Atomic and molecular physics Books

Book SynopsisThis book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.Table of ContentsStandard Model -- The Standard Model in 2001/Jonathan Rosner -- Heavy Quark Theory L· CP Violation -- Heavy Quark Theory/Gerhard Buchalla -- Lattice Q C D/Christine Davies -- CP Violation/Yosef Nir -- Supersymmetry/Steve Abel -- Experimental Results -- Phenomenology of B Decays/Sheldon Stone -- B Experiments at HERA and the Tevatron/Peter Krizan -- Kaon Decay Experiments/Konrad Kleinknecht -- Results from e+e- B-factories/Klaus Schubert -- B Physics at the L H C /Tatsuya Nakada -- Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisContaining the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Physics Beyond the Standard Model, this book reports the latest experimental and theoretical results and ideas in this exciting field, at the interface between particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Taken as a whole, this book presents an overview of the current status of the field and a valuable analysis of future trends in theory and experimental approaches across particle astrophysics.Table of ContentsApproximately 70 papers on the following topics: Extension of the Standard Model Grand Unified Theories and Beyond Fundamental Symmetries Supersymmetry and Supergravity Phenomenology Strings M-Theory Search for New Physics at Colliders Neutrino Physics: Neutrino Mass Matrix Solar Neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations Neutron Oscillation and Neutron Decay Neutrino Factories High Energy Neutrinos Supernovae Neutrinos Double Beta Decay Nuclear and Weak Interaction Cosmic Microwave Background Properties of Space Time Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Baryogenesis Cosmic Rays

Read more less

Book SynopsisUp to date and comprehensive in its coverage, Neutrinos in Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology reviews the whole landscape of neutrino physics, from state-of-the-art experiments to the latest phenomenological and theoretical developments to future advances.With contributions from internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book covers the basics of the standard model and neutrino phenomenology. It also discusses Big Bang cosmology, neutrino astrophysics, CP violation, leptogenesis, and solar neutrino physics, including the standard solar model. The contributors present experimental aspects of accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments as well as nuclear physics experiments that deal with neutrinoless double beta decay and tritium decay. They also focus on neutrino detectors, neutrino beams, and the neutrino factory.Drawn from the lectures of the Scottish Universities Summer SchooTable of ContentsNEUTRINOS IN THE STANDARD MODEL AND BEYOND: The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Neutrino Oscillation Phenomenology. Neutrino Interactions. Models of Neutrino Masses and Mixings. NEUTRINOS IN ASTROPHISICS: Standard Solar Models. Solar Neutrino Experiments—Results and Prospects. Neutrinos and Stars. EXPERIMENTAL NEUTRINO PHYSICS: Accelerator-Based Neutrino Oscillation Experiments. Neutrino Oscillation Studies with Atmospheric Neutrinos. Neutrino Experiments with Reactors. Absolute Neutrino Mass Measurements. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay. Superbeams, Beta Beam, and Neutrino Factory. NEUTRINOS IN COSMOLOGY: Leptogenesis: Standard Model and Alternatives. Cosmological Aspects of Neutrino Physics. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith the constant emergence of new research and application possibilities, gaseous electronics is more important than ever in disciplines including engineering (electrical, power, mechanical, electronics, and environmental), physics, and electronics. The first resource of its kind, Gaseous Electronics: Tables, Atoms, and Molecules fulfills the author's vision of a stand-alone reference to condense 100 years of research on electron-neutral collision data into one easily searchable volume. It presents mostif not allof the properly classified experimental results that scientists, researchers, and students require for a theoretical and practical understanding of collision properties and their impact.An unprecedented collection and analysis of electron neutral collision propertiesThis book follows a new user-friendly format that enables readers to easily retrieve, analyze, and apply specific atomic/molecular informatiTrade Review"Readers working in the areas of plasma processing or plasma/arc related technology will find this book a useful reference source for values of various plasma parameters. … a very useful reference book for hard-to-find information on gaseous electronic parameters."—IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineTable of ContentsSingle atom. 2 atoms. 3 atoms. 4 atoms. 5 atoms. 6 atoms. 7 atoms. 8 atoms. 9 atoms. 10 atoms. 11 atoms. 12 atoms. More than 12 atoms. Gas mixtures.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry of Light Gas-Forming Elements explores different methods of isotope analysis, including spark, secondary ion, laser, glow discharge, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. It explains how to evaluate the isotopic composition of light elements (H, C, N, O) in solid, liquid, and gaseous samples of organic and inorganic substances, as well as: Presents a universal, economical, simple, and rapid technique for sample preparation of organic substances to measure the isotopic composition of carbon Describes how to determine microbial mineralization of organic matter in soil and the effect of exogenous substrates on environmental sustainability Examines use of the isotopic composition of n-alkanes from continental vegetation to study the paleoclimate and plant physiology Proposes a systematic approach to identifying tobacco areas of origin and tobacco products based on data from the isotopic compositionTable of ContentsIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Devices, Methods, and Applications. Universal Method for Preparation of Liquid, Solid, and Gaseous Samples for Determining the Isotopic Composition of Carbon. Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Assessing the Metabolic Potential of Soil Microbiota. Study of the Isotopic Composition of Normal Alkanes of Continental Plants. Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy for Analysis of Tobacco. Using Isotope Mass Ratio Spectrometry of Carbon in Doping Control. Isolation Methods in Isotope Geochemistry of Noble Gases. Using Laser Spectroscopy for Measuring the Ratios of Stable Isotopes.

Read more less

Table of Contents1 The Fundamental Constants and Metrology.- The Measurement of Fundamental Constants (Metrology) and Its Effect on Scientific and Technical Progress.- Constantes Physiques et Métrologie.- 2 Gamma rays.- Gamma-Ray Energies for Calibration of Ge(Li) spectrometers.- Primary Standards for Gamma Energy Determinations.- Precision Measurements of Relative ?-Ray Energies with a Curved Crystal Diffractometer.- Visible to Gamma-Ray Wavelength Ratio.- Determination of Proton Binding Energies for 89Y, 90Zr, 91Nb and 93Tc from (p, ?) Reaction Q-values.- A New Method for Measurement of Proton Beam Energies.- 3 Alpha and Beta Decays.- Superallowed ?-decay : From Nuclear Masses to the Z Vector Boson.- Masses of TZ = +5/2 Nuclei in the s-d Shell from ?-Decay Measurements.- Mass Differences of Proton-Rich Atoms near A=116 and A=190 Unisor Consortium.- Total ?-Decay Energies of Nuclei Far from Stability: Evidence for the Wigner Symmetry Energy in Rb and Kr Masses.- Total Beta Decay Energies of Neutron-Rich Fission Products.- Far Beta-Unstable Alpha-Particle Emitting Nuclei.- 4 Nuclear Reactions.- Precision Measurement of Q-values by Means of the Munich Time-of-flight System and the Q3D-Spectrograph.- Measurements of Nuclear Masses Far from Stability.- Some (p,n) and (?,n) Reaction Energies Relevant to Superallowed Beta Decay.- Accurate Q-value Measurements and Masses in the Iron Region.- Precision Energy Measurements with the MSU cyclotron.- New Tests of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation.- Isobaric Mass Quartets.- 5 Mass Spectrometry.- This part is dedicated to the memory of L.G. Smith, 1912–1972. The Mass Spectroscopic Work of L.G. Smith.- L.G. Smith’s Precision RF Mass Spectrometer Transferred from Princeton to Delft.- Present Status of the Program of Atomic Mass Determinations at the University of Manitoba.- Recent Doublet Results and Measurement Technique Development at the University of Minnesota.- Double Focussing Mass Spectrometers of Second Order.- On a Two-Stage Double-Focussing Mass Spectroscope under Construction at Osaka University.- Atomic Mass Measurement Using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy.- Mass Spectrometry of Unstable Nuclei.- The Activities of the II Physical Institute of the University of Giesen in the Investigation of Short-Lived Heavy Nuclei.- Attempts to Obtain Highly Resolved Mass Spectra of Short-Lived Fission Products with the Lohengrin Separator.- 6 Theory of Nuclear Binding Energies.- The Mass Determination in Relation to Nuclear Structure and to the Theory of Nuclear Matter.- Self-Consistent Calculations of Nuclear Total Binding Energies.- Shell and Pairing Effects in Spherical Nuclei Close to the Nucleon Drip Lines.- Hartree-Fock Calculation of Nuclear Binding Energy of Sodium Isotopes.- Nuclear Mass Systematics and Exotic Nuclei.- The Validity of the Strutinsky Method for the Determination of Nuclear Masses.- Nucleon Correlation Effects in Mass Systematics.- 7 Atomic Mass Formulae.- Interpolation Mass Formulae.- Nuclidic Mass Relationships and Mass Equations.- The Liquid Drop Mass Formula as a Shell Model Average.- Magic Neutron-Rich Nuclei and a New Semi-Empirical Shell-Correction Term.- Structure of Nuclear Energy Surface and the Atomic Mass Formula.- Atomic Mass Extrapolations.- 8 Time and Frequency Measurements and the Speed of Light.- Time and Frequency.- Applications of Frequency Standards.- Stabilized Lasers and the Speed of Light.- The Realization of the Second.- Stability and Reproducibility of He-Ne Lasers Stabilized by Saturated Absorption in Iodine.- Performance and Limitations of Iodine Stabilized Lasers.- Reproducibility of Methane- and Iodine-Stabilized Optical Frequency Standards.- Some Experimental Factors Affecting the Reproducibility and Stability of Methane-Stabilized Helium-Neon Lasers.- Molecular Beam Stabilized Argon Laser.- Frequency Stabilization of an Ar+ Laser with Molecular Iodine.- Saturated-Absorption-Stabilized N2O Laser for New Frequency Standards.- Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Laser for Infrared Frequency Measurements.- Two-Photon Lasers.- Light-Shifts Precision Measurements of the O-O Transition in a 133Cs Gas Cell.- 9 Wavelength Comparison.- Comparaison de Longueurs d’Onde à l’Aide d’un Interféromètre de Michelson.- Wavelength Intercomparison of Laser Radiations Using Servo-Lock Interferometry.- A Field Compensated Interferometer for Wavelength Comparison.- Determination of New Wavelength Standards in the Infrared by Vacuum Fourier Spectroscopy.- Preliminary Wavelength Measurements of a 127I2 Stabilized Laser at IMGC.- Wavelength Measurements in the UV and Vacuum UV.- 10 The Josephson Effects and 2e/h.- Applications of the Josephson Effect.- A Brief Review of the A C Josephson Effect Determination of 2e/h.- Determination of 2e/h at the BIPM.- 2e/h Determination by Josephson Effect in ETL.- Etape d’une Détermination absolue du coefficient 2e/h au LCIE.- Cryogenic Voltage Standard at PTB.- 11 Magnetic Moments.- Review of the Measurement of ?p/?n.- Magnetic Moment of the Proton in H2O in Units of the Bohr Magneton.- A Progress Report on the (g-2) Resonance Experiments.- New Electron and Positron (g-2) Experiments at the University of Michigan.- New Measurement of (g-2) of the Muon.- Status of Anomalous Magnetic Moment Calculations for Electron and Muon.- A New Mass-Spectrometric Method for the Measurement of ?p’.- Experiment with Magnetically Isolated Calculable Solenoid for ?p’ Determination.- Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton ?p’.- A Measurement of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton by the Strong Field Method.- 12 Miscellaneous Constants.- Recent Estimates of the Avogadro Constant.- Re-evaluation of the Rydberg Constant.- Rydberg Constant Measurement Using CW Dye Laser and H* Atomic Beam.- Fast Beam Measurement of Hydrogen Fine Structure.- A New Determination of the Faraday by Means of the Silver Coulometer.- A Value for the Faraday Based on a High-Precision Coulometric Titration of 4-Aminopyridine.- Initial Results from a New Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant.- Constants of Electric and Magnetic Polarizibilities of Proton.- A New Determination of the Gas Constant by an Acoustic Technique.- A Determination of the Density and Dilatation of Pure Water of Known Isotopic Composition.- 13 Relativity, Time Variation of the Constants, and Philosophical Considerations.- Recent Solar Oblateness Observations : Data, Interpretation and Significance for Experimental Relativity.- A Laboratory Experiment to Measure the Time Variation of Newton’s Gravitational Constant.- An Experimental Limit on the Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant.- Bound on the Secular Variation of the Gravitational Interaction.- Understanding the Fundamental Constants.- 14 Evaluation.- Present Status of Atomic Masses.- Present Status of the Fundamental Constants.- 15 Conference Summary.- Summary of the Conference.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA. The Course.- Molecules Coupled to Their Environment.- Theories of Molecular Chirality: A Short Review.- Condensed Cooper Pairs and Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena.- Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Dynamics of Macroscopic Observables.- Quantum Brownian Motion.- Localization Critical Exponents.- Stochastic Models of Population and Phase Relaxation.- Classical and Quantum, Lattice and Continuum Percolation.- Tunneling and Relaxation in Low Temperature Systems.- Dynamics of Quantum Particles: Coupled Coherent and Incoherent Motion.- Chaotic Motion of Molecular Chains.- Complex Surface Geometry in Nano-Structure Solids: Fractal versus Bernal-Type Models.- Aggregation Phenomena.- Electrodeposition: Phenomenology and Theory.- Screening in Electrolytes and in Polymer Solutions: The Charge Structure Function.- In Search of Scaling Laws in Porous Silica Gels.- Stochastic Aspects in Reaction Kinetics.- B. The Seminars.- I Quantum Theory of Large Systems.- Coherence and Quantum Mechanics.- The Dynamical Generation of Macroscopic Coherent Light.- Macroscopically Inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein Condensation.- Generalized Squeezing of Boson States.- Equilibrium States of Long-Range Interacting Quantum Lattice Systems.- Environment and Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Field Theory.- Gauge Chemistry.- II Localized and Extended States.- Coherence Effects in Excitation Transfer: Application to Hexagonal Photosynthetic Unit.- Random Matrix Theory and Anderson Localisation.- Local Moments and the Localization of Electrons in Liquids.- How Universal is the Scaling Theory of Localization?.- Dimers, Repulsions, and the Absence of Localisation.- III Transport and Reactions.- Electronic Excitations in Polysilanes: Frenkel Excitons of a Disordered Chain.- The Study of Energy Change in Radical Systems.- Decay From an Initial Unstable State in a Chemical Reaction Model.- The Effects of Static Disorder on Polaron Transport.- Diffusion in a Disordered Line.- Bimolecular Diffuion-Limited Reaction Kinetics at Steady State.- Dynamic Percolation Theory for Diffusion of Interacting Particles: Tracer Diffusion in a Multi-Component Lattice Gas.- Crossover from Dispersive to Diffusive Energy Transport.- The Coupling Scheme for Relaxations in Complex Correlated Systems.- Simulation of Excitation Transport in Disordered Media.- Dynamical Exponents for 1-D Random-Random Directed Walks.- IV Polymers.- Interactions between Poly(styrene-co-styrene Sulfonic Acid) and Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-4-vinyl Pyridine) in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy.- Interactions of Sigma Conjugated Polymers With Strong Optical Fields.- Randomly Branched Polymers.- Multi-Particle Relaxation in Electronically Excited Polymers: Distribution of Transition Rates from Fluorescence Data - A Numerical Approach.- Understanding Heat Conduction in Oriented Polymers.- Static Correlations of Polymer Chains in Networks.- Theory of Polymers on Fractal Lattices.- V Disordered and Low-Dimensional Systems.- Self-Consistent Interpretation of Percolation in a Microemulsion.- Experimental Evidence of Fractal Aggregates in Dense Microemulsions.- Fractal Dynamics of the Catalytic CO-Oxydation - Application of Fractal Cellular Automata Models.- Electrodeposition: Fractal and Multifractal Measures.- High Resolution Spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Transport of Small Molecules Across a Polymer Membrane.- Reactions in Microemulsions: Fractal Modeling.- Enhanced Membrane Rigidity in Charged Lamellar Phases.- VI Words of thanks.- Lecturers.- Participants.Table of ContentsA. The Course.- Molecules Coupled to Their Environment.- Theories of Molecular Chirality: A Short Review.- Condensed Cooper Pairs and Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena.- Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Dynamics of Macroscopic Observables.- Quantum Brownian Motion.- Localization Critical Exponents.- Stochastic Models of Population and Phase Relaxation.- Classical and Quantum, Lattice and Continuum Percolation.- Tunneling and Relaxation in Low Temperature Systems.- Dynamics of Quantum Particles: Coupled Coherent and Incoherent Motion.- Chaotic Motion of Molecular Chains.- Complex Surface Geometry in Nano-Structure Solids: Fractal versus Bernal-Type Models.- Aggregation Phenomena.- Electrodeposition: Phenomenology and Theory.- Screening in Electrolytes and in Polymer Solutions: The Charge Structure Function.- In Search of Scaling Laws in Porous Silica Gels.- Stochastic Aspects in Reaction Kinetics.- B. The Seminars.- I Quantum Theory of Large Systems.- Coherence and Quantum Mechanics.- The Dynamical Generation of Macroscopic Coherent Light.- Macroscopically Inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein Condensation.- Generalized Squeezing of Boson States.- Equilibrium States of Long-Range Interacting Quantum Lattice Systems.- Environment and Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Field Theory.- Gauge Chemistry.- II Localized and Extended States.- Coherence Effects in Excitation Transfer: Application to Hexagonal Photosynthetic Unit.- Random Matrix Theory and Anderson Localisation.- Local Moments and the Localization of Electrons in Liquids.- How Universal is the Scaling Theory of Localization?.- Dimers, Repulsions, and the Absence of Localisation.- III Transport and Reactions.- Electronic Excitations in Polysilanes: Frenkel Excitons of a Disordered Chain.- The Study of Energy Change in Radical Systems.- Decay From an Initial Unstable State in a Chemical Reaction Model.- The Effects of Static Disorder on Polaron Transport.- Diffusion in a Disordered Line.- Bimolecular Diffuion-Limited Reaction Kinetics at Steady State.- Dynamic Percolation Theory for Diffusion of Interacting Particles: Tracer Diffusion in a Multi-Component Lattice Gas.- Crossover from Dispersive to Diffusive Energy Transport.- The Coupling Scheme for Relaxations in Complex Correlated Systems.- Simulation of Excitation Transport in Disordered Media.- Dynamical Exponents for 1-D Random-Random Directed Walks.- IV Polymers.- Interactions between Poly(styrene-co-styrene Sulfonic Acid) and Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-4-vinyl Pyridine) in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy.- Interactions of Sigma Conjugated Polymers With Strong Optical Fields.- Randomly Branched Polymers.- Multi-Particle Relaxation in Electronically Excited Polymers: Distribution of Transition Rates from Fluorescence Data - A Numerical Approach.- Understanding Heat Conduction in Oriented Polymers.- Static Correlations of Polymer Chains in Networks.- Theory of Polymers on Fractal Lattices.- V Disordered and Low-Dimensional Systems.- Self-Consistent Interpretation of Percolation in a Microemulsion.- Experimental Evidence of Fractal Aggregates in Dense Microemulsions.- Fractal Dynamics of the Catalytic CO-Oxydation - Application of Fractal Cellular Automata Models.- Electrodeposition: Fractal and Multifractal Measures.- High Resolution Spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Transport of Small Molecules Across a Polymer Membrane.- Reactions in Microemulsions: Fractal Modeling.- Enhanced Membrane Rigidity in Charged Lamellar Phases.- VI Words of thanks.- Lecturers.- Participants.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs you read this, billions of neutrinos from the sun are passing through your body, antimatter is sprouting from your dinner and the core of your being is a chaotic mess of particles known only as quarks and gluons.If the recent discovery of the Higgs boson piqued your interest, then Why The Universe Exists will take you deeper into the world of particle physics, with leading physicists and New Scientist exploring how the universe functions at the smallest scales. Find out about hunt for dark matter and why there is something rather than nothing. Discover how accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are rewinding time to the first moments after the big bang, and how ghostly neutrino particles may hold the answers to the greatest mysteries of the universe. ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subject

Read more less

Book SynopsisBrings Readers from the Threshold to the Frontier of Modern Research Many-Body Methods for Atoms and Molecules addresses two major classes of theories of electron correlation: the many-body perturbation theory and coupled cluster methods. It discusses the issues related to the formal development and consequent numerical implementation of the methods from the standpoint of a practicing theoretician. The book will enable readers to understand the future development of state-of-the-art multi-reference coupled cluster methods as well as their perturbative counterparts.The book begins with an introduction to the issues relevant to the development of correlated methods in general. It next gives a formally rigorous treatment of aspects that pave the foundation toward the theoretical development of methods capable of tackling problems of electronic correlation. The authors go on to cover perturbation theory first in a fundamental way and then iTable of ContentsIntroduction. Occupation Number Representation. Perturbation Theory. Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory. State-Specific Perturbation Theory. Coupled Cluster Method. Fock Space Multi-Reference Coupled Cluster Method. Hilbert Space Coupled Cluster Theory.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMedium heavy nuclei with mass number A=60-90 exhibit a variety of complex collective properties, provide a laboratory for double beta decay studies, and are a region of all heavy N=Z nuclei. This book discusses these three aspects of nuclear structure using Deformed Shell Model and the Spin-Isospin Invariant Interacting Boson Model naturally generated by fermionic SO(8) symmetry. Using these two models, the book describes properties of medium heavy nuclei with mass number A=60-90. It provides a good reference for future nuclear structure experiments using radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities. Various results obtained by the authors and other research groups are also explained in this book.Table of ContentsIntroduction.Deformed shell model (DSM). Deformed shell model results for spectroscopy of A=60-90 nuclei. Applications of deformed shell model. Deformed shell model for Double beta decay in A=60-90 nuclei. Heavy N=Z nuclei: SU(4) structure, Wigner energy and isovector and isosclar pairing. SO(8) fermion pairing model to spin-isospin interacting boson model (IBM-ST).Spin-isospin interacting boson model (IBM-ST). IBM-ST results for deuteron transfer and GT strengths. Interacting boson model with isospin T = 1 bosons. Deformed shell model results for spectroscopy of heavy N=Z nuclei. Future outlook.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers key theoretical and practical aspects of optics, photonics and lasers. It addresses optical instrumentation and metrology, photonic and optoelectronic materials and devices, nanophotonics, organic and bio-photonics and high-field phenomena. Researchers, engineers, students and practitioners interested in any of these fields will find a wealth of new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques, as well as general surveys outlining future directions. Table of ContentsSection 1.- Optics: Optical Instrumentation and Metrology, techniques and materials and devices.- Section 2.- Photonics: Photonics for Energy, Photonic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Communications and Switching Photonics, Organic and Bio-Photonics Photodetectors, Sensors and Imaging, Nonlinear Optics, Fiber Optics devices and Nanophotonics.- Section 3.- Lasers: Plasma Technology; High intensity Lasers and high Field Phenomena.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book describes the modern theory of light hydrogen-like systems. The discussion is based on quantum electrodynamics. Green's functions, relativistic bound-state equations and Feynman diagrams are extensively used. New theoretical approaches are described and explained. The book contains derivation of many theoretical results obtained in recent years. A complete set of all theoretical results for the energy levels of hydrogen-like bound states is presented.Table of ContentsTheoretical Approaches to the Energy Levels of Loosely Bound Systems.- General Features of the Hydrogen Energy Levels.- External Field Approximation.- Essentially Two-Particle Recoil Corrections.- Radiative-Recoil Corrections.- Nuclear Size and Structure Corrections.- Lamb Shift in Light Muonic Atoms.- Physical Origin of the Hyperfine Splitting and the Main Nonrelativistic Contribution.- Nonrecoil Corrections to HFS.- Essentially Two-Body Corrections to HFS.- Hyperfine Splitting in Hydrogen.- Notes on Phenomenology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second volume of the Charged Particle Traps deals with the rapidly expanding body of research exploiting the electromagnetic con?nement of ions, whose principles and techniques were the subject of volume I. These applications include revolutionary advances in diverse ?elds, ranging from such practical ?elds as mass spectrometry, to the establishment of an ult- stable standard of frequency and the emergent ?eld of quantum computing made possible by the observation of the quantum behavior of laser-cooled con?nedions. Bothexperimentalandtheoreticalactivity intheseapplications has proliferated widely, and the number of diverse articles in the literature on its many facets has reached the point where it is useful to distill and organize the published work in a uni?ed volume that de?nes the current status of the ?eld. As explained in volume I, the technique of con?ning charged particles in suitable electromagnetic ?elds was initially conceived by W. Paul as a thr- dimensional version of his rf quadrupole mass ?lter. Its ?rst application to rf spectroscopy on atomic ions was completed in H. G. Dehmelt’s laboratory where notable work was later done on the free electron using the Penning trap. The further exploitation of these devices has followed more or less - dependently along the two initial broad areas: mass spectrometry and high resolution spectroscopy. In volume I a detailed account is given of the theory of operation and experimental techniques of the various forms of Paul and Penning ion traps.Table of ContentsElectromagnetic Trap Properties.- Summary of Trap Properties.- Mass Spectrometry.- Mass Spectrometry Using Paul Traps.- Mass Spectroscopy in Penning Trap.- Spectroscopy with Trapped Charged Particles.- Microwave Spectroscopy.- Optical Spectroscopy.- Lifetime Studies in Traps.- Quantum Topics.- Quantum Effects in Charged Particle Traps.- Quantum Computing with Trapped Charged Particles.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA course in angular momentum techniques is essential for quantitative study of problems in atomic physics, molecular physics, nuclear physics and solid state physics. This book has grown out of such a course given to the students of the M. Sc. and M. Phil. degree courses at the University of Madras. An elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics is an essential pre-requisite to undertake this course but no knowledge of group theory is assumed on the part of the readers. Although the subject matter has group-theoretic origin, special efforts have been made to avoid the gro- theoretical language but place emphasis on the algebraic formalism dev- oped by Racah (1942a, 1942b, 1943, 1951). How far I am successful in this project is left to the discerning reader to judge. After the publication of the two classic books, one by Rose and the other by Edmonds on this subject in the year 1957, the application of angular momentum techniques to solve physical problems has become so common that it is found desirable to organize a separate course on this subject to the students of physics. It is to cater to the needs of such students and research workers that this book is written. A large number of questions and problems given at the end of each chapter will enable the reader to have a clearer understanding of the subject.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Angular Momentum Operators and Their Matrix Elements. 2. Coupling of Two Angular Momenta. 3. Vectors and Tensors in Spherical Basis. 4. Rotation Matrices - I. 5. Rotation Matrices - II. 6. Tensor Operators and Reduced Matrix Elements. 7. Coupling of Three Angular Momenta. 8. Coupling of Four Angular Momenta. 9. Partial Waves and the Gradient Formula. 10. Identical Particles. 11. Density Matrix and Statistical Tensors. 12. Products of Angular Momentum Matrices and Their Traces. 13. The Helicity Formalism. 14. The Spin States of Dirac Particles. Appendices. References. Subject Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe papers collected in this book show the results of investigations performed by Russian scientists in the field of low dose irradiation action. It is confirmed that low doses do have effects on the human organism and the environment and that the most serious consequences are observed in the far post-irradiation period. This branch of radiobiology, which developed after the Chernobyl accident and studied its consequences, is discussed in detail. The main part of reviews and articles is devoted to the aspects of low dose effects on the human and animal genome and far post-irradiation consequences. New details of mechanisms of low dose action are shown and methods of their determination are discussed. Furthermore, the adaptive response of organisms and the low dose effects on the immune system are demonstrated. Also, the difference between protection mechanisms against low dose irradiation and against high dose irradiation is shown and proved.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume contains a selection of scientific papers related to the structure and dynamics of non-rigid molecules. This frontline topic was born a few decades ago, when Longuet-Higgins proposed his famous theory of Molecular Symmetry Groups (Mol. Phys. 6, (1962) 457). Unfortunately, since this early paper, very few publications have been devoted to the study of non-rigid molecules. Let us mention some books which dedicate some chapters to them: Induced Representations in Crystals and Molecules, by S. L. Altmann, Academic Publishers, 1977; Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy, by P. R. Bunker, Academic Publishers, 1979; and finally Large Amplitude Motion in Molecules, Vols. I and II, by several authors, Springer Verlag, 1979. More recently an International Symposium on Non-Rigid Molecules was held in Paris, France, from 1-7 July 1982, the proceedings of which were published in the volume entitled Symmetries and Properties of Non-Rigid Molecules. A Comprehensive Survey, edited by J. Maruani et al., Elsevier, 1983. Finally, we should mention the very specialized work The Permutational Approach to Dynamic Stereochemistry, by J. Brocas et al., McGraw-Hill, 1983. The purpose of this book is to fill in this information on the structure and dynamics of non-rigid systems. To this aim, we have gathered a collection of recent papers written by the most qualified specialists in the world, covering a large field from van der Waals molecules to inorganic complexes and organic polyrotor molecules, as well as considering statistical and dynamic aspects.Table of ContentsEditorial. Preface; R.S. Berry. Part I: Some Fundamental Questions in Non-Rigid Molecular Problems. The Structure, Symmetry, and Properties of Non-Rigid Molecules; A.I. Boldyrev. Do We Really Know How to Define Normal Vibrations in Non-Rigid Molecular Systems? G.A. Natanson. Generalizing the Molecular Symmetry Group of Longuet-Higgins to Asymmetric Tunneling Problems; R.G.A. Bone. Part II: Structure and Symmetry of Non-Rigid Molecular Systems. Characterization of Rotational Isomerization Processes in Monorotor Molecules; G.I. Cárdenas-Jirón, A. Toro-Labbé, C.W. Bock, J. Maruani. Group Theory for Three-Dimensional Non-Rigid Molecular Problems. Applications to the Double C3v Rotation, plus Bending, Wagging or Torsion Mode; Y.G. Smeyers. Non-Rigidity in Heptacoordinate Complexes; J. Brocas. Jet-Cooled Fluorescence Excitation Spectra and Carbonyl Wagging Potential Energy Functions of Cyclic Ketones in their Electronic Excited States; J. Lanne, J. Zhang, W.-Y. Chiang, P. Sagear, P. Cheatham. Part II: Dynamics of Non-Rigid Molecular Systems. Photofragmentation Dynamics of van der Waals Complexes; G. Delgado-Barrio, J.A. Beswick. Dynamics of Non-Rigid Molecules: Explorations of the Phase Space; D.E. Weeks, R.D. Levine. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAtoms in strong radiation fields are interesting objects for study, and the research field that concerns itself with this study is a comparatively young one. For a long period after the ~scovery of the photoelectric effect. it was not possible to generate electro­ magnetic fields that did more than perturb the atom only slightly, and (first-or~er) perturbation theory could perfectly explain what was going on at those low intensities. The development of the pulsed laser bas changed this state of affairs in a rather dramatic way, and fields can be applied that really have a large, or even dominant influence on atomic structure. In the latter case, w~ speak of super-intense fields. Since the interaction between atoms and electromagnetic waves is characterized by many parameters other than the light intensity, such as frequency, iQnization potential, orbit time, etc., it is actually quite difficult to define what is exactly meant by the term 'super-intense'. Obviously the term does not have an absolute meaning, and intensity should always be viewed in relation to other properties of the system. An atom in a radiation field can thus best be described in terms of various ratios of the quantities involved. The nature of the system sometimes drastically changes if the value of one of these parameters exceeds a certain critical value, and the new regime could be called super-intense with respect to that parameter.Table of ContentsPreface. I: Multiphoton Ionization. Stabilization. General Strong-Field Ionization and High-Order ATI. Molecules. II: Multi-Electron Atoms. Correlation Effects. Coherence Transfer. Multiphoton Multiple Ionization. III: Hard Radiation Quanta. X-Rays. Two- Color Processes. Compton Scattering. High-Harmonic Generation. IV: Coherence and Interference. Non-Linear Light Propagation. Coherence, Interference and Wavepackets. Subject Index. Author Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn account of the author's life with the atomic scientist Enrico Fermi, that covers Fermi's early childhood interest in science, and his rise in the Italian university system concurrent with the rise of fascism, his receipt of the Nobel Prize, their emigration to the United States in the 1930s, their experiences in America.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive philosophical and historical account of the experimental foundations of Niels Bohr’s practice of physics.Trade Review"Perovic offers a novel and refreshingly unorthodox interpretation of Bohr's seminal contributions to quantum physics and their philosophical implications. Adopting a method of historically sensitive analysis, he argues convincingly that the great Dane came to his overarching hypotheses, including the complementarity principle, by inductive reasoning inherently based on experiments. He skillfully defends Bohr against the charges that his epistemological and methodological views were amateurish armchair philosophy. Perovic's book on Bohr's vision is recommendable from a scientific, historical, and philosophical perspective."--Helge Kragh, Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenTable of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: Preliminaries 2 From Laboratory to Theory 3 From Classical Experiments to Quantum Theory Part 2: Bohr’s Vision in Practice: the Old Quantum Theory 4 Spectral Lines, Quantum States, and a Master Model of the Atom 5 The Correspondence Principle as an Intermediary Hypothesis 6 Reception 7 The Scientific Moderator Part 3: Toward Quantum Mechanics 8 Quantum Corpuscles, Quantum Waves, and the Experiments 9 The Uncertainty Principle as an Intermediary Hypothesis 10 Metaphysical Principles and Heuristic Rules 11 New Formalisms and Bohr’s Atom 12 Complementarity Established and Applied Part 4: Aftermath 13 Bohr and the “Copenhagen Orthodoxy” 14 Bohr’s Response to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument 15 The Mature Bohr and the Rise of Slick Theory and Theoreticians Acknowledgments Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisResearch on dendrimers has exploded in the last fifteen years, moving from the establishment of synthetic methodologies towards sophisticated applications. Designing Dendrimers covers both fundamental and applicative aspects of dendrimer research.Table of ContentsPreface vii List of Contributors xi 1 Dendrimers as quantized nano-modules in the nanotechnology field 1 Jørn B. Christensen and Donald A. Tomalia 2 Novel methods for dendrimer synthesis 35 Isao Washio and Mitsuru Ueda 3 Designer monomers to tailored dendrimers 57 George R. Newkome and Carol Shreiner 4 Dendronized polymers: state of the art in Zurich 95 Afang Zhang and A. Dieter Schl€uter 5 Shape persistent polyphenylene-based dendrimers 121 Martin Baumgarten, Tianshi Qin, and Klaus M€ullen 6 Dendrimer chemistry with fullerenes 161 Jean-Franc¸ois Nierengarten 7 Redox and fluorescent open core dendrimers 195 Angel E. Kaifer 8 Redox-active organometallic dendrimers as electrochemical sensors 219 Carmen M. Casado, Beatriz Alonso, Jose Losada, and Marı´a Pilar Garcı´a-Armada 9 Shape-persistent conjugated dendrimers for organic electronics 263 Jing Yan, Fan Gao, Jian Pei, and Yuguo Ma 10 Fine-controlled metal assembly in dendrimers 303 Takane Imaoka and Kimihisa Yamamoto 11 Enlightening structure and properties of dendrimers by fluorescence depolarization 341 Giacomo Bergamini, Enrico Marchi, Paola Ceroni, and Vincenzo Balzani 12 Single-molecule spectroscopy of dendrimer systems 367 Tom Vosch 13 Degradable dendrimers 403 Marc Gingras 14 Porphyrin dendrimers as biological oxygen sensors 463 Sergei A. Vinogradov and David F. Wilson 15 Peptide dendrimers as artificial proteins 505 Tamis Darbre and Jean-Louis Reymond 16 Phosphorus-containing dendritic architectures: synthesis and applications 529 Anne-Marie Caminade and Jean-Pierre Majoral Index 563

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.Table of ContentsZEKE Spectroscopy: High-Resolution Spectroscopy with Photoelectrons(K. Muller-Dethlefs, et al.). New Ways of Understanding Semiclassical Quantization (P. Gaspard,et al.). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisReflecting the growing importance of multi-mode transmission media in communications, radar, sensors, remote sensing, and many other industrial applications, this work presents analytic methods for calculating the transmission statistics of microwave and optical components with random imperfections. The emphasis here is on multi-mode waveguides, optical fibers, and directional couplers-described by the coupled line equations with random parameters-as well as multi-layer optical coatings used as windows, mirrors, or filters. The author clearly explains how to calculate the transmission statistics of these devices in terms of their coupling or optical thickness statistics, in both the time and frequency domains. This unique resource for engineers and researchers involved in the design of multi-mode transmission media: * Focuses on matrix techniques and the various types of problems to which they can be applied * Incorporates many new results developed by the author *Table of ContentsCoupled Line Equations. Guides with White Random Coupling. Examples- White Coupling. Directional Coupler with White Propagation Parameters. Guides with General Coupling Spectra. Four-Mode Guide with Exponential Coupling Covariance. Random Square-Wave Coupling. Multi-Layer Coatings with Random Optical Thickness. Conclusion. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers both molecular reaction dynamics and chemical kinetics (useful in calculating the probability of chemical reactions occurring) with a complete discussion of theory and thorough mathematical presentations.Table of ContentsInteraction Potentials. Relative Motion. Collisional Approach. Partition Functions. Transition State Theory. Generalized Transition State Theory. Theory for Unimolecular Reactions. Classical Dynamics. Nonadiabatic Transitions. Surface Kinetics. Chemical Reactions in Solution. Energetic Aspects of Solvent Effects on Solutes. Models for Chemical Reactions in Solution. Kramers' Theory. The Classical Model of Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA comprehensive, in-depth presentation of theoretical underpinnings and mathematical techniques This is the first book of its kind to combine all the theories of molecular reaction dynamics and chemical kinetics in a single source.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Interaction Potentials. Relative Motion. Collisional Approach. Partition Functions. Transition State Theory. Generalized Transition State Theory. Theory for Unimolecular Reactions. Classical Dynamics. Nonadiabatic Transitions. Surface Kinetics. Chemical Reactions in Solution. Energetic Aspects of Solvent Effects on Solutes. Models for Chemical Reactions in Solution. Kramers' Theory. The Classical Model of Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution. Appendices. Index. Advanced Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Second Quantization. Effective Hamiltonian Approaches. Semiclassical Theories. Wavepacket Propagation. Potential Energy Surfaces. The Reaction Path Method. Variational Transition State Theory. Quantum Theory for Rate Constants. Statistical and Phase Space Methods. Photodissociation. Density Operators. Evolution of a Total System. Nonequilibrium Solvation. Molecular Properties of Solvated Molecules. Magnetic Properties of Solvated Molecules. Quantum Model for Electron Transfer. Electron Transfer Coupling Elements. Electron Transfer Reactions Coupled to a Quantum Mechanical Radiation Field. Proton Transfer Reactions in Solution. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA thorough exploration of the atomic structures and properties ofthe essential engineering interfaces--an invaluable resourcefor students, teachers, and professionals The most up-to-date, accessible guide to solid-vapor,solid-liquid, and solid-solid phase transformations, thisinnovative book contains the only unified treatment of these threecentral engineering interfaces. Employing a simple nearest-neighborbroken-bond model, Interfaces in Materials focuses on metal alloysin a straightforward approach that can be easily extended to alltypes of interfaces and materials. Enhanced with nearly 300illustrations, along with extensive references and suggestions forfurther reading, this book provides: * A simple, cohesive approach to understanding the atomicstructure and properties of interfaces formed between solid,liquid, and vapor phases * Self-contained discussions of each interface--allowingseparate study of each phase transformation * A comparative look at the differeTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY MATERIAL. Atomic Bonding. Regular Solution (Quasi-Chemical) Model. SOLID-VAPOR INTERFACES. Surface Energy. Surface Structure. Crystal Growth from the Vapor. Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems and SurfaceSegregation. Surface Films. SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES. Liquids. Interfacial Structure and Energy. Crystal Growth from the Liquid. Solute Partitioning and Morphological Stability. SOLID-SOLID INTERFACES. Introduction to Solid-Solid Interfaces. Structure and Energy of Homophase Interfaces. Structure and Energy of Heterophase Interfaces. Growth of Solid-Solid Heterophase Interfaces. Morphological Stability and Segregation. References and Additional Reading. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIt is difficult to imagine how our highly evolved technological society would function, or how life would even exist on our planet, if polymers did not exist. The intensive study of polymeric systems, which has been under way for several decades, has recently yielded new insights into the properties of assemblies of these complex molecules and the physical principles that govern their behavior. These developments have included new concepts to describe aspects of the many body behavior in these systems, microscopic analyses that bring our understanding of these systems much closer to our understanding of simple liquids and solids, and the discovery of novel chemistry that these molecules can catalyze. This special topic volume of Advances in Chemical Physics surveys a number of these recent accomplishments. Supplemented with more than 250 illustrations, it provides a significant, up-to-date selection of papers by inter-nationally recognized researchers. Topics include:Table of ContentsTheory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions (J.-L. Barrat & J.-F. Joanny). Star Polymers: Experiment, Theory, and Simulation (G. Grest, et al.). Tethered Polymer Layers (I. Szleifer & M. Carignano). Living Polymers (S. Greer). Transport and Kinetics in Electroactive Polymers (M. Lyons). Polymers in Disordered Media (A. Baumgärtner & M. Muthukumar). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMolecular spectroscopy refers to a variety of related analytical techniques used to provide a wide range of chemical information including the identification of materials, the monitoring of chemical reactions, and the determination of molecular structure.Table of ContentsBasic Spectroscopic Theory. Applied Spectroscopy. General Troubleshooting. Review Columns.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book will serve as an introduction to the potential of the laser in atomic spectroscopy. The book focuses primarily on the use of lasers in analytical atomic spectroscopy with optical detection, and also includes a chapter describing the use of lasers in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Table of ContentsAnalytical Atomic Spectroscopy/ Historical/ General Characteristics of Atomic Spectra/ Atomic Absorption Spectrometry/ Recent Advances in AAS/ Atomic Emission Spectrometry/ Recent Advances in Atomic Emission Spectrometry/ Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry/ The Practice of Atomic Spectroscopy/ Techniques Similar to Atomic Spectroscopy/ Lasers/ Fundamentals of Lasers/ Practical Lasers/ Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry: Principles, Instrumentation and Applications/ Laser Ablation for Sample Introduction: Principles and Applications/ Laser Types Suitable for Ablation of Solid Samples/ Interactions and Transactions in Laser Ablation/ Laser Ablation-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Laser Ablation/ Inductively coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry/ Laser Ablation-Atomic Mass Spectrometry and Laser Ablation/ Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Mass Spectrometry/ Laser Induced Plasmas for Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy/ Laser Induced Plasma/ Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry (LIBS)/ Applications/ Laser-Enhanced ionization Spectroscopy

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis guide to two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy helps the novice who want e the technique, but needs a path through the bewildering array of metho acronyms and the mathematical rigor found in most books. The authors provide a clear explanation of experiment performance, param lection, data processing and presentation as well as a description of wh rmation is provided by each experiment and how it is extracted and inter They group presentations of two-dimensional NMR experiments according t zation, e.g. COSY, LRCOSY, ZQCOSY, DQCOSY ... for establishing proton-pr nnectivities. The book also presents spectra of the same model compound using various ues to enable the reader to make direct comparisons and facilitate his e nt selection. Examples of the concerted utilization of various two-dimen NMR experiments to solve complex structural problems are also given.Table of ContentsIntroduction and Practical Considerations of Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy. Heteronuclear Chemical shift Correlation. Relayed Coherence Transfer and Related 2D-NMR Experiments. 13_C-13_C Double Coherence 2D-NMR. The Inadequate Experiments. Applications Problems. Solutions to Problems. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Monte Carlo Methods in Chemical Physics: An Introduction to the Monte Carlo Method for Particle Simulations J. Ilja Siepmann Random Number Generators for Parallel Applications Ashok Srinivasan, David M. Ceperley and Michael Mascagni Between Classical and Quantum Monte Carlo Methods: Variational QMC Dario Bressanini and Peter J. Reynolds Monte Carlo Eigenvalue Methods in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics M. P. Nightingale and C.J. Umrigar Adaptive Path-Integral Monte Carlo Methods for Accurate Computation of Molecular Thermodynamic Properties Robert Q. Topper Monte Carlo Sampling for Classical Trajectory Simulations Gilles H. Peslherbe Haobin Wang and William L. Hase Monte Carlo Approaches to the Protein Folding Problem Jeffrey Skolnick and Andrzej Kolinski Entropy Sampling Monte Carlo for Polypeptides and Proteins Harold A. Scheraga and Minh-Hong Hao Macrostate Dissection of Thermodynamic Monte Carlo Integrals Bruce W. Church, Alex Ulitsky, and David Shalloway Simulated AnTable of ContentsAn Introduction to the Monte Carlo Method for Particle Simulations (J. Siepmann). Random Number Generators for Parallel Applications (A. Srinivasan, et al.). Between Classical and Quantum Monte Carlo Methods: "Variational" QMC (D. Bressanini & P. Reynolds). Monte Carlo Eigenvalue Methods in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Methods (M. Nightingale & C. Umrigar). Adaptive Path-Integral Monte Carlo Methods for Accurate Computation of Molecular Thermodynamic Properties (R. Topper). Monte Carlo Sampling for Classical Trajectory Simulations (G. Peslherbe, et al.). Monte Carlo Approaches to the Protein Folding Problem (J. Skolnick & A. Kolinski). Entropy Sampling Monte Carlo for Polypeptides and Proteins (H. Scheraga & M. Hao). Macrostate Dissection of Thermodynamic Monte Carlo Integrals (B. Church, et al.). Simulated Annealing-Optimal Histogram Methods (D. Ferguson & D. Garrett). Monte Carlo Methods for Polymeric Systems (J. de Pablo & F. Escobedo). Thermodynamic-Scaling Methods in Monte Carlo and Their Application to Phase Equilibria (J. Valleau). Semigrand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation: Integration Along Coexistence Lines (D. Kofke). Monte Carlo Methods for Simulating Phase Equilibria of Complex Fluids (J. Siepmann). Reactive Canonical Monte Carlo (J. Johnson). New Monte Carlo Algorithms for Classical Spin Systems (G. Barkema & M. Newman). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume in the prestigious Advances in Chemical Physics series, edited by Nobel Prize-winner Ilya Prigogine and renowned authority Stuart A. Rice, provides general information about a wide variety of topics in chemical physics. Experts present comprehensive analyses of subjects of interest and encourage the expression of individual points of view. This approach to presenting an overview of a subject will both stimulate new research and serve as a personalized learning text for beginners in the field.Table of ContentsMolecular Vibration and Nonlinear Optics (D. Bishop). Local Mode Vibrations in Polyatomic Molecules (L. Halonen). Wideband Measurement and Analysis Techniques for the Determinationof the Frequency- Dependent, Complex Susceptibility of MagneticFluids (P. Fannin). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis series provides the chemical physics community with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Volume 111 continues to report recent advances with significant, up-to-date chapters by internationally-recognized researchers.Table of ContentsHydrogen Bonds with Large Proton Polarizability and Proton TransferProcesses in Electrochemistry and Biology (G. Zundel). Phase Space Approach to Dissipative Molecular Dynamics (D. Kohen& D. Tannor). Microscopic Theories of the Rheology of Stable ColloidalDispersions (R. Lionberger & W. Russel). The Rational g Factor of Diatomic Molecules in State ?1Sigma?+ or0?+ (J. Ogilvie, et al.). A Comparative Study Electron- and Positron-Polyatomic MoleculeScattering (M. Kimura, et al.). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is the 112th volume in a series which is devoted to helping the reader obtain general information about a wide variety of topics in chemical physics. It provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations in every area of the discipline.Table of ContentsOn the Statics and Dynamics of Magnetoanisotropic Nanoparticles 1By J. L. Garcia-Palacios Relaxation times for Single-Domain Ferromagnetic Particles 211By E. E. C. Kennedy One-Dimensional Using Model for Spin Systems of Finite size 337By Andrzej R. Altenberger and John S. Dahler Quantum Electrodynamics of Resonance Energy Transfer 357By Gediminas Juzeliūmas and David L. Andrews Author Index 411 Subject Index 419

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe application of mathematical models to molecules has now reached maturity. Scientists as diverse as astrophysicists, biologists, chemists, materials scientists and zoologists can reach for their PC, Mac or laptop to model molecular phenomena of unbelievable complexity. Following the highly successful first edition of Modelling Molecular Structures, this newly updated edition is your guide through the myriad of applications for molecular modelling. This easy-to-read, highly illustrated text covers all areas of molecular modelling, including molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics, and the Hartree-Fock self-consistent field model, providing background information and critically discussing the latest techniques in the field. Covering developments in the field since the first publication, this title also includes updated text and new material on: * Molecular Dynamics * Dealing with the Solvent This title is an indispensable introduction for all chemists, materials scieTrade Review"this excellent handbook should be on the desk of all interested in the use of computational methods in chemistry..." --Applied Organometallic Chemistry, March 2001Table of ContentsSeries Preface Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Prerequisites Molecular Mechanics Dynamics The Hydrogen Molecule Ion The Hydrogen Molecule The Electron Density The Hartree-Fock Model The Hückel Model Neglect of Differential Overlap Models Basis Sets Ab Initio Packages Electron Correlation Slater's X Model Density Functional Therory Potential Energy Surfaces Dealing with the Solvent Primary Properties and their Derivatives Induced Properties Miscellany References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisState-of-the-art tools and applicationsfor food safety and food science research Atomic spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are important tools for identifying and quantifying trace elements in food products-elements that may be potentially beneficial or potentially toxic. The Determination of Chemical Elements in Food: Applications for Atomic and Mass Spectrometry teaches the reader how to use these advanced technologies for food analysis. With chapters written by internationally renowned scientists, it provides a detailed overview of progress in the field and the latest innovations in instrumentation and techniques, covering: Fundamentals and method development, selected applications, and speciation analysis Applications of atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Applications to foods of animal origin and applications to foods of vegetable Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT. 1. Improvement in Pretreatment and Analysis with Spectrometric Methods: A Typical Application to Routine Analysis.(K. Boutakhrit, F. Bolle, J.M. Degroodt, and L. Goeyens) 2. Solubilization: Trends of Development in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry for Elemental Food Analysis. (Henryk Matusiewicz) 3. Chemical Elements in Food and the Role of Atomic and Mass Spectrometry. Advantages and Drawbacks of the Determination of Selected Trace Elements in Foodstuffs by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. (Lars Jorhem and Joakim Engman) 4. High-Resolution Continuum Source AAs and its Application to Food Analysis. (Bernhard Welz, Daniel L. G. Borges, and Uwe Heitmann) 5. Determining the Geographical Origin of Foods: Considerations when Designing Experimental Protocols and Choosing Analytical Approaches. (John Lewis and Simon Hird) 6. Methods Validation for Food Analysis: Concepts and Use of Statistical Techniques. (Joris Van Loco) 7. Demonstration of Measurement Capabilities by Means of Interlaboratory Comparison Schemes for Trace Element Analysis in Food. (Yetunde Aregbe, Piotr Robouch, and Thomas Prohaska) SECTION 2: SELECTED APPLICATIONS. 8. Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to Trace Element research and Control. (Francesco Cubadda) 9. Danish Monitoring System for Foods 1998-2003. Content of As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Se and Dietary Inake by Children and Adults. (Erik H. Larsen, Inge Rokkjar, and Tue Christensen) 10. Trace Elements in the Total Diet Typical of Northern Italy. (M. Bettinelli, S. Spezia, A. Gatti, A. Ronchi, C. Minoia, C. Roggi, and G. Turconi) 11. Car Catalytic Converters and the Contamination of Food by Platinum-Group Elements. (Chiara Frazzoli, Roberta Cammarone, and Sergio Caroli) 12. Arsenic and Other Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Rice. (Chiara Frazzoli, Marilena D'Amato, Sergio Caroli, and Gyula Zaray) 13. Total Analysis and Distribution of Trace Elements in Human, Cow, and Formula Milk. (Rafael R. de la Flor St. Remy, Maria Luisa Fernandez Sanchez, and Alfredo Sanz-Medel) 14. Use of Spectrochemical Methods for the Determination of Metals in Fish and Other Seafood in Louisiana. (Joseph Sneddon) 15. Essential and Potentially Toxic Chemical Elements in Beverages. (Patricia Smichowksi and Daniel A. Batistoni) SECTION 3: SPECIATION ANALYSIS. 16. Species-Specific Determination of Metal(loid)-containing Food Additive sand Contaminants by Chromatography with ICP-MS Detection. (A. Polatajko, B. Bouyssiere, and J.Szpunar) 17. Elemental Speciation in Human Milk and Substitute Food for Newborns. (bernahrd Michalke, Maria Luisa Fernancez Sanchez, and Alfredo Sanz-Medel) 18. Measurement of Total Arsenic and Arsenic Species in Seafood By Q ICP-MS. (William A. Maher, Jason Kiry, and Frank Krikowa) 19. Sample Preparation Prior to As- and Se-Speciation. (Mihaly Dernovics and Peter Fodor) 20. Measurement of Total Se and Se Species in Seafood by Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. (William A. Maher and Frank Kirkowa) 21. Application of ICP-MS for the Evaluation of Se Species in Food Related Products and in Dietary Supplements. (Katarzyna Wrobel, Kaximierz Wrobel, and Joseph A. Caruso) 22. Determination of Hg Species in Seafood. (Petra Krystek and Rob Ritsema) Author Index. Subject Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book addresses the formulation of theoretical molecular orbital models starting from quantum mechanics, and compares them to experimental results. It draws on a series of models that have already received widespread application and are available for new applications.Table of ContentsTheoretical Background. The Computational Problem. Selection of A Model. Practical Considerations: Input and Output. The Performance of the Model. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisElectrostatic accelerators, such as the Van de Graaf generator, are among the most established and well-developed particle accelerators. One of the key issues in the maturation of these accelerators has been the development of methods used to stabilize the energies of the particles they produce. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators presents a comprehensive overview of the key methods of stabilizing the energy of ions produced by electrostatic accelerators. After giving comprehensive background information on the subject, it explains the basis of high voltage generation, covering both the Van de Graaf charge transfer and the Crockcroft Walton voltage multiplier principle. This is followed by a description of the various methods used to detect the fluctuation in the energy of the accelerated ions. The later chapters describe the various ways used to stabilize the energy of the ions, gradually leading the reader to models of more complicated multi-loop stabilizers, composed Table of ContentsCharge Current Control. Voltage and Energy Sensors. The Corona Stabilizer. The Liner Control. Other Control Elements. Multiple-loop Voltage Stabilizers. Energy Modulation. Apendix. Epilogue. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis text provides an introduction to the theoretical methods that are used to analyze each sort of force and provide the reader with a guide to the most appropriate method for a given problem. Examples are used to illustrate the points, and the pitfalls that a novice might encounter are outlined.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory of Intermolecular Interactions (K. Szalewicz & B. Jeziorski). Basis Set Superposition Error (F. van Duijneveldt). Theory and Computation of Vibration, Rotation and Tunneling Motions of Van der Waals Complexes and Their Spectra (A. van der Avoird, et al.). Ab Initio Predictions of the Vibrational Spectra of Some Molecular Complexes: Comparison with Experiment (T. Ford). Conventional and Unconventional Hydrogen-Bonded Ionic Clusters (C. Deakyne). Protein-Ligand Interactions (G. Náray-Szabó). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry is a thoroughly revised and updated version of the highly successful book by Les Ebdon, An Introduction to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The change in title reflects the number of significant developments in the field of atomic spectrometry since publication of the earlier book. New topics include plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Key features: * Self assessment questions throughout book to test understanding * Keywords highlighted to facilitate revision * Practical exercises using modern techniques * Comprehensive bibliography for further reading The accessibility of An Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, makes it an ideal revision text for postgraduates, or for those studying the subject by distance learning.Table of ContentsOverview of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Electrothermal Atomization. Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Special Sample Introduction Techniques. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMuch data has been collected from experiments on the kinetics of radical reactions in different solids. This text explores the kinetics of solids. It discusses low-molecular matrices, polymers, and examines hydrogen atom transfer, triple carbene reactions and radical pair transformations.Table of ContentsFormally Kinetic Description of Reactions with Dispersion in Reactivity. Influence of Space-Orientation Factors on Reactivity in Solids. Connection of Solid Phase Kinetics with Molecular Dynamics. The Effect of the Structural-Physical Modification on the Kinetics of Radical Reactions. Tunnelling in Solid Phase Reactions. The Kinetic Isotope Effect in Solid Phase Reactions. Kinetics of Photoinitiated Reactions in Solids. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis succinct book is timely reading for anyone who wishes to understand the maze of science and secrecy at the heart of Iran's nuclear ambitions. Writing for the general reader, Jeremy Bernstein draws on his knowledge as a physicist to elucidate the scientific principles and technical hurdles involved in creating nuclear reactors and bombs.Trade ReviewNuclear Iran is part scientific primer, part history with a dash of policy analysis. Here the reader can come to grips—as best as we nonscientific souls can—with the math behind the concept of critical mass in nuclear fission. There [Bernstein] offers a brief but illuminating portrait of Gernot Zippe, the eccentric Austrian-German engineer, captured by the Soviets during World War II, who pioneered the centrifuge model later sold by the Pakistani proliferator A.Q. Khan to North Korea and Iran. Bernstein also details the history of the Iranian nuclear program, beginning with its origins under the Shah. Letting the facts speak for themselves, Bernstein makes it very hard to maintain that the mullahs have peaceful intentions… [I] loved the book. A reader doesn’t need to master every equation to get the conceptual gist, and anyone who publicly opines about Iran would do well to spend an afternoon learning from Jeremy Bernstein. -- Sohrab Ahmari * Wall Street Journal *This very timely book is valuable for anyone interested in learning about the real issues in the negotiations between the U.S. (and other nations) and Iran over their nuclear programs and the consequences of any agreement that is reached. -- A. M. Strauss * Choice *A lucid and fascinating explanation of the science that allows us to think clearly about nuclear Iran. -- Walter Isaacson, author of Steve Jobs and Einstein: His Life and Universe

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new experiments underway at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland may significantly change our understanding of elementary particle physics and, indeed, the universe. Suitable for first-year graduate students and advanced undergraduates, this textbook provides an introduction to the field.Trade Review"[T]he book is a valuable and important addition to libraries, personal and institutional. It would serve as an excellent textbook to students taking up research in elementary particle physics and also as a reference volume."--B. Ananthanarayan, Current Science

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Table of Contents1 The Investigation of Hole States in Nuclei by Means of Knockout and Other Reactions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Formalism for Knockout and Pickup Reactions.- 2.1. The Matrix Element and Overlap Integral.- 2.2 The Single-Nucleon Case.- 2.3. The Two-Nucleon Case.- 2.4. The Multi-Nucleon Case.- 2.5. Distortion and Finite-Range Effects.- 3. Single-Nucleon Knockout and Related Reactions.- 3.1. Comparison of Knockout and Pickup Reactions.- 3.2. Special Features of Knockout Reactions.- 3.3. Spectroscopic Studies.- 3.4. Proton States.- 3.5. Neutron States.- 4. Cluster Knockout and Related Reactions.- 4.1. Comparison of Knockout and Absorption Processes.- 4.2. The Quasi-Free or Peripheral Model.- 4.3. The Microscopic Model.- 4.4. The Effect of Exchange.- 4.5. Spectroscopic Studies.- 4.6. Comparison with Pickup Reactions.- 5. Other Reactions.- 5.1. Pion Reactions.- 5.2. Kaon Capture.- 5.3. Coulomb Disintegration.- 5.4. Inelastic Scattering to the Continuum.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2 High-Energy Scattering from Nuclei.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Models of High-Energy Scattering. Scattering of Objects with “Preexisting” Subunits.- 3. Existing Evidence Supporting Our Understanding of the High-Energy Scattering.- 3.1. Scattering from Deuteron.- 3.2. Scattering from 3He, 4He, 6Li, 7Li, and 9Be Targets.- 3.3. Scattering from 12C and 16O Targets.- 3.4. Scattering from 27A1, 64Cu, 208Pb, and 238U Targets.- 3.5. Total Cross Sections.- 4. Scattering of Objects without “Preexisting” Subunits. Scattering from Fluctuations.- 5. Prospects of what Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics Can Learn from High-Energy Nuclear Scattering.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- References.- 3 Nucleosynthesis by Charged-Particle Reactions.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Nuclear and Elemental Abundances.- 1.2. Possible Sites for Nucleosynthesis.- 1.3. Nucleosynthetic Processes.- 2. Charged-Particle Reaction Rates.- 2.1. General Case and Definitions.- 2.2. Nonresonant Charged-Particle Reactions.- 2.3. Isolated Narrow Resonances.- 2.4. Broad Overlapping Resonances.- 2.5. Excited State Reactions.- 2.6. High Level Density Region, Continuum Cross Sections.- 3. Hydrogen Burning.- 3.1. The p-p Chain.- 3.2. The C—N—O Bi-Cycle.- 3.3. Solar Neutrinos.- 4. Helium Burning.- 4.1. The Triple-? Process.- 4.2. The 12C(?, ?)16O Reaction.- 4.3. Further Helium-Burning Reactions and Comparison with Abundances.- 4.4. 14N(?, ?)18F and 18O(?, ?)22Ne.- 5. Synthesis of the Nuclei with 20 ? A ? 60.- 5.1. Quiescent Carbon and Oxygen Burning.- 5.2. Quiescent Silicon Burning.- 5.3. Explosive Carbon, Oxygen, and Silicon Burning: Supernovae.- 6. Synthesis of the Nuclei with A ? 60 and the l-Process.- 6.1. The s- and r-Processes.- 6.2. Possible Neutron Sources.- 6.3. The p-Process.- 6.4. The l-Process: Synthesis of D, Li, Be, and B.- 7. Nucleosynthesis in Massive Exploding Objects.- 7.1. Universal Nucleosynthesis.- 7.2. Nucleosynthesis in Supermassive Objects.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Nucleosynthesis and Neutron-Capture Cross Sections.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of Neutron Buildup Theory.- 3. Stellar Neutron Sources.- 4. Neutron Capture Cross Sections.- 4.1. Techniques in the Measurement of keV Capture Cross Sections.- 4.2. Maxwellian-Averaged Cross Sections at 30 keV.- 4.3. Comments on Cross-Section Data.- 5. Abundance-Cross-Section Correlations.- 5.1. Abundances.- 5.2. Solar System Ns?(A).- 5.3. Isotopic Tests of Ns?(A).- 5.4. Comments on Ns?(A) and Nr(A).- 5.5. r-Process Abundances—Nr(A).- 5.6. Chronology.- 6. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5 Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Tin Region.- 1.2. Shell-Model Description.- 2. Experimental Data.- 2.1. Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.- 2.2. Odd-Mass Tin Isotopes.- 2.3. Odd-Mass Antimony Isotopes.- 2.4. Odd-Mass Indium Isotopes.- 3. Theoretical Calculations.- 3.1. General Discussion.- 3.2. Comparison with Experimental Results.- 4. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- General References.- Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.- Odd-Mass Tin Isotopes.- Odd-Mass Antimony Isotopes.- Odd-Mass Indium Isotopes.- Pittsburgh Calculations.- Trieste Calculations.- Chalk River Calculations.- 6 An s—d-Shell-Model Study for A = 18–22.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Model Hamiltonians.- 2.1. List of the Hamiltonians Used.- 2.2. Further Comments on the Realistic Two-Body Interactions K and KB.- 2.3. Further Description of the Least-Square Hamiltonians.- 3. Excitation Energies and Spectroscopic Factors.- 3.1. Excitation Energies: Introductory Remarks.- 3.2. Spectroscopic Factors: Introductory Remarks.- 3.3. Nucleus-by-Nucleus Comparison between Experimental Results and K+17O Results.- 3.4. Comparison of Results from Different Hamiltonians.- 4. Ground-State Binding Energies.- 5. Electric Quadrupole Moments and E2 Transitions.- 5.1. The Effective Operator Q2.- 5.2. Shell-Model E2 Results vs Measured E2 Results.- 5.3. Comparison of E2 Results from Different Shell Models.- 5.4. Comparison with E2 Results from Rotational Models.- 6. Magnetic Moments and M1 Transitions.- 6.1. The Effective M1 Operator.- 6.2. Magnetic Moments: Shell-Model vs Experiment.- 6.3. Magnetic Moments: Variation Among Shell-Model Results from Different Hamiltonians.- 6.4. Magnetic Dipole Transitions.- 6.5. Comparison to Ml Results from Rotational Models.- 7. Summary and Final Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- Appendix A. Shell-Model Basis and Methods.- A.1. Coupling Scheme.- A.2. Phases.- A.3. Computer Codes.- References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisUnderstanding the nature of the world requires improving our knowledge of the microworld. In this regard, the book gives a fairly comprehensive understanding of the basics of the atom, its structure, and spectral characteristics. The book consistently describes historical experiments with appropriate visual illustrations that help to better understand the development of ideas about the atom. The book contains information about the most basic models of the structure of atoms, ranging from the planetary model of the structure of the atom according to Rutherford, and ending with the basics of quantum theory, which is still relevant today. It is known that atoms can interact with each other, forming more complex structures - molecules, and knowledge about the type of chemical bond between atoms in a molecule is an important aspect in studying the structure of matter and predicting their chemical and physical properties, that can be gained through a logically structured information in the book. Importantly, the book discusses advanced methods for studying matter at the atomic level, including various types of scanning microscopy, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The book will be useful both for those who wish to deepen their knowledge about the atom, the regularities in changing the properties of an atom in the periodic table, modern research methods, and those who are interested in the nature of the world, especially on a nanometer scale.

Read more less