Archaeology Books

Book SynopsisThe global community, dependent as always on the cooperation of nation states, is gradually learning to address the serious threats to the cultural heritage of our disparate but shared civilizations. The legacy of conquest, colonialization, and commerce looms large in defining and explaining these threats. The essays contained in this challenging volume are based on papers presented at an international conference on cultural heritage issues that took place at Willamette University . The conference sought to generate fresh ideas about these cultural heritage issues; offer a good sense of their nuances and complexities; and reveal how culture, law, and ethics can interact, complement, diverge, and contradict one another. This book seeks to accomplish these purposes. What it explores is the fact that, allong with an emerging blend of adversarial and collaborative processes to address cultural heritage issues, has come a substantial broadening of the normative framework in recent years. This framework now spans a welter of issues ranging from the creation of cultural safety zones during armed conflict, to the ongoing rectification of genocidal conquest during the European Holocaust and World War II, to the treatment of shipwrecks and their cargo, to the protection of folklore and other intangibles, to the promotion of traditional knowledge in the interest of biological diversity. All of these topics are controversial, as are the legal instruments that incorporate them, but the issues they embrace are vital to us all, whether our viewpoint is in the global arena, a national legislature, a courtroom, a classroom, an archaeological site, or a museum.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments James A.R. Nafziger and Ann M. Nicgorski; About the Editors and Authors; Introduction James A.R. Nafziger and Ann M. Nicgorski; Part I: Legacy of Indigenous Conquest Chapter 1. Who Controls Native Cultural Heritage?: “Art,” “Artifacts,” and the Right to Cultural Survival Rebecca Tsosie ; Chapter 2. Protection and Repatriation of Indigenous Cultural Heritage in the United States James A.R. Nafziger; Chapter 3. Repatriation of Cultural Material to First Nations in Canada: Legal and Ethical JustificationsCatherine Bell; Chapter 4. Taonga Maori Renaissance: Protecting the Cultural Heritage of Aotearoa/New Zealand Robert K. Paterson; Part II: Legacy of International Conquest and Colonization Chapter 5. Cultural Heritage Law: Recent Developments in the Laws of War and Occupation Sabine von Schorlemer; Chapter 6. Unraveling History: Return of African Cultural Objects Repatriated and Looted in Colonial Times Folarin Shyllon; Chapter 7. Colonization and Its Effect on the Cultural Property of Libya Nancy C. Wilkie; Chapter 8. Legal and Illegal Acquisition of Antiquities in Iraq, 19th Century to 2003 McGuire Gibson; Chapter 9. German Archaeological Institute’s Protection of Cultural Heritage in Iraq and Elsewhere in the Middle East Margarete van Ess; Part III: Protecting Cultural Heritage Today and Tomorrow (Keynote Lectures) Chapter 10. Whose Culture Is It, Anyway? Kwame Anthony Appiah; Chapter 11. Thieves of Baghdad: The Search for Iraq’s Stolen Heritage Colonel Matthew Bogdanos; Part IV: Legacy of Commerce in the Framework of International Law Chapter 12. Mythology of the Antiquities Market Ricardo J. Elia; Chapter 13. UNESCO International Framework for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage Lyndel V. Prott; Chapter 14. 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Tullio Scovazzi; Chapter 15. Increasing Effectiveness of the Legal Regime for the Protection of the International Archaeological Heritage Patty Gerstenblith; Part V: Role of Governments Chapter 16. Preservation of Cultural Heritage: A Tool of International Public DiplomacyMaria P. Kouroupas; Chapter 17. Culture and Development: The Role of Governments in Protecting and Promoting Culture Anastasia Telesetsky; Part VI: Avoidance and Resolution of Cultural Heritage Disputes Chapter 18. Recovery of Art Looted During the Holocaust Lawrence M. Kaye; Chapter 19. Resolving Material Culture Disputes: Human Rights, Property Rights, and Crimes Against Humanity Robert K. Paterson; Chapter 20. Using UNIDROIT to Avoid Cultural Heritage Disputes: Limitation Periods Patrick O’Keefe; Part VII: Museums and Sites Chapter 21. Provenance Research: Litigation and the Responsibility of Museums Lawrence M. Kaye; Chapter 22. Museums as Sites of Reconciliation Claire L. Lyons; Index.

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Book SynopsisHeritage under Siege, winner of the Blue Shield Award 2012, is the result of international multidisciplinary research on the subject of military implementation of cultural property protection (CPP) in the event of conflict. The book considers the practical feasibility as well as ideal perspectives within the juridical boundaries of the 1954 Hague Convention. The situation of today's cultural property protection is discussed. New case studies further introduce and analyze the subject. The results of field research which made it possible to follow and test processes in conflict areas including training, education, international, interagency, and interdisciplinary cooperation are presented here. This book gives a useful overview of the playing field of CPP and its players, as well as contemporary CPP in the context of military tasks during peace keeping and asymmetric operations. It includes suggestions for future directions including possibilities to balance interests and research outcomes as well as military deliverables. A separate section deals with legal aspects.Trade Review"The book by Joris D. Kila falls squarely in the heart of this international debate from a perspective based on personal experiences, but no less complete and comprehensive. (...) Ultimately, this work is undoubtedly interesting because of its stimulating and enlightening content", Ignacio Rodríguez Temiño, AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology Volume 3 - 2013 p. 139-142.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Preface Chapter 1. Introduction Research Methods, Sources Used, and the Multidisciplinary Nature of the Subject The Production of Knowledge about CPP and Raising Awareness on the Subject The relevance of Military Cultural Property Protection The Volatile Characteristics of Cultural Property Looting and Poverty Chapter 2. The Playing Field of Cultural Property Protection Setting the Stage The Military The Media Governmental Institutions and Political Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) International Organizations (IOs) Working and Advisory Groups Commerce, Crime, Law and Order, and Religion Science Trends in Cultural Property Protection until 1954 The Sociology of Cultural Property Protection and the Military Chapter 3. Case Studies An Ethnographical Museum for Afghanistan Iconoclasm in the Orthodox Monastery of Matejce in Macedonia: The Creative Use of Damaged Cultural Property Saving Uruk from Looting The Cultural Importance of Uruk History of Excavating Uruk Military Cultural Intervention Key Elements for an Effective Cultural Property Protection Strategy Found in This Case CPP and Civil Military Cooperation Cultural Property Officers Handover Procedures Legal Obligations and Implications Looting, Illicit Traffic and the Link with Security Financing Conclusions Concerning the Uruk Case The Polish Approach in Iraq A Case Example of (Unintended) Violation the Hague Convention: Hescos The Case of the Iraqi National Library Egypt February 12–16th 2011 The Necropolis of Saqqara; An Introduction Conclusions from the Egypt Looting Casus Egyptian Epilogue Conclusions Libya The Current Conflict in Libya An Introduction to the Libyan World Heritage Sites Follow up Activities to Safeguard Heritage in Libya Lessons Learned Chapter 4. The Way Ahead Balancing the Interests Identified Dilemmas or Challenges Standing in the Way of CPP Implementation Legal Aspects to Consider when Implementing Military CPP Control Mechanisms and Sanctions Common Denominators as Part of Solutions Opportunities for Effective Implementation of Military CPP Research, Education, and Exercise Different Perceptions of the Relevance and Need for Training between the Military and Parties Who Want to Follow Up on the Hague Convention of 1954’s Article 25 Teaching and Training Training in situ Examples of Other Means for Training Military: the CPP Playing Cards Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Satellite Remote Sensing Current Examples of Military CPP Implementation, a Comparative Analysis Concluding Remarks: Proceeding From Violently Opposed to Being Accepted as Self-Evident Valorization of the Research Outcomes Summary References Glossary Interviews Appendixes 1: The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 and the first and second protocols. 2: Examples of CPP field pocket cards in German and Dutch prepared in cooperation with the U.S. DoD legacy program. 3: NATO Civil-Military Co-Operation (CIMIC) Doctrine AJP 9. 4: Regulation Number 200-2 Environmental Quality, CENTCOM Contingency Environmental Guidance. 5: STANAG 7141 EP Joint NATO Doctrine For Environmental Protection During NATO Led Military Activities. 6: Mission Report Civil-Military Assessment Mission for Egyptian Heritage. By Blue Shield and IMCuRWG February 12 to 16, 2011. Index

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Book SynopsisThe French invaded Algeria in 1830, and found a landscape rich in Roman remains, which they proceeded to re-use to support the constructions such as fortresses, barracks and hospitals needed to fight the natives (who continued to object to their presence), and to house the various colonisation projects with which they intended to solidify their hold on the country, and to make it both modern and profitable. Arabs and Berbers had occasionally made use of the ruins, but it was still a Roman and Early Christian landscape when the French arrived. In the space of two generations, this was destroyed, just as were many ancient remains in France, in part because “real” architecture was Greek, not Roman.Table of ContentsPreface ix Setting the Scene: Algeria in Context...1 1 The French Conquest...14 Introduction...14 Planning & logistics...15 A lack of knowledge...16 A lack of planning...18 Logistics and Supply...20 Political and Military Control...25 The Dépôt de la Guerre and Reconnaissances...29 Occupying the Ground...32 The French as Successors to the Romans...32 Roman Monuments and French Defences...38 Surviving within Roman Structures...41 Agriculture Roman and 19th-century...43 Health and Welfare...48 Civilising the Natives?...48 Fighting the Natives...51 Dealing with Colons and Speculators...55 Colonisation or Abandonment?...58 Reactions to the Occupation...60 Scholars and Commissions...60 A Forgotten Colony and War?...65 The French-Language Press in Paris...66 The Press in Britain and Germany...67 The French-Language Press in Algeria...68 Conclusion...69 2 The Army Establishes Itself, Colonisation Begins...75 The Army, Colonists and Roads...75 Security...76 Building or Repairing the Infrastructure...77 Builders, Competence and Algerian Conditions...77 Forts and Fortresses Roman and French...82 Accommodation for Body and Spirit...86 Byzantine Fortresses and French Scholarship...87 Defences for Arabs and Colons...89 Fountains and Water Supply...92 The Arabs and Water...94 The French and Water...99 Water Capture and Storage...102 Road, Bridge and Farm Building with Antiquities...109 Prehistoric Antiquities...112 Conclusion: Water and Roads...113 3 1830–40: The Destruction of Algiers, Constantine and other Early Settlements...119 Algiers (Capitulated 5 July 1830)...121 Constantine (Occupied 13 October 1837)...125 Médéa (Occupied 1830)...133 Arzew/Arzeu (Occupied 1833)...133 Bougie (Occupied 1833)...134 Guelma (Occupied 10 November 1836)...137 Tlemcen etc (Occupied 1836)...141 Philippeville and Stora (Occupied 8 October 1838)...145 Sétif (First Entered 15 December 1838)...150 Milah (Occupied 1838)...155 Cherchel (Occupied by Valée 15 March 1840)...155 Force majeure, plus ça change . . . 159 4 Ruins, Roads and Railways...165 The Largest Quantity of Roman Ruins outside Asia Minor...165 North African Sites Occupied or Unoccupied...167 Officers and Soldiers Digging Together...181 Roads...184 Roman Roads in Algeria and Tunisia...185 French Roads in Algeria and Tunisia...187 Transport without Roads...189 New Roads, or Refurbished Roman Roads?...191 Railways...197 The Ponts et Chaussées...201 5 Epigraphy, Topography and Mapping...208 The Army’s uses for Roman Inscriptions...210 Army Camps, Route Marches and Inscriptions...211 Inscriptions in Mosques and Houses...214 Milestones...216 Léon Renier, Inscriptions and the Mission Civilisatrice...217 Inscriptions and International Recognition...220 Professionals versus Amateurs...225 Inscriptions versus Ruins...227 Ruins Undescribed...232 Inscriptions versus Archaeology...234 Inscriptions and Museums versus Settlers and Entrepreneurs...236 Destroy the Stone – but Let me Transcribe it First!...239 Mapping, Antiquities and Reconnaissances...242 Map-making in France...242 Early Map-making in Algeria...243 Confusion and Delay...248 The Brigades Topographiques and Antiquities...250 Centuriation Unrecognised...254 A Nest of Puzzles...257 6 The Army Rebuilds Tebessa (First visited 1842)...262 The Site and its Monuments...262 The French Occupy the Site...264 Extensive Building Work Begins...266 Destruction by Ledger...269 7 Building European Towns from the 1840s...275 European Town Plans...276 Building with Ruins...277 French-Occupied Sites and their Transformation...278 Orléansville (Settled 1843)...279 Lambessa (First Visited during 1844)...280 Aumale (Occupied 1846)...285 Tipasa (Occupied 1854)...286 Le Kef (Occupied 1881)...288 Sfax (Occupied 1881)...290 Sousse (Garrisoned 1881)...290 Histoire du vandalisme: Les monuments détruits de l’art français...292 8 Planting Colonies...299 The Bureaux Arabes...302 The Mitidja...306 Villages and Farms...308 Agricultural Colonies...309 Arab Villages...311 French Villages...314 Seriana: Documented Destruction...320 Farms...323 Si Monumentum Requiris . . . 325 9 Algeria and Tunisia on Display...329 Triumphalism and Collecting...329 Collections of Roman Art in France and North Africa...332 Hindsight: Napoleonic Art...335 Ideas and Algerian Propaganda...336 Representing Algeria and Tunisia: Exhibitions and Museums...341 Restoring the Ancient Monuments?...345 Museums...348 Conclusion: “Là où nous passons, tout tombe”...356 Appendix: A Timeline and Some Statistics...364 Bibliography...370 Sources...370 Modern Scholars...413 Index...425 Illustrations

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Book SynopsisIn The Lordship of the Isles, twelve specialists offer new insights on the rise and fall of the MacDonalds of Islay and the greatest Gaelic lordship of later medieval Scotland. Portrayed most often as either the independently-minded last great patrons of Scottish Gaelic culture or as dangerous rivals to the Stewart kings for mastery of Scotland, this collection navigates through such opposed perspectives to re-examine the politics, culture, society and connections of Highland and Hebridean Scotland from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. It delivers a compelling account of a land and people caught literally and figuratively between two worlds, those of the Atlantic and mainland Scotland, and of Gaelic and Anglophone culture. Contributors are David Caldwell, Sonja Cameron, Alastair Campbell, Alison Cathcart, Colin Martin, Tom McNeill, Lachlan Nicholson, Richard Oram, Michael Penman, Alasdair Ross, Geoffrey Stell and Sarah Thomas.Trade Review"This collection of twelve articles plus an introduction is an extremely welcome addition to the increasingly sophisticated literature on the Gaelic culture of Highland and Hebridean Scotland from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries." Victoria Whitworth, Landscape History, Vol. 37, No. 1, DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2016.1176438, Date accessed: 5 May, 2016Table of ContentsList of Illustrations and Maps…vii List of Abbreviations …x List of Contributors …xii Introduction A Celtic Dirk at Scotland’s Back? The Lordship of the Isles in Mainstream Scottish Historiography since 1828 …1 Richard D. Oram 1 Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Climate, Weather and the Rise of the Lordship of the Isles …40 Richard D. Oram 2 The MacDonald Lordship and the Bruce Dynasty, c.1306–c.1371 …62 Michael A. Penman 3 From the River Farrar to the Loire Valley: The MacDonald Lord of the Isles, the Scottish Crown, and International Diplomacy, 1428–1438 …88 Lachlan Nicholson 4 Ghille Chattan Mhor and Clann Mhic an Tòisich Lands in the Clann Dhomhnail Lordship of Lochaber …101 Alasdair Ross 5 Bishops, Priests, Monks and Their Patrons: The Lords of the Isles and the Church …123 Sarah Thomas 6 ‘Contumaciously Absent’?: The Lords of the Isles and the Scottish Crown …146 Sonja Cameron 7 A Maritime Dominion – Sea-Power and the Lordship …176 Colin Martin 8 West Highland Heraldry and the Lordship of the Isles …200 Alastair Campbell of Airds 9 Organising a Lordship: The Castles of the MacDonalds of Dunivaig and the Glens …211 T.E. McNeill 10 The Lordship of the Isles: Identity Through Materiality …227 David H. Caldwell 11 A Spent Force?: The Clan Donald in the Aftermath of 1493 …254 Alison Cathcart 12 Castle Tioram and the MacDonalds of Clanranald: A Western Seaboard Castle in Context …271 Geoffrey Stell Bibliography …297 Index …319

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Book SynopsisIn Time and the Ancestors: Aztec and Mixtec Ritual Art, Maarten Jansen and Aurora Pérez present new interpretations of enigmatic masterpieces from ancient Mexico. Combining iconographical analysis with the study of archaeological contexts, historical sources and living cultural traditions, they shed light on central symbols and values of the religious heritage of indigenous peoples, paying special attention to precolonial perceptions of time and the importance of ancestor worship. They decipher the meaning of the treasure deposited in Tomb 7 at Monte Albán (Oaxaca) and of artworks such as the Roll of the New Fire (Selden Roll), the Aztec religious sculptures and, last but not least, the mysterious chapter of temple scenes from the Book of Night and Wind (Codex Borgia).Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Introduction: Temporality and coevalness 1. Mesoamerica: historical development 2. Ancient scriptures 3. The main cycles of the calendar 4. The first day-keepers 5. Denial of coevalness 6. Methodological concerns 7. Recapitulation and concluding remarks PART ONE OFFERING TO THE SACRED BUNDLES Chapter 1: Tomb 7 at Monte Albán 1. A deposition of two periods 2. The human remains in Tomb 7 3. The ancient literary context 4. Calendar dates in Tomb 7 5. Connections with Ñuu Dzaui history 6. Connections with Beni Zaa history 7. Female agency 8. Revisiting Tomb 7 9. Approaching the relics 10. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Chapter 2: Life - Death - Life 1. Tale of a grandmother 2. Nahua and Maya parallels 3. The symbolic dimension 4. Cihuacoatl and Lady 9 Grass 5. Mortuary bundles 6. Divine ancestors 7. Communication with the dead 8. The golden ornament Number 26 9. The subterraneous sanctuary 10. The internal organisation of Tomb 7 11. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Chapter 3: Hymns of jaguars and eagles 1. Flower, song 2. The tree of the dynasty 3. Treebirth at Apoala 4. The war against the stone men 5. First sunrise and the cycle of time 6. The pulque ritual 7. The realm of the dead 8. Lady 4 Rabbit ‘Quetzal’ 9. The marital alliance 10. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Chapter 4: Memory and oracle 1. Chalcatzingo: the Preclassic template 2. Occasions for precious offerings 3. The ballcourt pendant 4. The sacred flint 5. The Temple of Jewels 6. Identifying Monte Albán in the codices 7. Lady 6 Monkey at Monte Albán 8. The funerary ceremony for Lord 12 Movement 9. Recapitulation and concluding remarks PART TWO PREPARING THE NEW FIRE Chapter 5: The foundation of a dynasty 1. Pictorial manuscripts from the Coixtlahuaca Valley 2. The couple in heaven 3. Chicomoztoc 4. Religious peregrination 5. The sacred mountain 6. Primordial conquest 7. Lady 13 Alligator, the peacemaker 8. Atonal, first ruler of Coixtlahuaca 9. Lord 8 Deer and Quetzalcoatl 10. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Chapter 6: Fifth sun rising 1. The inauguration of the Templo Mayor 2. Cihuacoatl: goddess and priest 3. The Stone of Tizoc 4. The Calendar Stone 5. Moctezuma’s altar 6. The binding of 52 years 7. The ceremonial landscape of Mount Huixachtlan 8. Moctezuma and Ce Acatl 9. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Chapter 7: The Sanctuary of Night and Wind 1. Historical background of Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia) 2. Studies of Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia) 3. Point of departure for a new reading 4. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 29: vision 5. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 30: bloodletting for trees 6. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 31: transformation of death into life 7. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 32: preparing the knife 8. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), pages 33-34: the Temple of Heaven 9. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 35-38: opening the sacred bundle 10. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), pages 39-40: the Night Sun 11. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 41-42: sacrifice 12. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 43: sustenance 13. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 44: rulership 14. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 45: Venus 15. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 46: fire-making 16. Codex Yoalli Ehecatl (Borgia), page 47: men and women 17. Recapitulation and concluding remarks Synthesis: Heritage and spirit connection 1. Root symbolism 2. Tomb 7: a dynastic shrine 3. The continuous presence of Cihuacoatl 4. Intercultural time and decolonising perspective 5. Final image References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the dress and personal appearance of members of the middle and lower classes in the eastern Mediterranean region during the 4th to 8th centuries. Written, art historical and archaeological evidence is assessed with a view to understanding the way that cloth and clothing was made, embellished, cared for and recycled during this period. Beginning with an overview of current research on Roman dress, the book looks in detail at the use of apotropaic and amuletic symbols and devices on clothing before examining sewing and making methods, the textile industry and the second-hand clothing trade. The final chapter includes detailed information on the making and modelling of exact replicas based on extant garments.Trade Review"In Dress and Personal Appearance in Late Antiquity, Morgan presents a comprehensive account of the clothing worn by men, women and children of different classes across the 3rd to 7th centuries AD, well-illustrated with more than 100 colour plates. [...] this is an invaluable volume for libraries and Morgan has made a unique contribution to our sense of life in Late Antiquity" Tamara Lewit, The University of Melbourne, in PCA, volume 8/2018, pp. 337-8

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Book SynopsisCyberResearch on the Ancient Near East and Neighboring Regions presents case studies on archaeology, objects, texts, and online publishing, digital archiving, and preservation. Edited by Vanessa Bigot Juloux, Amy Rebecca Gansell, and Alessandro Di Ludovico, it emphasizes the significance of the digital humanities to Ancient Near Eastern Studies.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Editors’ Note Phonology Abbreviations List of Figures, Tables, and Appendices Notes on Contributors Introduction to CyberResearch on the Ancient Near East and Neighboring Regions  Vanessa Bigot Juloux, Amy Rebecca Gansell, and Alessandro di Ludovico Part 1: Archaeology 1 A Conceptual Framework for Archaeological Data Encoding  Sveta Matskevich and Ilan Sharon 2 Landscape Archaeology and Artificial Intelligence: the Neural Hypersurface of the Mesopotamian Urban Revolution  Marco Ramazzotti, Paolo Massimo Buscema & Giulia Massini Part 2: Objects 3 Data Description and the Integrated Study of Ancient Near Eastern Works of Art: The Potential of Cylinder Seals  Alessandro di Ludovico 4 A Quantitative Method for the Creation of Typologies for Qualitatively Described Objects  Shannon Martino and Matthew Martino Part 3: Texts 5 A Qualitative Approach Using Digital Analyses for the Study of Action in Narrative Texts: KTU 1.1-6 from the Scribe ʾIlimilku of Ugarit as a Case Study  Vanessa Bigot Juloux 6 Network Analysis for Reproducible Research on Large Administrative Cuneiform Corpora  Émilie Pagé-Perron 7 Semantic Domains in Akkadian Texts  Saana Svärd, Heidi Jauhiainen, Aleksi Sahala, and Krister Lindén 8 Using Quantitative Methods for Measuring Inter-Textual Relations in Cuneiform  M. Willis Monroe Part 4: Online Publishing, Digital Archiving, and Preservation 9 On the Problem of the Epigraphic Interoperability of Digitized Texts of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern Regions in First Millennium bce  Doğu Kaan Eraslan 10 Digital Philology in the Ras Shamra Tablet Inventory Project: Text Curation through Computational Intelligence  Miller C. Prosser 11 Publishing Sumerian Literature on the Semantic Web  Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller Maps Toponyms Related to Ancient Settlements or Regions Mentioned in Glossaries Index of Archaeology and Typology Index of Authors in Bibliographical References Index of Digital Terms Index of History and Geography Index of Literature

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Book SynopsisIn Ornamental Nationalism: Archaeology and Antiquities in Mexico, 1876-1911, Seonaid Valiant examines the Porfirian government’s reworking of indigenous, particularly Aztec, images to create national symbols. She focuses in particular on the career of Mexico's first national archaeologist, Inspector General Leopoldo Batres. He was a controversial figure who was accused of selling artifacts and damaging sites through professional incompetence by his enemies, but who also played a crucial role in establishing Mexican control over the nation's archaeological heritage. Exploring debates between Batres and his rivals such as the anthropologists Zelia Nuttall and Marshall Saville, Valiant reveals how Porfirian politicians reinscribed the political meaning of artifacts while social scientists, both domestic and international, struggled to establish standards for Mexican archaeology that would undermine such endeavors.Trade Review“The author deftly weaves together what appear to be disparate threads of inquiry into a very valuable intellectual history of Mesoamerican studies and Mexican politics. This book, written in an accessible style, is both informative and surprisingly entertaining. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above; professionals.” Jeff Seibert, in: Choice, Vol. 55, No. 9 (May 2018).Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures Introduction  Rise of Professionalism  Archaeology and Nationalism  Artifacts and Authority  Overview of the Book Part 1 1 Nation Building  Mexico before the Porfiriato  Porfirio Díaz  European Influences on the Porfiriato  Monumentalism in Mexico  Heir to Juárez  Heir to the Aztecs  Creating the Image of the Nation  Symbols of Centralization 2 Designing the Porfiriato  Mexico in Paris  Porfiriopoxtli  Policies  Assimilation  Aztec Patriotism: Sierra and Chavero 3 Rag of Barbarism: Aztecs and Mayas in International Thought (1804–1911)  Shifting Ideas  Baron Alexander von Humboldt  Humboldt’s Influence on other Archaeologists  Translating the Mayas: John Lloyd Stephens  Iroquois of the South: Prescott and Morgan  Sacrifice  Popular Culture Part 2 4 The Inspector General and Conservator of Archaeological Monuments  Antiquities  Leopoldo Batres (1852–1926)  Nepotism  Batres and the Scholarly Community  Batres’s Background  Race  Hrdlička  Manuel Gamio 5 Batres in the Field  Policing Archaeological Zones  Saville Seeks Access  Escalerillas: The Street of Staircases  The 1902 International Congress of Americanists in New York City  Thompson in the Yucatán  Batres at Teotihuacán 6 Batres Fought with All the World  La Isla de Sacrificios: Batres and Nuttall  Zelia Nuttall  Isla de Sacrificios  The National Museum 7 The Grand Tour: International Congress of Americanists, Mexico City, 1910  Two Automobiles from Teotihuacán: Corruption  Map from Teotihuacán  Eugène Boban  Batres’s Exit Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWriting is not the only notation system used in literate societies. Some visual communication systems are very similar to writing, but work differently. Identity marks are typical examples of such systems, and this book presents a particularly well-documented marking system used in Pharaonic Egypt as an exemplary case. From Single Sign to Pseudo-Script is the first book to fully discuss the nature and development of an ancient marking system, its historical background, and the fascinating story of its decipherment. Chapters on similar systems in other cultures and on semiotic theory help to distinguish between unique and universal features. Written by Egyptologist Ben Haring, the book addresses scholars interested in marking systems, writing, literacy, and the semiotics of visual communication. "With this publication, the author exemplified how a close familiarity with a subject enables research in areas of Egyptian society that had not been touched until now and how the resulting insight is presented properly." - Eva-Maria Engel, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, in: Bibliotheca Orientalis 76.1-2 (2019) "This work should certainly become a guidebook to scholars wishing to publish ostraca of this sort, who have in the past shied away from the complex task due to the enigmatic nature of the materials. The time has arrived for this study of this hitherto neglected facet of Egyptian writing, to find its fitting place in the history of literacy and script in Ancient Egypt, as well as in the history of workmen’s signs in general." - Orly Goldwasser, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in: Journal of Near Eastern Studies (2019, 78/2) "The technical data and Egyptological scholarship of the book are deliberately made very accessible to be of assistance in the understanding of identity marks in other periods and cultures. This is a remarkable work of social history." - George J. Brooke, in: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43.5 (2019)Trade Review"With this publication, the author exemplified how a close familiarity with a subject enables research in areas of Egyptian society that had not been touched until now and how the resulting insight is presented properly." - Eva-Maria Engel, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, in: Bibliotheca Orientalis 76.1-2 (2019) "Over one thousand ostraca are assessed, together with other objects from the workmen’s settlement and tombs, especially pottery vessels, and hundreds of graffiti in the Theban mountains. The technical data and Egyptological scholarship of the book are deliberately made very accessible to be of assistance in the understanding of identity marks in other periods and cultures. This is a remarkable work of social history." - George J. Brooke, in: Society for Old Testament Study Book List 2019Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures Prologue Ancient Egyptian Identity Marks in Theoretical and Comparative Perspective 1 Making Sense of Funny Signs  1.1 An Ancient Text from Berlin  1.2 Documentary Texts, Hieratic and Otherwise  1.3 The Research History of the Necropolis Workmen’s Marks  1.4 A Quick Lesson in Hieroglyphs  1.5 Marks and Hieroglyphs  1.6 The Aim of the Present Book 2 Identity Marks, Egyptian and Other  2.1 A Unique Document  2.2 Ancient Egyptian Pot Marks  2.3 Builders’ Marks, from Teams to Individuals  2.4 Marking Systems Worldwide  2.5 Masons’ Marks in Europe, Medieval and Later  2.6 The Morphology of Masons’ Marks  2.7 Why Were Masons’ Marks Applied?  2.8 Masons and Masters  2.9 Masons’ Marks in Families and Workshops  2.10 General Characteristics of Marking Systems 3 Writing and Other Sign Systems  3.1 Theories of the Sign  3.2 The Sign in Structuralism: Paradigm and Syntagma, Signifier and Signified  3.3 The Sign According to Peirce: Referentiality and Semiosis  3.4 Visual and Material Communication: To Write, or Not to Write?  3.5 Writing and Other Graphic Systems, Independently and Together  3.6 Literacy: Mastering Writing … and Much More The Deir el-Medina Marking System 4 The Setting: The Workmen of the Royal Tomb and Their Textual Legacy  4.1 An Exceptional Village  4.2 The Early History of the Royal Necropolis and Its Workmen  4.3 Great Changes for Egypt and for the Royal Necropolis  4.4 Ramesside Necropolis Administration, and Administrators  4.5 The End of the Royal Necropolis  4.6 Hieratic Necropolis Records … by the Thousands  4.7 The Nature of the Documentary Texts  4.8 Local Knowledge and Output, Textual and Visual 5 The Use of the Workmen’s Marks: Historical Overview  5.1 The Earliest Marks of the Royal Necropolis Workmen  5.2 The Origin of the Marking System  5.3 A Break in the History of the Marking System?  5.4 Nineteenth-Dynasty Ostraca with Marks  5.5 Marks and Families  5.6 The Function of the Nineteenth-Dynasty Marks  5.7 The Twentieth-Dynasty Duty Rosters  5.8 Other Types of Record from the Twentieth Dynasty  5.9 The Late Twentieth Dynasty 6 How the Men Came by Their Marks, and Vice Versa  6.1 Marks and Their Users  6.2 Long- and Short-Lived Marks: Pomegranate, Lotus and Jackal  6.3 Long-Lived Marks and Their Graphic Variety: The Families of Qaha and Sennedjem  6.4 Short-Lived Marks: Name, Reputation and Status  6.5 Mark, Family and Position  6.6 Morphology: Distinctive Forms versus Allomorphs  6.7 Sign Categories and Fuzzy Borders  6.8 The Role of Writing and Literacy  6.9 Morphology and Semiosis: Anything Goes?  6.10 Historical and Functional Context: Graphic Communication and Literacy Epilogue: The Alphabet Bibliographical Essay References Timetable Index

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Book SynopsisThe Caucasian Archaeology of the Holy Land investigates the complete corpus of available literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence of the Armenian, Georgian and Caucasian Albanian Christian communities’ activity in the Holy Land during the Byzantine and the Early Islamic periods. This book presents the first integrated approach to a wide variety of literary sources and archaeological evidence, previously unpublished or revised. The study explores the place of each of these Caucasian communities in ancient Palestine through a synthesis of literary and material evidence and seeks to understand the interrelations between them and the influence they had on the national churches of the Caucasus.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures List of MapsXi List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 2 The Literary Sources  Chronicles  Ecclesiastical Documents  Holy Land Descriptions  Hagiographies 3 The Archaeological Evidence  The Armenian Community  The Georgian Community 4 Manuscripts and Colophons  Armenian Manuscripts  Georgian Manuscripts  Albanian Manuscripts 5 Finds vs. Texts Archaeology and Literary Sources  Types of Institutions  Identification of the Sites 6 Caucasian Communities and the Holy Land The Patterns of Interaction  Interaction with the Church of Jerusalem: The Archaeological Evidence  Interaction with the Church of Jerusalem: The Epigraphic Evidence  Compatriots or Heretics? The Impact of Christological Controversies on the Relations Between the Communities  The Communities in the Holy Land and Their Relations with the Homeland  ‘On the Map”: Geographic Patterns of the Caucasian Communities Summary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn the nineteenth century, the search for the artistic, architectural and written monuments promoted by the French State with the aim to build a unified nation transcending regional specificities, also fostered the development of local or regional identitary consciousness. In Roussillon, this distinctive consciousness relied on a basically cultural concept of nation epitomised mainly by the Catalan language – Roussillon being composed of Catalan counties annexed to France in 1659. In The Antiquarians of the Nation, Francesca Zantedeschi explores how the works of Roussillon's archaeologists and philologists, who retrieved and enhanced the Catalan specificities of the region, contributed to the early stages of a ‘national’ (Catalan) cultural revival, and galvanised the implicit debate between (French) national history and incipient regional studies.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Maps and Figures Introduction Part 1: Monuments 1 Tailoring the Repertoire of the French Nation  1 The Revolutionary Vandalism and the Preservation of National Heritage   1.1 The Raising Awareness of the ‘national heritage’ and Its Enhancement   1.2 The Preservation of National Heritage: The Creation of Museums  2 Searching for Ancestors: the Enthusiasm for the Middle Ages   2.1 The Romanists-Germanists Debate  3 Early Nineteenth-Century Celticism and the Celtic Origins of France   3.1 The Académie Celtique and the Beginnings of French Ethnology   3.2 The Celtophile Trend in Literature  4 Rewriting the History of the French People(s)  5 Governing the Historical and Documental Heritage   5.1 The Commission des Monuments Historiques 2Antiquarians and Archaeologists: The Retreival of Monuments in Roussillon  1 From Antiquarianism to Archaeology  2 Initial Attempts to Preserve National Monuments in Roussillon   2.1 The Enquête pour la recherche des antiquités   2.2 The Results of the Survey in the Pyrénées-Orientales Department  3 Travelling in and Discovering Medieval France   3.1 The Promotion of Romanesque Monuments   3.2 Mérimée’s Journey to Roussillon  4 Institutionalising Archaeology in Roussillon   4.1 Searching for Celtic Monuments  5 The Early rearrangements of the CTHS   5.1 The Revue des Société savantes Replaced the Bulletin  6 The Sociétés Savantes and the Recovery of Roussillon Cultural Particularities   6.1 Cultural Life in Roussillon under the July Monarchy Part 2: Language 3Vernacular Languages to be Preserved as National Heritage: Catalan  1 Catalan Language in Roussillon Prior to the Nineteenth Century  2 The Politics of Language at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century   2.1 The First Surveys on Languages  3 The Blossoming of the Romance Studies in France   3.1 The Bourgeoning Taxonomy: Grammars, Manuals, and Dictionaries  4 Romance Studies: Recovering Catalan   4.1 Early Studies on Catalan in Roussillon   4.2 Jaubert de Passa’s Historical Research on Catalan 4The Long-Standing Traditionalist Approach to Language Studies  1 A Step Further: Differentiating Catalan from Occitan   1.1 François-Romain Cambouliu’s Research  2 Romance Studies in France in the Second Half of the Century   2.1 The Consecration of National Romance Studies  3 The Resilient ‘Antiquarian’ Approach of Roussillon Philologists Part 3: Catalan Cultural Revival in Roussillon 5A Transnational Cultural Context: Occitans and Catalans  1 The Awakening of the French ‘Provinces’  2 The Occitan Cultural Revival   2.1 The Forerunners of the Provençal Literary Revival: the ‘Dialectal’ Poets  3 The Félibrige   3.1 Mistral’s Myth  4 Resurrecting the Albigensians  5 The Occitan-Catalan Friendship  6 The Recovery of the Catalan National Culture   6.1 Literary Historicism   6.2 Language   6.3 The Renaixença  7 From Cultural Revival to the First Political Ventures  8 Re-reading the Occitan-Catalan ‘Friendship’ 6Catalan Language and Literature in Roussillon, 1880–1906  1 The Troubled Dawning of the Third Republic   1.1 The Anticlerical Policies of the Third Republic  2 Vernacular Language as a Religious Rampart   2.1 Abbé Joseph Santol  3 Catalan and Roussillon ‘Germanor’   3.1 Catalan National Epics: L’Atlàntida and Canigó   3.2 The Genesis of Canigó and Its Reception in Roussillon   3.3 Celebrating Catalan Brotherhood  4 The ‘Dark Side’ of the Roussillon Linguistic and Literary Revival  5 On the Way to fin-de-siècle Regionalism   5.1 Debates on Catalan by the End of the Nineteenth Century  6 The Linguistic Standardisation of Catalan   6.1 The Primer Congrés Internacional de la Llengua Catalana (1906)   6.2 Impact of the Congress in Roussillon Conclusion Bibliography Index

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