Astronomical observation Books
Springer International Publishing AG Astrophotography on the Go: Using Short Exposures with Light Mounts
Book SynopsisNo longer are heavy, sturdy, expensive mounts and tripods required to photograph deep space. With today's advances in technology, all that is required is an entry-DSLR and an entry level GoTo telescope. Here is all of the information needed to start photographing the night sky without buying expensive tracking mounts. By using multiple short exposures and combining them with mostly ‘freeware’ computer programs, the effect of image rotation can be minimized to a point where it is undetectable in normal astrophotography, even for a deep-sky object such as a galaxy or nebula. All the processes, techniques, and equipment needed to use inexpensive, lightweight altazimuth and equatorial mounts and very short exposures photography to image deep space objects are explained, step-by-step, in full detail, supported by clear, easy to understand graphics and photographs.Currently available lightweight mounts and tripods are identified and examined from an economic versus capability perspective to help users determine what camera, telescope, and mount is the best fit for them. A similar analysis is presented for entry-level telescopes and mounts sold as bundled packages by the telescope manufacturers. This book lifts the veil of mystery from the creation of deep space photographs and makes astrophotography affordable and accessible to most amateur astronomers.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Short Review of Astronomy Basics.- Planetary and Lunar Imaging.- Very Short Exposure Astrophotography.- Computers.- Lightweight Altzimuth and Equatorial Mount Economics.- Altazimuth Astrophotography System.- Chapter 8: Astrophotography with a Lightweight Equatorial Mount.- Piggy-back Photography.- Astrophotography in Light-polluted Urban Areas.- DeepSky Stacker.- Processing Very Short Exposures.- Objects in the Night Sky to Photograph.- Portable Observatories.- How to Get 45 to 90 Second Exposures with a 4/5SE Mount.- How to Strengthen Tripods.- Index.
£39.99
Springer International Publishing AG Astronomical Discoveries You Can Make, Too!: Replicating the Work of the Great Observers
Book SynopsisYou too can follow in the steps of the great astronomers such as Hipparchus, Galileo, Kepler and Hubble, who all contributed so much to our modern understanding of the cosmos. This book gives the student oramateur astronomer the following tools to replicate some of these seminal observations from their own homes: With your own eyes: Use your own observations and measurements to discover and confirm the phenomena of the seasons, the analemma and the equation of time, the logic behind celestial coordinates, and even the precession of the equinoxes. With a consumer-grade digital camera: Record the changing brightness of an eclipsing binary star and show that a pulsating star changes color as it brightens and dims. Add an inexpensive diffraction grating to your camera and see the variety of spectral features in the stars, and demonstrate that the Sun’s spectrum is similar to one particular type of stellar spectrum. With a backyard telescope: Add a CCD imager and you can measure the scale of the Solar System and the distance to a nearby star. You could even measure the distance to another galaxy and observe the cosmological redshift of the expanding universe. Astronomical Discoveries You Can Make, Too! doesn’t just tell you about the development of astronomy; it shows you how to discover for yourself the essential features of the universe.Trade Review“This is one of the most genuinely exciting new astronomy books I’ve seen in a long time. It shows you, for example, how you can use Galileo’s method to work out the height of mountains on the moon. … The time commitment and equipment requirements for each project are well set out, and the projects are well explained. … this book a treat for the armchair astronomer, but a real treasure trove for a team of committed explorers.” (Andy Sawers, Astronomy Now, February, 2016)Table of ContentsMotions and Positions in the Sky.- The Moon.- The Planets.- The Stars.- Astrophysics and Cosmology.- Appendices.
£41.84
Springer International Publishing AG The Physical Processes and Observing Techniques of Radio Astronomy: An Introduction
Book SynopsisThis is a textbook for undergraduate courses on radio astronomy. Written by an active professor and researcher in the field, it begins by explaining why conducting observations at radio frequencies is so important, then reviews essential physics concepts corresponding to a sophomore-level curriculum or higher. Next, the book introduces students to single dish telescopes and interferometers. The most commonly encountered emission mechanisms seen in radio astronomy are then explained, along with examples of astronomical sources broadly divided into the types of sources seen in galactic and extragalactic observations. Each chapter provides examples and exercises suitable for homework assignments. Also included is an appendix of useful supplementary material. Altogether, the book is a comprehensive, yet digestible starting point for physics and astronomy undergraduates looking to understand the basics of radio astronomy.Trade Review“Radio astronomy is increasingly accessible as part of the undergraduate teaching curriculum, both as a practical activity and as part of the broader study of astrophysics. … it is well illustrated with colour figures, has a good set of sample problems with answers … . For those looking for a short one-volume text, it is certainly worth considering.” (Martin Hardcastle, The Observatory, Vol. 141 (1284), October, 2021)Table of ContentsChapter1. Introduction: Why Make Observations at Radio Frequencies?.- Chapter2. Angles, Gravity, Light, The Bohr Model of the Atom and Relativity.- Chapter3. Emission Mechanisms: Blackbody Radiation, An Introduction to Radiative Transfer, Synchrotron Radiation, Thermal Bremsstrahlung and Molecular Transitions.- Chapter4. Radio Observations: An Introduction to Fourier Transforms, Observing Through Earth’s Atmosphere, Single Dish Telescopes and Interferometers.- Chapter5. Solar System Radio Astronomy: The Sun, The Planets, The Moon and Minor Bodies.- Chapter6. Galactic Radio Astronomy: Galactic Structure, HII Regions, Supernova Remnants, Neutron Stars and Pulsars.- Chapter7. Extragalactic Radio Astronomy: Galaxy Classification, Active Galactic Nuclei, Superluminal Motion, Galaxy Clusters and the Microwave Background.
£42.74
Springer International Publishing AG Deep Sky Observing: An Astronomical Tour
Book SynopsisThis updated second edition has all of the information needed for your successful forays into deep sky observing. Coe uses his years of experience to give detailed practical advice about how to find the best observing site, how to make the most of the time spent there, and what equipment and instruments to take along. There are comprehensive lists of deep sky objects of all kinds, along with Steve's own observations describing how they look through telescopes with apertures ranging from 4 inches to 36 inches (0.1 - 0.9 meters).Binocular observing also gets its due, while the lists of objects have been amended to highlight only the best targets. A new index makes finding targets easier than ever before, while the selection of viewing targets has been revised from the first edition. Most of all, this book is all about how to enjoy astronomy. The author's enthusiasm and sense of wonder shine through every page as he invites you along on a tour of some of the most beautiful and fascinating sites in the deep sky, with the improved object list making sure your choice of a faint cluster, hazy nebula or distant galaxy will all be equally rewarding.Trade Review“The definitive guide to observing deep sky objects such as globular clusters, galaxies, planetary nebulae and supernova remnants. … it gives answers to lots of practical questions that you haven't even realized you wanted to know such as why you should invite other people to observe with you, or share your hobby with others, or how could a computer be helpful with deep sky objects.” (AstroMadness.com, December, 2016)“This is a book aimed at fairly serious stargazers, even though the tone and some chapters seem suited for beginners. … Summing Up: Recommended. Professionals and practitioners.” (D. J. Van Domelen, Choice, Vol. 54 (3), November, 2016)Table of ContentsWho Can Benefit from This Book?.- Why Should You Listen to Me?.- How Do I Find the Best Observing Site?.- How Do I Maximize My Time While Observing?.- What Other Accessories Are Useful?.- Why Should I Take Notes While Observing?.- How Can I Find All These Deep-Sky Goodies when the Sky is So Huge?.- Any Other Tips?.- What Can I Observe in Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way?.- What Can I Observe in a Cluster of Galaxies?.- What Are All These Different Types of Nebulae, and What Details Can I See in Them with My Telescope?.- What Can Be Seen Within Planetary Nebulae?.- What Can Be Seen in an Open Star Cluster?.- What Can Be Observed in Globular Clusters?.- Why Would I Want to Use Binoculars to View the Sky?.- How Can I Use a Computer to Help Me Enjoy Deep-Sky Observing?.- Why Should I Set Up the Scope for a Public Viewing Session?.- Which Books on Astronomy Should I Get?.- A Magical Evening.
£34.99
Springer International Publishing AG Merz Telescopes: A global heritage worth
Book SynopsisThis book comprises a fascinating collection of contributions on the Merz telescopes in Italy that collectively offer the first survey on historical large refracting telescopes in the country, drawing on original documents and photographs. It opens with a general introduction on the importance of Merz telescopes in the history of astronomy and analyses of the local and international contexts in which the telescopes were made. After examination of an example of the interaction between the maker and the astronomer in the construction and maintenance of these refractors, the history of the Merz telescopes at the main Italian observatories in the nineteenth century is described in detail. Expert testimony is also provided on how these telescopes were successfully used until the second half of the twentieth century for research purposes, thus proving their excellent optical qualities.Trade Review“This volume will be of a valuable resource to all those interested in nineteenth-century telescopes. The editor and contributors also deserve credit for putting forward this effort to better understand, contextualize and preserve the instruments produced by the Merz enterprise, an effort that will hopefully be continued.” (Pedro M.P. Raposo, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 49 (02), May, 2018)“This is a multi-author work, edited by Ileana Chinnici, and all the chapters are well written and highly informative. There are plenty of illustrations, in both colour and black & white, most of which I had not seen before.” (Richard McKim, The Observatory, Vol. 137 (1260), October, 2017)Table of ContentsIntroduction: the role of Merz telescopes in Italian astronomy - by Ileana Chinnici.- The Merz Company: a Global Player of the 19th Century - by Jurgen Kost & Gudrun Wolfschmidt.- 1850-1900: The Era of Very Large Refractors - by Paolo Brenni.- The maker and the scientist: the relationship between Georg Merz and the Jesuit astronomer Angelo Secchi - by Ileana Chinnici.- Visual double stars measurements with Merz refractors: some statistics - by Giuseppe Massone.- Padua Astronomical Observatory and Merz Workshop: a special connection - by Valeria Zanini.- Merz instruments at Naples Observatory -by Mauro Gargano.- Merz Telescopes at Brera - by Mario Carpino.- Merz telescopes at Rome Astronomical Observatories - by Aldo Altamore & Francesco Poppi.- Merz Telescopes at Catania Royal Astrophysical Observatory - by Andrea Orlando.- Appendix – A list of surviving Merz telescopes outside Italy - by P. Brenni and Ileana Chinnici.
£74.99
Springer International Publishing AG Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy
Book SynopsisThis book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.The third edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the second edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that affect array speed; and an expanded discussion of digital signal-processing techniques and of scintillation phenomena and the effects of atmospheric water vapor on image distortion, among many other topics.With its comprehensiveness and detailed exposition of all aspects of the theory and practice of radio interferometry and synthesis imaging, this book has established itself as a standard reference in the field. It begins with an overview of the basic principles of radio astronomy, a short history of the development of radio interferometry, and an elementary discussion of the operation of an interferometer. From this foundation, it delves into the underlying relationships of interferometry, sets forth the coordinate systems and parameters to describe synthesis imaging, and examines configurations of antennas for multielement synthesis arrays. Various aspects of the design and response of receiving systems are discussed, as well as the special requirements of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), image reconstruction, and recent developments in image enhancement techniques and astrometric observations. Also discussed are propagation effects in the media between the source and the observer, and radio interference, factors that limit performance. Related techniques are introduced, including intensity interferometry, optical interferometry, lunar occultations, tracking of satellites in Earth orbit, interferometry for remote Earth sensing, and holographic measurements of antenna surfaces. This book will benefit anyone who is interested in radio interferometry techniques for astronomy, astrometry, geodesy, or electrical engineering.Trade Review“The authors of the book under review here to present a comprehensive discussion of the principles and applications of ‘Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy.’ … the book delivers a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of interferometry and synthesis in a lucid and flowing tale that is a pleasure to read. The historical notes that are scattered throughout the text add flavor to the reading. … For all working in this field, the book is invaluable.” (Jacob W. M. Baars, The Radio Science Bulletin, Issue 361, June, 2017)Table of ContentsPreface.- Introduction and Historical Review.- Introductory Theory of Interferometry and Synthesis Imaging.- Analysis of the Interferometer Response.- Geometric Relationships and Polarimetry.- Antennas and Arrays.- Response of the Receiving System.- Design of the Analog Receiving System.- Digital Signal Processing.- Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry.- Calibration and Fourier Transformation of Visibility Data.- Deconvolution, Adaptive Calibration and Applications.- Interferometer Techniques for Astrometry and Geodesy.- Propagation Effects.- Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem, Spatial Coherence and Scattering.- Radio Interference.- Related Techniques.- Principal Symbols.- Index.
£39.59
Springer International Publishing AG Building and Using Binoscopes
Book SynopsisCovering both homemade and commercial products, this book provides the reader with simple and straightforward information about the modeling, building, and use of binoscopes. Binoscopes can be thought of as binoculars enlarged to the size of telescopes - essentially, a combination of the two. Constructing a binoscope is easier than most people think, but it still demands attention to detail and proper background knowledge. The author goes on to provide additional information about the products currently on the market, should the reader choose to purchase one instead of building it. Lastly, the book also compares binoscopes with telescopes in great detail, outlining the differences the reader can expect to see in the night sky from using both. The celestial views obtained with a binoscope, compared to a single telescope of the same aperture, are a very different experience.The new edition emphasizes the obvious advantages of viewing celestial objects through a binoscope. There are also many new photos and additional information on the latest equipment and some very special and rare equipment a collector might be interested in. Newly added cartoons and additional images of beautiful deep sky objects in each of the chapters makes reading the book a more enjoyable experience. Finally, there is a new comet discovery form and guide to follow for such discoveries, and a complete list of Messier objects for those interested in searching for these.Table of ContentsAbout the Author.- Why Binoscopes?- Optical Designs.- Binoculars Are Binoscopes.- Riverside Telescope Makers Conference (RTMC).- Homemade Binoscopes.- One of a Kind.- Odds and Ends.- Equatorial Drive Platforms.- Equatorial versus Altazimuth.- Binoculars of the Third Kind.- Appendix 1: Astronomical Formulae.- Appendix 2: Glossary.- Index.
£35.99
Springer International Publishing AG Astronomy of the Milky Way: The Observer’s Guide
Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume set that deal with the entire Milky Way. This first volume looks at what can be seen predominantly from the Northern Skies. In addition to the descriptive text, there are many star charts and maps, as well as the latest up-to-date images made by observatories around the world and in space, as well as images taken by amateur astronomers.Trade Review“This updated edition … of Astronomy of the Milky Way is intended as a guide for amateur optical astronomers seeking interesting objects to investigate with their telescopes. … The book is recommended for amateur stargazers. … Summing Up: Recommended. General readers.” (D. E. Hogg, Choice, Vol. 55 (4), December, 2017)Table of Contents2nd Edition Preface.- 1st Edition Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Author's Note.- Chapter 1 The Milky Way.- Chapter 2 The Milky Way: July - August.- Chapter 3 The Milky Way: September - October.- Chapter 4 The Milky Way: November - December.- Appendices. Index of Objects.
£31.34
Springer International Publishing AG Four Pillars of Radio Astronomy: Mills,
Book SynopsisThis is the story of Bernie Mills, Chris Christiansen, Paul Wild and Ron Bracewell, members of a team of radio astronomers that would lead Australia, and the world, into this new field of research. Each of the four is remembered for his remarkable work: Mills for the development the cross type instrument that now bears his name; Christiansen for the application of rotational synthesis techniques; Wild for the masterful joining of observations and theory to elicit the nature of the solar atmosphere; Bracewell for his contribution to imaging theory. As well, these Four Pillars are remembered for creating a remarkable environment for scientific discovery and for influencing the careers of future generations. Their pursuit of basic science helped pave the way for technological developments in areas ranging from Wi-Fi to sonar to medical imaging to air navigation, and for underpinning the foundations of modern cosmology and astrophysics.Trade Review“The book tells a highly readable story of four scientists/engineers who contributed to the development and high international standing of radio astronomy in Australia. … The book is abundantly filled with original photos and illustrations. I can recommend it to all radio astronomers that are old enough to have personally known the Four Pillars. It will be a good read to anyone with an interest in the development of science in post-war Australia … .” (Jacob W. M. Baars, The Radio Science Bulletin, Issue 365, June, 2018)“Four Pillars of Radio Astronomy: Mills, Christiansen, Wild, Bracewell, by R. H. Frater, W. M Goss, and H. W. Wendt, provides a fascinating window on the remarkable development of Australian radio astronomy in the decade following World War II. … The book is short, concise, entertaining, and very well illustrated.” (James Moran, Physics Today, Vol. 71 (09), 2017)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Early Years.- Pawsey – Grand old man of Radio Astronomy.- The Rebirth of Fleurs - Christiansen.- The Radioheliograph and Beyond - Wild.- The One Mile Cross - Mills.- A Transformed World - Bracewell.- Discussion.- Conclusions.
£28.49
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Optical 3D-Spectroscopy for Astronomy
Book SynopsisOver the last 50 years, a variety of techniques have been developed to add a third dimension to regular imaging, with an extended spectrum associated to every imaging pixel. Dubbed 3D spectroscopy from its data format, it is now widely used in the astrophysical domain, but also inter alia for atmospheric sciences and remote sensing purposes. This is the first book to comprehensively tackle these new capabilities. It starts with the fundamentals of spectroscopic instruments, in particular their potentials and limits. It then reviews the various known 3D techniques, with particular emphasis on pinpointing their different `ecological? niches. Putative users are finally led through the whole observing process, from observation planning to the extensive ? and crucial - phase of data reduction. This book overall goal is to give the non-specialist enough hands-on knowledge to learn fast how to properly use and produce meaningful data when using such a 3D capability.Table of ContentsForeword xi Acknowledgments xiii The Emergence of 3D Spectroscopy in Astronomy 1 Scientific Rationale 1 3D History 4 3D Technology 9 Part I 3D Instrumentation 11 1 The Spectroscopic Toolbox 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.1.1 Geometrical Optics # 101 13 1.1.2 Etendue Conservation 15 1.2 Basic Spectroscopic Principles 18 1.2.1 The Spectroscopic Case 18 1.3 Scanning Filters 20 1.3.1 Introduction 20 1.3.2 Interference Filters 22 1.3.3 Fabry–Pérot Filter 24 1.4 Dispersers 25 1.4.1 Prisms 25 1.4.2 Grating Principle 27 1.4.3 The Grating Spectrograph 28 1.4.4 Grating Species 29 1.4.5 Grating Etendue 30 1.4.6 Conclusion 31 1.5 2D Detectors 31 1.5.1 Introduction 31 1.5.2 The Photographic Plate 32 1.5.3 2D Optical Detectors 32 1.5.4 2D Infrared Arrays 35 1.5.5 Conclusion 35 1.6 Optics and Coatings 36 1.6.1 Introduction to Optics 36 1.6.2 Optical Computation 37 1.6.3 Optical Fabrication 40 1.6.4 Anti-Reflection Coatings 42 1.6.5 High Reflectivity Coatings 43 1.6.6 Conclusions 44 1.7 Mechanics, Cryogenics and Electronics 45 1.7.1 Mechanical Design 45 1.7.2 Alignments 48 1.7.3 Cryogenics 48 1.7.4 Electronics and Control System 49 1.8 Management, Timeline, and Cost 50 1.9 Conclusion 52 2 Multiobject Spectroscopy 61 2.1 Introduction 61 2.1.1 MOS History: The Pioneers 61 2.1.2 MOS History: The Digital Age 62 2.1.3 MOS Flavors 62 2.2 Slitless Based Multi-Object Spectroscopy 62 2.2.1 Slitless Spectroscopy Concept 62 2.2.2 Slitless Spectroscopic Systems 64 2.3 Multislit-Based Multiobject Spectroscopy 64 2.3.1 Multislit Concept 64 2.3.2 Multislit Holders 66 2.3.3 Multislit Systems 69 2.3.4 Multislit Instruments 70 2.4 Fiber-Based Multiobject Spectroscopy 70 2.4.1 Multifiber Concept 70 2.4.2 Positioning Systems 71 2.4.3 Fiber-Based Spectrograph 75 2.4.4 Fiber Systems Performance 75 2.4.5 Present Multifiber Facilities 76 2.4.6 Conclusion 77 3 Scanning Imaging Spectroscopy 81 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 Scanning Long-Slit Spectroscopy 81 3.2.1 The Scanning Long-Slit Spectroscopy Concept 81 3.2.2 Astronomical Use 82 3.3 Scanning Fabry–Pérot Spectroscopy 83 3.3.1 Introduction 83 3.3.2 Fixed Fabry–Pérot Concept 83 3.3.3 Scanning Fabry–Pérot 85 3.4 Scanning Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 88 3.4.1 Fourier Transform Spectrometer 88 3.4.2 Fourier Transform Spectrograph 90 3.5 Conclusion: Comparing the Different Scanning Flavors 91 4 Integral Field Spectroscopy 95 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 Lenslet-Based Integral Field Spectrometer 95 4.3 Fiber-Based Integral Field Spectrometer 102 4.3.1 The Fiber-Based IFS Concept 102 4.3.2 The Fiber-Based IFS Development 103 4.3.3 Conclusion 103 4.4 Slicer-Based Integral Field Spectrograph 104 4.4.1 Introduction 104 4.4.2 Integral Field Spectroscopy from Space 107 4.5 Conclusion: Comparing the Different IFS Flavors 108 5 Recent Trends in Integral Field Spectroscopy 115 5.1 Introduction 115 5.2 High-Contrast Integral Field Spectrometer 115 5.2.1 Exoplanet Detection 115 5.2.2 High-Contrast Integral Field Spectrometer 116 5.3 Wide-Field Integral Field Spectroscopy 117 5.3.1 The Rationale for Wide-Field Integral Field Spectroscopy 117 5.3.2 Current Wide-Field Projects 117 5.3.3 Wide-Field Systems 3D Format 119 5.4 An Example: Autopsy of the MUSE Wide-Field Instrument 120 5.4.1 MUSE Concept 120 5.4.2 MUSE Approach 120 5.4.3 MUSE Conclusions 122 5.4.4 Validity of the Multi-instrument Approach 123 5.5 Deployable Multiobject Integral Field Spectroscopy 123 5.5.1 Concept 123 5.5.2 The First Deployable Integral Field Units System 124 5.5.3 Near Infra-Red Deployable Integral Field Units 124 5.5.4 Deployable Multi-Integral Field Systems: Conclusion 126 6 Comparing the Various 3D Techniques 129 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 3D Spectroscopy Grasp Invariant Principle 129 6.3 3-D Techniques Practical Differences 130 6.3.1 Packing Efficiency 130 6.3.2 Observational Efficiency 131 6.4 A Tentative Rating 133 7 Future Trends in 3D Spectroscopy 137 7.1 3D Instrumentation for the ELTs 137 7.2 Photonics-Based Spectrograph 138 7.2.1 OH Suppression Filter 138 7.2.2 Photonics Dispersers 141 7.2.3 Photonics Fourier Transform Spectrometer 141 7.2.4 Analysis 142 7.3 Quest for the Grail: Toward 3D Detectors? 144 7.3.1 Introduction 144 7.3.2 Photon-Counting 3D Detectors 144 7.3.3 Integrating 3D Detector 145 7.4 Conclusion 146 7.5 For Further Reading 146 Part II Using 3D Spectroscopy 151 8 Data Properties 153 8.1 Introduction 153 8.2 Data Sampling and Resolution 153 8.2.1 Spatial Sampling and Resolution 154 8.2.2 Spectral Sampling and Resolution 155 8.3 Noise Properties 158 9 Impact of Atmosphere 167 9.1 Introduction 167 9.2 Basic Seeing Principles 168 9.2.1 What is Astronomical Seeing? 168 9.2.2 Seeing Properties 170 9.3 Seeing-Limited Observations 172 9.3.1 Seeing Impact on 3D Instruments 172 9.4 Adaptive Optics Corrected Observations 173 9.4.1 The Need for Overcoming Atmospheric Turbulence 173 9.4.2 Adaptive Optics Correction Principle 173 9.4.3 Adaptive Optics Components 176 9.4.4 Adaptive Optics: The Optical Domain Curse 178 9.4.5 Addressing the Lack of Reference Stars 179 9.4.6 Addressing the Small Field Limitation 182 9.4.7 Large Field Partial AO Correction 183 9.4.8 AO-Based Scanning Interferometers 184 9.4.9 AO-Based Slit Spectrographs 185 9.4.10 AO-Based Integral Field Spectrographs 185 9.4.11 AO-Based Near-IR Multiobject Integral Field Spectrographs 187 9.4.12 Deriving AO-Corrected Point-Spread Functions 188 9.4.13 Conclusion 188 9.4.14 For Further Reading 189 9.5 Other Atmosphere Impacts 189 9.5.1 Atmospheric Extinction 189 9.5.2 Atmospheric Refraction 189 9.5.3 Night Sky Emission 191 9.6 Space-Based Observations 192 9.6.1 The Case for Space-Based Observations 192 9.6.2 Why all Telescopes are not Space Telescopes 193 9.7 Conclusion 194 10 Data Gathering 199 10.1 Introduction 199 10.2 Planning Observations 199 10.3 Estimating Observing Time 200 10.4 Observing Strategy 204 10.5 At the Telescope 206 10.6 Conclusion 209 11 Data Reduction 213 11.1 Introduction 213 11.2 Basics 214 11.3 Specific Cases 216 11.3.1 Slitless Multiobject Spectrograph 216 11.3.2 Scanning Fabry–Pérot Spectrograph 216 11.3.3 Scanning Fourier Transform Spectrograph 217 11.3.4 Getting Noise Variance Estimation 217 11.3.5 Minimizing Systematics 218 11.4 Data Reduction Example: The MUSE Scheme 219 11.4.1 Detector Calibration 221 11.4.2 Flat-Field Calibrations and Trace Mask 222 11.4.3 Wavelength Calibrations 224 11.4.4 Geometrical Calibration 225 11.4.5 Basic Science Extraction and Pixel Tables 226 11.4.6 Differential Atmospheric Correction 226 11.4.7 Sky Subtraction 228 11.4.8 Spectrophotometric and Astrometric Calibrations 229 11.4.9 Data-Cube Creation 232 11.4.10 Data Quality 233 11.5 Conclusion 236 12 Data Analysis 237 12.1 Introduction 237 12.2 Handling Data Cubes 237 12.2.1 The Spectral View 238 12.2.2 The Spatial View 239 12.2.3 The 3D View 239 12.3 Viewing Data Cubes 240 12.4 Conclusion 241 12.5 Further Reading 243 13 Conclusions 245 13.1 Conclusions 245 13.2 General-Use Instruments 245 13.3 Team-Use Instruments 250 13.4 The Bumpy Road to Success 251 References 253 Index 269
£114.26
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Sternbilderkunde: Himmelskarten, Himmelskörper,
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Himmelskarten.- Die Auswahl der richtigen Himmelskarte.- Wie man die Himmelskarte benutzt.- Die Helligkeit der Sterne.- Die scheinbare Bewegung der Fixsterne.- Der Sternenhimmel in verschiedenen geographischen Breiten.- Kartenteil.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 90° und + 60°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 60° und + 30°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen + 30° und 0°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen 0° und - 30°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen - 30° und - 60°.- Himmelskarten für geographische Breiten zwischen - 60° und - 90°.- 2 Himmelskörper.- Fixsterne und Planeten.- Kometen.- Sternschnuppen.- Größe des Sonnensystems.- Unsere Galaxie.- Veränderliche Sterne.- Planetarische Nebel.- Doppelsterne.- Sternhaufen.- Die Größe unserer Galaxie 89 Die anderen Galaxien.- 3 Die Sternbilder.- Kartenteil.- Achterschiff.- Adler.- Altar.- Andromeda.- Bärenhüter.- Becher.- Bildhauerwerkstatt.- Cepheus.- Chamäleon.- Chemischer Ofen.- Delphin.- Drache.- Dreieck.- Eidechse.- Einhorn.- Fernrohr.- Fische.- Fliege.- Fliegender Fisch.- Fluß Eridanus.- Fuchs.- Fuhrmann.- Füllen.- Giraffe.- Goldfisch.- Grabstichel.- Großer Bär.- Großer Hund.- Haar der Berenike.- Hase.- Herkules.- Inder.- Jagdhunde.- Jungfrau.- Kassiopeia.- Kiel des Schiffes.- Kleiner Bär.- Kleiner Hund.- Kleiner Löwe.- Kranich.- Krebs.- Kreuz.- Leier.- Löwe.- Luchs.- Luftpumpe.- Malerstaffelei.- Mikroskop.- Netz.- Nördliche Krone.- Nördliche Wasserschlange.- Oktant.- Orion.- Paradiesvogel.- Pegasus.- Pendeluhr.- Perseus.- Pfau.- Pfeil.- Phönix.- Rabe.- Schiffskompaß.- Schlange.- Schlangenträger.- Schütze.- Schwan.- Segel des Schiffes.- Sextant.- Skorpion.- Sobieskischer Schild.- Steinbock.- Stier.- Südliches Dreieck.- Südlicher Fisch.- Südliche Krone.- Südliche Wasserschlange.- Tafelberg.- Taube.- Tukan.- Waage.- Walfisch.- Wassermann.- Widder.- Winkelmaß.- Wolf.- Zentaur.- Zirkel.- Zwillinge.- Verzeichnisse und Zusammenstellungen.- Verzeichnis der Sternbildnamen.- Verzeichnis der Sternbilder.- Doppelsterne und Mehrfachsysteme.- Veränderliche Sterne.- Offene Sternhaufen, Kugelsternhaufen, Nebel, Galaxien.- Meteorströme.- Schrifttum und Quellen.- Register.- Gesamtregister.- Register der Sternbildnamen.- Register der Sternennamen und der besonderen.- Objekte.
£53.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Astroparticle Physics
Book SynopsisDescribes the branch of astronomy in which processes in the universe are investigated with experimental methods employed in particle-physics experiments. After a historical introduction the basics of elementary particles, Explains particle interactions and the relevant detection techniques, while modern aspects of astroparticle physics are described in a chapter on cosmology. Provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might seek and appreciate because the underlying physics fundamentals are presented with little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams. Readers have a chance to enter this field of astronomy with a book that closes the gap between expert and popular level.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "In astroparticle physics techniques known from particle physics experiments are applied to investigate the universe … . Grupen presents an introduction and overview of the main ideas and concepts of this rapidly growing field of research. Written in a very clear and readable fashion it is accessible to a broad audience. … is enriched with many diagrams and illustrations, increasing the readability of the text. … Grupen’s book is really a must-have for anyone looking for a good starting point in … astroparticle physics." (Michael Tytgat, Physicalia, Vol. 28 (4-6), 2006) "Astroparticle Physics is a timely attempt to describe the status of a booming field at the interface of astrophysics, particle physics, and cosmology that has produced so many exciting results over the past few years. The format of the book, with the wide margin for keywords and figures, the extensive glossary, and the problems for each section (with detailed solutions), make it very readable and provide a good starting point for undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in astroparticle physics." (Johannes Knapp, The Observatory, Vol. 126 (1192), 2006) "This book … covers a wide range and requires a good grounding in modern physics to be useful. … Included are a mathematical appendix and an appendix on the results from statistical physics necessary to understand the thermodynamics of the early universe. These additions make the book a good introduction to this rapidly moving subject. Each chapter offers problems with solutions, and a 26-page comprehensive index and references are included. A very useful book for the right reader. Summing Up: Recommended." (K. W. Ogilvie, CHOICE, March, 2006) "Claus Grupen provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the main ideas and terminology of the study of elementary particles originating from astrophysical objects. … The style and presentation of the material make the book accessible to a broad audience … . A good selection of simple exercises with solution increases its pedagogical value and makes it suitable as a textbook for an undergraduate course. Non-specialists who want to follow the main issues of current research in the field … also benefit from Grupen’s book." (Marcello Lissia, CERN Courier, Vol. 46 (1), 2006) "In the present context, Astroparticle Physics consists of the studies of charged cosmic rays, neutrinos, gamma rays, X-rays and cosmology. … The index is magnificent and there is a good, relevant, mathematical appendix plus a glossary of terms which is actually useful. Best of all, there are worthwhile problems at the end of each chapter, complete with full solutions at the end of the book. … this is a well written, well produced, text for a new field at a reasonable price." (Roger Clay, Australian Physics, Vol. 42 (5), 2005)Table of ContentsHistorical Introduction.- The Standard Model of Elementary Particles.- Kinematics and Cross Sections.- Physics of Particle and Radiation Detection.- Acceleration Mechanisms.- Primary Cosmic Rays.- Secondary Cosmic Rays.- Cosmology.- The Early Universe.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.- The Cosmic Microwave Background.- Inflation.- Dark Matter.- Astrobiology.- Outlook.- Solutions.
£52.24
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Theory of Orbits: Volume 1: Integrable Systems
Book SynopsisHalf a century ago, S. Chandrasekhar wrote these words in the preface to his l celebrated and successful book: In this monograph an attempt has been made to present the theory of stellar dy namics as a branch of classical dynamics - a discipline in the same general category as celestial mechanics. [ ... J Indeed, several of the problems of modern stellar dy namical theory are so severely classical that it is difficult to believe that they are not already discussed, for example, in Jacobi's Vorlesungen. Since then, stellar dynamics has developed in several directions and at var ious levels, basically three viewpoints remaining from which to look at the problems encountered in the interpretation of the phenomenology. Roughly speaking, we can say that a stellar system (cluster, galaxy, etc.) can be con sidered from the point of view of celestial mechanics (the N-body problem with N » 1), fluid mechanics (the system is represented by a material con tinuum), or statistical mechanics (one defines a distribution function for the positions and the states of motion of the components of the system).Trade ReviewFrom the reviews "The book is ... didactically written and contains topics from classical to most modern ones, treated rigorously by indicating where complete proofs are to be found."Zentralblatt für Mathematik, 1999Table of Contents— The Theory of Orbits from Epicycles to “Chaos”.- 1. Dynamics and Dynamical Systems — Quod Satis.- 2. The Two-Body Problem.- 3. The N-Body Problem.- 4. The Three-Body Problem.- 5. Orbits in Given Potentials.- Mathematical Appendix.- A.1 Spherical Trigonometry.- A.2 Curvilinear Coordinate Systems.- A.3 Riemannian Geometry.- Bibliographical Notes.- Name Index.
£75.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Satellite Orbits: Models, Methods and
Book SynopsisThis modern presentation guides readers through the theory and practice of satellite orbit prediction and determination. Starting from the basic principles of orbital mechanics, it covers elaborate force models as well as precise methods of satellite tracking. The accompanying CD-ROM includes source code in C++ and relevant data files for applications. The result is a powerful and unique spaceflight dynamics library, which allows users to easily create software extensions. An extensive collection of frequently updated Internet resources is provided through WWW hyperlinks.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Not many books on the topic of satellite orbits over the past decades have been informative, comprehensive and practical. I am happy to say that this publication does fall into that category. [...] This book should certainly be in the library of students and scientists working in the fields of navigation, geodesy, and spaceflight technology, as well as satellite engineers and operators focusing on spaceflight dynamics." (The Observatory, 2001) "Satellite Orbits: Models, Methods, and Application would be a valuable addition to the library of any engineer or scientist interested in the practical aspects of orbit prediction and determination. [...] The comprehensive reference list along with the CD supplied codes make this book unique in this area." (Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2002)Table of ContentsAround the World in a Hundred Minutes.- Introductory Astrodynamics.- Force Model.- Numerical Integration.- Time and Reference Systems.- Satellite Tracking and Observation Models.- Linearization.- Orbit Determination and Parameter Estimation.- Applications.
£66.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Basic Stochastic Processes: A Course Through
Book SynopsisStochastic processes are tools used widely by statisticians and researchers working in the mathematics of finance. This book for self-study provides a detailed treatment of conditional expectation and probability, a topic that in principle belongs to probability theory, but is essential as a tool for stochastic processes. The book centers on exercises as the main means of explanation.Trade ReviewThis book fulfils its aim of providing good and interesting material for advanced undergraduate study. The Times Higher Education Supplement This is probably one of the best books to begin learning about the sometimes complex topic of stochastic calculus and stochastic processes from a more mathematical approach. Some literature are often accused of unnecessarily complicating the subject when applied to areas of finance. With this book you are allowed to explore the rigorous side of stochastic calculus, yet maintain a physical insight of what is going on. The authors have concentrated on the most important and useful topics that are encountered in common physical and financial systems www.quantnotes.com Table of Contents1. Review of Probability.- 1.1 Events and Probability.- 1.2 Random Variables.- 1.3 Conditional Probability and Independence.- 1.4 Solutions.- 2. Conditional Expectation.- 2.1 Conditioning on an Event.- 2.2 Conditioning on a Discrete Random Variable.- 2.3 Conditioning on an Arbitrary Random Variable.- 2.4 Conditioning on a ?-Field.- 2.5 General Properties.- 2.6 Various Exercises on Conditional Expectation.- 2.7 Solutions.- 3. Martingales in Discrete.- 3.1 Sequences of Random Variables.- 3.2 Filtrations.- 3.3 Martingales.- 3.4 Games of Chance.- 3.5 Stopping Times.- 3.6 Optional Stopping Theorem.- 3.7 Solutions.- 4. Martingale Inequalities and Convergence.- 4.1 Doob’s Martingale Inequalities.- 4.2 Doob’s Martingale Convergence Theorem.- 4.3 Uniform Integrability and L1 Convergence of Martingales.- 4.4 Solutions.- 5. Markov Chains.- 5.1 First Examples and Definitions.- 5.2 Classification of States.- 5.3 Long-Time Behaviour of Markov Chains: General Case.- 5.4 Long-Time Behaviour of Markov Chains with Finite State Space.- 5.5 Solutions.- 6. Stochastic Processes in Continuous Time.- 6.1 General Notions.- 6.2 Poisson Process.- 6.2.1 Exponential Distribution and Lack of Memory.- 6.2.2 Construction of the Poisson Process.- 6.2.3 Poisson Process Starts from Scratch at Time t.- 6.2.4 Various Exercises on the Poisson Process.- 6.3 Brownian Motion.- 6.3.1 Definition and Basic Properties.- 6.3.2 Increments of Brownian Motion.- 6.3.3 Sample Paths.- 6.3.4 Doob’s Maximal L2 Inequality for Brownian Motion.- 6.3.5 Various Exercises on Brownian Motion.- 6.4 Solutions.- 7. Itô Stochastic Calculus.- 7.1 Itô Stochastic Integral: Definition.- 7.2 Examples.- 7.3 Properties of the Stochastic Integral.- 7.4 Stochastic Differential and Itô Formula.- 7.5 Stochastic Differential Equations.- 7.6 Solutions.
£26.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Tools of Radio Astronomy
Book SynopsisThis 6th edition of “Tools of Radio Astronomy”, the most used introductory text in radio astronomy, has been revised to reflect the current state of this important branch of astronomy. This includes the use of satellites, low radio frequencies, the millimeter/sub-mm universe, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the increased importance of mm/sub-mm dust emission. Several derivations and presentations of technical aspects of radio astronomy and receivers, such as receiver noise, the Hertz dipole and beam forming have been updated, expanded, re-worked or complemented by alternative derivations. These reflect advances in technology. The wider bandwidths of the Jansky-VLA and long wave arrays such as LOFAR and mm/sub-mm arrays such as ALMA required an expansion of the discussion of interferometers and aperture synthesis. Developments in data reduction algorithms have been included. As a result of the large amount of data collected in the past 20 years, the discussion of solar system radio astronomy, dust emission, and radio supernovae has been revisited. The chapters on spectral line emission have been updated to cover measurements of the neutral hydrogen radiation from the early universe as well as measurements with new facilities. Similarly the discussion of molecules in interstellar space has been expanded to include the molecular and dust emission from protostars and very cold regions. Several worked examples have been added in the areas of fundamental physics, such as pulsars. Both students and practicing astronomers will appreciate this new up-to-date edition of Tools of Radio Astronomy. Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen zur 6.Auflage: “... Studenten und Absolventen einschlägiger Fachrichtungen ist das Buch auch fur Quereinsteiger und Amateure geeignet, die ernsthaft in dieses Fachgebiet eindringen wollen.“ (in: Funkamateur, Heft 5, 2014)Table of ContentsRadio Astronomical Fundamentals.- ElectromagneticWave Propagation Fundamentals.- Wave Polarization.- Signal Processing and Receivers: Theory.- Practical Receiver Systems.- Fundamentals of Antenna Theory.- Practical Aspects of Filled Aperture Antennas.- Single Dish Observational Methods.- Interferometers and Aperture Synthesis.- Emission Mechanisms of Continuous Radiation.- Some Examples of Thermal and Nonthermal Radio Sources.- Spectral Line Fundamentals.- Line Radiation from Atoms.- Radio Recombination Lines.- Overview of Molecular Basics.- Molecules in Interstellar Space.- Some Useful Vector Relations & Fourier Transforms.- The Van Vleck Clipping Correction: One Bit Quantization.- Conventional Derivation of Square Law Detector Response & Receiver Noise.- The Reciprocity Theorem.- Filled Aperture Antennas.- The Hankel Transform.- Lists of Calibration Radio Sources.- The Mutual Coherence Function and van Cittert-Zernike Theorem.- Bibliography.- Index.
£47.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Fundamental Astronomy
Book SynopsisFundamental Astronomy is a well-balanced, comprehensive introduction to classical and modern astronomy. While emphasizing both the astronomical concepts and the underlying physical principles, the text provides a sound basis for more profound studies in the astronomical sciences. This is the fifth edition of the successful undergraduate textbook and reference work. It has been extensively modernized and extended in the parts dealing with extragalactic astronomy and cosmology. You will also find augmented sections on the solar system and extrasolar planets as well as a new chapter on astrobiology. Long considered a standard text for physical science majors, Fundamental Astronomy is also an excellent reference work for dedicated amateur astronomers.Trade Review"For the book to reach the fourth edition, it must be hitting a niche in the market. The preface to the first edition in 1987 identifies that market as a ‘university textbook for a first course in astronomy’ which is also suited for serious amateurs who ‘find the popular texts too trivial’. In my opinion, that description from the original preface is ‘spot on’ and makes this volume a must-buy for any serious amateur looking for a comprehensive overview of matters astronomical." (Roger Feasey, Auckland Astronomical Society Journal, March 2004) "This work remains a most excellent textbook for the student as well as the dedicated amateur astronomer." (ORION 62/321, ) "If you are looking for a solid undergraduate text outlining the physics which underpins so much of modern astronomy then this book will be a very useful addition to your personal library." (Astronomy Now, May 2004) "… The wide range of expertise gives the book an authority that would be almost impossible for a single-author text ... There are other aids to the reader: worked examples ... starred sections in small print take the inquisitive reader beyond the general level of the book." (Nature) "… Unique among available texts and has so much to offer ... No one involved in astronomy teaching will want to be without a copy." (The Physics Teacher) "Gives a solid foundation to the basic ideas of astronomy in a clear and accessible fashion … Fundamental ideas are developed clearly and applied to real problems, and solutions are worked out." (Sky & Telescope) From the reviews of the fourth edition: "This book will well serve its readership which includes both undergraduate physical science and mathematics students … . covers all the important subjects of an introductory course in astronomy. … is beautifully illustrated with many black and white and color photographs, which will be most appealing … . they have produced a book that will prove useful for many years … . As such it is highly recommended … to the general reader who wants to be pleasantly and highly informed about astronomy." (Fernande Grandjean, Gary J. Long, Physicalia, Vol. 26(1), 2004) "The book remains a calculus-based textbook and reference source containing many exercises … for the proper comprehension of the subjects treated. … This work remains a most excellent textbook for the student as well as the dedicated amateur astronomer. … can considerably widen the vision of the student … ." (Noël Cramer, ORIAN-Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Astronomischen Gesellschaft Vol. 62(321), 2004) "Fundamental Astronomy is both the title and an excellent description of the content … . is also suited for serious amateurs who "find the popular texts too trivial". In my opinion … this volume a must-buy for any serious amateur looking for a comprehensive overview of matters astronomical. … Its usefulness for education purposes is enhanced by worked examples in each section followed by exercises." (AAS Journal, March, 2004) "This is the 4th edition of this well known and well tested undergraduate-level text on astronomy. … All the derivations are well done and the problems selected for student work are interesting and will undoubtedly help the student in his or her studies. … if you are looking for a solid undergraduate text outlining the physics which underpins so much of modern astronomy then this book will be a very useful addition to your personal library." (Kevin P. Marshall, Astronomy Now, May, 2004) From the reviews of the fifth edition: “This textbook, suitable for a university first course in astronomy, is the outgrowth of a long and outstanding astronomical tradition in Finland, and the result of an extensive collaborative effort, which included also teaching and interaction with many people. … I highly recommend this book for class use … it will be useful for professionals as well.” (Bruno Bertotti, Prometeo, Vol. 24 (3-4), 2008)Table of ContentsSpherical Astronomy.- Observations and Instruments.- Photometric Concepts and Magnitudes.- Radiation Mechanisms.- Celestial Mechanics.- The Solar System.- Stellar Spectra.- Binary Stars and Stellar Masses.- Stellar Structure.- Stellar Evolution.- The Sun.- Variable Stars.- Compact Stars.- The Interstellar Medium.- Star Clusters and Associations.- The Milky Way.- Galaxies.- Cosmology.- Astrobiology.
£52.24
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG What are the Stars?
Book SynopsisThe outstanding question in astronomy at the turn of the twentieth century was: What are the stars and why are they as they are? In this volume, the story of how the answer to this fundamental question was unravelled is narrated in an informal style, with emphasis on the underlying physics. This book discusses recent developments in the context of discussing the nature of the stars, their stability and the source of the energy they radiate. Reading this book will get young students excited about the presently unfolding revolution in astronomy and the challenges that await them in the world of physics, engineering and technology. General readers will also find the book appealing for its highly accessible narrative of the physics of stars.Table of ContentsThe Present Revolution in Astronomy: An Overview.- What Are the Stars?.- Stars as Globes of Gas.- Eddington’s Theory of the Stars.- Why Are the Stars as They Are?.- Energy Generation in the Stars.- Sounds of the Sun.- The Smoking Gun is Finally Found.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
Book SynopsisIn the past two decades a succession of direct observations by satellites, and of extensive computer simulations, has led to the realization that the polar ionosphere plays a principal role in large-scale magnetospheric processes - a manifestation of the physics linkage involved in solar-terrestrial interactions. Spatial/temporal variations in high-latitude electromagnetic phenomena, such as dynamic aurorae, electric fields and currents, have proved to be extremely complex. Now the challenge is to comprehend the vast amount of complicated measurements made in this magnetosphere-ionosphere sysstem of the Earth. This book addresses the electrical coupling between the hot, but dilute, magnetospheric plasma and the cold, but dense, plasma in the ionosphere. In five major chapters, this book presents: - basic properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - morphology of electric fields and currents at high latitudes; - global modeling of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - modeling of ionospheric electrodynamics; - current issues, such as auroral particle acceleration, substorms, penetration of high-latitude fields into low latitudes.Table of Contents1 Implications of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.1 Solar Wind, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere.- 1.1.1 Entry of Energy into the Magnetosphere.- 1.1.2 Dissipation of Energy in Substorms.- 1.2 Basic Properties of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.2.1 Global and Local Coupling Processes.- 1.2.2 Plasma Convection.- 1.2.3 Theoretical Approach.- 2 Morphology of Electric Fields and Currents at High Latitudes.- 2.1 Large-Scale Current Systems.- 2.1.1 Convection Electrojets.- 2.1.2 Substorm Current Wedge.- 2.1.3 Polar Cap and Cusp Currents.- 2.1.4 Eastward Current in the Dawn Sector.- 2.1.5 Current Closure in the Magnetosphere.- 2.1.6 Charge Carriers of Field-Aligned Currents.- 2.2 Electric Field and Currents Associated with Auroral Forms.- 2.2.1 Auroral Arcs.- 2.2.2 Westward Traveling Surges.- 2.2.3 Auroral Omega Bands.- 2.2.4 Pulsating Auroral Patches.- 3 Global Modeling of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 3.1 Basic Concepts.- 3.2 Simulation of Magnetospheric Convection.- 3.2.1 Global Convection Model.- 3.2.2 Plasma Transport Model.- 3.3 Reproduction of Observed Features.- 3.4 Coupling Models with Specific Physical Aspects.- 4 Modeling of Ionospheric Electrodynamics.- 4.1 Ionospheric Parameters Controlled by Field-Aligned Currents.- 4.1.1 Basic Algorithm.- 4.1.2 Quiet Periods.- 4.1.3 Substorm Times.- 4.1.4 Cusp Structure.- 4.2 Magnetogram-Inversion Technique.- 4.2.1 Essence of the Scheme.- 4.2.2 Advantages and Limitations.- 4.2.3 Global Distribution of Ionospheric Parameters.- 4.2.4 Recent Improvements.- 4.3 Formation of Auroral Arcs.- 5 Current Issues in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 5.1 The Westward Traveling Surge.- 5.1.1 Dynamics.- 5.1.2 Distortion of Convection Pattern.- 5.1.3 Pulsations.- 5.2 Auroral Particle Acceleration and Parallel Electric Fields.- 5.2.1 Observations.- 5.2.2 Theories and Computer Simulations.- 5.3 Penetration of High-Latitude Electric Fields / into Low Latitudes.- 5.3.1 Substorm Effects.- 5.3.2 Source Mechanisms.- 5.3.3 Global Patterns of Ionospheric Fields.- 5.3.4 Shielding of Convection Fields in the Magnetosphere.- 5.4 Relative Importance of Conductivities and Electric Fields..- 5.4.1 Simultaneous Measurements of Ionospheric Parameters.- 5.4.2 Two Electrojet Modes.- 5.4.3 Latitudinal Cross-Sections of the Auroral Electrojets.- 5.4.4 Implications for Substorm Dynamics.- 5.4.5 Future Problems.- References.
£40.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Gesammelte Werke / Collected Works: Volume 2
Book SynopsisDer bekannte Astronom Karl Schwarzschild (1873-1916) gilt als der Begr}nder der Astrophysik und als hervorragender Forscher mit einer erstaunlichen Bandbreite seiner Interessen. Arbeiten zur Himmelsmechanik, Elektrodynamik und Relativit{tstheorie weisen ihn als vorz}glichen Mathematiker und Physiker seiner Zeit aus. Untersuchungen zur Photographischen Photometrie, Optik und Spektroskopie zeigen den versierten Beobachter, der sein Me~instrument beherrscht. Schlie~lich arbeitete Schwarzschild als Astrophysiker und an Sternatmosph{ren, Kometen, Struktur und Dynamikvon Sternsystemen. Die in seinem kurzen Leben entstandene F}lle von wissenschafltichen Arbeiten ist in drei B{nden der Gesamtausgabe gesammelt, erg{nzt durch biographisches Material und ein Essay des Nobelpreistr{gers S. Chandrasekhar und Annotationen von Fachleuten in jedem der drei B{nde.Table of Contents5. Astronomical Positioning.- 5.1 Ueber photographische Ortsbestimmung / On Photographic Position Determination.- 5.2 Über photographische Breitenbestimmung mit Hilfe eines hängenden Zenitkollimators / On Determining Latitude Using a Suspended Zenith Collimator.- 5.3 Über Breitenbestimmung mit Hilfe einer hängenden Zenitkamera / On Latitude Determination Using a Suspended Zenith Camera.- 5.4 Bestimmung der Polhöhe von Göttingen u. der Deklinationen von 375 Zenithsternen mit der hängenden Zenithkamera / Determination of the Altitude of the Pole at Göttingen and the Declination of 375 Zenith Stars Using the Suspended Zenith Camera (with W. Dziewulski).- 5.5 Über einen Transformator zur Auflösung sphärischer Dreiecke, besonders für Zwecke der Ortsbestimmung im Luftballon / On a Transformer for the Solution of Spherical Triangles, Especially for Position Determination in Air Balloons.- 5.6 Tafeln zur astronomischen Ortsbestimmung im Luftballon bei Nacht, sowie zur leichten Bestimmung der mitteleuropäischen Zeit an jedem Orte Deutschlands / Tables for Astronomical Position Determination in Air Balloons at Night and for Easy Determination of Central-European Time at any Point in Germany (with o. Birck).- 5.7 Künstlicher Horizont and Ballonsextant / Artificial Horizon and Balloon Sextant.- 5.8 Libellenhorizont und Libellensextant / Bubble Horizon and Bubble Sextant.- 6. Photographie Photometry.- 6.1 Die Bestimmung von Sternhelligkeiten aus extrafocalen photographischen Aufnahmen / The Determination of Stellar Magnitudes from Extrafocal Exposures.- 6.2 Beiträge zur photo graphischen Photometrie der Gestirne / Contributions on the Photographic Photometry of Stars.- 6.3 Ueber Abweichungen vom Reciprocitätsgesetz für Bromsilbergelatine / On Departures from the Reciprocity Law for Silver-Bromide Gelatine.- 6.4 Ueber die Wirkung intermittirender Belichtung auf Bromsilbergelatine / On the Effects of Intermittent Exposures on Silver-Bromide Gelatine.- 6.5 Bemerkungen zur Sensitometrie / Remarks on Sensitometry.- 6.6 über die photographische Vergleichung der Helligkeit verschiedenfarbiger Sterne / On the Photographic Comparison of the Magnitudes of Stars of Different Colours.- 6.7 Ueber sensitometrische Regeln und ihre astronomische Anwendung / On Sensitometry Laws and Their Astronomical Application.- 6.8 Professor G. Jägers Theorie des photographischen Prozesses / Professor G. Jäger’sf Theory of the Photographic Process.- 6.9 Plan zur Durchführung einer photographisch-photometrischen Durchmusterung des nördlichen Himmels / Plan for Carrying Out a Photographic-Photometric Survey of the Northern Sky.- 6.10 Über eine Schraffierkassette zur Aktinometrie der Sterne / On a Schraffierkassette for Stellar Actinometry (with Br. Meyermann).- 6.11 Über eine Interpolationsaufgabe der Aktinometrie / On an Interpolation Problem in Actinometry.- 6.12 Aufnahmen des Sternhaufens h Persei mit Spiegeln von sehr großem öffnungsverhältnis / Exposures of the Cluster h Persei Using Mirrors with Very Large Aperture Ratios (with W. Villiger).- 6.13 Über eine neue Schraffierkassette / On a New Schraffierkassette (with Br. Meyermann).- 6.14 Über die Farbentönung der Sterne / On the Colour Tints of the Stars.- 6.15 Remarque sur la determination des grandeurs photographiques absolues / Note on the Determination of Absolute Photographic Magnitudes.- 6.16 Über die Bestimmung absoluter photographischer Helligkeiten / On the Determination of Absolute Photographic Magnitudes.- 6.17 Aktinometrie der Sterne der B.D. bis zur Grösse 7.5 in der Zone 0 ° bis + 20 ° Deklination. Teil A / Actinometry of B.D. Stars down to Magnitude 7.5 in the Zone between Declinations 0 ° and + 20 ° , Part A (with Br. Meyermann, A. Kohlschütter and O. Birck).- 6.18 Aktinometrie der Sterne der B.D. bis zur Grösse 7.5 in der Zone 0 ° bis + 20 ° Deklination. Teil B / Actinometry of B.D. Stars down to Magnitude 7.5 in the Zone between Declinations 0 ° and +20 ° , Part B (with Br. Meyermann, A. Kohlschütter, O. Birck and W. Dziewulski).- 6.19 Buchbesprechung / Book Review: J.A. Parkhurst, Yerkes Actinometry, Zone + 73 ° to + 90 °.- 6.20 Über die Schleierkorrektion bei der Halbgittermethode zur Bestimmung photographischer Sterngrößen / On the Correction for Fogging in the Half-Grating Method of Determining Photographic Stellar Magnitudes.- 6.21 Vorbemerkung zu / Introduction to: W. Dziewulski, Photographische Größen von Sternen in der Nähe des Nordpols / Photographic Magnitudes of Stars Near the North Pole.- 7. Measuring Techniques, Binary Stars, Variable Stars and Spectroscopy.- 7.1 Ueber Messung von Doppelsternen durch Interferenzen / On Measuring Double Stars by Interference Methods.- 7.2 Zur Bestimmung der Theilungsfehler von Maassstäben / On Determining Dividing Errors of Graduated Scales.- 7.3 Beitrag zur Bestimmung von Radialgeschwindigkeiten mit dem Objektivprisma / Contribution on the Determination of Radial Velocities with an Objective Prism.- 7.4 Einige Beobachtungen der Radialgeschwindigkeit von 0: Coronae borealis mit dem Objektivprisma / Some Observations of the Radial Velocity of 0: Coronae borealis with an Objective Prism.- 7.5 über die Radialgeschwindigkeit des Sterns 63 Tauri / On the Radial Velocity of the Star 63 Tauri.- 7.6 Präzisionstechnik und wissenschaftliche Forschung / Precision Engineering and Scientific Research.- 7.7 Spectral Classification of Stars (in German).- 7.8 Ein Verfahren der Bahnbestimmung bei spectroskopischen Doppelsternen / A Procedure for Deterrnining the Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries.- 7.9 Beobachtungen von Veränderlichen Sternen und der Nova Aurigae / Observations of Variable Stars and of Nova Aurigae.- 7.10 Ein neuer Veränderlicher (41.1910 Tauri) in den Hyaden / A New Variable (41.1910 Tauri) in the Hyades.- 7.11 über den Lichtwechsel des Veränderlichen 41.1910 Tauri / On the Variations in Brightness of the Variable 41.1910 Tauri.- 7.12 Nova 18.1912 Geminorum (Bemerkung zum Spektrum der Eneboschen Nova) /Nova 18.1912 Geminorum (Remark on the Spectrum of Enebo’s Nova).- 7.13 Der neue Stern in den Zwillingen / The New Star in the Constellation Gemini.- for Volume 1.- for Volume 3.
£119.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Astrophysics of Neutron Stars
Book SynopsisThe existence of neutron stars was not only a brilliant theoretical prediction, but also one of the most unexpected and astonishing discoveries of all heavenly bodies. Twenty-five years after the remarkable event of their discovery, neutron stars, which are the densest, the most strongly magnetized, and the most rapid ly rotating bodies in the Galaxy, remain objects of intense interest. This book is a revised and enlarged version of the original Russian edition. The last five years were marked by the discovery of a supernova in the closest galaxy and dozens of X-ray sources and millisecond pulsars, which apparently confirm the validity of the basic ideas underlying these discoveries. The author has concentrated on the astrophysical manifestations of neutron stars, which are believed mainly to be associated with the nature of their interaction with their surroundings. Naturally, this approach does not leave much room for a detailed description of the internal structure of these stars. Fortunately, there exists an excellent monograph by S. L. Shapiro and S. A. Teukolsky (Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars, Wiley, New York 1985) which deals mainly with the purely physical problems. Moreover, the publication of such a book in the West partly makes amends for the lack of information about the work being done by Soviet scientists in this field.Table of Contents1. Theoretical and Observational Principles of the Astrophysics of Neutron Stars.- 1.1 Prediction.- 1.2 Accretion.- 1.3 Rotation and Magnetic Field.- 1.4 Radiopulsars.- 1.5 New Ideas.- 1.6 X-Ray Pulsars.- 1.7 X-Ray Bursters.- 1.8 Bursts and Other Sources of Gamma Rays.- 1.9 General View.- 2. Structure of Neutron Stars.- 2.1 Equilibrium of Stars.- 2.2 Exact Equilibrium Equations for Cold Stars.- 2.3 Physical Conditions Inside Neutron Stars.- 2.4 Parameters of Neutron Stars.- 2.5 Mass of Neutron Stars.- 2.6 Rotational Effects.- 3. Fluid Dynamics of Accretion.- 3.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 3.2 The Role of Radiation and Ejection.- 3.3 Spherical Accretion to a Neutron Star Without a Magnetic Field.- 3.4 Capture of Matter by a Moving Star.- 3.5 Fluid Dynamics of Cylindrical Accretion.- 3.6 Disk Accretion.- 3.7 Luminosity and Spectrum of Accretion Disks.- 3.8 Supercritical Disk Accretion.- 3.9 Accretion in Binary Systems.- 3.9.1 Overflow Through the Inner Lagrangian Point.- 3.9.2 Accretion from Stellar Wind.- 3.10 Two-Stream Accretion.- 3.11 Accretion of Magnetic Fields.- 4. Classification of Neutron Stars.- 4.1 Magnetic Dipole.- 4.2 Stopping Radius.- 4.3 Stopping Radius in the Supercritical Case.- 4.4 The Effect of a Magnetic Field.- 4.5 Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 4.6 Corotation Radius.- 4.7 Nomenclature.- 4.8 Critical Periods. The p-y and p-L Diagrams.- 5. Boundaries. Magnetospheres of Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars.- 5.1 Physical Conditions in the Alfvén Zone.- 5.2 Formulation of the Problem.- 5.3 Simple Configurations.- 5.4 Magnetosphere in Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 5.5 Pascal’s Pressure Law.- 5.5.1 Two-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.5.2 Three-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.6 A Dipole Confined by an Ideally Conducting Disk.- 5.6.1 Two-Dimensional Model.- 5.6.2 Three-Dimensional Problem.- 5.6.3 Dipole Rotation.- 5.7 Magnetosphere in a Plane-parallel Plasma Flow.- 5.7.1 Two-Dimensional Solution.- 5.7.2 Three-Dimensional Solution.- 5.8 Two-Stream Accretion.- 6. Accreting Neutron Stars.- 6.1 Boundary Stability.- 6.1.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 6.1.2 Disk Accretion onto a Magnetized Neutron Star.- 6.1.3 Torsion of an Accretion Disk by Magnetic Forces.- 6.1.4 Magnetosphere Boundary Stability for Two-Stream Accretion.- 6.2 The Polar Column.- 6.3 Spin-up, Spin-down and Induced Precession of Accreting Stars.- 6.3.1 Spin-up Torque.- 6.3.2 Spin-down Torque.- 6.3.3 Analytical Model of Torques Applied to a Magnetized Accreting Star.- 6.3.4 Equilibrium Period.- 6.4 Observed Properties of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.5 Energy Parameters of Pulsars and Transport of Matter in Binary Systems.- 6.6 Spectrum and Magnetic Fields.- 6.7 Periods of X-Ray Pulsars and Their Variation.- 6.7.1 Equilibrium of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.2 Magnetic Fields of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.3 Reasons Behind the Average Spin-up of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.4 Rapid Fluctuation of Periods and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 6.8 Variability of X-Ray Sources. Transients.- 6.9 Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 6.10 X-Ray Bursters.- 6.10.1 Localization and Spatial Distribution.- 6.10.2 Periodic Variations of X-Ray Flux. X-Ray Eclipses.- 6.10.3 Luminosity and Spectra of Bursters.- 6.11 Nuclear Burning at the Surface of Neutron Stars. Spherically Symmetric Model.- 6.12 Accretion to X-Ray Bursters.- 6.12.1 Accretion for ? Stars.- 7. The “Propeller” Regime.- 7.1 Quasistatic Shells.- 7.1.1 Supersonic Propeller.- 7.1.2 Subsonic Propeller.- 7.1.3 Very Rapid Propeller.- 7.1.4 Nongravitating Propeller.- 7.2 Spinning-down in the Boundary Layer.- 7.3 Two-Stream Flow Formation due to the Propeller Effect.- 7.3.1 Stationary Flow from Disks.- 7.3.2 Time-Dependent Solution.- 7.4 Dead Disks and Accumulator Disks.- 7.5 Nonstationary Disk Accretion. Model of Transient X-Ray Sources.- 7.6 Relativistic Propeller.- 7.7 Objects That Can Become Propellers.- 7.7.1 Binary Systems.- 7.7.2 Single Neutron Stars.- 8. Ejecting Stars.- 8.1 Observed Characteristics of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.1 Periods and Their Variation.- 8.1.2 Pulse Structure.- 8.1.3 Spectrum and Luminosity.- 8.1.4 Distribution of Pulsars in Space.- 8.1.5 Spatial Velocity of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.6 Pulsars and Binary Systems.- 8.2 Radiopulsars as Ejecting Neutron Stars.- 8.3 Pulsar Electrodynamics and Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 8.3.1 Vacuum Approximation.- 8.3.2 Magnetosphere in the Presence of Plasma.- 8.4 Mechanisms of Radiation.- 8.5 Caverns Around Neutron Stars.- 8.5.1 Caverns in Binary Systems.- 8.5.2 Caverns Around a Single Neutron Star.- 8.5.3 Effect of Relativistic Wind on Accretion Flow Parameters.- 8.6 Change in Radiopulsar Period.- 8.6.1 Spin-down of Pulsars and Their Magnetic Fields.- 8.6.2 Spin-up Episodes and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 8.7 Evolution of Radiopulsars.- 8.7.1 Origin and Age of Pulsars.- 8.7.2 Evolution of the Radiopulsar Period.- 8.8 Spatial Velocities of Radiopulsars.- 8.9 Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 8.9.1 Radiopulsars Forming Pairs with Degenerate Stars.- 8.9.2 “Reflection” Effect.- 8.9.3 Observational Evidence of the Existence of Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 9. Supercritical Regimes.- 9.1 Superaccretor.- 9.1.1 Accretion Pattern.- 9.1.2 Neutrino Pulsar.- 9.1.3 Spin-up and Spin-down.- 9.2 Superejectors and Superpropellers.- 9.3 Is SS 433 a Superaccretor?.- 9.4 Other Candidates.- 10. Stars with an Anomalously Low Value of Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 10.1 Georotators.- 10.2 Binary Magnetic Systems (Magnetors).- 11. Evolution of Stars.- 11.1 Normal Stars.- 11.1.1 Single Stars.- 11.1.2 Binary Stars.- 11.2 Evolution of Neutron Stars.- 11.2.1 Evolution Equation.- 11.2.2 Statistical Description of the Ensemble of Neutron Stars.- 11.3 Neutron Star Tracks.- 11.4 Numerical Simulation of the Joint Evolution of Normal and Neutron Stars.- 11.4.1 Computational Method.- 11.4.2 Evolutionary Tracks.- 11.4.3 Simulation of X-Ray Pulsars (Stage IIA) and the Choice of Optimal Parameters.- 11.4.4 Abundance of Different Types of Systems in the Galaxy.- 11.4.5 Physical Characteristics of Neutron Stars at Various Stages of Evolution.- 11.4.6 Two Types of Radiopulsars.- 11.5 Possible Candidates.- 11.5.1 “Runaway” Stars.- 11.5.2 The SS 433 Object.- 11.5.3 “Single” Wolf-Rayet Stars.- 11.5.4 Collapse Anisotropy.- 11.5.5 Other Numerical Models.- Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities.- Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) Instability.- Commutation Instability.- References.
£61.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Physics of Gravitating Systems I: Equilibrium and Stability
Book SynopsisIt would seem that any specialist in plasma physics studying a medium in which the interaction between particles is as distance-dependent as the inter action between stars and other gravitating masses would assert that the role of collective effects in the dynamics of gravitating systems must be decisive. However, among astronomers this point of view has been recog nized only very recently. So, comparatively recently, serious consideration has been devoted to theories of galactic spiral structure in which the dominant role is played by the orbital properties of individual stars rather than collec tive effects. In this connection we would like to draw the reader's attention to a difference in the scientific traditions of plasma physicists and astrono mers, whereby the former have explained the delay of the onset of controlled thermonuclear fusion by the "intrigues" of collective processes in the plasma, while many a generation of astronomers were calculating star motions, solar and lunar eclipses, and a number of other fine effects for many years ahead by making excellent use of only the laws of Newtonian mechanics. Therefore, for an astronomer, it is perhaps not easy to agree with the fact that the evolution of stellar systems is controlled mainly by collective effects, and the habitual methods of theoretical mechanics III astronomy must make way for the method of self-consistent fields.Table of Contents(Volume I).- § 1. Basic Concepts and Equations of Theory.- § 2. Equilibrium States of Collisionless Gravitating Systems.- § 3. Small Oscillations and Stability.- §4. Jeans Instability of a One—Component Uniform Medium.- §5. Jeans Instability of a Multicomponent Uniform Medium.- 5.1. Basic Theorem (on the Stability of a Multicomponent System with Components at Rest).- 5.2. Four Limiting Cases for a Two—Component Medium.- 5.3. Table of Jeans Instabilities of a Uniform Two—Component Medium.- 5.4. General Case of n Components.- §6. Non—Jeans Instabilities.- § 7. Qualitative Discussion of the Stability of Spherical, Cylindrical (and Disk—Shaped) Systems with Respect to Radial Perturbations.- I Theory.- I Equilibrium and Stability of a Nonrotating Flat Gravitating Layer.- § 1. Equilibrium States of a Collisionless Flat Layer.- § 2. Gravitational (Jeans) Instability of the Layer.- § 3. Anisotropic (Fire—Hose) Instability of a Collisionless Flat Layer.- 3.1. Qualitative Considerations.- 3.2. Derivation of the Dispersion Equation for Bending Perturbations of a Thin Layer.- 3.3. Fire—Hose Instability of a Highly Anisotropic Flat Layer.- 3.4. Analysis of the Dispersion Equation.- 3.5. Additional Remarks.- § 4. Derivation of Integra—Differential Equations for Normal Modes of a Flat Gravitating Layer.- § 5. Symmetrical Perturbations of a Flat Layer with an Isotropic Distribution Function Near the Stability Boundary.- § 6. Perpendicular Oscillations of a Homogeneous Collisionless Layer.- 6.1. Derivation of the Characteristic Equation for Eigenfrequencies.- 6.2. Stability of the Model.- 6.3. Permutational Modes.- 6.4. Time—Independent Perturbations (? = 0).- Problems.- II Equilibrium and Stability of a Collisionless Cylinder.- §1. Equilibrium Cylindrical Configurations.- § 2. Jeans Instability of a Cylinder with Finite Radius.- 2.1. Dispersion Equation for Eigenfrequencies of Axial-Symmetrical Perturbations of a Cylinder with Circular Orbits of Particles.- 2.2. Branches of Axial—Symmetrical Oscillations of a Rotating Cylinder with Maxwellian Distribution of Particles in.- 2.3. Longitudinal Velocities.- 2.4. Oscillative Branches of the Rotating Cylinder with a Jackson Distribution Function (in Longitudinal Velocities).- 2.5. Axial—Symmetrical Perturbations of Cylindrical Models of a More General Type.- § 3. Nonaxial Perturbations of a Collisionless Cylinder.- 3.1. The Long—Wave Fire-Hose Instability.- 3.2. Nonaxial Perturbations of a Cylinder with Circular Particle Orbits 100§ 4. Stability of a Cylinder with Respect to Flute—like Perturbations.- § 5. Local Analysis of the Stability of Cylinders (Flute—like Perturbations).- 5.1. Dispersion Equation for Model (2), § 1.- 5.2. Maxwellian Distribution Function.- § 6. Comparison with Oscillations of an Incompressible Cylinder.- 6.1. Flute—like Perturbations (kz = 0).- § 7. Flute—like Oscillations of a Nonuniform Cylinder with Circular Orbits of Particles.- Problems.- III Equilibrium and Stability of Collisionless Spherically Symmetrical Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium Distribution Functions.- § 2. Stability of Systems with an Isotropic Particle Velocity Distribution.- 2.1. The General Variational Principle for Gravitating Systems with the Isotropic Distribution of Particles in Velocities (f0 = f0(E), f’0 = df0|dE ? 0).- 2.2. Sufficient Condition of Stability.- 2.3. Other Theorems about Stability. Stability with Respect to Nonradial Perturbations.- 2.4. Variational Principle for Radial Perturbations.- 2.5. Hydrodynamical Analogy.- 2.6. On the Stability of Systems with Distribution Functions That Do Not Satisfy the Condition f’0 (E) ? 0.- § 3. Stability of Systems of Gravitating Particles Moving On Circular Trajectories.- 3.1. Stability of a Uniform Sphere.- 3.2. Stability of a Homogeneous System of Particles with Nearly Circular Orbits.- 3.3. Stability of a Homogeneous Sphere with Finite Angular Momentum.- 3.4. Stability of Inhomogeneous Systems.- § 4. Stability of Systems of Gravitating Particles Moving in Elliptical Orbits.- 4.1. Stability of a Sphere with Arbitrary Elliptical Particle Orbits.- 4.2. Instability of a Rotating Freeman Sphere.- § 5. Stability of Systems with Radial Trajectories of Particles.- 5.1. Linear Stability Theory.- 5.2. Simulation of a Nonlinear Stage of Evolution.- § 6. Stability of Spherically Symmetrical Systems of General Form.- 6.1. Series of the Idlis Distribution Functions.- 6.2. First Series of Camm Distribution Functions (Generalized Poly tropes).- 6.3. Shuster’s Model in the Phase Description.- §7. Discussion of the Results.- Problems.- IV Equilibrium and Stability of Collisionless Ellipsoidal Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium Distribution Functions.- 1.1 Freeman’s Ellipsoidal Models.- 1.2. “Hot” Models of Collisionless Ellipsoids of Revolution.- § 2. Stability of a Three—Axial Ellipsoid and an Elliptical Disk.- 2.1. Stability of a Three-Axial Ellipsoid.- 2.2. Stability of Freeman Elliptical Disks.- § 3. Stability of Two—Axial Collisionless Ellipsoidal Systems.- 3.1. Stability of Freeman’s Spheroids.- 3.2. Peebles—Ostriker Stability Criterion. Stability of Uniform Ellipsoids, “Hot” in the Plane of Rotation.- 3.3. The Fire-Hose Instability of Ellipsoidal Stellar Systems.- 3.4. Secular and Dynamical Instability. Characteristic Equation for Eigenfrequencies of Oscillations of Maclaurin Ellipsoids.- Problems.- V Equilibrium and Stability of Flat Gravitating Systems.- § 1. Equilibrium States of Flat Gaseous and Collisionless Systems.- 1.3. Systems with Circular Particle Orbits.- 1.4. Plasma Systems with a Magnetic Field.- 1.5. Gaseous Systems.- 1.6. “Hot” Collisionless Systems.- § 2. Stability of a “Cold” Rotating Disk.- 2.1. Membrane Oscillations of the Disk.- 2.2. Oscillations in the Plane of the Disk.- § 3. Stability of a Plasma Disk with a Magnetic Field.- 3.1. Qualitative Derivation of the Stability Condition.- 3.2. Variational Principle.- 3.3. Short—Wave Approximation.- 3.4. Numerical Analysis of a Specific Model.- § 4. Stability of a “Hot” Rotating Disk.- 4.1. Oscillations in the Plane of the Disk.- 4.2. Bending Perturbations.- 4.3. Methods of the Stability Investigation of General Collisionless Disk Systems.- 4.4. Exact Spectra of Small Perturbations.- 4.5. Global Instabilities of Gaseous Disks. Comparison of Stability Properties of Gaseous and Stellar Disks.- Problems.- References.- Additional References.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Physics of Gravitating Systems II: Nonlinear Collective Processes: Nonlinear Waves, Solitons, Collisionless Shocks, Turbulence. Astrophysical Applications
Table of Contents(Volume II).- Non-Jeans Instabilities of Gravitating Systems.- VI Non-Jeans Instabilities of Gravitating Systems.- § 1. Beam Instability of a Gravitating Medium.- 1.1. Theorem of a Number of Instabilities of the Heterogeneous System with Homogeneous Flows.- 1.2. Expression for the Growth Rate of the Kinetic Beam Instability in the Case of a Beam of Small Density (for an Arbitrary Distribution Function).- 1.3. Beam with a Step Function Distribution.- 1.4. Hydrodynamical Beam Instability. Excitation of the Rotational Branch.- 1.5. Stabilizing Effect of the Interaction of Gravitating Cylinders and Disks.- 1.6. Instability of Rotating Inhomogeneous Cylinders with Oppositely Directed Beams of Equal Density.- § 2. Gradient Instabilities of a Gravitating Medium.- 2.1. Cylinder of Constant Density with Radius-Dependent Temperature. Hydrodynamical Instability.- 2.2. Cylinder of Constant Density with a Temperature Jump. Kinetic Instability.- 2.3. Cylinder with Inhomogeneous Density and Temperature.- § 3. Hydrodynamical Instabilities of a Gravitating Medium with a Growth Rate Much Greater than that of Jeans.- 3.1. Hydrodynamical Instabilities in the Model of a Flat Parallel Flow.- 3.2. Hydrodynamical Instabilities of a Gravitating Cylinder.- §4. General Treatment of Kinetic Instabilities.- 4.1. Beam Effects in the Heterogeneous Model of a Galaxy.- 4.2. Influence of a “Black Hole” at the Center of a Spherical System on the Resonance Interactions Between Stars and Waves.- 4.3. Beam Instability in the Models of a Cylinder and a Flat Layer.- VII Problems of Nonlinear Theory.- § 1. Nonlinear Stability Theory of a Rotating, Gravitating Disk.- 1.1. Nonlinear Waves and Solitons in a Hydrodynamical Model of an Infinitely Thin Disk with Plane Pressure.- 1.2. Nonlinear Waves in a Gaseous Disk.- 1.3. Nonlinear Waves and Solitons in a Stellar Disk.- 1.4. Explosive Instability.- 1.5. Remarks on the Decay Processes.- 1.6. Nonlinear Waves in a Viscous Medium.- § 2. Nonlinear Interaction of a Monochromatic Wave with Particles in Gravitating Systems.- 2.1. Nonlinear Dynamics of the Beam Instability in a Cylindrical Model.- 2.2. Nonlinear Saturation of the Instability at the Corotation Radiusin the Disk.- § 3. Nonlinear Theory of Gravitational Instability of a Uniform Expanding Medium.- § 4. Foundations of Turbulence Theory.- 4.1. Hamiltonian Formalism for the Hydrodynamical Model of a Gravitating Medium.- 4.2. Three-Wave Interaction.- 4.3. Four-Wave Interaction.- §5. Concluding Remarks.- 5.1. When Can an Unstable Gravitating Disk be Regarded as an Infinitesimally Thin One?.- 5.2. On Future Soliton Theory of Spiral Structure.- Problems.- II Astrophysical Applications.- VIII General Remarks.- § 1. Oort’s Antievolutionary Hypothesis.- § 2. Is There a Relationship Between the Rotational Momentum of an Elliptical Galaxy and the Degree of Oblateness?.- § 3. General Principles of the Construction of Models of Spherically Symmetric Systems.- § 4. Lynden-Bell’s Collisionless Relaxation.- § 5. Estimates of “Collisionlessness” of Particles in Different Real Systems.- IX Spherical Systems.- § 1. A Brief Description of Observational Data.- 1.1. Globular Star Clusters.- 1.2. Spherical Galaxies.- 1.3. Compact Galactic Clusters.- § 2. Classification of Unstable Modes in Scales.- § 3. Universal Criterion of the Instability.- § 4. Specificity of the Effects of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Perturbations on the System’s Evolution.- § 5. Results of Numerical Experiments for Systems with Parameters Providing Strong Supercriticality.- § 6. Example of Strongly Unstable Model.- § 7. Can Lynden-Bell’s Intermixing Mechanism Be Observed Against a Background of Strong Instability ?.- § 8. Is the “Unstable” Distribution of Stellar Density Really Unstable (in the Hydrodynamical Sense) in the Neighborhood of a “Black Hole”?.- X Ellipsoidal Systems.- § 1. Objects Under Study.- § 2. Elliptical Galaxies.- 2.1. Why Are Elliptical Galaxies More Oblate than E7 Absent?.- 2.2. Comparison of the Observed Oblatenesses of S- and SO-Galaxies with the Oblateness of E-Galaxies.- 2.3. Two Possible Solutions of the Problem.- 2.4. The Boundary of the Anisotropic (Fire-Hose) Instability Determines the Critical Value of Oblateness.- 2.5. Universal Criterion of Instability.- §3. SB-Galaxies.- 3.1. The Main Problem.- 3.2. Detection in NGC 4027 of Counterflows as Predicted by Freeman.- 3.3. Stability of Freeman Models of SB-Galaxies with Observed Oblateness.- XI Disk-like Systems. Spiral Structure.- § 1. Different Points of View on the Nature of Spiral Structure.- § 2. Resonant Interaction of the Spiral Wave with Stars of the Galaxy.- 2.1. Derivation of Expressions for the Angular Momentum and Energy of the Spiral Wave.- 2.2. Physical Mechanisms of Energy and Angular Momentum Exchange Between the Spiral Waves and the Resonant Stars.- § 3. The Linear Theory of Stationary Density Waves.- 3.1. The Primary Idea of Lin and Shu of the Stationary Density Waves.- 3.2. The Spiral Galaxy as an Infinite System of Harmonic Oscillators.- 3.3. On “Two-Armness” of the Spiral Structure.- 3.4. The Main Difficulties of the Stationary Wave Theory of Lin and Shu.- §4. Linear Theory of Growing Density Waves.- 4.1. Spiral Structure as the Most Unstable Mode.- 4.2. Gravitational Instability at the Periphery of Galaxies.- 4.3. Waves of Negative Energy Generated Near the Corotation Circle and Absorbed at the Inner Lindblad Resonance—Lynden-BellKalnaj’s Picture of Spiral Pattern Maintenance.- 4.4. Kelvin–Helmholz Instability and Flute-like Instability in the Near-Nucleus Region of the Galaxy as Possible Generators of Spiral Structure.- 4.5. The “Trailing” Character of Spiral Arms.- § 5. Comparison of the Lin–Shu Theory with Observations.- 5. 1 The Galaxy.- 5.2. M33, M51, M81.- § 6. Experimental Simulation of Spiral Structure Generation.- 6. 1 In a Rotating Laboratory Plasma.- 6.2. In Numerical Experiment.- § 7. The Hypothesis of the Origin of Spirals in the SB-Galaxies.- XII Other Applications.- § 1 On the Structure of Saturn’s Rings.- l.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Model. Basic Equations.- 1.3. Jeans Instability.- 1.4. Dissipative Instabilities.- 1.5. Modulational Instability.- Appendix. Derivation of the Expression for the Perturbation Energy of Maclaurin’s Ellipsoid.- § 2. On the Law of Planetary Distances.- §3. Galactic Plane Bending.- 3.1. Quasistationary Tidal Deformation.- 3.2. Free Modes of Oscillations.- 3.3. Close Passage.- § 4. Instabilities in Collisions of Elementary Particles.- § 1. Collisionless Kinetic Equation and Poisson Equation in Different Coordinate Systems.- § 2. Separation of Angular Variables in the Problem of Small Perturbations of Spherically Symmetrical Collisionless Systems.- § 3. Statistical Simulation of Stellar Systems.- 3.1. Simulation of Stellar Spheres of the First Camm Series.- 3.2. Simulation of Homogeneous Nonrotating Ellipsoids.- § 4. The Matrix Formulation of the Problem of Eigenoscillations of a Spherically-Symmetrical Collisionless System.- § 5. The Matrix Formulation of the Problem of Eigenoscillations of Collisionless Disk Systems.- 5.1. The Main Ideas of the Derivation of the Matrix Equation.- 5.2. “Lagrange” Derivation of the Matrix Equation.- § 6. Derivation of the Dispersion Equation for Perturbations of the Three-Axial Freeman Ellipsoid.- § 7. WKB Solutions of the Poisson Equation Taking into Account the Preexponential Terms and Solution of the Kinetic Equation in the Postepicyclic Approximation.- 7.1. The Relation Between the Potential and the Surface Density.- 7.2. Calculations of the Response of a Stellar Disk to an Imposed Perturbation of the Potential.- § 8. On the Derivation of the Nonlinear Dispersion Equation for Collisionless Disk.- § 9. Calculation of the Matrix Elements for the Three-Waves Interaction.- § 10. Derivation of the Formulas for the Boundaries of Wave Numbers Range Which May Take Part in a Decay.- §11. Derivation of the Kinetic Equation for Waves.- § 12. Table of Non-Jeans Instabilities (with a Short Summary).- References.- Additional References.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Astronomy on the Personal Computer
Book SynopsisA thorough introduction to the computation of celestial mechanics, covering everything from astronomical and computational theory to the construction of rapid and accurate applications programs. The book supplies the necessary knowledge and software solutions for determining and predicting positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, minor planets and comets, solar eclipses, stellar occultations by the Moon, phases of the Moon and much more. This completely revised edition takes advantage of C++, and individual applications may be efficiently realized through the use of a powerful module library. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the complete, fully documented and commented source codes as well as executable programs for Windows 98/2000/XP and LINUX.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Coordinate Systems.- 3 Calculation of Rising and Setting Times.- 4 Cometary Orbits.- 5 Special Perturbations.- 6 Planetary Orbits.- 7 Physical Ephemerides of the Planets.- 8 The Orbit of the Moon.- 9 Solar Eclipses.- 10 Stellar Occultations.- 11 Orbit Determination.- 12 Astrometry.- A.1 The Accompanying CD-ROM.- A.1.1 Contents.- A.1.2 System Requirements.- A.1.3 Executing the Programs.- A.2 Compiling and Linking the Programs.- A.2.1 General Advice on Computer-Specific Modifications.- A.2.2 Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows 98/2000/XP.- A.2.3 GNU C++ for Linux.- A.3 List of the Library Functions.- Symbols.
£94.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Chang’E-1 Topographic Atlas of the Moon
Book SynopsisThis atlas is based on the lunar global Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of Chang'E-1 (CE-1), and presents CCD stereo image data with digital photogrammetry. The spatial resolution of the DEM in this atlas is 500m, with horizontal accuracy of 192m and vertical accuracy of 120m. Color-shaded relief maps with contour lines are used to show the lunar topographical characteristics. The topographical data gathered by CE-1 can provide fundamental information for the study of lunar topographical, morphological and geological structures, as well as for lunar evolution research.Trade Review“This lovely, featured book will have you easily finding your way about the lunar surface. … I recommend ‘The Chang’E-1 Topographic Atlas of the Moon’ by Chunlai Li, Jianjun Liu, Lingli Mu, Xin Ren and Wei Zuo. It may guide you to all sorts of interesting features and finds.” (Mark Mortimer, Universe Today, universetoday.com, March, 2016)Table of ContentsPart I Introduction of the CCD Stereo Camera.- Part II Global topographic map of the Moon by CD-1.- Part III Subdivision topographic maps of the Moon.- Appendix – Gazetteer.
£116.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Im Kosmos zu Hause: Wie astronomische Fotografien
Book SynopsisWir Menschen wissen bereits seit über 400 Jahren, dass wir uns unverschämterweise nicht im Zentrum des Universums befinden. Dennoch war die Überraschung groß, als mit Beginn der Raumfahrt die ersten Fotografien der blauen Erdkugel auftauchten. Umweltaktivisten erschraken vor der Fragilität der Atmosphäre, Philosophinnen distanzierten sich vom Menschen und Landschaftsfotografen entdeckten fremde Welten in der bereits bekannten. Bernd Pröschold hat in Wüstenlandschaften, im Erdorbit und sogar in der Tiefsee außerirdisch anmutende Motive aufgespürt und zu einem essayistischen Bildband im Querformat verarbeitet. Vor kosmischer Kulisse zeichnet er die Konturen eines zweibeinigen Wesens, dessen Schicksal viel enger mit dem Weltall verwoben ist, als unsere Alltagserfahrung es erahnen lässt. Wir begeben uns auf einen visuellen Streifzug durch extraterrestrische Bildwelten, bereichert durch Zitate und Anekdoten – ein Muss für alle Naturfreunde, Philosophen und Weltraum-Fans.Table of Contents1 Ein neues Weltbild.- 2 Der Overview-Effekt.- 3 Entgrenzungserfahrung.- 4 Entgrenzungsphysik.- 5 Der Underview-Effekt.- 6 Kosmische Landschaften.- 7 Lichter der Nacht.
£31.34
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG New Windows into the Universe
Book Synopsis
£29.69
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press Planetary Radio Emissions VIII: Proceedings of
Book Synopsis
£86.45
Springer Be STARS
Book SynopsisThe idea of the symposium came during the XVllth General Assembly of the IAU at Montreal. The Working Group on Be stars adopted both the proposal of holding a meeting, and of having it at the Universitats- sternwarte Munich. The meeting was organized under the auspices of IAU Comm. 29 (Stel- lar Spectra) and the sponsorship of Comm. 45 (Stellar Classification). The Scientific Organizing Committee was composed of Mercedes Jaschek (chairman), W. Bonsack, C. de Loore, A. Feinstein, H. G. Groth, P. Harmanec, L. Houziaux, A. M. Hubert-De1p1ace, L. S. Luud, A. Slettebak and A. Underhill. The members of this committee are to be thanked for their devotion to the organization of what turned out to be a very successful meeting. The program was organized on an observational approach, comprising sessions on photometry, polarization, spectroscopy, infrared observations, rotation and binarity, X-ray observations, UV observations and mass loss, and atmospheric models. Each session started with an invited summary paper, followed by a number of contributions. The different sessions were chaired by A. Feinstein, R. Sta1io, C. de Loore, Ch. Fehrenbach, J. P. Swings, C. Jaschek, A. Sapar, G. T. Traving, M. de Groot and H. G. Groth. Upon request of the Working Group., a special session was devoted to bibliographic problems and observing campaigns. The Dean of the Faculty for Physics 0.GBP the Ludwig-Maximilians-, Universitat welcomed the participants at the beginning of the Symposium. The meeting was closed by a summary talk, delivered by ~. P. Snow.Table of ContentsI. Photometry.- 1. Some Photometric Characteristics of Be Stars (Review paper).- 2. A Study of Be Star Variability.- 3. Composite Colour-Magnitude and Colour-Colour Diagrams for Be Stars in Open Clusters.- 4. Statistical Analysis of the Data Available for Be Stars.- 5. Absolute Magnitudes and Intrinsic Colours of Non-Supergiant Be Stars.- 6. Luminosity Classification of Be Stars by Balmer Line Narrow Band Photometry.- 7. Long-Term Variation of Be Stars on the Color-Magnitude Diagram.- 8. The Vatican Emission Star Survey: Review and Comments.- 9. Light Variations in Several Broad-Lined B Stars.- 10. Correlations between BCD Parameters of the Continuous Spectrum and the Balmer Decrement of Be Stars.- 11. Intrinsic Reddening of Be Stars and its Relation with H? Emission Intensities.- 12. BCD Spectrophotometry of the Be-Shell Star 88 Her.- 13. Correlation between Spectrum Characteristics and Photometric Behaviour of Be Stars.- 14. Optical Variations of the Be Star HDE 245770/A 0535+26.- II. Polarization.- 15. Polarimetry and Physics of Be Star Envelopes (Review paper).- 16. Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Polarimetric Observations of ? Aqr.- 17. The Strongly Polarized P Cygni Star with Infrared Excess CPD -52° 9243.- 18. Polarization in Peculiar Emission-Line Objects.- III. Spectroscopy.- 19. Spectroscopic Observations of Be Stars in the Photographic and Visual Regions (Review paper).- 20. Statistical Properties of Be Stars.- 21. Results of a New Survey for Early-Type Emission Stars.- 22. Observation de la Raie Ha dans les Etoiles Be.- 23. On the Radiation Deficiency of Shell Stars in the Balmer Continuum.- 24. Intensifier-Dissector-Scanner Observations of the Bright Northern Be Stars.- 25. Optical Spectroscopy of HD 102567 (4U1145–61).- 26. Search of Long-Period Radial Velocity Variations in Some Be Stars.- 27. Spectroscopic Study of Pleione in 1977–1979.- 28. An Unusually Stable and Short Spectroscopic Period of the Be Star 28 CMa.- 29. The Variable Shell Phase of HD 184279 between 1976 and 1980.- 30. A Spectrographs Study of the Shell Star EW Lac.- 31. A Preliminary Report on Simultaneous Ultraviolet and Optical Observations of Lambda Eridani.- 32. Radial Velocity Variations in 69 Orionis.- 33. On Periodic Variations in the Spectrum of the B0e Star X Persei Associated with the X-Ray Source 3U 0352+30.- 34. Recent Changes of the Be Star HD 58050.- 35. R81: P Cygni of the LMC.- 36. On the Problem of the Chemical Composition of ? Lyrae.- IV. Infrared Observations.- 37. Spectroscopic Observations of Be Stars Especially in the Infrared.- 38. Le Spectre des Etoiles Oe dans le Rouge et le Proche Infrarouge.- 39. Infrared Photometry of Be Stars.- 40. Search for Variability in Near Infrared Fluxes of Peculiar Emission-Line Objects.- 41. Infrared Emission from Four Be Stars Optical Counterparts of Galactic X-Ray Sources.- 42. A Preliminary Digital Analysis of the Spectrum of ? Lyrae.- Bibliography and Observing Campaigns.- 43. Introductory Talk: Bibliography of Be Stars.- 44. A Catalogue of Be Stars.- 45. A Catalogue of Ha Observations.- 46. An Observing Campaign for Systematic Photoelectric Observations of Bright Be Stars.- 47. Spectroscopic Observing Campaign.- V. Rotation and Binarity.- 48. Rotation, Expansion and Duplicity of Be Stars (Review paper).- 49. The Evolution of Rapidly Rotating B/Be Stars.- 50. Determination of the Inclination of Rotational Axes and Rotational Velocity from the Line Profiles of Rotating Stars.- 51. Be Stars as Interacting Binaries.- 52. Radial-Velocity and Photometric Variations of o And: Critical Evaluation of Possible Periods.- 53. Rotational Velocity versus Mass Loss in Be Stars.- VI. X-Ray Observations.- 54. X-Ray Observations of Be Stars (Review paper).- 55. Be Components in X-Ray Binaries.- 56. Are Classical Be Stars Sources of Hard X-Rays?.- VII. UV Observations and Mass Loss.- 57. Ultraviolet Observations, Stellar Winds, and Mass Loss for Be Stars (Review paper).- 58. Stellar Winds and Mass-Loss Rates from Be Stars.- 59. Variation of Anomalous Stages of Ionization with Spectral Type for Be Stars.- 60. Mass Loss from ? Aquarii.- 61. The Expanding Atmosphere of HD 218393.- 62. The Peculiar Be Star HD 87643.- 63. Evidence for Mass Loss at Polar Latitudes in ? Ori and 66 Oph.- 64. Ultraviolet Observations of Interacting Binary Be Stars.- 65. Recent Changes in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Be Star HR 2855.- 66. The Active UV Phase of 59 Cyg.- 67. Far-Ultraviolet Colors of B Stars with and without Emission Lines.- 68. The Problem of X Persei.- 69. The Spectrum of HD 51585 in the Blue and in the Ultraviolet.- 70. UV Observations of ? Cas: Intermittent Mass-Loss Enhancement.- 71. IUE Observations of 17 Lep (HD 41511).- 72. Simultaneous IUE Ground-Based Spectroscopic Observations of the Variable LMC Star R71.- 73. Spectral Energy Distribution (119–685 nm) in 16 Shell Stars and a Tentative Model for Accreting Be Stars.- VIII. Atmospheric Models.- 74. Model Atmospheres of Be Stars (Review paper).- 75. Hydrodynamical Models of Rotating Magnetic Winds.- 76. Gross Structural Pattern for the Atmospheres of Be, and Some Closely Related, Stars.- 77. Theoretical Surface Brightness Distributions and Continuum Polarization of Rapidly Rotating B Stars.- 78. On the Balmer Progression Phenomena in Be Stars.- 79. On the Spectrum of the Herbig Be Star HD 200775.- 80. Spectroscopic Investigations of Herbig-Ae-Be-Stars.- Summary Talk.- 81. The Continuing Saga of the Be Stars.- Author’s Index.
£67.49
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Chinese Astrology And Astronomy: An Outside
Book SynopsisChinese Astrology and Astronomy: An Outside History discusses the ancient Chinese's needs and reasons for engaging in astronomy. It presents the study on ancient astronomical phenomena and manuals, and analyzes the cosmological views of ancient Chinese. It also expounds the nature and functions of astronomy to ancient Chinese, as well as its difference from the western modern astronomy of today, exploring on new issues in a bold but logical fashion, and offering arguments that challenge even the views of authority.This book stands as a translated version, by Chen Wenan, an associate professor of Ningbo University, of the original Chinese publication Tianxue Waishi by Jiang Xiaoyuan.
£108.00
World Scientific Publishing Company Enchantment Of Urania The 25 Centuries Of
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£121.50
World Scientific Publishing Company Enchantment Of Urania The 25 Centuries Of
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£52.25
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Neutrinos In Physics And Astrophysics
Book SynopsisThis book covers the field of neutrino physics and astrophysics, providing an up-to-date presentation of the different research topics on the frontier of the field. It starts with a historical description to understand how the different aspects of our knowledge about the neutrinos evolved up to the present state. The main required elements of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions are introduced, and the different neutrino interactions and detection techniques are presented. We introduce the various ways to give neutrinos a mass and the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations which provides the main evidence for non-vanishing neutrino masses. We then consider the neutrinos produced in the Sun, what we have learned from them, and how they can also be useful to study our star. The geoneutrinos produced by the radioactivity in the Earth are discussed and the status of their detection is presented. We survey the neutrino production in the supernova explosions at the end of the life of very massive stars, what has been observed in SN1987A, and what could be learned from a future supernova or from the observation of the diffuse supernova neutrino background. We describe in detail the neutrino production by cosmic rays interacting in the atmosphere, the evidence for their flavor oscillations, and the oscillograms to describe their flavor change in terrestrial matter. The different mechanisms of production of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and the observations achieved with the IceCube detector are presented, also discussing their flavor content by means of the flavor triangle. We then examine the cosmological neutrino background, its impact on Big Bang nucleosynthesis and on the CMB observations, with the associated bound on their masses and effective number. Finally, we review the basics of the leptogenesis scenarios, which provide an attractive explanation for the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
£76.00
Springer Verlag, Singapore The Sky Eye: Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)
Book SynopsisThis book introduces the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), also known as the "The Sky Eye", one of the China’s big science facilities. Using easy-to-understand language, the book covers the scientific background, construction process, achievements, and effects of FAST on the development of the national economy. With a large number of intuitive and vivid images and videos, the book presents basic information on FAST for general readers who are interested in astronomy.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The way to the Universe.- Chapter 2. The Sky Eye explores the sky.- Chapter 3. Big scientific facilities—China’s innovations.- Chapter 4. The long march of the dream chaser.- Chapter 5. Memorabilia.
£25.19
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array
Book SynopsisThis book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide.CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.
£108.00
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Astronomical Spectroscopy: An Introduction To The
Book SynopsisNew Edition: Astronomical Spectroscopy (3rd Edition)Nearly all information about the Universe comes from the study of light as it reaches us. However, understanding the information contained in this light requires both telescopes capable of resolving it into its component colours and a detailed knowledge of the quantum mechanical behaviour of atoms and molecules. This book, which is based on a third-year undergraduate course taught by the author at University College London, presents the basic atomic and molecular physics necessary to understand and interpret astronomical spectra. It explains how and what kind of information can be extracted from these spectra. Contemporary astronomical spectra are used extensively to study the underlying atomic physics and illustrate the results.Table of ContentsWhy Record Spectra of Astronomical Objects?; The Nature of Spectra; Atomic Hydrogen; Complex Atoms; Helium Spectra; Alkali Atoms; Nebulae Spectra; X-Ray Spectra; Magnetic Field Effects; Molecular Structure; Pure Rotational Spectra; Vibrational Spectra; Electronic Spectra of Molecules.
£51.30
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Astronomical Spectroscopy: An Introduction To The
Book SynopsisNew Edition: Astronomical Spectroscopy (3rd Edition)Nearly all information about the Universe comes from the study of light as it reaches us. However, understanding the information contained in this light requires both telescopes capable of resolving it into its component colours and a detailed knowledge of the quantum mechanical behaviour of atoms and molecules. This book, which is based on a third-year undergraduate course taught by the author at University College London, presents the basic atomic and molecular physics necessary to understand and interpret astronomical spectra. It explains how and what kind of information can be extracted from these spectra. Contemporary astronomical spectra are used extensively to study the underlying atomic physics and illustrate the results.Table of ContentsWhy Record Spectra of Astronomical Objects?; The Nature of Spectra; Atomic Hydrogen; Complex Atoms; Helium Spectra; Alkali Atoms; Nebulae Spectra; X-Ray Spectra; Magnetic Field Effects; Molecular Structure; Pure Rotational Spectra; Vibrational Spectra; Electronic Spectra of Molecules.
£31.35
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Wspc Handbook Of Astronomical Instrumentation,
Book SynopsisReview of Volume 4:'The Handbook can be a good reference for a higher-degree science student approaching the subject or for an expert in a similar field in astronomical instrumentation. The reader requiring an in-depth presentation of a specific topic will be guided by the rich reference lists included at the end of each chapter.'The ObservatoryOur goal is to produce a comprehensive handbook of the current state of the art of astronomical instrumentation with a forward view encompassing the next decade. The target audience is graduate students with an interest in astronomical instrumentation, as well as practitioners interested in learning about the state of the art in another wavelength band or field closely related to the one in which they currently work. We assume a working knowledge of the fundamental theory: optics, semiconductor physics, etc. The purpose of this handbook is to bring together some of the leading experts in the world to discuss the frontier of astronomical instrumentation across the electromagnetic spectrum and extending into multimessenger astronomy.Table of ContentsVolume 1: Radio Astronomical Instrumentation: Radio Telescopes: Single Dish Telescopes; Interferometry, Aperture Synthesis, and VLBI; Low Frequency Arrays; Space Telescopes; Feeds and Feed Systems: Long Wavelengths; Millimeter/Meter Wavelengths; Bolometers for Submillimeter Telescopes; Focal Array Systems; Receivers: Receivers and Signal Processing; Backends: Spectrometers; Pulsar Backends; Polarimetry; Appendix: Radio Astronomy Vocabulary; Volume 2: Ground Based Optical and Infrared Instrumentation: Detectors: Visible; Near Infrared (NIR); Mid-Infrared (MIR); Emerging Technologies (TES, etc.); High Resolution Imaging: Optical and Infrared Interferometry; Adaptive Optics (AO); Extreme AO; Solar Adaptive Optics; Fiber Optics: Multimode Fibers; Bragg Grating/Photonic Fibers; Single Mode Fibers; Non-Silicate Fibers (IR); Related Technology: Polarization Techniques; Filter Technology; Optical Coatings; Optical Fabrication; Grating Technology;; Volume 3: UV, Optical, and Near-Infrared Instruments: Wide Field Imagers: Visible (DecCam, HyperSuPrime, LSST); NIR (VISTA); Spectroscopy: Low Resolution and Broad-Band Spectrographs; High Resolution Visible; High Resolution NIR; High Resolution MIR; Ultra-High Precision Doppler Spectroscopy; Visible Multi Object Spectroscopy; NIR Multi Object Spectroscopy; Spectropolarimetry; IFUs; Interferometer Based Instruments: Fabry Perot Spectrographs; Fourier Transform Spectrographs; Dispersed Interferometers; Spectral Calibration Technology; UV Instrumentation;; Volume 4: X-Ray Astronomical Instrumentation (0.1-100 keV): X-Ray Optics: Wolter-I Optics; Si Pore Optics; Slumped Glass Mirrors; Adjustable Optics; Lobster-Eye Optics; Full-Shell Replicated Optics; Multilayer Coatings; X-Ray Detectors: X-Ray CCDs; DEPFET; CMOS; Large Scale Silicon Drift Detectors; Silicon Strip Detectors; Microcalorimeters; ADRs; CZT/CdTel; X-Ray Gratings: Critical-Angle Transmission Gratings; Off-Plane X-Ray Gratings; X-Ray Polarimetry: X-Ray Polarimeters;; Volume 5: Gamma-Ray and Multimessenger Astronomical Instrumentation (> 100 keV): Gamma-Ray Imaging (Coded Apertures, Laue Lenses, etc.); Scintillators; Compton Imagers; Pair Production Imaging Telescopes; Pair Production Analysis Software; Air Cerenkov TeV Telescopes; Water Cerenkov TeV Telescopes; Neutrino Instrumentation; Gravitational Wave Instrumentation; Ground-Based Cosmic Ray Detectors; Space-Based Cosmic Ray Detectors;
£1,530.00
Springer Position and Motion of Celestial Bodies
Book SynopsisPart I Position of Celestial Bodies.- Measurement of Position.- Representation of Position.- Part II Motion of Celestial Bodies.- Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics.- Orbital Motion.- Rotational Motion.- Appendix A. Constants.- Appendix B. Mathematical Formulae.- Appendix C. Symbols.- Appendix D. Model Answers to Exercises.
£66.49
Springer Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium of
Book Synopsis
£164.99
