skills book (9781847623232)!

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Book SynopsisPortrays the life and evolutionary times of marine mammals - from giant whales and sea cows that originated 55 million years ago to the deep diving elephant seals and clam-eating walruses of modern times. This title gives an account of the origin of various marine mammal lineages, some extinct, others extant but threatened.Trade Review"Engaging... Stimulating... A compelling story of the history and biology of marine mammals that will delight while it informs readers." -- Alexander J. Werth Bioscience "A good introduction to marine mammal evolution." -- Ian Paulsen The Guardian "Rarely does one have the opportunity to read a book that is written in an enjoyable and accessible way, scientifically accurate, and based in a wide and updated range of literature." -- Carolina Loch, University of Otago, New Zealand Marine Mammal Science "The writing is simple and informative, the line drawings and other illustrations are excellent, and we have here a primer of what it is to be a marine animal..." -- Bernd Wursig The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. Marine Mammals Major Groups of Marine Mammals Discovering, Naming, and Classifying Marine Mammals Reconstructing the Hierarchy of Marine Mammals Adaptations and Exaptations What Is a Species and How Do New Species Form? Where Do They Live and Why Are They Where They Are? 2. Past Diversity in Time and Space,Paleoclimates, and Paleoecology Fossils and Taphonomy The Discovery of the First Fossil Marine Mammal (a Whale) The Importance of Fossils How Do We Know the Age of a Fossil? How Do We Know Where Marine Mammals Were? Marine Mammal Diversity and Communities Through Time What Led Marine Mammals Back to the Sea? 3. Pinniped Diversity, Evolution, and Adaptations The Earliest Pinnipeds: Webbed Feet or Flippers? Crown Pinnipeds Desmatophocids: Extinct Phocid Relatives Evolutionary Trends Structural and Functional Innovations and Adaptations Mating and Social Systems, Reproduction, and Life History 4. Cetartiodactylan Diversity, Evolution, and Adaptations Early Whales Had Legs! Crown Cetacea (Neoceti) Evolutionary Trends Structural and Functional Innovations and Adaptations Mating and Social Systems, Reproduction, and Life History 5. Diversity, Evolution, and Adaptations of Sirenians and Other Marine Mammals Walking Sea Cows! Crown Sirenia Evolutionary Trends Structural and Functional Innovations and Adaptations Mating and Social Systems, Reproduction and Life History Desmostylians Aquatic Sloths Marine Otters Polar Bears 6. Ecology and Conservation What Marine Mammals Eat and What Eats Them Interactions Between Human and Marine Mammals: Lessons Learned Extinction: The Rule, Not the Exception Glossary Further Reading and Online Sources Illustration Credits Index

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Book Synopsis*Contemporary, Broad Coverage covers every aspect of the rapidly changing field of proteomics from *Coherent and Student friendly based on the highly successful course developed by the author at Manchester University.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Are the Tasks in Proteomics? 1 1.2 Challenges in Proteomics 5 1.3 Proteomics in Relation to Other -omics and System Biology 10 1.4 Some General Applications of Proteomics 12 1.5 Structure of the Book 18 References 18 2 Separation and Detection Technologies 21 2.1 Introduction to Experimental Strategies in Proteomics 21 2.2 Gel-Based Separation 31 2.3 Visualization and Analysis of Proteins/Peptides in Gels 40 2.4 Gel-Free Separation Technologies 54 2.5 Visualization of Proteins/Peptides from Hyphenated Methods 74 2.6 Chips in Proteomic Applications 81 References 81 3 Analysis of Peptides/Proteins by Mass Spectrometry 83 3.1 Basic Principles of Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics 83 3.2 Ionization Methods for Small Amounts of Biomolecules 101 3.3 Mass Analyzers and Mass Spectrometers 116 3.4 Concluding Remarks on Mass Analyzers for Proteomics 170 References 170 4 Analysis and Interpretation of Mass Spectrometric and Proteomic Data 173 4.1 Introduction 173 4.2 Analysis of MS Data 174 4.3 Analysis of MS/MS Data 192 4.4 Quantification of LC MS and MS/MS Data from Complex Samples 209 4.5 Bioinformatic Approaches for Mass Spectrometric Proteome Data Analysis 213 References 218 5 Strategies in Proteomics 221 5.1 Imaging Mass Spectrometry 221 5.2 Qualitative Proteomics 223 5.3 Differential and Quantitative Proteomics 234 5.4 Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications 257 5.5 Interaction Proteomics 261 5.6 Proteomics as Part of Integrated Approaches 266 References 271 Index 275

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Boyd is at his best when he explains how norm construction occurs and how cultural transmission of complicated information can spread throughout a group. The work is thought-provoking." * Publishers Weekly *"In this lucid, well-argued treatise, anthropologist Robert Boyd avers that we are 'culture-saturated creatures', and that it is culturally transmitted knowledge that sets us apart and explains our dramatic range of behaviours, from rampant violence to great feats of cooperation."---Barbara Kiser, Nature"A Different Kind of Animal is a fascinating introduction to a fertile field of cultural research that should be better-known. Approachable and clearly argued, it is a brave revival of the autonomy of culture and a breath of fresh air for those tired of the narrow claims of evolutionary psychology." * Cosmos *"Boyd’s latest book is a clear exposition of his cultural evolutionary view of human evolution."---Thomas J.H. Morgan, Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and illustrates the results of more than 15 years of elegant experimental studies conducted by the author to investigate how a colony of bees is organized to gather its resources. The results of his research offer the clearest, most detailed picture available of how a highly integrated animal society works.Trade ReviewSeeley’s well-developed cycle of observation and experiment, modelling, computer simulation and prediction formulation shows an exemplary approach to sociobiology… The book is clearly a labour of love, recounting marvels of integration and making for a pleasing contrast to the spreading orthodoxy of the social insect colony as a cauldron of conflict, where insects stepping out of line are punished or have their eggs eaten. -- Ross H. Crozier * Nature *I recommend this book highly to behavioral biologists and all scientists interested in understanding the organization of complex systems, at both the macro- and microscopic levels… [An] important book… It is a labor of love that radiates Seeley’s passion both for his beloved honey bees and for the research that can be performed with them to illuminate the mysteries of social life. -- Gene E. Robinson * American Scientist *This book is about the inner workings of one of nature’s most complex animal societies: the honey bee colony. It describes and illustrates the results of more than fifteen years of elegant experimental studies conducted by the author. In his investigations, Thomas Seeley has sought the answer to the question of how a colony of bees is organized to gather its resources. The results of his research—including studies of the shaking signal, tremble dance, and waggle dance, and other, more subtle means by which information is exchanged among bees—offer the clearest, most detailed picture available of how a highly integrated animal society works. * American Bee Journal *[A] well-written book…contain[ing] a wealth of detail. * Apicultural Abstracts *They say good scientists are judged not by their answers but by their questions. By this measure Tom Seeley must be amongst the great bee scientists. He has asked the questions whose answers illustrate the great wisdom of the hive… Space here does not allow me to pay proper justice to this marvellous book. Most beekeepers already think their bees are pretty smart—this book will only increase your admiration. A good value textbook and essential reading for all who dare to lecture on honeybee biology. * Beekeeping & Development [UK] *A terrific contribution that will build on the work of Martin Lindauer and Karl von Frisch. Seeley stands on their shoulders, but he is seeing new vistas. Others have asked what bees know, but Seeley explores new ground, asking how bees handle information and how this leads to reallocation of labor in the hive. -- Timothy H. Goldsmith, Yale UniversityTable of ContentsPART I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Issues 1.1. The Evolution of Biological Organization 1.2. The Honey Bee Colony as a Unit of Function 1.3. Analytic Scheme 2. The Honey Bee Colony 2.1. Worker Anatomy and Physiology 2.2. Worker Life History 2.3. Nest Architecture 2.4. The Annual Cycle of a Colony 2.5. Communication about Food Sources 2.6. Food Collection and Honey Production 3. The Foraging Abilities of a Colony 3.1. Exploiting Food Sources over a Vast Region around the Hive 3.2. Surveying the Countryside for Rich Food Sources 3.3. Responding Quickly to Valuable Discoveries 3.4. Choosing among Food Sources 3.5. Adjusting Selectivity in Relation to Forage Abundance 3.6. Regulating Comb Construction 3.7. Regulating Pollen Collection 3.8. Regulating Water Collection Summary PART II. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 4. Methods and Equipment 4.1. The Observation Hive 4.2. The Hut for the Observation Hive 4.3. The Bees 4.4. Sugar Water Feeders 4.5. Labeling Bees 4.6. Measuring the Total Number of Bees Visiting a Feeder 4.7. Observing Bees of Known Age 4.8. Recording the Behavior of Bees in the Hive 4.9. The Scale Hive 4.10. Censusing a Colony 5. Allocation of Labor among Forage Sites How a Colony Acquires Information about Food Sources 5.1. Which Bees Gather the Information? 5.2. Which Information Is Shared? 5.3. Where Information Is Shared inside the Hive 5.4. The Coding of Information about Profitability 5.5. The Bees' Criterion of Profitability 5.6. The Relationship between Nectar-Source 5.7. The Adaptive Tuning of Dance Thresholds 5.8. How a Forager Determines the Profitability of a Nectar Source Summary How a Colony Acts on Information about Food Sources 5.9. Employed Foragers versus Unemployed Foragers 5.10. How Unemployed Foragers Read the Information on the Dance Floor? 5.11.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together 20 scientists who have worked on all aspects of horseshoe crab biology to compile the first fully detailed, comprehensive view of Limulus polyphemus. An indispensable resource, the volume describes behavior, natural history, and ecology; anatomy, physiology, distribution, development, and life cycle.Trade ReviewOverall, The American Horseshoe Crab is a fine compendium of information, one I will refer to frequently. The volume also provides an essential tool for anyone involved with developing the regulations that will be required to protect this intriguing species in perpetuity. -- Mark S. Garland * Science *[This] has to be the most thorough book on this amazing creature ever written or ever likely to be written. It is a compilation of essays by some of the crab's foremost researchers...It would be a sad loss if this book were destined merely for reference shelves and university libraries. Each section has its entry point for the novice, its tidbit of fascinating information, ripe for mining by anyone with an inquisitive mind. -- Sandy Bauers * Philadelphia Inquirer *Look inside The American Horseshoe Crab and you'll find everything you ever wanted to know about these living trilobite lookalikes from their much filmed shoreline mating to their historic use as fertiliser. This wonderfully illustrated and detailed compendium of information about the horseshoe or king crab is a must for anyone interested in marine arthropods both fossil and living. -- Douglas Palmer * New Scientist *This book is a superbly produced synthesis of modern knowledge, in 15 chapters written by 20 experts. It is fully illustrated, with 33 colour plates and many line drawings, and there is an extensive bibliography...This scholarly text is essential for all serious students of arthropods. And it is eminently readable, too. -- Euan N. K. Clarkson * BBC Wildlife *Table of ContentsPreface Prologue Robert B. Barlow 1. Synchronies in Migration: Shorebirds, Horseshoe Crabs, and Delaware Bay Mark L. Botton and Brian A. Harrington, with Nellie Tsipoura and David Mizrahi Research Note 1.1 Physiological Ecology of Shorebirds during Migration through the Delaware Bay Area Research Note 1.2 The Importance of Weather Systems and Energy Reserves to Migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers 2. Nesting Behavior: A Shoreline Phenomenon H. Jane Brockmann Exhibit 2.1 Questions about Behavior Exhibit 2.2 Decision Making in Animals Exhibit 2.3 Studying Behavioral Adaptations 3. Male Competition and Satellite Behavior H. Jane Brockmann Exhibit 3.1 Language and Explanation in Behavior Exhibit 3.2 The Process of Fertilization Exhibit 3.3 Paternity Analysis in Horseshoe Crabs 4. Seeing at Night and Finding Mates: The Role of Vision Robert B. Barlow and Maureen K. Powers 5. Growing Up Takes about Ten Years and Eighteen Stages Carl N. Shuster, Jr., and Koichi Sekiguchi Exhibit 5.1 Paths Taken: How the Authors Got Started 6. Horseshoe Crabs in a Food Web: Who Eats Whom? Mark L. Botton and Carl N. Shuster, Jr., with John A. Keinath Research Note 6.1 Predation of Horseshoe Crabs by Loggerhead Sea Turtles 7. A History of Skeletal Structure: Clues to Relationships among Species Carl N. Shuster, Jr., and Lyall I. Anderson Exhibit 7.1 Horseshoe Crab Look-Alikes Exhibit 7.2 What Are Horseshoe Crabs? 8. Throughout Geologic Time: Where Have They Lived? Lyall I. Anderson and Carl N. Shuster, Jr. 9. Coping with Environmental Changes: Physiological Challenges David W. Towle and Raymond P. Henry Exhibit 9.1 Cell Volume Regulation or Blood Ion Regulation? Exhibit 9.2 Epithelial Cell Structure and Function Exhibit 9.3 Hemocyanin, the Oxygen-Carrying Protein Exhibit 9.4 Glossary of Terms 10. Diseases and Symbionts: Vulnerability Despite Tough Shells Louis Leibovitz and Gregory A. Lewbart Exhibit 10.1 Dr. Louis Leibovitz Exhibit 10.2 How to Study a Disease Exhibit 10.3 Pathological and Biological Terminology Exhibit 10.4 A Key to the Identification of Diseases of Limulus Exhibit 10.5 Maintaining Limulus in Captivity 11. A Blue Blood: The Circulatory System Carl N. Shuster, Jr. 12. Internal Defense against Pathogenic Invasion: The Immune System Peter B. Armstrong Exhibit 12.1 Glossary 13. Clotting Cells and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate: An Amazing Analytical Tool Jack Levin, H. Donald Hochstein, and Thomas J. Novitsky 14. King Crab Fertilizer: A Once-Thriving Delaware Bay Industry Carl N. Shuster, Jr. 15. Horseshoe Crab Conservation: A Coast-Wide Management Plan Carl N. Shuster, Jr., Mark L. Botton, and Robert E. Loveland Authors and Contributors References Acknowledgments Index

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Book SynopsisOf major economic, environmental and social importance, industrial microbiology involves the utilization of microorganisms in the production of a wide range of products, including enzymes, foods, beverages, chemical feedstocks, fuels and pharmaceuticals, and clean technologies employed for waste treatment and pollution control. Aimed at undergraduates studying the applied aspects of biology, particularly those on biotechnology and microbiology courses and students of food science and biochemical engineering, this text provides a wide-ranging introduction to the field of industrial microbiology. The content is divided into three sections: key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring the versatility of microorganisms, their diverse metabolic activities and products industrial microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products investigation of a wide rangeTrade Review"In today's world, it is important that students understand the fundamentals, but it is also important that the application of these concepts be encouraged. Moreover, a vision of how concepts can be applied often fuels thirst for basic knowledge. In this respect, Industrial Microbiology is a valuable text." Paul B Rainey, Times Higher Education Supplement, 29 November 2002 "...fascinating overview of the metabolic diversity of microorganisms and the key roles they play in inudstrial processes...an excellent text for undergraduate students. The chapters are consistently well written and the figures and tables supplement the text very well." Bob Sotak, E-Streams, vol 5, no. 12, December 2002 "In view of the advent of 'modern' biotechnologies, the question 'What is biotechnology?' has been asked and discussed broadly during the last decades. One of the best answers to define those activities that characterize the utilization of microorganisms for the production of enzymes and fermentation products is Industrial Microbiology ... Thus, if you are interested in obtaining a rather sound and at the same time comprehensive introduction to enzyme and fermentation technology, including the necessary basic knowledge of relevant micro-organisms, this text could be a good choice." M Roehr, Acta Biotechnolgica, September 2003 Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Introduction To Industrial Microbiology. Part I: Microbial Physiology. 1. Microbial Cell Structure And Function. 2. Microbial Growth And Nutrition. 3. Microbial Metabolism. Part II: Bioprocessing. 4. Industrial Microorganisms. 5. Fermentation Media. 6. Fermentation Systems. 7. Downstream Processing. 8. Product Development, Regulation And Safety. Part III: Industrial Processes And Products. 9. Microbial Enzymes. 10. Fuels And Industrial Chemicals. 11. Health Care Products. 12. Food And Beverage Fermentations. 13. Food Additives. 14. Microbial Biomass Production. 15. Environmental Biotechnology. 16. Microbial Biodeterioration Of Materials And Its Control. 17. Animal And Plant Cell Culture. Index

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Book SynopsisThe Glencoe Biology Student Edition is print book. It is written in a student friendly narrative that will equip students to â Meet science standards Performance Expectations (PEâs).â Integrate Science and Engineering Practices into your science classroomâ Supply the Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIâs)â Correlate your lessons to NGSSâ Encounter STEM projects

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is an exceptional collection of photos... The photos are printed at extremely high resolutions. That many photos and so many birds in 443 pages is asking a lot, but all is crisply delivered."--Jim Williams, Minneapolis Star Tribune's Wingnut blogTable of ContentsIntroduction 6 Species descriptions 12 Swans 12 Geese 14 Shelducks 21 Dabbling ducks 22 Whistling ducks 28 Diving ducks 28 Sea ducks 34 Stifftails 41 Vagrant and exotic ducks 42 Gamebirds 45 Divers (Loons) 55 Grebes 58 Shearwaters and petrels 61 Storm-petrels 66 Rare petrels and albatrosses 67 Frigatebirds 75 Tropicbirds 76 Gannets and boobies 77 Pelicans 80 Cormorants 81 Herons, bitterns and egrets 83 Storks 93 Spoonbills and ibises 94 Spoonbills and storks 96 Flamingos 97 Honey-buzzards 99 Buzzards 101 Snake eagles 105 Kites 106 Vultures 108 Harriers 113 Eagles 117 Osprey and Black-shouldered Kite 126 Accipiters 127 Falcons 129 Rails, crakes and gallinules 137 Cranes 143 Bustards 145 Oystercatcher and Turnstone 148 Stilts and avocets 149 Stone-curlews and coursers 150 Pratincoles 151 Plovers and lapwings 153 Sandpipers 162 Woodcocks and snipes 173 Dowitchers and Upland Sandpiper 176 Godwits 177 Curlews 178 Larger sandpipers 180 Phalaropes 185 Skuas (Jaegers) 187 Gulls 190 Terns 211 Auks 222 Sandgrouse 227 Pigeons and doves 229 Parakeets 234 Cuckoos 235 Owls 238 Nightjars 246 Swifts 248 Contents Kingfishers 251 Rollers 253 Bee-eaters 254 Hoopoe 255 Woodpeckers 256 Larks 262 Swallows and martins 269 Pipits 274 Wagtails 279 Accentors 284 Wren and Dipper 286 Robins and chats 287 Redstarts 291 Stonechats 295 Wheatears 298 Rock thrushes 303 Thrushes 304 Bush warblers and cisticolas 311 Grasshopper warblers 312 Reed warblers 315 Tree warblers 320 Sylvia warblers 324 Leaf warblers 333 Crests 341 Old World flycatchers 343 Tyrant flycatchers 348 Penduline tit and leiothrix 350 Reedling and parrotbill 351 Long-tailed tit 352 Tits 353 Nuthatches 358 Treecreepers 360 Wallcreeper and Golden Oriole 361 Shrikes 362 Crows and jays 370 Starlings 377 Waxwings 379 Bulbuls and mynas 381 Sparrows 382 Introduced exotic finches 386 Finches 389 Buntings 404 Vagrant Nearctic passerines 417 New World warblers 433 Index 434 Photographic credits 444

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Book SynopsisAt the start of the nineteenth century, Passenger Pigeons were perhaps the most abundant birds on the planet, numbering literally in the billions. The flocks were so large and so dense that they blackened the skies, even blotting out the sun for days at a stretch. Yet by the end of the century, the most common bird in North America had vanished froTrade ReviewHonorable Mention for the 2015 National Outdoor Book Awards, Nature and the Environment, NOBA Foundation One of The Independent's Best Nature Books of 2014 Selected for the American Scientist Science Book Gift Guide 2014 One of The Seattle Times 8 Books to Put under a Bird-Lover's Tree 2014 One of The Globe and Mail 75 Book Ideas for Christmas 2014 One of TheAustralian.com's "In the Good Books" 2014 "Lavishly illustrated with rare photographs of the birds... This book provides a general introduction to the history of the passenger pigeon through its collection of rare photographs and other visual materials that most people have not seen before."--Devorah Bennu, The Guardian, GrrlScientist "Visually beautiful... Gives a fine account of the species, its biology and its demise."--Adrian Barnett, New Scientist "A handsome, well-produced volume concentrating on paintings and photographs of the long-lost birds."--Rob Hardy, Columbus Dispatch "A beautifully illustrated, elegantly written 'celebration' of the passenger pigeon and the artists who illustrated and photographed the species... It is a haunting tale, and if you want a readable, engrossing but not lengthy account, I highly recommend this book."--Donna Schulman, 10,000 Birds "Informative... A celebration of this departed species through a mix of prose, paintings and photographs... Filled with interesting tidbits."--Herb Wilson, Portland Press Herald "A timely reminder of just how tenuous life can be for a species, regardless of how numerous they might be. This hardback book is beautifully illustrated. Mr. Fuller has put together a complete natural history of the passenger pigeon drawing upon historical illustrations, photographs, specimens, poems, ornithological journal articles and historical accounts."--Penny Miller, A Charm of Finches "A must have for anyone with an interest in this species."--Ian Paulsen, Birdbooker Report "Beautifully illustrated, this easy-to-read book will appeal to anyone who wishes to understand the concept of extinction."--Jennifer J. Meyer, Orange County Register "From start to finish, the text is informative and entertaining and the photos and artwork are fascinating. Whether you've studied the Passenger Pigeon for years or haven't even heard of the species, I would highly recommend this book."--Rob Ripma, Nutty Birder "Beautifully illustrated, including rare archival images as well as haunting photographs of live birds, this is an evocative memorial to one of the great icons of extinction."--Leslie Geddes-Brown, Country Life "If a picture is worth a thousand words, then Errol Fuller's slim book, The Passenger Pigeon, is surely stuffed full of them... It will probably appeal to younger readers, it is a fast read and it could be a satisfying companion volume to the other two passenger pigeon books that have been recently published."--Grrl Scientist "The most visually beautiful [of recently published books on the passenger pigeon] is Errol Fuller's The Passenger Pigeon, which gives a fine account of the species, its biology and its demise."--Adrian Barnett, New Scientist "[It] is THE monograph for the passenger pigeon. I imagine everyone would learn something from this book. I personally was left with a feeling that we should not stand idle and allow mankind to eradicate any other living species. An excellent read, recommended."--Mike King, Gloster Birder "Written with both clarity and feeling. Most impressive is the breadth and depth of research crammed into what is a relatively slim volume... A masterful summary of what we know about this remarkable bird. To read it is a joy, but one tinged with sadness and regret."--Andy Stoddart, Birdwatch "I would highly recommend reading The Passenger Pigeon by Errol Fuller... Beautifully illustrated."--David Lewis, Birds from Behind "The Passenger Pigeon is an excellent introduction to this bird, what made it so special, and the tragedy of its extinction. If you want to learn about the Passenger Pigeon, or just enjoy the art and photographs, then I'd highly recommend it."--Grant McCreary, Birder's Library "This is a book that should be on every reader's shelf as a reminder as to what we have missed; and to help ensure such an avian tragedy does not occur again."--David Saunders, Bird Watching "[I]f you want to learn more about the Passenger Pigeons, this is a great book to have and to share."--North Durham Nature Newsletter "The heartbreaking illustrated history of a bird that, having once numbered in the billions, vanished from the planet in 1914. On the centenary of the species' extinction Fuller, an expert on extinct birds, reflects on what we lost."--Globe and Mail "A book about a long extinct bird could easily have been a dry, academic tome full of dull facts and figures, but Errol Fuller has managed to avoid this, and instead has produced an engaging book to fire the imagination, to encourage empathy with Martha, alone in her cage for the last four years of her life, to provoke outrage that the species was driven to extinction, and above all, a desire to fight to prevent the same fate befalling others."--Andy Mackay, Grebe "A sad and gorgeous book."--Stephen Romei, Australian "Sumptuously illustrated."--Michael McCarthy, Independent "Passenger Pigeon takes just the opposite approach. Though there is an informative and gracefully written text, this handsome volume tells its stories most eloquently in pictures."--Rick Wright, ABA Blog "Writing in a clear, conversational tone, artist/writer Fuller highlights important aspects of this bird's natural history and its remarkable downhill spiral into oblivion. He provides fascinating accounts of the last wild birds; of 'Martha,' the last of her species, who died in the Cincinnati Zoo; and historical testimony from people who observed the birds' enormous flocks firsthand. Illustrated with numerous historical photographs and exquisite artwork (modern and period), this lasting tribute to one of the most magnificent birds to have ever lived will interest anyone who cares about conservation of the natural world."--Choice "In The Passenger Pigeon, Erroll Fuller brings his artist's eye to a recently popular, much-covered, yet little-understood phenomenon... Fuller's vivid account is the one new book on the species you must buy."--Living Bird Magazine "It is easy to read and thought-provoking, and will be of interest to anyone concerned about conservation today."--Ian Woodward,BTO News "Fuller's book will appeal to a much larger audience and is worth the price just for the photos and illustrations... The Passenger Pigeon should make us vow to never lose another species because of our own greed or neglect."--D.R.K., Wildlife Activist "[L]yrical and artistic. Short enough to hold your attention, detailed enough to convey the essential facts, and elegantly presented."--Alan Knox, Scottish BirdsTable of ContentsPROLOGUE 9 INTRODUCTION 10 THE ANNALS OF EXTINCTION 12 IMAGINE 20 THE BIRD 28 THE DOWNWARD SPIRAL 48 EXTINCTION: THE CAUSES 70 THE LAST CAPTIVES 90 MARTHA 110 ART AND BOOKS 122 QUOTATIONS 148 APPENDIX: A MAGNIFICENT FLYING MACHINE 162 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 170 FURTHER READING 172 INDEX 175

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Book SynopsisCells to Civilizations is the first unified account of how life transforms itself--from the production of bacteria to the emergence of complex civilizations. What are the connections between evolving microbes, an egg that develops into an infant, and a child who learns to walk and talk? Award-winning scientist Enrico Coen synthesizes the growth ofTrade ReviewShortlisted for the 2013 Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books "This attempt at a grand theoretical synthesis within biology explores the transformative powers and creative forces that have brought about the living world from the first cells to the latest developments in cultural and technological evolution... [Coen's] eloquently written book offers a programmatic synthesis and an empirically grounded proposal for a theory of biology... Cells to Civilizations will stimulate many productive discussions about the origins and development of life in all its complexities."--Manfred D. Laubichler, Science "In Cells to Civilization, [Coen] couples his knowledge of genetics with metaphor and art, likening the unfurling of mutant snapdragon flowers to an artist's brushstrokes on an expanding canvas... The book is packed with fascinating facts... [H]uman cultures and minds are among the most complex information systems in nature, and Coen does a good job of reminding us of their roots in evolution."--John Hawks, New Scientist "The ideas [in Cells to Civilizations] are subtle, possibly significant, and slightly unsettling. What more could a reader wish for?"--Robert Schaefer, New York Journal of Books "[Coen's] prose is every bit as good as Richard Dawkins' or Steve Jones', and his rich illustrations, particularly the way he uses classical and modern art to make his points, refreshes the text and keeps one's focus on the arguments. His clever ideas and engaging and creative writing style suggest that he would make a fascinating dinner companion. I loved this book and will put it on the general reading list for our biology undergraduates. I suspect it will also find resonance with the interested layman."--Charalambos P. Kyriacou, Times Higher Education "Cells to Civilizations is a very approachable and thought-provoking reading for everyone involved in education and science."--Monika Biro, American Biology Teacher "Cells to Civilizations is an intelligent and entertaining book by a distinguished biologist."--Robert C. Richardson, BioScience "[Cells to Civilizations] was thought provoking, informative, and fun to read."--Choice "Clearly written ... intriguing, thought-provoking."--Library Journal "What are the connections between evolving microbes, an egg that develops into an infant, a child who learns to walk, and the rise of Ancient Rome? For many years, scientists have generally thought these great transformations--evolution, development, learning, and cultural change--occurred through different mechanisms. But geneticist Enrico Coen, in his pioneering new book Cells to Civilization, reveals that these transformations revolve around shared core principles and manifest the same fundamental recipe. Coen blends provocative discussion, the latest scientific research, and colourful examples to demonstrate the links between these critical stages in the history of life."--Chemicals & Chemistry "Coen's book is ambitious and stimulating... Cells to Civilizations is good material for conversation and a worthwhile read."--Deniz Erezyilmaz, truthdig.com "Do not be daunted by the scope of the book, which is written for a wide audience, although it contains enough science for biologists and anthropologists to ponder and argue with Coen. For the rest, it is an easy read, particularly as the biology it contains is peppered with vignettes drawn from painting and art history, which act as a guide for the more dry science that forms the meat of the argument."--Alfonso Martinez Arias, Development JournalTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION: A RECIPE FOR CHANGE 1 History and Form 3 Life's Creative Recipe 8 CHAPTER ONE: LOOPS AND LOTTERIES 13 Principle of Population Variation 16 Principle of Persistence 20 Principle of Reinforcement 23 Principle of Competition 24 Combining Principles 29 CHAPTER TWO: FROM GENES TO ECOSYSTEMS 34 Principle of Cooperation 36 Principle of Combinatorial Richness 40 Wandering Clouds 44 Principle of Recurrence 48 The Origin of Species 52 Species and Ecosystems 57 A Recipe for Evolution 58 CHAPTER THREE: CONVERSATIONS OF AN EMBRYO 61 Turing's Principles 63 Patterning a Cell 68 Switching Genes On and Off 70 A Molecular Fight 73 Looking into Gradients 76 A Common Form 80 CHAPTER FOUR: COMPLETING THE PICTURE 84 An Embryonic Cocktail Party 85 A Cooperative Eff ort 87 Regulatory Riches 88 Building on the Past 90 The Expanding Canvas 93 Deformation 97 The Three-Dimensional Canvas 105 A Common Recipe 108 CHAPTER FIVE: HISTORY IN THE MAKING 111 Unicellular Beginnings 114 Moving up a Scale 115 Zooming and Growing 118 A Recipe within a Recipe 120 CHAPTER SIX: HUMBLE RESPONSES 122 Making Adjustments 124 Flora's Story 127 The Bite of Venus 132 The Sensible Sea Slug 135 Patterns in Time 140 Human Responses 143 Carving up the World 147 CHAPTER SEVEN: THE NEURAL SIBYL 150 The Prophetic Dog 152 Predictive Neurons 155 Learning from Discrepancies 157 Pavlov and Punishments 163 Core Principles 164 A Neural Journey 168 Staying on the Move 169 A Recipe for Learning 173 CHAPTER EIGHT: LEARNING THROUGH ACTION 175 Calibration 176 Jumping Eyes 178 Visual Shifts 181 Learning to Calibrate 184 Action-Learning Loops 187 Smooth Movements 188 An Active Journey 193 Learning with Others 197 CHAPTER NINE: SEEING AS 200 The Neural Eye 204 Multiple Eyes 208 Seeing through Models 211 Learning at Many Levels 213 Top-down and Bottom-up 216 Competing Interpretations 217 A Question of Style 220 Creative Acts 228 CHAPTER TEN: FRAMING RECIPES 232 Development of Learning 233 Basic Instincts 237 Flexibility versus Directness 242 CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE CRUCIBLE OF CULTURE 244 The Apprentice 245 Fruitful Populations 248 Lasting Change 250 Cultural Reinforcement 252 The Force of Competition 254 Cooperative Eff orts 255 A Cultural Mix 257 Propelled by the Past 260 A Cultural Recipe 263 CHAPTER TWELVE: THE GRAND CYCLE 266 Cultural Origins 267 Possible Worlds 270 Nature's Self-Portrait 275 Acknowledgments 281 Notes 283 References 299 Illustration Credits 307 Index 313

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Mate Choice represents an ambitious synthesis of our current understanding of sexual selection in a broad range of life forms. . . . The book provides a clear synthesis of the state of affairs in the study of mate choice and related fields." * Science *"Rosenthal does an admirable job refocusing decades of work mostly concerned with the effects of (primarily female) mate choice on (primarily male) behavior, physiology, and morphology."---David A. Gray, Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisPresents the study of how animals use visual systems to meet their ecological needs, how these systems have evolved, and how they are specialized for particular visual tasks. This book provides the synthesis of the field to appear in more than three decades.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Textbook/Biological & Life Sciences, Association of American Publishers "[A] beautiful textbook: aesthetically formatted, clearly written, and with many carefully-chosen (and beautiful to look at!) data images that support the concepts presented in each chapter. This is a wonderful resource for grad students and medical students who want a deeper understanding of vision, advanced undergrads as well as well as the curious (educated) layperson."--Grrrl Scientist "A lovely, splendid book... A superb resource that will serve the field well for years to come, I suspect that I could read this book another 20 times and learn something new with each reading. This book will undoubtedly become required reading for all incoming graduate students in this field. I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in how non-human animals see their surroundings."--Rebecca C. Fuller, Ecology "One of the most brilliant textbooks written during the last years."--Brigitte Schoenemann, Anatomy & PhysiologyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations ix Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Light and the Optical Environment 10 3 Visual Pigments and Photoreceptors 37 4 The Optical Building Blocks of Eyes 66 5 The Eye Designs of the Animal Kingdom 91 6 Spatial Vision 116 7 Color Vision 146 8 Polarization Vision 178 9 Vision in Attenuating Media 206 10 Motion Vision and Eye Movements 232 11 Vision in Dim Light 262 12 Visual Orientation and Navigation 289 13 Signals and Camoufl age 313 Glossary 345 References 355 General Index 383 Index of Names 401

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Book SynopsisThe author has worked closely with NASA in its mission to detect habitable worlds outside our solar system. In this book, he introduces readers to the advanced methodologies being used in this extraordinary quest. It is a suitable for those who have ever dreamed of finding other planets like ours - and perhaps even life like ours - in the cosmos.Trade ReviewThis is a very well-written book that serves perfectly as an introduction for the lay reader to astrobiology and the search for life beyond Earth, and it also presents some important and up-to-date material for the specialist researcher. Of particular note for me is Kasting's rebuttal of several aspects of the Rare Earth hypothesis and his discussion of the features that truly are crucial for planetary habitability."--Lewis Dartnell, Times Higher Education" "How to Find a Habitable Planet will fascinate those who care about the evolution of Earth's climate and wonder about how we will eventually detect life--even simple cellular life--elsewhere."--Debra Fischer, Nature "He argues persuasively that Earth's large moon and strong magnetic field are red herrings; neither is a prerequisite for life. The second part of his book is a detailed account of the search for Earth-like exoplanets, and prospects for future success."--New Scientist Kasting's book ... is a readable guide to the many things we have just begun to understand about a solar system."--Tim Radford, The Guardian "Kasting, a key planner for future NASA missions seeking Earth-like exoplanets, possesses a deep understanding of all the multifarious complexities that feed into forming--and finding--living worlds. He writes about these topics, for all their profundity, with remarkable precision and clarity, drawing clear linkages between what we observe through telescopes with what we see right here, in the only biosphere we know. How to Find a Habitable Planet is a canonical guide to the probable future of humanity's search for life elsewhere in the Universe."--SEED Magazine "A 'popular textbook', low on speculation but high on nuts-and-bolts science, it covers everything from the habitable zones around other stars to how to find other Earths. If I had to choose just one of these books, it would be Kasting's."--Marcus Chown, BBC Focus Magazine "Written in a clear and often conversational style--and infused throughout with Kasting's personal optimism regarding the existence of, and our ability to detect, habitable and inhabited worlds beyond our own--this is an informative and worthwhile read for anyone who looks to the stars and wonders if there is anybody out there."--Tori M. Hoehler, Nature Geoscience "As Kasting shows in his technical but readable How to Find a Habitable Planet, we are making rapid progress in discovering planets around distant stars--almost 500 so far."--Clive Cookson, Financial Times "A concise yet thorough scientific explanation of how we can narrow down the search [for habitable planets]... Kasting is a world leader in planetary habitability and works closely with NASA. He gives insight into the latest technology being used to hunt for habitable plants, describes the signatures of life that scientists are looking for and makes his predictions for the future of the field... Thorough and interesting."--Cosmos Magazine "An excellent book on a fascinating topic."--Choice Even if you were not interested in finding intelligence elsewhere in the universe, How to Find a Habitable Planet provides an excellent and accessible account of the formation and history of our own planet, and indeed our solar system."--John Gribbin, Literary Review "In How to Find a Habitable Planet, James Kasting begins by describing various factors that geophysicists, astrobiologists and others have deemed necessary (or at least desirable) for producing planets capable of supporting life... How to Find a Habitable Planet offers an eloquent explanation of why such a mission would still be desirable."--Physics World "[Kasting is] an excellent writer, capable of breaking down complex topics into clear and accessible pieces. That skill makes this first-of-its-kind book not just unique but probably indispensible for students and armchair planetologists."--Charlene Brusso, Ad AstraTable of ContentsPreface xi Part I: Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Past Thinking about Earth-Like Planets and Life 3 The Habitable Zone and the Importance of Liquid Water 5 Carl Sagan and the Drake Equation 9 Other Perspectives on Planetary Habitability: Rare Earth and Gaia 11 Part II: Our Habitable Planet Earth 15 Chapter 2: Critical Updates on How Planets Are Built 17 The Conventional Wisdom regarding Planet Formation 18 Where Did Earth's Water Come From? 21 New Models for Planetary Accretion and Delivery of Water 23 Could Earth's Water Have Come from Comets? 25 An Up-to-Date Simulation of Planetary Accretion 28 Chapter 3: Long-Term Climate Stability 32 Solar Evolution Theory 32 Solar Mass Loss? 36 Electromagnetic Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect 37 Planetary Energy Balance 41 The Faint Young Sun Problem 42 Possible Solutions to the Problem 45 The Carbonate- Silicate Cycle and Controls on Atmospheric CO2 49 The CO2-Climate Feedback Loop 53 Chapter 4: More Wrinkles in Earth's Climate History 57 The Phanerozoic Climate Record 58 Precambrian Climate 63 Geologic Evidence for the Rise of Atmospheric O2 65 Cause of the O2 Rise: Cyanobacteria 68 Methane, Methanogens, and the Universal Tree of Life 71 The Archean Methane Greenhouse 75 The Paleoproterozoic Glaciation 77 Chapter 5: Runaway Glaciation and "Snowball Earth" 80 Milankovitch Cycles and the Recent Ice Ages 81 Ice Albedo Feedback and Climatic Instability 86 Evidence for Low- Latitude Glaciation 88 Mechanisms for Explaining Low- Latitude Glaciation 90 Snowball Earth 92 Part III: Limits to Planetary Habitability 97 Chapter 6: Runaway Greenhouses and the Evolution of Venus' Atmosphere 99 The History of Water on Venus 100 The Classical Runaway Greenhouse Effect 103 An Alternative Runaway Greenhouse Model 106 Evolution of Venus'Atmosphere 111 Chapter 7: The Future Evolution of Earth 116 High- CO2 Atmospheres and Temperature Limits for Life 116 Future Solar Evolution and Lifetime of the Biosphere 118 A Geoengineering Solution to Solar Luminosity Increases 121 Chapter 8: The Martian Climate Puzzle 125 Evidence for Liquid Water near Mars'Surface 126 CH4 in Mars'Atmosphere? 130 Evidence That Water Flowed in Mars'Distant Past 131 When Did the Martian Valleys Form? 135 How Warm Was Early Mars? 136 Mechanisms for Warming Early Mars 138 Where Are the Carbonates? 144 Chapter 9: Is the Earth Rare? 147 Planetary Size / Magnetic Fields 147 Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation 152 Availability of Nitrogen and the Importance of N2 155 Is Plate Tectonics Common? 157 A Planet's Impact Environment 161 Stabilization of Earth's Obliquity by the Moon 164 Chapter 10: Habitable Zones around Stars 171 Historical Attempts to Defi ne the Habitable Zone 171 A More Modern Model for the Habitable Zone around the Sun 176 Hertzsprung- Russell Diagrams and Main Sequence Stars 179 Habitable Zones around Other Stars 181 Problems for Planets Orbiting Early- Type Stars 185 Problems for Planets Orbiting Late- Type Stars 188 Further Extensions of the Habitable Zone Concept 191 The Galactic Habitable Zone 192 Part IV: How to Find Another Earth 195 Chapter 11: Indirect Detection of Planets around Other Stars 197 Barnard's Star 198 The Astrometric Method 199 Pulsar Planets 205 The Doppler Effect 207 The Radial Velocity Method 210 Gravitational Microlensing 216 Chapter 12: Finding and Characterizing Planets by Using Transits 221 Transits of Mercury and Venus 221 Transits of Extrasolar "Hot Jupiters" 222 Space- Based Transit Searches: CoRoT and Kepler 227 Observing Exoplanet Atmospheres during Transits 229 Secondary Transit Spectroscopy 233 Characterizing Earth- Like Planets around M Stars 235 Chapter 13: Direct Detection of Extrasolar Planets 239 What Wavelength Region Should We Choose? 240 Infrared Interferometers: TPF- I and Darwin 245 Searching for Planets at Visible Wavelengths TPF- C 248 The Visible Occulter: TPF- O 253 Nearby Target Stars 254 Chapter 14: The Spectroscopic Search for Life 258 Spectral Resolution 259 The Visible / Near- IR Region: TPF- C or -O 260 The Thermal- IR Region: TPF- I or Darwin 266 Looking for Life on Early Earth- Type Planets 269 Possible False Positives for Life 271 Polarization Measurements: Looking for the Glint of Surface Water 274 The Holy Grail: Simultaneous Detection of O and Reduced Gases 276 Chapter 15: Prospects for the More Distant Future 284 NASA's Life Finder Mission 284 Using the Sun as a Gravitational Lens 287 The Drake Equation Revisited: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 290 Notes 299 Index 317

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Book SynopsisBorn to Jewish radical parents in Chicago in 1939, Judy Cohen grew up to be Judy Chicagoone of the most daring and controversial artists of her generation. Her works, once disparaged and misunderstood by the critics, have become icons of the feminist movement, earning her a place among the most influential artists of her time. In Becoming Judy Chicago, Gail Levin gives us a biography of uncommon intimacy and depth, revealing the artist as a person and a woman of extraordinary energy and purpose. Drawing upon Chicago's personal letters and diaries, her published and unpublished writings, and more than 250 interviews with her friends, family, admirers, and critics, Levin presents a richly detailed and moving chronicle of the artist's unique journey from obscurity to fame, including the story of how she found her audience outside of the art establishment. Chicago revolutionized the way we view art made by and for women and fundamentally changed our understanding of women's contributions to art and to society. Influential and bold, The Dinner Party has become a cultural monument. Becoming Judy Chicago tells the story of a great artist, a leader of the women's movement, a tireless crusader for equal rights, and a complicated, vital woman who dared to express her own sexuality in her art and demand recognition from a male-dominated culture.Trade Review"The sections of the book covering Chicago’s artistic feminist awakening. . .are the best kind of biography—both juicy and educational, full of social and historical context, but also just a dash of gossip (open marriages, feuds with other artists, affairs)." * Hyperallergic *

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Book SynopsisA new edition of a classic on a beloved turtle species. She's the mascot for the University of Maryland's sports teams and her ancestors were nearly driven to extinction by Victorians who indulged in turtle soup. But as she buries herself in the mud every night to sleep, the diamondback terrapin knows none of this. The size of a dinner plate and named for the beautiful concentric rings on her shell, she can live at least forty years and is the only turtle in North America who can live in brackish and salty waters. Several diamondback populations have been the subjects of ecological studies in recent years, but most of that information was buried in scientific literature and various state and federal reports-until this book. Synthesizing all known research on this remarkable animal, Diamonds in the Marsh is the first full-scale natural history of the diamondback terrapin. Focusing on the northern diamondback, Barbara Brennessel examines its evolution, physiology, adaptations, behavior, growth patterns, life span, genetic diversity, land use, reproduction, and early years. She also discusses its relationship to humans, first as an important food source from colonial times through the nineteenth century, and more recently as a cultural icon, frequently depicted in Native American art and design. She concludes with a look at contemporary hazards to the terrapin and urges continued study of this marvelous creature. Updated with a new introduction by Brennessel, and with a foreword by Bob Prescott, former executive director of Massachusett's Audubon Wellfleet Bay Sanctuary, Diamonds of the Marsh is perfect for those interested in the conservation of a species.Trade Review“Environmentalists, ecologists, and marine biologists will delight in this meticulously detailed but highly readable look at the only North American turtle species that can tolerate the ‘fresh water, salt water, and everything in between.’” * Publishers Weekly *"A serious treatment of the natural history of one of the most beloved creatures of the Eastern Seaboard. . . well illustrated with photographs." * Natural New England Magazine *"A comprehensive natural history such as Diamonds in the Marsh is an invaluable tool in the study and conservation of a species, and can provide a solid foundation for future research, conservation, and management decisions. Brennessel effectively pulls together the bulk of literature on the diamondback and communicates it to the reader in a generally clear, uncluttered fashion so as to make it not only a resource for researchers, but also an interesting read for reptile aficionados." * Herpetological Review *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. A Decidedly Unique Creature Chapter 2. A Coast-Hugging Turtle Chapter 3. Reproduction: Insurance for Species Survival Chapter 4. The Lost Years Chapter 5. A Clear and Present Danger for the Most Celebrated of American Reptiles Chapter 6. Learning from the Past; Peering into the Future Bibliography Index

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