Astrophysics Books

Book SynopsisHalf a century ago, S. Chandrasekhar wrote these words in the preface to his l celebrated and successful book: In this monograph an attempt has been made to present the theory of stellar dy­ namics as a branch of classical dynamics - a discipline in the same general category as celestial mechanics. [ ... J Indeed, several of the problems of modern stellar dy­ namical theory are so severely classical that it is difficult to believe that they are not already discussed, for example, in Jacobi's Vorlesungen. Since then, stellar dynamics has developed in several directions and at var­ ious levels, basically three viewpoints remaining from which to look at the problems encountered in the interpretation of the phenomenology. Roughly speaking, we can say that a stellar system (cluster, galaxy, etc.) can be con­ sidered from the point of view of celestial mechanics (the N-body problem with N » 1), fluid mechanics (the system is represented by a material con­ tinuum), or statistical mechanics (one defines a distribution function for the positions and the states of motion of the components of the system).Trade ReviewFrom the reviews "The book is ... didactically written and contains topics from classical to most modern ones, treated rigorously by indicating where complete proofs are to be found."Zentralblatt für Mathematik, 1999Table of Contents— The Theory of Orbits from Epicycles to “Chaos”.- 1. Dynamics and Dynamical Systems — Quod Satis.- 2. The Two-Body Problem.- 3. The N-Body Problem.- 4. The Three-Body Problem.- 5. Orbits in Given Potentials.- Mathematical Appendix.- A.1 Spherical Trigonometry.- A.2 Curvilinear Coordinate Systems.- A.3 Riemannian Geometry.- Bibliographical Notes.- Name Index.

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Book SynopsisBlack Holes are still considered to be among the most mysterious and fascinating objects in our universe. Awaiting the era of gravitational astronomy, much progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of classical and quantum black holes has already been achieved. The present volume serves as a tutorial, high-level guided tour through the black-hole landscape: information paradox and blackhole thermodynamics, numerical simulations of black-hole formation and collisions, braneworld scenarios and stability of black holes with respect to perturbations are treated in great detail, as is their possible occurrence at the LHC. An outgrowth of a topical and tutorial summer school, this extensive set of carefully edited notes has been set up with the aim of constituting an advanced-level, multi-authored textbook which meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers in the fields of modern cosmology, astrophysics and (quantum) field theory. Table of ContentsBlack Holes and their Properties.- What Exactly is the Information Paradox?.- Classical Yang–Mills Black Hole Hair in Anti-de Sitter Space.- Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Colliding Black Holes and Gravitational Waves.- Numerical Simulations of Black Hole Formation.- Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Black Holes in Higher-Dimensional Gravity.- Braneworld Black Holes.- Higher Order Gravity Theories and Their Black Hole Solutions.- Gravitational Waves from Braneworld Black Holes.- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider.- Perturbations of Black Holes.- Perturbations and Stability of Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Analytic Calculation of Quasi-Normal Modes.

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Book SynopsisThe idea to hold a workshop on globular clusters in Concepcion emerged during 2005 out of a variety of circumstances. Four years had passed since the IAUSymposium 207 onExtragalactic Globular Clusters inPuc' on, atime span, which we thought to be long enough for justifying a new meeting with theintent toreviewthemostrecentdevelopments inthe?eld of extragalactic stars clusters. Originally intended to be a small-scale workshop, the response from the community was overwhelming so that only a full-scale international conferencewas abletocopewith thenumerousrequestsfortalksandposters. Finally, about 160 participants gathered in Concepci' on on March 6th, 2006. The venue was the university lecture hall located in the facultad de - manidadesyartesoftheUniversidaddeConcepci' on.Posterswereexposedin the lobby of the faculty building. The weather was as good as one can reas- ablyexpectfromalatesummerinConcepci' on.Althoughtheprogrammewas so tight that separate poster sessions other than those during co?ee breaks could not be accomodated, posters received a lot of attention. From the ?rst to the last talk, the atmosphere was inspiring and the conference could keep its tension for ?ve full days. This clearly shows that the attraction which globular clusters exercise on astrophysicists of quite di?erent ?avours, is as strong as ever.Table of ContentsDetailed Studies of Individual Globular Clusters.- Detailed Chemical Abundances of Extragalactic Globular Clusters.- Spectroscopic Abundances and Radial Velocities of the Galactic Globular Clusters 2MASS GC01 and 2MASS GC02: Preliminary Results.- Abundance Anomalies in Galactic Globular Clusters – Looking for the Stellar Culprits.- Globular Clusters in the Direction of the Inner Galaxy.- Globular Cluster Research with Astronomical Archives.- Super-He-Rich Populations in Globular Clusters.- Testing the BH 176 and Berkeley 29 Association with GASS/Monoceros.- New Yonsei-Yale (Y 2) Isochrones and Horizontal-Branch Evolutionary Tracks with Helium Enhancements.- Search for Candle Stars in Globular Clusters: Spectroscopic Analysis of Post-AGB Candidates.- The Lack of Binaries Among Hot Horizontal Branch Stars: M80 and NGC5986.- Semi-Empirical Determination of the Mass Distribution of Horizontal Branch Stars in M3.- The Most Massive Clusters.- Globular Clusters, Galactic Nuclei and Supermassive Black Holes.- UCDs – A Mixed Bag of Objects.- Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies and Globular Clusters: A Review of Their Spatial and Dynamical Properties.- The Maximum Mass of Star Clusters.- The Stellar Population of Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies.- News on Ultra-Compact Dwarfs and Blue Globular Clusters.- UCDs and GCs: Structural Differences from HST Imaging.- Ultra-Compact Stellar Systems in the Fornax Galaxy Cluster.- Multi-Colour Imaging of Ultra-Compact Objects in the Fornax Cluster.- Young Star Clusters.- Hierarchical Formation of Galactic Clusters.- Young Massive Clusters – Formation Efficiencies and (Initial) Mass Functions.- The Radii of Thousands of Star Clusters in M51 with HST/ACS.- Extragalactic Star Clusters in Merging Galaxies.- The Environment of Young Massive Clusters.- Star/Cluster Formation in Complexes: Insights from IFUs and HST.- Spectral Evolution of Blue Concentrated Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud.- Young Star Clusters in the SMC.- Molecular Clouds and Star Formation in the Magellanic System by NANTEN.- Two Star Cluster Populations in NGC 45.- Characterization of Open Cluster Remnants.- HST Photometry of the Binary Globular Cluster Sersic 13N-S in NGC5128[1].- Globular Cluster Systems in Dwarf and Irregular Galaxies.- LMC Cluster Abundances and Kinematics.- Globular Clusters in Dwarf Galaxies.- Globular Clusters in Dwarf and Giant Galaxies.- The Age-Metallicity Relation of the SMC.- Integrated Spectroscopic Analysis of Galactic and Small Magellanic Cloud Clusters.- Variable Stars in the Globular Clusters and in the Field of the Fornax dSph Galaxy.- Physical Parameters of Intermediate-Age LMC Clusters from Modelling of HST CMDs.- RGB Properties of the LMC/SMC Clusters in the Infrared.- WLM-1: A Non-Rotating, Gravitationally Unperturbed, Highly Elliptical Extragalactic Globular Cluster.- Globular Cluster Systems in Spiral Galaxies.- Star Clusters in M33 – Clues to Galaxy Formation and Evolution.- M31 and its Globular Clusters.- IR Integrated Light Colors For Galactic GCs and An Update on Young M31 Globular Clusters.- Nuclear Star Clusters in Edge-on Galaxies.- HST ACS Wide-Field Photometry of the Sombrero Galaxy Globular Cluster System.- Intermediate-Age Globular Clusters in M31.- Metal-Poor Globular Clusters of the Galactic Bulge.- Globular Cluster System and Milky Way Properties Revisited.- RR Lyrae-Based Calibration of the Globular Cluster Luminosity Function.- Globular Cluster Systems in Spiral Galaxies Using ACS Imaging.- Laser Guide Star Imaging of M31 Globulars.- GALEX UV Observations of M31 Globular Clusters.- Integrated Spectroscopy of Galactic Globular Clusters.- Globular Cluster Systems in Early-Type Galaxies.- Globular Cluster Systems: Do They Really Trace Star Formation? (Or Rather: What Mode of Star Formation Do They Trace?).- Globular Clusters in Early Type Galaxies.- Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation.- Globular Cluster Systems in Giant Ellipticals: New and Old Patterns.- The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey.- Globular Clusters at the Centre of the Fornax Cluster: Tracing Interactions Between Galaxies.- Globular Cluster Bimodality Revisited (and the Globulars-Galaxy Halo Connection).- Globular Cluster Systems, Diffuse Star Clusters, and Host Galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey.- Hot Populations in M87 Globular Clusters.- A Subaru/Suprime-Cam Wide-Field Survey of Globular Cluster Populations around M87.- Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters in NGC 1407.- The Globular Cluster System of NGC 5846 Revisited: Colours, Sizes and X-Ray Counterparts.- Globular Cluster Systems in Shell Ellipticals.- GMOS Photometry of Five Globular Cluster Systems: NGC 4649, NGC 3923, NGC 524, NGC 3115 and NGC 3379.- Structural Parameters from Ground-based Observations of Globular Clusters in NGC 5128.- Globular Cluster Populations in Early-Type Galaxies.- The Low-Mass X-Ray Binary Globular Cluster Connection in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey.- The Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128: Combining Broad-Band Color and Lick Index Analysis.- The Galaxy – Globular Cluster Connection in NGC 3115.- Velocity Dispersions of Bright Globular Clusters in NGC 5128.- Evolution of Cluster Systems and their Host Galaxies.- Imprint of Galaxy Formation and Evolution on Globular Cluster Properties.- Formation of Globular Clusters in Hierarchical Cosmology: ART and Science.- Globular Cluster Formation in Mergers.- The Formation Histories of Metal-Rich and Metal-Poor Globular Clusters.- Globular Cluster System Evolution in Early Type Galaxies.- Star Cluster Evolution: From Young Massive Star Clusters to Old Globulars.- A Wide-Field Survey of the Globular Cluster Systems of Giant Galaxies.- IGCs in the Virgo Cluster.- A New Explanation of Globular Cluster Color Distributions.- Formation of Intracluster and Intercluster Globular Clusters.- The Effect of Giant Molecular Clouds on Star Clusters.- Metal-rich Globular Clusters: An Unaccounted Factor Responsible for Their Formation?.- On the Globular Cluster Color Distributions.- Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters.- Dissolution of Globular Clusters.- Dynamical Masses of Young Star Clusters: Constraints on the Stellar IMF and Star-Formation Efficiency.- Dynamical Evolution of Rotating Globular Clusters with Embedded Black Holes.- The Dynamical Evolution of Young Clusters and Galactic Implications.- Simulations of Globular Clusters Merging in Galactic Nuclear Regions.- The Origin of the Gaussian Initial Mass Function of Globular Cluster Systems.- Evolution of Globular Cluster Systems.- Tidal Disruption and the Tale of Three Clusters.- Tidal Tails Around Globular Clusters: Are they Good Tracers of Cluster Orbits?.- Modelling the Tidal Tails of NGC 5466.- The Search for Tidal Tails of Globular Clusters: NGC4147.- Internal Rotation of Young Globular Clusters.- Mass Segregation in Young Star Clusters.- Dynamics of Globular Cluster Systems.- Kinematics of Globular Cluster Systems.- Dark Matter in the Elliptical Galaxies NGC 1399 and NGC 4636.- Ages, Abundances, and Kinematics of Globular Clusters in NGC 3379 and NGC 4649 with Gemini/GMOS.- The Dark Halo of NGC 1399 and MOND.- Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128.- Open Questions in the Globular Cluster – Galaxy Connection.- Open Questions in the Globular Cluster – Galaxy Connection.

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Book SynopsisEssential Astrophysics is a book to learn or teach from, as well as a fundamental reference volume for anyone interested in astronomy and astrophysics. It presents astrophysics from basic principles without requiring any previous study of astronomy or astrophysics. It serves as a comprehensive introductory text, which takes the student through the field of astrophysics in lecture-sized chapters of basic physical principles applied to the cosmos.This one-semester overview will be enjoyed by undergraduate students with an interest in the physical sciences, such as astronomy, chemistry, engineering or physics, as well as by any curious student interested in learning about our celestial science. The mathematics required for understanding the text is on the level of simple algebra, for that is all that is needed to describe the fundamental principles. The text is of sufficient breadth and depth to prepare the interested student for more advanced specialised courses in the future. Astronomical examples are provided throughout the text, to reinforce the basic concepts and physics, and to demonstrate the use of the relevant formulae. In this way, the student learns to apply the fundamental equations and principles to cosmic objects and situations. Astronomical and physical constants and units as well as the most fundamental equations can be found in the appendix. Essential Astrophysics goes beyond the typical textbook by including references to the seminal papers in the field, with further reference to recent applications, results, or specialised literature.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This work fills a unique position in the literature. It is a concrete, middle-level treatment that devotes as much attention to methods of research and observation as it does to results. Here at last is a book in English which bridges the gap between elementary introductory accounts and advanced technical monographs. … It is also a fine book for hobbyists and others with some grounding in astronomy who want to explore these matters in greater depth than elementary texts allow.” (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, bookinspections.wordpress.com, May, 2014)“This set of lecture notes on astrophysics discusses the topics that would be taught in an introductory undergraduate class. The text is sufficiently comprehensive to be used as the principle textbook for a lecture course or for self-study. … the references are excellent, enabling those who need more detail to find information quickly. The book will be easy to follow for anyone with a solid background in lower-level undergraduate physics. A valuable acquisition for academic library collections. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” (A. Spero, Choice, Vol. 51 (6), February, 2014)Table of ContentsList of focus elements.- List of tables.- Preface.- Observing the Universe.- Radiation.- Gravity.- Cosmic Motion.- Moving Particles.- Detecting Atoms in Stars.- Transmutation of the Elements.- What Makes the Sun Shine?.- The Extended Solar Atmosphere.- The Sun Amongst the Stars.- The Material Between the Stars.- Formation of the Stars and their Planets.- Stellar End States.- A Larger, Expanding Universe.- Origin, Life and Destiny of the Observable Universe.- References.- Author index.- Subject index.

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Book SynopsisThis 6th edition of “Tools of Radio Astronomy”, the most used introductory text in radio astronomy, has been revised to reflect the current state of this important branch of astronomy. This includes the use of satellites, low radio frequencies, the millimeter/sub-mm universe, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the increased importance of mm/sub-mm dust emission. Several derivations and presentations of technical aspects of radio astronomy and receivers, such as receiver noise, the Hertz dipole and beam forming have been updated, expanded, re-worked or complemented by alternative derivations. These reflect advances in technology. The wider bandwidths of the Jansky-VLA and long wave arrays such as LOFAR and mm/sub-mm arrays such as ALMA required an expansion of the discussion of interferometers and aperture synthesis. Developments in data reduction algorithms have been included. As a result of the large amount of data collected in the past 20 years, the discussion of solar system radio astronomy, dust emission, and radio supernovae has been revisited. The chapters on spectral line emission have been updated to cover measurements of the neutral hydrogen radiation from the early universe as well as measurements with new facilities. Similarly the discussion of molecules in interstellar space has been expanded to include the molecular and dust emission from protostars and very cold regions. Several worked examples have been added in the areas of fundamental physics, such as pulsars. Both students and practicing astronomers will appreciate this new up-to-date edition of Tools of Radio Astronomy. Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen zur 6.Auflage: “... Studenten und Absolventen einschlägiger Fachrichtungen ist das Buch auch fur Quereinsteiger und Amateure geeignet, die ernsthaft in dieses Fachgebiet eindringen wollen.“ (in: Funkamateur, Heft 5, 2014)Table of ContentsRadio Astronomical Fundamentals.- ElectromagneticWave Propagation Fundamentals.- Wave Polarization.- Signal Processing and Receivers: Theory.- Practical Receiver Systems.- Fundamentals of Antenna Theory.- Practical Aspects of Filled Aperture Antennas.- Single Dish Observational Methods.- Interferometers and Aperture Synthesis.- Emission Mechanisms of Continuous Radiation.- Some Examples of Thermal and Nonthermal Radio Sources.- Spectral Line Fundamentals.- Line Radiation from Atoms.- Radio Recombination Lines.- Overview of Molecular Basics.- Molecules in Interstellar Space.- Some Useful Vector Relations & Fourier Transforms.- The Van Vleck Clipping Correction: One Bit Quantization.- Conventional Derivation of Square Law Detector Response & Receiver Noise.- The Reciprocity Theorem.- Filled Aperture Antennas.- The Hankel Transform.- Lists of Calibration Radio Sources.- The Mutual Coherence Function and van Cittert-Zernike Theorem.- Bibliography.- Index.

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Book SynopsisFundamental Astronomy is a well-balanced, comprehensive introduction to classical and modern astronomy. While emphasizing both the astronomical concepts and the underlying physical principles, the text provides a sound basis for more profound studies in the astronomical sciences. This is the fifth edition of the successful undergraduate textbook and reference work. It has been extensively modernized and extended in the parts dealing with extragalactic astronomy and cosmology. You will also find augmented sections on the solar system and extrasolar planets as well as a new chapter on astrobiology. Long considered a standard text for physical science majors, Fundamental Astronomy is also an excellent reference work for dedicated amateur astronomers.Trade Review"For the book to reach the fourth edition, it must be hitting a niche in the market. The preface to the first edition in 1987 identifies that market as a ‘university textbook for a first course in astronomy’ which is also suited for serious amateurs who ‘find the popular texts too trivial’. In my opinion, that description from the original preface is ‘spot on’ and makes this volume a must-buy for any serious amateur looking for a comprehensive overview of matters astronomical." (Roger Feasey, Auckland Astronomical Society Journal, March 2004) "This work remains a most excellent textbook for the student as well as the dedicated amateur astronomer." (ORION 62/321, ) "If you are looking for a solid undergraduate text outlining the physics which underpins so much of modern astronomy then this book will be a very useful addition to your personal library." (Astronomy Now, May 2004) "… The wide range of expertise gives the book an authority that would be almost impossible for a single-author text ... There are other aids to the reader: worked examples ... starred sections in small print take the inquisitive reader beyond the general level of the book." (Nature) "… Unique among available texts and has so much to offer ... No one involved in astronomy teaching will want to be without a copy." (The Physics Teacher) "Gives a solid foundation to the basic ideas of astronomy in a clear and accessible fashion … Fundamental ideas are developed clearly and applied to real problems, and solutions are worked out." (Sky & Telescope) From the reviews of the fourth edition: "This book will well serve its readership which includes both undergraduate physical science and mathematics students … . covers all the important subjects of an introductory course in astronomy. … is beautifully illustrated with many black and white and color photographs, which will be most appealing … . they have produced a book that will prove useful for many years … . As such it is highly recommended … to the general reader who wants to be pleasantly and highly informed about astronomy." (Fernande Grandjean, Gary J. Long, Physicalia, Vol. 26(1), 2004) "The book remains a calculus-based textbook and reference source containing many exercises … for the proper comprehension of the subjects treated. … This work remains a most excellent textbook for the student as well as the dedicated amateur astronomer. … can considerably widen the vision of the student … ." (Noël Cramer, ORIAN-Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Astronomischen Gesellschaft Vol. 62(321), 2004) "Fundamental Astronomy is both the title and an excellent description of the content … . is also suited for serious amateurs who "find the popular texts too trivial". In my opinion … this volume a must-buy for any serious amateur looking for a comprehensive overview of matters astronomical. … Its usefulness for education purposes is enhanced by worked examples in each section followed by exercises." (AAS Journal, March, 2004) "This is the 4th edition of this well known and well tested undergraduate-level text on astronomy. … All the derivations are well done and the problems selected for student work are interesting and will undoubtedly help the student in his or her studies. … if you are looking for a solid undergraduate text outlining the physics which underpins so much of modern astronomy then this book will be a very useful addition to your personal library." (Kevin P. Marshall, Astronomy Now, May, 2004) From the reviews of the fifth edition: “This textbook, suitable for a university first course in astronomy, is the outgrowth of a long and outstanding astronomical tradition in Finland, and the result of an extensive collaborative effort, which included also teaching and interaction with many people. … I highly recommend this book for class use … it will be useful for professionals as well.” (Bruno Bertotti, Prometeo, Vol. 24 (3-4), 2008)Table of ContentsSpherical Astronomy.- Observations and Instruments.- Photometric Concepts and Magnitudes.- Radiation Mechanisms.- Celestial Mechanics.- The Solar System.- Stellar Spectra.- Binary Stars and Stellar Masses.- Stellar Structure.- Stellar Evolution.- The Sun.- Variable Stars.- Compact Stars.- The Interstellar Medium.- Star Clusters and Associations.- The Milky Way.- Galaxies.- Cosmology.- Astrobiology.

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Book SynopsisThe outstanding question in astronomy at the turn of the twentieth century was: What are the stars and why are they as they are? In this volume, the story of how the answer to this fundamental question was unravelled is narrated in an informal style, with emphasis on the underlying physics. This book discusses recent developments in the context of discussing the nature of the stars, their stability and the source of the energy they radiate. Reading this book will get young students excited about the presently unfolding revolution in astronomy and the challenges that await them in the world of physics, engineering and technology. General readers will also find the book appealing for its highly accessible narrative of the physics of stars.Table of ContentsThe Present Revolution in Astronomy: An Overview.- What Are the Stars?.- Stars as Globes of Gas.- Eddington’s Theory of the Stars.- Why Are the Stars as They Are?.- Energy Generation in the Stars.- Sounds of the Sun.- The Smoking Gun is Finally Found.

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Book SynopsisThe existence of neutron stars was not only a brilliant theoretical prediction, but also one of the most unexpected and astonishing discoveries of all heavenly bodies. Twenty-five years after the remarkable event of their discovery, neutron stars, which are the densest, the most strongly magnetized, and the most rapid­ ly rotating bodies in the Galaxy, remain objects of intense interest. This book is a revised and enlarged version of the original Russian edition. The last five years were marked by the discovery of a supernova in the closest galaxy and dozens of X-ray sources and millisecond pulsars, which apparently confirm the validity of the basic ideas underlying these discoveries. The author has concentrated on the astrophysical manifestations of neutron stars, which are believed mainly to be associated with the nature of their interaction with their surroundings. Naturally, this approach does not leave much room for a detailed description of the internal structure of these stars. Fortunately, there exists an excellent monograph by S. L. Shapiro and S. A. Teukolsky (Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars, Wiley, New York 1985) which deals mainly with the purely physical problems. Moreover, the publication of such a book in the West partly makes amends for the lack of information about the work being done by Soviet scientists in this field.Table of Contents1. Theoretical and Observational Principles of the Astrophysics of Neutron Stars.- 1.1 Prediction.- 1.2 Accretion.- 1.3 Rotation and Magnetic Field.- 1.4 Radiopulsars.- 1.5 New Ideas.- 1.6 X-Ray Pulsars.- 1.7 X-Ray Bursters.- 1.8 Bursts and Other Sources of Gamma Rays.- 1.9 General View.- 2. Structure of Neutron Stars.- 2.1 Equilibrium of Stars.- 2.2 Exact Equilibrium Equations for Cold Stars.- 2.3 Physical Conditions Inside Neutron Stars.- 2.4 Parameters of Neutron Stars.- 2.5 Mass of Neutron Stars.- 2.6 Rotational Effects.- 3. Fluid Dynamics of Accretion.- 3.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 3.2 The Role of Radiation and Ejection.- 3.3 Spherical Accretion to a Neutron Star Without a Magnetic Field.- 3.4 Capture of Matter by a Moving Star.- 3.5 Fluid Dynamics of Cylindrical Accretion.- 3.6 Disk Accretion.- 3.7 Luminosity and Spectrum of Accretion Disks.- 3.8 Supercritical Disk Accretion.- 3.9 Accretion in Binary Systems.- 3.9.1 Overflow Through the Inner Lagrangian Point.- 3.9.2 Accretion from Stellar Wind.- 3.10 Two-Stream Accretion.- 3.11 Accretion of Magnetic Fields.- 4. Classification of Neutron Stars.- 4.1 Magnetic Dipole.- 4.2 Stopping Radius.- 4.3 Stopping Radius in the Supercritical Case.- 4.4 The Effect of a Magnetic Field.- 4.5 Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 4.6 Corotation Radius.- 4.7 Nomenclature.- 4.8 Critical Periods. The p-y and p-L Diagrams.- 5. Boundaries. Magnetospheres of Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars.- 5.1 Physical Conditions in the Alfvén Zone.- 5.2 Formulation of the Problem.- 5.3 Simple Configurations.- 5.4 Magnetosphere in Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 5.5 Pascal’s Pressure Law.- 5.5.1 Two-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.5.2 Three-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.6 A Dipole Confined by an Ideally Conducting Disk.- 5.6.1 Two-Dimensional Model.- 5.6.2 Three-Dimensional Problem.- 5.6.3 Dipole Rotation.- 5.7 Magnetosphere in a Plane-parallel Plasma Flow.- 5.7.1 Two-Dimensional Solution.- 5.7.2 Three-Dimensional Solution.- 5.8 Two-Stream Accretion.- 6. Accreting Neutron Stars.- 6.1 Boundary Stability.- 6.1.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 6.1.2 Disk Accretion onto a Magnetized Neutron Star.- 6.1.3 Torsion of an Accretion Disk by Magnetic Forces.- 6.1.4 Magnetosphere Boundary Stability for Two-Stream Accretion.- 6.2 The Polar Column.- 6.3 Spin-up, Spin-down and Induced Precession of Accreting Stars.- 6.3.1 Spin-up Torque.- 6.3.2 Spin-down Torque.- 6.3.3 Analytical Model of Torques Applied to a Magnetized Accreting Star.- 6.3.4 Equilibrium Period.- 6.4 Observed Properties of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.5 Energy Parameters of Pulsars and Transport of Matter in Binary Systems.- 6.6 Spectrum and Magnetic Fields.- 6.7 Periods of X-Ray Pulsars and Their Variation.- 6.7.1 Equilibrium of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.2 Magnetic Fields of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.3 Reasons Behind the Average Spin-up of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.4 Rapid Fluctuation of Periods and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 6.8 Variability of X-Ray Sources. Transients.- 6.9 Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 6.10 X-Ray Bursters.- 6.10.1 Localization and Spatial Distribution.- 6.10.2 Periodic Variations of X-Ray Flux. X-Ray Eclipses.- 6.10.3 Luminosity and Spectra of Bursters.- 6.11 Nuclear Burning at the Surface of Neutron Stars. Spherically Symmetric Model.- 6.12 Accretion to X-Ray Bursters.- 6.12.1 Accretion for ? Stars.- 7. The “Propeller” Regime.- 7.1 Quasistatic Shells.- 7.1.1 Supersonic Propeller.- 7.1.2 Subsonic Propeller.- 7.1.3 Very Rapid Propeller.- 7.1.4 Nongravitating Propeller.- 7.2 Spinning-down in the Boundary Layer.- 7.3 Two-Stream Flow Formation due to the Propeller Effect.- 7.3.1 Stationary Flow from Disks.- 7.3.2 Time-Dependent Solution.- 7.4 Dead Disks and Accumulator Disks.- 7.5 Nonstationary Disk Accretion. Model of Transient X-Ray Sources.- 7.6 Relativistic Propeller.- 7.7 Objects That Can Become Propellers.- 7.7.1 Binary Systems.- 7.7.2 Single Neutron Stars.- 8. Ejecting Stars.- 8.1 Observed Characteristics of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.1 Periods and Their Variation.- 8.1.2 Pulse Structure.- 8.1.3 Spectrum and Luminosity.- 8.1.4 Distribution of Pulsars in Space.- 8.1.5 Spatial Velocity of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.6 Pulsars and Binary Systems.- 8.2 Radiopulsars as Ejecting Neutron Stars.- 8.3 Pulsar Electrodynamics and Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 8.3.1 Vacuum Approximation.- 8.3.2 Magnetosphere in the Presence of Plasma.- 8.4 Mechanisms of Radiation.- 8.5 Caverns Around Neutron Stars.- 8.5.1 Caverns in Binary Systems.- 8.5.2 Caverns Around a Single Neutron Star.- 8.5.3 Effect of Relativistic Wind on Accretion Flow Parameters.- 8.6 Change in Radiopulsar Period.- 8.6.1 Spin-down of Pulsars and Their Magnetic Fields.- 8.6.2 Spin-up Episodes and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 8.7 Evolution of Radiopulsars.- 8.7.1 Origin and Age of Pulsars.- 8.7.2 Evolution of the Radiopulsar Period.- 8.8 Spatial Velocities of Radiopulsars.- 8.9 Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 8.9.1 Radiopulsars Forming Pairs with Degenerate Stars.- 8.9.2 “Reflection” Effect.- 8.9.3 Observational Evidence of the Existence of Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 9. Supercritical Regimes.- 9.1 Superaccretor.- 9.1.1 Accretion Pattern.- 9.1.2 Neutrino Pulsar.- 9.1.3 Spin-up and Spin-down.- 9.2 Superejectors and Superpropellers.- 9.3 Is SS 433 a Superaccretor?.- 9.4 Other Candidates.- 10. Stars with an Anomalously Low Value of Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 10.1 Georotators.- 10.2 Binary Magnetic Systems (Magnetors).- 11. Evolution of Stars.- 11.1 Normal Stars.- 11.1.1 Single Stars.- 11.1.2 Binary Stars.- 11.2 Evolution of Neutron Stars.- 11.2.1 Evolution Equation.- 11.2.2 Statistical Description of the Ensemble of Neutron Stars.- 11.3 Neutron Star Tracks.- 11.4 Numerical Simulation of the Joint Evolution of Normal and Neutron Stars.- 11.4.1 Computational Method.- 11.4.2 Evolutionary Tracks.- 11.4.3 Simulation of X-Ray Pulsars (Stage IIA) and the Choice of Optimal Parameters.- 11.4.4 Abundance of Different Types of Systems in the Galaxy.- 11.4.5 Physical Characteristics of Neutron Stars at Various Stages of Evolution.- 11.4.6 Two Types of Radiopulsars.- 11.5 Possible Candidates.- 11.5.1 “Runaway” Stars.- 11.5.2 The SS 433 Object.- 11.5.3 “Single” Wolf-Rayet Stars.- 11.5.4 Collapse Anisotropy.- 11.5.5 Other Numerical Models.- Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities.- Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) Instability.- Commutation Instability.- References.

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Book SynopsisIt would seem that any specialist in plasma physics studying a medium in which the interaction between particles is as distance-dependent as the inter­ action between stars and other gravitating masses would assert that the role of collective effects in the dynamics of gravitating systems must be decisive. However, among astronomers this point of view has been recog­ nized only very recently. So, comparatively recently, serious consideration has been devoted to theories of galactic spiral structure in which the dominant role is played by the orbital properties of individual stars rather than collec­ tive effects. In this connection we would like to draw the reader's attention to a difference in the scientific traditions of plasma physicists and astrono­ mers, whereby the former have explained the delay of the onset of controlled thermonuclear fusion by the "intrigues" of collective processes in the plasma, while many a generation of astronomers were calculating star motions, solar and lunar eclipses, and a number of other fine effects for many years ahead by making excellent use of only the laws of Newtonian mechanics. Therefore, for an astronomer, it is perhaps not easy to agree with the fact that the evolution of stellar systems is controlled mainly by collective effects, and the habitual methods of theoretical mechanics III astronomy must make way for the method of self-consistent fields.Table of Contents(Volume I).- § 1. Basic Concepts and Equations of Theory.- § 2. Equilibrium States of Collisionless Gravitating Systems.- § 3. Small Oscillations and Stability.- §4. Jeans Instability of a One—Component Uniform Medium.- §5. Jeans Instability of a Multicomponent Uniform Medium.- 5.1. Basic Theorem (on the Stability of a Multicomponent System with Components at Rest).- 5.2. Four Limiting Cases for a Two—Component Medium.- 5.3. Table of Jeans Instabilities of a Uniform Two—Component Medium.- 5.4. General Case of n Components.- §6. Non—Jeans Instabilities.- § 7. Qualitative Discussion of the Stability of Spherical, Cylindrical (and Disk—Shaped) Systems with Respect to Radial Perturbations.- I Theory.- I Equilibrium and Stability of a Nonrotating Flat Gravitating Layer.- § 1. Equilibrium States of a Collisionless Flat Layer.- § 2. Gravitational (Jeans) Instability of the Layer.- § 3. Anisotropic (Fire—Hose) Instability of a Collisionless Flat Layer.- 3.1. Qualitative Considerations.- 3.2. Derivation of the Dispersion Equation for Bending Perturbations of a Thin Layer.- 3.3. Fire—Hose Instability of a Highly Anisotropic Flat Layer.- 3.4. Analysis of the Dispersion Equation.- 3.5. Additional Remarks.- § 4. Derivation of Integra—Differential Equations for Normal Modes of a Flat Gravitating Layer.- § 5. Symmetrical Perturbations of a Flat Layer with an Isotropic Distribution Function Near the Stability Boundary.- § 6. Perpendicular Oscillations of a Homogeneous Collisionless Layer.- 6.1. Derivation of the Characteristic Equation for Eigenfrequencies.- 6.2. Stability of the Model.- 6.3. Permutational Modes.- 6.4. Time—Independent Perturbations (? = 0).- Problems.- II Equilibrium and Stability of a Collisionless Cylinder.- §1. Equilibrium Cylindrical Configurations.- § 2. Jeans Instability of a Cylinder with Finite Radius.- 2.1. Dispersion Equation for Eigenfrequencies of Axial-Symmetrical Perturbations of a Cylinder with Circular Orbits of Particles.- 2.2. Branches of Axial—Symmetrical Oscillations of a Rotating Cylinder with Maxwellian Distribution of Particles in.- 2.3. Longitudinal Velocities.- 2.4. Oscillative Branches of the Rotating Cylinder with a Jackson Distribution Function (in Longitudinal Velocities).- 2.5. Axial—Symmetrical Perturbations of Cylindrical Models of a More General Type.- § 3. Nonaxial Perturbations of a Collisionless Cylinder.- 3.1. The Long—Wave Fire-Hose Instability.- 3.2. Nonaxial Perturbations of a Cylinder with Circular Particle Orbits 100§ 4. Stability of a Cylinder with Respect to Flute—like Perturbations.- § 5. Local Analysis of the Stability of Cylinders (Flute—like Perturbations).- 5.1. Dispersion Equation for Model (2), § 1.- 5.2. Maxwellian Distribution Function.- § 6. Comparison with Oscillations of an Incompressible Cylinder.- 6.1. Flute—like Perturbations (kz = 0).- § 7. Flute—like Oscillations of a Nonuniform Cylinder with Circular Orbits of Particles.- Problems.- III Equilibrium and Stability of Collisionless Spherically Symmetrical Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium Distribution Functions.- § 2. Stability of Systems with an Isotropic Particle Velocity Distribution.- 2.1. The General Variational Principle for Gravitating Systems with the Isotropic Distribution of Particles in Velocities (f0 = f0(E), f’0 = df0|dE ? 0).- 2.2. Sufficient Condition of Stability.- 2.3. Other Theorems about Stability. Stability with Respect to Nonradial Perturbations.- 2.4. Variational Principle for Radial Perturbations.- 2.5. Hydrodynamical Analogy.- 2.6. On the Stability of Systems with Distribution Functions That Do Not Satisfy the Condition f’0 (E) ? 0.- § 3. Stability of Systems of Gravitating Particles Moving On Circular Trajectories.- 3.1. Stability of a Uniform Sphere.- 3.2. Stability of a Homogeneous System of Particles with Nearly Circular Orbits.- 3.3. Stability of a Homogeneous Sphere with Finite Angular Momentum.- 3.4. Stability of Inhomogeneous Systems.- § 4. Stability of Systems of Gravitating Particles Moving in Elliptical Orbits.- 4.1. Stability of a Sphere with Arbitrary Elliptical Particle Orbits.- 4.2. Instability of a Rotating Freeman Sphere.- § 5. Stability of Systems with Radial Trajectories of Particles.- 5.1. Linear Stability Theory.- 5.2. Simulation of a Nonlinear Stage of Evolution.- § 6. Stability of Spherically Symmetrical Systems of General Form.- 6.1. Series of the Idlis Distribution Functions.- 6.2. First Series of Camm Distribution Functions (Generalized Poly tropes).- 6.3. Shuster’s Model in the Phase Description.- §7. Discussion of the Results.- Problems.- IV Equilibrium and Stability of Collisionless Ellipsoidal Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium Distribution Functions.- 1.1 Freeman’s Ellipsoidal Models.- 1.2. “Hot” Models of Collisionless Ellipsoids of Revolution.- § 2. Stability of a Three—Axial Ellipsoid and an Elliptical Disk.- 2.1. Stability of a Three-Axial Ellipsoid.- 2.2. Stability of Freeman Elliptical Disks.- § 3. Stability of Two—Axial Collisionless Ellipsoidal Systems.- 3.1. Stability of Freeman’s Spheroids.- 3.2. Peebles—Ostriker Stability Criterion. Stability of Uniform Ellipsoids, “Hot” in the Plane of Rotation.- 3.3. The Fire-Hose Instability of Ellipsoidal Stellar Systems.- 3.4. Secular and Dynamical Instability. Characteristic Equation for Eigenfrequencies of Oscillations of Maclaurin Ellipsoids.- Problems.- V Equilibrium and Stability of Flat Gravitating Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium States of Flat Gaseous and Collisionless Systems.- 1.3. Systems with Circular Particle Orbits.- 1.4. Plasma Systems with a Magnetic Field.- 1.5. Gaseous Systems.- 1.6. “Hot” Collisionless Systems.- § 2. Stability of a “Cold” Rotating Disk.- 2.1. Membrane Oscillations of the Disk.- 2.2. Oscillations in the Plane of the Disk.- § 3. Stability of a Plasma Disk with a Magnetic Field.- 3.1. Qualitative Derivation of the Stability Condition.- 3.2. Variational Principle.- 3.3. Short—Wave Approximation.- 3.4. Numerical Analysis of a Specific Model.- § 4. Stability of a “Hot” Rotating Disk.- 4.1. Oscillations in the Plane of the Disk.- 4.2. Bending Perturbations.- 4.3. Methods of the Stability Investigation of General Collisionless Disk Systems.- 4.4. Exact Spectra of Small Perturbations.- 4.5. Global Instabilities of Gaseous Disks. Comparison of Stability Properties of Gaseous and Stellar Disks.- Problems.- References.- Additional References.

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Table of Contents(Volume II).- Non-Jeans Instabilities of Gravitating Systems.- VI Non-Jeans Instabilities of Gravitating Systems.- § 1. Beam Instability of a Gravitating Medium.- 1.1. Theorem of a Number of Instabilities of the Heterogeneous System with Homogeneous Flows.- 1.2. Expression for the Growth Rate of the Kinetic Beam Instability in the Case of a Beam of Small Density (for an Arbitrary Distribution Function).- 1.3. Beam with a Step Function Distribution.- 1.4. Hydrodynamical Beam Instability. Excitation of the Rotational Branch.- 1.5. Stabilizing Effect of the Interaction of Gravitating Cylinders and Disks.- 1.6. Instability of Rotating Inhomogeneous Cylinders with Oppositely Directed Beams of Equal Density.- § 2. Gradient Instabilities of a Gravitating Medium.- 2.1. Cylinder of Constant Density with Radius-Dependent Temperature. Hydrodynamical Instability.- 2.2. Cylinder of Constant Density with a Temperature Jump. Kinetic Instability.- 2.3. Cylinder with Inhomogeneous Density and Temperature.- § 3. Hydrodynamical Instabilities of a Gravitating Medium with a Growth Rate Much Greater than that of Jeans.- 3.1. Hydrodynamical Instabilities in the Model of a Flat Parallel Flow.- 3.2. Hydrodynamical Instabilities of a Gravitating Cylinder.- §4. General Treatment of Kinetic Instabilities.- 4.1. Beam Effects in the Heterogeneous Model of a Galaxy.- 4.2. Influence of a “Black Hole” at the Center of a Spherical System on the Resonance Interactions Between Stars and Waves.- 4.3. Beam Instability in the Models of a Cylinder and a Flat Layer.- VII Problems of Nonlinear Theory.- § 1. Nonlinear Stability Theory of a Rotating, Gravitating Disk.- 1.1. Nonlinear Waves and Solitons in a Hydrodynamical Model of an Infinitely Thin Disk with Plane Pressure.- 1.2. Nonlinear Waves in a Gaseous Disk.- 1.3. Nonlinear Waves and Solitons in a Stellar Disk.- 1.4. Explosive Instability.- 1.5. Remarks on the Decay Processes.- 1.6. Nonlinear Waves in a Viscous Medium.- § 2. Nonlinear Interaction of a Monochromatic Wave with Particles in Gravitating Systems.- 2.1. Nonlinear Dynamics of the Beam Instability in a Cylindrical Model.- 2.2. Nonlinear Saturation of the Instability at the Corotation Radiusin the Disk.- § 3. Nonlinear Theory of Gravitational Instability of a Uniform Expanding Medium.- § 4. Foundations of Turbulence Theory.- 4.1. Hamiltonian Formalism for the Hydrodynamical Model of a Gravitating Medium.- 4.2. Three-Wave Interaction.- 4.3. Four-Wave Interaction.- §5. Concluding Remarks.- 5.1. When Can an Unstable Gravitating Disk be Regarded as an Infinitesimally Thin One?.- 5.2. On Future Soliton Theory of Spiral Structure.- Problems.- II Astrophysical Applications.- VIII General Remarks.- § 1. Oort’s Antievolutionary Hypothesis.- § 2. Is There a Relationship Between the Rotational Momentum of an Elliptical Galaxy and the Degree of Oblateness?.- § 3. General Principles of the Construction of Models of Spherically Symmetric Systems.- § 4. Lynden-Bell’s Collisionless Relaxation.- § 5. Estimates of “Collisionlessness” of Particles in Different Real Systems.- IX Spherical Systems.- § 1. A Brief Description of Observational Data.- 1.1. Globular Star Clusters.- 1.2. Spherical Galaxies.- 1.3. Compact Galactic Clusters.- § 2. Classification of Unstable Modes in Scales.- § 3. Universal Criterion of the Instability.- § 4. Specificity of the Effects of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Perturbations on the System’s Evolution.- § 5. Results of Numerical Experiments for Systems with Parameters Providing Strong Supercriticality.- § 6. Example of Strongly Unstable Model.- § 7. Can Lynden-Bell’s Intermixing Mechanism Be Observed Against a Background of Strong Instability ?.- § 8. Is the “Unstable” Distribution of Stellar Density Really Unstable (in the Hydrodynamical Sense) in the Neighborhood of a “Black Hole”?.- X Ellipsoidal Systems.- § 1. Objects Under Study.- § 2. Elliptical Galaxies.- 2.1. Why Are Elliptical Galaxies More Oblate than E7 Absent?.- 2.2. Comparison of the Observed Oblatenesses of S- and SO-Galaxies with the Oblateness of E-Galaxies.- 2.3. Two Possible Solutions of the Problem.- 2.4. The Boundary of the Anisotropic (Fire-Hose) Instability Determines the Critical Value of Oblateness.- 2.5. Universal Criterion of Instability.- §3. SB-Galaxies.- 3.1. The Main Problem.- 3.2. Detection in NGC 4027 of Counterflows as Predicted by Freeman.- 3.3. Stability of Freeman Models of SB-Galaxies with Observed Oblateness.- XI Disk-like Systems. Spiral Structure.- § 1. Different Points of View on the Nature of Spiral Structure.- § 2. Resonant Interaction of the Spiral Wave with Stars of the Galaxy.- 2.1. Derivation of Expressions for the Angular Momentum and Energy of the Spiral Wave.- 2.2. Physical Mechanisms of Energy and Angular Momentum Exchange Between the Spiral Waves and the Resonant Stars.- § 3. The Linear Theory of Stationary Density Waves.- 3.1. The Primary Idea of Lin and Shu of the Stationary Density Waves.- 3.2. The Spiral Galaxy as an Infinite System of Harmonic Oscillators.- 3.3. On “Two-Armness” of the Spiral Structure.- 3.4. The Main Difficulties of the Stationary Wave Theory of Lin and Shu.- §4. Linear Theory of Growing Density Waves.- 4.1. Spiral Structure as the Most Unstable Mode.- 4.2. Gravitational Instability at the Periphery of Galaxies.- 4.3. Waves of Negative Energy Generated Near the Corotation Circle and Absorbed at the Inner Lindblad Resonance—Lynden-BellKalnaj’s Picture of Spiral Pattern Maintenance.- 4.4. Kelvin–Helmholz Instability and Flute-like Instability in the Near-Nucleus Region of the Galaxy as Possible Generators of Spiral Structure.- 4.5. The “Trailing” Character of Spiral Arms.- § 5. Comparison of the Lin–Shu Theory with Observations.- 5. 1 The Galaxy.- 5.2. M33, M51, M81.- § 6. Experimental Simulation of Spiral Structure Generation.- 6. 1 In a Rotating Laboratory Plasma.- 6.2. In Numerical Experiment.- § 7. The Hypothesis of the Origin of Spirals in the SB-Galaxies.- XII Other Applications.- § 1 On the Structure of Saturn’s Rings.- l.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Model. Basic Equations.- 1.3. Jeans Instability.- 1.4. Dissipative Instabilities.- 1.5. Modulational Instability.- Appendix. Derivation of the Expression for the Perturbation Energy of Maclaurin’s Ellipsoid.- § 2. On the Law of Planetary Distances.- §3. Galactic Plane Bending.- 3.1. Quasistationary Tidal Deformation.- 3.2. Free Modes of Oscillations.- 3.3. Close Passage.- § 4. Instabilities in Collisions of Elementary Particles.- § 1. Collisionless Kinetic Equation and Poisson Equation in Different Coordinate Systems.- § 2. Separation of Angular Variables in the Problem of Small Perturbations of Spherically Symmetrical Collisionless Systems.- § 3. Statistical Simulation of Stellar Systems.- 3.1. Simulation of Stellar Spheres of the First Camm Series.- 3.2. Simulation of Homogeneous Nonrotating Ellipsoids.- § 4. The Matrix Formulation of the Problem of Eigenoscillations of a Spherically-Symmetrical Collisionless System.- § 5. The Matrix Formulation of the Problem of Eigenoscillations of Collisionless Disk Systems.- 5.1. The Main Ideas of the Derivation of the Matrix Equation.- 5.2. “Lagrange” Derivation of the Matrix Equation.- § 6. Derivation of the Dispersion Equation for Perturbations of the Three-Axial Freeman Ellipsoid.- § 7. WKB Solutions of the Poisson Equation Taking into Account the Preexponential Terms and Solution of the Kinetic Equation in the Postepicyclic Approximation.- 7.1. The Relation Between the Potential and the Surface Density.- 7.2. Calculations of the Response of a Stellar Disk to an Imposed Perturbation of the Potential.- § 8. On the Derivation of the Nonlinear Dispersion Equation for Collisionless Disk.- § 9. Calculation of the Matrix Elements for the Three-Waves Interaction.- § 10. Derivation of the Formulas for the Boundaries of Wave Numbers Range Which May Take Part in a Decay.- §11. Derivation of the Kinetic Equation for Waves.- § 12. Table of Non-Jeans Instabilities (with a Short Summary).- References.- Additional References.

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Book SynopsisDie Funktechnik ermöglicht die Ausweitung der astronomischen Beobachtungen über das Licht hinaus auf andere Frequenzbereiche. Dies führte zur Entdeckung zahlreicher kosmischer Radioquellen, deren physikalische Ursachen erläutert werden, ebenso die Funktionsweise eines Radioteleskops. Schon mit kleinen Radioteleskopen kann die Strahlung der Sonne und anderer Radioquellen sowie die 21-cm-Strahlung aus der Milchstraße beobachtet werden. Durch Interferometrie kann eine wesentlich höhere Auflösung als mit einzelnen Radioteleskopen erzielt werden. Dadurch kann die radioastronomische Forschung zu vielen aktuellen Fragen der Astronomie, Kosmologie und Physik beitragen.

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Book SynopsisThis 6th edition of “Tools of Radio Astronomy”, the most used introductory text in radio astronomy, has been revised to reflect the current state of this important branch of astronomy. This includes the use of satellites, low radio frequencies, the millimeter/sub-mm universe, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the increased importance of mm/sub-mm dust emission. Several derivations and presentations of technical aspects of radio astronomy and receivers, such as receiver noise, the Hertz dipole and beam forming have been updated, expanded, re-worked or complemented by alternative derivations. These reflect advances in technology. The wider bandwidths of the Jansky-VLA and long wave arrays such as LOFAR and mm/sub-mm arrays such as ALMA required an expansion of the discussion of interferometers and aperture synthesis. Developments in data reduction algorithms have been included. As a result of the large amount of data collected in the past 20 years, the discussion of solar system radio astronomy, dust emission, and radio supernovae has been revisited. The chapters on spectral line emission have been updated to cover measurements of the neutral hydrogen radiation from the early universe as well as measurements with new facilities. Similarly the discussion of molecules in interstellar space has been expanded to include the molecular and dust emission from protostars and very cold regions. Several worked examples have been added in the areas of fundamental physics, such as pulsars. Both students and practicing astronomers will appreciate this new up-to-date edition of Tools of Radio Astronomy. Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen zur 6.Auflage: “... Studenten und Absolventen einschlägiger Fachrichtungen ist das Buch auch fur Quereinsteiger und Amateure geeignet, die ernsthaft in dieses Fachgebiet eindringen wollen.“ (in: Funkamateur, Heft 5, 2014)Table of ContentsRadio Astronomical Fundamentals.- ElectromagneticWave Propagation Fundamentals.- Wave Polarization.- Signal Processing and Receivers: Theory.- Practical Receiver Systems.- Fundamentals of Antenna Theory.- Practical Aspects of Filled Aperture Antennas.- Single Dish Observational Methods.- Interferometers and Aperture Synthesis.- Emission Mechanisms of Continuous Radiation.- Some Examples of Thermal and Nonthermal Radio Sources.- Spectral Line Fundamentals.- Line Radiation from Atoms.- Radio Recombination Lines.- Overview of Molecular Basics.- Molecules in Interstellar Space.- Some Useful Vector Relations & Fourier Transforms.- The Van Vleck Clipping Correction: One Bit Quantization.- Conventional Derivation of Square Law Detector Response & Receiver Noise.- The Reciprocity Theorem.- Filled Aperture Antennas.- The Hankel Transform.- Lists of Calibration Radio Sources.- The Mutual Coherence Function and van Cittert-Zernike Theorem.- Bibliography.- Index.

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Book Synopsis1. Deriving the paradox: original derivation of Hawking radiation.- 2. Alternative Derivations of Hawking Radiation.- 3. Is the information loss problem a paradox?.- 4. Alternative theory for the quantum black holeand the temperature of its quantum radiation.- 5. Paradox No More: How Stimulated Emission of Radiation Preserves Information Absorbed by Black Holes.

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Book Synopsis1. General-Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Equations: the bare essential.- 2. Solving the Einstein Equations Numerically.- 3. Equations of State for Neutron Star Simulations.- 4. GR-Athena++: magnetohydrodynamical evolution with dynamical space-time.- 5. KHARMA: Flexible, Portable Performance for GRMHD.

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