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Book SynopsisThe definitive textbook from one of the most-cited scholars in the field of peace and conflict research. Understanding Conflict Resolution - the updated Sixth Edition - is a contemporary and fully revised introduction to resolving wars within and between states. It illustrates the ways to secure peace in the aftermath of all forms of political violence: from using armed force against civilians to gender-based violence; genocide to terrorism. Building on the many peace agreements that have been concluded in the past 30 years, this book draws on the UCDP, a definitive source for data on conflicts, wars and peace, and offers pathways to peace agreements in today’s increasingly unpredictable global political landscape. Featuring the latest research and with examples throughout, including an analysis of the origins and dynamics of the Russia-Ukraine war, this text introduces the tools to understand conflict resolution and analyse future challenges to global peace. This new edition has been fully revised and updated. It includes a contemporary focus on issues and examples that reflect the dynamics of political conflict today, and the addition of three cases to demonstrate application of theory and conclusions drawing from the latest research and up-to-date UCDP data. The perfect guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking Peace and Conflict courses, and wider Programmes in Negotiations, Mediation, and the UN. Peter Wallensteen is a leading expert on international peace, Senior Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University, Sweden, and the founder and former director of UCDP, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. He holds the position of Richard G. Starmann, Sr. Professor Emeritus in Peace Studies, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, US. Table of ContentsThe Problem And How To Approach IT Understanding Conflict Resolution Armed Conflicts And Peace Agreements Approaches To Conflict Resolution Analysing Conflict Resolution Basics Of Conflict Resolution The Resolution Of Conflicts Between States Conflict Resolution In Civil Wars Conflict Resolution In State Formation Conflicts Complexities In Conflict Resolution Conflict Complexes And Internationalization Of Conflicts International Organizations In Conflict Resolution Coercion And Enforcement Conflict Prevention And Peacebuilding Lessons For Conflict Resolution Locating Universal Themes For Conflict Resolution Global Challenges To Conflict Resolution Prospects For Peacebuilding In The 2020s

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Book SynopsisThe postwar period saw increased interest in the idea of relatively easy-to-manufacture but devastatingly lethal radiological munitions whose use would not discriminate between civilian and military targets. Death Dust explores the largely unknown history of the development of radiological weapons (RW)—weapons designed to disperse radioactive material without a nuclear detonation—through a series of comparative case studies across the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Iraq, and Egypt. The authors illuminate the historical drivers of and impediments to radiological weapons innovation. They also examine how new, dire geopolitical events—such as the war in Ukraine—could encourage other states to pursue RW and analyze the impact of the spread of such weapons on nuclear deterrence and the nonproliferation regime. Death Dust presents practical, necessary steps to reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of interest in and pursuit of radiological weapons by state actors.Trade Review"In this meticulously researched history of states pursuing the dirty bomb, the authors show how countries like the US, Russia, and the UK concluded that it is a weapon of mass disruption, not mass destruction, and not worth pursuing. They present excellent suggestions how to keep it that way. A great read."—Siegfried S. Hecker, author of Hinge Points: An Inside Look at North Korea's Nuclear Program"Sherlock Holmes solved a mystery by focusing on what didn't happen: a dog that didn't bark. The authors of this rigorously researched volume similarly explain why a widely expected event didn't happen—why several countries developed and tested radiological weapons but never deployed or used them, even though they are relatively cheap, easy to make, and assumed to have devastating effects. Their meticulous and highly readable analysis not only sheds light on a long-dormant mystery of the nuclear age, it also provides valuable insights into whether and under what circumstances states may again pursue radiological weapons and offers practical recommendations for mitigating the dangers of their possible future development. With evidence that interest in radiation dispersal as a weapon of war may be returning—for example, Russia's Poseidon "super torpedo"—Death Dust is especially timely and should be read by nuclear policymakers as well as members of the general public concerned about the nuclear threat."—Robert Einhorn, Brookings Institution, former Assistant Secretary of State for Nonproliferation"This exceptional account of the development of radiological weapons—'death dust'—is powerful and comprehensive. The authors reveal the history of such weapons programs around the world. Their analysis of Russian threats to use radiological weapons in Ukraine is a reminder that this danger lives on."—Rose Gottemoeller, Stanford University, former Under Secretary for Arms Control and International SecurityTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The United States 2. The Soviet Union 3. The United Kingdom 4. Egypt 5. Iraq Conclusion: Patterns across Cases and Prospects for the Future

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Book SynopsisSanctions have enormous consequences. Especially when imposed by a country with the economic influence of the United States, sanctions induce clear shockwaves in both the economy and political culture of the targeted state, and in the everyday lives of citizens. But do economic sanctions induce the behavioral changes intended? Do sanctions work in the way they should? To answer these questions, the authors of How Sanctions Work highlight Iran, the most sanctioned country in the world. Comprehensive sanctions are meant to induce uprisings or pressures to change the behavior of the ruling establishment, or to weaken its hold on power. But, after four decades, the case of Iran shows the opposite to be true: sanctions strengthened the Iranian state, impoverished its population, increased state repression, and escalated Iran's military posture toward the U.S. and its allies in the region. Instead of offering an 'alternative to war,' sanctions have become a cause of war. Consequently, How Sanctions Work reveals how necessary it is to understand how sanctions really work.Trade Review"There is no shortage of publications on the Iran sanctions, but it is rare to see such detailed, serious work on this topic by highly knowledgeable scholars. How Sanctions Work introduces a wealth of information and perspectives not generally found in the existing Western academic literature."—Joy Gordon, author of Invisible War: The United States and the Iraq Sanctions"A vital study of the most tragic case in the recent history of economic sanctions. Bajoghli, Nasr, Salehi-Isfahani, and Vaez powerfully demonstrate how large the gap between the severe material effects and the limited political efficacy of sanctions against Iran has grown."—Nicholas Mulder, author of The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War"An indispensable book on sanctions' impacts in Iran, How Sanctions Work, opens a window into the fraught, little-understood, but ubiquitous and hugely consequential practice that seems to have supplanted diplomacy in current foreign policy and international relations. This volume shifts our understandings of what sanctions do—in Iran and beyond."—Arzoo Osanloo, author of Forgiveness Work: Mercy, Law, and Victims' Rights in Iran"For the analysts in Washington and Tehran newly evaluating sanctions and their effects, How Sanctions Work is a valuable resource. By centering the targeted country in the discussion of sanctions efficacy, Bajoghli, Nasr, Salehi-Isfahani, and Vaez demonstrate what a case study on sanctions should look like."—Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, Responsible StatecraftTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Invisible War 1. When Society Is Sanctioned 2. When Politics Is Sanctioned 3. When Iran Was Sanctioned 4. When an Economy Is Sanctioned 5. What Sanctions Cost the United States 6. What Sanctions Cost Iran—and the World Conclusion: Permanent Siege

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Book SynopsisThe possibility of a nuclear war that could destroy civilization has influenced the course of international affairs since 1945, suspended like a sword of Damocles above the heads of the world's leaders. The fact that we have escaped a third world war involving strategic nuclear weapons—indeed, that no atomic weapon of limited power has yet been used under battlefield conditions—seems nothing short of a miracle. Revisiting debates on the effectiveness and ethics of nuclear deterrence, Jean-Pierre Dupuy is led to reformulate some of the most difficult questions in philosophy. He develops a counterintuitive but powerful theory of apocalyptic prophecy: once a major catastrophe appears to be possible, one must assume that it will in fact occur. Dupuy shows that the contradictions and paradoxes riddling discussions of deterrence arise from the tension between two opposite conceptions of time: one in which the future depends on decisions and strategy, and another in which every occurring event is one that could not have failed to occur. Considering the immense destructive power of nuclear warheads and the almost unimaginable ruin they are bound to cause, Dupuy reaches a provocative conclusion: whether they bring about good or evil does not depend on the present or future intentions of those who are in a position to use them. The mere possession of nuclear weapons is a moral abomination.Trade Review"A stimulating read, essential for understanding the remaining options afforded to our civilization, now that we live with the irreversibility of the nuclear bomb."—Diane Delaurens, Nonfiction"We all live under the shadow of a forthcoming catastrophe: pandemic, ecological disaster, nuclear war. Our reactions to such threats are often irrational, and Dupuy provides a superbly readable rational analysis of all these irrationalities: why the logic of nuclear MAD (mutually assured destruction) is really mad, why nuclear threats are never just rhetoric but can trigger an actual catastrophe, why sometimes to be taken seriously one has to act as if one is mad, why the only rational strategy is to accept that things can at any moment go wrong. Dupuy is our best theorist of catastrophes and his new book is a book for all of us—in a well-organized state, it would be massively printed and freely distributed to all families. So it is vulgar and trivial to say that this is an excellent book—it is rather a book that we all need like ordinary daily bread."—Slavoj Žižek, author of Surplus-Enjoyment"This is a provocative exploration of the paradoxes of nuclear deterrence. If we are to postpone nuclear catastrophe indefinitely, Dupuy argues, we must understand that nuclear war is not merely possible but bound to occur."—David Holloway, author of Stalin and the Bomb"Dupuy provides an extremely important service by bringing much-needed attention to the existential risk that society largely ignored prior to the war in Ukraine and, even now, does not take seriously enough. Highly recommended."—Martin E. Hellman, winner of the Turing Award"Dupuy, one of the most incisive thinkers of our times, allows us to rethink history while it is in the making. This book is mandatory reading for anyone who seeks to understand our present."—Frank Ruda, coauthor of Reading Hegel"Most of us navigate our private joys and woes without thinking about collective nuclear annihilation. This is not because the threat has vanished. It is because it is unthinkable. In this compelling work of rational doomsaying, Dupuy models how to think the unthinkable. The result is a challenging and urgent book."—Alison McQueen, author of Political Realism in Apocalyptic TimesTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. One Minute from Apocalypse and Why (Almost) No One Gives a Damn 2. MAD: The Birth of a Structure 3. The Pure Theory of MAD 4. Metaphysical MAD Appendix

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis creative and well-researched book convincingly shows that relatively weak states can coerce stronger superpowers by threatening to build nuclear weapons. It teaches us that having the mere capacity to make nuclear weapons—known as 'nuclear latency'—can shape international relations. Volpe's book is essential reading for anyone interested in nuclear proliferation, coercion, or crisis bargaining. * Matthew Fuhrmann, Professor of Political Science and Presidential Impact Fellow, Texas A&M University *Tristan Volpe has written a fascinating book exploring how states use the potential to acquire nuclear weapons, known as nuclear latency, to gain influence in international politics. He theorizes the existence of a Goldilocks Zone where states with just enough nuclear latency can both issue threats and make assurances, and tests his theory across a wide range of case studies, from Japan to Iran. The in-depth cases are interesting, well-written, and strongly support his argument. I highly recommend this to those interested in international politics, and especially in issues surrounding nuclear proliferation and nuclear weapons. * Michael C. Horowitz, Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania *Leveraging Latency reminds us that even hypothetical military capabilities can be used as bargaining power. But as Volpe elegantly explains, countries must perform a delicate balancing act to extract real concessions from military potential. His rich case studies illuminate the strategic logic of nuclear latency, revealing the hidden dilemmas and tradeoffs of bargaining over nuclear programs. Students of coercive diplomacy and nuclear proliferation will find this book indispensable. * Todd S. Sechser, Pamela Feinour Edmonds and Franklin S. Edmonds, Jr. Discovery Professor of Politics and Public Policy, University of Virginia *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: A Theory of Compellence with Nuclear Latency Chapter 3: Japan Chapter 4: West Germany Chapter 5: North Korea Chapter 6: Iran Chapter 7: Conclusion Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisPresents the complete text of thirty-four treaties that have effectively contained the spread of nuclear, biological, and conventional weapons during the Cold War and beyond. This title is suitable for diplomats, international lawyers, and arms control specialists.Table of ContentsAbbreviations and Acronyms Preface Introduction 1. The 1925 Geneva Protocol 2. The Antarctic Treaty 3. The "Hot Line" Agreements 4. The Limited Test Ban Treaty 5. The Outer Space Treaty 6. Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaties 7. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 8. Special Non-Proliferation Treaty Safeguards Agreements 9. The Seabed Arms Control Treaty 10. The "Accidents Measures" Agreement 11. The Biological Weapons Convention 12. The Incidents at Sea Agreement 13. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 14. The Threshold Test Ban Treaty 15. The Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty 16. The Environmental Modification Convention 17. The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 18. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 19. Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers 20. The Ballistic Missile Launch Notification Agreement 21. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 22. The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty 23. The Open Skies Treaty 24. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START I & II) 25. The Chemical Weapons Convention 26. The Agreed Framework 27. Confidence and Security Measures Documents 28. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 29. The Ottawa Convention on Landmines 30. Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions Conclusions Appendix

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Book SynopsisThe definitive guide to the history of nuclear arms control by a wise eavesdropper and masterful storyteller, Michael Krepon. The greatest unacknowledged diplomatic achievement of the Cold War was the absence of mushroom clouds. Deterrence alone was too dangerous to succeed; it needed arms control to prevent nuclear warfare. So, U.S. and Soviet leaders ventured into the unknown to devise guardrails for nuclear arms control and to treat the Bomb differently than other weapons. Against the odds, they succeeded. Nuclear weapons have not been used in warfare for three quarters of a century. This book is the first in-depth history of how the nuclear peace was won by complementing deterrence with reassurance, and then jeopardized by discarding arms control after the Cold War ended. Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace tells a remarkable story of high-wire acts of diplomacy, close calls, dogged persistence, and extraordinary success. Michael Krepon brings to life the pitched battles between arms controllers and advocates of nuclear deterrence, the ironic twists and unexpected outcomes from Truman to Trump. What began with a ban on atmospheric testing and a nonproliferation treaty reached its apogee with treaties that mandated deep cuts and corralled "loose nukes" after the Soviet Union imploded. After the Cold War ended, much of this diplomatic accomplishment was cast aside in favor of freedom of action. The nuclear peace is now imperiled by no less than four nuclear-armed rivalries. Arms control needs to be revived and reimagined for Russia and China to prevent nuclear warfare. New guardrails have to be erected. Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace is an engaging account of how the practice of arms control was built from scratch, how it was torn down, and how it can be rebuilt.Trade Review"Michael Krepon, a child of the Cold War, dedicated his career to the effort to reduce the risk of a nuclear Armageddon. Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace is the culmination of his career. This chronicle of the leaders in Washington and Moscow who negotiated agreements to avert nuclear danger is powerful and wise."—Strobe Talbott, Former Deputy Secretary of State"Until now, there has been no comprehensive history of nuclear arms control; Michael Krepon's masterful Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace fills that ICBM-size hole in the field. A must-read to understand our past efforts to tame the nuclear arms race, so that we can pursue them successfully again."—Vipin Narang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace makes a uniquely important contribution to arms control literature. It is exceptionally well-written and clear, providing valuable insights into how we have managed to avoid a nuclear war these past 75 years, and how to continue that avoidance despite the collapse of treaties."—William J. Perry, Former Secretary of Defense"Krepon's refreshingly realist message is that the world is stuck in the nuclear age: the idea of abolishing nuclear weapons and the notion of finding war-winning strategies for their use are both forms of escapism."—Lawrence D. Freedman, Foreign Affairs"Michael Krepon's book Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace: The Rise, Demise, and Revival of Arms Control comes at the perfect time... The book makes three important contributions. First, it should become the definitive text on the topic of arms control and the volume of choice for university courses on arms control, deterrence, and nuclear policy more broadly... Second, in telling such a detailed history, Krepon, albeit indirectly, provides a playbook for understanding when, why, and how arms control has succeeded in the past. This is a timely contribution. Finally, Krepon's vision for the future of arms control is an ambitious one that may face practical challenges but should inspire scholars to engage with the first principles of arms control."—Heather Williams, Arms Control Today"Krepon expertly stitches together a comprehensive historical account of arms control. As the title suggests, Krepon's scholarly endeavour traces the ebbs and flows of the US arms control journey. Using his knack for storytelling, the author brings to the fore how, in the United States, individual grit and political will trumped systemic reticence to embrace arms control."—Rabia Akhtar, International Affairs"Offer[ing] thoughtful arguments about the format and purpose of arms control in the past, present and future...Krepon's magisterial account emphasises the hard work and political vision that even a modest approach to arms control entails. Future generations of arms-controllers will find rich insights in this important book." –Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer, Survival"Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peaceis a magisterial assessment of the entire eight decades of diplomatic history of nuclear arms control and its symbiotic relationship with deterrence. Michael Krepon covers both East-West negotiations and non-proliferation efforts world-wide, focusing on the people who made nuclear arms control and those who opposed them – their motives, tactics, the interactions among them, their successes and failures, as well as the political environments in which they operated. The book is written in an engaging prose making the subject accessible not just to experts, but also to general audiences and students. It is likely to remain the standard reference for many years"—American Academy of Diplomacy"Arms control is what states make of it. The criteria for its success or failure are often underspecified, leaving it open to an unnecessarily broad range of criticism. Krepon's magisterial account emphasises the hard work and political vision that even a modest approach to arms control entails. Future generations of arms-controllers will find rich insights in this important book."—Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer, The Survival Editor's Blog"Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace is... a passing of the baton from one of the elder statesmen of American arms control – a baton wrapped in marching orders for a new generation of analysts and advocates."—Paul Esau, Canadian Military HistoryTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. A Prehistory of Nuclear Arms Control 2. Eisenhower's Halting Steps 3. Kennedy, Johnson, and Early Successes 4. Johnson and the Quest for Strategic Arms Control 5. Nixon, Kissinger, and the SALT I Accords 6. Nixon Falls and SALT II Stalls 7. Ford, Kissinger, and the Death of Détente 8. Carter, SALT II, and the Reckoning 9. Reagan's Roller Coaster Ride 10. Breakthrough 11. George H.W. Bush at Peak Performance 12. Consolidating Gains 13. Stalling Out 14. Shedding Treaties 15. Reality Overtakes Hope 16. Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin 17. Reaffirming Norms, Reducing Numbers

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Book SynopsisCosmopolitan Dystopia shows that rather than populists or authoritarian great powers it is cosmopolitan liberals who have done the most to subvert the liberal international order. Cosmopolitan Dystopia explains how liberal cosmopolitanism has led us to treat new humanitarian crises as unprecedented demands for military action, thereby trapping us in a loop of endless war. Attempts to normalize humanitarian emergency through the doctrine of the ‘responsibility to protect’ has made for a paternalist understanding of state power that undercuts the representative functions of state sovereignty. The legacy of liberal intervention is a cosmopolitan dystopia of permanent war, insurrection by cosmopolitan jihadis and a new authoritarian vision of sovereignty in which states are responsible for their peoples rather than responsible to them. This book will be of vital interest to scholars and students of international relations, IR theory and human rights.Trade Review'Written by one of the top analysts in the peacebuilding field, this highly readable book provides a wealth of fresh and powerful insights. Brimming with new and important framings, from the cosmopolitan dystopia of the title to the treatments of humanitarian anti-diplomacy and new forms of hierarchical sovereignty, this book is a must read for students and practitioners alike.’David Chandler, Professor of International Relations, University of Westminster‘This book presents a fundamental challenge to all those who have understood globalisation, humanitarian interventions, and the almost universal acceptance of the "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P) as progressive steps in the development of international relations. Philip Cunliffe has produced a powerful set of arguments to uncover the logic of contemporary liberal interventions. Far from being progressive, he argues, these interventions have ushered in a cosmopolitan dystopia, destroyed conventional state sovereignty, eroded traditional modes of politics, and undermined long-standing practices of diplomacy which sought to resolve competing state interests.’Mervyn Frost, Professor of International Relations, King’s College London'This elegantly written and wide-ranging critique suggests that the current strains in the liberal international order stem not from external forces, or so-called illiberal challengers, but rather from Western states' own attempts to undermine the foundational principle of non-intervention. Through his twin concepts of "inverted revisionism" and "the politics of exception", Cunliffe offers a rich account of how liberal ideals came to fuel episodes of Western hubris, which have in turn contributed to on-going conflict and instability. Provocative and essential reading.'Jennifer M. Welsh, Canada 150 Chair in Global Governance and Security, McGill University'Trading in big ideas and compellingly argued, Cosmopolitan Dystopia presents an incisive analysis of contemporary international relations and the fault lines that structure it. Viewed in its totality, what Cunliffe’s book offers us, in his own words, is a razor-sharp set of reflections on the stories we tell ourselves about the international order.'Ethics & International Affairs. -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction: the rise of cosmopolitan dystopia1 Inverted revisionism and the subversion of the liberal international order2 Through the looking-glass: the new critics of intervention3 What should we do? The politics of humanitarian exceptionalism4 Failed states, failed empires and the new paternalismConclusion: waiting for the AmericansNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisWritten in a lively and readable style by the world’s leading authority on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and US-European relations, Defense of the West is the history of a transatlantic security relationship that has endured for over seventy years.This latest edition of a classic work looks at how developments inside NATO and European Union member states affect their ability to defend against external threats while preserving Western values, in the era of Trump and Brexit. Sloan frankly addresses the failures and shortcomings of Western institutions and member states. But the book emphasizes the continuing importance of value-based transatlantic security cooperation as a vital element of the defense and foreign policies of NATO and EU member states.At a time of heightened tension and political turmoil, at home and abroad, Stan Sloan’s lucid and far-sighted analysis is more necessary than ever.Trade Review'America's NATO allies are vital for her twenty first-century political and military goals. Sloan's comprehensive study provides rich history, international context, and astute perspectives with which to consider what NATO is today and how it may develop next - all necessary and timely for the US electorate and US President in NATO's sixth decade and beyond. This book will inform and stimulate your understanding of both a successful and challenged NATO alliance.' Lawrence Chalmer, Former Director of the NATO Orientation Course and Professor Emeritus, National Defense University, Washington, D.C. 'For over thirty-five years Stan Sloan has used Harlan Cleveland's concept of the transatlantic bargain with great success in exploring NATO's history. With its emphasis on the problems of the twenty-first century this volume continues his quest. It marks him as the most important American authority in the field of NATO historiography. His book belongs on the shelf of every person interested in the future of the transatlantic relationship.' Lawrence S. Kaplan, Director Emeritus, Lyman L. Lemnitzer Center for NATO and European Union Studies, Kent State University 'Few people understand NATO better than Stan Sloan. Defense of the West provides a uniquely authoritative account of the alliance's history and the many challenges it must address if it is going to continue to contribute to our collective security.' Sir Lawrence Freedman, Emeritus Professor of War Studies, King's College London 'The book appears to be aimed at a student audience, as demonstrated by the "questions for discussion" at the end of each chapter, but its comprehensiveness makes it almost a NATO Handbook.' Nato Review 'Stanley Sloan's book makes an important contribution to our understanding of NATO, and in doing so, can help us chart our way to its future development more coherently.' Wing Commander Keith Dear, RAF Centre for Air Power Studies 2017 'Anyone who takes an interest in the future of the Alliance, Europe, and global security will find this book simultaneously thought-provoking and indispensable.' Sten Rynning, Joint Force Quarterly 'One of the most delightful aspects of Defense of the West is its user-friendliness. Sloan provides important appendices, including the text of the North Atlantic Treaty (1949), on which NATO is founded, and the text of NATO's most recent Strategic Concept, the product of the 2010 Lisbon Summit. Sloan also provides discussion questions at the end of each chapter, making the text ideal for international relations or history seminars at the university level, reading groups, or personal study.' Justin Dell, Nato Association of Canada'This welcome reissue brings the history of the Atlantic Alliance up to date with the rise of China, Brexit and the election of President Trump. Any sceptic tempted to write off NATO should read this book to understand the enduring shared interests and values that stand behind the transatlantic bargain.'Professor Sir David Omand GCB, Visiting Professor, King's College, London'An impressive volume: it offers a well-informed, jargon-free history of NATO, as well as some almost philosophical reflections of a seasoned observer of the transatlantic community.' NATO Review -- .Table of ContentsForeword by Lawrence FreedmanPart I: Cold War alliance1 The transatlantic bargain and defense of the West2 Genesis of the bargain3 The transatlantic bargain revised4 The bargain through the Cold War, 1954–19895 The United States and Europe at the end of the Cold War: some fundamental factorsPart II: Post-Cold War alliance6 The 1990s: transitions and challenges7 The 2000s: turbulent transatlantic ties8 The 2010s: new tasks, new traumasPart III: Defense of the West 9 External threats and internal challenges10 Can the West survive? Appendix 1: The North Atlantic Treaty: Washington D.C. – April 4, 1949Appendix 2: Active Engagement, Modern Defence, NATO Strategic Concept, November 20, 2010Select bibliographyAbout the authorIndex

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Book SynopsisA reevaluation of conflict thresholds in the context of complex cyber, conventional, and nuclear warThe return of great power competition has renewed concerns about managing escalation, lest a minor crisis inadvertently spiral into nuclear war. This has become apparent during the war between Russia and Ukraine, as Western aid for Ukraine has been predicated on avoiding Russian escalation. The New Calculus of Escalation updates our understanding of conflict escalation dynamics for the twenty-first century with the goal of reducing the possibility of a catastrophic war. To improve mutual understanding among states, Libicki rethinks conflict thresholds and exit ramps that manage escalation. During the Cold War, there were two critical thresholdsone between peace and war, and one between conventional war and nuclear war. But ongoing developments in cyber and other advanced military technologies threaten command and control and blur the old thresholds. Military strategists, international relations scholars, and graduate students will benefit from this book's cogent analytic framework in shaping future debates.

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Book SynopsisAfter many years in the little-known world of back-channel mediation, helping sworn adversaries to prevent, manage or resolve conflict, Pierre Hazan felt compelled to re-examine the acute practical and ethical dilemmas that affected his work in Bosnia, Ukraine, the Sahel and the Central African Republic. What is the mediator’s responsibility when two belligerents conclude a peace agreement to the detriment of a third? Should mediators never be party to ‘ethnic cleansing’, even if it saves lives? Is a fragile peace worth sacrificing justice for—or will that sacrifice fuel another cycle of violence? In an increasingly dystopian world, Negotiating with the Devil offers both practical guidelines and a moral compass for mediators whose field of action has transformed dramatically. We have gone from soft to hard power; from ‘peace dividends’ to war in Europe; from the end of one Cold War to a new East–West confrontation in Ukraine; from Pax Americana to a multipolar world; from the dream of an all-powerful UN to the organisation’s marginalisation. Against this tapestry, Hazan sheds light on the complex work of those steering peace negotiations, blending vivid first-hand observation with sharp insights into the psychology of compromise as a first step towards peace.Trade Review‘Analyses with finesse what this quest for dialogue means in an increasingly chaotic world where the West is no longer hegemonic.’ * Le Monde *‘Revisits the last thirty years in the theatre of mass crimes from Bosnia to the Sahel, from Ukraine to Afghanistan.’ * Liberation *‘‘Lifts the veil on the dilemmas and pitfalls of mediation in armed conflicts.’ * Le Figaro *‘An enlightening and stimulating book on mediation in armed conflicts.’ * Le Temps *‘Former journalist, and now advisor to the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in Geneva, Pierre Hazan has written Negotiating with the Devil. In this stimulating opus, the author examines mediation in times of war.’ * Le Croix *‘An engrossing look at the moral dilemmas and shifting political imperatives in conflict mediation. With his usual uncompromising honesty, and drawing on his rich personal experience as a mediator, Hazan eschews easy answers and bright lines in considering when to talk with the most evil forces, and when compromise and neutrality can become complicity.’ * Reed Brody, author of To Catch a Dictator *'Fast paced in style yet profound in substance, this is an important book and also an excellent read ... Hazan deals with the troublesome complexities in an admirably clear way. This book deserves the widest audience– not just among experts and practitioners, but among general readers too. Hazan’s learning, experiences and style of writing means both groups will be amply rewarded.' -- Andrew Gilmour, former UN Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights

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Book SynopsisNuclear arms control and non-proliferation is a complex subject of immense and abiding global concern. the encyclopedia provides its readers a very comprehensive, one stop, turn key and integrated service by covering the entire gamut of nuclear arms, their proliferation and non-proliferation, nuclear accidents and their management, a holistic view on disarmament, nuclear weapon free zones, ballistic missiles, strategic arms limitation including strategic offensive reductions of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons as also the enormously important and path breaking U.S-India Nuclear Deal which is now being processed. Included too are a bouquet of deliberations on nuclear disarmament and connected issues involving international and regional organizations, NGO's, Associations, Networks and Foundations.

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Book SynopsisThis book centers on the Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published in Washington in the early summer of 1914 by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The volume was born from the conviction that the full assessment of the significance of the Carnegie Report—one of the first international non-governmental fact-finding missions with the intention to promote peace—requires a deeper exploration of the context of its birth. The authors examine how the countries involved in the wars handled the inquires of the Carnegie Commission and the role of the report in the remembrance of the wars in the respective states. Although the report considered both the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan nation-states insufficiently civilized to wage wars within the limits of the codes of conduct of international law, this orientalist conclusion can in part be explained by the liberal internationalist strategy of the Carnegie Endowment, and of the commission members’ professional, political, and ethnic background. Overshadowed by the outbreak of World War I, the Carnegie Report’s direct impact on international arbitration or international criminal law was limited, yet—in the authors’ opinion—it ultimately contributed to the further juridification of international relationsTable of ContentsDietmar Müller The Balkan Wars and the Carnegie Report: Historiography and significance for international law. An Introduction The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Philanthropy and Internationalism in 20th Century Helke Rausch International Law and Conciliation under Pressure: Political Profiles of the Carnegie Men behind the Balkan Report c.1910–1919 Isabella Löhr “The International Law of the Future”: The Carnegie Endowment and the Sovereign Limits of International Jurisdiction, 1910s–1960s Katja Naumann Shaping International Minds: Education for Peace and International Cooperation after the Great War in the United States Biographical Approaches: The Commission Nadine Akhund The Balkan Carnegie Commission of 1913: Origins and Features Stefan Troebst Macedonia as a Lifelong Topic: Henry Noël Brailsford Thomas Bohn History and Politics: Macedonia in the Assessment of Pavel N. Miliukov The Carnegie Commission on the spot and its legacies Ivan Ilčev The 1913 Carnegie Commission of Inquiry: Background, Fact-Finding and International Reactions Adamantios Skordos Doomed to Fail: The Carnegie Commission in Greece Stefan Djordjević The Carnegie Commission Reports and Serbia: Balkan Wars and their Legacies Maria Todorova The Balkan Wars in Memory: The Carnegie Report and Trotsky’s War Correspondence

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"David Oualaalou, a geopolitical analyst, writer, speaker, teacher, military veteran, Middle East specialist and linguist with unique first-hand experiences and knowledge gained from personal field intelligence in Middle East wars—combined with his fresh and unique writing style—has produced a challenging perspective and a thought-provoking book. David's unembellished bold critiques, with credible analytical interpretation of geopolitical implications and national security challenges, for not only the USA but for the Iran, Saudi Arabia, Russia, China and others in the new Middle East region (and world), will be much discussed in this impressive approach to eye-opening questions with credible rival answers. I believe this book is crucial reading for any person interested in the future nuclear Middle East."—William A. Mitchell, author of Baylor in Northern Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom"Once again Dr. Oualaalou has brought to life a complex current topic.His balanced and in-depth investigation of the topic allows the reader to not only learn the history of the parties involved, but also to follow the historic threads that have led to today's geopolitical situation. Dr. Oualaalou has the experience and expertise to give a clear picture of the region's issues today and projection of possible scenarios in the future."—Mortada Mohamed, President, World Affairs Council of AustinTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPreface1. Introduction2. History of the Persian Empire3. Emergence of Modern-Day Iran4. Political Landscape of the Middle East5. Nuclear Arms Race in the Middle East6. The Future of the Middle East and Its Geopolitical Outcome7. Author's Reflections

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"David Oualaalou, a geopolitical analyst, writer, speaker, teacher, military veteran, Middle East specialist and linguist with unique first-hand experiences and knowledge gained from personal field intelligence in Middle East wars—combined with his fresh and unique writing style—has produced a challenging perspective and a thought-provoking book. David's unembellished bold critiques, with credible analytical interpretation of geopolitical implications and national security challenges, for not only the USA but for the Iran, Saudi Arabia, Russia, China and others in the new Middle East region (and world), will be much discussed in this impressive approach to eye-opening questions with credible rival answers. I believe this book is crucial reading for any person interested in the future nuclear Middle East."—William A. Mitchell, author of Baylor in Northern Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom"Once again Dr. Oualaalou has brought to life a complex current topic.His balanced and in-depth investigation of the topic allows the reader to not only learn the history of the parties involved, but also to follow the historic threads that have led to today's geopolitical situation. Dr. Oualaalou has the experience and expertise to give a clear picture of the region's issues today and projection of possible scenarios in the future."—Mortada Mohamed, President, World Affairs Council of AustinTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPreface1. Introduction2. History of the Persian Empire3. Emergence of Modern-Day Iran4. Political Landscape of the Middle East5. Nuclear Arms Race in the Middle East6. The Future of the Middle East and Its Geopolitical Outcome7. Author's Reflections

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"These essays make an invaluable contribution to understanding 'how statesmen think.' The book is strongly recommended for students and researchers in international relations." * Choice *"Robert Jervis is one of those rare scholars of International Relations whose work is path-breaking and enduring in multiple research areas, ranging from nuclear deterrence to political psychology, from intelligence to complexity theory. . . . That this volume brings together twelve of Jervis's previously published essays on political psychology and international relations is a boon to scholars and practitioners alike."---Balkan Devlen, International AffairsTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 I Political Psychology 13 1 Understanding Beliefs 15 2 The Drunkard's Search 40 II Heuristics and Biases 61 3 Representativeness, Foreign Policy Judgments, and Theory-Driven Perceptions 63 4 Prospect Theory: The Political Implications of Loss Aversion 85 III Political Psychology And International Relations Theory 105 5 Signaling and Perception: Projecting Images and Drawing Inferences 107 6 Political Psychology Research and Theory: Bridges and Barriers 125 7 Why Intelligence and Policymakers Clash 148 8 Identity and the Cold War 169 IV Psychology And National Security 189 9 Deterrence and Perception 191 10 Psychology and Crisis Stability 216 11 Domino Beliefs 234 12 Perception, Misperception, and the End of the Cold War 261 Index 281

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Book SynopsisThere are many roads to war, but only one path to peace in North KoreaTrade Review'An insightful and provocative analysis' -- William Ury, co-founder of the Harvard Negotiation Project, co-author of Getting to Yes: Negotiating an Agreement Without Giving In (Random House, 2012)'A timely, perceptive, and penetrating analysis of North Korea. This is a must for those who are interested in contemporary North Korean affairs' -- Chung-in Moon, Distinguished University Professor, Yonsei University'With almost fifty visits to the DPRK, Glyn Ford is one of the top European experts on the Korean Peninsula. Readers, whatever their political views, will find much to stimulate their thinking regarding one of the most important political-security issues of our time' -- Jeffrey D. Feltman, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs'With direct access to North Korean government officials and a lifetime of observation and analysis of the country, Glyn Ford has an insight into the country like no other. A strongly recommended impartial read, revealing previous political tricks and failures of 73 years of miscommunication and stagnation... and a possible path out of this mess' -- Nicholas Bonner, Founder of Koryo Tours'Glyn Ford is a very rare case of a Westerner who has both political experience in the West and first-hand experience of dealing with North Korea. His book shows a possible way out of the continuous crisis through slow-motion change - the only way which might work' -- Andrei Lankov, author of 'The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia 'Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Map of North Korea Country Leaders, 1990-2018 Chronology Since 1900 Acknowledgements Note on Asian Names Preface 1. Introduction: The Pyongyang Paradox Part I: Roots of the Present Crisis: Understanding North Korea’s History 2. Drawing the Iron Curtain 3. Kim’s Korea 4. Famine, Markets, Refugees and Human Rights: The Kim Jong II Era Part II: Continuity and Change 5. Kim Jong Un 6. Daily Life in North Korea Part III: The Diplomatic Stage 7. The Nuclear Factor 8. Foreign Affairs: Between Rapprochement and Standoff 9. Conclusion: After Singapore Notes Bibliography and Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisA radical geography of nuclear warfare.Trade Review'What's louder than an atom bomb? The deafening silence that surrounds the apathy our contemporary culture has for the prospect of nuclear annihilation. 'Disarming Doomsday' awakens our sensibilities to the symbolic and actual violence of nuclear war.' -- Simon Springer, author of 'The Anarchist Roots of Geography''A true gem - an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of global communities still deeply impacted by atomic technologies. Wonderful for teaching or developing a grounded understanding of this immense history' -- Stephanie A. Malin author of 'The Price of Nuclear Power: Uranium Communities and Environmental Justice''An informed and insightful account of contemporary nuclear issues which proposes a geographically-centred analysis of the causes and consequences of nuclear warfare' -- Rachel Woodward, author of 'Military Geographies'Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Series Preface Acknowledgements 1. The Radical Geography of Nuclear Warfare 2. A Secret History 3. The Mystery of the X-ray Hands 4. After Nuclear Imperialism 5. After Nuclear War 6. Strange Cartographies and War Games 7. Spaces of Irregularity 8. Spaces of Peace 9. Future War Zones Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the opening volume in a comprehensive history of the global movement against nuclear weapons. Ranging from the prophetic warning of H.G. Wells in 1913 to the H-Bomb controversy of the 1950s, it tells the story of the emergence of popular efforts to save humanity from nuclear destruction.Trade Review"A perceptive account of the effort to control nuclear weapons in the years following World War II. It is the first of three volumes in an ambitious work that tells the story of the struggle to contain the atom more fully than ever before....The best description that exists of efforts to promote disarmament around the globe."—The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"Wittner's work demonstrates truly prodigious research. Beyond providing a comprehensive overview of the topic, moreover, the book also provides considerable new information for the debate over the historical significance of the disarmament movement."—American Historical Review"There is an impressive thoroughness, even-handedness, and global reach in Wittner's work."—The International History Review"...Wittner's oustanding book employs massive research into previously secret governmental records and organizational files in an effort to show how concerned and determined citizens throughout the world have altered the course of history."—Journal of American HistoryTable of ContentsPart I. The Secret Struggle: 1. Critics and the international crisis, 1913-43; 2. Growing resistance, 1943-45; Part II. The Nonaligned Movement, 1945-51: 3. From the ashes: world peace activism and the movement in Japan; 4. America's nuclear nightmare; 5. A new sense of fear: Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand; 6. The beginning or the end? France, Germany and Italy; 7. Confronting 'a still greater catastrophe': elsewhere in Western Europe; 8. Muted opposition: the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the Third World; 9. The international dimension; Part III. The Communist-led Movement, 1945-51: 10. 'Against the warmongers': the development of the communist-led peace movement; 11. 'Comrades, turn east': the communist-led campaign in France, Great Britain and the United States; 12. 'We are not pacifists': the communist-led campaign in other non-communist nations; 13. 'Stalin is our peace': the communist-led campaign in communist nations; Part IV. Consequences: 14. The uneasy leader: the US government and the bomb; 15. In hot pursuit: British and Soviet nuclear policy; 16. Restive onlookers: the public policy response elsewhere; 17. Crisis and decline of the movement, 1950-53; Conclusion and epilogue: the new thinking and the old; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisMuch recent writing about international politics understandably highlights the many changes that have followed from the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. This book, by contrast, analyzes an important continuity that, the author argues, will characterize international strategic affairs well into the new century: nuclear deterrence will remain at the core of the security policies of the world''s great powers and will continue to be an attractive option for many less powerful states worried about adversaries whose capabilities they cannot match.The central role of nuclear deterrence persists despite the advent of a new international system in which serious military threats are no longer obvious, the use of force is judged irrelevant to resolving most international disputes, and states'' interests are increasingly defined in economic rather than military terms. Indeed, the author suggests why these changes may increase the appeal of nuclear deterrenTrade Review"This is a semitheoretical survey of the security policies of three middle powers . . . during the last half of the twentieth century, with an argument that their common experiences form a useful template for predicting the future role of nuclear weapons, including proliferation. The three case studies are superbly done." -- Political Science Quarterly"Avery Goldstein's book, Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century: China, Britain, France, and the Enduring Legacy of the Nuclear Revolution, provides a well-written and historically grounded look at the likely nature of emerging nuclear security relationships. . . . Goldstein's book makes a subtantial contribution to the existing security literature. . . . Goldstein's insights . . . have great applicability for understanding post-Cold War security dynamics and similar patterns shaping the behavior of both new nuclear states and would-be nulcear states" -- International Politics"This book is welcome for the historical analyses of the smaller nuclear powers. . . ."—American Political Science Review"Goldstein's excellent book helps explain why three very different countries—Britain, France, and China—all sought an independent nuclear deterrent despite, and, perhaps, because of their security alliances with nuclear superpowers. This accessible and well-crafted work will be useful not only to diplomatic historians and international relations theorists, but also to policy analysts who are examining why certain relatively weak states are currently pursuing the nuclear option." -- Thomas Christensen * Massachusetts Institute of Technology *"Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century is a valuable and provocative contribution to the current debate about the future of nuclear deterrence." -- Journal of Strategic Studies"A decade after the end of the cold war, nuclear issues have come to the fore again, but the focus now is much less on superpowers and much more on middle or regional powers. In a subtle combination of theory and empirical cases, Professor Goldstein examines the trade offs confronting states considering the nuclear option. This book is essential reading for anyone studying deterrence theory or nuclear proliferation." -- Robert Powell, University of California * Berkeley *Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Theoretical foundation; 3. China: strategic choices: 4. China: nuclear deterrent; 5. Britain; 6. France; 7. Nuclear weapons states in the post-Cold War world; 8. Legacy of the nuclear revolution for the twenty-first century.

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Book SynopsisAn exploration of the rise, persistence, and impact of the tradition of non-use of nuclear weapons followed by nuclear powers for well over sixty years.Trade Review"T.V. Paul, a distinguished academic . . . has made a valuable contribution to exploring the historical experience of the non-use of nuclear weapons and the challenges now faced globally." -- Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar * The Hindu *"Paul has written an interesting and useful book. He highlights the continuing and perhaps increasing dangers of nuclear use and the importance of maintaining the tradition of non-use. This is a debate that has been neglected and Paul puts it firmly back on the agenda both for students of strategic studies and practitioners involved in maintaining internationals security in a dangerous world." -- The International History Review"Paul has produced an excellent book. The central argument that a tradition of non-use has restrained the use of nuclear weapons is well-developed and largely convincing. Although the extent of this influence is, of course, debatable, Paul succeeds in exploring the historical influence and broader implications of the tradition. This book therefore makes an important contribution to the growing body of literature considering the non-use of nuclear weapons." -- International Affairs"An impressive and nuanced assessment, at once wide-ranging and focused." -- John Mueller * Professor of political science at Ohio State University and author of the forthcoming Atomic Obsession *"The most astonishing event of the twentieth century did not occur: no nuclear weapons used in warfare since the two on Japan in August, 1945. Here is the first thorough history of the evolution of that powerful, completely unpredicted, tradition, with analysis of how to maintain and strengthen it." -- Thomas Schelling, Nobel Laureate in Economics and Distinguished University Professor, School of Public Policy * University of Maryland *"Paul's 'riveting' and 'masterly' book traverses the world of theory and policy with equal ease and is illustrative of how innovative theorizing can shed new light on real world issues in greater depth, offer a richer analysis of even much debated issues. This books deserves to be taken seriously by both policy makers and academics as it is one of the most original and significant contributions to our understanding of nuclear weapons to have come out in recent times." -- RUSI Journal"This book is an excellent resource for students, scholars, and the policy community. It is well written and accessible, and appropriate for course use for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Scholars studying deterrence, the military role of nuclear weapons, and proliferation would all find the author's analysis of use. Finally, policymakers concerned with defense policy and nuclear proliferation would be well advised to take heed of the interaction between the tradition of non-use, nuclear deterrence, and proliferation incentives." -- International Studies Review"Paul builds on the impressive progress by scholars of deterrence, especially on the crucial concept of reputation. Unlike much of deterrent scholarship, which stresses reputation for credibility, Paul is more concerned with reputation in the form of esteem. Non-use, he argues, is a social norm based on calculation of interest. Like Joseph Nye's work on soft power, Paul sees states restrained by their need for acceptance or support. Time and again, his scholarship reveals decision-makers pre-occupied not by the anguish of violating a moral taboo, but by fear of antagonizing various audiences, above all other states." -- Contemporary Security Policy"This is one of the best books on nuclear policy since George and Smoke's classic, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy. It is a major and original contribution to our theoretical understanding and our empirical knowledge of nuclear weapons." -- John A. Vasquez, Thomas B. Mackie Scholar in International Relations * University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign *"A good book is clearly written, methodically laid out, carefully researched, appropriately nuanced, and has interesting and important things to say. On these dimensions, T.V. Paul has written a very good book indeed . . . The Tradition of Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons clearly has a great deal to offer to a variety of audiences. It speaks to an obviously important issue; it nicely balances theory and history; and it corrects a number of important misconceptions. Moreover, it accomplishes all this remarkably efficiently—in just over 200 pages of text." -- H-Diplo Book Review Forum"Paul has written an interesting and useful book. He highlights the continuing, and perhaps increasing, dangers of nuclear use and the importance of maintaining the tradition of non-use." -- John Baylis * University of Swansea *"T. V. Paul's book joins the same political science debate, focusing instead on the 'tradition' of non-use of nuclear weapons, which sometimes is described by other analysts as a taboo or a norm. Paul presents a valuable survey of the history of why such weapons have not been used since Nagasaki, arguing that the constructivist political scientists may be exaggerating the role simply of ideas, with the practical considerations of national interest playing a major part in keeping these weapons from being used. One could indeed find a logical parallel in terms of national interests between the continuing mutual-deterrence pattern of 'no first use,' in which one side's weapons are held in check as long as the other side does similarly, and a pattern of no first proliferation, where inherent capabilities to produce nuclear weapons are not employed, as long as the other side does not acquire such weapons . . . The author presents an interesting analysis of conflicts where one side had nuclear weapons and the other did not, for example, in the Falklands War between Britain and Argentina. Political scientists may welcome Paul's book as example of how one can apply alternative theories to concrete policy issues, but someone else will find this book all the more valuable, for the meticulous and nuanced coverage of the nuclear issue, presented in clearly written form." -- Parameters"Paul's framework is a timely and important contribution to the nuclear debate that incorporates valuable perspectives from both the rationalist and ideational perspectives. As the issues of arms control, force structure, and disarmament inevitably become mired in political trench warfare, creative and eclectic thinking on nuclear issues will be at a premium. The Tradition of Non-use of Nuclear Weapons stands to provide an example of the rigorous scrutiny to which classic paradigms must be subjected in the search for real-world policy solutions." -- Joint Forces Quarterly"In this timely book, T.V. Paul offers a useful contribution to the debate over why nuclear weapons have remained unused since 1945...Paul's work is an accessible, sensible, and useful contribution o what has become an ongoing dialogue on the factors behind nuclear non-use. Future students of the topic would be well-advised to take Paul's work seriously." -- Nina Tannenwald * Brown University, Political Science Quarterly *"T.V. Paul has provided a solid, useful explanation of the major sources of that tradition and of the threats to its continuation. Both academics and policy makers would do well to pay attention to his work." -- Nonproliferation Review

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Wirtz and Lavoy assembled top experts to consider which countries might go nuclear next. They do not dwell on the usual suspects but instead examine a number of unlikely prospects, such as Indonesia, Myanmar (also called Burma), Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, and some that were once believed to be on the verge but are no longer, such as Argentina and Brazil."—Lawrence D. Freedman, Foreign Affairs"[T]he book is a fine analysis of the reasons why some states have forgone nuclear arsenals, and suggests policies that can reinforce the perceived utility of nonproliferation in the future. . . Recommended."—T. Solomon, Choice"Anyone seriously interested in the problem of proliferation—practitioners in the world's defense and arms control establishments, participants in the NGO world, senior scholars, and newcomers to these questions—will want and need to keep a copy of Over the Horizon Proliferation Threats at hand."—Edward Rhodes, Dean, School of Public Policy, George Mason University

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Feroz Hassan Khan's book Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb is a comprehensive description of Pakistan's campaign to develop its nuclear weapons . . . Eating Grass is in a class by itself because it is written by an author who served as director of arms control and disarmament affairs in the Strategic Plans Division of the Joint Services Headquarters of Pakistan . . . Khan brings to his book considerable experience not only as a scholar of the subject of nuclear nonproliferation but also as a practitioner of nuclear diplomacy."—Ehsan M. Ahrari, Mediterranean Quarterly"Comprehensive, detailed, and written with military precision and objectivity, Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb is an elegantly crafted and engaging history of the Pakistani efforts to obtain the atomic bomb that will become a reference work in the study of Pakistan and its nation-defining relationship with the nuclear program."—Vladimir Rauta, Review of Politics"Eating Grass will become the authoritative volume on Pakistan's nuclear trajectory, from its uncertain beginnings to Pakistan's present development of tactical nuclear weapons . . . [T]his is the best volume we have."—Shashank Joshi, RUSI Journal"In this important and impressive new work, Khan traces the development of Pakistan's nuclear-weapons program from partition to the present . . . Khan succeeds admirably in sifting through published accounts and weaving in details and anecdotes from his numerous interviews with key participants."—Frank Klotz, The National Interest"Feroz Khan, a retired Pakistan Army general who served as Director of the Strategic Plan Division, Pakistan's nuclear security apparatus, has written the first comprehensive insider account of the Pakistani nuclear weapons program . . . Framed as a story of indigenous triumph, Eating Grass nonetheless also serves as a history of the failure of non-proliferation regimes—or as a how-to guide for how to evade them."—Timothy Nunan, The Sunday Guardian"Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb, uses primary source material and personal interviews to explain and analyze the genesis of Pakistan's nuclear program. Understanding Pakistan's nuclear development is not only important for Pakistan scholars but also for nuclear analysts more broadly. Nuclear scholars are working with an incredibly small sample of nine nuclear states, so gaining a robust understanding of each nation's path to the bomb is essential. General Khan discussed a wide range of issues as an introduction to his book's more comprehensive analysis."—Sarah Wiener, CSIS"Khan provides a comprehensive history of Pakistan's nuclear program. . . . Khan explains the reasons behind Pakistan's dogged pursuit of nuclear deterrence, including why it was willing to pay any price to achieve nuclear capability. . . . Recommended."—A. Mazumdar, CHOICE"Eating Grass fills a big gap in the scholarly literature. Feroz Khan's book about Pakistan's nuclear program takes its place beside the authoritative volumes on U.S., Soviet, Chinese, Indian, and Israeli nuclear histories. Going beyond the headlines, Khan provides unique insights into the political, technical and strategic issues behind the untold story of Pakistan's bomb. Essential reading for anyone interested in nuclear history, proliferation, or South Asian security."—Zachary S. Davis, Center for Global Security Research, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"A tour de force—masterful, meticulously researched. Feroz Khan combines insights from Pakistani insiders and declassified U.S. sources to tell the most authoritative story of Pakistan's 50-year pursuit of the bomb and, with it, international respect."—Siegfried S Hecker, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, and Director Emeritus, Los Alamos National Laboratory"Feroz Hassan Khan has written the seminal study of the creation, development, and expansion of the world's fastest growing nuclear weapons complex. His use of source material heretofore unexplored or otherwise unavailable—including dozens of exclusive interviews with the scientists, generals, diplomats, and politicians who guided Pakistan's nuclear bomb program—makes Eating Grass a must-read for national security scholars and practitioners alike."—Peter R. Lavoy, national security practitioner"Drawing on primary and secondary sources, his own experiences, and numerous interviews with decision-makers and former scientists who were intimately involved in the program, Khan recapitulates Pakistan's nuclear journey. He analyzes key decisions by its leaders that shaped the trajectory of Pakistan's strategic capabilities and its foreign relations, bureaucratic disputes over the program, and competition between actors in the scientific community trying to put their individual stamp on the bomb."—Shehzad H. Qazi, World Affairs Journal

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Feroz Hassan Khan's book Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb is a comprehensive description of Pakistan's campaign to develop its nuclear weapons . . . Eating Grass is in a class by itself because it is written by an author who served as director of arms control and disarmament affairs in the Strategic Plans Division of the Joint Services Headquarters of Pakistan . . . Khan brings to his book considerable experience not only as a scholar of the subject of nuclear nonproliferation but also as a practitioner of nuclear diplomacy."—Ehsan M. Ahrari, Mediterranean Quarterly"Comprehensive, detailed, and written with military precision and objectivity, Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb is an elegantly crafted and engaging history of the Pakistani efforts to obtain the atomic bomb that will become a reference work in the study of Pakistan and its nation-defining relationship with the nuclear program."—Vladimir Rauta, Review of Politics"Eating Grass will become the authoritative volume on Pakistan's nuclear trajectory, from its uncertain beginnings to Pakistan's present development of tactical nuclear weapons . . . [T]his is the best volume we have."—Shashank Joshi, RUSI Journal"In this important and impressive new work, Khan traces the development of Pakistan's nuclear-weapons program from partition to the present . . . Khan succeeds admirably in sifting through published accounts and weaving in details and anecdotes from his numerous interviews with key participants."—Frank Klotz, The National Interest"Feroz Khan, a retired Pakistan Army general who served as Director of the Strategic Plan Division, Pakistan's nuclear security apparatus, has written the first comprehensive insider account of the Pakistani nuclear weapons program . . . Framed as a story of indigenous triumph, Eating Grass nonetheless also serves as a history of the failure of non-proliferation regimes—or as a how-to guide for how to evade them."—Timothy Nunan, The Sunday Guardian"Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb, uses primary source material and personal interviews to explain and analyze the genesis of Pakistan's nuclear program. Understanding Pakistan's nuclear development is not only important for Pakistan scholars but also for nuclear analysts more broadly. Nuclear scholars are working with an incredibly small sample of nine nuclear states, so gaining a robust understanding of each nation's path to the bomb is essential. General Khan discussed a wide range of issues as an introduction to his book's more comprehensive analysis."—Sarah Wiener, CSIS"Khan provides a comprehensive history of Pakistan's nuclear program. . . . Khan explains the reasons behind Pakistan's dogged pursuit of nuclear deterrence, including why it was willing to pay any price to achieve nuclear capability. . . . Recommended."—A. Mazumdar, CHOICE"Eating Grass fills a big gap in the scholarly literature. Feroz Khan's book about Pakistan's nuclear program takes its place beside the authoritative volumes on U.S., Soviet, Chinese, Indian, and Israeli nuclear histories. Going beyond the headlines, Khan provides unique insights into the political, technical and strategic issues behind the untold story of Pakistan's bomb. Essential reading for anyone interested in nuclear history, proliferation, or South Asian security."—Zachary S. Davis, Center for Global Security Research, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"A tour de force—masterful, meticulously researched. Feroz Khan combines insights from Pakistani insiders and declassified U.S. sources to tell the most authoritative story of Pakistan's 50-year pursuit of the bomb and, with it, international respect."—Siegfried S Hecker, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, and Director Emeritus, Los Alamos National Laboratory"Feroz Hassan Khan has written the seminal study of the creation, development, and expansion of the world's fastest growing nuclear weapons complex. His use of source material heretofore unexplored or otherwise unavailable—including dozens of exclusive interviews with the scientists, generals, diplomats, and politicians who guided Pakistan's nuclear bomb program—makes Eating Grass a must-read for national security scholars and practitioners alike."—Peter R. Lavoy, national security practitioner"Drawing on primary and secondary sources, his own experiences, and numerous interviews with decision-makers and former scientists who were intimately involved in the program, Khan recapitulates Pakistan's nuclear journey. He analyzes key decisions by its leaders that shaped the trajectory of Pakistan's strategic capabilities and its foreign relations, bureaucratic disputes over the program, and competition between actors in the scientific community trying to put their individual stamp on the bomb."—Shehzad H. Qazi, World Affairs Journal

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Book SynopsisGetting to Zero is an edited volume of chapters about the implications of total nuclear disarmament for international security and national security covering a range of perspectives.Trade Review"This volume explores the issues surrounding the debate on nuclear abolition, convering the policies of the main nuclear powers, the regional implications of a nuclear zero policy and possible steps toward achieving this goal."—Survival"Kelleher and Reppy have collected an impressive group of scholars who assume the objective of a nonnuclear world and then explore how this might be achieved and what it might mean." — Lawrence D. Freedman, Foreign Affairs"There is considerable value in [Getting to Zero] in the form of ideas that can inform citizens and officials who would like to reignite movement toward eliminating nuclear weapons in the future, and analyzes that point to the overriding political obstacles that are slowing progress and thus must be overcome if nuclear disarmament is ever to become reality."—Barry M. Blechman, Nonproliferation Review"The editors demonstrate a depth of knowledge for the processes inherent in the governments of Russia, Europe, and the United States, and the impact these processes have on the goal of a zero nuclear weapons policy . . . The value of this work is the unvarnished examination of the policy issues raised by the question of nuclear disarmament and the steps required by nuclear powers to ensure a nuclear-free world."—Parameters"This valuable book extends the important conversation on getting to zero nuclear weapons by asking hard questions about how to accommodate the desires and preferences of the global community while making progress toward that goal. These essays will well reward the reader."—Richard Garwin, IBM Fellow Emeritus, Thomas J. Watson Research Center"An engaging series of essays."—Douglas Roche, International Journal"If the skepticism about 'global zero' total nuclear disarmament is ever to be overcome, this book offers the collection of solid international scholars and subtle reasoning that might do the trick."—George Quester, Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland"The authors display a depth of knowledge about the routines and internal logics of government programs in Russia, the United States, and Europe that is unusual in discussions of national security policy."—Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"Getting to Zero is a bold effort to think about the unthinkable: nuclear abolition and its implications. This remarkable, distinctly unconventional volume provocatively frames the relevant issues and bridges the divide between the theory and practice of nuclear zero."—Andrew L. Ross, Director, Center for Science, Technology, and Policy, University of New Mexico

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Establishing effective monitoring and verifying regimens are critical tools in the international community's nonproliferation efforts but do not always provide assurance of compliance. Although international inspections provide capabilities, access, and legitimacy, the international community appears to be in danger of misinterpreting what these regimens can and cannot accomplish. This timely, much-needed book examines previous examples of the successes, failures, and lessons that can be learned from the cases and help strengthen these regimens and apply them to current WMD programs in Syria, Iran, and North Korea. ...Recommended"—K. M. Zaarour, Choice"Nathan Busch and Joseph Pilat have authored a very timely work given the controversies surrounding the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the often compromised international attempts to control their spread through inspections and disarmament agreements....this is a valuable work for its categorization of the various types of inspection regimes, as well as for its practical suggestions. It is relevant for the policymaking community as well as those academics with a particular interest in the issues of proliferation and inspection regimes."—Zachary Selden, H-DiploTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. What Are Monitoring and Verification Regimes? 2. South Africa 3. Iraq 4. Libya 5. Verifying Global Disarmament 6. Applying Lessons for the "Difficult Cases": North Korea, Iran, Syria Conclusion: Strengthening Monitoring and Verification Regimes

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Book SynopsisOffers an inside look at how the four-million member National Rifle Association and its committed members come to see each and every gun control threat as a step down the path towards gun confiscation, and eventually socialism.Trade ReviewMelzer brilliantly integrates deep personal observation with data and theory to construct a three-dimensional portrait of the modern gun rights movement. In a wonderfully written, engaging, and scrupulously fair narrative, Melzers book makes a major contribution to our understanding of this tumultuous social movement and also happens to be a really good read. It's fresh, clear-eyed, and fair. Anyone wanting to understand the gun movement must read this book. -- Robert J. Spitzer,author of The Politics of Gun ControlMelzer takes us inside the NRA to reveal that more than gun controlmuch moreis at stake: a way of life and a definition of manhood that members feel is disintegrating in their hands... [This is] a book that is both balanced and brave, critical and yet compassionate to men who have so lost their way that their guns offer their last tenuous hold on their identity. -- Michael Kimmel,author of GuylandThis book is well written, and raises interesting issues about the transformation of interest groups in a period of polarized politics. -- Clyde Wilcox * Political Science Quarterly *The author argues a very credible thesis: that the National Rifle Association (NRA) is more than a single-interest group defending the right to own and bear arms. The NRA should also be understood as a social movement organization dedicated broadly to preserving traditional, conservative values. * Choice *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Preface Introduction Part I Defending Guns, Defending Masculinity 1 Frontier Masculinity, America's "Gun Culture," and the NRA 2 Why a Gun Movement? Part II Talking Guns, Talking Culture War 3 Framing Threats to Gun Rights 4 Under Attack 5 Fighting the Culture WarsPart III Committing to the NRA, Committing to the Right 6 The Politics of Commitment 7 Right and Far-Right Moral Politics 8 The Ties That Bind Epilogue: Tomorrow's NRA Appendix: Studying the NRA Notes Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisFrom the École Polytechnique shootings of 1989 to the political controversy surrounding the elimination of the federal long-gun registry, the issue of gun control has been a subject of fierce debate in Canada. But in fact, firearm regulation has been a sharply contested issue in the country since Confederation. Arming and Disarming offers the first comprehensive history of gun control in Canada from the colonial period to the present.In this sweeping, immersive book, R. Blake Brown outlines efforts to regulate the use of guns by young people, punish the misuse of arms, impose licensing regimes, and create firearm registries. Brown also challenges many popular assumptions about Canadian history, suggesting that gun ownership was far from universal during much of the colonial period, and that many nineteenth century lawyers – including John A. Macdonald – believed in a limited right to bear arms.Arming and Disarming provides a carefulTrade Review'Brown's admirable book is an exceptionally vast, sweeping, detailed, and authoritative account of Canada's gun experience.' -- Robert J. Spitzer Law and History Review, November 2013 'Blake Brown's Arming and Disarming is a truly fine piece of scholarship, six full years in the making.' -- Paull W. Bennett Chronicle Herald, January16, 2013 'Arming and Disarming is full of fascinating and well-placed quotations from key historical figures concerning their views on gun issues... This book stands out as an important and pioneering work in the history of gun control on Canada.' -- James Floros Canadian Historical Review vol 94: 03:0213 'R. Blake Brown has produced a sweeping, thorough, insightful, and well-researched account of gun control in Canada... This book should prove useful and provocative for students and scholars of Canadian and comparative law, society, and politics.' -- William G. Merkel American Historical Review June 2014

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Book SynopsisProvides insight into U.S. and Chinese involvement in aid, trade, direct investment and strategic ties in Latin AmericaIn recent years, China has become the largest trading partner for more than half the countries in Latin America, and demonstrated major commitments in aid and direct investment in various parts of the region. China has also made a number of strategic commitments to countries like Nicaragua, Cuba, and Venezuela which have long-standing policies opposing U.S. influence in the region. China, the United States, and the Future of Latin America posits that this activity is a direct challenge to the role of the U.S. in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part of a three-volume series analyzing U.S.-China relations in parts of the world where neither country is dominant, this volume analyzes the interactions between the U.S., China, and Latin America. The book series has so far considered the differences in operating styles between China and the U.S. in Central Asia and SoutheastTrade ReviewThis volume, dealing with Latin America and the Caribbean, presents a complex picture that lies somewhere between [Denoon’s] previous two. Denoon and the other contributors describe China’s rapidly growing presence as a buyer of raw materials, supplier of manufactured goods, builder of infrastructure, investor, and donor. -- Foreign AffairsA superb volume which explains China's goals in the region and analyzes how both the United States and Latin American countries have responded. Because the volume covers foreign policy and economics for all the key states in the region, it is an outstanding, original contribution to the field and an invaluable reference book. Denoon has carefully selected the authors of each chapter to reflect divergent perspectives on these developments, so readers can draw their own conclusions about how influential China will become at the southern doorstep of the U.S. -- Joydeep Mukherjee,Managing Director, Standard & Poor's Sovereign RatingsGiven the arrival of the Trump administration, this volume takes on added relevance.China will become an increasingly important option for the region.The authors expertly analyze the general considerations that drive the relationship, and provide expert country analysis on the options available to the major states.This volume carefully explores Chinas perspective on Latin America and convincingly debunks the myth that China seeks to replace the United States.Overall, a very welcome addition to the growing body of literature on Chinas emergence in the region. -- Riordan Roett,Co-editor of Latin America and the Asian Giants: Evolving Ties with China and India

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Book SynopsisOn December 31, 2015, the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ushered in a new era with the founding of the ASEAN Community (AC). The culmination of 12 years of intensive preparation, the AC was both a historic initiative and an unprecedented step toward the area's regional integration. Political commentators and media outlets, however, greeted its establishment with little fanfare. Implicitly and explicitly, they suggested that the AC was only the beginning: Southeast Asia, they seemed to say, was taking its first steps on a linear process of unification that would converge on the model of the European Union. In The Indonesian Way, Jürgen Rüland challenges this previously unquestioned diffusion of European norms. Focusing on the reception of ASEAN in Indonesia, Rüland traces how foreign policy stakeholders in government, civil society, the legislature, academe, the press, and the business sector have responded to calls for ASEAN's Europeanization, ultimately fusing them with their own distinctly Indonesian form of regionalism. His analysis reframes the nature of ASEAN as well as the discipline of international relations more broadly, writing a narrative of regional integration and norm diffusion that breaks free of Eurocentric thought.Trade Review"Avoiding the Western-centrism trap characteristic of rationalist theories of regionalism, Jürgen Rüland cleverly builds on current constructivist theories of norm diffusion to explain how foreign policy stakeholders in Indonesia have responded to external ideational and normative pressures seeking to Europeanize ASEAN. With intelligence and nuance, he offers an essential study of comparative regionalism and Indonesia's role in the ASEAN Charter." -- Randall Schweller * Ohio State University, Editor-in-Chief, Security Studies *"The book makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of Indonesian foreign policy and ASEAN regionalism. It is an important piece of work, and I found the author's arguments convincing and compelling." -- Moch Faisal Karim * H-Net Reviews *"In addition to its important theoretical contribution to regional integration studies—highlighting the complex processes of localization and that of omnidirectional diffusion, signifying that Europe is not the sole source of inspiration about regional integration—Ruland's book also provides colorful insights into the dynamics of foreign policy decision-making in post-Suharto Indonesia....This book is a welcome addition to the literature on Indonesia's foreign policy and ASEAN" -- Dewi Fortuna Anwar * Contemporary Southeast Asia *"[T]he book is a very welcome addition to recent, more theoretically-informed scholarship on foreign policy in Southeast Asia and ASEAN Studies, and will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers interested in this region."––Stéphanie Martel, Pacific AffairsTable of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Introduction chapter abstractThis chapter contextualizes the study in current debates on the effects of norm diffusion. Research intellectually influenced by world polity theory projects an increasing similarity of regional organizations as a result of two concurring processes: the promotion of the European model of regional integration by the EU and the model's imitation by other regional organizations. Highlighting diversity, this book takes a different perspective. It argues that world polity theory overemphasizes structural similarities and underestimates cultural differences, thus lacking context sensitivity. By grounding the research in Eisenstadt's "multiple modernities" paradigm, the chapter argues that the belief in only one modernity is a myth and that modern institutions are socially and culturally embedded. As culture is diverse and path dependent, terminological and organizational similarities tend to be superficial and often conceal extant normative underpinnings, which do not match the seemingly appropriated model of regional integration. 2Theory and Methodology chapter abstractThe chapter develops an essentially constructivist theoretical framework that strongly draws from Amitav Acharya's theory of "constitutive localization." It nuances Acharya's theory to make its outward-in perspective compatible with a bottom-up analysis of ideational discourses. Acharya conceptualizes recipients of external normative challenges less as passive norm-takers than as agents that actively reconstruct foreign norms to make them congruent with their own local norms. Constitutive localization thus transcends strongly Western-centric, modernization theory-driven approaches to norm diffusion and helps to add Southern perspectives to IR and regionalism studies. The second part of the chapter details the study's methodology, including case selection, selection of foreign policy stakeholder groups, and research techniques. The latter are largely qualitative and interpretive and rely strongly on discourse analysis of newspaper articles, other written materials, public speeches, and expert interviews. 3The "Cognitive Prior" and the European Challenge chapter abstractThis chapter seeks to establish what Acharya has termed the "cognitive prior." It explores extant Indonesian ideas on foreign policymaking and ASEAN cooperation. Europeanizing changes were triggered by the Asian Financial Crisis (1997–1998), which discredited the ASEAN Way as ASEAN's established repository of cooperation norms. The chapter shows how the worldviews of Indonesian foreign policy elites have been shaped by adverse historical experiences, which have evoked on the one hand strong sentiments of insecurity and vulnerability, on the other, a strong sense of entitlement to regional leadership. At the regional level, the cognitive prior is strongly influenced by Westphalian sovereignty norms. In the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis the ASEAN Way was challenged by external and domestic critics, climaxing with the ASEAN Charter debate. The chapter ends with an analysis of the institutional changes the Charter inaugurated and the ideas and norms it seemingly appropriated from the EU. 4The Indonesian Government and the ASEAN Charter chapter abstractThe Indonesian government was the most significant actor in the ASEAN Charter debate and the relevance of regionalism for Indonesia's foreign policy. It negotiated the Charter with the other ASEAN governments and strongly influenced the domestic debate on ASEAN and Indonesia's role in it. The chapter outlines changes in Indonesian foreign policymaking, which became a multistakeholder process after the demise of President Suharto's authoritarian New Order regime in May 1998. Applying Acharya's localization theory, it examines how leading government exponents—the president, the foreign minister, and high-ranking diplomats—framed, grafted, and pruned European concepts of regional integration. The chapter shows that although the Indonesian government was the most vocal among ASEAN members in propagating EU-style reforms, it localized core reformist concepts such as democracy and human rights with extant local ideas such as organicism, soft law, leadership ambitions, ancient welfare and security conceptions, and the ASEAN Way. 5Non-Governmental Organizations and the ASEAN Charter chapter abstractNon-governmental organizations were the main antipode to the Indonesian government in the ASEAN Charter debate. The chapter shows how NGOs proliferated in Indonesia's post-1998 democratization and became major actors in the country's domestic politics, including the debate on Indonesia's ASEAN policies. The chapter examines how civil society activists localized European concepts of regional integration. NGOs promoted bolder reforms than did the government, focusing on popular empowerment in regional decision making, human rights protection, and social benefits for the less advantaged segments of society. NGOs pleaded for an "alternative regionalism" or "regionalism from below," which critically evaluated ASEAN's government-driven market-opening reforms. Even more than the government, NGOs also imported ideas on regionalism not only from Europe, but also from Latin America and Africa. Yet NGOs, too, localized these alien concepts of regionalism with extant ideas on welfare, organicism, anticapitalist traditions, and—to a lesser extent—security. 6The Legislature and the ASEAN Charter chapter abstractThe chapter shows how as a consequence of democratization the Indonesian legislature became a major stakeholder in Indonesian foreign policymaking. Based on Acharya's localization theory, it goes on to scrutinize the responses of Indonesian legislators to the external normative challenges during the ASEAN Charter debate. One of the results is that Indonesian legislators expect a reformed ASEAN to promote the democratization of regional governance and increases in public welfare. Yet, unlike NGO representatives, legislators avoided explicit calls for popular empowerment. In sum, legislators, too, did not opt for a wholesale adoption of European concepts of regional integration. They localized democracy aspirations with ancient notions of leadership, organicist ideas, and welfare concepts. 7The ASEAN Charter and the Academe chapter abstractThe chapter details how in the last two decades the participation of academics in Indonesian foreign policymaking broadened. While in the past only a few think tanks provided input on the government's foreign policy decisions, in the Era Reformasi many university scholars also became foreign policy stakeholders. The chapter examines how the academe localized European ideas on regionalism during the ASEAN Charter debate. While most academics strongly opted for a democratization of regional governance and the establishment of a regional human rights mechanism, the motivations differed. One group supported such reforms from a strictly normative point of view, others saw in them a leverage to increase ASEAN efficiency in the wake of the challenges posed by rising regional giants China and India. Academics localized European ideas of regionalism to a lesser extent than the government and legislators. Yet they too fused them with extant local ideas of security. 8The Press and the ASEAN Charter chapter abstractThe chapter highlights the changes in Indonesian print media after democratization and their increased role in foreign policy debates and discourses on regionalism. Based on Acharya's localization theory, the chapter explores the print media's ideas on the reform of Southeast Asia's regionalism. The print media contributed strongly to the ASEAN Charter debate, stressing democracy, increased welfare, and security improvements as major motivations for the reforms. While they, too, were receptive of European ideas, in their articles and editorials journalists fused them with the country's organicist traditions, leadership claims, soft power, and notions of survivalism. 9Business and the ASEAN Charter chapter abstractEconomic interest groups proliferated after the end of the Suharto regime. They, too, became major stakeholders in foreign policy decisions, especially those with implications for the international competitiveness of Indonesian businesses. The chapter investigates how and to what extent business representatives localized EU norms of regional integration. Interestingly, public contributions of business interests to the Charter debate were rare, and the economic implications of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) envisaged in the Charter were discussed only much later. Yet responses to the AEC's common market and production base differed. While EU-style market-opening reforms were supported by large, export-oriented firms, the majority of small- and medium-scale industries producing for the domestic market rejected them. Business representatives localized reforms imitating the EU model, too, thereby relying on ancient prosperity ideas, the vulnerability discourse, leadership, and soft power. 10Indonesian Visions of Regionalism: From Yudhoyono to Jokowi chapter abstractWith the "leadership frame," the chapter unearths a new interpretive frame of the Charter from 2009 onward, suggesting a gradual return of extant ideas of Indonesian foreign policymaking. The chapter also scrutinizes the internalization of the new EU-inspired ideas of regionalism. The litmus tests were events in which the territorial and economic sovereignty of Indonesia was challenged, such as the disputes with Malaysia over maritime borders and the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area. The response to these events showed that most stakeholders except civil society threw overboard many of the liberal-cosmopolitan values associated with European regional integration. Last, the chapter examines whether this ideational reversal continued under the Jokowi government and suggests that the latter did not abruptly break with the foreign policy of his predecessor. Many of the seemingly new Jokowi policies had their roots in the second term of the Yudhoyono presidency. 11Conclusion chapter abstractThe chapter recapitulates the norm appropriation by the Indonesian foreign policy community. Most stakeholders localized external ideas and norms. In the process, the government was exposed to localization pressures by nonstate actors from below. Legislators and business representatives mainly drew from extant beliefs, while in their majority NGOs, academics, and the press vocally propagated the European ideas of regional integration. By charting additional pathways of norm diffusion and distinguishing defensive and offensive localization, the study nuanced existing norm diffusion theory. Indonesian foreign policy stakeholders also imported ideas from Africa and Latin America, making norm diffusion an omnidirectional process. The study provides strong evidence that ASEAN's cooperation norms continue to differ from the EU. Highlighting the normative agency of Indonesian foreign policy stakeholders, the study contributes to the project of a Global IR, which more than hitherto takes into account events and processes in the Global South.

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Book SynopsisOne of the gravest issues facing the global community today is the threat of nuclear war. As a growing number of nations gain nuclear capabilities, the odds of nuclear conflict increase. Yet nuclear deterrence strategies remain rooted in Cold War models that do not take into account regional conflict. Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers an innovative theory of brokered bargaining to better understand and solve regional crises. As the world has moved away from the binational relationships that defined Cold War conflict while nuclear weapons have continued to proliferate, new types of nuclear threats have arisen. Moeed Yusuf proposes a unique approach to deterrence that takes these changing factors into account. Drawing on the history of conflict between India and Pakistan, Yusuf describes the potential for third-party intervention to avert nuclear war. This book lays out the ways regional powers behave and maneuver in response to the pressures of strong global powers. Moving beyond debates surrounding the widely accepted rational deterrence model, Yusuf offers an original perspective rooted in thoughtful analysis of recent regional nuclear conflicts. With depth and insight, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments urges the international community to rethink its approach to nuclear deterrence.Trade Review"This outstanding book serves as a sobering reminder of the dangers that crises between regional nuclear actors pose to global peace. One of the world's foremost experts on U.S. policy towards South Asia, Moeed Yusuf has produced powerful original scholarship that emphasizes the critical role the United States has played, and must continue to play, in managing these crises. An absolute must-read for policy makers." -- Stephen J. Hadley * former U.S. National Security Advisor *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments expands our understanding of a new, dangerous frontier in international security: the bargaining and decision-making of regional nuclear rivals, in crises that play out under the purview of powerful third parties. Moeed Yusuf illuminates these dynamics in surprising ways, weaving together insights from theories of nuclear strategy and diplomacy, third-party conflict management, and unipolarity. The study gives us much to think about as we consider how similar nuclear crises in South Asia, and other regional contexts, could unfold and—one hopes—be resolved short of war." -- Timothy Crawford * Boston College *"In this important new book, Moeed Yusuf shows that the nuclear crises of today are multiplayer games and that the role of the third-party mediator may in fact be the most important. A truly valuable theoretical and empirical contribution." -- Vipin Narang * Massachusetts Institute of Technology *"This brilliant book raises important questions about the nuclear futures of the world. With the US edging towards one side in South Asia, and trying to get the Chinese to play a new role in South and East Asia, will the concept of brokered bargaining be pushed to the breaking point? Will China (or a subordinate state) be persuaded that force is useful or necessary? The book forces one to think afresh about these issues." -- Stephen P. Cohen, Senior Fellow Emeritus * Brookings Institution *"We tested the nuclear-weapons capability a score ago. We need to add value to the theoretical and strategic literature on the subject. That Yusuf is the first to do so is highly commendable. Interestingly, the work is also meant for the informed generalist. In addition to conceptual originality, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments also provides original, first-time information on the three crises Yusuf studies. That information, in and of itself, is crucial to understanding how decision-making plays out in the South Asian context." -- Ejaz Haider * Dawn *"The result is a highly original contribution to nuclear theory –- an area that has largely remained the preserve of Euro-American scholars in the past—as Yusuf presents his own model of 'brokered bargaining' to conceptualize crises in regional contexts." -- Wajahat Ali * Arab News *"Moeed Yusuf's riveting insights on the subject could not have come at a better time for practitioners and scholars. It gives a much-needed glance into the US playbook and how it is likely to be used in future crises in the South Asian theater. It is a rich addition to scholarship because it analyzes South Asian crises beyond the deterrence framework and concludes that crises behavior will be influenced by many other factors than nuclear and conventional deterrence." -- Syed Ali Zia Jaffery * Pakistan Politico *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers a valuable analytical lens to students of nuclear politics in international relations by outlining the trilateral and multilateral dynamics in regional nuclear environments. Yusuf's prudent narration of the post-Cold War nuclearized canvas of South Asia and of the three Indo-Pak crises will positively engage readers from the region and outside." -- Tanvi Kulkarni * South Asian Voices *"Moeed Yusuf's book not only provides a comprehensive insight into the role effectively played by the US as a third party – an aspect which has been discussed by other writers as well, but it makes a successful attempt at theorising why and how presence and role of the US impacts crisis behaviour in a nuclear environment." -- Salma Malik * The Friday Times *"Moeed Yusuf's book, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments, is remarkable for two reasons. First, inheriting an academic discourse on international conflict that is accustomed to thinking in dyads, it reminds us that the real world is less simple, and brings into focus tripartite engagement, with additional actors having speaking parts. Second, it reconstructs three recent crisis events in quiet detail. This distillation, based in part on an impressive list of interviews, is useful especially to those interested in studying India-Pakistan relations with specific focus on nuclear policy and advocacy." -- Swarna Rajagopalan * H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews *"[T]his book carries immense value by bringing forth a crisis management "playbook" for third party powers and in incisively explaining the crisis behavior of regional powers. Its perceptive description of the three crises in South Asia carries great value for the scholars of strategic studies as well as policymakers grappling with crisis management in nuclearized environments." -- Saima Aman Sial * South Asian Voices *"I hope tomorrow's negotiators will read this book." -- Teresita C. Schaffer * South Asia Hand *"This is a timely book. [A] valuable contribution to an area that has received inadequate attention since the end of the Cold War."––Rajesh Basrur, International Affairs"This excellent book shows the critical role played by the United States and other third parties, including the United Kingdom and China, in de-escalating the first three nuclear crises since the May 1998 Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests....[A] major contribution to the literature on the elusive search for 'crisis stability' in Indo–Pakistani relations." -- Mario E. Carranza * The Nonproliferation Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Regional Nuclear Crises in a Unipolar World chapter abstractThe Introduction lays the groundwork for the rest of the book by introducing the need for a theory of nuclear crisis behavior centered on third-party mediation. Specifically, how does the presence of the unipole and stronger third parties alter the crisis behavior of regional nuclear powers situated within a unipolar world? And what implications does this have for crisis management, stability, and outcomes? The chapter introduces the puzzle and explains the book's empirical focus on South Asia by highlighting that India and Pakistan are the only regional nuclear powers to have experienced major crises since the end of the Cold War. The chapter also summarizes the key findings from the three case studies, the 1999 Kargil conflict, the 2001–2002 military standoff, and the 2008 Mumbai crisis, and confirms evidence in line with the proposed theory of brokered bargaining. 1Understanding Nuclear Crisis Behavior: A Survey of the Literature chapter abstractThis chapter surveys the literature on nuclear crises. It begins by summarizing the Cold War treatment of these episodes, highlighting the centrality of bilateral deterrence and models such as "brinkmanship" in creating expectations for nuclear crisis behavior. Even though third-party actors remained important as superpower allies during the Cold War, literature during this period suffered from a two-actor bias flowing from the global hegemony of the superpowers. Post–Cold War literature tends to account for regional nuclearization and unipolarity but in summarizing this body of work, the chapter identifies that there is still insufficient knowledge of the various factors at play in regional nuclear crises. 2Setting Up the Inquiry: An Introduction to Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter introduces brokered bargaining as a three-actor model that explains patterns of state behavior in regional crises in a unipolar global setting. The chapter presents ten propositions that are posited to collectively shape crisis behavior of the United States and other strong states acting as third-party mediators and of regional rivals. Crisis behavior of regional rivals ought to be marked by a constant tension between their incentives to pursue their maximalist objectives and their compulsion not to defy the third party completely given its power to tilt the crisis decisively against them. The third party would seek to heighten the antagonists' sensitivity to its preference for de-escalation ahead of their ideal crisis outcomes. Brokered bargaining unpacks the processes and mechanisms that underpin this trilateral interaction. The last part of the chapter presents the methodology applied to the case studies in the next section of the book. 3The Kargil Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 1999 Kargil conflict between India and Pakistan, and establishes that what may otherwise be construed as a classic limited war where major conflict was avoided due to nuclear deterrence was in reality a display of brokered bargaining. This entailed the United States and other major powers ignoring Pakistan's effort to manipulate the risk of war and its pleas for support to help terminate the crisis while it was in possession of forcibly occupied territory in Indian Kashmir. They deemed Pakistan's unilateral withdrawal to be the most realistic and efficient way of ensuring crisis termination. India reacted militarily to Pakistan's provocation but kept its actions limited to retain international goodwill and get the third party to make efforts to ensure Pakistan's withdrawal. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced due to India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's outlook toward the crisis. 4The 2001–2002 Military Standoff chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2001–2002 military standoff that kept India and Pakistan on the verge of war for ten months. Brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. India threatened to use military force but pulled back at critical junctures as the United States acted as a guarantor of Pakistan's promises of curbing cross-border terrorism and raised India's costs of defying third-party demands to de-escalate. Pakistan promised retaliation against India and harmed the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan by withdrawing forces from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, but this "autonomous" behavior was trumped by its propensity to oblige the United States by accepting some responsibility for anti-India terrorism and acting tangibly against militants. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced by India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's leverage over the opponent. 5The Mumbai Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2008 Mumbai crisis and shows that brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. In a situation that could have boiled over given the spectacular nature of the terrorist attacks that triggered the crisis, India, Pakistan, and the United States exhibited an even greater sense of familiarity with the opportunities and limitations associated with the trilateral bargaining framework. Despite threatening military action at times, India relied almost exclusively on the United States to pursue its crisis objectives. Without boxing it in completely, the United States pressured Pakistan and forced it to take actions against terrorists believed to be linked to the attacks, and used this to pacify India. The centrality of the third-party strand of crisis management helps explain the prudence both sides exhibited in avoiding brinkmanship. 6Brokered Bargaining: Observations and Lessons for South Asia chapter abstractDrawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia's first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each crisis, the concern about escalation forced the United States and other strong states to engage, largely unsolicited, and use a mix of rewards and threats with the regional rivals to achieve de-escalation. Both India and Pakistan eagerly engaged the third-party and oscillated between manipulating the risk of war and deferring to its preferences to gain its support. The process encompassing this dynamic interaction explained both the specific choices and the overall crisis behavior of the three actors. Escalation risks due to the "moral hazard problem," the "multiple-audience problem," and the peacetime policy choices of the antagonists and the United States were present. 7Beyond South Asia: Generalizing the Application of Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter addresses the general applicability of brokered bargaining beyond South Asia, focusing on four prototypes of rivalries: between countries that are considered friends of the unipole (futuristic crisis scenarios involving Israel versus a nuclear Saudi Arabia, Turkey, or Egypt); between a friend and foe of the unipole (Israel versus a nuclear Iran); between a foe of the unipole and an ally with formally extended deterrence guarantees (Korean peninsula); and between a friend and a presumptive great power rival of the unipole (India versus China). The discussion establishes the similarities and differences of these prototypes with the South Asian cases. While each presents a somewhat distinct set of challenges for third-party actors, the fundamental crisis dynamic whereby the third party works to secure de-escalation without seeking to alienate either conflicting party completely and the antagonists feel compelled not to defy it outright remains valid in each case. 8Brokered Bargaining: Implications for Theory and Practice chapter abstractThis chapter reflects on the theoretical and practical implications of the book. It highlights the work's contribution to the otherwise undertheorized role of third parties in preventing war, its fresh perspectives on the optimism-pessimism debate on nuclear deterrence, and its attention to scholarship on nonnuclear subjects, primarily mediation, unipolarity theory, and sociological literature on "evaluation" by external audiences. The discussion highlights policy recommendations for decision makers in the United States, other third-party states, India, Pakistan, and other potential regional nuclear rivals. It stresses the need for a holistic U.S. policy approach to crises between regional nuclear powers.

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Book SynopsisOne of the gravest issues facing the global community today is the threat of nuclear war. As a growing number of nations gain nuclear capabilities, the odds of nuclear conflict increase. Yet nuclear deterrence strategies remain rooted in Cold War models that do not take into account regional conflict. Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers an innovative theory of brokered bargaining to better understand and solve regional crises. As the world has moved away from the binational relationships that defined Cold War conflict while nuclear weapons have continued to proliferate, new types of nuclear threats have arisen. Moeed Yusuf proposes a unique approach to deterrence that takes these changing factors into account. Drawing on the history of conflict between India and Pakistan, Yusuf describes the potential for third-party intervention to avert nuclear war. This book lays out the ways regional powers behave and maneuver in response to the pressures of strong global powers. Moving beyond debates surrounding the widely accepted rational deterrence model, Yusuf offers an original perspective rooted in thoughtful analysis of recent regional nuclear conflicts. With depth and insight, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments urges the international community to rethink its approach to nuclear deterrence.Trade Review"This outstanding book serves as a sobering reminder of the dangers that crises between regional nuclear actors pose to global peace. One of the world's foremost experts on U.S. policy towards South Asia, Moeed Yusuf has produced powerful original scholarship that emphasizes the critical role the United States has played, and must continue to play, in managing these crises. An absolute must-read for policy makers." -- Stephen J. Hadley * former U.S. National Security Advisor *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments expands our understanding of a new, dangerous frontier in international security: the bargaining and decision-making of regional nuclear rivals, in crises that play out under the purview of powerful third parties. Moeed Yusuf illuminates these dynamics in surprising ways, weaving together insights from theories of nuclear strategy and diplomacy, third-party conflict management, and unipolarity. The study gives us much to think about as we consider how similar nuclear crises in South Asia, and other regional contexts, could unfold and—one hopes—be resolved short of war." -- Timothy Crawford * Boston College *"In this important new book, Moeed Yusuf shows that the nuclear crises of today are multiplayer games and that the role of the third-party mediator may in fact be the most important. A truly valuable theoretical and empirical contribution." -- Vipin Narang * Massachusetts Institute of Technology *"This brilliant book raises important questions about the nuclear futures of the world. With the US edging towards one side in South Asia, and trying to get the Chinese to play a new role in South and East Asia, will the concept of brokered bargaining be pushed to the breaking point? Will China (or a subordinate state) be persuaded that force is useful or necessary? The book forces one to think afresh about these issues." -- Stephen P. Cohen, Senior Fellow Emeritus * Brookings Institution *"We tested the nuclear-weapons capability a score ago. We need to add value to the theoretical and strategic literature on the subject. That Yusuf is the first to do so is highly commendable. Interestingly, the work is also meant for the informed generalist. In addition to conceptual originality, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments also provides original, first-time information on the three crises Yusuf studies. That information, in and of itself, is crucial to understanding how decision-making plays out in the South Asian context." -- Ejaz Haider * Dawn *"The result is a highly original contribution to nuclear theory –- an area that has largely remained the preserve of Euro-American scholars in the past—as Yusuf presents his own model of 'brokered bargaining' to conceptualize crises in regional contexts." -- Wajahat Ali * Arab News *"Moeed Yusuf's riveting insights on the subject could not have come at a better time for practitioners and scholars. It gives a much-needed glance into the US playbook and how it is likely to be used in future crises in the South Asian theater. It is a rich addition to scholarship because it analyzes South Asian crises beyond the deterrence framework and concludes that crises behavior will be influenced by many other factors than nuclear and conventional deterrence." -- Syed Ali Zia Jaffery * Pakistan Politico *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers a valuable analytical lens to students of nuclear politics in international relations by outlining the trilateral and multilateral dynamics in regional nuclear environments. Yusuf's prudent narration of the post-Cold War nuclearized canvas of South Asia and of the three Indo-Pak crises will positively engage readers from the region and outside." -- Tanvi Kulkarni * South Asian Voices *"Moeed Yusuf's book not only provides a comprehensive insight into the role effectively played by the US as a third party – an aspect which has been discussed by other writers as well, but it makes a successful attempt at theorising why and how presence and role of the US impacts crisis behaviour in a nuclear environment." -- Salma Malik * The Friday Times *"Moeed Yusuf's book, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments, is remarkable for two reasons. First, inheriting an academic discourse on international conflict that is accustomed to thinking in dyads, it reminds us that the real world is less simple, and brings into focus tripartite engagement, with additional actors having speaking parts. Second, it reconstructs three recent crisis events in quiet detail. This distillation, based in part on an impressive list of interviews, is useful especially to those interested in studying India-Pakistan relations with specific focus on nuclear policy and advocacy." -- Swarna Rajagopalan * H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews *"[T]his book carries immense value by bringing forth a crisis management "playbook" for third party powers and in incisively explaining the crisis behavior of regional powers. Its perceptive description of the three crises in South Asia carries great value for the scholars of strategic studies as well as policymakers grappling with crisis management in nuclearized environments." -- Saima Aman Sial * South Asian Voices *"I hope tomorrow's negotiators will read this book." -- Teresita C. Schaffer * South Asia Hand *"This is a timely book. [A] valuable contribution to an area that has received inadequate attention since the end of the Cold War."––Rajesh Basrur, International Affairs"This excellent book shows the critical role played by the United States and other third parties, including the United Kingdom and China, in de-escalating the first three nuclear crises since the May 1998 Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests....[A] major contribution to the literature on the elusive search for 'crisis stability' in Indo–Pakistani relations." -- Mario E. Carranza * The Nonproliferation Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Regional Nuclear Crises in a Unipolar World chapter abstractThe Introduction lays the groundwork for the rest of the book by introducing the need for a theory of nuclear crisis behavior centered on third-party mediation. Specifically, how does the presence of the unipole and stronger third parties alter the crisis behavior of regional nuclear powers situated within a unipolar world? And what implications does this have for crisis management, stability, and outcomes? The chapter introduces the puzzle and explains the book's empirical focus on South Asia by highlighting that India and Pakistan are the only regional nuclear powers to have experienced major crises since the end of the Cold War. The chapter also summarizes the key findings from the three case studies, the 1999 Kargil conflict, the 2001–2002 military standoff, and the 2008 Mumbai crisis, and confirms evidence in line with the proposed theory of brokered bargaining. 1Understanding Nuclear Crisis Behavior: A Survey of the Literature chapter abstractThis chapter surveys the literature on nuclear crises. It begins by summarizing the Cold War treatment of these episodes, highlighting the centrality of bilateral deterrence and models such as "brinkmanship" in creating expectations for nuclear crisis behavior. Even though third-party actors remained important as superpower allies during the Cold War, literature during this period suffered from a two-actor bias flowing from the global hegemony of the superpowers. Post–Cold War literature tends to account for regional nuclearization and unipolarity but in summarizing this body of work, the chapter identifies that there is still insufficient knowledge of the various factors at play in regional nuclear crises. 2Setting Up the Inquiry: An Introduction to Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter introduces brokered bargaining as a three-actor model that explains patterns of state behavior in regional crises in a unipolar global setting. The chapter presents ten propositions that are posited to collectively shape crisis behavior of the United States and other strong states acting as third-party mediators and of regional rivals. Crisis behavior of regional rivals ought to be marked by a constant tension between their incentives to pursue their maximalist objectives and their compulsion not to defy the third party completely given its power to tilt the crisis decisively against them. The third party would seek to heighten the antagonists' sensitivity to its preference for de-escalation ahead of their ideal crisis outcomes. Brokered bargaining unpacks the processes and mechanisms that underpin this trilateral interaction. The last part of the chapter presents the methodology applied to the case studies in the next section of the book. 3The Kargil Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 1999 Kargil conflict between India and Pakistan, and establishes that what may otherwise be construed as a classic limited war where major conflict was avoided due to nuclear deterrence was in reality a display of brokered bargaining. This entailed the United States and other major powers ignoring Pakistan's effort to manipulate the risk of war and its pleas for support to help terminate the crisis while it was in possession of forcibly occupied territory in Indian Kashmir. They deemed Pakistan's unilateral withdrawal to be the most realistic and efficient way of ensuring crisis termination. India reacted militarily to Pakistan's provocation but kept its actions limited to retain international goodwill and get the third party to make efforts to ensure Pakistan's withdrawal. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced due to India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's outlook toward the crisis. 4The 2001–2002 Military Standoff chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2001–2002 military standoff that kept India and Pakistan on the verge of war for ten months. Brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. India threatened to use military force but pulled back at critical junctures as the United States acted as a guarantor of Pakistan's promises of curbing cross-border terrorism and raised India's costs of defying third-party demands to de-escalate. Pakistan promised retaliation against India and harmed the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan by withdrawing forces from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, but this "autonomous" behavior was trumped by its propensity to oblige the United States by accepting some responsibility for anti-India terrorism and acting tangibly against militants. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced by India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's leverage over the opponent. 5The Mumbai Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2008 Mumbai crisis and shows that brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. In a situation that could have boiled over given the spectacular nature of the terrorist attacks that triggered the crisis, India, Pakistan, and the United States exhibited an even greater sense of familiarity with the opportunities and limitations associated with the trilateral bargaining framework. Despite threatening military action at times, India relied almost exclusively on the United States to pursue its crisis objectives. Without boxing it in completely, the United States pressured Pakistan and forced it to take actions against terrorists believed to be linked to the attacks, and used this to pacify India. The centrality of the third-party strand of crisis management helps explain the prudence both sides exhibited in avoiding brinkmanship. 6Brokered Bargaining: Observations and Lessons for South Asia chapter abstractDrawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia's first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each crisis, the concern about escalation forced the United States and other strong states to engage, largely unsolicited, and use a mix of rewards and threats with the regional rivals to achieve de-escalation. Both India and Pakistan eagerly engaged the third-party and oscillated between manipulating the risk of war and deferring to its preferences to gain its support. The process encompassing this dynamic interaction explained both the specific choices and the overall crisis behavior of the three actors. Escalation risks due to the "moral hazard problem," the "multiple-audience problem," and the peacetime policy choices of the antagonists and the United States were present. 7Beyond South Asia: Generalizing the Application of Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter addresses the general applicability of brokered bargaining beyond South Asia, focusing on four prototypes of rivalries: between countries that are considered friends of the unipole (futuristic crisis scenarios involving Israel versus a nuclear Saudi Arabia, Turkey, or Egypt); between a friend and foe of the unipole (Israel versus a nuclear Iran); between a foe of the unipole and an ally with formally extended deterrence guarantees (Korean peninsula); and between a friend and a presumptive great power rival of the unipole (India versus China). The discussion establishes the similarities and differences of these prototypes with the South Asian cases. While each presents a somewhat distinct set of challenges for third-party actors, the fundamental crisis dynamic whereby the third party works to secure de-escalation without seeking to alienate either conflicting party completely and the antagonists feel compelled not to defy it outright remains valid in each case. 8Brokered Bargaining: Implications for Theory and Practice chapter abstractThis chapter reflects on the theoretical and practical implications of the book. It highlights the work's contribution to the otherwise undertheorized role of third parties in preventing war, its fresh perspectives on the optimism-pessimism debate on nuclear deterrence, and its attention to scholarship on nonnuclear subjects, primarily mediation, unipolarity theory, and sociological literature on "evaluation" by external audiences. The discussion highlights policy recommendations for decision makers in the United States, other third-party states, India, Pakistan, and other potential regional nuclear rivals. It stresses the need for a holistic U.S. policy approach to crises between regional nuclear powers.

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Book SynopsisThis book asks why, in the wake of the Cold War, Japan suddenly reversed years of steadfast opposition to security cooperation with its neighbors. Long isolated and opposed to multilateral agreements, Japan proposed East Asia's first multilateral security forum in the early 1990s, emerging as a regional leader. Overcoming Isolationism explores what led to this surprising about-face and offers a corrective to the misperception that Japan's security strategy is reactive to US pressure and unresponsive to its neighbors. Paul Midford draws on newly released official documents and extensive interviews to reveal a quarter century of Japanese leadership in promoting regional security cooperation. He demonstrates that Japan has a much more nuanced relationship with its neighbors and has played a more significant leadership role in shaping East Asian security than has previously been recognized.Trade Review"A tour de force of Japanese foreign policy studies, for both English- and Japanese-language scholarship. Overcoming Isolationism is cutting-edge thinking that raises the standard of scholarship for us all."—Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Simon Fraser University"By explaining how and why Japan pursued a proactive multilateral strategy in the Asia-Pacific region after the end of the Cold War, Paul Midford effectively corrects the country's reputation as a reactive state that defers to the United States regarding security policy. This book is essential for understanding this overlooked success story of Japanese foreign policy."—Mike Mochizuki, George Washington University"In this magnum opus culminating almost 20 years of interview and archival research, Midford provides a compelling account of Japan's evolving regional security roles both in historical detail and with crisp policy relevance for a broader audience."—Dr. Andrew Oros, Washington College"In Overcoming Isolationism, Paul Midford explains why Japan suddenly charged ahead of a more cautious US government to advocate regional security forums, and how Tokyo won unexpected support for its new vision from across the region—and eventually from the United States."—Michael J. Green, Pacific Affairs"With its core centered on the Nakayama proposal, Overcoming Isolationism adds to our understanding of the internal dimensions of policymaking in Japan, showing the chaos of policy responses, the slow burn of ideas, and the expression of proposals through particular intellectual and political personalities."—Julie Gilson, Journal of Japanese Studies"Overcoming Isolationism convincingly makes the acase that the assurance imperative as a driver and outcome of RSM has been overlooked. This book's particular strength is in the empirical richness of the chapters, supported by deep and careful research in both English and Japanese as well as interviews with many of the important figures involved in pushing forward Japan's RSM agenda. Paul Midford provides an excellent example for researchers interested in demonstrating how policy entrepreneurs both inside and outside government can influence a nation's diplomatic trajectory."—Corey Wallace, Monumenta NipponicaTable of Contents1. Understanding Why States Pursue Regional Security Multilateralism 2. Japan and Its Regional Security Isolationism During the Cold War 3. Rethinking Regional Security Isolationism and Multilateralism 4. The Making of the Nakayama Proposal 5. Delivering and Defending the Nakayama Proposal 6. The Miyazawa Initiatives and Japan's Leadership in Creating the ASEAN Regional Forum 7. Japan and Regional Security Multilateralism, 1994–2000 8. Japan and Widening Regional Security Multilateralism

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Book SynopsisAtomic Steppe tells the untold true story of how the obscure country of Kazakhstan said no to the most powerful weapons in human history. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the marginalized Central Asian republic suddenly found itself with the world's fourth largest nuclear arsenal on its territory. Would it give up these fire-ready weapons—or try to become a Central Asian North Korea? This book takes us inside Kazakhstan's extraordinary and little-known nuclear history from the Soviet period to the present. For Soviet officials, Kazakhstan's steppe was not an ecological marvel or beloved homeland, but an empty patch of dirt ideal for nuclear testing. Two-headed lambs were just the beginning of the resulting public health disaster for Kazakhstan—compounded, when the Soviet Union collapsed, by the daunting burden of becoming an overnight nuclear power. Equipped with intimate personal perspective and untapped archival resources, Togzhan Kassenova introduces us to the engineers turned diplomats, villagers turned activists, and scientists turned pacifists who worked toward disarmament. With thousands of nuclear weapons still present around the world, the story of how Kazakhs gave up their nuclear inheritance holds urgent lessons for global security.Trade Review"Atomic Steppe is the untold story of how Kazakhstan rid itself of nuclear weapons—a remarkable accomplishment for a new nation. Togzhan Kassenova documents this momentous tale with depth, rigor, and skill. A revelatory, authoritative account of how the nuclear arms race went backwards, for once, making the world safer." —David E. Hoffman, author of The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy"Togzhan Kassenova's moving Atomic Steppe offers one of the first complete English-language accounts of the devastating but little-known nuclear history of Kazakhstan. The author successfully blends meticulous research with her own family's personal experience." —Sarah Cameron, author of The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan"In this wonderful book, Togzhan Kassenova provides an intimate account of Kazakhstan's nuclear history and an acute analysis of how it handled its post-Soviet nuclear inheritance. Atomic Steppe is a deeply researched and profoundly affecting book, which everyone concerned about the nuclear state of the world should read." —David J. Holloway, author of Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956"With the sweeping and inspiring Atomic Steppe, Togzhan Kassenova has unearthed insights new even to those of us who had front-row seats to Kazakhstan's nuclear saga, telling a story both accurate and humane. Anyone interested in Eurasia or in health, environmental, and nuclear challenges should read this engrossing book."—William Courtney, former US Ambassador to Kazakhstan"Togzhan Kassenova's remarkable Atomic Steppe offers both a scholarly and a deeply personal view of the damage that more than seventy years of nuclear testing have caused to the soil and the people of this region."—Michael D. Gordin, New York Review of Books"The beauty and magic of this brutalized landscape cannot be erased. Togzhan's book introduces us to the indomitable strength of itspeople, including those victimized by nuclear testing. They and we are in her debt."—Michael Krepon, Arms Control Wonk"Togzhan Kassenova's review of 70 years of Kazakhstan's history in Atomic Steppe is the definitive study of that country's nuclear inheritance and its associated internal politics and international diplomacy."—Laura Kennedy, Foreign Service Journal"Kassenova's masterpiece not only outlines the importance of patience, empathy and deftness in diplomacy, but also helps to recalculate the costs of nuclearization. By compellingly telling Kazakhstan's nuclear story, the author warns against ignoring the most important stakeholders of the nuclear non-proliferation regime: people."—Rabia Akhtar, International Affairs"Atomic Steppe is a book of two halves that have been fused together to create a perfect whole. The first half describes the legacy of Kazakhstan's Soviet nuclear weapon tests. Conversely, the second part explores Kazakhstan's subsequent independence and the rugged pathway towards its emergence as a nuclear-free state in the early 1990s It is completely unique, an absolute must read, and it will become an atomic classic of our time."—Becky Alexis-Martin, The Spokesman"Atomic Steppe has much to inspire in future scholarship. By decentering the narrative from the United States and USSR and focusing on the Kazakh perspective, Kassenova brings attention to stories that have been overshadowed or ignored. In detailing the diplomatic interactions between the US and Kazakhstan, and the rise of the anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan, Kassenova clearly demonstrates that the Kazakhs were active agents, rather than passive bystanders, in shaping their future."—Erin Chávez, H-Sci-Med-TechTable of Contents1. The Steppe 2. Forty Years of Nuclear Tests 3. The Human Toll 4. The Nation Rises 5. The Swan Song of the Soviet Union 6. Fears in Washington and Alma-Ata 7. A Temporary Nuclear Power 8. The Final Push 9. Project Sapphire and the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program 10. Farewell to Bombs 11. Epilogue: Reimagining the Atomic Steppe

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Book SynopsisThe Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) had many opponents when, in 1995, it came up for extension. The majority of parties opposed extension, and experts expected a limited extension as countries sought alternative means to manage nuclear weapons. But against all predictions, the treaty was extended indefinitely, and without a vote. Networked Nonproliferation offers a social network theory explanation of how the NPT was extended, giving new insight into why international treaties succeed or fail. The United States was the NPT's main proponent, but even a global superpower cannot get its way through coercion or persuasion alone. Michal Onderco draws on unique in-depth interviews and newly declassified documents to analyze the networked power at play. Onderco not only gives the richest account yet of the conference, looking at key actors like South Africa, Egypt, and the EU, but also challenges us to reconsider how we think about American power in international relations. With Networked Nonproliferation, Onderco provides new insight into multilateral diplomacy in general and nuclear nonproliferation in particular, with consequences for understanding a changing global system as the US, the chief advocate of nonproliferation and a central node in the diplomatic networks around it, declines in material power. Trade Review"With Networked Nonproliferation, Michal Onderco has written the best existing study of a crucial event in arms control history: the 1995 indefinite extension of the NPT. He also makes important theoretical contributions identifying sources of success in international treaty management. Scholars and practitioners alike will benefit from his insights."—Scott D. Sagan, Stanford University"Michal Onderco breaks new ground in his masterful analysis of the negotiation of the NPT's indefinite extension, Networked Nonproliferation. Drawing on an impressive array of interviews with actual participants in the negotiation, previously untapped archival information, and the large body of scholarship on the subject, he has produced by far the most detailed account of events leading to the historic 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference outcome. If, as is often asserted, conference president Jayantha Dhanapala was the magician who produced the unexpected product, Onderco has revealed many of the secrets behind the magic."—William Potter, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey"With Networked Nonproliferation, Michal Onderco provides a fresh and compelling account of how the NPT was made permanent in 1995. Through engaging writing and rigorous analysis of new evidence, this original study provides important insights into a decision with implications for the contentious politics of the nuclear nonproliferation regime today."—Nina Tannenwald, Brown University"[Networked Nonproliferation] provides many insights into the agency of states such as Egypt and South Africa, insights that might not be gleaned from a cursory view. What emerges is a well-rounded and balanced account most likely to become the authoritative work on the 1995 NPT Review Conference. I have no doubt that this contribution will become a hallmark in the study of nuclear non-proliferation and that scholars, students and practitioners alike will benefit from the book. Finally, Onderco's treatise serves as a timely reminder of what is possible in arms control diplomacy."—Robin E. Möser, South African Journal of International Affairs"Onderco superbly explains how the United States managed to create a winning coalition of states favoring indefinite extension, which was in its own national interest....Highly recommended."—M. E. Carranza, CHOICE"In Networked Nonproliferation, Michal Onderco sheds new light onto the evolution of the regime by offering an original take on the politics behind the 1995 indefinite expansion of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (npt). Through this deeply researched case study, he finds that the United States managed to nudge, cajole, and sometimes arm-twist third parties to pass indefinite extension at a time when so many opposed it, and at a time when stakeholders worldwide and inside the United States itself thought it impossible."—Matias Spektor, European Review of International StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Why Indefinite Extension? 2. Networked Power 3. "Friends with Benefits": US-European Cooperation 4. "Babes in the Woods": South Africa and the Extension 5. "This Is What Happens When You Become Greedy": Egypt's Intervention 6. Postextension Politics of the NPT

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Book SynopsisThe technology controlling United States nuclear weapons predates the Internet. Updating the technology for the digital era is necessary, but it comes with the risk that anything digital can be hacked. Moreover, using new systems for both nuclear and non-nuclear operations will lead to levels of nuclear risk hardly imagined before. This book is the first to confront these risks comprehensively. With Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons, Herbert Lin provides a clear-eyed breakdown of the cyber risks to the U.S. nuclear enterprise. Featuring a series of scenarios that clarify the intersection of cyber and nuclear risk, this book guides readers through a little-understood element of the risk profile that government decision-makers should be anticipating. What might have happened if the Cuban Missile Crisis took place in the age of Twitter, with unvetted information swirling around? What if an adversary announced that malware had compromised nuclear systems, clouding the confidence of nuclear decision-makers? Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons, the first book to consider cyber risks across the entire nuclear enterprise, concludes with crucial advice on how government can manage the tensions between new nuclear capabilities and increasing cyber risk. This is an invaluable handbook for those ready to confront the unique challenges of cyber nuclear risk.Trade Review"Perhaps the only thing more frightening than nuclear weapons is the thought of those weapons being connected to modern software systems. Herbert Lin, an expert in both realms, has written a sobering, enlightening book that should be required reading for all those thinking about the security of these weapons in the internet age."—Jim Waldo, Former Distinguished Engineer, Sun Labs"Herbert Lin is one of this country's leading experts on nuclear and cyber issues. In this important book, he provides a careful but chilling analysis of the risks we face in efforts to modernize the nuclear enterprise. Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons should be read carefully in Washington." —Joseph S. Nye, Jr, Harvard University"In this wide-ranging and well-crafted book, Herbert Lin wisely encapsulates his careful analysis in a series of easy-to-digest observations, with the policy imperatives that flow from them. The result is a guide for policy makers as they cope with the hair-raising prospect of nuclear modernization amidst increasing cyber risk."—Rose Gottemoeller, Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO"Lin's purpose in writing this excellent book is to acknowledge the new and sobering reality that computerization makes nuclear weapons much less secure than readers might assume. Highly recommended."—J. A. Stever, CHOICE June 2022"an informative read for novices and experts alike."—Melissa K. Griffith, Survival: Global Politics and StrategyTable of Contents1. Introduction and Background 2. The Cyber-Nuclear Connection 3. The U.S. Nuclear Enterprise 4. Cybersecurity Lessons for Nuclear Modernization 5. Cyber Risks in Selected Nuclear Scenarios 6. Designing the Cyber-Nuclear Future: Observations and Imperatives 7. Moving Forward

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Book SynopsisThe postwar period saw increased interest in the idea of relatively easy-to-manufacture but devastatingly lethal radiological munitions whose use would not discriminate between civilian and military targets. Death Dust explores the largely unknown history of the development of radiological weapons (RW)—weapons designed to disperse radioactive material without a nuclear detonation—through a series of comparative case studies across the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Iraq, and Egypt. The authors illuminate the historical drivers of and impediments to radiological weapons innovation. They also examine how new, dire geopolitical events—such as the war in Ukraine—could encourage other states to pursue RW and analyze the impact of the spread of such weapons on nuclear deterrence and the nonproliferation regime. Death Dust presents practical, necessary steps to reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of interest in and pursuit of radiological weapons by state actors.Trade Review"In this meticulously researched history of states pursuing the dirty bomb, the authors show how countries like the US, Russia, and the UK concluded that it is a weapon of mass disruption, not mass destruction, and not worth pursuing. They present excellent suggestions how to keep it that way. A great read."—Siegfried S. Hecker, author of Hinge Points: An Inside Look at North Korea's Nuclear Program"Sherlock Holmes solved a mystery by focusing on what didn't happen: a dog that didn't bark. The authors of this rigorously researched volume similarly explain why a widely expected event didn't happen—why several countries developed and tested radiological weapons but never deployed or used them, even though they are relatively cheap, easy to make, and assumed to have devastating effects. Their meticulous and highly readable analysis not only sheds light on a long-dormant mystery of the nuclear age, it also provides valuable insights into whether and under what circumstances states may again pursue radiological weapons and offers practical recommendations for mitigating the dangers of their possible future development. With evidence that interest in radiation dispersal as a weapon of war may be returning—for example, Russia's Poseidon "super torpedo"—Death Dust is especially timely and should be read by nuclear policymakers as well as members of the general public concerned about the nuclear threat."—Robert Einhorn, Brookings Institution, former Assistant Secretary of State for Nonproliferation"This exceptional account of the development of radiological weapons—'death dust'—is powerful and comprehensive. The authors reveal the history of such weapons programs around the world. Their analysis of Russian threats to use radiological weapons in Ukraine is a reminder that this danger lives on."—Rose Gottemoeller, Stanford University, former Under Secretary for Arms Control and International SecurityTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The United States 2. The Soviet Union 3. The United Kingdom 4. Egypt 5. Iraq Conclusion: Patterns across Cases and Prospects for the Future

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Book SynopsisSanctions have enormous consequences. Especially when imposed by a country with the economic influence of the United States, sanctions induce clear shockwaves in both the economy and political culture of the targeted state, and in the everyday lives of citizens. But do economic sanctions induce the behavioral changes intended? Do sanctions work in the way they should? To answer these questions, the authors of How Sanctions Work highlight Iran, the most sanctioned country in the world. Comprehensive sanctions are meant to induce uprisings or pressures to change the behavior of the ruling establishment, or to weaken its hold on power. But, after four decades, the case of Iran shows the opposite to be true: sanctions strengthened the Iranian state, impoverished its population, increased state repression, and escalated Iran's military posture toward the U.S. and its allies in the region. Instead of offering an 'alternative to war,' sanctions have become a cause of war. Consequently, How Sanctions Work reveals how necessary it is to understand how sanctions really work.Trade Review"There is no shortage of publications on the Iran sanctions, but it is rare to see such detailed, serious work on this topic by highly knowledgeable scholars. How Sanctions Work introduces a wealth of information and perspectives not generally found in the existing Western academic literature."—Joy Gordon, author of Invisible War: The United States and the Iraq Sanctions"A vital study of the most tragic case in the recent history of economic sanctions. Bajoghli, Nasr, Salehi-Isfahani, and Vaez powerfully demonstrate how large the gap between the severe material effects and the limited political efficacy of sanctions against Iran has grown."—Nicholas Mulder, author of The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War"An indispensable book on sanctions' impacts in Iran, How Sanctions Work, opens a window into the fraught, little-understood, but ubiquitous and hugely consequential practice that seems to have supplanted diplomacy in current foreign policy and international relations. This volume shifts our understandings of what sanctions do—in Iran and beyond."—Arzoo Osanloo, author of Forgiveness Work: Mercy, Law, and Victims' Rights in Iran"For the analysts in Washington and Tehran newly evaluating sanctions and their effects, How Sanctions Work is a valuable resource. By centering the targeted country in the discussion of sanctions efficacy, Bajoghli, Nasr, Salehi-Isfahani, and Vaez demonstrate what a case study on sanctions should look like."—Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, Responsible StatecraftTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Invisible War 1. When Society Is Sanctioned 2. When Politics Is Sanctioned 3. When Iran Was Sanctioned 4. When an Economy Is Sanctioned 5. What Sanctions Cost the United States 6. What Sanctions Cost Iran—and the World Conclusion: Permanent Siege

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Book Synopsis"A much needed wake-up call that China assumes that it is open season on Americans."—Victor Davis Hanson"There is a Red Storm rising in the East—and America is already under assault from the Chinese Communist Party."—Lou Dobbs“THE EAST IS RISING AND THE WEST IS DECLINING” —Xi Jinping, 2020Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, chairman of the Central Military Commission and the president of the People''s Republic of China,  wants to shape the world in China’s image,  and in his conception of the world there is no place for the United States or even the current international order. Noted China analyst Gordon G. Chang warns that Xi Jinping believes he must destroy America to accomplish his objectives. And that Xi already h

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Book SynopsisThis Research Handbook provides a broad yet detailed treatment of international arms control law. It takes stock of existing arms control agreements, addresses current challenges and aims to indicate avenues for the future development of this distinct branch of public international law. Split across nine thematic parts, this comprehensive Handbook goes beyond the pure encyclopaedic approach by providing analytical and doctrinal guidance. Chapters provide extensive analysis of international arms control law, addressing both conventional weapons and new technologies, contextualising arms control law and politics through identifying actors, forums and regulatory approaches. The impressive list of contributors also explore geographical zones of arms control including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. Investigating both complex theoretical and recent practical approaches into arms control law, this Research Handbook will be an ideal read for interested students and academics as well as practitioners involved in conflict, security and international law.Table of ContentsContents: PART I ARMS CONTROL LAW IN CONTEXT 1 Arms control law and international conflict and security law 2 Eric P.J. Myjer and Thilo Marauhn 2 International law and international relations in arms control: The case of nuclear weapons 21 Paul Rusman 3 Technology and arms control law 40 Jonathan Herbach PART II FORUMS 4 The League of Nations period 56 Alexander Orakhelashvili 5 The United Nations as a forum for arms control 67 Eric P.J. Myjer and Thilo Marauhn 6 The UN Conference on Disarmament 77 Judith Thorn 7 The European Union and international arms control: Assessing legal competences and instruments 89 Ramses A. Wessel PART III REGULATORY APPROACHES 8 Prevention and prohibitions as elements of arms control 105 Dieter Fleck 9 Strategic trade controls 120 Daniel H. Joyner 10 Command and control as a subject of arms control 130 Barry de Vries and Rafael Lima Asche 11 Informal efforts 142 Mirko Sossai PART IV NUCLEAR WEAPONS 12 Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 155 Tom Coppen 13 Nuclear test ban 170 Masahiko Asada 14 Limitation and reduction of nuclear arsenals 187 Piet de Klerk 15 Nuclear security 203 Jonathan Herbach 16 Regulatory regimes for missile defence systems and fissile material 215 Hennie Strydom 17 The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 235 Harald Müller PART V BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS 18 The 1925 Geneva Protocol 250 Michael Bothe 19 The Biological Weapons Convention 258 Una Jakob 20 The Chemical Weapons Convention 278 Ralf Trapp PART VI CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS 21 The CCW – a vital potential role 298 William H. Boothby 22 The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty 314 Wolfgang Richter 23 The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction 347 Stuart Casey-Maslen 24 The ENMOD Convention 359 Silja Vöneky 25 The UN Arms Trade Treaty: A breakthrough or with some birth defects? 377 Zeray Yihdego PART VII NEW TECHNOLOGIES 26 3D printing 408 Barry de Vries 27 Unmanned military systems and autonomous weapons systems 423 Robert Frau 28 The regulation of cyber weapons 440 Nicholas Tsagourias and Giacomo Biggio PART VIII SPECIFIC ZONES OF ARMS CONTROL 29 Nuclear-weapon-free zones and other nuclear-free areas 456 Natalino Ronzitti 30 Demilitarised zones 466 Marco Roscini and Marco Longobardo PART IX SUPERVISION AND ENFORCEMENT 31 The limited role of judicial dispute settlement 481 James D. Fry and Saroj Nair 32 The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 502 Laura Rockwood 33 The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 529 Treasa Dunworth 34 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization: Preparatory Commission 543 Jenifer Mackby 35 The OSCE 568 Maria Brandstetter and Lisa Tabassi 36 The United Nations Security Council and arms control: A failure of responsibility 592 Mary Ellen O’Connell and Sawyer White Concluding remarks 609 Eric P.J. Myjer and Thilo Marauhn Index

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Book SynopsisMaking a timely contribution to the legal literature, this important book discusses an under-analysed issue of great importance to international peace and security. It provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the prevention of nuclear terrorism specifically through an international (arms control) law lens.Jonathan Herbach sets out a basis for better understanding how the international legal framework for nuclear security is structured and why it is structured that way, and offers a critical analysis of the component instruments that make up the framework. He highlights the strengths and analyzes possible gaps and weaknesses of these instruments and the legal framework as a whole, as well as explaining the framework’s key characteristics, approaches and rationale. As nuclear security is by no means a static topic, with changing circumstances a defining feature of the area, the book also offers ideas for the path forward and conceptualizes ways to further strengthen the nuclear security legal framework.Offering a fresh perspective on the prevention of nuclear terrorism, this book will benefit academics and students of public international law, counter-terrorism and conflict and security law. It will also be a useful resource for governmental legal advisors, think-tanks and diplomats to inform their work on means and mechanisms to help strengthen the global nuclear security regime and to provide guidance for decision-making.Trade Review‘With the prospect of a possible tactical nuclear attack by Russia if it loses in the Ukraine war a real possibility, the subject of nuclear terrorism is once again at the top of governments’ national security concerns, especially if Russia were to utilise a terrorist group proxy to carry out such an attack. This important book provides a comprehensive examination of how nuclear terrorism can be prevented through various measures, including an international arms control regime (ACR). The author explains how an ACR is structured, its key characteristics, its strengths, weaknesses, and gaps, and future directions for strengthening it.’ -- Joshua Sinai, Perspectives on Terrorism Journal‘Jonathan Herbach has written a masterly account of the place of nuclear security, particularly prevention of nuclear terrorism, in the broader context of nuclear arms control. While focused on international law aspects, this book is invaluable reading for policymakers, diplomats, officials and others interested in nuclear security. It is an essential introduction for newcomers to this subject, and an insightful reference work for experts.’ -- John Carlson, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation and Australian Sherpa to the 2010 Nuclear Security SummitTable of ContentsContents: 1. Arms control law approach to countering nuclear terrorism 2. Developing the law of nuclear security: from Atoms for Peace to the Nuclear Security Summits 3. The main legally binding instruments applicable to nuclear security 4. Nuclear security at the crossroads of arms control and criminal justice 5. Normative soft law instruments in the nuclear security law framework 6. The role of international organizations in nuclear security 7. The way forward: strengthening the international legal framework for nuclear security Bibliography Index

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