Biochemistry Books

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Book SynopsisThis series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. It contains short and concise reports on chemistry, each written by the world renowned experts. The series is still valid and useful after five or ten years. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content is available at: springerlink.com.Table of ContentsG.L. Beretta, F. Zunino: Molecular Mechanisms of Anthracycline Activity.- P. Menna, E. Salvatorelli, L. Gianni, G. Minotti: Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity.- M.L. Capobianco, C.V. Catapano: Daunomycin-TFO Conjugates for Downregulation of Gene Expression.- F. Kratz: Acid-Sensitive Prodrugs of Doxorubicin.- J.-C. Florent, C. Monneret: Doxorubicin Conjugates for Selective Delivery to Tumors.- T.H. Koch, B.L. Barthel, B.T. Kalet, D.L. Rudnicki, G.C. Post, D.J. Burkhart: Anthracycline–Formaldehyde Conjugates and Their Targeted Prodrugs - F.-M. Arcamone: Sabarubicin.- M. Broggini: Nemorubicin

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Book SynopsisMetabolic research and especially that which focuses on the monooxygenase cytochrome P450 system has gone through dramatic progressive changes within the last decade. Availability of highly sophisticated analytical techniques has contributed to increased molecular understanding of biotransformation pathways. Nowadays designer drugs are computer composable focussing on metabolic stability. The rapid development of recombinant enzymes has, in many cases, replaced the intensive work on P450 isolation from naturally occurring sources. Recombinant P450s can be expressed in cell lines and thus made available for reproducible and constant use addressig a large number of scientific questions. This book describes the present position of such research.Table of Contents1 Xenobiotic Metabolism: From Intact Biosystem to Single Enzymes.- 2 Regulation of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450.- 3 Cytochrome P450 in Human Drug Metabolism: How Much Is Predictable?.- 4 Metabolic Activation of Anticancer Oxazaphosphorines by Cytochrome P450s: Development of a Model for Cancer Gene Therapy.- 5 The Use of Bacteria for Cytochrome P450 Expression.- 6 Expression of Cytochromes P450 in Yeast: Practical Aspects.- 7 Human Cells as an Expression System for Cytochromes P450.- 8 Metabolic Reactions and Recombinant Isoenzymes of Cytochrome P450: Information Generated and Value for Pharmaceutical Development.- 9 The Importance of Cytochrome P450 3A Enzymes in Drug Metabolism.- 10 Strategies for Verifying the Involvement of Specific Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Xenobiotic Metabolism.- 11 Regulation of Cytochromes P450 by Substrate Interactions.- 12 Strategies for the Use of Single Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Drug Research and Future Prospects.

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Book Synopsis​Plant signalling has emerged as an integrated field which has become indispensable in recent times to study any biological process. Over the last decade, an enormous amount of information has been generated in this field and the advances in information technology gave birth to bioinformatics which has helped greatly in managing the galaxy of information. It is now possible to view the different information’s in a systems biology approach which has unravelled the association/ new processes and thus helped us enormously in understanding of the biological processes. The present book is an attempt at understanding the plant signalling processes with different perspectives. Even though the plants are sessile but there exists a tremendous interconnected network of perception at morphological, physiological and molecular levels. The impact of the surrounding environment in terms of abiotic and biotic stresses is significant in terms of its survival, adaptation and productivity for the human welfare. The plants possess a wide array of processes at the organ, tissue and cellular levels which are governed by a plethora of molecules. The molecules govern individual processes and these exists a cross talk between them to form a complex network of processes. The book tries to envision how different processes are operating at different points in the life cycle of the plant.Table of Contents1. Plant signaling: response to reactive oxygen species.- 2. SNARE proteins as signalling elements.- 3. Plant Rab GTPases in membrane trafficking and signaling.- 4."PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 as signalling phosphoinositides involved in tip growth ".- 5. Sugar signaling in plant growth and development.- 6. Nitrogen regulation and signalling in plants.- 7. "Phosphorus deficiency in plants: responses, adaptive mechanisms and signaling".- 8. Reactive oxygen species-associated mechanism of acclamatory stress tolerance, signaling and redox-regulated gene expression in plants.- 9. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels-Essential signalling components in plants for fertilization and immunity responses.- 10. Signaling in response to cold stress.- 11. Cell Signaling during Drought and Salt Stress.- 12. Heat signaling and stress responses in photosynthesis.- 13. Senescence: Regulation and Signaling.- 14. Molecular builders of cell walls of Lignocellulosic feedstock: a source for biofuels.- 15. Recent Trends in Jasmonate Signaling Pathway.- 16. Salicylic acid signaling.- 17. Ethylene signaling in plants- introspection.- 18. Plant, Mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial network.- 19. Self-Incompatibility patterns and signal transduction.- 20. Plant Disease Resistance genes: From perception to signal transduction.

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Book SynopsisThis book is unique in presenting all aspects of water. It includes discussion of the theory of a water molecule, its properties, both in the pure state and as a solvent. In particular, it emphasizes the relevance of water to life.Water is the most important liquid. It is also a vital component of all living systems. It has very unusual properties which makes it the most interesting for research and study.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a guide for advanced undergraduates, post-graduates and researchers to the fundamental principles in studying kinetics and mechanism of processes concerning proteins. It provides a rare broad overview that concentrates on fundamental principles and understanding underlying the physics and chemistry. It is a single author text by someone who has direct experience in all of the areas covered.

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Book SynopsisThe book is divided into six major sections 1) Enzyme Catalysis A Perspective, 2) Enzyme Kinetic Practice and Measurements, 3) Elucidation of Kinetic Mechanisms, 4) Chemical Mechanisms and Catalysis, 5) Exploiting Enzymes, and 6) An end piece on Frontiers in Enzymology.

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Book SynopsisBioanalysis of Pharmaceuticals: Sample Preparation, Separation Techniques and Mass Spectrometry is the first student textbook on the separation science and mass spectrometry of pharmaceuticals present in biological fluids with an educational presentation of the principles, concepts and applications. It discusses the chemical structures and properties of low- and high-molecular drug substances; the different types of biological samples and fluids that are used; how to prepare the samples by extraction, and how to perform the appropriate analytical measurements by chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Bioanalysis of Pharmaceuticals: Sample Preparation, Separation Techniques and Mass Spectrometry: Is an introductory student textbook discussing the different principles and concepts clearly and comprehensively, with many relevant and educational examples Focuses on substances that are administered as human drugs, including low-moleculaTable of ContentsContributing Authors ix Preface xi 1. Introduction 1Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard 1.1 What Is Bioanalysis? 1 1.2 What Is the Purpose of Bioanalysis, and Where Is It Conducted? 2 1.3 Bioanalysis Is Challenging 6 1.4 The Different Sections of This Textbook 7 2. Physicochemical Properties of Drug Substances 9Steen Honoré Hansen and Leon Reubsaet 2.1 Bioanalysis in General 9 2.2 Protolytic Properties of Analytes 10 2.3 Partitioning of Substances 12 2.4 Stereochemistry 15 2.5 Peptides and Proteins 18 3. Biological Samples: Their Composition and Properties, and Their Collection and Storage 23Steen Honoré Hansen 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Blood, or Whole Blood 24 3.3 Plasma and Serum 26 3.4 Urine 26 3.5 Feces 27 3.6 Saliva 28 3.7 Cerebrospinal Fluid 28 3.8 Synovial Fluid 28 3.9 Hair and Nails 29 3.10 Tissue (Biopsies) 29 4. General Chromatographic Theory and Principles 31Steen Honoré Hansen 4.1 General Introduction 31 4.2 General Chromatographic Theory 32 4.3 Theory of Partition 33 4.4 Retention 34 4.5 Separation Efficiency 35 4.6 Resolution 36 4.7 Selectivity 37 4.8 The Separation Process 38 4.9 Chromatographic Principles 41 4.10 Reversed Phase Chromatography 45 4.11 Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) 54 4.12 Ion Exchange Chromatography 56 4.13 Chiral Separations 57 5. Quantitative and Qualitative Chromatographic Analysis 61Steen Honoré Hansen 5.1 Collection of Chromatographic Data 61 5.2 Quantitative Measurements 62 5.3 Calibration Methods 63 5.4 Validation 67 5.5 Qualitative Analysis 69 6. Sample Preparation 73Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard, Astrid Gjelstad, and Trine Grønhaug Halvorsen 6.1 Why Is Sample Preparation Required? 73 6.2 What Are the Main Strategies? 75 6.3 Protein Precipitation 75 6.4 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 80 6.5 Solid-Phase Extraction 94 6.6 Dilute and Shoot 110 6.7 What Are the Alternative Strategies? 113 7. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) 123Steen Honoré Hansen and Leon Reubsaet 7.1 Introduction 123 7.2 The Solvent Delivery System 125 7.3 Degassing and Filtering of Mobile Phases 127 7.4 Injection of Samples 128 7.5 Temperature Control 128 7.6 Mobile Phases 129 7.7 Stationary Phases and Columns 130 7.8 Detectors 135 7.9 Mass Spectrometric Detection 143 8. Gas Chromatography (GC) 173Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard 8.1 Basic Principles of GC 173 8.2 GC Instrumentation 174 8.3 Carrier Gas 177 8.4 Stationary Phases 178 8.5 Separation Selectivity in GC 180 8.6 Columns 182 8.7 Injection Systems 183 8.8 Detectors 185 8.9 Derivatization 187 8.10 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 188 9. Analysis of Small-Molecule Drugs in Biological Fluids 207Steen Honoré Hansen and Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard 9.1 Plasma and Serum Samples 207 9.2 Whole Blood Samples 234 9.3 Dried Blood Spots 241 9.4 Urine Samples 245 9.5 Saliva 253 References 259 10. Analysis of Peptide and Protein Drugs in Biological Fluids 261Leon Reubsaet and Trine Grønhaug Halvorsen References 282 11. Regulated Bioanalysis and Guidelines 283Martin Jørgensen and Morten A. Kall 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 The Evolution of Regulated Bioanalysis 284 11.3 Bioanalytical Method Validation 286 11.4 Pre-study Validation 287 11.5 In-Study Validation 299 11.6 Documentation 300 11.7 Regulatory Requirements to Bioanalysis 300 11.8 Quality Systems in Regulated Bioanalysis 301 Index 305

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Table of ContentsPART I: Biologic and Molecular Basis for Regenerative Medicine PART II: Cells and Tissue Development PART III: Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine PART IV: Therapeutic Applications Section A: Cell Therapy Section B: Tissue Therapy PART V: Regulation and Ethics

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Book SynopsisTerpenoids are the secondary metabolites of plant derivatives, mainly found in essential oils derived from higher plant sources. Terpenes are simple hydrocarbons, whereas terpenoids are modified terpenes containing different functional groups and oxidised methyl groups. This volume includes seven chapters examining topics related to terpenes and terpenoids. Chapter One describes mono- and sesquiterpenoids isolated from plants of the Inula L. genus and discusses biological activity of extracts and individual sesquiterpene lactones. Chapter Two covers the nature of terpenoids together with their biological activities and their isolation from endemic species from the Asteraceae family growing in Algerian Sahara and used as medicinal plants. Chapter Three introduces a catalyst system using Keggin heteropolyacid salts and hydrogen peroxide to epoxidise terpenic alcohols. Chapter Four examines the phyto-active components of terpenoids as sources of insecticide. Chapter Five describes how organic compounds containing functional groups like ketone, alcohol, and epoxide undergo rearrangement with sulfuric acid, yielding unexpected results. Chapter Six focuses on alkoxylation of terpenes over heterogenous catalysts. Lastly, Chapter Seven presents a discussion about the importance of Brazilian flora for herbal medicine.Table of ContentsPreface; Terpenoids of Inula L.Genus Plants; Phytochemical Prospection of Biologically Active Terpenoids from Saharan Endemic Medicinal Plants; Keggin Heteropolyacid Salts-Catalyzed Terpenes Epoxide Synthesis; Terpenoids: The Phyto-Active Components as Sources of Insecticide; Sulfuric Acid Promoted Molecular Rearrangement: Applications in Synthesis of Terpenoid Compounds; Alkoxylation of Terpenes over Heterogenous Catalysts; Characteristics and Applications of Terpenes and Terpenoids from Brazilian Flora; Index.

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Book SynopsisDie 3., korrigierte Auflage der bewährten Einführung in die Biochemie präsentiert erneut die Schlüsselkonzepte des Faches in verständlicher Form - kompakt, anschaulich, didaktisch durchdacht. Das bestens eingeführte Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende der Medizin, Biologie und Chemie, die einen fundierten und leicht zugänglichen Überblick über das Gesamtgebiet der Biochemie suchen, ohne in der Fülle der modernen biochemisch-molekularbiologischen Erkenntnisse den Boden unter den Füßen zu verlieren. Dem Autor gelingt es, die Grundlagen, Leitmotive und Schlüsselkonzepte der Biochemie herauszuarbeiten und dem Leser somit das Rüstzeug für erfolgreiche Prüfungen wie auch für die spätere Vertiefung in die weiterführende Literatur zu liefern. Konzeptionell durchdacht vermittelt das Buch in fünf Teilen I: Molekulare Architektur des Lebens II: Struktur und Funktion von Proteinen III: Speicherung und Ausprägung von Erbinformation IV: Signaltr ansduktion und zelluläre FunktionV: Energiewandlung und Biosynthesenicht nur das Grundwissen der Biochemie, sondern veranschaulicht auch das Gedankengebäude dieser dynamischen Disziplin. Schlüsselbegriffe und wichtige Biomoleküle sind im Text hervorgehoben. Eine Fülle von Querverweisen schafft Zusammenhänge zwischen den Abschnitten und Kapiteln. Ausformulierte Zwischenüberschriften können als Merksätze zur schnellen Rekapitulation dienen. Maus-Symbole verweisen auf Websites, die in einer umfangreichen Link-Sammlung im Internet zur Verfügung stehen und weiterführende Informationen zu einzelnen Themen liefern. Zahlreiche Exkurse werfen Schlaglichter auf interessante biochemische und pathobiochemische Phänomene - ob es sich um die molekulare Basis menschlicher Krankheiten, wichtige Untersuchungsmethoden, spezielle Molekülstrukturen oder zellbiologische Prozesse handelt. Zur schnellen Orientierung sind die wichtigsten Biomoleküle nach Gruppen geordnet auf 15 ganzseitigen Tafeln dargestellt sowie sämtliche im Buch aufgeführten Hormone mit ihren Rezeptoren und Signalwegen als kompakte Übersicht im Tafelteil präsentiert.Eine Besonderheit des Buches sind die mehr als tausend Grafiken, die eine unverwechselbare Handschrift - plakativ, klar, verständlich - tragen und in dichter Folge die im Text vorgestellten Phänomene und Prozesse veranschaulichen.Die vorgegebenen Ausbildungsinhalte für Mediziner in der Biochemie sind durch das Buch nahezu vollständig abgedeckt. Auch das - in der neuen Approbationsordnung betonte - Zusammenwachsen von Biochemie und Molekularbiologie spiegelt sich im Buch wider.Mit diesem klar gegliederten und verständlich geschriebenen Lehrbuch macht es einfach Spaß, Biochemie zu lernen!Table of ContentsTeil I: Molekulare Architektur des Lebens1. Chemie - Basis des Lebens2. Biomoleküle - Bausteine des Lebens3. Zellen - Organisation des LebensTeil II: Struktur und Funktion von Proteinen4. Proteine - Werkzeuge der Zelle5. Ebenen der Proteinarchitektur6. Proteine auf dem Prüfstand7. Erforschung der Proteinstruktur8. Proteine als Strukturträger9. Proteine als molekulare Motoren10. Dynamik sauerstoffbindender Proteine11. Proteine als molekulare Katalysatoren12. Mechanismen der Katalyse13. Regulation der Enzymaktivität14. Enzymkaskaden des Bluts15. Evolution der ProteineTeil III: Speicherung und Ausprägung von Erbinformation16. Nucleinsäuren - Struktur und Organisation17. Transkription - Umschrift genetischer Information18. Translation - Decodierung genetischer Information19. Posttranslationale Prozessierung und Sortierung von Proteinen20. Kontrolle der Genexpression21. Replikation - Kopieren genetischer Information22. Analyse und Manipulation von Nucleinsäuren23. Veränderung genetischer InformationTeil IV: Signaltransduktion und zelluläre Funktion24. Struktur und Dynamik biologischer Membranen25. Proteine als Funktionsträger von Biomembranen26. Ionenpumpen und Membrankanäle27. Prinzipien der interzellulären Kommunikation 28. Signaltransduktion über G-Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptoren29. Signaltransduktion über enzymgekoppelte Rezeptoren30. Hormonelle Steuerung komplexer Systeme31. Molekulare Physiologie des Gastrointestinaltrakts32. Neuronale Erregung und Transmission33. Struktur und Dynamik des Cytoskeletts34. Zellzyklus und programmierter Zelltod35. Molekulare Basis von Krebsentstehung und Krebsbekämpfung36. Angeborenes und erworbenes Immunsystem37. Erforschung und Entwicklung neuer ArzneistoffeTeil V: Energiewandlung und Biosynthese38. Grundprinzipien des Metabolismus39. Glykolyse - Prototyp eines Stoffwechselwegs40. Citratzyklus - zentrale Drehscheibe des Metabolismus41. Oxidative Phosphorylierung - Elektronentransport und ATP-Synthese42. Pentosephosphatweg - ein adaptives Stoffwechselmodul43. Gluconeogenese und Cori-Zyklus44. Biosynthese und Abbau von Glykogen45. Fettsäuresynthese und ß-Oxidation46. Biosynthese von Cholesterin, Steroiden und Membranlipiden47. Abbau von Aminosäuren und Harnstoffzyklus48. Biosynthese von Aminosäuren und Häm49. Bereitstellung und Verwertung von Nucleotiden50. Koordination und Integration des Stoffwechsels

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Book SynopsisA pharmacologist and a veterinarian pull back the curtain on the human and animal health effects of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”  Across the country, fracking—the extraction of natural gas by hydraulic fracturing—is being touted as the nation’s answer to energy independence and a fix for a flagging economy. Drilling companies assure us that the process is safe, politicians push through drilling legislation without a serious public-health debate, and those who speak out are marginalized, their silence purchased by gas companies and their warnings about the dangers of fracking stifled.   The Real Cost of Fracking pulls back the curtain on how this toxic process endangers the environment and harms people, pets, and livestock. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Robert Oswald, a pharmacologist, combine their expertise to show how contamination at drilling sites translates into ill health and heartbreak

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Book SynopsisText in English & French. Proceedings of the International Congress on Cellular & Molecular Aspects of Glucronidation held in Montpellier (France), 27-29 April 1988.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides a strong foundation and a clear overview for students of membrane biology and an invaluable synthesis of cutting-edge research for working scientists. The text retains its clear and engaging style, providing a solid background in membrane biochemistry, while also incorporating the approaches of biophysics, genetics and cell biology to investigations of membrane structure, function and biogenesis to provide a unique overview of this fast-moving field. A wealth of new high resolution structures of membrane proteins are presented, including the Na/K pump and a receptor-G protein complex, offering exciting insights into how they function. All key tools of current membrane research are described, including detergents and model systems, bioinformatics, protein-folding methodology, crystallography and diffraction, and molecular modeling. This comprehensive and up-to-date text, emphasising the correlations between membrane research and human health, provides a solid founTable of ContentsDedication; Preface; 1. Introduction; 2. The diversity of membrane lipids; 3. Tools for studying membrane components; 4. Proteins in or at the bilayer; 5. Bundles and barrels; 6. Functions and families; 7. Protein folding and biogenesis; 8. Diffraction and simulation; 9. Membrane enzymes; 10. Membrane receptors; 11. Transporters; 12. Channels; 13. Electron transport and energy transduction; 14. In pursuit of complexity; Appendix I. Abbreviations; Appendix II. Single-letter codes for amino acids; Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn about the state of the art in building artificial membranes and synthetic biological devices, and in constructing mathematical models for their dynamics at multiple time and spatial scales with this comprehensive book. Drawing on recent advances in bioengineering and biochemistry, it describes how to engineer tethered bilayer lipid membranes, bioelectronic interfaces, high-resolution biosensors, and diagnostic devices for non-invasive cellular measurements and electroporation. Multi-physics models combining atomistic (molecular dynamics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics), mesoscopic (PoissonNernstPlanck), and macroscopic (reaction-rate theory) dynamics provide a complete structure-to-function description of these devices. Experiments and dynamic models explain how anti-microbial peptides penetrate membranes, how molecular machine biosensors built out of artificial membranes can detect femtomolar concentrations, and how electroporation can be controlled. Supported by atomisticTable of ContentsPart I. Background: 1. Motivation and outline; 2. Biochemistry for engineers: a short primer; 3. Engineered artificial membranes; Part II. Building Engineered Membranes, Devices and Experimental Results: 4. Formation of engineered tethered membranes; 5. Ion-channel switch biosensor; 6. Physiochemical membrane platforms; 7. Experimental measurement methods for engineered membranes; Part III. Dynamic Models for Artificial Membranes: Atoms-to-Device: 8. Reaction-rate constrained models for engineered membranes; 9. Reaction-rate constrained models for the ICS biosensor; 10. Diffusion constrained continuum models of engineered membranes; 11. Electroporation models in engineered artificial membranes; 12. Electroporation measurements in engineered membranes; 13. Electrophysiological response of ion channels and cells; 14. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics; 15. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation models; 16. Closing summary for part III: from atoms to device; Appendices: Appendix A. Elementary primer on partial differential equations (PDE); Appendix B. Tutorial on coarse-grained molecular dynamics with peptides.

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores techniques that study interactions between proteins in different species, and combines them with context-specific data, analysis of omics datasets, and assembles individual interactions into higher-order semantic units, i.e., protein complexes and functional modules.Table of ContentsPreface…Table of Contents…Contributing Authors…1. Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions using SPRINTYiwei Li and Lucian Ilie2. Automated Extraction and Visualization of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks and Beyond: A Text Mining ProtocolKalpana Raja, Jeyakumar Natarajan, Finn Kuusisto, John Steill, Ian Ross, James Thomson, and Ron Stewart3. Construction of Functional Protein Networks using Domain Profile AssociationsJung Eun Shim and Insuk Lee4. Reconstruction of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks using Homology-Based Search: Application to the Autophagy Pathway of Ageing in Podospora anserinaIna Koch, Oliver Philipp, Andrea Hamann, and Heinz Osiewacz5. Predicting Interacting Protein Pairs by Co-Evolutionary Paralog MatchingThomas Gueudré, Carlo Baldassi, Andrea Pagnani, and Martin Weigt6. A Web-Based Protocol for Inter-Protein Contact Prediction by Deep LearningXiaoyang Jing, Hong Zeng, Sheng Wang, and Jinbo Xu7. Visual Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Docking Models using COZOID ToolJ. Byska, A. Jurcik, K. Furmanova, B. Kozlikova, and J.J. Palecek8. Path-LZerD: Predicting Assembly Order of Multimeric Protein ComplexesGenki Terashi, Charles Christoffer, and Daisuke Kihara9. Embedding Alternative Conformations of Proteins in Protein-Protein Interaction NetworksFarideh Halakou, Attila Gursoy, and Ozlem Keskin10. Informed Use of Protein-Protein Interaction Data: A Focus on the Integrated Interactions Database (IID)Chiara Pastrello, Max Kotlyar, and Igor Jurisica11. Generation and Interpretation of Context-Specific Human Protein-Protein Interaction Networks with HIPPIEGregorio Alanis-Lobato and Martin H. Schaefer12. Explore Protein-Protein Interactions for Cancer Target Discovery using the OncoPPi PortalAndrey A. Ivanov13. Perform Pathway Enrichment Analysis using ReactomeFIVizRobin Haw, Fred Loney, Edison Ong, Yongqun He, and Guanming Wu14. De Novo Pathway Enrichment with KeyPathwayMinerNicolas Alcaraz, Anne Hartebrodt, and Markus List15. De Novo Pathway-Based Classification of Breast Cancer SubtypesMarkus List, Nicolas Alcaraz, and Richa Batra16. Vienna Graph ClusteringSonja Biedermann , Monika Henzinger , Christian Schulz, and Bernhard Schuster17. On TD-WGcluster - Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for the User Angela Re and Paola Lecca 18. An Introductory Guide to Aligning Networks using SANA, the Simulated Annealing Network Aligner Wayne B. Hayes

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Book SynopsisLatin America is one of the most diverse but also vulnerable regions in the world that is under continuous anthropogenic pressure due to increasing urban, industrial and agricultural developments. Although there are many research groups studying the impacts caused by those pressures, the results and conclusions obtained by many of them are largely unknown because their studies are mostly published at the local or regional scale. Ecotoxicology in Latin America represents an effort to collect and share research performed in Latin America in the area of ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment, presenting a collection of relevant and innovative studies focused on the following topics: (i) Contaminant entrance, transportation, distribution and fate; (ii) Environmental risk in freshwater ecosystems; (iii) Ecological risk in coastal zones; (iv) Biomonitoring programs: water, sediment and air; (v) Physiological effects and biomarkers; (vi) Soil ecotoxicology; (vii) Bioaccumulation and human risk; (viii) Toxicity of emerging contaminants; and (ix) Frontiers in Ecotoxicology. This selection of topics aims at covering the most important subjects and applications of ecotoxicology, including classical and novel subjects. Therefore, this book contains chapters related to different environmental compartments prone to contamination (water, sediment, soil and air), to different contamination sources (agriculture, industry, urban discharges and natural emissions), and to multiple biological responses at different organizational levels (individual to ecosystems, including human beings). It is envisioned to have an international projection within and beyond Latin American countries, as it is a great opportunity to increase the networks not only among Latin American research teams working on similar subjects, but also with teams from other regions. The idea of this book was to favour the connection among groups to quickly improve the development of methods and their application in ecotoxicological and environmental risk studies in Latin America. This book will be useful to important sectors of environmental sciences and related areas, and to specific target demographics such as students and researchers acting in environmental studies, and decision-makers (i.e., politicians and environmental organizations). Ecotoxicology in Latin America presents 34 chapters authored by 111 researchers from 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela) and from 6 non-Latin American countries (Austria, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and USA).

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Book SynopsisThis book provides research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field, as well as compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of biochemistry research.

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Book SynopsisThis book opens with a discussion on the clinical applications of comet assay. Comet assay is rapid, simple method which able to assess DNA damage in different samples like blood, cells and tissues. Following this, the authors examine comet assay usage in occupational toxicology studies. Isolated lymphocytes were the most used cell line in these studies, but exfoliated cells such as nasal and buccal cell, liver, kidney and sperm cells may be used. Comet assay may also be used to detect nanoparticles-associated DNA damage. As such, this compilation assesses potential limitations due to the interaction of the nanoparticles with the method. Next, to shed light on the mechanisms of the DNA track formation, the authors apply an original approach based on the kinetic measurements in the comet assay, arguing that in neutral conditions at low levels of DNA damages, the comet tail is formed by extended DNA loops. New applications of the comet assay are described for the detection of aberrant DNA methylation, which is a promising marker in cancer diagnosis and follow-up. The authors go on to describe and analyse the results of in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with insecticide using comet assay under alkaline and neutral conditions, testing the commercial product Calypso® 480SC and its active agent thiacloprid at concentrations of 30; 60; 120; 240 and 480 �g.ml-1. In one study, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seedlings were irrigated with Hoagland solution containing different concentrations of AlCl3. Morphological parameters such as germination rate and stoma number are evaluated. Additionally, the genotoxic effects of endosulfan pesticide at different times and in different concentrations in wheat leaf samples are analyzed in two-week old wheat seedlings in an effort to demonstrate that endosulfan is a genotoxic agent causing DNA breaks in wheat. In the closing chapter, the correlation between the comet assay parameters, cell viability, and hydroquinone concentration is explored. The relationship between comet assay and remaining hydroquinone after fungal treatment is also investigated in order to evaluate its biodegradation efficiency.Table of ContentsPrefaceClinical Applications of Comet AssayComet Assay in Occupational Toxicology StudiesThe Comet Assay as a Tool to Detect the Genotoxic Potential of NanomaterialsKinetic Approach in Comet Assay: An Opportunity to Investigate DNA LoopsEvaluation of Global DNA Methylation Status of Single Cells by the Comet Assay: A Promising Approach in Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-UpComet Assay: A Suitable Method for in Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment Using Animal LymphocytesDetermination of Aluminum-Induced Oxidative and Genotoxic Effects in Sunflower LeavesDetermination of Genotoxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Comet AssayInvestigation of Genotoxic Effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)Genotoxicity of Hydroquinone and Fungal Detoxification: Correlation with Hydroquinone Concentration and Cell ViabilityIndex.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors review pre-analytical procedures, as well as analytical conditions, to determine melatonin in both biological and non-biological samples. Several procedures for the extraction of melatonin have been described, including ultrasound-assisted extraction, liquidliquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. Following this, a study is presented wherein melatonin administration in middle-age rats was able to recover prostatic morphology and strongly decrease amiloyd bodies deposition even after obesity induction. These results were probably related to total GST activity improvement. The authors maintain that melatonin should be used as benign prostate hyperplasia chemoprevention due to decreased cell proliferation, even in hyperlipidemic medium. The functions of melatonin receptors in health and disease are reviewed, with specific references to their involvement in mood, anxiety-related and neurodegenerative disorders; and the possibilities of melatonin receptors as mediators of melatonergic therapeutics. Next, the current knowledge regarding immunomodulatory properties of melatonin are reviewed in conjunction with its effect on non-specific, humoral and cellular immune responses with particular emphasis on the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines as well as on apoptosis. The authors go on to underline the pleiotropic effects of melatonin to ameliorate the molecular and organ/tissue damage associated with brain ischemia based on preserving the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurogenesis and cell proliferation through receptor-dependent mechanism, and improving synaptic transmission. Additionally, they examine the role of MT1 and MT2 receptors in neurological disorders and the therapeutic effects of melatonin receptors agonists on the central nervous system disorders. The book deliberates o the way clinical trials in antipsychotic medicated patients suggest some positive effects for melatonin, but the studies have substantial shortcomings. The mechanism by which melatonin exerts any clinical effects remains largely un-investigated. The strength of the clinical evidence for an effect of melatonin, like that of the pre-clinical studies, is equivocal. An overview of the range of disorders and conditions that they may be improved by melatonin administration is provided, followed by consideration of the processes that may underlie these changes. In the final chapter, the authors summarize the data documenting the use of melatonin and its beneficial effects in oral related-diseases, such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, periodontitis, mucositis, cancer, and/or oral infection.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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