Biodiversity / Ecosystems Books

Book SynopsisA plastic box with a lightbulb attached may seem like an odd birthday present. But for ecologist Tim Blackburn, a moth trap is a captivating window into the world beyond the roof terrace of his London flat. Whether gaudy or drab, rare or common, each moth ensnared by the trap is a treasure with a story to tell. In The Jewel Box, Blackburn introduces these mysterious visitors, revealing how the moths he catches reflect hidden patterns governing the world around us. With names like the Dingy Footman, Jersey Tiger, Pale Mottled Willow, and Uncertain, and at least 140,000 identified species, moths are fascinating in their own right. But no moth is an island - they are vital links in the web of life. Through the lives of these overlooked insects, Blackburn introduces a landscape of unseen ecological connections. The flapping of a moth's wing may not cause a hurricane, but it is closely tied to the wider world, from the park down the street to climatic shifts across the globe. Through his luminous prose and infectious sense of curiosity, Blackburn teaches us to see, and respect, the intricate web of nature in which we're all caught. The Jewel Box shows us how the contents of one small box can illuminate the workings of all nature.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Introduction: The Moth Trap Chapter 1. The Gypsy Moth Chapter 2. Footmen Chapter 3. The Oak Eggar Chapter 4. The Codling and The Goat Chapter 5. The Uncertain Chapter 6. The Silver Y Chapter 7. The Poplar Hawk-Moth Chapter 8. The Box-tree and The Stout Dart Chapter 9. The Acer Sober Sources Notes Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisSHORTLISTED FOR THE 2020 WAINWRIGHT PRIZE A naturalist’s passionate dive into the lives of bees (of all stripes)—and the natural world in her own backyard Brigit Strawbridge Howard was shocked the day she realised she knew more about the French Revolution than she did about her native trees. And birds. And wildflowers. And bees. The thought stopped her—quite literally—in her tracks. But that day was also the start of a journey, one filled with silver birches and hairy-footed flower bees, skylarks, and rosebay willow herb, and the joy that comes with deepening one’s relationship with place. Dancing with Bees is Strawbridge Howard’s charming and eloquent account of a return to noticing, to rediscovering a perspective on the world that had somehow been lost to her for decades and to reconnecting with the natural world. With special care and attention to the plight of pollinators, including honeybees, bumblebees, and solitary bees, and what we can do to help them, Strawbridge Howard shares fascinating details of the lives of flora and fauna that have filled her days with ever-increasing wonder and delight.Trade ReviewKirkus Reviews— A British naturalist offers crisp essays on her relationship with bees. In her debut book, Howard, a devoted bee advocate, pens a lengthy, knowledgeable, and occasionally poetic tribute to honeybees, bumblebees, and other buzzy creatures . . . [She] provides a nice balance between the very real science of studying bees and their function in nature and her cleareyed and eloquent observations about the natural world. Because of that balance, what might have sounded like a dry lecture turns into something far more interesting. Whether she's explaining how different bee species are classified, describing her mother's deteriorating health (and eventual death), or simply ruminating on the beauty around her, Howard creates a text that is compelling and worth your time even if you're not a fellow bee advocate."Library Journal— "[A] fascinating and wide-ranging exploration of nature. . .This satisfying memoir of a woman’s reawakening to the importance of nature in her life will appeal to fans of natural history memoirs, bees, the natural world, or ecology."Booklist, Starred Review— “[An] engaging, richly descriptive tale of natural discovery."“In this delightful book, Brigit Strawbridge Howard brings us into the fascinating and often overlooked world of bees. She introduces us to solitary nesting bees that lay their eggs in empty snail shells, cuckoo bees that make other bees take care of their eggs, and the amazing social lives of bumblebees and honeybees. Her curiosity and wonder at these small creatures are infectious and will inspire a greater appreciation of our natural world.”—Nancy J. Hayden, coauthor of Farming on the Wild Side“Hovering through Brigit Strawbridge Howard’s remarkable encounters with bees, alighting on beautiful and often unexpected descriptions of bumblebees, miner bees, and even parasitizing cuckoo bees, one dips into a world most of us have forgotten. By leading us gently and discretely into the minutiae of nature, Brigit shows how rewarding it is to reconnect—how the world’s tiniest beings can not only lift our spirits, but signal the way to a richer, wilder future.”—Isabella Tree, author of Wilding“Dancing with Bees is a passionate hymn to nature, a joyful celebration not just of bees, but of the power of paying attention. Strawbridge Howard’s rediscovery of the natural world is infused with a sense of wonder both irresistible and infectious. And the promise of this beautiful book is that if we take the trouble to notice our natural surroundings, we too can find a way to reconnect not just to nature, but to a deeper sense of ourselves.”—Caroline Lucas, MP, former Green Party Leader“I devoured this book as I would a jar of exquisite honey. I was as fascinated by it as I would be watching a hive of bees at work. I may read another nature book this year, but not a better one. Or a more important one. As is made so manifestly clear in these pages, we need our bees. Thank God, then, for Brigit Strawbridge Howard, our queen bee-advocate.”—John Lewis-Stempel, author of Still Water and Meadowland“Dancing with Bees is one of the most important and accessible and entertaining books I’ve ever read. Brigit has poured meticulous detail and research into her book, which has left me with even more respect for our precious bees than I ever thought possible. What’s more, it’s a touching, sensitive account of what makes us human and how we connect to the natural world. Everyone should read it.”—Kate Bradbury, author of Wildlife Gardening and The Bumblebee Flies Anyway“A beautiful book and one that hums with good life. Brigit Strawbridge Howard came late to bees but began noticing them at a time when their going was being widely announced. Her attention has been clear-sighted but also loving. By looking closely at the hummers and the buzzers, she has begun to take in the whole of what Charles Darwin called the ‘tangled bank’ of life, where there are bees (and Brigit’s winning descriptions will help you know them) and there are plants, and there are other pollinators and nectar-seekers, including Homo sapiens. No other insect—surely no other animal—has had such a long and life-giving relationship with humans. Bees may well have shaped our evolution; our continued well-being is certainly dependent on them. Bees have long been part of our consciousness and art, buzzing in parables and fables and ancient and modern poems made out of their industry and their organisation and their marvellous sweet products. All that is in this book: It is ambrosia.”—Tim Dee, author of Landfill“While the plight of our overworked honeybees elicits much hand-wringing, the rest of Earth’s splendorous apian diversity has remained unjustly obscure. In this winning tribute to our black-and-yellow fellows, Brigit Strawbridge Howard celebrates the virtues of dozens of less heralded, but no less crucial, wild species—mining bees, leaf-cutting bees, mason bees, cuckoo bees. Like a bee herself, Strawbridge Howard is at once pragmatic and whimsical, flitting lightly between practical advice for crafting a bee-friendly garden and wise digressions about our manipulative relationship with nature. By the end of Dancing with Bees, you’ll wholeheartedly agree that these indispensable creatures should be extolled as ‘our equals, not our minions.’”—Ben Goldfarb, author of Eager“A joy-filled voyage of discovery through the wonderful world of bees.”—Dave Goulson, author of Bee Quest and A Sting in the Tale“Sprinkled with moments of pathos, this exquisite book is the perfect introduction to the often neglected world of wild bees—and the beautiful plants with which they dance an ecosystem into life.”—Hugh Warwick, author of Linescapes and Hedgehog“Brigit Strawbridge Howard is an excellent pollinator of information. Dancing with Bees is a book teeming with love: for bees but also for the natural world as a whole and, by extension, for life itself. Everyone who cares about the future of our planet should read it.”—Tom Cox, author of 21st-Century Yokel“Dancing with Bees is an antidote to the reality of modern life that’s spent nose down in our smartphones while the wondrous stuff—nature—goes on all around us. Brigit Strawbridge Howard chronicles her own journey of reconnecting with the natural world with heartfelt eloquence. Her descriptions of the creatures, plants, and landscapes that populate her journey are made with the unabashed joy of someone for whom a veil has been lifted, revealing a world to be cherished but also in great need of our protection.”—Matthew Wilson, garden designer; author; panelist, BBC Radio 4’s Gardeners’ Question Time“We are handed a lens—light, bright, beautiful things come into focus. Brigit’s flare for observation and description, passion for knowledge, and ease with communication involve us in adventuring through the looking glass to explore with her the intimate life of wild bees. Gently, this timely book reminds us that nature is in trouble and that we must all join the dance.”—Sue Clifford and Angela King, founding directors, Common Ground“Dancing with Bees is a brilliantly described journey of discovery of bees, trees, people, and places, imbued with a childlike wonderment. Learn about cuckoo bees, carder bees, bees that are not bees, the commonplace and the rare. It is never too late to reconnect with nature and rewild oneself.”—Steven Falk, author of Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland“Well written and researched, beautifully illustrated, and packed with natural history detail, Dancing with Bees is a book to start you off on a journey that could well become an obsession. Even if you are well versed in the ways of bees, you will still want to wrap yourself in the warmth of this charming book. Brigit Strawbridge Howard gently shows you all the things you may have been missing; you are about to enter a macro-world of wonder and delight. I absolutely loved this book. If, due to infirmity perhaps, I am ever unable to walk in the countryside, I can now go dancing with bees whenever I choose.”—Dr. George McGavin, president, Dorset Wildlife Trust; honorary research associate, Oxford University Museum of Natural History“Brigit Strawbridge Howard leads us on a wistful pilgrimage of awakening into the world of bees who are among the most fascinating, charismatic, and important of insects. Written in an easy, accessible style without shying away from solid facts and beguiling detail, and beautifully illustrated by renowned Devon naturalist John Walters, Strawbridge Howard’s book is the result of hundreds of hours of watching, listening, and learning in her garden and the wider countryside, wondering what the future might bring and how human excesses may be curbed.”—Stuart Roberts, entomologistTable of ContentsPreface: Realisations Introduction: The Honey Trap 1. Spring on the Wing 2. A Nest of One's Own 3. What's in a Name? 4. The Boys Are Back in Town 5. Bees Behaving Badly 6. The Upside-Down Bird 7. The Cabin by the Stream 8. Cuckoo, Cuckoo 9. On Swarms and Stings 10. To Bee, or Not to Bee 11. Seeking the Great Yellow Bumblebee, Part 1 12. Seeking the Great Yellow Bumblebee, Part 2 13. On Bovey Heathfield 14. In Praise of Trees 15. Sedgehill, a Natural History 16. Cotton Weavers 17. Time for Tea 18. Evergreen 19. Amongst the Snowdrops Epilogue. Reflections Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Selected Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhether you're a seasoned explorer or keen to discover the great outdoorsfor the first time, this book is designed to expand your horizons, inspire newadventures, and help protect our beautiful planet. Explore The Elements is acool collection of 48 eco-missions that will take you out of your front doorand into the wonderful wild world. You'll have fun and learn new skills alongthe way, and connect with nature everywhere: in your own back yard, aroundyour neighbourhood, and further afield in the UK's fabulous National Parks.

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Book Synopsis What with evolution and extinction, food chains and keystone species, rewilding and regeneration, the modern landscape of biodiversity is a vital place to explore. But how are you expected to navigate the science and significance of this complex world? Navigating Biodiversity provides you with the map you need to start exploring seriously big ideas. A wealth of provocative questions prompt ‘short cut’ answers written by experts in their field, with each one the setting-off point for instructions to help you plot your path through the biosphere. With ‘one-stop’ graphics visualizing a memorable study or idea for each topic, and ‘route map’ glossaries explaining key terms and their connections, Navigating Biodiversity is your expert guide to understanding the biology, history, taxonomy and extraordinary diversity of life on Earth; and what is being done to confront the many threats that it faces.

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Book SynopsisGreen Chemistry and Biodiversity: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations reports on new approaches to designing chemicals and chemical transformations that are beneficial for human health and the environment, a continuing emerging important field of study. This volume provides a collection of innovative research on the development of alternative sustainable technologies, taking a broad view of the subject and integrating a wide variety of approaches. With a focus on the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and biodiversity, this volume will be a rich resource for scientists and researchers in many subfields of chemistry and chemical engineering.Table of Contents1. Photodegradation of 2-Nitrophenol, An Endocrine Disruptor, Using TiO2 Nanospheres/SnO2 Quantum Dots 2. Biodiversity as a Source of Drugs: Cordia, Echinacea, Tabernaemontana, and Aloe 3. Biodiversity: Loss and Conservation 4. Aegle marmelos: Nature’s Gift for Human Beings 5. Seed-Growth Method for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 6. Soil Protections Functions of Medicinal Plants: Meadow and Field Weeds 7. Glycosylation of Polyphenols in Tannin-Rich Extracts from Euphorbia antisyphilitica, Jatropha dioica, and Larrea tridentate 8. Analysis and Quantification of Larrea tridentata Polyphenols Obtained by Reflux and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 9. Properties and Applications of the Phytochemical: Ellagic Acid (4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6-Hexahydroxydiphenic Acid-2, 6, 2, 6-Dilactone) 10. Antioxidative Properties of Punica granatum, Peganum harmala, Dianthus caryophyllus, and Vitis vinifera Extracts against Free Radicals 11. Flavonoids for Designing Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications 12. Ph and Temperature Factors Affecting Curcumin Properties and Its Bioapplicability 13. Integrated Water Resource Management and Nanotechnology Applications in Water Purification: A Critical Overview 14. Precision Personalized Medicine from Theory to Practice: Cancer 15. Design, Synthesis, and Studies of Novel Piperidine-Substituted Triazine Derivatives as Potential Antiinflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents 16. Metaphors That Made History: Reflections on Philosophy/Science/DNA

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the diversity of insect species and numbers and their evolutionary associations. It illustrates the significance of insects through regional biodiversity, taxonomic biodiversity, tools and methods, and management and protection. The book examines the wide range of insect species worldwide and their evolutionary associations. It provides relevant case studies that assess how insect biodiversity may help address the needs of a quickly growing population. The book's conclusion is that a comprehensive understanding of insect biology and ecology is the only means to sustainably preserve ecosystems in a changing global environment. It discusses various topics about insects such as communication, locomotion, social behavior and their relationship to humans.

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Book SynopsisThe objective of the book Biodiversity Basics: Celebrating Life's Variety is to raise awareness and appreciation for the richness and importance of Earth's biodiversity. Through its pages, readers are taken on a journey to explore the incredible variety of species, ecosystems, and interactions that make up our planet's web of life. The book aims to educate and inspire individuals to become advocates for biodiversity conservation and sustainable living. It delves into the significance of biodiversity in providing essential ecosystem services, fostering resilience, and contributing to human well-being. Ultimately, Biodiversity Basics seeks to ignite a sense of wonder and responsibility towards protecting and preserving our planet's precious biodiversity for future generations.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Biodiversity Chapter 2 Climate Change and Biodiversity Chapter 3 Conservation of Species Chapter 4 Economics and Biodiversity Chapter 5 Hotspots Chapter 6 Environmental Assessment Chapter 7 Monitoring Biodiversity

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Book SynopsisResults of regular monitoring of the species diversity and structure of plant communities is used by conservation biologists to help understand impacts of perturbations caused by humans and other environmental factors on ecosystems worldwide. Changes in plant communities can, for example, be a reflection of increased levels of pollution, a response to long-term climate change, or the result of shifts in land-use practices by the human population. This book presents a series of essays on the application of plant biodiversity monitoring and assessment to help prevent species extinction, ecosystem collapse, and solve problems in biodiversity conservation. It has been written by a large international team of researchers and uses case studies and examples from all over the world, and from a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The book is aimed at any graduate students and researchers with a strong interest in plant biodiversity monitoring and assessment, plant community ecology, biodiversity conservation, and the environmental impacts of human activities on ecosystems.Table of ContentsPart I: Plant Biodiversity – An Overview 1: New Challenges to Promote Botany’s Practice Using Botanic Gardens: The Case Study of the Lisbon Botanic Garden 2: New Horizons in Diversification of Temperate Fruit Crops 3: Asteraceae of India and its Diversity and Phytogeographical Affinity 4: Maintenance of Plant Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems Part II: Plant Biodiversity and Ethnobotany 5: Plant Diversity of the Drylands in Southeast Anatolia-Turkey: Role in Human Health and Food Security 6: Observations on Some Ethnomedicinal Plants of Jharkhand Part III: Plant Biodiversity and Biochemical Parameters 7: Plant Diversity: Envisioning Untold Nanofactories for Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications 8: Plant Diversity Repertoire of Bioactive Triterpenoids Part IV: Plant Biodiversity and Climatic Factors 9: Roles of Secondary Metabolites in Protection and Distribution of Terrestrial Plants under Climatic Stresses 10: Summer Semi-Deciduous Species of the Mediterranean Landscape: A Winning Strategy of Cistus Species to Face the Predicted Changes of the Mediterranean Climate Part V: Plant Biodiversity and Environmental Studies 11: Aquatic Plant Biodiversity: A Biological Indicator for Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality 12: Gymnosperm Diversity of Kashmir Himalayas Part VI: Cross Talk between Plant and Microbial Biodiversity 13: Diversity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Pulses 14: The Influence of Soil Microbes on Plant Diversity 15: Plant Associated Endophytic Plethora: An Emerging Source of Antimicrobial Potentials Part VII: Plant Biodiversity: Monitoring and Assessment 16: Biodiversity, Bioindicators and Biogeography of Freshwater Algae 17: Quantitative Description of Upper Storey Vegetation at a Foothill Forest in Indian Eastern Himalayas 18: Significance of Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) Established in Different Forest Ecosystems in Monitoring Ecological Attributes and Conservation of Biodiversity: A Review 19: Effects of Harvesting Plan on Tree Species Diversity: An Evaluation of Two Logged Forest Compartments 20: Diversity of Angiospermic Flora of West Bengal, India 21: Status of Invasive Plants in Tamil Nadu, India – Its Impacts and Significance 22: Patterns of Plant Endemism and Forest Regeneration Processes in Northern Western Ghats 23: DNA Barcoding as a Molecular Tool for the Assessment of Plant Biodiversity Part VIII: Plant Biodiversity: Conservation 24: Onion and Related Taxa: Ecogeographical Distribution and Genetic Resources in India 25: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Plant Biodiversity Conservation in a European Transfrontier Landscape 26: Cryoconservation Methods for Extended Storage of Plant Genetic Resources 27: Interspecific Chemical Differentiation within the Genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) Based on Sequential Variability of Saponin Structures 28: Implementing Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation Efforts 29: Conserving Forest Biodiversity 30: Invasive Alien Weed Species: A Threat to Plant Biodiversity

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Book SynopsisThe crucial importance of biodiversity law to future human welfare is only now being fully appreciated. This wide-ranging handbook presents a range of perspectives from leading international experts reflecting up-to-date research thinking on the vital subject of biodiversity and its interaction with law.Through a rigorous examination of the principles, procedures and practices that characterise this area of law, this timely volume effectively highlights its objectives, implementation, achievements, and prospects. More specifically, the work addresses the regulatory challenges posed by the principal contemporary threats to biological diversity, the applicable general principles of international environmental law and the visions, values and voices that are shaping the development of the law. Presenting thematic rather than regime-based coverage, the editors demonstrate the state-of-the-art of current research and identify future research needs and directions.This comprehensive and authoritative handbook will be an indispensable resource for legal scholars, students and practitioners alike. Contributors include: K. Bastmeijer, M. Bowman, R. Caddell, E. Cloatre, P. Davies, M. Fitzmaurice, M. Fosci, D. French, E.J. Goodwin, K. Hulme, E.A. Kirk, V. Koester, N. Mohammed, R. Rayfuse, K.N. Scott, A. Trouwborst, T. WestTrade ReviewThis is a remarkable book. It comprises the best scholars in the field covering all of the essential elements needed to understand and respond to the foremost conservation challenges of the 21st century. It is contemporary, insightful and challenging. In my opinion, this work is essential for any scholar, practitioner or student who works in this area. --Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato, New ZealandTable of ContentsContents: Preface PART I VISIONS, VALUES AND VOICES 1. Law, Legal Scholarship and the Conservation of Biological Diversity: 2020 Vision and Beyond Michael Bowman 2. In Whose Interest? Instrumental and Intrinsic Value in Biodiversity Law Mattia Fosci and Tom West 3. Participatory Resource Management: A Caribbean Case Study Nicole Mohammed 4. The Role of Non-State Actors in Treaty Regimes for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity Elizabeth A. Kirk PART II SIGNIFICANT THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY 5. Climate Change, Marine Biodiversity and International Law Rosemary Rayfuse 6. Broad Spectrum Efforts to Enhance the Conservation of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Edward J. Goodwin 7. Alien Invasive Species – is the EU’s Strategy Fit for Purpose? Peter Davies 8. Countering Fragmentation of Habitats under International Wildlife Regimes Arie Trouwborst 9. Armed Conflict and Biodiversity Karen Hulme PART III GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 10. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Concept of Sustainable Development: The Extent and Manner of the Convention’s Application of Components of the Concept Veit Koester 11. Whaling and Inter- and Intra-Generational Equity Malgosia Fitzmaurice 12. Common Concern, Common Heritage and other Global(-ising) Concepts: Rhetorical Devices, Legal Principles or a Fundamental Challenge? Duncan French PART IV REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES 13. Biodiversity, Knowledge and the Making of Rights: Reviewing the Debates on Bioprospecting and Ownership Emilie Cloatre 14. Ecological Restoration in International Biodiversity Law: A Promising Strategy to Address Our Failure to Prevent? Kees Bastmeijer 15. Non-Compliance Procedures and the Implementation of Commitments under Wildlife Treaties Karen N. Scott 16. ‘Only Connect’? Regime Interaction and Global Biodiversity Conservation Richard Caddell Index

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Book SynopsisFor at least two decades, scholars and practitioners have argued that international beneficiaries of ecosystem conservation should help pay for the supply of services from which they benefit. Yet these arguments have remained inchoate and have had little real impact on the ground. Bishop and Hill's excellent edited volume should help change that. The chapters are chock full of insights and guidance for scaling payments for environmental services to the international level. Everyone interested in the formidable problems of generating sufficient, reliable funding for international ecosystem conservation and spending these funds efficiently should read this book.'- Paul J. Ferraro, Georgia State University, USGlobal Biodiversity Finance sets out the case for scaling up Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) at the international level. The book explores how International Payments for Ecosystem Services (IPES) can help capture the global willingness-to-pay for biodiversity, and how the resulting revenues can be used efficiently to encourage conservation and the sustainable supply of ecosystem services, on which we all depend. This timely volume includes examples of promising initiatives from around the world, supporting an agenda for action to make IPES a reality.Key questions addressed in this volume include:- Which ecosystem services are most likely to attract voluntary international payments?- How can we assess the international demand for particular ecosystem services?- How can potential importers of intangible ecosystem services ensure they receive value for money?- What is needed to become a competitive exporter of ecosystem services?- What kind of brokering and other services are needed to facilitate agreements between importers and exporters of ecosystem services?- What examples exist of international payments for ecosystem services, and what do they tell us about the potential for scaling up IPES?Researchers, teachers, policy makers, civil servants and technical staff of NGOs working at the interface between business and nature should find much useful material in this book.Contributors: A. Baranzini, N. Bertrand, J. Bishop, B. Borges, P. Covell, S. Engel, A.-K. Faust, L.A. Gallagher, C. Hill, D. Huberman, K. Karousakis, T. Koellner, M. Lehmann, A. Lukasiewicz, D. Miller, B. Norman, J. Olander, W. Proctor, F. Sheng, F. Vorhies, S. Waage, T. Wünscher, R.T. Zuehlke, S. ZwickTrade Review‘For at least two decades, scholars and practitioners have argued that international beneficiaries of ecosystem conservation should help pay for the supply of services from which they benefit. Yet these arguments have remained inchoate and have had little real impact on the ground. Bishop and Hill’s excellent edited volume should help change that. The chapters are chock full of insights and guidance for scaling payments for environmental services to the international level. Everyone interested in the formidable problems of generating sufficient, reliable funding for international ecosystem conservation and spending these funds efficiently should read this book.’ -- Paul J. Ferraro, Georgia State University, USThis timely book on “Global Biodiversity Finance” furthers our understanding of how our market-based approaches are needed to both finance and deliver conservation on a global scale. -- Francis Vorhies, ForbesTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Introduction to International Payments for Ecosystem Services Joshua Bishop, Dustin Miller, Nicolas Bertrand, Fulai Sheng and David Huberman 2. Ecosystems, Economics and Payment for Ecosystem Services Joshua Bishop and David Huberman 3. The Two Sides of IPES Transactions: Exploring the Motivations for Demand and Supply Wendy Proctor and Sissel Waage with contributions from Markus Lehmann, Joshua Bishop, Beto Borges, Thomas Koellner and Anna Lukasiewicz 4. Household Demand for International Ecosystem Services: A Swiss Case Study Andrea Baranzini, Anne-Kathrin Faust and David Huberman 5. Cost-effective Targeting for IPES Tobias Wünscher and Stefanie Engel with contributions from Katia Karousakis 6. IPES Supply Side Case Study: The Surui Carbon Project in Brazil Steve Zwick with contributions from Phil Covell, Beto Borges and Jacob Olander 7. Matching International Demand For and Supply of Ecosystem Services Francis Vorhies, Joshua Bishop and Chloe Hill 8. Matching Supply and Demand in IPES: The Case of the GreenPalm Initiative Louise A. Gallagher, Bob Norman and Robert T. Zuehlke 9. Conclusions: Towards International Payments for Ecosystem Services Markus Lehmann Index

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook presents state-of-the-art methodological guidance and discussion of international practice related to the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in impact assessment, featuring contributions from leading researchers and practitioners the world over. Its multidisciplinary approach covers contributions across five continents to broaden the scope of the field both thematically and geographically. A multifaceted variety of case studies provide examples of the use of information on biodiversity and ecosystem services in different types of impact assessment to improve decisions at all levels, from strategic choices to individual projects. In addition to its discussion of how biodiversity and ecosystem services can improve the salience and effectiveness of impact assessment, this Handbook presents a range of applications and possible solutions to challenges in key policy and planning sectors, including urban development, land use, energy, marine areas, infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, health and tourism. This Handbook's combination of cutting-edge literature and methodological guidance supports researchers, practitioners and students in developing and implementing biodiversity and ecosystem services-inclusive impact assessment processes, which can contribute to better decisions about the use of our lands and waters. As such it will appeal not only to scholars of impact assessment but of environmental sciences, environmental engineering, natural sciences, planning and economics as well.Contributors include: C. Albert, A. Antón, M. Ashley, J. Azcarate, B. Balfors, S. Brownlie, L. Bulling, C. Cortinovis, R.T.T. Forman, S. Frank, C. Fürst, D. Geneletti, J. Goldstein, T. Hooper, P. Horwitz, M. Hughes, P. Itkonen, M. Jimenez, M. Karlson, L. Karrasch, C.M. Kennedy, J.M. Kiesecker, J. Köppel, L. Kopperoinen, O. Langmead, D. Maia de Souza, L. Mandle, L. Milà i Canals, U. Mörtberg, D. Newsome, S. Odelius Gordon, M.W. Parkes, K. Pietzsch, F. Pietzsch, A. Rajvanshi, D. Roe, D.A. Rozas Vásquez, M. Ruckelshaus, H. Tallis, L. Tardieu, F. Teillard, J. Treweek, J. Wu, L. ZardoTrade ReviewThis volume integrates across disciplinary, sectoral and national perspectives to illuminate the cutting edge of contemporary assessment theory and practice. Particular strengths include its focus on how changes in ecosystem services affect human well-being, its elaboration of methods for spatially explicit assessment, its insights on cumulative effects, its inclusive approach to evaluation metrics, and its insistence on the importance of stakeholder involvement in assessment processes. This wonderfully accessible volume will surely become an indispensable desk reference for all seeking to improve the management of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and sustainable development. --William C. Clark, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsContents: Chapter 1. Introduction Davide Geneletti PART 1 MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN IMPACT ASSESSMENT TYPES 2. Spatial Ecosystem Service Analysis for Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects Lisa Mandle and Heather Tallis 3. Ecosystem Services Analysis for Strategic Environmental Assessment: Concepts and Examples Davide Geneletti 4. Scoping Health Impact Assessment: Ecosystem Services as a Framing Device Pierre Horwitz and Margot W. Parkes 5. Matching an Ecosystem Services Approach with Social Impact Assessment Leena Karrasch 6. Economic Evaluation of the Impacts of Transportation Infrastructures on Ecosystem Services Léa Tardieu 7. Addressing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment Assumpció Antón, Danielle Maia de Souza, Félix Teillard and Llorenç Milà i Canals PART II APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 8. Impacts of Urban Development on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Berit Balfors, Juan Azcarate, Ulla Mörtberg, Mårten Karlson and Sara Odelius Gordon 9. Impacts of Agricultural and Forest Management on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Christine Fürst, Susanne Frank, Marcos Jimenez, Daniel Alejandro Rozas Vásquez, Katrin Pietzsch and Frank Pietzsch 10. Applications of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Impact Assessment in Spatial Planning Leena Kopperoinen, Christian Albert and Pekka Itkonen 11. Ecosystem Services in Marine Environmental Impact Assessment: Tools to Support Marine Planning at Project and Strategic Scales Tara Hooper, Olivia Langmead and Matthew Ashley 12. Understanding the Impacts of Ecotourism on Biodiversity: A Multi-Scale, Cumulative Issue Influenced by Perceptions and Politics David Newsome and Mike Hughes 13. Exploring the Tradeoffs Between Wind Energy and Biodiversity Conservation Lea Bulling and Johann Köppel 14. Cumulative Effects of Dams on Biodiversity Asha Rajvanshi PART III CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 15 Addressing the Interactions Between Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation in Impact Assessment Dilys Roe and Davide Geneletti 16. Biodiversity Offsets for ‘No Net Loss’ Through Impact Assessment Susie Brownlie and Jo Treweek 17. Mitigation for the People: An Ecosystem Services Framework Heather Tallis, Christina M. Kennedy, Mary Ruckelshaus, Joshua Goldstein and Joseph M. Kiesecker 18. Promoting Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Adaptation in Cities Through Impact Assessment Davide Geneletti, Linda Zardo and Chiara Cortinovis 19. Where are the Best Places for the Next Billion People? Think Globally, Plan Regionally Richard T.T. Forman and Jianguo (Jingle) Wu CONCLUSIONS 20. Strengthening Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Impact Assessment for Better Decisions Davide Geneletti Index

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Book SynopsisAs we continue to live through a pandemic, all eyes are on microbes: an imperceptible and pervasive threat that hangs heavy on the air and clings to surfaces. But the reality of micro-organisms is far more diverse and life-sustaining than such a notion would have us believe (hence the title of this book). Not only are they omnipresent, but we are highly attuned to their workings – both in the world at large and right here within our own bodies. Meanwhile, cutting-edge microbiome research is changing our understanding of reality, challenging fundamental concepts of free will and individuality. Threaded through everything are microbes: the very glue that holds ecosystems together. This topical, engaging and original book counters the prevailing narrative of microbes as the bane of society, along the way providing much-needed clarity on the overwhelmingly beneficial role they play. We discover how the microbiome is highly relevant to environmental and social equity issues, while there’s also discussion about how microbes may influence our decisions: even the way we think about how we think may need to be revisited. Invisible Friends introduces the reader to a vast, pullulating cohort of minute life – friends you never knew you had.Trade ReviewA fascinating exploration of the possibility of the microscopic world...This is not a book written to shock the reader, or to make the reader aghast at the number of microbes on their eyelashes, or in every breath they take. Rather, it is a book to prompt the restoration of the symbiotic relationship between the visible and invisible worlds, as well as the awareness and appreciation of what is contained within our microbiomes. -- Brian McHugh, Climate Thoughts with BrianInvisible Friends by Jake Robinson is just COOL. A journey through an ever changing understanding of the microscopic world. -- Charlie Bingham, nature and travel writerThis is an enthusiastic and hopeful romp through microbiology that encourages readers to rethink their relationship with nature and see themselves as embedded in it. -- The Inquisitive BiologistRefreshing... This book is a must for students of microbiology. -- Arindam Mitra, Microbiology TodayThis volume is an excellent introduction to the microbial world... The text is accessible to a lay audience, and it has a useful appendix with further scientific explanations and reading suggestions. Robinson uses storytelling and integrated interviews with scientists to make each point. This book could be used as a text in a general education science course as a way to introduce diverse topics such as ecology, environmental science, evolution, human health, and psychology as well as the obvious microbiology. -- D. Schulman, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction 1 The microbiome and humans as walking ecosystems 2 Rekindling old friendships in new landscapes 3 Antibiotic resistant landscapes 4 Microbes and social equity 5 The Psychobiotic Revolution 6 The Lovebug Effect 7 The Holobiont Blindspot 8 The glue that holds our ecosystems together 9 Microbes and trees 10 Rewild. Regenerate. Restore 11 Biointegrated design 12 Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure (MIGI) 13 To catch a thief: forensic microbiology 14 Microbes in outer space 15 You are what your microbes eat 16 Nature connectedness Conclusion Microbes 101 Notes Glossary Bibliography

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Book Synopsis'A gripping read for anyone who cares about what we're doing to the planet and how we can change it' DAVID SHUKMAN, FORMER BBC NEWS SCIENCE EDITOR'Searing observations focused on our need to protect biodiversity - A tour de force' SIR TIM SMIT OBE, CO-FOUNDER OF THE EDEN PROJECT'An informative, uplifting and truly important book' JONATHON PORRITT, AUTHOR AND CAMPAIGNEROne woman's journey through South America - and the devastating story of our planet's disappearing biodiversityPedalling hard for thirteen months, eco adventurer Kate Rawles cycled the length of the Andes on an eccentric bicycle she built herself. The Life Cycle charts her mission to find out why biodiversity is so important, what's happening to it, and what can be done to protect it.From the Pacific Ocean to rainforests and salt flats, Kate learns that armadillos can cross rivers by holding their breath, that Colombia has more species of birds than North America and Europe combined, and that in threatening species and ecosystems, we're tearing down our own life support system. En route, she witnesses the devastation of goldmining and oil drilling but finds hope in the incredible people working to regenerate habitats and communities. As she reaches the 'end of the world', she realises that to tackle biodiversity loss we all have a role to play.Trade ReviewThe best travelling companion you could dream up. [Rawles'] conversational style, ear for an anecdote and searing observations focused on our need to protect biodiversity are a tour de force ... Her language is easy and her sense of humour rarely more than a heartbeat away ... I finished the book with a sense of regret that the adventure was over, inspired by the awesome and deeply melancholy at the hells she visited along the way. Welcome to the complexity of the real world -- Tim Smit OBE, co-founder of the Eden ProjectThe Life Cycle's pace is brisk, the vistas magnificent, the many characters encountered along the way compellingly and entertainingly brought to life. Even the all-important diversions ... leave one feeling stronger, more resolute than ever to support the causes and organisations she champions. This is such an informative, uplifting and truly important book, making all the right connections across many different areas of concern -- Jonathon Porritt, author and campaignerProfound and funny, philosophical and gritty, this book shares both the pain of an incredibly brave woman traveller and the enchantment as she meets the pioneers of lifestyles that seek to restore biodiversity rather than exploit it. A gripping read for anyone who cares about what we're doing to the planet and how we can change it -- David Shukman, former BBC News science editor and visiting professor in practice at the LSE’s Grantham Research InstituteThe Life Cycle will change your life. Or it should. Here is one of those rare flowers of a story whose message is as powerful, and urgent, as the beautiful writing used to tell it. It will move you, as it did me. Open it, but don't just read it. Savour it -- Carlos Zorrilla, environmental activist, writer and photographerRawles built a bamboo bike for one, but with this book she takes each reader on her heart-wrenching and heart-warming ride through South America and into the pounding soul of the vibrant biodiversity we have ignored for way too long -- Christiana Figueres, co-host of the Outrage and Optimism podcast and former head of the UN Framework Convention on Climate ChangeA call to arms to protect what's left of our precious natural world. Kate's explorations open up new perspectives, helping us understand how our daily choices impact on people and species that may be far away, but with whom we are intimately linked and co-dependent -- Helen Browning OBE, organic farmer, author and CEO of the Soil AssociationKate's epic 8,000-mile journey on a bamboo bicycle was a fabulous adventure, but she also harnesses the power of adventure to inspire environmental action by bringing to life the tragedy of biodiversity loss that requires profound systemic change to tackle -- Alastair Humphreys, author, adventurer and host of the Living Adventurously podcastA beautifully written story of eco-adventure and eco-pilgrimage. Every page of this book is a testament to courage and commitment. It is as much an inspiring travelogue as it is a plea to care for the diversity of life on our precious planet. Crossing the continent of South America on a self-built bamboo bike and encountering radical eco-activists along the way is an enchanting narrative told passionately by Kate Rawles, herself an eco-warrior. Reading this book is an immensely engaging and entertaining as well as heart-breaking experience. Read this book, you might become an eco-activist! -- Satish Kumar, editor emeritus Resurgence and Ecologist and founder of Schumacher CollegeKate Rawles is an extraordinary woman - keen adventuress, intrepid cyclist, curious thinker, passionate environmentalist and a fabulous storyteller. Riding with her along high Andean roads but also through terrifying traffic, we get fascinating insights into people, environmental projects and the threat to biodiversity and our beautiful planet. I loved this book -- Andrea Wulf, author of The Invention of NatureIn this remarkable journey from one end of South America to another on a self-made bamboo bicycle, Kate Rawles brings the biodiversity crisis to vivid life. And she does it in a way that is at once thrillingly gripping, intimately heart-breaking, touchingly funny and full of fierce hope ... Few books have illuminated so clearly and honestly what is at stake. A magnificent, inspiring and unforgettable ride. -- Julian Hoffman, author of IrreplaceableThis fabulous book will make you want to live more fully, buy less junk and appreciate our world more. It will also make you want to rewire the whole economy and scream about the mess we are making. And it will make you want to jump on your bike -- Mike Berners-Lee, author of There is No Planet BI was captivated by Kate's unique ability to take such complex and paramount matters and craft them into a thrilling, meaningful and accessible story. Her joyful and inquisitive personality shines through as she brings the reader along for the ride, while she and Woody pedal on down to the end of the world. The Life Cycle will be taking pride of place on my bookshelf -- Jenny Graham, world record-breaking endurance cyclist, presenter and author'An epic tale, passionately and powerfully told, which is less a simple travelogue and more a call to arms for urgent action to save our planet's precious biodiversity. Travelling with her self-built bamboo bike Woody (the UK's first 'home-grown' bicycle), Rawles is an authentic, compelling narrator who acts as a living epitome of the eco-values she espouses. Fascinating - and often frightening - facts and figures leap from every page as she works her way down the length of South America, meeting a vast array of inspiring experts, activists and eco-warriors along the way. A deeply thought-provoking and essential read' -- Rebecca Lowe, author of The Slow Road to TehranRiveting, poignant and laugh-out-loud funny. From the "heart of the world" in Colombia to the devastating lead mines in Peru and from the coloured lakes of Bolivia to the final breathless dash for Ushuaia, The Life Cycle is un-put-downable. Its imagery will stay with you long after the last page is turned. From her own extraordinary endurance - and the stories of those she met along the way - Rawles has conjured up a kaleidoscopic "cosmovision" for our times: a passionate call to fight for the soul of the natural world - and, in doing so, to rescue our own. -- Tim Jackson, author of Post Growth: Life After CapitalismRawles clearly and succinctly explains a range of contemporary environmental issues ... Told with high-quality, well-organised writing, it's a coherent message that integrates perfectly with [her] own uncompromising determination to complete this inspiring journey in her own way. -- Chris Fitch * Geographical *[The Life Cycle] is about encountering nature up close, about biodiversity and habitat loss, and the destruction of ecosystems. The writer's observations - of people, places, wildlife - are endlessly diverting, her prose engaging and unpretentious as she takes us along for the ride -- Rose Shepherd * Saga Magazine *First-hand experiences are interwoven with copious facts and figures ... an environmentalist's call to arms. -- Anna Temkin, Times Literary SupplementBritish writer and cyclist Kate Rawles has a penchant for raising awareness about environmental challenges through her own adventures - and inspiring action in the process * Smithsonian Magazine *

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Book Synopsis'An original, wide-ranging and carefully researched book ... contains important lessons for humanity.' Mark Cocker, The SpectatorA fascinating insight into climate change biology around the globe, as well as in our own backyards.Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid is the first major book by a biologist to focus on the fascinating story of how the natural world is adjusting, adapting, and sometimes measurably evolving in response to climate change. Lyrical and thought-provoking, this book broadens the climate focus from humans to the wider lattice of life.Bestselling nature writer Thor Hanson - author of Buzz (a Radio 4 'Book of the Week') - shows us how Caribbean lizards have grown larger toe pads to grip trees more tightly during frequent hurricanes; and how the 'plasticity' of squid has allowed them to change their body size and breeding habits to cope with altered sea temperatures.Plants and animals have a great deal to teach us about the nature of what comes next, because for many of them, and also for many of us, that world is already here.Trade ReviewAn original, wide-ranging and carefully researched book ... contains important lessons for humanity. -- Mark Cocker * The Spectator *[A] fascinating exploration of climate change, exploring the adaptation of species in different habitats. Hanson is a biologist whose passion and expertise are writ large here, as he combines personal observations . . . with the latest scientific research in a lively, engaging and optimistic assessment of the planet's future. -- Hannah Beckerman * The Observer * Hanson supplies abundant reason to marvel at nature's ingenuity, but also to fear for it in the face of the drastic changes we are generating. -- Philip Ball * The Guardian, 'Book of the Day' *While humans wrestle with net zero targets and greenwashing, other species have had to adapt to the impacts of climate change, as American biologist, Thor Hanson, reveals in this carefully researched book. His accounts of how squid have responded to warmer waters, and lizards to fierce storms, are both poignant and sobering. * Financial Times, Environment Summer Books of 2022 *Nature-lovers ... will marvel at the incredible ingenuity of creatures across the globe. * Publishers Weekly *'This compelling read will spark the interest of everyone who cares about what is happening to the natural world.' * Library Journal (starred review) *A masterful storyteller, Hanson interweaves his own formative experiences into the narrative ... The book's forward-looking approach seems intended to encourage readers' curiosity about climate change, with the notion that, once suitably informed, they will feel compelled to take action. * Science *Hanson is an affable guide and storyteller, with a knack for analogy, a sense of humor and the natural curiosity of a scientist. * New York Times *[Hanson is] an ideal guide to a topic that might otherwise send readers down a well of despair. ... The challenge feels overwhelming, and as a single concerned citizen, much feels out of my hands. Yet Hanson's words did inspire me to take a cue from the rest of the species on this warming world to do what I can. * Science News *Close study of how animals are living with climate change reveals that humans are at the center of more things than we realize ... [Hanson makes] glaringly clear that we are not in command of what we have set in motion. The biodiversity and versatility on display in the animal kingdom of which we are part have lots to teach us. To remain at home in the world, we too will need to change. * The Atlantic *From the author of the much-loved Buzz comes a fascinating look at the transformations that are already underway all round the world . . . Hanson combines an in-depth understanding of climate change biology with lyrical writing and philosophical insight. * The Bath Magazine *Interesting and thought-provoking . . . This book is well worth reading, to embrace and take on the wider perspective that nature is more adaptable and able to change than we might realise. * Irish Tech News *An enjoyable, thought provoking book. * Brian Clegg, Popular Science *[A] whirlwind tour of the biological impacts of climate change ... easy and enjoyable to read. * Tegan Armarego-Marriott, Nature Climate Change *This isn't a doomsday look at the future of the Earth, but encourages the reader to think critically about the impact we have on the planet, offering valuable lessons for humankind to learn . . . [An] excellent read. * How it Works *

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Book Synopsis'An original, wide-ranging and carefully researched book ... contains important lessons for humanity.' Mark Cocker, The SpectatorA fascinating insight into climate change biology around the globe, as well as in our own backyards.Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid is the first major book by a biologist to focus on the fascinating story of how the natural world is adjusting, adapting, and sometimes measurably evolving in response to climate change. Lyrical and thought-provoking, this book broadens the climate focus from humans to the wider lattice of life.Bestselling nature writer Thor Hanson - author of Buzz (a Radio 4 'Book of the Week') - shows us how Caribbean lizards have grown larger toe pads to grip trees more tightly during frequent hurricanes; and how the 'plasticity' of squid has allowed them to change their body size and breeding habits to cope with altered sea temperatures.Plants and animals have a great deal to teach us about the nature of what comes next, because for many of them, and also for many of us, that world is already here.Trade ReviewAn original, wide-ranging and carefully researched book ... contains important lessons for humanity. -- Mark Cocker * The Spectator *[A] fascinating exploration of climate change, exploring the adaptation of species in different habitats. Hanson is a biologist whose passion and expertise are writ large here, as he combines personal observations . . . with the latest scientific research in a lively, engaging and optimistic assessment of the planet's future. -- Hannah Beckerman * The Observer * Hanson supplies abundant reason to marvel at nature's ingenuity, but also to fear for it in the face of the drastic changes we are generating. -- Philip Ball * The Guardian, 'Book of the Day' *While humans wrestle with net zero targets and greenwashing, other species have had to adapt to the impacts of climate change, as American biologist, Thor Hanson, reveals in this carefully researched book. His accounts of how squid have responded to warmer waters, and lizards to fierce storms, are both poignant and sobering. * Financial Times, Environment Summer Books of 2022 *Nature-lovers ... will marvel at the incredible ingenuity of creatures across the globe. * Publishers Weekly *'This compelling read will spark the interest of everyone who cares about what is happening to the natural world.' * Library Journal (starred review) *A masterful storyteller, Hanson interweaves his own formative experiences into the narrative ... The book's forward-looking approach seems intended to encourage readers' curiosity about climate change, with the notion that, once suitably informed, they will feel compelled to take action. * Science *Hanson is an affable guide and storyteller, with a knack for analogy, a sense of humor and the natural curiosity of a scientist. * New York Times *[Hanson is] an ideal guide to a topic that might otherwise send readers down a well of despair. ... The challenge feels overwhelming, and as a single concerned citizen, much feels out of my hands. Yet Hanson's words did inspire me to take a cue from the rest of the species on this warming world to do what I can. * Science News *Close study of how animals are living with climate change reveals that humans are at the center of more things than we realize ... [Hanson makes] glaringly clear that we are not in command of what we have set in motion. The biodiversity and versatility on display in the animal kingdom of which we are part have lots to teach us. To remain at home in the world, we too will need to change. * The Atlantic *From the author of the much-loved Buzz comes a fascinating look at the transformations that are already underway all round the world . . . Hanson combines an in-depth understanding of climate change biology with lyrical writing and philosophical insight. * The Bath Magazine *Interesting and thought-provoking . . . This book is well worth reading, to embrace and take on the wider perspective that nature is more adaptable and able to change than we might realise. * Irish Tech News *An enjoyable, thought provoking book. * Brian Clegg, Popular Science *[A] whirlwind tour of the biological impacts of climate change ... easy and enjoyable to read. * Tegan Armarego-Marriott, Nature Climate Change *This isn't a doomsday look at the future of the Earth, but encourages the reader to think critically about the impact we have on the planet, offering valuable lessons for humankind to learn . . . [An] excellent read. * How it Works *Effortlessly combining insights into biological and climatological processes, Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid is a well-structured and smooth introduction to climate change biology. -- Leon Vlieger * The Inquisitive Biologist *

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Book Synopsis'Jake Fiennes is changing the face of farming in Britain... a revolutionising force' Isabella TreeOur relationship with our land is broken: we must heal it.Jake Fiennes is on a mission to change the face of the English countryside. As Conservation Manager at Holkham in Norfolk, one of the country's largest historic country estates, his radical habitat restoration and agricultural work has nurtured its species and risen its crop yields - bringing back wetlands, hedgerows, birds and butterflies over 25,000 acres of land.But this isn't rewilding - there is no 'wild' in Britain anymore. Mass farming, crop science and industrial chemicals have destroyed the majority of our natural landscape and wildlife over the last century. Land Healer is the story of Fiennes's ambition to bring back our flora and fauna - by reclaiming our traditions and trialling new experiments which could restore our symbiosis with our land, and save our shared future.Following the farming year and the natural cycle of the seasons, Land Healer chronicles a life of conservation lived at the edges, and is a manifesto for rethinking our relationship with the natural world before it's too late.Trade ReviewJake Fiennes is changing the face of farming in Britain ... A revolutionising force -- Isabella TreeWith mud on his boots and hope in his heart, Fiennes tells a powerful and uplifting story of food, farming and living with nature -- Matthew ParrisWe can only solve the crises of climate, extinction and human ill-health by healing our relationship with the land. Jake Fiennes shows us how in this inspiring, realistic and practical book -- Patrick BarkhamA powerful call to arms, this fascinating book makes a clear case to put farming at the heart of the restoration of our countryside -- Sarah Langford, author of RootedOne of the motive forces behind this new way of looking at the land -- Tony Juniper, Chair of Natural England

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Book SynopsisThe erosion of biodiversity is currently highly publicized. Militant movements accuse humans of destroying nature and being responsible for a sixth mass extinction. However, this anxiety-provoking message is sometimes based on misconceptions, false or partisan ideas, and media relays that favor and amplify alarmist information. If the situation of certain populations is worrying, it is not a general phenomenon because others are expanding. Rather than holding a globalizing discourse, it is necessary to recontextualize and relativize the debate to better define the necessary actions.Biodiversity Erosion analyzes numerous scientific publications, as well as alarming discussions, emphasizing the multiple biases present in the way information is presented. This book questions the relevance of the notion of species and the desire to compile an inventory of all living things. It argues for a less Manichean approach to our relationship with nature.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Chapter 1 The Gradual Decline of Biodiversity: What Do We Mean? 1 1.1 The context of the debate 2 1.2 “Biodiversity”? A vague concept 3 1.3 The origins of a concept: creationist thinking 4 1.4 Decline: clarifying the meaning of the words 6 1.5 Are the indicators reliable? 8 1.6 Protecting what? 10 1.7 The evolution of the concept of decline: from a structural to a functional approach 11 1.8 Communication or misinformation? 13 1.9 At the roots of the sixth extinction 14 Chapter 2 The Promethean Dream: Taking Stock of Biodiversity 17 2.1 The notion of species is misleading! 17 2.2 Hidden biodiversity: cryptic or twin species 20 2.3 Species at the service of genes? 21 2.4 Species inventory: what do we know? 22 2.5 The geographical distribution of biological diversity 23 2.6 In summary 25 Chapter 3 What Can We Learn from the Great Extinctions of the Past? 27 3.1 A hundred times over, put your work back together 27 3.2 The great mass extinctions 28 3.3 The tree that hides the forest 31 3.4 Evolutionary consequences of extinctions 33 3.5 What is known about the post-extinction processes of the past? 35 3.6 In summary 35 Chapter 4 Biodiversity Decline: “The Worst Is Not Certain” 37 4.1 When scientists cross the yellow line! 37 4.2 The risk of extinction 40 4.2.1 Endemic species 40 4.2.2 Specialist species 42 4.2.3 Ubiquitous or opportunistic species 42 4.3 Vulnerability of species to risks 42 4.4 Species extinctions in the plant world 44 4.5 What do we know about species extinctions in animals? 46 4.6 Species extinctions in France 47 4.7 The false trails of globalization: contextualizing erosion! 51 4.8 In summary 53 Chapter 5 Let’s Talk about the Renewal Rate of Biological Diversity 55 5.1 Extinction debt and speciation credit 55 5.2 Speciation processes 57 5.3 The speed of appearance of new species 58 5.4 Is speciation more important in tropical environments? 62 5.5 Evolution and the role of chance 63 5.6 Is habitat fragmentation a threat to biodiversity? 64 5.7 In summary 66 Chapter 6 Controversies Surrounding the Extinction Rate 67 6.1 The laborious calculation of the extinction rate 68 6.2 The area/species relationship: a highly criticized prospective tool! 71 6.3 Text commentary on the extinction rate of species according to the Sagascience website 74 6.4 A debate confused by ideological concerns 76 6.5 In summary 78 Chapter 7 The Hidden Face of Methods for Assessing Biodiversity Decline 81 7.1 Who can be trusted to analyze the data? 82 7.2 Questions about the “species” metric 83 7.3 Amalgamation and false leads 84 7.4 Contingency and the problem of changes in scale: global versus local 85 7.5 Losers, but also winners? 86 7.6 Manipulating figures: communication or hijacking? 88 7.7 The health sector taken hostage 89 Chapter 8 Biodiversity and the Functioning of Ecosystems: A Multitude of Preconceived Ideas 91 8.1 The black box of ecological functioning 91 8.2 The balance of nature is fiction 92 8.3 Disruption does not mean disaster 94 8.4 Are all species needed? 95 8.5 Deterministic or stochastic ecological systems? 96 8.6 The more species there are, the more resilient the ecological system is 97 8.7 The threshold effect or the fall of a paradigm! 98 8.8 Species substitutions and the functioning of ecological systems 99 8.9 In summary 100 Chapter 9 Species Introductions: For Better or For Worse 101 9.1 The delicate issue of indigenousness 102 9.2 Species introductions: one of the main causes of biodiversity loss? 104 9.3 Species introductions and ecosystem functioning 106 9.4 Why are our trees sick? 107 9.5 Can introductions be controlled? 109 9.5.1 The case of climate migrants 110 9.5.2 Stowaways 110 9.5.3 Voluntary or accidental introductions 111 9.5.4 Lack of courtesy 112 9.6 Being pragmatic? 112 9.7 Strongly divergent opinions among scientists 114 9.8 In summary 115 Chapter 10 Global Warming: A Catastrophe for Biodiversity? 117 10.1 Climate uncertainties 119 10.2 The lessons of retrospective ecology 121 10.3 Likely consequences of reduced precipitation 123 10.4 Likely impacts of temperature increase on biodiversity 123 10.5 Rising sea levels 125 10.6 Undergoing or going along with change? 126 10.7 In summary 127 Chapter 11 Is Planning Destroying Biodiversity? 129 11.1 European nature: a reconstructed nature 130 11.2 “Degraded” ecological systems… really? 131 11.3 When you transform, you lose and you win… 132 11.4 Paradox: destroying biodiversity under the pretext of naturalness 134 11.5 A brief saga of French forests 136 11.6 In summary 139 Chapter 12 The Decline of Insects 141 12.1 The decline of insect populations creates the event 141 12.2 Is the apocalypse coming? 145 12.3 The difficulty of identifying the causes 146 12.4 Speculation on possible causes 147 12.4.1 Light pollution 148 12.4.2 Pesticides 148 12.4.3 Diseases 149 12.4.4 Changes in agricultural practices 150 12.5 What is the impact on agriculture? 150 12.6 The case of bees 151 12.7 The case of butterflies 153 12.8 Some remarks on our relationship with insects 156 12.9 In summary 157 Chapter 13 The Decline of Birds 159 13.1 The red list of threatened species 159 13.2 The decline of bird populations… as early as the 19th century 160 13.3 Monitoring of the STOC program 163 13.4 Focus on the farmland bird guild 164 13.4.1 Different trends for different species 164 13.4.2 Disparities between regions are a cause for concern 166 13.4.3 A general decline across Europe 169 13.5 The habitat trail 173 13.6 Many other causes 175 13.7 The role of reserves 177 13.8 On what basis can we talk about decline? 179 13.9 Let nature take its course? 179 13.10 In summary 182 Chapter 14 Reasons to be Positive 183 14.1 Highly resilient ecological systems 183 14.1.1 Oil spills 184 14.1.2 Fires 184 14.1.3 How long does it take for a tropical forest to regenerate? 186 14.1.4 Pollution of continental aquatic systems 186 14.2 Recovering populations! 187 14.3 Nature conquers the city 191 14.3.1 Reducing pollution 193 14.3.2 “Rewilding” the city? 193 14.4 Rehabilitation of “degraded” systems 194 14.4.1 Water quarries 194 14.4.2 Slag heaps 195 14.5 What is the future for anthropized nature, left to its own devices? 195 14.6 Let’s talk about the wolf 196 14.7 In summary 198 Chapter 15 From Facts to Extrapolations 199 15.1 Many inconsistencies and post-truths 201 15.2 Going beyond ecocentrism: what kinds of nature do we want? 203 15.3 Protected areas and the return of colonialism? 205 15.4 Nature, an inexhaustible source of problems 207 15.5 Single-mindedness and anxiety-provoking communication 208 15.6 The business of biodiversity 209 References 213 Index 235

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Book SynopsisThe Anthropocene era has been marked by such significant human pressure that it has led to the sixth mass extinction. The Baseline Concept in Biodiversity Conservation interprets human domination of the Earth as the process of gradual landscape change, the execution of which is neither linear nor homogeneous. This book is structured around three key questions: Where and when did everything go wrong? How do we define baseline states for biodiversity conservation strategies? How are reference states mobilized in a concrete way through case studies? Today, biodiversity conservation faces a dilemma that this book sheds light on: return to states less modified by humans than today but in a world that has changed significantly; or, let the nature of tomorrow express itself where it still can but without a road map.Table of ContentsPart 1. Defining Baselines 1. Temporal Baselines: Finding a Tipping Point in the Past by Laurent Godet, Simon Dufour, Anne-Julia Rollet and Armelle Decaulne 2. Spatial Baselines: Is Going Elsewhere Easier Than Going Back in Time by Anne-Julia Rollet, Simon Dufour and Armelle Decaulne 3. Mapping What is Left of Nature by Laurent Godet and Adrien Geutté 4. The Baseline: A Social Construction by Clémence Moreau, Cécile Barnaud and Raphaël Mathevet Part 2. Using Baselines to Conserve Nature 5. Rewilding by the Return of Ghosts of the Past by Laurent Godet 6. Spontaneous Rewilding through Land Abandonment by Adrien Guetté and Jonathan Carruthers-Jones 7. Geoprospective: Looking for Potential Scenarios by Thomas Houet 8. The Place of Ecological Knowledge in Policies for Ecological Neutrality: No Net Loss and Biodiversity Offsetting by Coralie Calvet Part 3. Examples of the Use of Baselines 9. The Variability of Baselines Mobilized in Littoral Protected Areas: The Anthropocene as a Dividing Line? By Vincent Andreu-Boussut and Céline Chadenas 10. Baselines and French Forests by Damien Marage 11. How Can We Maintain Traditional Agro-Pastoral Landscapes? By David Montembault

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Book SynopsisThe use of mathematical models is a fundamental aspect of modern science. With computers now allowing previously difficult calculations to be done quickly and easily, an understanding of mathematics and an appreciation for modelling is possible even in fields with traditionally less mathematical content. Modelling Nature introduces basic concepts in mathematical modelling applied to natural systems to tackle real-world problems from fields such as physics, ecology, geology and epidemiology. It shows how using models can help to unravel complex issues such as the melting of the Arctic ice, the spread of infectious disease and the age of the Earth. The text helps students to build steadily upon a basic level of mathematics, to a more advanced understanding of mathematical concepts, for a thorough understanding of a variety of mathematical techniques. Key features include: Worked through calculations, with clear steps that can be followed with just a calculator, pen and paper or popular software packages. Intuitive introduction of advanced mathematical techniques in the context of model building, for an understanding of real-life application. An emphasis on an overall philosophy of building models, drawing repeatedly from the key elements of data, physical processes and mathematical methods to develop and refine models.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Modelling the Changing Arctic Ice Chapter 2: Modelling Bacterial Population Growth Chapter 3: Modelling the Growth of Human Populations Chapter 4: Modelling Radioactive Decay to Determine the Age of the Earth Chapter 5: Modelling the Distribution of Butterfly Species Chapter 6: Volcanic Gas, Environmental Damage and Statistical Models

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Book SynopsisThis short textbook introduces students to the concept of describing natural systems using mathematical models. We highlight the variety of ways in which natural systems lend themselves to mathematical description and the importance of models in revealing fundamental processes. The process of science via the building, testing and use of models (theories) is described and forms the structure of the book. The book covers a broad range from the molecular to ecosystems and whole-Earth phenomena. Themes running through the chapters include scale (temporal and spatial), change (linear and nonlinear), emergent phenomena and uncertainty. Mathematical descriptions are kept to a minimum and we illustrate mechanisms and results in graphical form wherever possible. Essential mathematical details are described fully, with the use of boxes. The mathematics supports but does not lead the text.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Modelling the Changing Arctic Ice Chapter 2: Modelling Bacterial Population Growth Chapter 3: Modelling the Growth of Human Populations Chapter 4: Modelling Radioactive Decay to Determine the Age of the Earth Chapter 5: Modelling the Distribution of Butterfly Species Chapter 6: Volcanic Gas, Environmental Damage and Statistical Models

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Book SynopsisThis timely book considers appropriate legal practices to use to promote conservation, protection and sustainable use of biological diversity in forest and marine areas. The breadth of issues explored across these two themes is immense, and the book identifies both key differences, and striking commonalities between them. Law-makers, managers and users often have little understanding of either the complexity or the true value of biological diversity and of what is needed to preserve forest and marine ecosystems, and to keep inter-relationships between species within them healthy. Regulators face significant and practical challenges, requiring the adoption of legal frameworks in the context of scientific uncertainty. This book provides critical and comparative reflections on the role of law in both of these biodiversity contexts. Key issues not previously addressed through the law are considered - for example, the lack of international governance of peat; and the moral problem of labelling certain species as 'alien' or 'invasive'. Learned contributors draw valuable lessons for those seeking to protect biodiversity and understand its governance, from analysis of experiences gained forging international and national legal frameworks. With a blend of local and global perspectives, across a wide range of countries and policies, the book will appeal to academics and students in law, international, regional and domestic policymakers, lawmakers, NGOs and conservation agencies.Contributors include: E. Couzens, T. Daya-Winterbottom, C. de Oliveira, M. Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Y. Fristikawati, L. Heng Lye, B. Liu, S. Maljean-Dubois, G. Morgan, A. Paterson, Y. Pei, A. Prasad Pant, V.S. Radovich, S. Riley, N.A. Robinson, A. Telesetsky, S.C.-W. YangTrade Review'The book is recommended for all libraries that deal with wildlife law and is complemented with a comprehensive index.' --UKELATable of ContentsContents: Part I An Introduction to Legal Aspects of Protecting Forest and Marine Biodiversity 1. Legal Aspects of the Protection of Forest and Marine Biodiversity: Understanding the Context Ed Couzens, Alexander Paterson and Sophie Riley Part II Global issues of protection of biological diversity 2. Moral Boundaries, Anthropocentrism and Biodiversity: Possums in New Zealand as an Example Gay Morgan 3. For Peat’s Sake: Environmental Law Amidst the Bogs Nicholas A. Robinson 4. Illegal Trade in Endangered Forest and Marine Species - Enhancing Laws and Enforcement: a South-East Asian Perspective Lin Heng Lye and Sallie Chia-Wei Yang Part III The protection of biological diversity in the forest environment 5. Biodiversity and Agriculture – Friends or Foes? The Legal Implementation of Agroforestry Practices in Brazil Marcia Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 6. Forest Biodiversity Conservation: Strengthening the Regulation and Management of Chinese Enterprises during Foreign Investment Bingyu Liu 7. Addressing Human and Wildlife Conflict in Forest Protected Areas: A Critical Analysis of China’s Nature Reserve Management Experience Yilin Pei 8. Climate Change and Forest Management in Nepal Amber Prasad Pant Part IV The protection of biological diversity in the marine environment 9. Governance of Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation at Sea: Towards Coastal Marine Biodiversity Preservation Violeta S. Radovich 10. The Valuable Role that Private Environmental Governance might play in Managing Global Fisheries Resources Anastasia Telesetsky 11. Black Coral Forests and Marine Biodiversity in New Zealand Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 12. The Contribution that the Concept of Global Public Goods can make to the Conservation of Marine Resources Carina Costa de Oliveira and Sandrine Maljean-Dubois Index C. Costa de Oliveira,

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Book SynopsisExamining globally invasive alien birds, the first part of this book provides an account of 32 global avian invasive species (as listed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group, ISSG). It acts as a one stop reference volume; it assesses current invasive status for each bird species, including details of physical description, diet, introduction and invasion pathways, breeding behaviour, natural habitat. It also looks at the environmental impact of each species, as well as current and future control methods. Full colour photographs assist with species identification and global distribution maps give a visual representation of the current known distributions of these species. The second part of the book discusses the biogeographical aspects of avian invasions, highlighting current and emerging invasive species across different regions of the world. The third section considers the impact of invasive species on native communities, problems associated with invasive bird management and the use of citizen science in the study of invasive birds.Table of Contents1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 3: Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis Linnaeus, 1766) Chapter 4: Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus Wagler, 1827) Chapter 5: Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer Linnaeus, 1766) Chapter 6: Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 7: Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus Linnaeus, 1766) Chapter 8: Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea Scopoli, 1786) Chapter 9: Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri Scopoli, 1769) Chapter 10: Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus Boddaert, 1783) 2: Global avian invaders (as listed by ISSG) Chapter 11: House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 12: Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis Gmelin, 1788) Chapter 13: Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater Boddaert, 1783) Chapter 14: Rock Dove (Columba livia Gmelin, 1789) Chapter 15: Eurasian Collared-dove (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszy, 1838) Chapter 16: Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar Gray, 1830) Chapter 17: Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 18: Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758), Grey Junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii Temmink, 1813) and Green Junglefowl (Gallus varius Shaw, 1798) Chapter 19: House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus Müller, 1776) Chapter 20: Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 21: Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata Linnaeus 1758) Chapter 22: Northern Red Bishop (Euplectes franciscanus Isert 1789) Chapter 23: Warbling White-eye (Zosterops japonicus Temminck and Schlegel 1845) Chapter 24: House Crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817) Chapter 25: Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen Latham, 1802) Chapter 26: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 27: Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis Gmelin, 1789) Chapter 28: Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca Linnaeus, 1766) Chapter 29: Greylag Goose (Anser anser Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 30: Canada Goose (Branta canadensis canadensis Linnaeus, 1758) Chapter 31: Mute Swan (Cygnus olor, Gmelin, 1789) Chapter 32: Gray-headed Swamphen (Porphyrio poliocephalus Latham, 1801) Chapter 33: African Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus Latham, 1790) Chapter 34: Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus Gmelin, 1788) Chapter 35: Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans Peale, 1848) 3: Avian invaders’ biogeography and emerging invasive species Chapter 36: Continental analysis of invasive birds: Australia and New Zealand Chapter 37: Continental analysis of invasive birds: Africa Chapter 38: Continental analysis of invasive birds: North America Chapter 39: Continental analysis of invasive birds: South America Chapter 40: Continental analysis of invasive birds: Europe and the Middle East Chapter 41: Continental analysis of invasive birds: Asia 4: Impacts and management Chapter 42: Competition between invasive and native bird species Chapter 43: Control or eradication: problems in the management of invasive birds Chapter 44: Using citizen science to study exotic and invasive birds 5: Conclusion Chapter 45: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThere are many books on aspects of plant invasions, but none that focus on the key role of species interactions in mediating invasions. This book reviews exciting new findings and explores how new methods and tools are shedding new light on crucial processes in plant invasions. In 23 chapters, with contributions from 51 authors, the book addresses: · the main theories and hypotheses in plant invasion ecology that invoke species interactions; · plant invasions that are facilitated by, or benefit from, by mutualistic interactions and release from enemies; · antagonistic interactions that prevent or hinder plant invasions; · impacts of plant invasions on native species interactions and ecosystem functioning; · the interaction-network approach to understanding plant invasions; · the importance of considering species interactions in managing plant invasionsTable of ContentsPart I: Background Chapter 1: Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions – An overview Chapter 2: The role of biotic interactions in invasion ecology: theories and hypotheses Part II: Positive and negative interactions in the soil Chapter 3: Soil biota and non-native plant invasions Part III: Mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions Chapter 4: Pollination interactions promoting plant invasions- Chapter 5: Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions Chapter 6: Ungulates as dispersal vectors of non-native plants Chapter 7: The role of plant-plant facilitation in non-native plant invasions Chapter 8: How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown, and inform management decisions Part IV: Antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions Chapter 9: Biotic resistance to plant invasions Chapter 10: EICA 2.0: A general model of enemy release and defence in plant and animal invasions Chapter 11: The role of pathogens in plant invasions Chapter 12: Direct and indirect effects of herbivores influencing plant invasions Part V: Consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species Chapter 13: Impacts of non-native plants on plant-pollinator interactions Chapter 14: The effect of non-native plant invasions on seed dispersal of native plants Chapter 15: Allelopathic disruptions of biotic interactions due to non-native plants Chapter 16: Competition between native and non-native plants Chapter 17: Indirect biotic interactions between non-native plants and native plants and animals Part VI: Novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions Chapter 18: How a network approach has advanced the field of plant invasion ecology Chapter 19: Molecular ecology of plant-microbial interactions during invasions: progress and challenges Part VII: Biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants Chapter 20: How can progress in the understanding of antagonistic interactions be applied to improve biological control of plant invasions? Chapter 21: Restoration of pollination interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants Chapter 22: Restoration of seed dispersal interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants Chapter 23: Multiple feedbacks due to biotic interactions across trophic levels can lead to persistent novel conditions that hinder restoration

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Book SynopsisNematodes are small multicellular organisms that have been used as biological models since the 1960s. For example, Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode worm, about 1mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. It is made up of about 1000 cells, and has a short life cycle of only two weeks. It was the first multicellular organism to have its whole genome sequenced. The book summarizes the importance of nematodes as model organisms in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, nutrition, ecology and parasitology. Of interest to a broad audience across a wide spectrum of disciplines, this book is useful for biologists working on comparative studies to investigate biological processes across organisms; medical scientists and pharmacologists for exploration of drugs and medicine (including the use of genome editing to eliminate diseases); ecologists considering nematodes as indicators for environment changes; and parasitologists for host-parasite interactions. Many other researchers can use this book as a benchmark for the broad implications of nematology research on other aspects of science.Table of ContentsPart 1: Biological Systems Chapter 1: The genus Pristionchus: a model for phenotypic plasticity, predatory behavior, self-recognition and other complex traits Chapter 2: Aging Chapter 3: Entomopathogenic nematodes as a model for probing the insect immune system Chapter 4: The use of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., for studying biotrophic parasitic interactions Chapter 5: Nematodes as a model for symbiosis Chapter 6: Nematode pharmacology: neurotransmitters, receptors and experimental approaches Part 2: Ecology and Toxicology Chapter 7: Nematodes as ecological and environmental Indicators Chapter 8: Use in soil agro-ecology Chapter 9: Stress and survival mechanisms Chapter 10: Molecular toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans Chapter 11: Nematode use for testing theoretical models of behavioral ecology Chapter 12: Entomopathogenic nematodes as models For inundative biological control Chapter 13: Parasitic nematodes and their symbiosis with bacteria: model systems for studying parasitism and pathogenesis Chapter 14: Genetic improvement of beneficial organisms

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Book SynopsisThis timely book considers appropriate legal practices to use to promote conservation, protection and sustainable use of biological diversity in forest and marine areas. The breadth of issues explored across these two themes is immense, and the book identifies both key differences, and striking commonalities between them. Law-makers, managers and users often have little understanding of either the complexity or the true value of biological diversity and of what is needed to preserve forest and marine ecosystems, and to keep inter-relationships between species within them healthy. Regulators face significant and practical challenges, requiring the adoption of legal frameworks in the context of scientific uncertainty. This book provides critical and comparative reflections on the role of law in both of these biodiversity contexts. Key issues not previously addressed through the law are considered - for example, the lack of international governance of peat; and the moral problem of labelling certain species as 'alien' or 'invasive'. Learned contributors draw valuable lessons for those seeking to protect biodiversity and understand its governance, from analysis of experiences gained forging international and national legal frameworks. With a blend of local and global perspectives, across a wide range of countries and policies, the book will appeal to academics and students in law, international, regional and domestic policymakers, lawmakers, NGOs and conservation agencies.Contributors include: E. Couzens, T. Daya-Winterbottom, C. de Oliveira, M. Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Y. Fristikawati, L. Heng Lye, B. Liu, S. Maljean-Dubois, G. Morgan, A. Paterson, Y. Pei, A. Prasad Pant, V.S. Radovich, S. Riley, N.A. Robinson, A. Telesetsky, S.C.-W. YangTrade Review'The book is recommended for all libraries that deal with wildlife law and is complemented with a comprehensive index.' --UKELATable of ContentsContents: Part I An Introduction to Legal Aspects of Protecting Forest and Marine Biodiversity 1. Legal Aspects of the Protection of Forest and Marine Biodiversity: Understanding the Context Ed Couzens, Alexander Paterson and Sophie Riley Part II Global issues of protection of biological diversity 2. Moral Boundaries, Anthropocentrism and Biodiversity: Possums in New Zealand as an Example Gay Morgan 3. For Peat’s Sake: Environmental Law Amidst the Bogs Nicholas A. Robinson 4. Illegal Trade in Endangered Forest and Marine Species - Enhancing Laws and Enforcement: a South-East Asian Perspective Lin Heng Lye and Sallie Chia-Wei Yang Part III The protection of biological diversity in the forest environment 5. Biodiversity and Agriculture – Friends or Foes? The Legal Implementation of Agroforestry Practices in Brazil Marcia Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 6. Forest Biodiversity Conservation: Strengthening the Regulation and Management of Chinese Enterprises during Foreign Investment Bingyu Liu 7. Addressing Human and Wildlife Conflict in Forest Protected Areas: A Critical Analysis of China’s Nature Reserve Management Experience Yilin Pei 8. Climate Change and Forest Management in Nepal Amber Prasad Pant Part IV The protection of biological diversity in the marine environment 9. Governance of Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation at Sea: Towards Coastal Marine Biodiversity Preservation Violeta S. Radovich 10. The Valuable Role that Private Environmental Governance might play in Managing Global Fisheries Resources Anastasia Telesetsky 11. Black Coral Forests and Marine Biodiversity in New Zealand Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 12. The Contribution that the Concept of Global Public Goods can make to the Conservation of Marine Resources Carina Costa de Oliveira and Sandrine Maljean-Dubois Index C. Costa de Oliveira,

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Book SynopsisAn exploration of the key aspects of life on Earth – now and in the future – through the study of 10 and a half species. 'Entertaining and intellectually stimulating... The book highlights the wonderfully interconnected nature of our fragile planet. If you want big science at an accessible scale, this is for you' BBC Wildlife If an alien visitor were to collect ten souvenir life forms to represent life on earth, which would they be? This is the thought-provoking premise of Marianne Taylor's The Story of Life in 10½ Chapters. Each life form explains a key aspect about life on Earth. From the sponge that seems to be a plant but is really an animal to the almost extinct soft-shelled turtle deemed extremely unique and therefore extremely precious, these examples reveal how life itself is arranged across time and space, and how humanity increasingly dominates that vision. Taylor, a prolific science writer, considers the chemistry of a green plant and ponders the possibility of life beyond our world. She investigates the virus in an attempt to determine what a life form is; and wonders if the human – 'a distinct and very dominant species with an inevitably biased view of life' – could evolve in a new direction. She tells us that the giraffe was one species, but is now four; that the dusky seaside sparrow may be revived through 're-evolution', or cloning; explains the significance of Darwin's finch to evolution; and much more. The 'half' species is artificial intelligence. Itself an experiment to understand and model life, AI is central to our future – although from the alien visitor's standpoint, unlikely to inherit the earth in the long run.Trade ReviewOutstanding work... Taylor's writing is concise and accessible to a wide audience, while the book's vibrant, attractive layout, filled with beautiful illustrations, adds luster to the text. This rich survey of the long evolution of life on Earth will keep readers focused and fascinated' * Publishers Weekly *Taylor draws the reader in, not only with her species selection and detailed science, but also by means of colourful diagrams and photographs... Throughout the book is both entertaining and intellectually stimulating... The book highlights the wonderfully interconnected nature of our fragile planet. If you want big science at an accessible scale, this is for you' * BBC Wildlife *

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Book SynopsisTHE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER'A wonderful book' - Tristan Gooley, author of How To Read A Tree'Unique and thrilling' - Ben Rawlance, author of The Treeline'A celebration of the oak as nature's masterpiece' - Daniel Lewis, author of Twelve Trees'A glorious, revelatory tale of a tree that enlarges our world' - Patrick Barkham, author of The Butterfly IslesThe enchanting biography of an ancient tree.For over two centuries, as rulers have risen and fallen and wars have raged, one majestic oak tree has lived out an epic drama. From germination in 1780 to adapting to the changing climate of the modern age, its struggles and triumphs took place far from human eyes. That is, until one day a young man named Laurent Tillon came across it, and a decades-long relationship began ... In this dazzling book, biodiversity expert Tillon narrates the story of the tree he calls Quercus. Evoking the richness which is all around us, he reveals that Quercus is embedded in a network of ever-shifting relationships, from close alliances between plants and animals to battles between insects, birds and fungi.A book of ecology unlike any other, Being An Oak offers a tree-eyed view of life on earth.Translated by the award-winning translator Jessica Moore.

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Book SynopsisThis unique collection of in-depth case studies from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Europe and North America demonstrates the importance of women and gender relations in plant genetic resource management and conservation. It provides a state-of-the-art overview of the concepts, relationships and contexts explaining the relatively hidden gender dimensions of people-plant relations. The contributors come from a rich range of disciplines including ethnobotany, geography, agronomy, anthropology, plant breeding, nutrition and development economics. They demonstrate how crucial women are to plant biodiversity management and conservation at household, village, and community levels; and how gender relations have a strong influence on the ways in which local people understand, manage, and conserve biodiversity. Continued access to biological resources is crucial to rural women‘s status and welfare, and their motivations therefore are a principal driving force countering processes of biological erosion. The contributors highlight the gender biases evident in much contemporary scientific research, policy and development practice. And they seek to contribute to a number of important debates, including the determinants of genetic erosion, the significance of gender in indigenous ethno-botanical knowledge systems, indigenous intellectual property rights systems and women‘s entitlements therein, and ecofeminist and other debates about the nature of gender-environment relations.Trade ReviewThis is a very important book. Taken together, the collected papers present a rich picture of the vital role played by peasant women around the world. They are struggling to preserve, in the face of modern agribusiness, the agricultural wisdom of the past and the diversity of plants that have been used for both food and medicine. It is vital that decision makers, especially in the developing world, heed the knowledge of these women who understand so well the art of a sustainable lifestyle. Women and Plants must be in the library of every individual who cares about the future of our planet.' Jane Goodall 'Women and Plants offers a uniquely gender-sensitive perspective on the management of biodiversity. These case studies empirically substantiate a broad range of cultures and ecologies, and offer keen insights for policy development and application.' Professor Nina L. Etkin, Associate Editor, Pharmaceutical Biology 'Focusing on traditional knowledge of indigenous people and local communities, and especially on the relationship between biodiversity and women in traditional societies worldwide, this book provides a well-marked path for the better understanding of biodiversity, its values and its importance for humans while at the same time highlighting community and ecosystem inter-relations.' Hamdallah Zedan, Executive Secretary to the Convention on Biodiversity 'At long last, the predominant role of women in the management of plant genetic resources has begun to be scientifically documented in this highly important book. While men were occupied by hunting and defending their territories, women were most likely domesticating many of the world's crops. Recognition that they hold much of the related knowledge and skills today is clearly overdue. But recognition is not enough - Farmer's Rights as per Article 9 of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture must be assured now and for the future, if we are to give farmers - both women and men - incentives to continue to be the developers and custodians of the world's genetic resources. All those with responsibilities for promoting the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources should certainly read this book.' Jose Esquinas Alcazar, Secretary of the Commission on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization, and Father of 'Farmers' Rights' 'Wonderfully rich in evidence, persuasive in its argument, and wide-ranging in coverage, this timely edited volume on the gendered nature of knowledge about biodiversity enriches both scholarship and policy. It points to the critical need not only of recognizing the specificity of womens knowledge about plant species, but of strengthening their conservation efforts and bringing their interests to bear in arrangements for biodiversity development and benefit sharing.' Bina Agarwal, Professor of Economics, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi UniversityTable of Contents Foreword 1. Women and the Plant World: An Exploration - Patricia L. Howard Part 1: Culture, Kitchen and Conservation 2. Women in the Garden and Kitchen: The Role of Cuisine in the Conservation of Traditional House Lot Crops among Yucatec Mayan Immigrants - Laurie S. Z. Greenberg 3. Wild Food Plants and Arbëresh Women in Lucania, Southern Italy - Andrea Pieroni 4. Women and 'Wild' Foods: Nutrition and Household Food Security Among Rai and Sherpa Forager Farmers in Eastern Nepal - Ephrosine Daniggelis Part 2: Gender Relations, Women's Rights, and Plant Management 5. Farm Women's Rights and Roles in Wild Plant Food Gathering and Management in Northeast Thailand - Lisa Leimar Price 6. Gender and Entitlements in the Zimbabwean Woodlands: A Case Study of Resettlement - Allison Goebel Part 3: Gendered Plant Knowledge in Science and Society 7. 'Passing on the News': Women's Work, Traditional Knowledge and Plant Resource Management in Indigenous Societies of Northwestern North America - Nancy Turner 8. The Invisible Queen in the Plant Kingdom: Gender Perspectives in Medical Ethnobotany - Brij Kothari 9. The Gender of Crops in the Papua New Guinea Highlands - Paul Sillitoe Part 4: Plants, Women's Status and Welfare 10. Gendering the Tradition of Plant Gathering in Central Anatolia (Turkey) - Füsun Ertug 11. The Basket-Makers of the Central California Interior - Linda Dick Bissonnette 12. Exchange, Patriarchy and Status: Women's Homegardens in Bangladesh - Margot Wilson Part 5: Gender, Biodiversity Loss and Conservation 13. Losing Ground: Gender Relations, Commerical Horticulture and Threats to Local Plant Diversity in Rural Mali - Stephen Wooten 14. Modernization and Gender Dynamics in the Loss of Agrobiodiversity in Swaziland's Food System - Millicent Malaza 15. Arawakan Women and the Erosion of Traditional Food Production in Amazonas Venezuela - Shirley Hoffmann 16. Women and Maize Breeding: The Development of New Seed Systems in a Marginal Area of Southwest China - Yiching Song and Janice Jiggins

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Book SynopsisElizabeth H. Petersen argues that economists and other social scientists are increasingly focusing their attention towards institutions (defined as humanly-devised rules) as critical determinants of economic, social and political growth and development. Institutions responsible for the governance of fishery resources have experienced dramatic reforms over the last few decades, stimulated by increased competition for access and exploitation of resources, leading to emerging scarcity of these very resources. This book aims to contribute to the biological and economic sustainability of fish resources worldwide by providing an analysis of fisheries management in the context of new institutional economics. The book's premise is that sound fisheries management requires a clear definition of policy goals for the fishery, such as long-term biological sustainability and maximization of sustainable economic returns, and the subsequent development of institutions capable of aiding and achieving these policy goals. Without such policies and institutions, the author illustrates, there is likely to be continued resource conflict as well as biological and economic over-exploitation.This book provides an innovative institutional framework for managing multilateral fisheries and includes suggestions for solving specific fisheries problems, such as managing fishery revenues and trading cheap fisheries access for foreign aid. The book concludes with a discussion of the importance of economic growth and development, as well as broader socio-economic institutions for fisheries. As such, it will be of enormous interest to environmentalists, ecologists, policymakers, scholars and practitioners focusing on fisheries management.Trade Review'I recommend Institutional Economics and Fisheries Management because I am sure readers who are not into new institutional economics will have a nice overview of this area of economics, and those who are, will see the concepts of new institutional economics applied to fisheries in a brilliant manner. Fisheries regulators and managers will find useful ideas to help them do their work better.' -- Ussif Rashid Sumaila, International Journal of Maritime History'This interesting and easy to read book does not require extensive technical knowledge to be understood. The many graphs and charts were clear, useful, and informative. I recommend this book to economists, environmentalists, geographers, political scientists, and others interested in economic development and fisheries management.' -- Donald E. Agthe, Journal of the American Water Resources Association'Management of large-scale fisheries is failing nearly everywhere, and particularly in the Pacific tuna fishery, the world's largest tuna resource. Both policymakers and their scientific advisers have to accept blame. This is an important book because it addresses the areas where the scientists and the policymakers are failing. First, it makes the case for the use of the economic concept of maximum economic yield of fisheries in place of the concept of maximum sustainable yield that currently dominates among biologists. This was a battle that was fought and won by economists in agriculture over 30 years ago. Second, the book places the design of management policies for fisheries within the New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework. Petersen shows how the NIE framework can be used to design institutions and policies for fisheries management so that they provide the kinds of incentives that will lead to optimal yields and optimal returns to resource owners and fishers.' -- Ron Duncan, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji Islands'The litany of world fishery failures shows that reform of fisheries governance and institutions is essential. The valuable insights and applications in this book will be enormously useful for fishery regulators as they try to sustainably and profitably manage fish stocks, especially highly migratory species such as tuna.' -- Quentin Grafton, Australian National UniversityTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. The New Institutional Economics and Natural Resource Management 2. The Western and Central Pacific Tuna Fishery 3. Getting Fishery Policy Objectives Right 4. Achieving Policy Objectives through Institutional Reform 5. Managing Resource Revenues 6. The Catch in Trading Fishing Access for Foreign Aid 7. The Contribution of Fishery Resources to Economic Development References Index

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Book SynopsisChina and Taiwan have roughly one-eighth of the world's known species. Their approaches to biodiversity issues thus have global as well as national repercussions. Gerald McBeath and Tse-Kang Leng explore the ongoing conflicts between economic development, typically pursued by businesses and governments, and communities seeking to preserve and protect local human and ecosystem values. China and Taiwan have sharply different political and economic systems. In Taiwan, a public relatively more supportive of sustainable development, a free press, a more transparent decision-making process, and an autonomous civil society have influenced governance. Yet democratization has not guaranteed better environmental outcomes. In China, on the other hand, fragmentation of power and 'softer' forms of authoritarianism than in the Maoist era have created openings for NGOs, scientists, journalists, and officials seeking a sustainable future to participate in the environmental policy making process. The authors provide an explicit and comparative treatment of the national policies preserving rare, threatened, and endangered species and ecosystems. Considerable attention is paid to the actors involved in policy formation and implementation as well as to recent cases concerning biodiversity conservation in China and Taiwan.This comprehensive volume will appeal to students and researchers in the areas of political science, environmental science and politics, environmental activists in national and international NGOs, and members of multinational corporations working in developing countries.Trade Review'Written in a readable and concise manner, Governance of Biodiversity Conservation in China and Taiwan makes an interesting contribution to the study of Chinese environmental politics.' -- Kathleen Burton, The China Quarterly'McBeath and Leng's work on contemporary Chinese environmental governance and conservation provides an excellent overview of the key issues in the People's Republic as well as a timely comparison with environmental issues in Taiwan. . . McBeath and Leng's book is written in an concise and readable manner appropriate for undergraduate courses, while the breadth and depth of information makes it equally useful for graduate research. This book on China's environment makes a worthy contribution to contemporary conservation studies and policy issues, and should be essential reading for specialists and students working on biodiversity governance issues in China.' -- Jack Patrick Hayes, Pacific Affairs'This fascinating volume highlights the ongoing conflict between economic development and environmental protection in both mainland China and Taiwan. The authors value biological diversity and examine its loss and conservation from historical and comparative perspectives. Despite significant differences in institutional frameworks and environmental NGOs on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, the authors also note a similar approach to biodiversity conservation and the entailed success or failure. This volume is a must read for people who are concerned with the endangered global ecosystem. Students in public policy comparison may find this volume instructive in combining institutional analysis with behavioral observation.' -- Lin Gang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of ChinaTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Historical Patterns 3. Current Status of Species and Ecosystems in China and Taiwan 4. Legal and Institutional Framework for Biodiversity Conservation 5. Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation 6. Business Organizations and Biodiversity Conversation 7. ENGOs, Civil Society and Biodiversity Conservation 8. Politics and Biodiversity Conservation 9. Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisCommunity-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is an approach that offers multiple related benefits: securing rural livelihoods; ensuring careful conservation and management of biodiversity and other resources; and empowering communities to manage these resources sustainably. Recently, however, the CBNRM concept has attracted criticism for failing in its promise of delivering significant local improvements and conserving biodiversity in some contexts. This book identifies the flaws in its application, which often have been swept under the carpet by those involved in the initiatives. The authors analyse them, and propose remedies for specific circumstances based on the lessons learned from CBNRM experience in southern Africa over more than a decade. The result is essential reading for all researchers, observers and practitioners who have focused on CBNRM in sustainable development programmes as a means to overcome poverty and conserve ecosystems in various parts of the globe. It is a vital tool in improving their methods and performance. In addition, academics, students and policy-makers in natural resource management, resource economics, resource governance and rural development will find it a very valuable and instructive resource.Table of ContentsPart 1: Synthesis � The Fundamentals of Community-based Natural Resource Management * Community-based Natural Resource Management and Rural Livelihoods * Political Economy, Governance and Community-based Natural Resource Management * Putting Out Fires: Does the 'C' in CBNRM Stand for Community or Centrifuge? * Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation with Rural Development: The Holy Grail of CBNRM? * Part 2: Case Studies - Community-based Natural Resource Management, Traditional Governance and Spiritual Ecology in Southern Africa: The Case of Chiefs, Deviners and Spirit Mediums * The Contribution of Bees to Livelihoods in Southern Africa * Everyday Resources are Valuable Enough for Community-based Natural Resource Management Programme Support: Evidence from South Africa * Community-based Resource Management in the Okavango Delta * Local Ecological Knowledge and the Basarwa in the Okavango Delta: The Case of Xaxaba, Ngamiland District * a Land Without Fences: Range Management in Lesotho * Beach Village Committees as a Vehicle for Community Participation: Lake Malombe/Upper Shire River Participatory Programme * Key Issues in Namibia's Communal Conservancy Movement * The Torra Conservancy in Namibia * The Tchumo Tchato Project in Mozambique: Community-based Natural Resource Management in Transition * The Richtersveld and Makuleke Contractual Parks in South Africa: Win-win for Communities and Conservation? *The Lungwa Integrated Rural Development Project, Zambia * Community Wildlife Management in Zimbabwe: The Case of CAMPFIRE in the Zambezi Valley * New Configurations of Power Around Mafaungautsi State Forest in Zimbabwe * Conclusions and Recommendation: What We Have Learned from a Decade of Experimentation * Index

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Book SynopsisThe thought-provoking articles in Conservation can assist in catalyzing the transition to a new green economy by shaping the mind-sets of leaders, students, teachers and the public alike.' Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and Executive Director, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) 'An extremely useful compilation of articles on the complex issues underlying nature conservation.' Ashish Kothari, Co-chair, IUCN Intercommission Strategic Direction on Governance, Equity, and Livelihoods in Relation to Protected Areas (TILCEPA) 'In this intelligently chosen, broadly ranging set of readings on conservation, Professor Adams assembles a set of vital readings for professionals, teachers, students, and the interested public.' Kent Redford, Director, Wildlife Conservation Society Institute This 4-volume set, edited by a leading expert on nature conservation, brings together in one collection a series of papers fundamental to understanding the social, political, cultural and scientific dimensions of conservation. Each volume is introduced by a new review essay, which both sets the scope for the collection and advances analytical understanding of conservation issues. Volume I covers the historical development of conservation ideas and reviews the diverse contemporary philosophical, ethical, cultural and practical arguments for conservation. Volume II addresses the core issue of conservation: the maintenance of living diversity in the face of human demands on the biosphere. The intention here is not to offer a sourcebook of conservation science, but to include the key texts that have changed the way conservation is understood and practised. Volume III explores the overlaps and conflicts between conservation and development, andwin-win solutions to conflicts between the two, including ideas of sustainable development. Volume IV presents work on conservation as an essentially political process, drawing chiefly on social science and, in particular, political ecology and environmental history.Table of ContentsVolume I: The Idea of Conservation Editorial Introduction to Volume I Part I: Western Ideas of Nature 1. Creating a Second Nature 2. The Origins of Environmentalism 3. Walking 4. The Hetch Hetchy Valley 5. A Fable for Tomorrow and the Obligation to Endure Part II: Indigenous Ideas of Nature and Conservation 6. Animals 7. Traditional Knowledge Systems in Practice Part III: The Misuse of Nature 8. Destructiveness of Man and Human and Brute Action Compared 9. Principles of Conservation 10. The Former Abundance of Wildlife 11. The Round River Part IV: Philosophies of Conservation 12. Ideas of Nature 13. The Cultural Approach to Conservation Biology 14. The Conservation Ethic 15. Definitions, Values and Philosophies Part V: Wilderness and Countryside 16. Thinking Like a Mountain 17. The Trouble with Wilderness; or Getting Back to the Wrong Nature 18. The Making of an Ideal Part VI: Protecting Nature 19. Perspectives 20. The Carbon Connection Index Volume II: The Conservation of Diversity Editorial Introduction to Volume II Part I: Biodiversity and Biodiversity Loss 1. The Vulnerable Earth: Toward a Planetary History 2. Biodiversity Threatened 3. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems Part II: Understanding Change in Nature 4. Anecdotes and the Shifting Baseline Syndrome of Fisheries 5. What is Natural? The Need for a Long-term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation 6. False Forest History, Complicit Social Analysis: Rethinking Some West African Environmental Narratives Part III: Ecology and Conservation 7. The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms 8. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems 9. Pyromancy: Reading Stories in the Flames Part IV: Conservation Planning 10. Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities 11. The Global 200: A Representation Approach to Conserving the Earth's Most Biologically Valuable Ecoregions 12. Mapping the Conservation Landscape 13. Systematic Conservation Planning Part V: Managing Species and Spaces 14. Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management 15. Directions in Conservation Biology 16. The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves 17. A Regional Landscape Approach to Maintain Diversity 18. Effectiveness of Parks in Protecting Tropical Biodiversity Part VI: Conservation Management and Restoration 19. Biological Invasions: Winning the Science Battles but Losing the Conservation War? 20. Restoration Ecology: Repairing the Earth's Ecosystems in the New Millennium Index Volume III: Conservation and Development Editorial Introduction to Volume III Part I: Conservation and Sustainable Development 1. The Land Ethic 2. Towards Sustainable Development 3. Conservation of Biodiversity in a World of Use 4. Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty Part II: Sustainability and Wild Harvests 5. Fishing Down Marine Food Webs 6. Having Your Wildlife and Eating It Too: An Analysis of Hunting Sustainability Across Tropical Ecosystems 7. Requiem for the Grand Banks Part III: Institutions and Environmental Management 8. The Struggle to Govern the Commons 9. Human Ecology and Resource Sustainability: The Importance of Institutional Diversity 10. People, Livelihoods and Collective Action in Biodiversity Management Part IV: Economics and Conservation 11. The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value 12. Who Should Pay for Tropical Conservation, and How Could the Costs Be Met? 13. Direct Payments to Conserve Biodiversity Part V: Community and Conservation 14. If Community Conservation is the Answer, What is the Question? 15. Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation 16. The Background to Community-based Conservation 17. Planning for People and Parks: Design Dilemmas 18. The Future of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects: Building on What Works 19. Sustainable Use and Incentive-driven Conservation: Realigning Human and Conservation Interests Index Volume IV: The Politics of Conservation Editorial Introduction to Volume IV Part I: The State, Conservation and Protected Areas 1. Nature and Space 2. Nature-State-Territory: Towards a Critical Theorization of Conservation Enclosures 3. The Environmental Challenge to the Nation-State: Superparks and National Parks Policy in Zimbabwe 4. Coercing Conservation? The Politics of State Resource Control Part II: Science, Knowledge and the Politics of Conservation 5. Deliberative Democracy and Participatory Biodiversity 6. Environmentality: Community, Intimate Government, and the Making of Environmental Subjects in Kumaon, India 7. Non-governmental Organizations and Governmentality: 'Consuming' Biodiversity and Indigenous People in the Philippines 8. Green Dots, Pink Hearts: Displacing Politics from the Malaysian Rainforest 9. The Shifting Middle Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco-politics 10.The 'Wild', the Market and the Native: Indigenous People Face New Forms of Global Colonization 11. Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique Part III: The Social Impacts of Protected Areas 12. Salvaging Nature: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas 13. Farewell Song 14. Displacement and Relocation from Protected Areas: Towards a Biological and Historical Synthesis 15. The Winding Road: Incorporating Social Justice and Human Rights into Protected Areas Policies 16. Political Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation Part IV: Conservation Futures 17. Love it Or Lose it: The Coming Biophilia Revolution 18. Nature Matrix: Reconnecting People and Nature 19. Society With Nature 20. Optimism and Hope in a Hotter Time Index

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Book SynopsisDebate about how best to ensure the preservation of agricultural biodiversity is caught in a counter-productive polemic between proponents and critics of market-based instruments and agricultural modernisation. This book argues that neither position does justice to the range of strategies that farmers use to manage agrobiodiversity and other livelihood assets as they adapt to changing social, economic, and environmental circumstances. Chapters explore relationships between the exploitation and conservation of agricultural biodiversity and the livelihoods of agricultural communities, and evaluate the capacity of national and multilateral institutions and policy settings to support the protection and capture by communities of agrobiodiversity values. The place of ecosystem services in valuing biodiversity in the marketplace is emphasized. A number of authors assess the potential for market-based instruments and initiatives to encourage the protection of biodiversity, while others compare agrobiodiversity/community relationships, and the effectiveness of instruments designed to enhance these, across international boundaries. The book takes a comparative approach, drawing on empirical case studies from across the developed and developing worlds. In doing so, the book does not simply point to similarities and differences in the experience of rural communities. It also shows how global trade and multilateral institutions bring these otherwise disparate communities together in networks that exploit and/or preserve agrobiodiversity and other resources. Trade Review'This volume does an excellent job in bringing together a rich diversity of empirical material from around the world to analyze the complex interdependencies between biodiversity protection and agricultural livelihoods. It provides new and better insights into whether, why and how biodiversity values should be given pride of place in agroecosystems. Highly recommended.' Arthur P.J. Mol, Chair and Professor in Environmental Policy, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 'Biodiversity plays a pivotal role in determining agricultural production and shaping the livelihoods of agricultural communities. This volume skilfully examines relationships between agricultural biodiversity, livelihoods and markets. It is essential reading for anyone wishing to know more about these vitally important relationships.' Professor Mark McGillivray, Chief Ec0onomist, Australian Agency for International Development Agricultural biodiversity - or agrobiodiversity - plays a pivotal role in the livelihoods of all farmers, since it 'encompasses the variety of plants and animals and micro-organisms at sepcies and ecosystem level which are necessary to sustain key functions in the agroecosystem.' New Agriculturist, May 2010.Table of ContentsContributors Preface 1. Agriculture, Biodiversity And Markets Part I: Agrobiodiversity in Context 2. The Ecological Role and Enhancement of Biodiversity in Agroecosystems 3. The Human Ecology of Agrobiodiversity 4. Multilateral and National Regulatory Regimes for Agrobiodiversity 5. Plant Breeders' Rights and On-Farm Seed-Saving 6. International Biosecurity Frameworks to Protect Biodiversity with Emphasis on Science and Risk Assessment Part II: Agriobiodiversity and Modernization 7. Complementarity in the Conservation of Traditional and Modern Rice Genetic Resources on the Philippine Island of Bohol 8. The Contribution of Biodiversity to Modern Intensive Farming Systems 9. Genetic Erosion and Degradation of Ecosystem Services of Wetland Rice Fields: A Case Study from Western Ghats, India Part III: Agrobiodiversity, Standards and Markets 10. Environmental Certification: Standardization for Diversity 11. Challenges of Global Environmental Governance by Non-state Actors in the Coffee Industry: Insights from India, Indonesia and Vietnam 12. Geographical Indicators 13. Value Chain Coordination for Agroiodiversity Conservation Part IV: Agrobiodiversity and Payment for Ecological Services 14. Paying for Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes 15. Targeting Payments for Ecological Services 16. The 'Green Box': Multifunctionality and Biodiversity Conservation in Europe 17. Market Instruments and Collective Obligations for On-Farm Biodiversity Conservation CONCLUSION 18. Agrobiodiversity and Sustainable Farm Livelihoods: Policy Implications and Imperatives Index

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Book SynopsisIn the last decade biodiversity loss and persistent poverty in developing countries have been recognised as major international problems that require urgent attention. However, the nature and scale of the links between these two problems, and between efforts to address them, has been the subject of much heated debate. Understanding the different elements of this debate is critical if we are to move towards constructive solutions. This Reader provides a guide to, and commentary on, the different strands of the current conservation-poverty debate through a selection of key readings from both the conservation and development literature including policy documents, journal articles and reports. The breadth of material will help readers, including both students and professionals, to locate current debates within their wider contexts. Among the areas of debate covered are: ' The lack of attention to biodiversity concerns in international development policy ' The social implications of protectionist conservation policy ' The roles and responsibilities of conservation NGOs towards local communities ' The links between climate change, biodiversity and poverty reduction, and in particular the implication of discussions around reduced emissions from deforestation (REDD) as a climate change mitigation strategy.Trade Review'We are at the threshold of an exciting but fraught new paradigm that compels conservation NGOs to shift from the notion that nature must be protected from people, to embracing the realization that natural systems must be conserved for people. This timely and important book is a must read for all who are ready to explore and examine the challenging new frontier that links conservation with human well-being.' – Steve McCormick, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, USA 'Biodiversity provides essential goods and services that people everywhere - above all poor people -- depend on. And it helps people cope with change and manage risk. Yet too often development erodes biodiversity, and too often conservation has been promoted without engaging poor people and without caring for their needs and rights. This book provides a valuable toolkit that will assist all those seeking to eradicate poverty, conserve biodiversity, and manage the trade-offs between these fundamental goals.' – David Cooper, Secretariat, Convention on Biological Diversity 'This book provides a stark reminder that one group's biosphere is another group's backyard. The rich biodiversity of our forests, coasts, and grasslands stands in contrast with the poverty of the people living there. The plants, people, and animals in these landscapes are inextricably connected. In this outstanding reader leading experts describe and debate those connections. No easy answers here, but who said life was simple. This is definitely worth the read.' – David Kaimowitz, Ford Foundation 'The collection of writings thoroughly explains the complex relationships between conservation and poverty reduction. It is possible to imagine motivated and careful readers to become well enough informed after finishing this book to work in the field or want to.' – Crosslands: Bulletin on Business, Law and the Environment 'The editors have drawn together a galaxy of authors who bring expertise on all aspects of biodiversity loss, conservation, poverty and its alleviation. In fact the book may be regarded as a manual on these two subjects with a wealth of references, experiences and perspectives.' – Professor John Hodges, AGRI 'The breadth of material will help readers, including students and professionals, to locate current debates within their wider contexts.' – Abstracts of Public Administration, Development, and Environment. "The editors (Dilys Roe and Joanna Elliot) have carefully structured the Reader to cover a range of important issues and provide a clear and helpful commentary on the individual articles ... Many of the articles are thought provoking and likely to stimulate renewed discussion on the difficult questions that confront those interested in the topic" – Toby Hodgkin, Experimental AgricultureTable of Contents1. Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction: An Introduction to the Debate Part I: Linking Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction - Where, How and Why? Editors' Introduction 2. Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty 3.Linking Conservation and Poverty Reduction: Landscapes, People and Power 4. Poverty, Development and Biodiversity Conservation: Shooting in the Dark? 5. Livelihoods, Forests and Conservation in Developing Countries: An Overview Part II: Conservation's Place in International Development Editors' Introduction 6. Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation 7. Wildlife and Poverty Study 8. Striking a Balance: Ensuring Conservation's Place on the International Biodiversity Assistance Agenda 9. Report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of Review of Implementation of the Convention 10. Contested Relationships between Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation 11. Poverty and Conservation: The New Century's 'Peasant Question?' 12. Making Poverty Reduction Irreversible: Development Implications of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Part III: Conservation Policy and Protectionism Editors' Introduction 13. Protected Areas and Poverty - The Linkages and How to Address Them 14. Conservation Policy and Indigenous Peoples 15. The Role of Protected Areas in Conserving Biodiversity and Sustaining Local Livelihoods. 16. Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview 17. Political Ecology and the Costs and Benefits of Protected Areas 18. A Property Rights Approach to Understanding Human Displacement from Protected Areas: The Case of Marine Protected Areas Part IV: Conservation NGOs and Poor People Editors' Introduction 19. Two Agendas on Amazon Development 20. International Conservation Organisations and the Fate of Local Tropical Forest Conservation Initiatives 21. A Challenge to Conservationists 22. Conservation, Development and Poverty Alleviation: Time for a Change in Attitudes 23. Conserving What and for Whom? Why Conservation Should Help Meet Basic Needs in the Tropics 24. Disentangling the Links between Conservation and Poverty Reduction in Practice Part V: New Developments: Ecosystem Services, Carbon and Climate Change Editors' Introduction 25. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends 26. Selling Out on Nature (and letters in response) 27. Payments for Environmental Services and the Poor: Concepts and Preliminary Evidence 28. Climate, Carbon, Conservation and Communities 29. Protecting the Future: Carbon, Forests, Protected Areas and Local Livelihoods 30. Seeing REDD? Forests, Climate Change Mitigation the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Part VI: Moving Beyond the Debate - The Need for Conservation-poverty Partnerships Editors' Introduction 31. Partnerships for Conservation and Poverty Reduction 32. Common Ground between Anthropology and Conservation Biology 33. Thinking Like a Human: Social Science and the Two Cultures Problem

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Book SynopsisThe field of biocultural diversity is emerging as a dynamic, integrative approach to understanding the links between nature and culture and the interrelationships between humans and the environment at scales from the global to the local. Its multifaceted contributions have ranged from theoretical elaborations, to mappings of the overlapping distributions of biological and cultural diversity, to the development of indicators as tools to measure, assess, and monitor the state and trends of biocultural diversity, to on-the-ground implementation in field projects. This book is a unique compendium and analysis of projects from all around the world that take an integrated biocultural approach to sustaining cultures and biodiversity. The 45 projects reviewed exemplify a new focus in conservation: this is based on the emerging realization that protecting and restoring biodiversity and maintaining and revitalizing cultural diversity and cultural vitality are intimately, indeed inextricably, interrelated. Published with Terralingua and IUCNTrade Review"All of the world's cultures are utterly dependent upon the biodiversity among which they live. Each culture has developed ways of adapting to their biodiversity, drawing on nature for goods, services, inspiration, mythology, and much else besides. Biocultural Diversity Conservation is a treasure trove of the many approaches that have been taken by the world's diverse cultures to maintain the biological systems upon which they depend. This invaluable resource will certainly find great utility in all parts of the world and among many disciplines." Jeffrey A. McNeely, Senior Science Advisor, IUCN "Here is a treasure trove of a book, one that will truly make a difference in the world. It represents a key milestone in our global understanding of the profound and inextricable links between cultural and biological diversity. Written by two of the leading lights in this new and growing field, it is filled with important information, case studies and analyses on a global scale." Nancy J. Turner, University of Victoria, Canada "At long last: an authoritative guide to biocultural conservation. This is a splendid illumination of the intermingled diversity of culture and nature ... revealing and revolutionary." Thomas E. Lovejoy, Biodiversity Chair, The Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment, USA "Maffi and Woodley ... do a great job of communicating best practices of biocultural diversity conservation." John Mulrow, Worldwatch Institute "Biocultural Diversity Conservation is an eye-operner: it sheds a whole new angle on biodiversity, culture and language in relation to the way the world is changing." William Critchley, WASWAC. "It is fascinating, and we, the scientific community, need to be aware of this extraordinaty and important relationship between plants, animals, culture and language." William Critchley, WASWAC. "The authors call for policies that value cultural diversity and creativity, empowering people, rather than distincing them from the knowledge and practices that have supported survival and adaptation over generations." New Agriculturist. "Biocultural diversity is a concept that had not meant too much to me before I traveled to Tofino. But the more I understood and thought about it the more sense it seemed to make. Biocultural diversity conservation--the preservation and respect of all human diversity within the diversity of the rest of life on Earth may be a good place to find solutions." David Braun, Tofino, Canada, Natgeo Newswatch. "This is truly a 'first resource of its kind'." Farming Matters, December 2010"This is a great interdisciplinary and inspiring sourcebook with a wealth of information about biocultural diversity directly from field experience, with useful information and guidelines for a wide range of readers, biologists, linguists, anthropologists, conservationists and policy-makers alike, but also anyone interested in environmental conservation will find this interesting […] If you were sceptical about the existence of the links between nature and culture, this book will convert you." Marie-Stéphanie Samain, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2012Table of ContentsForeword by Gonzalo Oviedo, IUCN Acknowledgments Introduction: Why a Sourcebook on Biocultural Diversity? Part I: Biocultural Diversity: Conceptual Framework 1. What Is Biocultural Diversity? 2. Why Is a Biocultural Approach Relevant for Sustaining Life in Nature and Culture? Part II: Sustaining Biocultural Diversity: The Projects 3. Surveying Biocultural Diversity Projects Around the World 4. Overview of the Projects 5. Cross-cutting Analysis of the Projects 6. Lessons Learned from the Projects Part III: Sustaining Biocultural Diversity: Future Directions 7. Filling the Gaps and Connecting the Dots: Recommendations and Next Steps 8. Biocultural Diversity and the Future of Sustainability References Appendix 1: Analytical Tables Appendix 2: Survey Details Appendix 3: Survey Contributor Information Appendix 4: Directory of Selected Resources on Biocultural Diversity Appendix 5: About Terralingua Appendix 6: About the Authors

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Book SynopsisIncreasing concern surrounding the loss of natural forests and the decline in biodiversity has lead to a rise in research and policy initiatives in recent years. However, interest has focused primarily on lowland tropical rainforests. Tropical montane and temperate rainforests, which face similar pressures from human activities and play major roles in the livelihood of rural communities, are often ignored. Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Fragmented Forest Landscapes is the product of over 10 years of intensive field research into the changing montane and temperate rainforests of Mexico and South America. By concentrating on these largely overlooked environments, the studies reported allow for comparative analysis across areas and help identify how human disturbance has impacted the biodiversity of all forest types. Chapters incorporate features of landscape ecology, floristic biodiversity, conservation and policy and vary from in-depth investigations of a single study area to integrated examinations across regions.Table of Contents1: Spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss and fragmentation in Mexico and Chile 2: Plant diversity in highly fragmented forest landscapes in Mexico and Chile: implications for conservation 3: Fragmentation and edge effects on plant-animal interactions, ecological processes and biodiversity 4: Habitat fragmentation and reproductive ecology of Embothrium coccineum, Eucryphia cordifolia and Aextoxicon punctatum in southern temperate rainforests 5: Patterns of genetic variation in tree species and their implications for conservation 6: Secondary succession under a slash-and-burn regime in a tropical montane cloud forest: soil and vegetation characteristics 7: The impact of logging and secondary succession on the below-ground system of a cloud forest in Mexico 8: Applying succession models to the conservation of tropical montane forest 9: Models of regional and local stand composition and dynamics of pine-oak forests in the Central Highlands of Chiapas (Mexico): theoretical and management implications 10: Process-based modelling of regeneration dynamics and sustainable use in species-rich rain forests 11: Testing forest biodiversity indicators by assessing anthropogenic impacts along disturbance gradients 12: Fire challenges to conserving tropical ecosystems: the case study of Chiapas 13: Identification of priority areas for conservation in South Central Chile 14: Restoration of forest ecosystems in fragmented landscapes of temperate and montane tropical Latin America 15: Future scenarios for tropical montane and south temperate forest biodiversity in Latin America

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Book SynopsisIn a perspective of sustainable management, the balance between ecological dynamics, social and economic are now at the heart of ecological modeling and environmental strategies screenwriting. Diversity and marine ecosystems function illustrates biodiversity, habitat diversity, structures and food webs in various oceans of the world and systems: pelagic and benthic ecosystems, coral reefs and seagrass beds, oasis of hydrothermal vents ridges or areas rich upwelling. Appropriate observation methods, long-term monitoring and modeling reveal the complexity of systems, trophic interactions and spatiotemporal dynamics. The ecosystem approach is a prerequisite to assess the state of these systems, their living resources and ecological services involved in local and global environmental changes.Table of ContentsForeword ixAndré MARIOTTI and Jean-Charles POMEROL Chapter 1. Marine Biosphere, Carbonate Systems and the Carbon Cycle 1Luc BEAUFORT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Marine organisms and carbon 3 1.3. Variability in the production of organic matter 4 1.4. From the biosphere to the atmosphere to climate 7 1.5. Carbonate production 9 1.5.1. Importance of biological carbonate production in the evolution of the planet 10 1.5.2. Carbonate compensation depth 12 1.5.3. Carbonates and climate 15 1.6. The coupling of carbonaceous and organic productions 16 1.7. Modification of equilibria and consequences on marine life 17 1.8. Conclusion 20 1.9. Bibliography 21 Chapter 2. Biodiversity of Phytoplankton: Responses to Environmental Changes in Coastal Zones 25Tania HERNÁNDEZ-FARIÑAS and Cédric BACHER 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Phytoplankton ecology 26 2.2.1. General characteristics 26 2.2.2. Lifecycle 28 2.2.3. Spatial distribution32 2.2.4. Temporal variability and successions 33 2.2.5. Adaptive strategies 35 2.2.6. Functional diversity 40 2.2.7. Ecological niche 42 2.3. Phytoplankton responses to anthropogenic pressures 44 2.3.1. Main sources of anthropogenic variability 45 2.3.2. Responses with regard to biomass, abundance and species composition 48 2.3.3. Changes in spatial distribution 54 2.3.4. Changes in phenology and amplitude of blooms 56 2.3.5. Size spectrum 59 2.4. Observation systems for the identification of phytoplankton 60 2.4.1. Detecting changes in time series 60 2.4.2. Taxonomic aggregation levels 63 2.5. Conclusion 65 2.6. Bibliography 66 Chapter 3. Marine Seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) in the Intertropical Zone 81Christian HILY 3.1. From plant to habitat 81 3.1.1. Taxonomy and morphology of marine magnoliophyta 81 3.1.2. Biogeography 85 3.1.3. The seagrass habitat 86 3.2. Role of seagrass beds in the coastal environment 87 3.3. Functioning of seagrass beds 89 3.3.1. Production and metabolism 89 3.3.2. Trophic network 90 3.4. Challenges in the conservation of seagrass beds 92 3.4.1. Rare and endangered species 92 3.4.2. Specific role of seagrasses: ichthyofauna of coastal environments 93 3.4.3. Services provided by seagrass beds to humans 95 3.5. Pressures on and threats to seagrasses 95 3.5.1. Cyclones 96 3.5.2. Emersion 96 3.5.3. Global climate change 96 3.5.4. Fishing 97 3.5.5. Boating and water sports 98 3.5.6. The extraction of sandy or coral materials 98 3.5.7. Amenities 98 3.5.8. Terrigenous effluents 98 3.5.9. Harvesting 99 3.6. Restoration of seagrass beds 100 3.7. The functional role of seagrasses in the lagoon ecosystem 101 3.8. Conclusion 103 3.9. Bibliography 104 Chapter 4. Biocomplexity of Coral Ecosystems: Diversity in All its States 107Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 4.1. Introduction 107 4.2. Diversity in the coral world 111 4.2.1. Overview. 112 4.2.2. Diversity of the main constituents of coral reefs 119 4.3. Links between diversities 138 4.3.1. From local to regional 138 4.3.2. From species to function 143 4.4. Conclusion 154 4.5. Bibliography 155 Chapter 5. Man and Diversity in the Coral Environment 165Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 5.1. Introduction 165 5.2. Diversity and ecological services 166 5.2.1. Main ecological services 166 5.2.2. Diversity, robustness, resilience and disturbances 180 5.3. Local versus global threats: what are local threats and what are their effects? 186 5.3.1. Eutrophication 187 5.3.2. Pollution by chemical products and hydrocarbons 189 5.3.3. Impacts of coastal development 190 5.3.4. Coral diseases 191 5.4. What are the combined effects of local and global threats on corals? 192 5.5. Functions and diversity 194 5.5.1. What to protect? 194 5.5.2. Protection means 197 5.6. Conclusion 208 5.6.1. Reefs as a model? 208 5.6.2. Do coral reefs have a future? 209 5.7. Bibliography 210 Chapter 6. Hydrothermal Vents: Oases at Depth 225Jozée SARRAZIN and Daniel DESBRUYÈRES 6.1. Introduction to deep-sea ecosystems 225 6.2. Discovery of hydrothermal sources 228 6.3. Geology and geochemistry of hydrothermal systems 229 6.3.1. Formation of hydrothermal vents 229 6.3.2. Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids 232 6.4. Microbial chemosynthesis 233 6.5. Symbioses and trophic chains 236 6.5.1. Symbioses 236 6.5.2. Trophic network 241 6.6. Distribution of fauna at different spatial scales 244 6.6.1. Ridges of the East Pacific 244 6.6.2. Ridges of the Northeast Pacific 245 6.6.3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge 246 6.6.4. Sites in the West Pacific 248 6.6.5. Ridges in the Indian Ocean 250 6.6.6. Ridges in the Southern Ocean 252 6.6.7. Cayman Ridge 253 6.6.8. Biogeography of deep hydrothermal vents 254 6.7. Faunal microdistribution and interactions 255 6.7.1. Environmental conditions 256 6.7.2. Biotic interactions 263 6.8. Temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems 265 6.8.1. Temporal studies associated with an eruption 266 6.8.2. Temporal studies of active sites 269 6.8.3. Deep-sea observatories 272 6.8.4. Dispersion of larvae and recruitment 273 6.9. Mineral resources and exploitation 275 6.10. Bibliography 279 List of Authors 293 Index 295

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to assess a variety of economic issues as they relate to agro-biodiversity and show how addressing these issues can assist in agro-biodiversity policy-making. This is illustrated using empirical data from some of the countries (Ethiopia, Nepal and Zambia) which are part of the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative. The empirical chapters apply the relevant economic methods, including regression analysis, choice experiments, hedonic pricing, contingent valuation and farm business income analysis. The authors discuss the economics of managing crop diversity on-farm in the context of crop variety attribute preferences, farmers' perception of agro-biodiversity loss, and value addition and marketing of the products of traditional crop varieties. The case studies include detailed analysis of traditional varieties of groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum, and teff. The results are relevant not only to GRPI countries but also to other countries concerned with the sustainable utilization of these resources. Overall, the studies illustrate how genetic resources issues can be integrated into rural development interventions.Trade Review'The book by Wale and collaborators helps to enlighten us about the deep rooted causes of agro-biodiversity loss. A very valuable addition to the libraries of policy makers, scientists and environmental and development NGOs concerned with this global problem.' Dr. Unai Pascual, Lecturer, Department of Land Economy, Cambridge 'Based on the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative (GRPI), which aims to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to design comprehensive policy frameworks for genetic resources, this book aims to document the range of economic issues of relevance to agro-biodiversity policy. In so doing, it succeeds to link results based on scientific, in this case economic, work to policy recommendations and thereby contributing to both the scientific as well as the policy discussion. Its major contribution to the scientific discussion is the application of various economic approaches (e.g., choice experiments, hedonic pricing, variety attribute preference ranking, contingent valuation and farm business income analysis) to empirically analyze the value chains of plant genetic resources used in food production. In that way the multi-dimensions of in situ conservation become better understood and it is easier to integrate in situ conservation policies into rural development interventions to address potential policy trade-offs. The enhanced economic understanding of the decision processes enables the improved design of well targeted conservation policies for both the traditional varieties well marketable (de facto conserved) and the threatened varieties, which need clear (financial) compensatory measures to be maintained by the farmers. By doing so, the book takes forward the policy discussion to make the conservation of plant genetic resources (used in food production) part of the broader rural development agenda.' Dr. Detlef Virchow, Food Security Center (FSC), University of Hohenheim, GermanyTable of ContentsPreface List of Contributors Part I: Setting the Scene 1. Introduction: Setting the Scene for GRPI Economics Part II: Variety Trait Preferences and On-Farm Conservation Policy 2. Economic Analysis of Ethiopian Farmers' Preferences for Crop Variety Attributes: A Choice Experiment Approach 3. Valuation of Rice Diversity in Nepal: A Trait-based Approach 4. Farmers' Perceptions on Replacement and Loss of Traditional Crop Varieties: Examples from Ethiopia and Implications Part III: Market Value Chains, Commercialization and On-farm Conservation Policy 5. Consumers' Attribute Preferences and Traders' Challenges Affecting the Use of Local Maize and Groundnut Varieties in Lusaka: Implications for Crop Diversity Policy 6. Commercialization and Market Linkages for Promoting the Use of Local Rice Varieties: A Nepalese Case Study Part IV: Conclusions and Outlook 7. Findings, Conclusions, Implications and Outlook Index

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Book SynopsisMany traditional approaches to rural land management are strictly sectoral, with a rigid introspective focus. Consequently the impact of silo-driven change on other land users they can often be overlooked or not appreciated. This book critically reviews why there has yet to be a clear route to upland resource management and provides insight and options for integrated transdisciplinary land management solutions for rural areas, specifically uplands. It considers the problem in order to derive appropriate solutions enhanced by a number of in-depth case studies by resource management professionals and the use of many examples of contemporary good practice from different uplands, organisations, projects and programmes.The overarching approach of the book is to provide a tool kit for those individuals, groups or organisations looking to manage the upland resource for the benefit of all. Readers are provided with a range of practical options to develop their own solutions. The book is written in such a way that readers can dip in and out of sections to plug knowledge gaps or read in its entirety for those experiencing a first foray into the complexities of upland resource management.Increasingly, rural areas are becoming recognised as a wider resource beyond traditional food, fibre and water, leading to inevitable management tensions. Goal setting, vision and strategy development, management planning, aims, objectives and prescription (actions) are considered and some of the new agendas for resource use in uplands which may be worth consideration for individual projects are explored. This comprehensive book deals with the implementation, advantages and disadvantages of a range of traditional and contemporary resource management approaches which are then expanded upon by a range of resource management professionals based on their own experiences. These case studies demonstrate the development of more effective projects and the book concludes by considering how work can be monitored and evaluated before ideas are synthesised for best practice.Trade Review'...this is a competent and thorough contribution, demostrating extensive knowledge and diligent research. It should serve as a standard reference of rural planning and economics, agriculture, human geography etc. It is also relevant to specialists within government departments, local authorities, national park administrations, environmental charities, environmental consultancies, land and forestry agents and larger rural estate offices...' Scottish Forestry, the RSFS journal​ -------------------- `A wonderfully comprehensive and insightful exploration of the multiplicity of issues affecting the uplands. The focus boxes are really good'. John Clarkson, Senior Lecturer Wildlife Conservation, Nottingham Trent University -------------------- `...we need more and better livelihoods in the uplands - Lois Mansfield's new book shows, with some much needed intellectual rigour, how this can be achieved. There's a nice set of tables...giving a pick-and-mix menu for upland resource management which is well worth thumbing through'. Alan Spedding, RuSource the rural information network and Royal Agricultural Society of England Members' Agri-Bulletin -------------------- `...an invaluable blueprint for the future. ...a narrative, interspersed with diagrams, coloured charts, tables, lists of all kinds to which you can refer for evidence and information. The results of an immense amount of research are summarised and acknowledged. Most interesting are the large sections of case studies of `working with people', and `working with territories'. ...this most complete reference book for the professionals, the scientist, the academic, or the amateur upland enthusiast. It's a one-book degree-course - highly recommended'. George Macpherson, Consultant Editor to Appropriate Technology MagazineTable of ContentsUpland resource management: why has it failed?; The character of traditional upland resource use; Setting goals for uplands; Resource appraisal techniques; Approaches to resource management; Case studies: working with people; Case studies: working with territories; Monitoring and evaluation; Upland resource management: new agendas; Glossary; References; Index

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