Astrophysics Books

Book SynopsisAfter the Apollo program put twelve men on the moon and safely brought them home, anything seemed possible. In this spirit, the team at NASA set about developing the Space Shuttle, arguably the most complex piece of machinery ever created. The world's first reusable spacecraft, it launched like a rocket, landed like a glider, and carried out complicated missions in between. Bold They Rise tells the story of the Space Shuttle through the personal experiences of the astronauts, engineers, and scientists who made it happen-in space and on the ground, from the days of research and design through the heroic accomplishments of the program to the tragic last minutes of the Challenger disaster. In the participants' own voices, we learn what so few are privy to: what it was like to create a new form of spacecraft, to risk one's life testing that craft, to float freely in the vacuum of space as a one-man satellite, to witness a friend's death. A guided tour of the shuttle-in historical, scientific, and personal terms-this book provides a fascinating, richly informed, and deeply personal view of a feat without parallel in the human story.Trade Review"This book is a welcome addition to the spectacular Outward Odyssey series and any space enthusiast's collection that does not carry it—is missing something vital. . . . [Bold They Rise] is at times gripping with the thrill found only in the "firsts" involved with anything to do with space exploration . . . a solid read which provides important information regarding NASA's program of record for more than thirty years."—Jason Rhian, spaceflightinsider.com"Bold They Rise is one of those works that will allow the memory of the Space Shuttle to remain alive, conveying the beauty and difficult of flying and working in space."—Davide Sivolella, Florida Historical Quarterly“Although the shuttle program has now run its course, this wonderful book brings back the awe, the inspiration, the promise, and the sadness associated with the early history of those magnificent vehicles and the teams of ground and flight crews that flew them.”—Jerry L. Ross (Col., USAF, Ret.), NASA astronaut, STS-61B, -27, -37, -55, -74, -88, and -110, and author of Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA’s Record-Setting Frequent Flyer"This book is essential reading and perhaps the perfect companion to Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex's recently opened Atlantis exhibit."—Emily Carney, americaspace.com“Read this book to experience the Space Shuttle as it matured. Smith and Hitt tap sources that made this aerospace wonder’s early history. You’ll feel the needs and wants of those involved; the joys and sadness that came with conceiving, building, and flying this vehicle. It’s a trip—I know.”—Charles D. Walker, engineer, corporate executive, first commercial industry astronaut, STS-41D, STS-51D, STS-61B"Space enthusiasts will enjoy this work."—CHOICE“A rich, engaging account of the first years of the Space Shuttle era, Bold They Rise recounts the development and pioneering missions of a truly magnificent flying machine that helped open the door to space for scientists such as myself.”—Donald A. Thomas, NASA astronaut, STS-65, STS-70, STS-83, and STS-94Table of ContentsList of IllustrationsForewordPrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Feeling of Flying2. In the Beginning3. TFNG4. Getting Ready to Fly5. First Flight6. The Demonstration Flights7. Open for Business8. The Next Steps9. Science on the Shuttle10. Secret Missions11. People and Payloads12. The Golden Age13. To Touch the Face of GodSourcesIndex

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Book Synopsis With the Soviet Union’s launch of the first Sputnik satellite in 1957, the Cold War soared to new heights as Americans feared losing the race into space. The X-15 Rocket Plane tells the enthralling yet little-known story of the hypersonic X-15, the winged rocket ship that met this challenge and opened the way into human-controlled spaceflight. Drawing on interviews with those who were there, Michelle Evans captures the drama and excitement of, yes, rocket science: how to handle the heat generated at speeds up to Mach 7, how to make a rocket propulsion system that could throttle, and how to safely reenter the atmosphere from space and make a precision landing. This book puts a human face on the feats of science and engineering that went into the X-15 program, many of them critical to the development of the Space Shuttle. And, finally, it introduces us to the largely unsung pilots of the X-15. By the time of the Apollo 11 moon landing, thirty-one ATrade Review"[The X-15 Rocket Plane is] a cogently written and well-deserved tribute to the individuals who helped take a winged rocket beyond Earth's confining atmosphere."—John Carver Edwards, Book Verdict "Engle and Armstrong devotees won’t be disappointed with the stories about their heroes in this tome."—American Space"The X-15 Rocket Plane is an engaging account of America's push into space before pilots became astronauts, and America began a new era of exploration beyond the Earth to the Moon."—Anthony Young, Space Review"The importance of the X-15 on the early exploration of space and the subsequent development of the Shuttle program cannot be overstated."—Book Bit, WTBF-AM/FM"This is a remarkably fine work, one that, despite all the writings on the X-15 to date, has found its own authentic voice."—Richard P. Hallion, Quest"The social element in this splendid book adds much to the overall history of this remarkably successful research aircraft."—Mick Jeffries, Aerospace"[The X-15 Rocket Plane] is a serious and substantial work of history . . . it deserves a wide readership among space enthusiasts and professional historians alike."—A. Bowdoin Van Riper, The Historian"Michelle Evans has written the definitive book on the X-15, the men who flew her, and the managers and support people who kept her flying."—Allen G. Taylor, National Space Society“Long before the space shuttle, the United States was flying astronauts with the courage of lions into space aboard wings of steel. This is the story of the astonishing X-15, America’s first space plane, which broke records nearly every time it flew. It is a magnificent tale, well told in this meticulously researched book. Everyone with an interest in aviation, space, or high-flying adventure should read it.”—Homer Hickam, author of Rocket Boys“This book gives a fascinating and superbly detailed look into X-15 technology and the dedicated people who first took a winged craft beyond the atmosphere. Along the way it teaches valuable and pertinent lessons for those of us in the private space sector now working to build on that phenomenal legacy.”—Col. Rick Searfoss, U.S. Air Force (Ret.), former space shuttle commander and pilotTable of ContentsList of IllustrationsForewordAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. The Whole Nine Yards2. A Record High3. Gaining Speed4. Naval Engagement5. Changing Course6. Straight and Steady7. Skipping Out8. On a Roll9. Inconel Meets Celluloid10. Fastest Man Alive11. Chasing Experiments12. In the Line of Duty13. Snow at EdwardsAfterwordGlossarySourcesIndex

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Book SynopsisAn engaging critique of the science and metaphysics behind our understanding of the universe The James Webb Space Telescope, when launched in 2021, will be the premier orbital observatory, capable of studying every phase of the history of the universe, from the afterglow of the Big Bang to the formation of our solar system. Examining the theoretical basis for key experiments that have made this latest venture in astrophysics possible, Bjørn Ekeberg reveals that scientific cosmology actually operates in a twilight zone between the physical and metaphysical. Metaphysical Experiments explains how our current framework for understanding the universe, the Big Bang theory, is more determined by a deep faith in mathematical universality than empirical observation. Ekeberg draws on philosophical insights by Spinoza, Bergson, Heidegger, and Arendt; on the critical perspectives of Latour, Stengers, and Serres; and on cutting-edge physics research at the Large Hadron Collider, to show how the universe of modern physics was invented to reconcile a Christian metaphysical premise with a claim to the theoretical unification of nature.By focusing on the nonmathematical assumptions underlying some of the most significant events in modern science, Metaphysical Experiments offers a critical history of contemporary physics that demystifies such concepts as the universe, particles, singularity, gravity, blackbody radiation, the speed of light, wave/particle duality, natural constants, black holes, dark matter, and dark energy. Ekeberg’s incisive reading of the metaphysical underpinnings of scientific cosmology offers an innovative account of how we understand our place in the universe.Trade Review"In this provocative and sharply written account, Bjørn Ekeberg makes a radical case for the social construction of physics and its truths, urging that the mathematical unification of physical phenomena is not only physics’ goal but also a deeply metaphysical requirement for its progress—progress put into doubt, not to say crisis, by the emergence of mathematical theories (such as multiverse or string theory) that seem ‘untestable in any empirical sense and probably remain beyond the horizon of experimental physics.’"—Brian Rotman, author of Becoming Beside Ourselves: The Alphabet, Ghosts, and Distributed Human Being "What if the basis of contemporary cosmology were false? This stirring question launches Bjørn Ekeberg on a lucid exploration of modern scientific history, leading to the recent marriage of cosmology with experimental particle physics. Well-informed in contemporary philosophy, Ekeberg provides a unique synthesis that will be of interest to philosophers of science and contemplative scientists alike."—Graham Harman, Southern California Institute of Architecture "This erudite, idiosyncratic book more than earns a place on the library shelf." —CHOICETable of ContentsContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: A Cosmic World-Object1. The Metaphysics Experiment: From Particle Collider to the Cosmos2. God, That Is, Nature: The Invention of the Universe3. Probability and Proliferation: The Invention of the Particle4. Big Bang Metaphysics: The Universe of Modern CosmologyConclusion: A Question of RelevanceNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on the lectures given at the “Euroschool on Exotic Beams” and collects contributions which address topics from the traditional core of the field of exotic nuclei like nuclear structure far from stability, discussing recent theoretical developments and state-of-the-art experimental methods. It provides also new perspectives in nuclear astrophysics and in applied areas such as gamma-ray emission imaging. The contributions are written with a pedagogical approach and carefully edited in order to provide the readership with a clear and fluent reading. The book is intended for PhD students and young researchers who are approaching the new research lines in nuclear physics with exotic nuclei. Only basics concepts on quantum mechanics and nuclear physics are requested to follow and master the covered arguments.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Nuclear structure at the limits of stability. The theory view.Authors: Frederic Nowacki and Alfredo Poves Introduction The Shell Model as Unified View of Nuclear Structure; A primer Shell Evolution and Correlations N=40: from 68Ni to 80Zr N=50: from 78Ni to 100Sn Islands of inversion and their mergings Conclusions Chapter 2: Low-energy Coulomb excitation and nuclear deformation Author: Magda ZielinskaAbstract: Coulomb excitation is one of the rare methods available to obtain information on static electromagnetic moments of short-lived exited nuclear states. In the scattering of two nuclei, the electromagnetic field that acts between them causes their excitation. The process selectively populates low-lying collective states and is therefore ideally suited to study nuclear collectivity. While these experiments used to be restricted to stable isotopes, the advent of new facilities, providing intense beams of short-lived radioactive species has opened the possibility to apply this powerful technique to a much wider range of nuclei. In this chapter, we will discuss observables that can be measured in a Coulomb-excitation experiment, and their relation to nuclear structure parameters and, in particular, nuclear shape. Selected examples of recent low-energy Coulomb excitation studies will be presented to illustrate the potential of this technique to investigate phenomena such as shape coexistence and octupole collectivity.Introduction Semiclassical approximation of low-energy Coulomb excitation Nuclear deformation and quadrupole sum rules Reorientation effect Relative signs of electromagnetic matrix elements Experimental considerations Beam and target requirements Particle detectors for stable and radioactive beam experiments Normalization of experimental Coulomb-excitation cross sections Recent results Shape coexistence Octupole collectivity Summary and outlookChapter 3: Ab Initio Approaches to Nuclear Structure Author: Robert Roth Abstract: I will present an overview of modern ab initio approaches to nuclear structure, focusing on basis expansion methods, such as the no-core shell model. Starting from interactions derived within chiral effective field theory, the individual stages on an ab initio calculation will be discussed, starting from a pre-processing stage based on the similarity renormalization group, followed by the solution of the many-body Schrödinger equation in a finite model space, and completed by a post-processing stage including the quantification of theory uncertainties using Bayesian methods. I will put particular emphasis on the recent advances in the context of hybrid methods that use another many-body scheme, such as many-body perturbation theory or the in-medium similarity renormalization group to accelerate the convergence of the no-core shell model. In order to demonstrate the potential and the perspectives of such ab initio approaches, I will highlight several recent applications. Introduction Nuclear Hamiltonian Pre-Processing: Similarity Renormalization Group Many-Body Solution: No-Core Shell Model Hybrid Methods: In-Medium No-Core Shell Model Post-Processing: Theory Uncertainties Recent Applications Conclusion & Outlook Chapter 4: Nuclear data and experiments for astrophysics Authors: Stephan Goriely and Anu Kankainen Abstract: Nuclear astrophysics aims to understand the origin of elements and the role of astrophysical processes in astrophysical events. Nuclear reactions and reaction rates depend strongly on nuclear properties and on the astrophysical environment. Nuclear inputs for stellar reaction rates involve a variety of nuclear properties, theoretical models and experimental data. Experiments providing data for nuclear astrophysics range from stable ion beam direct measurements to radioactive beam experiments employing inverse kinematics or indirect methods. Many properties relevant for astrophysical calculations, such as nuclear masses and beta decays, have also been intensively studied. This contribution shortly introduces selected astrophysical processes, discusses the related nuclear data needs and gives examples of recent experimental efforts in the field. Introduction: Origin of elements and astrophysical processes Nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest Data needed for various nucleosynthesis processes Experiments for nuclear astrophysics Nuclear reactions Nuclear properties (focus on masses and beta-decay studies) Summary and Outlook Chapter 5: State-of-the-art gamma-ray spectrometers for in-beam measurements Authors: Caterina Michelagnoli and Francesco Recchia Abstract: The nuclear structure of nuclei in different regions of the nuclear chart is a still unresolved puzzle for nuclear theory. The quest for a comprehensive understanding of the structure of all nuclei as well as for precise observables important for nuclear astrophysics needs precise observables. Those have been obtained in the last decades by using the resolution and efficiency of arrays of HPGe detectors. In those Notes a review of the main spectroscopy techniques will be reported. After an historical overview of the main spectrometers that contributed to our nowadays knowledge in nuclear structure, the principles of advanced gamma-ray tracking will be described. The setup and functioning of array based on this technique will be thus reported and some first results introduced.Introduction Generalities History Advanced gamma-ray tracking General Idea Digital signal processing Count-rate capabilities Position resolution and pulse shape analysis Gamma-ray tracking Selected highlights from instrumental point of view Doppler correction capabilities Lifetime measurements with Doppler techniques Chapter 6: Nuclear structure studies with active targets Author: Riccardo Raabe Abstract: The use of gaseous detectors in nuclear structure studies presents several challenges and interesting opportunities. In the last twenty years, active targets have been developed to address those challenges. In this paper we will review the characteristics of these instruments and how they can be used to great effect in a wide range of physics cases. Introduction Principles of active targets Physics cases and examples Chapter 7: Gamma ray emission imaging in the medical and nuclear safeguards fieldsAuthor: Peter Dendooven Abstract: Gamma rays can penetrate through a substantial amount of material. Therefore, the locations within an object from where gamma rays originate can be imaged by measuring the gamma rays escaping from the object. This technique of gamma ray emission imaging is introduced on the basis of its application in three different fields: nuclear medicine, particle beam radiotherapy and nuclear safeguards. To set the stage, the role and power of gamma ray emission imaging in these fields is demonstrated. Next, the principles of gamma ray emission imaging are reviewed. It will become clear how the basic principles lead to the essential instrument design considerations. Iterative image reconstruction will be explained in a non-mathematical way. Implementation of gamma ray emission imaging will be illustrated by discussing in some detail its state-of-the-art application in the three fields considered here.Applications of gamma ray emission imaging Nuclear medicine Particle beam radiotherapy Nuclear safeguards Principles of gamma ray emission imaging Basic principles Essential instrument design considerations Iterative image reconstruction Examples of gamma ray emission imaging Nuclear medicine Particle beam radiotherapy Nuclear safeguards Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThere is a huge gulf between the real physics of space travel and the way it is commonly portrayed in movies and TV shows. That’s not because space physics is difficult or obscure – most of the details were understood by the end of the 18th century – but because it can often be bafflingly counter-intuitive for a general audience. The purpose of this book isn’t to criticize or debunk popular sci-fi depictions, which can be very entertaining, but to focus on how space physics really works. This is done with the aid of numerous practical illustrations taken from the works of serious science fiction authors – from Jules Verne and Arthur C. Clarke to Larry Niven and Andy Weir – who have taken positive pleasure in getting their scientific facts right.Trade Review“This slim book has the appealing premise of looking at the basics of space physics, from gravity through rocket science to the nature of a vacuum, by using examples from 'well-constructed science fiction'. ... a great read both for those who enjoy science fiction (or want to write it) and those wanting to know a little more of the realities of potential life in space.” (Popular Science, popsciencebooks.blogspot.com, July 24, 2023)Table of ContentsChapter 1: Physics in Science Fiction Chapter 2: Gravity Chapter 3: Orbital DynamicsChapter 4: Rocket Science Chapter 5: Living in a Vacuum

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, cosmic rays have become the protagonists of a new scientific revolution. We are able today to film the Universe with telescopes of completely novel conception, recording information from many different messengers and accessing previously unknown cosmic regions.Written by a recognized authority in physics, this book takes readers on a captivating journey through the world of cosmic rays, their role in the revolutionary field of multi-messenger astronomy, their production from powerful accelerators close to the surfaces of black holes and compact objects, reaching the highest levels of energy observed in nature, and the implications this has for our understanding of the Universe. Through the stories of pioneering scientists, explorations of cutting-edge technologies, and simple explanations related to particle physics, quantum mechanics, and astrophysics, the book provides an illuminating state-of-the-art introduction to the current state of high-energy astrophysics. The book was written in straightforward yet rigorous language, so as to be accessible to the greater public. For those curious about the cosmos and cosmic gamma rays, nuclei, neutrinos, and gravitational waves, from casual observers to professional astronomers and physicists, the book is a must-read, offering a thrilling adventure into the future of astronomy and particle physics.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 The Largest Energies in the Universe 1.1 The Universe around us 1.2 Particles and fields 1.3 Cosmic rays 2 The Mystery of Cosmic Rays 2.1 The discovery of natural radioactivity 2.2 Is natural radioactivity of extraterrestrial origin? 2.3 Father Wulf, a true experimental physicist 2.4 Pacini’s attenuation measures in water 2.5 Hess and balloon measurements 2.6 First developments and the tragedy of the first world war 3 Cosmic-Ray Research after the First World War 3.1 Research in Europe and the Pacini-Hess controversy 3.2 Research in the United States 3.3 Are cosmic rays predominantly charged or neutral? 3.4 Bruno Rossi and the discoveries after 1930 3.5 At the origins of elementary particle physics 3.6 The recognition of the scientific community 3.7 Hypothesis on the origin of cosmic rays: Tesla, Zwicky, Fermi 4 Cosmic Rays and the Physics of Elementary Particles 4.1 Leptons and mesons 4.2 The neutral pion 4.3 The discovery of strangeness 4.4 Laboratories on the mountains 4.5 Hunters become shepherds: particle accelerators 5 Fire Under the Ashes: the Discoveries at the End of the 20th Century and at the Beginning of the 21st Century 5.1 Cosmic rays of very-high-energy 5.2 Anomalous events 5.3 X-rays 5.4 Neutrinos from the Sun and the cosmos 6 Cosmic Ray Research Today: Multi-Messenger Astrophysics and the New Astronomy 6.1 Very-high-energy cosmic rays 6.2 Search for antimatter 6.3 Gamma rays 6.4 Cosmic neutrinos 6.5 Gravitational waves 6.6 Multi-messenger astronomy 7 Cosmic Rays and Climate 7.1 Cosmic rays and thunderstorms 7.2 Variations in the flux of cosmic rays 7.3 A correlation between cosmic rays and earthquakes? 8 Cosmic Rays and Life 8.1 Ionization and chemistry of the atmosphere 8.2 The Miller-Urey experiment 8.3 Biological effects of cosmic rays 8.4 Implications on evolution 9 Cosmic Rays and the Exploration of the Universe 10 Cosmic Rays and Archaeology 10.1 Dating techniques 10.2 Muon tomography 11 The Future

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Book SynopsisBlack Hole Accretion is all about Sub-Keplerian Flows.- Radiative Acceleration of Relativistic Jets from Accretion Disks around Black Holes.- Noisy Accretion Flows.- Bondi Flow from Various Perspectives.- Dissipative Shocks in Accretion Flows: A Theoretical Forecast of the Spectral State Transitions in Black Hole X-ray Binaries.- Extreme Magnetic Fields around Black Holes.- Study of Accretion Disks around Black Holes with Two Types of Gas Inflows.- Universality of Coronal Properties in Accreting Black Holes.- Mode of Accretion and Jet Power in Episodic AGN Jets.- Can Morphological Dichotomy in Radio Galaxies be resolved through Galactic Potential−Induced Shocks.- Mean Field Dynamo: Beyond MHD.- General Relativistic Hydrodynamic Simulations around Accreting Black Holes.- Towards a Theory of Hydromagnetic Turbulence with Higher Order Fluid Moments.- Accretion Disk-Outflow/Jet and Hard State ULXs.- Magnetically Arrested Advective Accretion Flows and Jets/Outflows around Stellar Mass Black Holes: Explaining Hard State ULXs with GRMHD Simulations.- X-ray Observations of Black Hole Sources.- Light Curves and HID Signatures of Recurrent Black Hole X-ray Binary Sources.- QPOs in Compact Sources as a Non-Linear Hydrodynamical Resonance: Determining Spin of Compact Objects.- Estimation of Spin Parameters of Stellar Mass Black Holes: LMC X-1, LMC X-3 and GX 339-4.- Decoding the Deterministic Nature of Black Hole IGR J17091–3624.- Recent Observational and Theoretical Progress in the Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts.- Multi-Temperature Blackbody Emission in GRB 170409A. Ten Years of Searching for Relics of AGN Jet Feedback through RAD@home Citizen Science.- UV Star Formation Properties of NGC 1097.- Simultaneous Optical to X-ray Spectra of OJ 287 and X-ray Spectral Changes.- On the Origin of Merging Compact Object Binaries.- Observational Imprints of Accretion Disk on Observed GravitationalWave Data from LISA.- Can we Detect Super-Chandrasekhar White Dwarfs via Continuous Gravitational Waves.- Was it Really a Kerr Black Hole that EHT Imaged in 2019.- Exploring Magnetic Field Limits in Anisotropic Neutron Starsthrough GW190814 Tidal Deformability.- Observational Mass-Radius Relation for Magnetized White Dwarfs.- Simulating Super-Chandrasekhar White Dwarfs.- Ultralight Dark Matter - A Novel proposal.- The Origin of Cosmic Rays: An Enduring Mystery in Physics.- A Glitch in Gravity: Cosmic Lorentz-Violation from Fiery Big Bang to Glacial Heat Death.- Inference of Hubble Constant using Standard Sirens and Reconstructed Matter Density Field.- Novel Understanding of Cosmological Phenomena using Fast Radio Bursts.- Cosmic Phase Transitions in a Supercomputer.- Quantum Correlations in Neutrino and Neutral Meson Oscillations.- Influence of Gravity on the Quantum Speed Limit in Neutrino Oscillations.- Increasing Quantum Speed Limit of Relativistic Electron via Non-Uniform Magnetic Field.- Affine Connection and Quantum Theory.- Holographic Approach to Anomalous Transport in a Massive ??(1)Gauge Theory.- Holographic Fermions in Nonlinear Arcsin Electrodynamics.- A Covariant Approach to the Berry Phase Arising due to Einstein Gravity.- Black Hole Thermodynamics in Modified Gravity.- Faster Rate of Hawking Radiation in Modified Gravity Constraining Dark Matter.- Deciphering Interstellar Ice Morphology: Atomistic Simulations Reveal the Complex Behavior of Ethanethiol.- Representation of Continuum Equations in Physical Components for Arbitrary Curved Surfaces Appearing in Biophysical Modeling.- Black Holes, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, related Fluid Mechanics and Nuclear Astrophysics: My Research Journey from 1997 to.

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Book SynopsisIn this "SpringerBrief" the author considers the underlying problems and questions that are common to numerical models of turbulence in different astrophysical systems. Turbulence has emerged as an important research topic in several areas of astrophysics. Understanding and modeling turbulence is particularly important for the dynamics of the interstellar medium, but also for the intergalactic medium, as well as in stars. The advancement of methods for numerical simulations of astrophysical turbulence, however, is still challenging because of gravity, strong compressibility, magnetic fields, and other effects.The book begins with a review of general aspects of numerical simulations of turbulence. In the main part the author presents findings from his numerical studies on astrophysical turbulence and discusses the astrophysical implications. He also explains in detail the numerical schemes utilized.Readers will find that this book offers a compact yet comprehensive introduction.Trade Review“This book provides an interesting and well-written account on an area witnessing encouraging progress.” (H. Muthsam, Monatshefte für Mathematik, 2016)“The primary focus of this book is on the numerical methods and their application in studying the fundamental statistical properties of compressible hydrodynamic turbulence. … The book can be a useful survey and reference source for researchers in the field. Also, it can be a good point of introduction for someone wanting to develop a research capability in this area.” (Stephen Wollman, zbMATH 1317.85004, 2015)Table of ContentsTurbulence theory.- Simulation techniques.- Phenomenology and statistics.- Complex processes.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume set that deal with the entire Milky Way. This first volume looks at what can be seen predominantly from the Northern Skies. In addition to the descriptive text, there are many star charts and maps, as well as the latest up-to-date images made by observatories around the world and in space, as well as images taken by amateur astronomers.Trade Review“This updated edition … of Astronomy of the Milky Way is intended as a guide for amateur optical astronomers seeking interesting objects to investigate with their telescopes. … The book is recommended for amateur stargazers. … Summing Up: Recommended. General readers.” (D. E. Hogg, Choice, Vol. 55 (4), December, 2017)Table of Contents2nd Edition Preface.- 1st Edition Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Author's Note.- Chapter 1 The Milky Way.- Chapter 2 The Milky Way: July - August.- Chapter 3 The Milky Way: September - October.- Chapter 4 The Milky Way: November - December.- Appendices. Index of Objects.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Einführung.- 2 Die beobachteten Eigenschaften der Sterne.- 3 Die Gleichungen des Sternaufbaus.- 4 Die Physik des Sterninneren.- 5 Der Aufbau von Hauptreihensternen.- 6 Die frühe Hauptreihen-Entwicklung und das Alter von Sternhaufen.- 7 Die fortgeschrittenen Entwicklungsphasen.- 8 Die Endstadien der Sternentwicklung: Weiße Zwerge, Neutronensterne und Gravitationskollaps.- 9 Schlußfolgerungen und mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen.- Ergänzungen anläßlich des vierten Nachdrucks der Originalausgabe.- Anhang Thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht.- Weiterführende Literatur.- Sachwortverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Himmelskarten.- Die Auswahl der richtigen Himmelskarte.- Wie man die Himmelskarte benutzt.- Die Helligkeit der Sterne.- Die scheinbare Bewegung der Fixsterne.- Der Sternenhimmel in verschiedenen geographischen Breiten.- Kartenteil.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 90° und + 60°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 60° und + 30°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 30° und 0°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen 0° und - 30°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen - 30° und - 60°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen - 60° und - 90°.- 2 Himmelskörper.- Fixsterne und Planeten.- Kometen.- Sternschnuppen.- Größe des Sonnensystems.- Unsere Galaxie.- Veränderliche Sterne.- Planetarische Nebel.- Doppelsterne.- Sternhaufen.- Die Größe unserer Galaxie 89 Die anderen Galaxien.- 3 Die Sternbilder.- Kartenteil.- Achterschiff.- Adler.- Altar.- Andromeda.- Bärenhüter.- Becher.- Bildhauerwerkstatt.- Cepheus.- Chamäleon.- Chemischer Ofen.- Delphin.- Drache.- Dreieck.- Eidechse.- Einhorn.- Fernrohr.- Fische.- Fliege.- Fliegender Fisch.- Fluß Eridanus.- Fuchs.- Fuhrmann.- Füllen.- Giraffe.- Goldfisch.- Grabstichel.- Großer Bär.- Großer Hund.- Haar der Berenike.- Hase.- Herkules.- Inder.- Jagdhunde.- Jungfrau.- Kassiopeia.- Kiel des Schiffes.- Kleiner Bär.- Kleiner Hund.- Kleiner Löwe.- Kranich.- Krebs.- Kreuz.- Leier.- Löwe.- Luchs.- Luftpumpe.- Malerstaffelei.- Mikroskop.- Netz.- Nördliche Krone.- Nördliche Wasserschlange.- Oktant.- Orion.- Paradiesvogel.- Pegasus.- Pendeluhr.- Perseus.- Pfau.- Pfeil.- Phönix.- Rabe.- Schiffskompaß.- Schlange.- Schlangenträger.- Schütze.- Schwan.- Segel des Schiffes.- Sextant.- Skorpion.- Sobieskischer Schild.- Steinbock.- Stier.- Südliches Dreieck.- Südlicher Fisch.- Südliche Krone.- Südliche Wasserschlange.- Tafelberg.- Taube.- Tukan.- Waage.- Walfisch.- Wassermann.- Widder.- Winkelmaß.- Wolf.- Zentaur.- Zirkel.- Zwillinge.- Verzeichnisse und Zusammenstellungen.- Verzeichnis der Sternbildnamen.- Verzeichnis der Sternbilder.- Doppelsterne und Mehrfachsysteme.- Veränderliche Sterne.- Offene Sternhaufen, Kugelsternhaufen, Nebel, Galaxien.- Meteorströme.- Schrifttum und Quellen.- Register.- Gesamtregister.- Register der Sternbildnamen.- Register der Sternennamen und der besonderen.- Objekte.

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Book SynopsisThis modern presentation guides readers through the theory and practice of satellite orbit prediction and determination. Starting from the basic principles of orbital mechanics, it covers elaborate force models as well as precise methods of satellite tracking. The accompanying CD-ROM includes source code in C++ and relevant data files for applications. The result is a powerful and unique spaceflight dynamics library, which allows users to easily create software extensions. An extensive collection of frequently updated Internet resources is provided through WWW hyperlinks.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Not many books on the topic of satellite orbits over the past decades have been informative, comprehensive and practical. I am happy to say that this publication does fall into that category. [...] This book should certainly be in the library of students and scientists working in the fields of navigation, geodesy, and spaceflight technology, as well as satellite engineers and operators focusing on spaceflight dynamics." (The Observatory, 2001) "Satellite Orbits: Models, Methods, and Application would be a valuable addition to the library of any engineer or scientist interested in the practical aspects of orbit prediction and determination. [...] The comprehensive reference list along with the CD supplied codes make this book unique in this area." (Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2002)Table of ContentsAround the World in a Hundred Minutes.- Introductory Astrodynamics.- Force Model.- Numerical Integration.- Time and Reference Systems.- Satellite Tracking and Observation Models.- Linearization.- Orbit Determination and Parameter Estimation.- Applications.

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Book SynopsisAccretion flows, winds and jets of compact astrophysical objects and stars are generally described within the framework of hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows. Analytical analysis of the problem provides profound physical insights, which are essential for interpreting and understanding the results of numerical simulations. Providing such a physical understanding of MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects is the main goal of this book, which is an updated translation of a successful Russian graduate textbook. The book provides the first detailed introduction into the method of the Grad-Shafranov equation, describing analytically the very broad class of hydrodynamical and MHD flows. It starts with the classical examples of hydrodynamical accretion onto relativistic and nonrelativistic objects. The force-free limit of the Grad-Shafranov equation allows us to analyze in detail the physics of the magnetospheres of radio pulsars and black holes, including the Blandford-Znajek process of energy extraction from a rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field. Finally, on the basis of the full MHD version of the Grad-Shafranov equation the author discusses the problems of jet collimation and particle acceleration in Active Galactic Nuclei, radio pulsars, and Young Stellar Objects. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations demonstrates their good agreement. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the basic physical and mathematical concepts of General Relativity, the author uses the 3+1 split approach which allows the formulation of all results in terms of physically clear language of three dimensional vectors. The book contains detailed derivations of equations, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography. It therefore serves as both an introductory text for graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “The volume primarily addresses the Grad-Shafranov approach to describe axisymmetric stationary flows around astrophysical objects, including ones where General Relativity is important. … Each chapter has an abstract and an introduction to the kinds of sources to which its equations apply. … the astrophysics-group … able to make more use of it than I can.” (Viginia Trimble, The Observatory, Vol. 130 (1214), June, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface.............................................................. 5 Introduction......................................................... 9 Chapter 1 Hydrodynamic limit - classical problems of accretion and ejection.... 13 1.1 Astrophysical introduction - accretion onto compact objects.... 13 1 1 1 Accretion disks........................................... 14 1.1.2 Standard model............................................ 17 1.1.3 ADAF, ADIOS, etc.......................................... 20 1.2 Basic properties of transonic hydrodynamical flows............. 22 1.2.1 Basic equations........................................... 22 1.2.2 Spherically symmetric flow................................ 24 1.2.3 Plane potential flow...................................... 27 1.3 Axisymmetric stationary flows - nonrelativistic case........... 34 1.3.1 Basic equations........................................... 34 1.3.2 Mathematical interlude - covariant language............... 35 1.3.3 Structure of the two-dimensional flow..................... 37 1.3.4 Bondi-Hoyle accretion..................................... 45 1.3.5 Ejection from slowly rotating star........................ 49 1.4 Axisymmetric stationary accretion onto black hole.............. 57 1.4.1 Physical interlude - (3+1)-split in the Kerr metric....... 57 1.4.2 Basic equations........................................... 61 1.4.3 Exact solutions........................................... 65 1.4.4 Bondi-Hoyle accretion - relativistic limit................ 67 1.4.5 Accretion onto slowly rotating black hole................. 70 1.4.6 Accretion of a gas with small angular momentum onto nonrotating black hole......... 71 1.4.7 Thin transonic disk....................................... 77 1.5 Conclusion..................................................... 87 1 Chapter 2 Force-free limit - radio pulsar magnetosphere........................ 89 2.1 Astrophysical introduction..................................... 89 2.2 Main physical processes........................................ 92 2.2.1 Vacuum approximation...................................... 92 2.2.2 Particle creation in a strong magnetic field.............. 96 2.2.3 Structure of the magnetosphere............................ 99 2.3 Generation of secondary plasma.................................104 2.3.1 'Internal gap'............................................104 2.3.2 Neutron star surface......................................109 2.3.3 Propagation of gamma-quanta in superstrong magnetic field......................110 2.3.4 Effects of the general relativity.........................111 2.3.5 Particle generation in the magnetosphere................. 113 2.3.6 'Hollow cone' model...................................... 114 2.3.7 Particle generation - 'external gap'..................... 119 2.4 Pulsar equation............................................... 119 2.4.1 Force-free approximation. Magnetization parameter........ 119 2.4.2 Electromagnetic field. Integrals of motion............... 121 2.4.3 Grad-Shafranov equation.................................. 124 2.4.4 Mathematical interlude - quasi stationary approach....... 127 2.5 Energy loss of radio pulsars.................................. 130 2.5.1 Current loss mechanism................................... 130 2.5.2 Braking of inclined and orthogonal rotator............... 133 2.6 Structure of the magnetosphere................................ 141 2.6.1 Exact solutions.......................................... 141 2.6.2 Structure of the magnetosphere with longitudinal currents 158 2.6.3 Models of th

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding star formation is one of the key fields in present-day astrophysics. This book treats a wide variety of the physical processes involved, as well as the main observational discoveries, with key points being discussed in detail. The current star formation in our galaxy is emphasized, because the most detailed observations are available for this case. The book presents a comparison of the various scenarios for star formation, discusses the basic physics underlying each one, and follows in detail the history of a star from its initial state in the interstellar gas to its becoming a condensed object in equilibrium. Both theoretical and observational evidence to support the validity of the general evolutionary path are presented, and methods for comparing the two are emphasized. The author is a recognized expert in calculations of the evolution of protostars, the structure and evolution of disks, and stellar evolution in general. This book will be of value to graduate students in astronomy and astrophysics as well as to active researchers in the field.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is an absolutely superb book, from the beginning of the preface, where the author provides a basic definition of star formation, to the last section where he reminds us that ‘efficiency’ of star formation can mean at least three different things, with three different numerical value … . The book concentrates on the interpretation of observations in star-forming regions relatively nearby, in our own Galaxy, at the present time, where the most detailed and accurate results can be obtained.” (Virginia Trimble, The Observatory, Vol. 132 (1226), February, 2012)Table of ContentsOverview.- Molecular Clouds and the Onset of Star Formation.- Protostar Collapse.- Rotating Protostars and Accretion Disks.- Massive Star Formation.- Formation of Binary Systems.- The Formation of the First Stars.- Pre-main-sequence Evolution.- Summary: Issues in Galactic Star Formation.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIn the past two decades a succession of direct observations by satellites, and of extensive computer simulations, has led to the realization that the polar ionosphere plays a principal role in large-scale magnetospheric processes - a manifestation of the physics linkage involved in solar-terrestrial interactions. Spatial/temporal variations in high-latitude electromagnetic phenomena, such as dynamic aurorae, electric fields and currents, have proved to be extremely complex. Now the challenge is to comprehend the vast amount of complicated measurements made in this magnetosphere-ionosphere sysstem of the Earth. This book addresses the electrical coupling between the hot, but dilute, magnetospheric plasma and the cold, but dense, plasma in the ionosphere. In five major chapters, this book presents: - basic properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - morphology of electric fields and currents at high latitudes; - global modeling of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - modeling of ionospheric electrodynamics; - current issues, such as auroral particle acceleration, substorms, penetration of high-latitude fields into low latitudes.Table of Contents1 Implications of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.1 Solar Wind, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere.- 1.1.1 Entry of Energy into the Magnetosphere.- 1.1.2 Dissipation of Energy in Substorms.- 1.2 Basic Properties of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.2.1 Global and Local Coupling Processes.- 1.2.2 Plasma Convection.- 1.2.3 Theoretical Approach.- 2 Morphology of Electric Fields and Currents at High Latitudes.- 2.1 Large-Scale Current Systems.- 2.1.1 Convection Electrojets.- 2.1.2 Substorm Current Wedge.- 2.1.3 Polar Cap and Cusp Currents.- 2.1.4 Eastward Current in the Dawn Sector.- 2.1.5 Current Closure in the Magnetosphere.- 2.1.6 Charge Carriers of Field-Aligned Currents.- 2.2 Electric Field and Currents Associated with Auroral Forms.- 2.2.1 Auroral Arcs.- 2.2.2 Westward Traveling Surges.- 2.2.3 Auroral Omega Bands.- 2.2.4 Pulsating Auroral Patches.- 3 Global Modeling of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 3.1 Basic Concepts.- 3.2 Simulation of Magnetospheric Convection.- 3.2.1 Global Convection Model.- 3.2.2 Plasma Transport Model.- 3.3 Reproduction of Observed Features.- 3.4 Coupling Models with Specific Physical Aspects.- 4 Modeling of Ionospheric Electrodynamics.- 4.1 Ionospheric Parameters Controlled by Field-Aligned Currents.- 4.1.1 Basic Algorithm.- 4.1.2 Quiet Periods.- 4.1.3 Substorm Times.- 4.1.4 Cusp Structure.- 4.2 Magnetogram-Inversion Technique.- 4.2.1 Essence of the Scheme.- 4.2.2 Advantages and Limitations.- 4.2.3 Global Distribution of Ionospheric Parameters.- 4.2.4 Recent Improvements.- 4.3 Formation of Auroral Arcs.- 5 Current Issues in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 5.1 The Westward Traveling Surge.- 5.1.1 Dynamics.- 5.1.2 Distortion of Convection Pattern.- 5.1.3 Pulsations.- 5.2 Auroral Particle Acceleration and Parallel Electric Fields.- 5.2.1 Observations.- 5.2.2 Theories and Computer Simulations.- 5.3 Penetration of High-Latitude Electric Fields / into Low Latitudes.- 5.3.1 Substorm Effects.- 5.3.2 Source Mechanisms.- 5.3.3 Global Patterns of Ionospheric Fields.- 5.3.4 Shielding of Convection Fields in the Magnetosphere.- 5.4 Relative Importance of Conductivities and Electric Fields..- 5.4.1 Simultaneous Measurements of Ionospheric Parameters.- 5.4.2 Two Electrojet Modes.- 5.4.3 Latitudinal Cross-Sections of the Auroral Electrojets.- 5.4.4 Implications for Substorm Dynamics.- 5.4.5 Future Problems.- References.

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Book SynopsisTobias Schüttler stellt in diesem essential beide im Detail sehr anspruchsvollen Gebiete – Einsteins berühmte Relativitätstheorie und die Satellitenortung mit GPS und Galileo – in allgemein verständlicher Weise dar und erklärt die Einflüsse der Relativitätstheorie bei der Satellitennavigation ohne höhere Mathematik. Es werden auch die zu dieser Betrachtung wichtigen Formeln genannt und motiviert. Um die Einflüsse der Relativitätstheorie auf ein Satellitennavigationssystem wie das europäische Galileo zu verstehen, muss man sich mit dem konkreten Messvorgang bei der Ortung auseinandersetzen. Die Grundidee des Verfahrens ist einfach – die technische Umsetzung indes höchst komplex.Table of ContentsWie funktioniert Satellitennavigation?.- Was hat Einstein mit Satellitennavigation zu tun?.- Alles etwas genauer betrachtet.- Relativistische Korrekturen bei GPS und Galileo.- Ausblick: Die Galileo-Satelliten Doresa und Milena.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the state of the art of the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics. It covers all the main topics in this wide field, from the theory of accretion disks and formation mechanisms of jet and outflows, to their observed electromagnetic spectrum, and attempts to measure the spin of these objects. Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity and are currently a very hot topic in both physics and astrophysics. In the last five years there have been significant advances in our understanding of these systems, and in the next five years it should become possible to use them to test fundamental physics, in particular to predict the general relativity in the strong field regime. The book is both a reference work for researchers and a textbook for graduate students. Trade Review“A perfect volume for young scientists starting their research in a field of astrophysics of black holes. The book presents very deep and broad knowledge on the topic, in a well-written form, which can easily be understood by the reader. It is also very good position for more advanced scientists as well.” (Hubert Siejkowski, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol 175, 2018)Table of ContentsPreface.- Black Hole Accretion Discs.- Black hole X-ray binaries.- Measuring spin: implications for our understanding of black hole accretion physics.- Jet and wind from black hole accretion flows.- Gravitational Waves: a new tool for observing the Universe.- A brief review of relativistic gravitational collapse.- General relativity in a nutshell.

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Book SynopsisAllein in unserer Galaxie gibt es etwa eine Milliarde erdähnlicher Planeten. Im sichtbaren Universum finden sich etwa 200 Milliarden Galaxien. Liegt es daher nicht nahe, dass sich irgendwo da draußen eine Zivilisation entwickelt hat, die mindestens genauso fortgeschritten ist wie unsere eigene? Die schieren Zahlen verlangen fast danach. Aber: Wieso sind wir dann noch nicht auf Botschaften, Artefakte oder sonstige Hinweise auch nur einer einzigen außerirdischen Zivilisation gestoßen?In diesem Buch führt Stephen Webb durch fünfzig überzeugende und faszinierende Lösungen des berühmten Fermi-Paradoxons, die kurzweilig präsentiert zum Nachdenken und auch Schmunzeln anregen.Table of ContentsGeleitwort von Martin Rees.- Vorwort.- 1 Wo sind die bloß alle?.- 2 Über Fermi ... und über Paradoxe.- 3 Sie sind (oder waren) schon hier.- 4 Es gibt sie, wir haben sie bloß noch nicht gesehen (oder gehört).- 5 Es gibt sie nicht.- 6 Des Paradoxes Lösung

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Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

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Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

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Book SynopsisLow energy neutrino astrophysics studies the evolutionary life of the stars via the neutrinos emitted during the quiescent phase (solar neutrinos) and during the explosive death of big mass stars (supernova neutrinos). The neutrino mean free path in matter is about twenty orders of magnitude greater than that of light; therefore neutrinos reaching us can be produced also in deep and high-density levels of stars. Since massless neutrinos are unaffected by their travel in the interstellar space, their energies and arrival directions carry information on the star history. The subject of this thesis is the search for neutrino bursts from galactic stellar gravitational collapses performed in the MACRO experiment, a large area modular detector, operating since autumn 1989.

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Book SynopsisIn this thesis I study the untwisted affine quantum algebras and their specialization at a primitive l-th root of unity. In particular my goal is the complete description of the center, when l is odd. The center of the specialization of the quantum algebra at odd roots of unity is already known in the finite case, that is for finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebras. In this thesis I prove that analogous results hold in the affine untwisted case.

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Book SynopsisVolume 1: X-ray Experimental Techniques and Missions.- Section I: Optics for X-ray Astrophysics.- Section II: Detectors for X-ray Astrophysics.- Section III: X-ray Missions.- Volume 2: Gamma-ray Experimental Techniques, Observatories, and Missions.- Section IV: Optics and Detectors for Gamma-ray Astrophysics.- Section V: Space-based Gamma-ray Observatories.- Section VI: Ground-based Gamma-ray Observatories.- Volume 3a: Galactic Sources.- Section VII: Solar System Planets.- Section VIII: The Sun, Stars, and Exoplanets.- Section IX: SNae, SNRs, and Diffuse Emission.- Section X: Compact Objects.- Volume 3b: Extra-Galactic Sources.- Section XI: Galaxies.- Section XII: Active Galactic Nuclei in X and Gamma-rays.- Section XIII: Galaxy Clusters.- Section XIV: Transient Events.- Section XV: Miscellanea.- Volume 4: Analysis Techniques in X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics.- Section XVI: Spectral Analysis.- Section XVII: Imaging Analysis.-Section XVIII: Timing Analysis.- Section XIX: Polarimetry.<

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Book Synopsis1. The history of PBHs.- 2. - The future of PBHs.- 3. Formation.- 4. Cosmological evolution and astrophysics implications.- 5. PBH scenario in the gravitational-wave era.

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Book SynopsisWill we ever discover a single scientific theory that tells us everything that has happened, and everything that will happen, on every level in the Universe? The quest for the theory of everything - a single key that unlocks all the secrets of the Universe - is no longer a pipe-dream, but the focus of some of our most exciting research about the structure of the cosmos. But what might such a theory look like? What would it mean? And how close are we to getting there? In New Theories of Everything, John D. Barrow describes the ideas and controversies surrounding the ultimate explanation. Updating his earlier work Theories of Everything with the very latest theories and predictions, he tells of the M-theory of superstrings and multiverses, of speculations about the world as a computer program, and of new ideas of computation and complexity. But this is not solely a book about modern ideas in physics - Barrow also considers and reflects on the philosophical and cultural consequences of thTrade ReviewReview from previous edition A fascinating journey... Barrow gets right down to fundamental issues in addressing this central question in modern science. * Kirkus Reviews *A fine book. * John Gribbin, The Independent *A worthwhile update. * Amanda Gefter, New Scientist *A highly rewarding intellectual adventure. * Jim Al-Khalili, Focus *Table of Contents1. Ultimate Explanation ; 2. Laws ; 3. Initial Conditions ; 4. Forces and Particles ; 5. Constants of Nature ; 6. Broken Symmetries ; 7. Organizing Principles ; 8. Selection Effects ; 9. Pi in the Sky ; Bibliography and Index

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