Atomic and molecular physics Books

Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Charged Particle Motion in Constant and Uniform Electromagnetic Fields.- 3. Charged Particle Motion in Nonuniform Magnetostatic Fields.- 4. Charged Particle Motion in Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields.- 5. Elements of Plasma Kinetic Theory.- 6. Average Values and Macroscopic Variables.- 7. The Equilibrium State.- 8. Macroscopic Transport Equations.- 9. Macroscopic Equations for a Conducting Fluid.- 10. Plasma Conductivity and Diffusion.- 11. Some Basic Plasma Phenomena.- 12. Simple Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics.- 13. The Pinch Effect.- 14. Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space.- 15. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves.- 16. Waves in Cold Plasmas.- 17. Waves in Warm Plasmas.- 18. Waves in Hot Isotropic Plasmas.- 19. Waves in Hot Magnetized Plasmas.- 20. Particle Interactions in Plasmas.- 21. The Boltzmann and the Fokker-Planck Equations.- 22. Transport Processes in Plasmas.- Appendix A Useful Vector Relations.- Appendix B Useful Relations in Cartesian and in CurvilineaTrade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "This is an excellent introductory textbook of plasma physics, especially recommendable to those starting the study of the subject. … the book is an immense monography of 678 pages. Our impressions are good … ." (Iván Abonyi, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1084, 2006)Table of ContentsCONTENTS 1. General Properties of Plasmas 1.1 Definition of a Plasma 1.2 Plasma as the Fourth State of Matter 1.3 Plasma Production 1.4 Particle Interactions and Collective Effects 1.5 Some Basic Plasma Phenomena 2. Criteria for the De.nition of a Plasma 2.1 Macroscopic Neutrality 2.2 Debye Shielding 2.3 The Plasma Frequency 3. The Occurrence of Plasmas in Nature 3.1 The Sun and its Atmosphere 3.2 The Solar Wind 3.3 The Magnetosphere and the Van Allen Radiation Belts 3.4 The Ionosphere 3.5 Plasmas Beyond the Solar System 4. Applications of Plasma Physics 4.1 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 4.2 The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator 4.3 Plasma Propulsion 4.4 Other Plasma Devices 5. Theoretical Description of Plasma Phenomena 5.1 General Considerations on a Self-Consistent Formulation 5.2 Theoretical Approaches Problems 1. Introduction 2. Energy Conservation 3. Uniform Electrostatic Field 4. Uniform Magnetostatic Field 4.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 4.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 4.3 Magnetic Moment 4.4 Magnetization Current 5. Uniform Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Fields 5.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 5.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 6. Drift Due to an External Force Problems 1. Introduction 2. Spatial Variation of the Magnetic Field 2.1 Divergence Terms 2.2 Gradient and Curvature Terms 2.3 Shear Terms 3. Equation of Motion in the First Order Approximation 4. Average Force Over One Gyration Period 4.1 Parallel Force 4.2 Perpendicular Force 4.3 Total Average Force 5. Gradient Drift 6. Parallel Acceleration of the Guiding Center 6.1 Invariance of the Orbital Magnetic Moment and of the Magnetic Flux 6.2 Magnetic Mirror Effect 6.3 The Longitudinal Adiabatic Invariant 7. Curvature Drift 8. Combined Gradient-Curvature Drift Problems 1. Introduction 2. Slowly Time-Varying Electric Field 2.1 Equation of Motion and Polarization Drift 2.2 Plasma Dielectric Constant 3. Electric Field with Arbitrary Time Variation 3.1 Solution of the Equation of Motion 3.2 Physical Interpretation 3.3 Mobility Dyad 3.4 Plasma Conductivity Dyad 3.5 Cyclotron Resonance 4. Time-Varying Magnetic Field and Space-Varying Electric Field 4.1 Equation of Motion and Adiabatic Invariants 4.2 Magnetic Heating of a Plasma 5. Summary of Guiding Center Drifts and Current Densities 5.1 Guiding Center Drifts 5.2 Current Densities Problems 1. Introduction 2. Phase Space 2.1 Single-Particle Phase Space 2.2 Many-Particle Phase Space 2.3 Volume Elements 3. Distribution Function 4. Number Density and Average Velocity 5. The Boltzmann Equation 5.1 Colisionless Boltzmann Equation 5.2 Jacobian of the Transformation in Phase Space 5.3 E.ects of Particle Interactions 6. Relaxation Model for the Collision Term 7. The Vlasov Equation Problems 1. Average Value of a Physical Quantity 2. Average Velocity and Peculiar Velocity 3. Flux 4. Particle Current Density 5. Momentum Flow Dyad or Tensor 6. Pressure Dyad or Tensor 6.1 Concept of Pressure 6.2 Force per Unit Area 6.3 Force per Unit Volume 6.4 Scalar Pressure and Absolute Temperature 7. Heat Flow Vector 8. Heat Flow Triad 9. Total Energy Flux Triad 10. Higher Moments of the Distribution Function Problems 1. The Equilibrium State Distribution Function 1.1 The General Principle of Detailed Balance and Binary Collisions 1.2 Summation Invariants 1.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 1.4 Determination of the Constant Coe.cients 1.5 Local Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 2. The Most Probable Distribution 3. M

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.

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Book SynopsisScientific achievement cannot be subjected to the very refined measurement techniques of science itself, but there is a continuous mutual evaluation among scientists which manifests itself through refereeing, literature citation and dedicatory volumes like the present one.Table of ContentsPer-Olov Löwdin — Conqueror of Scientific, Educational and Rocky Mountains.- Publications of Per-Olov Löwdin 1939–1976.- Per-Olov Löwdin in the Scientific Literature 1965–1974.- Acta Vålådalensia Revisited: Per-Olov Löwdin in Scientific Discussion.- The Non-Orthogonality Problem and Orthogonalization Procedures.- Biorthonormal Bases in Hilbert Space.- Energy Weighted Maximum Overlap (EWMO).- The Calculation of the Exchange Parameter J = ½ (Esinglet-Etriplet) for Two Equivalent Electrons using Canonical Molecular orbitals.- Importance of Overlap in the Analysis of Weak Exchange Interactions by Perturbation Methods.- Inelastic Scattering of Photons from Ionic Crystals and Effects of Overlap.- Some Comments on the Quantum-Mechanical Treatment of Defects in Ionic Crystals.- Properties of Compressed Atoms from a Spherical Cellular Model.- Static and Dynamic Correlations in Many-Electron Systems.- Power Series Method for Cellular Calculations on Atoms, Molecules and Solids.- Test of Conventional Quantum Chemistry Methods on the Hydrogen Atom.- Numerical Aspects of Weyl’s Theory.- Quantization and a Green’s Function for Systems of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations.- On Resonant Potential Scattering.- Laguerre Polynomials, Reminiscences from Uppsala.- Partitioning Technique for Determinantal Equations.- Lower Bounds to Energy Eigenvalues.- Bounds to the Sum-rule Function from Inner-Projections.- Investigations into the Properties of Projected Spin Functions.- Many-Body Theory of Molecular Collisions.- On the Löwdin Bracketing Function.- Numerical Infinite-Order Perturbation Theory.- Calculation of the Bromine Nuclear Pseudoquadrupole Coupling Constant in the LiBr Molecule Using a Density-of-States Function Deduced from Overlap Integrals.- On Inversion Symmetry in Momentum Space.- Bonding Character of Inner-Shell Orbitals in Diatomic Molecules.- A New Formulation of the Correlation Problem.- The Chemical Bond as a Many-Electron Problem.- Orbital Methods and Correlation Errors in Expectation Values.- Long-range Interaction in some Two-Electron Systems.- The Generator Coordinate Method Illustrated on the Hydrogen Molecule.- Projected Hartree-Fock Calculations on the Ground and First Excited 1?g+ States of the Hydrogen Molecule.- Deformed Atoms and the Projected Hartree-Fock Method.- MCSCF Studies of Chemical Reactions: Natural Reaction Orbitals and Localized Reaction Orbitals.- The Phosphate Group in Quantum Biochemistry.- Towards the Theoretical Determination of the Conformation of Biological Macromolecules.- Energetics and Mechanism of 2-Aminopurine Induced Mutations.- External Electrical Field and Proton Transfer.- Proton Tunnelling in DNA Base Pairs and Mutagenesis.- On Proton Mobilities in Individual Hydrogen Bonds.

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Book SynopsisI Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons.- 1. Basic Kinematic Electron Diffraction.- 2. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 3. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory.- 4. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches.- 5. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected High-Energy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces.- II Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons.- 6. Inelastic Excitations and Absorption Effect in Electron Diffraction.- 7. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering.- 8. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 9. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging.- 10. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory.- 11. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory.- 12. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory.- 13. Inelastic Scattering in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Imaging.- 14. Multiple ITrade Review`This is an excellent and comprehensive book describing the theory of the elastic and inelastic scattering of the electrons by crystals....This book fills a gap in the existing books on electron microscopy because it discusses in considerable depth inelastic scattering in electron diffraction and microscopy...very useful both as a textbook and as a reference book....comprehensive and right up to date...suitable for scientists ranging from research students to real experts in the field.' Journal of Microscopy `Without question this book, particularly the treatment of inelastic scattering, is a noteworthy achievement and a valuable contribution to the literature.' American Scientist Table of ContentsIntroduction. Symbols and Definitions. Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons: Basic Kinematical Electron Diffraction. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected Highenergy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces. Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons: Inelastic Excitations and 'Absorption' Effect in Electron Diffraction. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory. Inelastic Scattering in Highresolution Transmission Electron Imaging. Multiple Inelastic Electron Scattering. Inelastic Excitation of Crystals in Thermal Equilibrium with Environment. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.Table of ContentsVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.

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Book SynopsisStarting from a comprehensive quantum mechanical description, this book introduces the optical (IR, Raman, UV/Vis, CD, fluorescence and laser spectroscopy) and magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR, ESR) techniques.Table of Contentsand Future of Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Membrane Proteins.- Instrumentation and Experimental Setup.- Advanced ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane Biophysics.- Practical Pulsed Dipolar ESR (DEER).- Membrane Protein Structure and Dynamics Studied by Site-Directed Spin-Labeling ESR.- High-Field ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane and Protein Biophysics.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems.The book first reviews calculational techniques in field theory and the status of quantum electrodynamics. It then focuses on global and local symmetries and the construction of non-abelian gauge theories. The structure and tests of quantum chromodynamics, collider physics, the electroweak interactions and theory, and the physics of neutrino mass and mixing are thoroughly explored. The final chapter discusses the motivaTrade Review"The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010"The textbook by Paul Langacker gives a comprehensive…overview about the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics and beyond…. the full Standard Model including mathematical foundations and current experimental references is fully reviewed. After each chapter, the reader finds quite an extensive set of problems which allows [them] to deepen the previously learned knowledge…The book is clearly not intended to serve theorists in their daily life but rather an experimental physicist to understand the theory behind and perform some simple calculations. However, as a kind of compendium and standard reference it is a worthy tool for everybody in the field."—Wolfgang G. Hollik (Hamburg) in Zentralblatt MATH 1376."The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010Table of ContentsNotation and ConventionsReview of Perturbative Field TheoryLie Groups, Lie Algebras, and SymmetriesGauge TheoriesThe Strong Interactions and QCDCollider PhysicsThe Weak InteractionsThe Standard Electroweak TheoryNeutrino Mass and MixingBeyond the Standard ModelAppendix A: Canonical Commutation RulesAppendix B: Derivation of a Simple Feynman DiagramAppendix C: Unitarity, the Partial Wave Expansion, and the Optical TheoremAppendix D: Two, Three, and nBody Phase SpaceAppendix E: Calculation of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the ElectronAppendix F: BreitWigner ResonancesAppendix G: Implications of P, C, T, and Gparity for Nucleon Matrix ElementsAppendix H: Quantum Mechanical Analogs of Symmetry Breaking

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Book SynopsisThis third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open accessTable of ContentsAccelerators, Colliders and Their Application.- Beam Dynamics.- Non-linear Dynamics in Accelerators.- Impedance and Collective Effects.- Interactions of Beams With Surroundings.- Design Principles for Synchrotrons and Circular Colliders.- Design Principles for Linear Accelerators and Linear Colliders.- Accelerator Engineering and Technology.- Accelerator Operations.- The Largest Accelerators and Colliders of Their Time.- Applications of Accelerators and Storage Rings.- Outlook for the Future.- Cosmic Particle Accelerators.

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Book SynopsisThis second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. The Interaction of Radiation with Matter.- Chapter 3. Scintillation Detectors for Charged Particles and Photons.- Chapter 4. Gaseous Detectors.- Chapter 5. Solid State Detectors.- Chapter 6. Calorimetry.- Chapter 7. Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors.- Chapter 8. Neutrino Detectors.- Chapter 9. Nuclear Emulsions.- Chapter 10. Signal Processing for Particle Detectors.- Chapter 11. Detector Simulation.- Chapter 12. Triggering and High-Level Data Selection.- Chapter 13. Pattern Recognition and Reconstruction.- Chapter 14. Distributed Computing.- Chapter 15. Statistical Issues in Particle Physics.- Chapter 16. Integration of Detectors Into a Large Experiment: Examples From ATLAS andCMS.- Chapter 17. Neutrino Detectors under Water and Ice.- Chapter 18. Space Borne Experiments.- Chapter 19. Cryogenic Detectors.- Chapter 20. Detectors in Medicine and Biology.- Chapter 21. Solid State Detectors for High Radiation Environments.- Chapter 22. Future Developments of Detectors.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first graduate-level, self-contained introduction to recent developments that lead to the formulation of the configuration-interaction approach for open quantum systems, the Gamow shell model, which provides a unitary description of quantum many-body system in different regimes of binding, and enables the unification in the description of nuclear structure and reactions. The Gamow shell model extends and generalizes the phenomenologically successful nuclear shell model to the domain of weakly-bound near-threshold states and resonances, offering a systematic tool to understand and categorize data on nuclear spectra, moments, collective excitations, particle and electromagnetic decays, clustering, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and radiative capture cross sections of interest to astrophysics. The approach is of interest beyond nuclear physics and based on general properties of quasi-stationary solutions of the Schrödinger equation – so-called Gamow states. For the benefit of graduate students and newcomers to the field, the quantum-mechanical fundamentals are introduced in some detail. The text also provides a historical overview of how the field has evolved from the early days of the nuclear shell model to recent experimental developments, in both nuclear physics and related fields, supporting the unified description. The text contains many worked examples and several numerical codes are introduced to allow the reader to test different aspects of the continuum shell model discussed in the book.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Discrete Spectrum and the Continuum.- One- and Two-Particle Systems.- Shell Model in Berggren Basis.- No-Core Gamow Shell Model.- Unification of Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Reactions.- Collective Phenomena.- Conclusions and Open Problems.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth and accessible description of special relativity and quantum mechanics which together form the foundation of 21st century physics. A novel aspect is that symmetry is given its rightful prominence as an integral part of this foundation. The book offers not only a conceptual understanding of symmetry, but also the mathematical tools necessary for quantitative analysis. As such, it provides a valuable precursor to more focused, advanced books on special relativity or quantum mechanics.Students are introduced to several topics not typically covered until much later in their education.These include space-time diagrams, the action principle, a proof of Noether's theorem, Lorentz vectors and tensors, symmetry breaking and general relativity. The book also provides extensive descriptions on topics of current general interest such as gravitational waves, cosmology, Bell's theorem, entanglement and quantum computing.Throughout the text, every opportunity is taken to emphasize the intimate connection between physics, symmetry and mathematics.The style remains light despite the rigorous and intensive content. The book is intended as a stand-alone or supplementary physics text for a one or two semester course for students who have completed an introductory calculus course and a first-year physics course that includes Newtonian mechanics and some electrostatics. Basic knowledge of linear algebra is useful but not essential, as all requisite mathematical background is provided either in the body of the text or in the Appendices. Interspersed through the text are well over a hundred worked examples and unsolved exercises for the student.Table of Contents1 Introduction 91.1 The goal of physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 The connection between physics and mathematics . . . . . . . 101.3 Paradigm shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 The Correspondence Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Symmetry and Physics 172.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 What is Symmetry? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.3 Role of Symmetry in Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.3.1 Symmetry as a guiding principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.3.2 Symmetry and Conserved Quantities: Noether's Theorem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.3 Symmetry as a tool for simplifying problems . . . . . . 192.4 Symmetries were made to be broken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4.1 Spacetime symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4.2 Parity violation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.4.3 Spontaneously broken symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.4.4 Variational calculations: Lifeguards and light rays . . . 273 Formal Aspects of Symmetry 303.1 Learning outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.2 Symmetries and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.2.1 Denition of a symmetry operation . . . . . . . . . . . 303.2.2 Rules obeyed by symmetry operations . . . . . . . . . 323.2.3 Multiplication tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.2.4 Symmetry and group theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.3.1 The identity operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.3.2 Permutations of two identical objects . . . . . . . . . . 373.3.3 Permutations of three identical objects . . . . . . . . . 383.3.4 Rotations of regular polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.4 Continuous vs discrete symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.5 Symmetries and Conserved Quantities:Noether's Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.6 Supplementary: Variational Mechanics and the Proof of Noether'sTheorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.6.1 Variational Mechanics: Principle of Least Action . . . . 423.6.2 Euler-Lagrange Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.6.3 Proof of Noether's Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Symmetries and Linear Transformations 524.1 Learning outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.2 Review of Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.2.1 Coordinate free denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.2.2 Cartesian Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.2.3 Vector operations in component form . . . . . . . . . . 594.2.4 Position vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.2.5 Dierentiation of vectors: velocity and acceleration . . 624.3 Linear Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.3.1 Denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.3.2 Translations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.3.3 Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.3.4 Reections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.4 Linear Transformations and matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.4.1 Linear transformations as matrices . . . . . . . . . . . 684.4.2 Identity Transformation and Inverses . . . . . . . . . . 704.4.3 Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.4.4 Reections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.4.5 Matrix Representation of Permutations of Three Objects 734.5 Pythagoras and Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 Special Relativity I: The Basics 775.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.2 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.2.1 Frames5.2.2 Spacetime Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.2.3 Newtonian Relativity and Galilean Transformations . . 835.3 Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.3.1 The Fundamental Postulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.3.2 The problem with Galilean Relativity . . . . . . . . . . 855.3.3 Michelson-Morley Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.3.4 Maxwell's Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.4 Summary of Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5 Relativity of Simultaneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.6 Time Dilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.6.1 Derivation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.6.2 Proper Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995.6.3 Experimental Conrmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.6.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025.7 Lorentz Contraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.7.1 Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.7.2 Properties: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.7.3 Proper Length and Proper Distance. . . . . . . . . . . 1045.7.4 Examples: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 Special Relativity II: In Depth 1106.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.2 Lorentz Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.2.1 Derivation of general form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.2.2 Properties of Lorentz Transformations . . . . . . . . . 1136.2.3 Lorentzian Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166.3 The Light Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196.4 Proper time revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206.5 Relativistic Addition of Velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226.6 Relativistic Doppler Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246.6.1 Non-relativistic Doppler Shift Review . . . . . . . . . . 1246.6.2 Relativistic Doppler Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246.7 Relativistic Energy and Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.7.1 Relativistic Energy Momentum Conservation . . . . . . 1276.7.2 Relativistic Inertia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286.7.3 Relativistic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296.7.4 Relativistic Three-Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296.7.5 Relationship Between Relativistic Energy and Momentum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306.7.6 Kinetic energy: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306.7.7 Massless particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1316.8 Space-time Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.8.1 Position Four-Vector: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.8.2 Four-momentum: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1356.8.3 Null four-vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376.8.4 Relativistic Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376.8.5 More Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386.9 Relativistic Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396.10 Symmetry Redux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406.10.1 Matrix form of Lorentz Transformations . . . . . . . . 1406.10.2 Lorentz Transformations as a Symmetry Group . . . . 1426.11 Supplementary: Four vectors and tensors in covariant form . . 1437 General Relativity 1497.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1497.2 Problems with Newtonian Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1497.2.1 Review of Newtonian Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1497.2.2 Perihelion Shift of Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1517.2.3 Action at a Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1527.2.4 The Puzzle of Inertial vs Gravitational Mass . . . . . . 1537.3 Einstein's Thinking: the Strong Principle of Equivalence . . . 1537.4 Geometry of Spacetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557.5 Some Consequences of General Relativity: . . . . . . . . . . . 1587.6 Gravitational Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597.6.2 Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607.6.3 Recent Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617.7 Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1637.7.1 Denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1637.7.2 Properties: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1637.7.3 Observational Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647.7.4 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667.8 Cosmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1668 Introduction to the Quantum 1708.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1708.2 Light as particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1718.2.1 Review: Light as Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1718.2.2 Photoelectric Eect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1718.2.3 Compton Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1758.3 Blackbody Radiation and the Ultraviolet Catastrophe . . . . . 1798.3.1 Blackbody Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1798.3.2 Derivation of Rayleigh-Jeans Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 1818.3.3 The ultraviolet catastrophe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1888.3.4 Quantum resolution: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1898.3.5 The Early Universe: the ultimate blackbody . . . . . . 1918.4 Particles as waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968.4.1 Electron waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968.4.2 de Broglie Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1978.4.3 Observational Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998.5 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2029 The Wave Function 2049.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2049.2 Quantum vs Newtonian description of physical states . . . . . 2049.2.1 Newtonian description of the state of a particle . . . . 2059.2.2 Quantum description of the state of a particle . . . . . 2059.3 Physical Consequences and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . 2079.4 Measurements of position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2089.5 Example: Gaussian wavefunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2099.6 \Spooky" Action at a Distance: Non-Locality in QuantumMechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119.6.1 The EPR \Paradox" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119.6.2 Bell's Theorem and the Experimental Repudiation ofEPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21410 The Schrodinger Equation 21710.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21710.2 Momentum in Quantum Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21810.2.1 Pure Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21810.2.2 The Momentum Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22010.3 Energy in Quantum Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22310.4 The Time Independent Schrodinger Equation . . . . . . . . . 22410.4.1 Stationary States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22410.4.2 The \Quantum" in Quantum Mechanics . . . . . . . . 22610.5 Examples of Stationary States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22610.5.1 Free particle in one dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22610.5.2 Example 2: Particle in a Box with Impenetrable Walls 22710.5.3 Example 3 : Simple Harmonic Oscillator . . . . . . . . 22910.6 Absorption and emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23110.7 Tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23310.7.1 Tunnelling through a potential barrier of nite width . 23310.7.2 Particle in a Box with Penetrable Walls . . . . . . . . . 23510.7.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23710.7.4 Applications of tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23810.8 The Quantum Correspondence Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . 24210.8.1 Recovering the everyday world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24210.8.2 The Bohr Correspondence Principle . . . . . . . . . . . 24310.9 The Time Dependent Schrodinger equation . . . . . . . . . . . 24410.9.1 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24611 The Hydrogen Atom 24911.1 Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24911.2 Newtonian (Classical) Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24911.3 The Bohr Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25111.4 Semi-classical spectrum from the Bohr correspondence principle25411.5 Emission and Absorption Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25411.6 Three Dimensional Hydrogen Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25611.6.1 Schrodinger Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25611.6.2 Solutions and Quantum Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 25811.6.3 Fermions and the spin quantum number . . . . . . . . 26211.7 Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26511.7.1 Hydrogen-like atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26511.7.2 Chemical Properties and the Periodic Table . . . . . . 26612 Nuclear Physics 27012.1 Properties of the Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27012.1.1 Mass of Nucleons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27012.1.2 Structure of Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27112.1.3 The Nuclear Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27112.2 Binding Energy and Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27412.2.1 Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27412.2.2 Binding Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27512.2.3 Binding Energy per Nucleon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27512.3 Formation of Elements: A Brief History of the Universe . . . . 27612.4 Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27912.4.1 Unstable Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27912.4.2 Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28112.4.3 Beta decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28212.4.4 Alpha Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28312.4.5 Decay Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28312.4.6 Carbon Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28513 Supplementary: Advanced Topics 28713.1 Quantum Information and Quantum Computation . . . . . . . 28713.2 Relativity and quantum mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28714 Conclusions 28815 Appendix: Mathematical Background 28915.1 Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28915.2 Probabilities and expectation values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29115.2.1 Discrete Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29115.2.2 Continuous probability distributions . . . . . . . . . . 29215.2.3 Dirac Delta Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29615.3 Supplementary: Fourier Series and Transforms . . . . . . . . . 29815.3.1 Fourier series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29815.3.2 Fourier Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30015.3.3 The mathematical uncertainty principle . . . . . . . . . 30215.3.4 Dirac Delta Function Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30315.3.5 Parseval's Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30315.4 Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30415.4.1 Moving pure waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30415.4.2 Complex Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30515.4.3 Group velocity and phase velocity . . . . . . . . . . . 30515.4.4 Wave packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30715.4.5 Wave number and momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30915.5 Derivation of Hydrogen Wave Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the interdisciplinary areas of nuclear physics, supernovae and neutron star physics. It addresses the physics and astrophysics of the spectacular supernova explosions, starting with the collapse of massive stars and ending with the birth of neutron stars or black holes. Recent progress in the understanding of core collapse supernova (CCSN) and observational aspects of future detections of neutrinos from CCSN explosions are discussed. The other main focus in this text is the novel phases of dense nuclear matter, its compositions and equation of state (EoS) from low to very high baryon density relevant to supernovae and neutron stars. The multi-messenger astrophysics of binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its relation to EoS through tidal deformability are also presented in detail. The synthesis of elements heavier than iron in the supernova and neutron star environment by the rapid (r)-process are treated here with special emphasis on the nucleosynthesis in the ejected material from GW170817. This monograph is written for graduate students and researchers in the field of nuclear astrophysics.Table of ContentsPREFACE1. INTRODUCTION 2. THEORY OF SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS 2.1 Overview- historical 2.2 Supernova Type Ia 2.3 Gravitational collapse and pre-supernova conditions 2.4 Production of neutrinos and their emission 2.5 Shock wave formation and its eventual stalling 2.6 The revival of the shock wave- the neutrino mechanism 2.7 Multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and the present scenario 2.8 The supernova SN1987A 2.9 Detection of neutrinos from future supernova events 3. NEUTRON STARS 3.1 History and discovery of neutron stars 3.2 Observational Constraints on neutron stars 3.3 Compositions and novel phases of neutron stars - crust to core 3.4 Equation of State (EoS) models of neutron star matter 3.5 Relativistic field theoretical models for dense matter at zero and finite temperatures 3.6 Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Equation and Structures of neutron stars 3.7 A stable branch of compact stars beyond neutron star 3.8 Rotating neutron stars, moment of inertia (I) and quadrupole moment (Q) 3.9 Neutron star matter in strongly quantizing magnetic fields 3.10 EoS tables for supernova and binary neutron star merger simulations 4. BINARY NEUTRON STAR MERGERS 4.1 Gravitational waves as new window into neutron stars 4.2 First binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 and multi-messenger astrophysics 4.3 Tidal deformability, LOVE number and EoS 4.4 I-Love-Q universal relations 4.5 Late inspiral phase of BNS merger, tidal deformability and cold EoS 4.6 Neutron Star radius determination from tidal deformability 4.7 Hot and neutrino trapped merger remnant and finite temperature EoS 5. SYNTHESIS OF HEAVY ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSE 5.1 s-, r- and p-processes 5.2 Conditions for production of elements by r- process and the sites 5.3 Electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817 and ejected matter in BNS merger 5.4 Decompression of ejected neutron rich matter in Lattimer and Schramm model 5.5 Kilonova model 5.6 Heavy element synthesis in neutron rich matter ejected in GW170817 INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY (eventually at chapter-ends)

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the interdisciplinary areas of nuclear physics, supernovae and neutron star physics. It addresses the physics and astrophysics of the spectacular supernova explosions, starting with the collapse of massive stars and ending with the birth of neutron stars or black holes. Recent progress in the understanding of core collapse supernova (CCSN) and observational aspects of future detections of neutrinos from CCSN explosions are discussed. The other main focus in this text is the novel phases of dense nuclear matter, its compositions and equation of state (EoS) from low to very high baryon density relevant to supernovae and neutron stars. The multi-messenger astrophysics of binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its relation to EoS through tidal deformability are also presented in detail. The synthesis of elements heavier than iron in the supernova and neutron star environment by the rapid (r)-process are treated here with special emphasis on the nucleosynthesis in the ejected material from GW170817. This monograph is written for graduate students and researchers in the field of nuclear astrophysics.Table of ContentsPREFACE1. INTRODUCTION 2. THEORY OF SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS 2.1 Overview- historical 2.2 Supernova Type Ia 2.3 Gravitational collapse and pre-supernova conditions 2.4 Production of neutrinos and their emission 2.5 Shock wave formation and its eventual stalling 2.6 The revival of the shock wave- the neutrino mechanism 2.7 Multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and the present scenario 2.8 The supernova SN1987A 2.9 Detection of neutrinos from future supernova events 3. NEUTRON STARS 3.1 History and discovery of neutron stars 3.2 Observational Constraints on neutron stars 3.3 Compositions and novel phases of neutron stars - crust to core 3.4 Equation of State (EoS) models of neutron star matter 3.5 Relativistic field theoretical models for dense matter at zero and finite temperatures 3.6 Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Equation and Structures of neutron stars 3.7 A stable branch of compact stars beyond neutron star 3.8 Rotating neutron stars, moment of inertia (I) and quadrupole moment (Q) 3.9 Neutron star matter in strongly quantizing magnetic fields 3.10 EoS tables for supernova and binary neutron star merger simulations 4. BINARY NEUTRON STAR MERGERS 4.1 Gravitational waves as new window into neutron stars 4.2 First binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 and multi-messenger astrophysics 4.3 Tidal deformability, LOVE number and EoS 4.4 I-Love-Q universal relations 4.5 Late inspiral phase of BNS merger, tidal deformability and cold EoS 4.6 Neutron Star radius determination from tidal deformability 4.7 Hot and neutrino trapped merger remnant and finite temperature EoS 5. SYNTHESIS OF HEAVY ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSE 5.1 s-, r- and p-processes 5.2 Conditions for production of elements by r- process and the sites 5.3 Electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817 and ejected matter in BNS merger 5.4 Decompression of ejected neutron rich matter in Lattimer and Schramm model 5.5 Kilonova model 5.6 Heavy element synthesis in neutron rich matter ejected in GW170817 INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY (eventually at chapter-ends)

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Book SynopsisElectron collisions with atoms, ions, and molecules have been investigated since the earliest years of the last century because of their pervasiveness and importance in fields ranging from astrophysics and plasma physics to atmospheric and condensed matter physics. Written in an accessible yet rigorous style, this book introduces the theory of electron-atom scattering into both the non-relativistic and relativistic quantum frameworks. The book also includes exercises with an increasing degree of difficulty to allow the reader to become familiar with the subject.

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Book SynopsisThe raw numbers of high-energy-density physics are amazing: shock waves at hundreds of km/s (approaching a million km per hour), temperatures of millions of degrees, and pressures that exceed 100 million atmospheres. This title surveys the production of high-energy-density conditions, the fundamental plasma and hydrodynamic models that can describe them and the problem of scaling from the laboratory to the cosmos. Connections to astrophysics are discussed throughout. The book is intended to support coursework in high-energy-density physics, to meet the needs of new researchers in this field, and also to serve as a useful reference on the fundamentals. Specifically the book has been designed to enable academics in physics, astrophysics, applied physics and engineering departments to provide in a single-course, an introduction to fluid mechanics and radiative transfer, with dramatic applications in the field of high-energy-density systems. This second edition includes pedagogic improvements to the presentation throughout and additional material on equations of state, heat waves, and ionization fronts, as well as problem sets accompanied by solutions.Table of ContentsIntroduction to High-Energy-Density Physics.- Descriptions of Fluids and Plasmas.- Properties of High-Energy-Density Plasmas.- Shocks and Rarefactions.- Hydrodynamic Instabilities.- Radiative Transfer.- Radiation Hydrodynamics.- Creating High-Energy-Density Conditions.- Inertial Confinement Fusion.- Experimental Astrophysics.- Relativistic High-Energy-Density Systems.- Appendix A: Constants, Acronyms, and Standard Variables.- Appendix B: Sample Mathematica Code.- Appendix C: List of the Homework Problems and Solutions to Selected Problems.

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Book SynopsisAtomic physics and its underlying quantum theory are the point of departure for many modern areas of physics, astrophysics, chemistry, biology, and even electrical engineering. This textbook provides a careful and eminently readable introduction to the results and methods of empirical atomic physics. The student will acquire the tools of quantum physics and at the same time learn about the interplay between experiment and theory. A chapter on the quantum theory of the chemical bond provides the reader with an introduction to molecular physics. Plenty of problems are given to elucidate the material. The authors also discuss laser physics and nonlinear spectroscopy, incorporating latest experimental results and showing their relevance to basic research. Extra items in the second edition include solutions to the exercises, derivations of the relativistic Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, a detailed theoretical derivation of the Lamb shift, a discussion of new developments in the spectroscopy of inner shells, and new applications of NMR spectroscopy, for instance tomography.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics.- 1.2 Short Historical Review.- 2. The Mass and Size of the Atom.- 2.1 What is an Atom?.- 2.2 Determination of the Mass.- 2.3 Methods for Determining Avogadro’s Number.- 2.3.1 Electrolysis.- 2.3.2 The Gas Constant and Boltzmann’s Constant.- 2.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals.- 2.3.4 Determination Using Radioactive Decay.- 2.4 Determination of the Size of the Atom.- 2.4.1 Application of the Kinetic Theory of Gases.- 2.4.2 The Interaction Cross Section.- 2.4.3 Experimental Determination of Interaction Cross Sections.- 2.4.4 Determining the Atomic Size from the Covolume.- 2.4.5 Atomic Sizes from X-Ray Diffraction Measurements on Crystals.- 2.4.6 Can Individual Atoms Be Seen?.- Problems.- 3. Isotopes.- 3.1 The Periodic System of the Elements.- 3.2 Mass Spectroscopy.- 3.2.1 Parabola Method.- 3.2.2 Improved Mass Spectrometers.- 3.2.3 Results of Mass Spectrometry.- 3.2.4 Modern Applications of the Mass Spectrometer.- 3.2.5 Isotope Separation.- Problems.- 4. The Nucleus of the Atom.- 4.1 Passage of Electrons Through Matter.- 4.2 Passage of Alpha Particles Through Matter (Rutherford Scattering).- 4.2.1 Some Properties of Alpha Particles.- 4.2.2 Scattering of Alpha Particles by a Foil.- 4.2.3 Derivation of the Rutherford Scattering Formula.- 4.2.4 Experimental Results.- 4.2.5 What is Meant by Nuclear Radius?.- Problems.- 5. The Photon.- 5.1 Wave Character of Light.- 5.2 Thermal Radiation.- 5.2.1 Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation.- 5.2.2 Planck’s Radiation Formula.- 5.2.3 Einstein’s Derivation of Planck’s Formula.- 5.3 The Photoelectric Effect.- 5.4 The Compton Effect.- 5.4.1 Experiments.- 5.4.2 Derivation of the Compton Shift.- Problems.- 6. The Electron.- 6.1 Production of Free Electrons.- 6.2 Size of the Electron.- 6.3 The Charge of the Electron.- 6.4 The Specific Charge e/m of the Electron.- 6.5 Wave Character of Electrons.- Problems.- 7. Some Basic Properties of Matter Waves.- 7.1 Wave Packets.- 7.2 Probabilistic Interpretation.- 7.3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation.- 7.4 The Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation.- 7.5 Some Consequences of the Uncertainty Relations for Bound States.- Problems.- 8. Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.1 Basic Principles of Spectroscopy.- 8.2 The Optical Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.3 Bohr’s Postulates.- 8.4 Some Quantitative Conclusions.- 8.5 Motion of the Nucleus.- 8.6 Spectra of Hydrogen-like Atoms.- 8.7 Muonic Atoms.- 8.8 Excitation of Quantum Jumps by Collisions.- 8.9 Sommerfeld’s Extension of the Bohr Model and the Experimental Justification of a Second Quantum Number.- 8.10 Lifting of Orbital Degeneracy by the Relativistic Mass Change.- 8.11 Limits of the Bohr-Sommerfeld Theory. The Correspondence Principle.- 8.12 Rydberg Atoms.- Problems.- 9. The Mathematical Framework of Quantum Theory.- 9.1 The Particle in a Box.- 9.2 The Schrödinger Equation.- 9.3 The Conceptual Basis of Quantum Theory.- 9.3.1 Observations, Values of Measurements and Operators.- 9.3.2 Momentum Measurement and Momentum Probability.- 9.3.3 Average Values and Expectation Values.- 9.3.4 Operators and Expectation Values.- 9.3.5 Equations for Determining the Wavefunction.- 9.3.6 Simultaneous Observability and Commutation Relations.- 9.4 The Quantum Mechanical Oscillator.- Problems.- 10. Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom.- 10.1 Motion in a Central Field.- 10.2 Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions.- 10.3 The Radial Wavefunctions in a Central Field.- 10.4 The Radial Wavefunctions of Hydrogen.- Problems.- 11. Lifting of the Orbital Degeneracy in the Spectra of Alkali Atoms.- 11.1 Shell Structure.- 11.2 Screening.- 11.3 The Term Diagram.- 11.4 Inner Shells.- Problems.- 12. Orbital and Spin Magnetism. Fine Structure.- 12.1 Introduction and Overview.- 12.2 Magnetic Moment of the Orbital Motion.- 12.3 Precession and Orientation in a Magnetic Field.- 12.4 Spin and Magnetic Moment of the Electron.- 12.5 Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio by the Einstein-de Haas Method.- 12.6 Detection of Directional Quantisation by Stern and Gerlach.- 12.7 Fine Structure and Spin-Orbit Coupling: Overview.- 12.8 Calculation of Spin-Orbit Splitting in the Bohr Model.- 12.9 Level Scheme of the Alkali Atoms.- 12.10 Fine Structure in the Hydrogen Atom.- 12.11 The Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 13. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Experiments and Their Semiclassical Description.- 13.1 Directional Quantisation in a Magnetic Field.- 13.2 Electron Spin Resonance.- 13.3 The Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.1 Experiments.- 13.3.2 Explanation of the Zeeman Effect from the Standpoint of Classical Electron Theory.- 13.3.3 Description of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect by the Vector Model.- 13.3.4 The Anomalous Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.5 Magnetic Moments with Spin-Orbit Coupling.- 13.4 The Paschen-Back Effect.- 13.5 Double Resonance and Optical Pumping.- Problems.- 14. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Quantum Mechanical Treatment.- 14.1 Quantum Theory of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect.- 14.2 Quantum Theoretical Treatment of the Electron and Proton Spins.- 14.2.1 Spin as Angular Momentum.- 14.2.2 Spin Operators, Spin Matrices and Spin Wavefunctions.- 14.2.3 The Schrödinger Equation of a Spin in a Magnetic Field.- 14.2.4 Description of Spin Precession by Expectation Values.- 14.3 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Anomalous Zeeman Effect with Spin-Orbit Coupling*.- 14.4 Quantum Theory of a Spin in Mutually Perpendicular Magnetic Fields, One Constant and One Time Dependent.- 14.5 The Bloch Equations.- 14.6 The Relativistic Theory of the Electron. The Dirac Equation.- Problems.- 15. Atoms in an Electric Field.- 15.1 Observations of the Stark Effect.- 15.2 Quantum Theory of the Linear and Quadratic Stark Effects.- 15.2.1 The Hamiltonian.- 15.2.2 The Quadratic Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory Without Degeneracy.- 15.2.3 The Linear Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory in the Presence of Degeneracy.- 15.3 The Interaction of a Two-Level Atom with a Coherent Radiation Field.- 15.4 Spin- and Photon Echoes.- 15.5 A Glance at Quantum Electrodynamics.- 15.5.1 Field Quantization.- 15.5.2 Mass Renormalization and Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 16. General Laws of Optical Transitions.- 16.1 Symmetries and Selection Rules.- 16.1.1 Optical Matrix Elements.- 16.1.2 Examples of the Symmetry Behaviour of Wavefunctions.- 16.1.3 Selection Rules.- 16.1.4 Selection Rules and Multipole Radiation.- 16.2 Linewidths and Lineshapes.- 17. Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.1 The Spectrum of the Helium Atom.- 17.2 Electron Repulsion and the Pauli Principle.- 17.3 Angular Momentum Coupling.- 17.3.1 Coupling Mechanism.- 17.3.2 LS Coupling (Russell-Saunders Coupling).- 17.3.3 jj Coupling.- 17.4 Magnetic Moments of Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.5 Multiple Excitations.- Problems.- 18. X-Ray Spectra, Internal Shells.- 18.1 Introductory Remarks.- 18.2 X-Radiation from Outer Shells.- 18.3 X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Spectra.- 18.4 Emission Line Spectra: Characteristic Radiation.- 18.5 Fine Structure of the X-Ray Spectra.- 18.6 Absorption Spectra.- 18.7 The Auger Effect (Inner Photoeffect).- 18.8 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), ESCA.- Problems.- 19. Structure of the Periodic System. Ground States of the Elements.- 19.1 Periodic System and Shell Structure.- 19.2 Ground States of Atoms.- 19.3 Excited States and Complete Term Scheme.- 19.4 The Many-Electron Problem. Hartree-Fock Method.- 19.4.1 The Two-Electron Problem.- 19.4.2 Many Electrons Without Mutual Interactions.- 19.4.3 Coulomb Interaction of Electrons. Hartree and Hartree-Fock Methods.- Problems.- 20. Nuclear Spin, Hyperfine Structure.- 20.1 Influence of the Atomic Nucleus on Atomic Spectra.- 20.2 Spins and Magnetic Moments of Atomic Nuclei.- 20.3 The Hyperfine Interaction.- 20.4 Hyperfine Structure in the Ground States of the Hydrogen and Sodium Atoms.- 20.5 Hyperfine Structure in an External Magnetic Field, Electron Spin Resonance.- 20.6 Direct Measurements of Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.7 Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.8 The Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment.- Problems.- 21. The Laser.- 21.1 Some Basic Concepts for the Laser.- 21.2 Rate Equations and Lasing Conditions.- 21.3 Amplitude and Phase of Laser Light.- Problems.- 22. Modern Methods of Optical Spectroscopy.- 22.1 Classical Methods.- 22.2 Quantum Beats.- 22.3 Doppler-free Saturation Spectroscopy.- 22.4 Doppler-free Two-Photon Absorption.- 22.5 Level-Crossing Spectroscopy and the Hanle Effect.- 23. Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding.- 23.1 Introductory Remarks.- 23.2 The Hydrogen-Molecule Ion H2+.- 23.3 The Tunnel Effect.- 23.4 The Hydrogen Molecule H2.- 23.5 Covalent-Ionic Resonance.- 23.6 The Hund-Mulliken-Bloch Theory of Bonding in Hydrogen.- 23.7 Hybridisation.- 23.8 The ? Electrons of Benzene, C6H6.- Problems.- A. The Dirac Delta Function and the Normalisation of the Wavefunction of a Free Particle in Unbounded Space.- B. Some Properties of the Hamiltonian Operator, Its Eigenfunctions and Its Eigenvalues.- Bibliography of Supplementary and Specialised Literature.- Fundamental Constants of Atomic Physics (Inside Front Cover).- Energy Conversion Table (Inside Back Cover).

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Book SynopsisMotivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "This problem based textbook is a concise and particularly useful reference of quantum mechanics as used in a large range of modern applications in physics. … At the end of each section worked solutions, references and general comments are given … . this book of problems would be very useful for any physics departmental, or indeed individual research group, library. Highly recommended." (Lloyd C L Hollenberg, Australian Physics, Vol. 32 (6), 2007)Table of ContentsElementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms.- Neutrino Oscillations.- Summary of Quantum Mechanics.- Quantum Entanglement and Measurement.- The EPR Problem and Bell’s Inequality.- Complex Systems.- Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem.- Atomic Clocks.- Neutron Interferometry.- Spectroscopic Measurement on a Neutron Beam.- Analysis of a Stern-Gerlach Experiment.- Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly.- Decay of a Tritium Atom.- The Spectrum of Positronium.- The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields.- Energy Loss of Ions in Matter.- Schrödinger’s Cat.- Quantum Cryptography.- Direct Observation of Field Quantization.- Ideal Quantum Measurement.- The Quantum Eraser.- A Quantum Thermometer.- Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate.- Magnetic Excitons.- A Quantum Box.- Colored Molecular Ions.- Hyperfine Structure in Electron Spin Resonance.- Probing Matter with Positive Muons.- Quantum Reflection of Atoms from a Surface.- Laser Cooling and Trapping.- Bloch Oscillations.

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Book SynopsisAre the particles of modern physics "real" or are they virtual entities, their existence deduced merely by abstract theories? This book examines the continuing debate regarding the inner constitution of matter by exploring the particle concept in physics. It investigates if the particles of particle physics are real or not. Readers interested in the "true meaning" of such physical concepts will find this book informative and thought provoking.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This work could, and should, change the direction of current philosophy of science. Accomplished physicist-philosopher Falkenburg … has constructed a significant metaphysical framework in which to evaluate the knowledge claims of empirical particle physics. … Urgently recommended to all philosophers of science and interested physicists. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty." (P. D. Skiff, CHOICE, Vol. v4 (3), November, 2007)Table of ContentsScientific Realism.- Extending Physical Reality.- Particle Observation and Measurement.- Probing Subatomic Structure.- Measurement and the Unity of Physics.- Metamorphoses of the Particle Concept.- Wave-Particle Duality.- Subatomic Reality.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive source of the fundamentals, process parameters, instrumental components and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The effect of multiple pulses on material ablation, plasma dynamics and plasma emission is presented. A heuristic plasma modeling allows to simulate complex experimental plasma spectra. These methods and findings form the basis for a variety of applications to perform quantitative multi-element analysis with LIBS. These application potentials of LIBS have really boosted in the last years ranging from bulk analysis of metallic alloys and non-conducting materials, via spatially resolved analysis and depth profiling covering measuring objects in all physical states: gaseous, liquid and solid. Dedicated chapters present LIBS investigations for these tasks with special emphasis on the methodical and instrumental concepts as well as the optimization strategies for a quantitative analysis. Requirements, concepts, design and characteristic features of LIBS instruments are described covering laboratory systems, inspections systems for in-line process control, mobile systems and remote systems. State-of-the-art industrial applications of LIBS systems are presented demonstrating the benefits of inline process control for improved process guiding and quality assurance purposes.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.- Process parameters.- Instrumental components.- Evaporation and plasma generation.- Multiple-pulses for LIBS.- Material ablation.- Plasma dynamics and plasma parameters.- Plasma emission.- Modeling of plasma emission.- Quantitative analysis.- Combination of LIBS and LIF.- Bulk analysis of metallic alloys.- Bulk analysis of non-conducting materials.- Spatially resolved analysis.- Depth profiling.- LIBS instruments.- Industrial applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the state-of-the-art of Terahertz spectroscopy. It is a modern source for a beginners and researcher interested in THz spectroscopy. The basics and physical background of THz spectroscopy and technology are explained, and important applications are described. The book presents the highlights of scientific research in the field of THz science and provides an excellent overview of the field and future directions of research. Over the last decade the field of terahertz spectroscopy has developed into one of the most rapidly growing fields of spectroscopy with large impact across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Due to substantial advances in femtosecond laser technology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has established itself as the dominant spectroscopic technique for experimental scientists interested in measurements in this frequency range. In solids and liquids terahertz radiation is at resonance with both phonon modes and hydrogen bonding modes which makes it an ideal tool to study the interaction between molecules in a unique way, thus opening a wealth of opportunities for research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and pharmaceuticals. This book provides an easy access to scientists, engineers and students alike who want to understand the theory and applications of modern terahertz spectroscopy.Table of ContentsTransmission, reflection, refraction and scattering of Terahertz radiation.- Optical constants and dispersion relations in THz spectroscopy.- Scattering effects.- Converging Terahertz beam vs. plane wave.- Signal Processing – Wavelet Transform.- Signal Processing – Fractional Fourier transformation and spectrogram in signal processing of Terahertz pulses.- Terahertz Spectroscopy.- Crystalline and non-crystalline solids.- Liquids and Biomolecules.- Ellipsometry and active polarization control of Terahertz waves.- ATR sensing at terahertz frequencies.- Pump-probe spectroscopy.- Liquid crystals.- Waveguide spectroscopy.- Condensed matter physics.- Assignment of vibrational modes in crystalline materials.- On-chip pulsed Terahertz spectroscopy.- Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy.- Terahertz Imaging.- Far-field / Near-field.- Biomedical Imaging.- Pharmaceutical imaging.- Terahertz tomography.- Security.- Artists’ materials characterization.- Interesting Physics at Terahertz Frequencies.- Plasmonic structures.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov’s theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.Table of ContentsPassage of Charged Particles Through Matter.- Passage of Radiation Through Matter.- Radioactivity.- General Properties of Nuclei.- The Nuclear 1\vo-Body.- Nuclear Models.- Nuclear Reactions.

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Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.Table of ContentsI. Kinetische Theorie der Gase.- 1. Physikalische und mathematische Grundlagen.- Erster Entwurf eines theoretischen Bildes S..- Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung S..- Geometrische Wahrscheinlichkeiten S..- Verteilungsfunktionen S..- 2. Das Boltzmann-Prinzip.- Wahrscheinlichster Zustand S..- Formulierung des Prinzips S..- Anwendung auf Dipole S..- 3. Maxwell-Verteilung; Gleichverteilungssatz.- Maxwellsches Verteilungsgesetz S..- Gasdruck, Kondensation und Verdampfung S..- Thermisches Gleichgewicht S..- Gleichverteilungssatz S..- 4. Freie Weglänge und Stoßzahl.- Verteilung und Mittelwert der freien Weglängen S..- Weglänge und Stoßzahl S..- Verallgemeinerung des Weglänge-und Stoßzahlbegriffs S..- 5. Die Transportgleichung.- Wärmeleitung S..- Allgemeine Transportgleichung; Diffusionsprobleme S..- 6. Grenzen gaskinetischer Betrachtungsweise; Wandstöße.- Volumstöße und Wandstöße S..- Strömungswiderstand stark verdünnter Gase S..- Wärmeleitung bei tiefen Drucken; Akkommodationskoeffizient S..- 7. Entartung der Gase; die neue Statistik.- Statistische Abzählungsregeln S..- Das allgemeine Verteilungsgesetz S..- Entartung der Gase S..- 8. Schwankungserscheinungen.- Begriff der Schwankung S..- Mittlere Schwankung; mittleres Schwankungsquadrat S..- Schwankungsformeln S..- II. Bau der Atome.- 9. Lichtquanten und Energiequanten.- Grenzen der Wellentheorie des Lichts; Photoeffekt S..- Quantentheorie des Photoeffekts S..- Fluoreszenz; Comptoneffekt S..- Die hv-Beziehung S..- 10. Gesetze der Serienspektren; Termsystematik.- Linienserien S..- Serienformeln S..- Spektralterme S..- 11. Das Bohrsche Atommodell.- Feinbau der Atome S..- Grundlagen der Bohrschen Atomtheorie S..- 12. Das Termschema der Atome.- Graphische Darstellung der Energieniveaus S..- Anwendung auf spezielle Beispiele: Natrium S..- Quecksiber- und Neonatom; metastabile Zustände S..- 13. Röntgenstrahlen.- Bremsstrahlen S..- Charakteristische Linienstrahlung S..- 14. Theorie der Hohlraum-Strahlung; kontinuierliches Spektrum.- Bandenspektrum; kontinuierliches Spektrum S..- Hohlraumstrahlung S..- 15. Elementare Stoßvorgänge.- Kritische Spannungen, Ausbeute S..- Ionisierungsausbeute S..- Optische Anregungsfunktion S..- Stöße zweiter Art S..- Anlagerung, Wiedervereinigung S..- Thermische Ionisation von Gasen S..- III. Elektronen im Hochvakuum.- 16. Bewegung freier Ladungsträger in elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern.- Grundgesetze S..- Beschleunigung im elektrischen Feld S..- Ablenkung in elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern S..- Magnetron S..- 17. Massenspektrograph; Braunsches Rohr.- Massenspektrograph S..- Braunsches Rohr, Kathodenstrahloszillograph S..- 18. Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen in der Atmosphäre.- Grundlagen der Dispersionstheorie S..- Absorption und Brechung in der Heavisideschicht S..- 19. Elektronenoptik.- Das Elektronenmikroskop S..- Beziehungen zwischen Mechanik und geometrischer Optik S..- Elektrische und magnetische Linsen S..- 20. Raumladungswirkung von Trägerströmen.- Feldverzerrung durch Raumladungen S..- Raumladung und Trägerstromdichte S..- Raumladungsbegrenzung des Stromes S..- Berücksichtigung der Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Elektronen S..- Raumladungsgesetz für beliebige Elektrodenform; Güte des Vakuums S..- Gitterröhren S..- IV. Elektrizitätsleitung in Gasen.- 21. Bewegung der Träger in Gasen.- Fortschreitungsgeschwindigkeit; Beweglichkeit S..- Bewegungsgesetze der Elektronen S..- Diffusion von Trägern S..- Ambipolare Diffusion S..- 22. Unselbständige Strömung.- Kennzeichen und Einteilung S..- Unipolare Strömung S..- Bipolare Strömung S..- 23. Luftelektrizität.- Potentialgefälle; vertikaler Leitungsstrom S..- Ionisierungsbilanz der Atmosphäre S..- Aufrechterhaltung der negativen Erdladung S..- Ionisation der obersten Teile der Atmosphäre S..- Theorie der Gewitter S..- 24. Das Plasma.- Mechanismus der Vorgänge im Plasma S..- Temperatur der Elektronen S..- Theorie der Sonden S..- 25. Die positive Säule.- Eigenschaften der Säule S..- Diffusionstheorie der Säule S..- Die thermische Säule S..- 26. Der Kathodenfall.- Grundbegriffe S..- Glimmentladungskathoden S..- Theorie des Kathodenfalls S..- Glühkathoden S..- Bogenkathoden S..- 27. Die Lichtemission der Gasentladungen.- Anregung durch Elektronenstoß S..- Stufenprozesse S..- Lichtemission der Säule S..- 28. Ähnlichkeitsgesetze.- Die Ähnlichkeitsgesetze S..- Gültigkeit der Ähnlichkeitsgesetze S..- Anwendungsbeispiele S..- 29. Zünden und Löschen von Entladungen.- Mechanismus der Zündung S..- Theorie der Zündung S..- Entwicklung höherer Entladungsformen S..- Zündung in Glühkathodenröhren S..- Gesteuerte Zündung S..- Löschen von Entladungen S..- V. Elektrizitätsleitung in festen Körpern.- 30. Metallische Leitung; Elektronentheorie der Metalle.- Elementare Elektronentheorie der Metalle S..- Die neue Statistik der Metallelektronen S..- Allgemeine Theorie des metallischen Zustandes S..- 31. Thermischer Elektronenaustritt aus Metallen; Photoeffekt.- Glühkathoden S..- Photoeffekt S..- Schroteffekt, Funkeleffekt, Wärmerauschen S..- 32. Elektronenbefreiung durch starke Felder; Stoßeffekte an Metallflächen.- Autoelektrischer Effekt S..- Stoßeffekte an Metallflächen S..- Elektronenbefreiung durch Stöße S..- Kathodenzerstäubung S..- 33. Aktivierte und sensibilisierte Kathoden.- Einfache Oberflächenschichten S..- Wolfram-Cäsium- und Wolfram-Thorium-Glühkathoden S..- Sensibilisierte Photokathoden S..- Zusammengesetzte Photokathoden S..- 34. Elektrizitätsleitung in Halbleitern.- Elektronen- und Ionenleitung S..- Einfache Modellvorstellungen S..- Die Energiebändermodelle S..- Halbleiterphotoeffekt; Sperrschichten S..- 35. Durchschlag fester Isolatoren.- Beschreibende Übersicht S..- Der Wärmedurchschlag S..- Der elektrische Durchschlag S..- VI. Elektrizitätsleitung in Flüssigkeiten.- 36. Elektrolytische Leitung.- Die Leitfähigkeitsgleichung S..- Theorie der Ionenbeweglichkeit. Starke und schwache Elektrolyte S..- Dissoziation und Massenwirkungsgesetz S..- Elektromotorische Kraft im Konzentrationsgefälle S..- 37. Grenzflächenvorgänge.- Osmotische Theorie der Grenzflächenpotentiale S..- Polarisationseffekte S..- Die Grenzflächendoppelschicht S..- Elektrokapillarität S..- Elektrokinetische Erscheinungen S..- 38. Isolierende Flüssigkeiten.- Leitfähigkeit bei kleinen Feldstärken S..- Anomalien der Stromleitung S..- Leitung in starken Feldern S..- Mechanismus des Durchschiags S..- VII. Dielektrika und Magnetika.- 39. Die Dielektrizitätskonstante.- Die dielektrische Polarisation S..- Molekulare Dipole S..- Molekülstruktur S..- Ergänzungen und Erweiterungen der Theorie S..- 40. Dielektrische Anomalien.- Normale und anomale Vorgänge in Dielektriken S..- Formale Theorie der dielektrischen Anomalien S..- Mechanismus der anomalen Vorgänge S..- 41. Elektrostriktion; Piezoelektrizität; Kerreffekt.- Elektrostriktion S..- Piezoelektrische Kristalle S..- Kerreffekt S..- 42. Diamagnetismus, Paramagnetismus; Ferromagnetismus.- Einleitende Übersicht S..- Theorie des Diamagnetismus S..- Theorie des Paramagnetismus S..- Grundlagen der Theorie des Ferromagnetismus S..- Ausbau der Theorie S..- 43. Gitterbau der Festkörper.- Geometrische Grundbegriffe S..- Die Gitterkräfte S..- Einfachste Anwendungen der idealen Gittertheorie S..- Realkristalle S..

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Table of ContentsSome consequences of unitarity and crossing existence and asymptotic theorems.- Analyticity, unitarity and crossing-symmetry constraints for pion-pion partial wave amplitudes.- New methods in the analysis of ?—N scattering.- Regge-pole phenomenology.- Certain problems of two-body reactions with spin.- Duality and regge theory.- Complex angular momentum.- An introduction to dual resonance models in multiparticle physics.- Physical N-pion functions.- Application of harmonic analysis to inelastic electron-proton scattering.- Small-distance behaviour in field theory.- Physics on the light cone.- Course on padé approximants.

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Book SynopsisThe primary electron-molecule interaction processes of elastic and in­ elastic electron scattering, electron-impact ionization, electron-impact dissociation, and electron attachment are discussed, and state-of-the­ art authoritative data on the cross sections of these processes as well as on rate and transport coefficients are provided.Table of Contents1. Fundamental Electron-Molecule Interactions and their Technological Significance.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Low Energy Electron-Molecule Interaction Processes.- 2.1 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons with Ground-State Molecules.- 2.2 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons With Excited Molecules.- 2.3 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons with Molecules in High Pressure Gases, Liquids, Clusters, and with Molecules at Surfaces.- 2.4 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons With Transient Species (Radicals).- 3 Significance of Electron-Molecule Interactions in Plasma Processing.- 3.1 Low-Temperature, Low-Density, Non-Equilibrium Plasmas.- 3.2 Generation, Use, and Modeling of Low-Pressure Plasmas.- 3.3 Primary and Secondary Reactions.- 4 The Present Work.- 5 References.- 2. Electron-Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase: Cross Sections and Coefficients.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Collision Cross Sections.- 2.1 Cross Sections for Elastic Electron Scattering.- 2.2 Cross Sections for Inelastic Electron Scattering.- 2.3 Partial Cross Sections.- 2.4 Total Electron Scattering Cross Section, ?sc,t (?).- 2.5 Methods of Measurement.- 2.6 Calculations.- 3 Coefficients and Rate Constants.- 3.1 Electron Transport Coefficients.- 3.2 Coefficients for Electron Attachment, and Electron-Impact Ionization and Excitation.- 3.3 Rate Constants.- 3.4 Methods of Measurement.- 4 Boltzmann-Code-Generated Collision Cross-Section Sets.- 5 References.- 3. Synthesis and Assessment of Electron Collision Data.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Synthesis, Assessment, and Recommendation of Data.- 2.1 Determination of the Cross Section for Momentum Transfer, ?m(?) of CF4.- 2.2 Determination of the Total Electron Scattering Cross Section, ?sc,t (?) of CF4 Below 1 eV 117.- 2.3 Determination of the Total Electron Attachment Cross Section, ?a,t (?), of Cl2.- 2.4 Consistency Between the Assessed Cross Sections.- 3 Deduction of Unavailable Data and Understanding from Assessed Data, New Measurements, and Data Needs.- 3.1 Deduction of Unavailable Data.- 3.2 A Better Understanding from Assessed Data.- 3.3 Determination of Data Needs and New Related Measurements and Calculations.- 4 Dissemination and Updating of the Database.- 5 References.- 4. Electron Interactions with CF4, C2F6, AND C3F8.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with CF4.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CF4.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from CF4.- 2.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CF4.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CF4 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to CF4.- 2.6 Electron Transport in CF4.- 2.7 Electron Interactions with CF4 Neutral Fragments.- 2.8 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for CF4.- 3 Electron Interactions with C2F6.- 3.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of C2F6.- 3.2 Electron Scattering from C2F6.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of C2F6.- 3.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of C2F6 into Neutral Fragments.- 3.5 Electron Attachment to C2F6.- 3.6 Electron Transport in C2F6.- 3.7 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for C2F6.- 4 Electron Interactions with C3F8.- 4.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of C3F8.- 4.2 Electron Scattering from C3F8.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of C3F8.- 4.4 Ionization Coefficients for C3F8.- 4.5 Electron-Impact Dissociation of C3F8 Producing Neutrals.- 4.6 Electron Attachment to C3F8.- 4.7 Electron Transport in C3F8.- 4.8 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for C3F8.- 5 References.- 5. Electron Interactions with CHF3, CF3I, AND c-C4F8.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with CHF3.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CHF3.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from CHF3.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CHF3 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to CHF3.- 2.6 Electron Transport Coefficients for CHF3.- 2.7 Electron-Impact Induced Light Emission from CHF3.- 2.8 Electron Interactions with CHF3 Neutral Fragments.- 2.9 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CHF3.- 3 Electron Interactions with CF3I.- 3.1 Electronic Structure and Basic Properties of CF3I.- 3.2 Electron Scattering Cross Sections for CF3I.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CF3I.- 3.4 Electron Attachment to CF3I.- 3.5 Optical Emission from Electron Impact on CF3I.- 3.6 Summary of Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CF3I.- 4 Electron Interactions with c-C4F8.- 4.1 Structural and Electronic Properties of c-C4F8.- 4.2 Electron Scattering Cross Sections for c-C4F8.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of c-C4F8.- 4.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of c-C4F8 into Neutral Fragments.- 4.5 Electron Attachment to c-C4F8.- 4.6 Electron Transport Coefficients for c-C4F8.- 4.7 Ion-Molecule Reactions in c-C4F8.- 4.8 Summary of Suggested and Recommended Cross Sections and Coefficients for c-C4F8.- 5 References.- 6. Electron Interactions with Cl2, CCl2F2, BCl3, AND SF6.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with Cl2.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of Cl2.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from Cl2.- 2.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of Cl2.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of Cl2 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to Cl2.- 2.6 Electron Transport in Cl2.- 2.7 Optical Emission from Cl2 Gas Discharges.- 2.8 Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for Cl2.- 2.9 Electron Collision Data for Cl and Cl+.- 2.10 Electron Detachment, Electron Transfer, and Recombination and Diffusion Processes Involving Cl2.- 2.11 Summary of Data for Other Species and Processes Involving Cl2 Plasmas.- 3 Electron Interactions with CCl2F2.- 3.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CCl2F2.- 3.2 Electron Scattering from CCl2F2.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CCl2F2.- 3.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CCl2F2 into Neutral Fragments.- 3.5 Electron Attachment to CCl2F2.- 3.6 Electron Transport in CCl2F2.- 3.7 Optical Emission Under Electron Impact on CCl2F2.- 3.8 Recommended and Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CCl2F2.- 4 Electron Interactions with BCl3.- 4.1 Structural and Electronic Properties of BCl3.- 4.2 Electron Scattering from BCl3.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of BCl3.- 4.4 Electron Attachment to BCl3.- 4.5 Electron Transport Coefficients for BCl3.- 4.6 Suggested and Needed Data for BCl3.- 5 Electron Interactions with SF6.- 5.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of SF6.- 5.2 Electron Scattering by SF6.- 5.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of SF6.- 5.4 Cross Sections, ?dis,neut (?), for Electron-Impact Dissociation of SF6 into Neutral Fragments.- 5.5 Electron Attachment to SF6.- 5.6 Electron Transport in SF6.- 5.7 Autodetachment, Thermally Induced Detachment, Photo detachment, and Collisional Detachment of SF6?.- 5.8 Ion Transport in SF6.- 5.9 Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for SF6.- 6 References.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, which has its origin in a series of radio broadcasts, Paul Davies interviews eight physicists involved in debating and testing quantum theory, with radically different views of its significance.Trade Review'Paul Davies' summary … is one of the clearest short expositions of quantum theory I have ever read.' New Scientist'For those puzzled by the mystery of Schrödinger's 'dead and alive' cat, or intrigued by the idea of parallel universes, this is a must.' The Good Book Guide'Paul Davies' summary - well worth the price of the book - is one of the clearest short expositions of quantum theory I have ever read. But the best is yet to come. In the interviews we hear physicists defending passionately some very bizarre views of the world … seeing these questions through the eyes of the people who are actually struggling to answer them offers an exciting firsthand glimpse into this fundamental and controversial field of enquiry.' New Scientist'Non-specialists will find this an attractive and thought-provoking book.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsForeword; 1. The strange world of the quantum; 2. Alain Aspect; 3. John Bell; 4. John Wheeler; 5. Rudolf Peierls; 6. David Deutsch; 7. John Taylor; 8. David Bohm; 9. Basil Hiley; Glossary; Further reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom Nuclear Transmutation to Nuclear Fission, 1932-1939 deals with a particular phase in the early history of nuclear physics: the race among four laboratory teams to be the first to achieve the transmutation of atomic nuclei with artificially accelerated nuclear projectiles (protons) in high-voltage discharge tubes. This volume covers the background of the development of particle accelerators in the 1920s, the growth of the laboratories and their teams, the race itself, and its aftermath.The book provides an overview of the history of nuclear physics, from Ernest Rutherford's nuclear atom of 1911 to nuclear fission on the eve of World War II. It focuses on the details of the laboratory race, which was won by the English team in 1932. The volume also covers the reaction of the different laboratories to the discovery of nuclear fission, their wartime roles, and a brief epilogue on the later careers of the principal personalities.Trade Review"Dahl brings an impressive amount of scholarship to his book. He quotes many primary sources: letters, laboratory notebooks, progress reports, and unpublished manuscripts. In addition, the book has a nine page bibliography of journal articles and books. This is the book to read to witness the explosive development phase of modern nuclear physics." -James O'Connell, American Journal of Physics, No. 71 8th Ed., August 2003 "In fourteen chapters Dahl gives us coverage of nuclear physics that stretches in space and time far beyond what the reader might have expected … We are fortunate that Dahl has collected so many facts and sources of information about a truly fascinating period in the development of modern physics. His lively writing and the many surprising turns of the story will help the reader navigate through the abundance of detail. The book should be keenly enjoyed by everyone who likes to view progress in physics as one big (and mostly friendly) competitive team game." -Jean-Francois S. van Huele, History of Physics Newsletter, Vol. IX, No. 1 "Per Dahl has written a valuable and entertaining account … It would be hard to imagine a person better qualified than Per Dahl to write a book on this subject." -Laurie M. Brown "Dahl's account is wonderfully informative about the personalities who probed the nucleus during the 1930s." -Currents, December 2002 "The book is well and clearly written, betraying a desire for popular as well as professional audiences in addition to a talent for weaving together the stories he has to tell here." -Physics World, January 2003 "Dahl offers an interesting account of the early history of experimental nuclear physics research … Dahl very solidly documents the inner workings and motivations within these groups." -U. Greife, CHOICE, February 2003 "The familial firm handclasp between science and engineering informs this highly readable account of technical achievements and human aspirations in the early history and evolution of accelerators and reactors for nuclear physics research. The author admirably conveys the sense of struggle and accomplishment in this field, following from Ernest Rutherford's model of the nuclear atom in 1911 and the early scattering and transmutation investigations by his group … One's attention is gripped throughout and one's appreciation of the Herculean (oftentimes Spartan) efforts of such brilliant innovators in wedding engineering to science is whetted in this engrossing survey, by a perceptive writer for lay and professional readers alike, of a remarkable era in the unfolding history of physics." -E. Sheldon, University of Massachusetts, USA "Anyone with even a moderate interest in how physics developed in the 1920's and 1930's will enjoy the book … an especially interesting theme brought out by Dahl is the importance of Norwegians and other Scandinavians in the development of accelerators and early nuclear physics … Dahl concludes his history with an original and exciting account of the early developments in nuclear fission. It is not easy to weave as much as Dahl has into a coherent whole especially when many of the side stories are as interesting as the main scientific thread. Dahl has effectively organized his work so that the main and tangential stories come through clearly. The history is well worth revisiting and Dahl's summary of it is fresh and engaging." -Guy T. Emery, Physics Today, August 2003Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. List of illustrations. Prologue. The English Stage is Set. American Beginnings. How Many Volts? Protons, Electrons and Gamma Rays. Protons East and West. Giants of Electricity. Difficult years. More Particles, Expected and Unexpected. Runners Up. Deuterium. The Americans Forge Ahead. Fission: Return of Lightfoot. Epilogue. Abbreviations. Notes. Select Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.

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