Archaeology by period / region Books

Book SynopsisThe current geography of north-west Europe, from the perspective of long-term Pleistocene climate change, is temporary. The seaways that separate southern Britain from northern France comprise a flooded landscape open to occupation by hunter-gatherers for large parts of the 0.5 million years since the English Channel’s formation. While much of this record is now inaccessible to systematic archaeological investigation it is critical that we consider past human societies in the region in terms of access to, inhabitation in, and exploitation of this landscape.This latest volume of the acclaimed Prehistoric Society Research Papers provides a starting point for approaching the Middle Palaeolithic record of the English Channel region and considering the ecological opportunities and behavioural constraints this landscape offered to Neanderthal groups in north-west Europe. The volume reviews the Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record along the fringes of La Manche in northern France and southern Britain. It examines this record in light of recent advances in quaternary stratigraphy, science-based dating, and palaeoecology and explores how Palaeolithic archaeology in the region has developed in an interdisciplinary way to transform our understanding of Neanderthal behaviour. Focusing in detail on a particular sub-region of this landscape, the Normano-Breton Gulf, the volume presents the results of recent research focused on exceptionally productive coastal capture points for Neanderthal archaeology. In turn the long-term behavioural record of La Cotte de St Brelade is presented and explored, offering a key to changing Neanderthal behaviour. Aspects of movement into and through these landscapes, changing technological and raw material procurement strategies, hunting patterns and site structures, are presented as accessible behaviours that change at site and landscape scales in response to changing climate, sea level and ecology over the last 250,000 years.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Contributors Abstract French Language Abstract German Language Abstract Acknowledgements 1. Repeopling La Manche: survey and encounters By Matt Pope 2. La Cotte de St Brelade: a key early Middle Palaeolithic geoarchaeological sequence in La Manche By Andrew Shaw 3. In pursuit of the mammoths By Katharine Scott 4. The early Middle Palaeolithic ‘bone heaps’ from La Cotte de St Brelade reconsidered By Andrew Shaw, Beccy Scott and Matt Pope 5. Coming home: reconstructing place and landscape during the early Middle Palaeolithic at La Cotte de St Brelade By Andrew Shaw and Beccy Scott 6. Jersey’s north facing property: the Neanderthal sequence at La Cotte à la Chèvre Cave By Josie Mills 7. Understanding the context of Palaeolithic archaeology in the Normanno-Breton Gulf: the importance of the Pleistocene coastal sequences By Martin R. Bates, John Renouf and Marine Laforge 8. La Cotte, Neanderthals and Goldilocks: investigating hominin adaptations in the submerged landscapes of the Normanno-Breton Gulf By C. Richard Bates, Andrew Shaw, Martin R. Bates, Matt Pope and Beccy Scott 9. Archaeological sequences, framework, and lithic overview of the late Middle Pleistocene of northern France By David Hérisson, Jean-Luc Locht, Émilie Goval, Pierre Antoine and Sylvie Coutard 10. La Cotte in its regional context: reconsidering La Manche By Beccy Scott and Anne-Lyse Ravon 11. Mind and society: re-imagining the archaeology of Neanderthals By Clive Gamble and Matt Pope Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Social Context of Technology explores non-ferrous metalworking in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze and Iron Ages (c. 2500 BC to 1st century AD). Bronze-working dominates the evidence, though the crafting of other non-ferrous metals – including gold, silver, tin and lead – is also considered. Metalwork has long played a central role in accounts of European later prehistory. Metals were important for making functional tools, and elaborate decorated objects that were symbols of prestige. Metalwork could be treated in special or ritualised ways, by being accumulated in large hoards or placed in rivers or bogs. But who made these objects? Prehistoric smiths have been portrayed by some as prosaic technicians, and by others as mystical figures akin to magicians. They have been seen both as independent, travelling ‘entrepreneurs’, and as the dependents of elite patrons. Hitherto, these competing models have not been tested through a comprehensive assessment of the archaeological evidence for metalworking.This volume fills that gap, with analysis focused on metalworking tools and waste, such as crucibles, moulds, casting debris and smithing implements. The find contexts of these objects are examined, both to identify places where metalworking occurred, and to investigate the cultural practices behind the deposition of metalworking debris.The key questions are: what was the social context of this craft, and what was its ideological significance? How did this vary regionally and change over time? As well as elucidating a key aspect of later prehistoric life in Britain and Ireland, this important examination by leading scholars contributes to broader debates on material culture and the social role of craft.Trade Review...a scholarly work, good reference book, and a great read. * Current World Archaeology *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age, c 2500–1700 BC Chapter 3: Later Bronze Age and earliest Iron Age, c 1700–600 BC Chapter 4: Iron Age, c. 600 BC–1st century AD Chapter 5: Discussion Appendices Catalogues of finds of metalworking equipment from different periods. Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisButrint 6 describes the excavations carried out on the Vrina Plain by the Butrint Foundation from 2002–2007. Lying just to the south of the ancient port city of Butrint, these excavations have revealed a 1,300 year long story of a changing community that began in the 1st century AD, one which not only played its part in shaping the city of Butrint but also in how the city interacted and at times reacted to the changing political, economic and cultural situations occurring across the Mediterranean World over this period. Volume II discusses the finds from the Vrina Plain excavations.This volume provides an insight into how the Vrina Plain community lived, worked and ultimately died and includes chapters on the medieval and post-medieval ceramics from the excavations, analysis of the human and faunal remains, environmental evidence, Roman and Medieval coins, a detailed study of the small finds as well as a discussion of the glass including a report on a number of glass cakes, ingots of raw glass associated with glass working that were found during the excavations.The volume also reports on five lead seals dating from the late 9th to the 10th century, an uncommon find but one which when considered with the contemporary coins suggests that for 100 years the Vrina Plain was Butrint.Trade ReviewThese volumes, which are also excellent on the editorial plan, contribute to strengthening the decisive centrality of the Butrint project in the context of Mediterranean archaeological experiences of the last thirty years, also because the quality of the scientific approach is accompanied by an updated reflection on the main themes that touch on the transformation of ancient society in its passagetowards the Middle Ages. * Archeologia Medievale *Table of Contents1. The Medieval and Post-Medieval pottery finds from the Vrina Plain excavations. Joanita Vroom 2. The Ancient and Early Byzantine Coins from Vrina Plain. Sam Moorhead 3. Byzantine and Early Modern Coins (9th – 17th centuries). Pagona Papadopoulou 4. Lead seals. Pagona Papadopoulou 5. The human skeletons from the Vrina Plain Todd W. Fenton, Angela Soler, Carolyn V. Hurst, and Jared Beatrice 6. Vrina Plain Small Finds John Mitchell Appendix: The conservation of the Vrina Plain small finds Pippa Pearce 7. The Vessel Glass of the Vrina Plain: A Catalogue Karen Stark 8. Glass cakes and glass tesserae from the Vrina Plain Nadine Schibille 9. The Faunal Remains Richard Madgwick 10. Aquatic resource exploitation at the Vrina Plain from the 1st to the 13th century AD Rena Veropoulidou 11. Hand-collected shell. Matt Law and Richard Madgwick 12. The archaeobotanical evidence of the Vrina Plain settlement Alexandra Livarda

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Book SynopsisThis study reconstructs twelfth-century sculptural and architectural finds, found during the restoration of the Perpendicular Great Cloister of Christ Church, Canterbury, as architectural screens constructed around 1173. It proposes that the screens provided monastic privacy and controlled pilgrimage to the Altar of the Sword's Point in the Martyrdom, the site of Archbishop Thomas Becket's murder in 1170.Excavations in the 1990s discovered evidence of a twelfth-century tunnel leading to the Martyrdom under the crossing of the western transept. Construction would have required rebuilding the crossing stairs and the screens flanking the crossing. The roundels, portraying lions, devils, a 'pagan', Jews, and a personification of the synagogue, are reconstructed on the south side of the crossing as a screening wall framing the entrance to this tunnel. The quatrefoils with images of Old Testament prophets are reconstructed as a rood screen on the west side of the crossing. In the Martyrdom, a screen is proposed with perhaps the earliest known sculptural representation of Thomas Becket. The rood screen, located behind the Altar of the Holy Cross, would have provided a visual focus during Mass, monastic processions, and sermons, especially during Christmas and Holy Week. The row of prophets, pointing upwards at the Rood, would have functioned as the visual equivalent of the dialogue of the ‘Ordo prophetarum’ that predicted the Messiah as proof to Jews and other unbelievers of Christian redemption. The roundels, just around the corner on the south screening wall, can be interpreted as representing the unbelieving Other and forces of evil warning pilgrims to seek penance at the altar of the newly canonized St Thomas.In addition to this new interpretation, a catalog raisonné and an account of the discovery of the finds offers material for future research that has been unavailable to previous studies. All the finds were photographed by the author as the restoration progressed;16 pieces of which have since been lost, making some of the unpublished photographs essential evidence of the archaeological record.Trade ReviewThis book will be essential for any student of late 12th-century sculpture. * Medieval Archaeology *The sculptural finds dramatically illustrate the seamless nature of European art and society in Romanesque times; a society joined, not separated, by the Channel. * Current Archaeology *This book should stimulate new discussions on the topography of this extraordinary cult, by far the most famous in western Europe. * British Archaeology *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of illustrations Part I Screens and the Cult of St Thomas Introduction 1. Previous studies and the location of the finds The king reliefs Earlier scholarship Prior Chillenden’s constructions Conclusion 2. Dating of the sculpture and architectural fragments Carving techniques Figurative sculpture Foliage decoration Architectural motifs Regional impact Conclusion 3. Christ Church, Canterbury (1170–1175) Becket’s murder in the north arm of the transept Analysis of Gervase’s description Crossing of the western transept South arm of the transept North arm of the transept (the Martyrdom) Late twelfth-century alterations in the crossing Prior Odo (1168–1175) Pilgrimage (1171–1175) Conclusion 4. Reconstruction of the screens in the western transept The Martyrdom North–south partitioning screen and north screen East side of partitioning screen and north screen West side of partitioning screen Southern entrance to the tunnel Excavations South screen East side of the crossing Rood screen Conclusion 5. The quatrefoils: prophecy and the theology of redemption The gestures of the prophets The rood screen as a liturgical focus Prophetic testimony in images and texts Liturgical drama Ysagoge in Theologiam Inscribed images of prophets and liturgical texts The Incarnation: Advent and Christmas Mass at the Altar of the Holy Cross The Passion: Holy Week Conclusion 6. The roundels: the Church’s Other Lions, demons, Jews and a pagan Synagoga The unbeliever Canterbury’s Jewish community Conclusion Conclusion Plates, Reconstructions Part II Twelfth-Century Finds from the Perpendicular Great Cloister Introduction to the catalogue Catalogue A. Statue segments B. Quatrefoils C. Roundels D. Shaft-rings E. Arch elements Hood-moulds and head-stops Beaded hood-moulds Voussoirs F. String-course and related elements G. Capitals and base H. Purbeck elements Comparative charts with dimensions of the limestone finds Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA Silent Place: Death in Mycenaean Lakonia is the first book-length systematic study of the Late Bronze Age (LBA) burial tradition in south-eastern Peloponnese, Greece, and the first to comprehensively present and discuss all Mycenaean tombs and funerary contexts excavated and/or simply reported in the region from the 19th century to present day. The book will discuss and reconstruct the emergence and development of the Mycenaean mortuary tradition in Lakonia by examining the landscape of death, the burial architecture, the funerary and post-funerary customs and rituals, and offering patterns over a longue durée.The author proposes patterns of continuity from the Middle Bronze Age (even the Early Bronze Age in terms of burial architecture) to the LBA and, equally important, from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age,and reconstructs diachronic processes of invention of tradition and identity in Mycenaean communities, on the basis of tomb types and their material culture. The text highlights the social, political and economic history of Late Bronze Age Lakonia from the evolution of the Mycenaean civilisation and the establishment of palatial administration in the Spartan vale, to the demise of Mycenaean culture and the turbulent post–collapse centuries, as reflected by the burial offerings.The book also brings to publication the chamber tombs at Epidavros Limera that remained largely unpublished since their excavation in the 1930s and 1950s. Epidavros Limera was one of the most important prehistoric coastal sites in prehistoric southern Greece (early 3rd–late 4th millennium BC), and one of the main harbour towns of the Mycenaean administrative centres of central Lakonia. It is one of very few Mycenaean sites that flourished uninterruptedly from the emergence of the Mycenaean civilisation until after the collapse of the palatial administration and into the transition to the Early Iron Age. The present study of the funerary architecture and of the pottery from the tombs suggests that the site was responsible for the introduction of the chamber tomb type on the Greek mainland in the latest phase of the Middle Bronze Age (definitely no later than the transitional Middle Bronze Age/Late Bronze Age period), and not in the early phase of the Late Bronze Age (Late Helladic I) as previously assumed.Trade Review...a comprehensive study of Late Bronze Age funerary archaeology to challenge a long held assumption that Laconia was abandoned after the decline of Mycenaean palaces. * Antiquity *Overall, this is a very useful and revealing survey, and anyone wishing to discuss Mycenaean burial evidence in Laconia would do well to make good use of it and follow its system of cataloguing the cemeteries and individual graves. * Journal of Greek Archaeology *Table of ContentsPreface (by Professor Bill Cavanagh) Preface and Acknowledgements List of illustrations List of tables Introduction Chapter 1 – Chronicle of explorations of the LBA Chapter 2 – Before the Mycenaeans Chapter 3 – The location of the graves Chapter 4 – Architecture Chapter 5 – Burial customs and funerary rites Chapter 6 – Material Culture Chapter 7 – Epilogue Appendix: The development of early Epidavros Limera in historical times (late 10th c. BC to Roman times) Bibliography and Abbreviations

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Book SynopsisThis volume investigates the interaction between the natural environment, market forces and political entities in an ancient Sicilian town and its surrounding micro-region over the time-span of a thousand years. Focusing on the ancient polis of Kale Akte (Caronia) and the surrounding Nebrodi area on the north coast of Sicily, the book examines the city’s archaeology and history from a broad geographical and cultural viewpoint, suggesting that Kale Akte may have had a greater economic importance for Sicily and the wider Mediterranean world than its size and lowly political status would suggest. Also discussed is the gradual population shift away from the hill-top down to a growing harbour settlement at Caronia Marina, at the foot of the rock.The book is particularly important for the comprehensive analysis of the 1999–2004 excavations at the latter, with fresh interpretations of the function of the buildings excavated and their chronology, as well for reviewing the present state of our knowledge about Kale Acte/Calacte, and defining research questions for the future. The archaeological material at the heart of this study comes from excavations at the site conducted by the author. It is one of the few detailed publications from Sicily of Hellenistic and Roman amphora material.The conclusions about changing trends of commercial production and exchange will be of interest to those working on ceramic material elsewhere in Sicily and indeed further afield. The study also offers a fresh perspective of the economic history of ancient Sicily. The origins of Kale Akte and its alleged foundation by the exiled Sikel leader, Ducetius, in the fifth century BC, are also discussed in the light of the latest archaeological discoveries. An Italian summary of each chapter is also included.Table of ContentsList of contents Chapter 1 The Settlements Chapter 2 The territory: resources and communications Chapter 3 Archaeological research at Caronia and Caronia Marina Chapter 4 The material evidence Chapter 5 Production and supply at Kale Akte and in Sicily Chapter 6 Trade and production mechanisms ay Kale Akte and on the South Tyrrhenian Chapter 7 From trading post to rural village Appendix 1 Methodological problems and quantification of finds Appendix 2 Amphorae from Caronia and Caronia Marina: thin section analysis Catalogue of finds Catalogue of fabrics Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisUntil now insular and continental material, mostly metal-work, found in pagan Viking Age graves in Norway, has been interpreted as looted material from churches and monasteries on the British Isles and the Continent. The raiding Vikings brought these objects back to their homeland where they were often broken up and used as jewellery or got alternative functions.Looting or Missioning looks at the use and functions of these sacred objects in their original Christian contexts. Based on such an analysis the author proposes an alternative interpretation of these objects: they were brought by Christian missionaries from different parts of the British Isles and the Continent to Norway. The objects were either personal (crosses, croziers, portable reliquaries etc.), objects used for baptism (hanging bowls), equipment to officiate a mass (mountings from books or reading equipment, altars or crosses) or to give the communion (pitchers, glass vessels, chalices, paten). We know from contemporary sources (Ansgar in Birka, Sweden in the ninth century) that missionaries brought this sort of equipment on their mission journeys. We also hear that missionaries were robbed, killed or chased off. Mikkelson interprets the sacred objects found in Viking Age pagan graves as objects that originate from the many unsuccessful mission attempts in Norway throughout the Viking Age. They changed function and were integrated in the pagan tradition.The conversion and Christianisation of Norway can thus be seen as a long-lasting process, at least from about 800 (but probably earlier) to the beginning of the eleventh century. As we must assume that the written sources on the subject are incomplete, the archaeological evidences are the main source. In addition to metal work and written sources, the dating and interpretation of stone crosses, rune stones, manuscript fragments and early Christian graves and churches are discussed. The main part of the manuscript regards the context of all these sources, studied in each part of Norway separately: Where do we find concentrations of objects that could support the interpretation of these being the result of mission attempts, and where can we combine archaeological and written sources to tentatively create more complete stories related to mission?One analysis is of special interest to British and Norwegian scholars and even a broader audience. It refers to the chieftain Ohthere from Northern Norway, who visited King Alfred the Great in Winchester in 890. The author finds a link between Alfred´s court and Ohthere´s farm which, it is argued, for was Borg at Vestvågøy, Lofoten, where the biggest Viking Age house in Northern Europe has been excavated. In the hall of this house were found a rare glass beaker with gold cross decorations, a Continental or British made pitcher, pieces of a bronze bowl and an æstel of gold. This last piece is only found in Northern Norway and in England, with Wessex and Mercia as the core areas. “The Alfred Jewel” (Ashmolean Museum) is also an æstel of the same main type, but much more splendid and with an inscription relating it to King Alfred. Mikkelson argues for a bishop being sent from Wessex and Alfred´s court on Ohthere´s ship back to Northern Norway as a missionary.Trade ReviewPresents a radical re-interpretation of insular material from Scandinavia … Well presented and beautifully illustrated. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Part 1: Sources and models for missionary activity 1. Introduction The spread of Christianity in north-west Europe The change of religion in Norway – a long process, not a short event Written sources – archaeological sources Written sources to the missionary activity in Scandinavia during the Viking Age 2. Models for the missionary activity What is a mission? Model 1: Individual monks and priests as missionaries coming from The British Isles Model 2: Organized mission from the Frankish Empire and Germany – ‘the Ansgar model’ Model 3: Mission with the Norwegian kings as initiators Part 2: Tracing missionary activity in Norway based on material culture 3. Stone crosses ‘Celtic missioning’ ‘Anglian missioning’ German missioning Preliminary conclusions 4. The interpretation of insular metalwork in Norwegian Viking Age graves Sacred objects in early Christendom Secular objects of insular origin 5. Early Christian churches and graves 6. A geographical analysis of the Christianization process in Norway Western Norway The Kuli Stone at Kuløy, Edøy, Møre og Romsdal Middle Norway: Trøndelag Northern Norway Eastern Norway Contents Part 3: Summary and conclusions Bibliography Appendices A–L: Clerical objects A. Stone crosses from the Viking Age B. Croziers C. Reliquaries and shrine mountings D. Crosses and cross mountings E. Book-mountings and book-shrines F. Hanging bowls G. Bronze bowls: Doubtful and non-hanging bowls H. Bronze ladles with handle I. Bronze-covered wooden buckets J. Altar- and tabernacle mountings K. Chalices, patens and holy-water sprinkler L. Cross and crucifix amulets from the Viking Age (c. AD 900–1100) Appendices M–T: Secular objects M. Ring pins and brooches of insular origin N. Harness fittings, strap distributors and other horse fittings of insular origin O. Belt clasps, strap ends etc of insular and Carolingian origin P. Drinking horns and -mountings from the British Isles Q. Swords (mainly) from the British Isles R. Balance scales of insular origin S. Early Anglo-Saxon and Frankish coins T. Late Anglo-Saxon silver coins (tenth–eleventh century)

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Book SynopsisFor many people it is clear: the actions and beliefs of Ancient Israel are described in the Bible. The stories about its peoples and kings, struggles and wars, deities and shrines, are supposed to have been told and retold throughout the ages and recorded in ancient archives. At a certain moment in time these stories have been assembled in the Bible which becomes history. However, from the 19th century at least, scholars have doubted the historical reliability of many biblical stories, and archaeological research has hardly been able to confirm their historicity.The aim of this book is to describe the often-complicated relationship between archaeology and the Bible. It is not a book on `biblical archaeology’, and archaeology is not used to illustrate the biblical stories, let alone to prove that the Bible is right. On the contrary, it focuses on the information that archaeology can provide of the lives and beliefs of the ancient peoples that inhabited the land in which the Bible was written, and on the question of how this information relates to the biblical stories. It aims at providing some examples of how this interplay of archaeology and biblical stories works, and how to interpret the discrepancy that may exist between the results of archaeological research and the biblical narrative. It thus offers an introduction into the field from the standpoint of an archaeologist.The book is intended for the general public, and will also be of interest to biblical scholars, historians and teachers, as well as archaeologists in other fields. It differs from the average non-scholarly book on this subject in that it is more personal, more eclectic, more archaeological. Reviews of the Dutch edition praise the passionate style and the way it focuses on the scientific process of researching problems, instead of on finding answers and presenting the solution.Trade ReviewA good acquisition for archaeology collections. * Association of Jewish Libraries Reviews *Table of ContentsList of figures Prologue 1. In search of … archaeology and the Bible 2. In search of … Abraham and his descendants 3. In search of … Saul and the days of the Judges 4. In search of … Goliath, the Philistine 5. In search of … David and Solomon 6. In search of … Jezebel and the House of Omri 7. In search of … Mesha of Moab 8. In search of … Jehoiachin and the Exile 9. In search of … the prophet Balaam 10. In search of … the goddess Asherah 11. In search of … the temple of Jerusalem Epilogue Further reading

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Book SynopsisRecently, complex interpretations of socio-cultural change in the ancient Mediterranean world have emerged that challenge earlier models. Influenced by today's hyper-connected age, scholars no longer perceive the Mediterranean as a static place where "Greco-Roman" culture was dominant, but rather see it as adynamic and connected sea where fragmentation and uncertainty, along with mobility and networking, were the norm. Hence, a current theoretical approach to studying ancient culture has been that of globalization. Certain eras of Mediterranean history (e.g., the Roman empire) known for their increased connectivity have thus been analyzed from a globalized perspective that examines rhizomal networking, cultural diversity, and multiple processes of social change. Archaeology has proven a useful discipline for investigating ancient "globalization" because of its recent focus on how identity is expressed through material culture negotiated between both local and global influences when levels of connectivity are altered. One form of identity that has been inadequately explored in relation to globalization theory is insularity. Insularity, or the socially recognized differences expressed by people living on islands, is a form of self-identification created within a particular space and time. Insularity, as a unique social identity affected by "global" forces, should be viewed as an important research paradigm for archaeologies concerned with re-examining cultural change.The purpose of this volume is to explore how comparative archaeologies of insularity can contribute to discourse on ancient Mediterranean "globalization." The volume's theme stems from a colloquium session that was chaired by the volume's co-editors at the Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America in January 2017. Given the current state of the field for globalization studies in Mediterranean archaeology, this volume aims to bring together for the first time archaeologists working ondifferent islands and a range of material culture types to examine diachronically how Mediterranean insularities changed during eras when connectivity increased, such as the Late Bronze Age, the era of Greek and Phoenician colonization, the Classical period, and during the High and Late Roman imperial eras. Each chapter aims to situate a specific island or island group within the context of the globalizing forces and networks that conditioned a particular period, and utilizes archaeological material toreveal how islanders shaped their insular identities, or notions of insularity, at the nexus of local and global influences.Table of ContentsPreface About the Authors Abstracts 1. Introduction Jody Michael Gordon and Anna Kouremenos 2. Nuragic Networking? Assessing Globalization and Glocalization in a Late Bronze Age Sardinian Context Anthony Russell 3. Mobility and Globalization: The View from the Bronze Age Cyclades Evi Gorogianni 4. Globalization Processes and Insularity on the Dalmatian Islands in the Late Iron Age Charles Barnett and Marina Ugarković 5. Apollo Archegetes as a Globalizing Divinity: Numismatic Iconography and the Memory of Sicilian Naxos Leigh Anne Lieberman 6. Balearic Indigeneity in a Global Mediterranean: Considering Circular Domestic Structures of Late Iron Age Menorca Alexander Smith 7. Fashioning a Global Goddess: The Representation of Isis across Hellenistic Seascapes Lindsey A. Mazurek 8. Globalization and Insularity in (Dis)Connected Crete Jane E. Francis 9. From the Land of the Paphian Aphrodite to the Busy Christian Countryside: Globalization, Empire, and Insularity in Early and Late Roman Cyprus Jody Michael Gordon and William R. Caraher Afterword P. Nick Kardulias Index

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Book SynopsisThis new volume in the Oasis Papers series marks the 40th anniversary of archaeological fieldwork in the Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt’s Western Desert under the leadership of Anthony J. Mills and presents a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge of the oasis and its interconnections with surrounding regions, especially the Nile Valley. The papers are by distinguished authorities in the field and postgraduate students who specialise in different aspects of Dakhleh and presents an almost complete survey of the archaeology of Dakhleh including much unpublished, original material. It will be one of the few to document a specific part of modern Egypt in such detail and thus should have a broad and lasting appeal. The content of some of the papers is unlikely to be published in any other form elsewhere. Dakhleh is possibly the most intensively examined wider geographic region within Egypt.Table of ContentsPreface and Dedication Conference Programme General: The North Kharga Oasis Darb ‘Ain Amur Survey: Past Research and Future Questions (Salima Ikram) Ladies, Sandals and Giraffes. Four Decades of Rock Art Research by the Dakhleh Oasis Project (Pawel L. Polkowski) The Dakhleh Oasis: A Micro-Cosmos Reflecting Environmental and Social Changes (Ursula Thanheiser) Prehistory: Pleistocene Geoarchaeological Surveys, Kharga Oasis Prehistory Project (KOPP), 2001–2011 plus others, Western Desert of Egypt (Maxine R. Kleindienst) The Holocene Prehistory of Dakhleh and Kharga Oases: the Masara and Bashendi Cultural Units (Mary M. A. McDonald) The Sheikh Muftah Cultural Unit: An Overview of Oasis/Desert Habitation during the 4th and 3rd Millennia with Comments on Future Research Directions (Ashten R. Warfe and Sarah M. Ricketts) Historical Periods: Bones of the Ancestors: 40 Years of Bioarchaeology in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt (Tosha L. Dupras, Peter G. Sheldrick, Lana J. Williams and Sandra M. Wheeler) Trauma in Dakhleh Oasis (Peter G. Sheldrick) Desert Deviations: Massaging Standard Writing Conventions in North Kharga’s Ancient Graffiti (Nikolaos Lazaridis) Seth in Hieratic and Demotic Sources from Dakhleh Oasis (Günter Vittmann) Dynastic: Seth on Rocks: Rock Art Imagery in Dakhleh Oasis of the Pharaonic Period (Pawel L. Polkowski) Mapping Evidence for Early Dynastic Activity in the Dakhleh Region (Caleb R. Hamilton) Happy Cattle Herders? The Case of the Sheikh Muftah Community at Balat, Dakhleh Oasis (Clara Jeuthe and Veerle Linseele) Forty Years Later: An Overview of the Excavations at Balat-‘Ain Aseel (Laure Pantalacci) An Overview of Old Kingdom Egyptian Interest and Activity in the Western Desert (Amy J. Pettman) The Late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period in the ‘Southern Oasis’ and the Theban Western Desert (John C. Darnell and Colleen Manassa Darnell) Egypt’s Western Oases during the New Kingdom (Richard J. Long) Egypt’s Western Oases during the Third Intermediate Period: An Overview (Richard J. Long) Dakhleh Oasis in the Late Period (Caroline Hubschmann) The Cemetery at ‘Ain Tirghi (Colin A. Hope) Note sur l’usage du mandrin pour le façonnage des céramiques Oasis de Dakhleh et de Kharga, Basse Époque, VIe–IVe s. av. J.-C. (Sylvie Marchand) Ptolemaic and Late Roman: Ptolemaic Dakhleh: An Overview of the Current State of Research (James C. R. Gill) A Note on the Roman Period Sites in Dakhleh Oasis (Colin A. Hope) The Bir al-Shaghala Necropolis: An Architectural Overview (Magdi Ibrahim and Sobhi Ashour) Tomb 6 at Bir al-Shaghala, Mut (Maher Bashendi Amin) Rock-cut Tombs in Eastern Dakhleh (Sabri Youssef Abd al-Rahman) Dining with the Gods in the Painted Residence at Kellis? (Helen Whitehouse) ‘Ain al-Sabil in Dakhleh Oasis (Kamel A. Bayoumy and Mahmoud M. Masoud) Christianity in Dakhleh Oasis: An Archaeological Overview (Gillian E. Bowen) Changes in Funerary Structures at Kharga from ‘Traditional’ to ‘Christian’ Tombs (Françoise Dunand) The Coptic and Syriac, Christian and Manichaean Texts recovered from Ismant al-Kharab: An Update on New Discoveries and Significant Research since First Publication (Iain Gardner) Contribution of the Textiles to the Study of the Site of Al-Deir, Kharga Oasis (Fleur Letellier-Willemin) Household Furnishing Textiles (Soft Furnishings) from Kellis (Rosanne Livingstone) The Church at Dayr al-Malak in Dakhleh Oasis (Gillian E. Bowen and Colin A. Hope) Islamic: Islamic Sites in Dakhleh Oasis (Colin A. Hope) The Qasr Dakhleh Project: An Overview (Fred Leemhuis) Observations on Some Ceramics and a Stone Vessel from the 2013 Field Season at al-Qasr (Paul Kucera) The Remarkable Case of Halima ‘Uthman: A Glance into her Daily Life (Anetta Lyzwa-Piber) Torpedoes from al-Qasaba: Ottoman Storage Jars along the Darb al-Tawil Caravan Route in Dakhleh Oasis (Egypt) (Heiko Riemer)

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Book SynopsisThe chronological disjuncture, LBK longhouses have widely been considered to provide ancestral influence for both rectangular and trapezoidal long barrows and cairns, but with the discovery and excavation of more houses in recent times is it possible to observe evidence of more contemporary inspiration. What do the features found beneath long mounds tell us about this and to what extent do they represent domestic structures. Indeed, how can we distinguish between domestic houses or halls and those that may have been constructed for ritual purposes or ended up beneath mounds? Do so called 'mortuary enclosures' reflect ritual or domestic architecture and did side ditches always provide material for a mound or for building construction? This collection of papers seeks to explore the interface between structures often considered to be those of the living with those for the dead.Trade ReviewThis electic collection of essays derives from a Neolithic Studies Group seminar held in 2018, and is informed by a wealth of new data. * British Archaeology *As a collection, these papers very forcefully stress the novelty, diversity and creative recombination that is involved in monument construction in the Neolithic ... Because of its thematic unity and the range of case studies, this is a volume that will enrich the bookshelf of any Neolithic scholar. * Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society *The strength of this volume lies in the way that these local, contingent histories are brought out so that the kind of principles to which Healy refers can be appreciated * Archaeological Journal *Table of ContentsForeword by Timothy Darvill and Kenneth Brophy Preface and acknowledgements by Alistair Barcklay, David Field and Jim Leary List of contributors 1. Schrödinger’s Cat: Houses for the living and the dead. Jim Leary, David Field and Alistair Barclay 2. Hypogea and the clubhouse: Neolithic Malta’s houses of the living and houses of the dead. Robert P. Barratt, Caroline Malone, T. Rowan McLaughlin and Eóin W. Parkinson 3. Houses of the living, houses of the dead: A view from the Polish lowlands. Joanna Pyzel 4. ‘Cicéron c’est Poincaré’. Dealing with geometry: Neolithic house plans and the earliest monuments. Philippe Chambon 5. The dead and the Linearbandkeramik longhouse. Penny Bickle 6. The long and short of it: Memory and practice in the Early Neolithic of Britain and Ireland. Alasdair Whittle 7. Measuring up: Longhouses, enclosures or mounds? Roy Loveday 8. Houses foundational: Gathering histories at Dorstone Hill, Herefordshire. Keith Ray and Julian Thomas 9. New work on long barrows in Lincolnshire. Denise Drury and Tim Allen 10. A dialogue with the dead? The relationship between an Early Neolithic rectangular timber building and a chambered tomb on Holy Island, Anglesey, north-west Wales. Jane Kenney 11. House of the living, house of the dead: An open and shut case from Ballyglass, Co. Mayo? Jessica Smyth 12. Shaky foundations: Romantic nationalism and the development of the ‘Irish model’ of Neolithic settlement. Andrew Whitefield 13. Structure, metaphor and funerary practices in Neolithic Scotland. Alison Sheridan 14. The state of play. Frances Healy

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Book SynopsisThe book delivers a history from below for the first half of Egyptian history covering the earliest settlements, state formation and the pyramid age. The focus is on the Wadjet province, about 350 km south of modern Cairo in Upper Egypt. Here archaeological records provide an especially rich dataset for the material culture of farmers. Histories of Ancient Egypt have focussed heavily on the kings, monuments and inscriptions, while the working population is hardly mentioned. The book investigates the life of people far from the centres of power. One main aim of the book is the interaction between farmers and the ruling classes at the centres of power and locally. How did decisions at the royal centre affect the life of ordinary people? The Introduction offers a critical survey of Egyptologists and their attitudes towards the working class. The social and cultural background of these researchers is analysed to assess how heavily they are influenced by time and their political and cultural background.The First chapter then describes the location and gives a history of previous research and excavations. The archaeological sites and the recorded ancient place names of the province are presented to provide a geographical framework for the book. The following chapters are arranged in chronological order, mainly according to the archaeological phases visible in the province. It appears that in phases of a weak central government, people in the provinces were much better off, while in phases of a strong central government burials of poorer people are almost absent. The reasons for this are discussed.A substantial part of the book comprises descriptions of single burials and the material culture in the province. The archaeology of the poorer people is the main focus. Burial customs and questions of production are discussed. For a fuller picture, evidence from other parts of Egypt is also taken into account. Thus settlement sites in other regions are presented to provide contemporary evidence for living conditions in particular periods.As the book will focus on the lower classes, the Tributary Mode of Production will be used as the main theoretical framework. The Tributary Mode of Production (previously known as the Asiatic Mode of Production) is a term that goes back to Karl Marx, but was mainly used in the 20th century to describe ancient societies whose economies were not based on slaves. A constant question will be the status of the working population. Were they slaves, serfs or free citizens? It will be argued that they were most often in a dependent position comparable to that of serfs, while there is little evidence for slavery. The numerous burials presented in the volume are important for highlighting the diversity of burials in the different periods. Many will be placed in special subchapters. Readers can skip these chapters when they prefer to concentrate on the main text.Trade ReviewIt is accessible, intellectually stimulating and highly relevant. There is no doubt that the people of the Cobra province in Egypt will provoke scholarly debate. This book is an important contribution to scholarly discourse on the social history of Ancient Egypt. * Antiquity *The book is highly readable, packed with information and references and written so that you can choose to read through the overarching historical narrative, delve into the details of individual burials in the province, or explore particular topics. * Ancient Egypt Magazine *All in all, the book succeeds in writing a social history of an ancient time and place, with attention to different views and theoretical frameworks, while laying bare the difficulties of just such an undertaking. It forms an important addition to those interested in the social, provincial, funerary and settlement archaeology of ancient Egypt. * nickyvandebeek.com blog *Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Setting and History of Research in Wadjet Province Chapter 2. Life without kings and the coming of the state (Predynastic and Early Dynastic Period) Chapter 3. Province as a source for manpower (Old Kingdom I) Chapter 4. Heyday in the province, decline at the Residence (Old Kingdom II) Chapter 5. Full centralisation: oriental despotism? (Middle Kingdom) Chapter 6. Central government evaporating (Second Intermediate Period) Appendix Bibliography

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Book SynopsisArchaeologists excavating burials often find that they are not the first to disturb the remains of the dead. Graves from many periods frequently show signs that others have been digging and have moved or taken away parts of the original funerary assemblage. Displaced bones and artefacts, traces of pits, and damage to tombs or coffins can all provide clues about post-burial activities.The last two decades have seen a rapid rise in interest in the study of post-depositional practices in graves, which has now developed into a new subfield within mortuary archaeology. This follows a long tradition of neglect, with disturbed graves previously regarded as interesting only to the degree they revealed evidence of the original funerary deposit.This book explores past human interactions with mortuary deposits, delving into the different ways graves and human remains were approached by people in the past and the reasons that led to such encounters. The primary focus of the volume is on cases of unexpected interference with individual graves soon after burial: re-encounters with human remains not anticipated by those who performed the funerary rites and constructed the tombs. However, a first step is always to distinguish these from natural and accidental processes, and methodological approaches are a major theme of discussion.Interactions with the remains of the dead are explored in eleven chapters ranging from the New Kingdom of Egypt to Viking Age Norway and from Bronze Age Slovakia to the ancient Maya. Each discusses cases of re-entries into graves, including desecration, tomb re-use, destruction of grave contents, as well as the removal of artefacts and human remains for reasons from material gain to commemoration, symbolic appropriation, ancestral rites, political chicanery, and retrieval of relics. The introduction presents many of the methodological issues which recur throughout the contributions, as this is a developing area with new approaches being applied to analyze post-depositional processes in graves.Trade ReviewThe volume is a must for all those with an interest in funerary archaeology: disturbed remains, previously largely ignored or viewed as insignificant, can be considered with fresh eyes – a paradigm has been shifted. * Current World Archaeology *This is an excellent reference and resource for advanced students and professional scholars interested in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. * CHOICE *Table of Contents1. The archaeology of post-depositional interactions with the dead. An introduction Edeltraud Aspöck, Alison Klevnäs and Nils Müller-Scheeßel 2. Unruly bones and efficacious stones. Materialities of death in Early Christian post-burial interactions in central eastern Sweden Fredrik Fahlander 3. Grave disturbance in early medieval Poland Leszek Gardeła 4. Disturbed relatives. Post-burial practices among the Nomadic Khazars of the Lower Volga (7th-8th centuries CE) Irina Shingiray 5. Things we knew about grave robbery: reassessing ideas on how and why graves were reopened in the Merovingian period Stephanie Zintl 6. Disturbance of early medieval graves in southwestern Gaul. Taphonomy, burial reopening and the reuse of graves Yves Gleize 7. What happened at Langeid? Understanding reopened graves after time has taken its toll Camilla C. Wenn 8. Iron Age ancestral bonds. Consecutive burials and manipulated graves in the Dürrnberg cemeteries (Austria) Holger Wendling 9. Disturbing the dead. Reopening of stone cists in the Macedonian Gevgelija and Valandovo plains Daniela Heilmann 10. In search of the modus operandi. Reopenings of Early Bronze Age burials at Fidvár near Vráble, southwest Slovakia Nils Müller-Scheeßel, Jozef Bátora, Julia Gresky, Samantha Reiter, Kerstin Stucky and Knut Rassmann 11. Disturbance of graves among the ancient Maya Estella Weiss-Krejci 12. ‘It was found that the thieves had violated them all’. Grave disturbance in Late New Kingdom Thebes David A. Aston

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume delves into the current state of Iron Age and Early Medieval research in the North. Over the last two decades of archaeological explorations, theoretical vanguards, and introduction of new methodological strategies, together with a growing amount of critical studies in archaeology taking their stance from a multidisciplinary perspective, have dramatically changed our understanding of Northern Iron Age societies. The profound effect of 6th century climatic events on social structures in Northern Europe, a reintegration of written sources and archaeological material, genetic and isotopic studies entirely reinterpreting previously excavated grave material, are but a few examples of such land winnings. The aim of this book is to provide an intense and cohesive focus on the characteristics of contemporary Iron Age research; explored under the subheadings of field and methodology, settlement and spatiality, text and translation, and interaction and impact. Gathering the work of leading, established researchers and field archaeologists based throughout northern Europe and in the frontline of this new emerging image, this volume provides a collective summary of our current understandings of the Iron Age and Early Medieval Era in the North. It also facilitates a renewed interaction between academia and the ever-growing field of infrastructural archaeology, by integrating cutting edge fieldwork and developing field methods in the corpus of Iron Age and Early Medieval studies. In this book, many hypotheses are pushed forward from their expected outcomes, and analytical work is not afraid of taking risks, thus advancing the field of Iron Age research, and also, hopefully, inspiring to a continued creation of new knowledge.Trade ReviewThis affordably priced catch-up on some exciting new work was a pleasure to read and review. The volume adopts a commendably interdisciplinarian approach, at its broadest combining two aspects of material culture, archaeology and text and, at a more micro-level, bringing together several sub-disciplines within archaeology. These fruitful combinations are directed towards exploring (and unsettling) the long-debated concept of centre–periphery. ... [I]t remains an excellent contribution to the field. * Medieval Archaeology *…consider new ways of understanding archaeological landscapes as they use works of art created by Poraj-Wilczynska to question conventional perspectives on landscape. * Antiquity *Table of ContentsIntroduction by Charlotta Hillerdal & Kristin Ilves Settlement and Spatiality 1.Marianne Hem Eriksen - Dream-houses of the Late Iron Age: The house and the self 2.Marte Spangen & Johan E. Arntzen - Sticky Structures and Opportunistic Builders. The Construction and Social Role of Longhouses in Northern Norway 3.Susanna Eklund & Anneli Sundkvist - The Tale of three Tuna Sites. A Classic scholarly problem enlightened by new archaeological material 4.Helena Hulth - Ultuna – a late Iron Age gateway to Uppsala 5.Anders Andren - A new central place in Southwest Scania? Field and Methodology 1.Elin Engström - In the archaeological house 2.Kristin Ilves & Kim Darmark - Striking a blow for the plough layer. Exploring diverging interpretations of a Late Iron Age site 3.Andreas Hennius & John Ljungkvist - Correlations and conflicts between 14C dates and find chronologies in a transition phase – exemplified by the Ottar's mound in Vendel 4.Daniel Löwenborg & Åsa Larsson - The Bright New (Digital) Future of the Past 5.Helena Victor – Sandby Borg – a frozen moment of the Migration Period Text and Translation 1.Bosse Gräslund - Beowulf. The Scandinavian background 2.Jhonny Therus - Rebooting the Gospel for a Germanic audience. A structural analysis of Heliand the Saxon Gospel, an acculturation poem from the 9th century 3.Anne-Sofie Gräslund - “Björn and Torkel they raised all these kumls” 4.Lotte Hedaeger - Knowledge systems of the past? Iconography, typology and change from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages 5.Alex Sandmark – Bog bodies: Iron Age law in the landscape Interaction and Impact 1.Jan-Henrik Fallgren - Settlement reduction or continuity? Reflections on the Early Medieval Åland 2.Charlotta Hillerdal - Negotiating narratives in a newly settled Norse landscape. An emic perspective on the reuse of ancient monuments in the Scottish Isles. 3.Neil Price and Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson - War music: martial funerals from the Viking-Age Scandinavian world 4.Olof Sundqvist - Female Cultic Leaders in Germanic and Ancient Scandinavian Sources 5.Svante Fisher - The Solidus from Slättäng

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades, there has been a new surge of interest in the history and legacies of the Silk Roads both within academic and public discourses. A field of Silk Roads Studies has come into its own. Consciously mirroring the temperament of its subject, the field has moved out of the narrow niches of particular disciplines to become a truly interdisciplinary endeavor. New research findings about the historical operations of the Silk Roads and interpretations of their legacies for the modern and contemporary world have broken down geographical and temporal divides that once demarcated the Silk Roads as primarily pre-modern and Old World-centered conduits of globalization. In light of these developments, the time is ripe to begin formulating a new definition of the contour of Silk Roads Studies and laying a new foundation for further work in this field. Silk Roads: From Local Realities to Global Narratives brings together leading scholars in multiple disciplines related to Silk Roads studies. It highlights the multiplicity of networks that constituted the Silk Roads, including land and maritime routes, and approaches the Silk Roads from Antiquity to China’s One Belt One Road Initiative from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas. This holistic approach to understanding ancient globalization, exchanges, transformations, and movements - and their continued relevance to the present - is in line with contemporary academic trends toward interdisciplinarity. Indeed, the Silk Roads is such an expansive topic that many approaches to its study must be included to represent accurately its many facets. The volume emphasizes exchange and transformation along the Silk Roads - moments of acculturation or hybridization that contributed to novel syncretic forms. It highlights the multiplicity of networks that constituted the Silk Roads, including land and maritime routes, and approaches to the Silk Roads from Antiquity to China’s One Belt One Road Initiative from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas.Trade ReviewThe papers range geographically across the overland and maritime Silk Routes, and chronologically from antiquity to contemporary issues around China’s One Belt One Road Initiative. As such, it is an amazing volume. * Current World Archaeology *Lerner and Shi argue that “the time is ripe to begin formulating a new definition of the contour of Silk Roads Studies and laying a new foundation for further work in this field” (p. 1); this interdisciplinary volume with its broad-ranging content is certainly a very good start. * Antiquity *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Contributors Introduction Section One: Acculturation and Hybridization 1. The “Birth” of the Silk Road Between Ecological Frontiers and Military Innovation Nicola Di Cosmo 2. Sogdians in Shanxi (386 CE-618 CE): Literary and Archeological Evidence Xiaoyan Qi 3. From Exotic Toys to Objects of Scientific Inquiry: A Special Way of Transmitting European Optical Knowledge in the Qing Dynasty Yunli Shi 4. The Karakorum Highway: Gateway of Empires, Religions, and Commerce Saba Samee Section Two: Understanding Spice Through Interdisciplinarity 5. A TRP Along the Silk Roads: How and Why We Detect and Use Spices Wayne Silver and Cecil J. Saunders 6. Silk Road Pharmacy: Debating Theriac and Defining the Natural World Monique O’Connell 7. Spice and Taste in the Culinary World of the Early Modern Mediterranean Eric Dursteler Section Three: Tradition as Continuity and Change 8. Devotional Prints and Practice: Woodcuts from the Library Cave at Dunhuang Bernadine Barnes 9. Dome of Heaven: From the Lantern Ceiling to the Chinese Wooden Dome Di Luo 10. “Malacca” – From Fabled Port to Muddy Lagoon: A Cautionary Tale of Ecological Disaster Margaret Sarkissian 11. Twenty-first Century Trading Routes in Mongolia: Changing Pastoral Soundscapes and Lifeways Jennifer Post 12. Erasing the Local, Celebrating the Local: Tracing the Contradictions of the Silk Road in Pakistan Chad Haines Section Four: Cultural Transactions 13. Arsacid Economic Activity on the Silk Road Touraj Daryaee 14. Pearls and Power: Chōla's Tribute Mission to the Northern Song Court within the Maritime Silk Road Trade Network James A. Anderson 15. “Flying Cash”: Credit Instruments on the Silk Roads Dan Du Section Five: Long-Distance Commodity Trade 16. The Case for Shipwrecked Indians in Germany Jeffrey D. Lerner 17. Samuel Shaw’s ‘Maritime Silk Road’ from American Independence towards Monopoly, 1784–1794 John A. Ruddiman

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Book SynopsisThe papers in Karia and the Dodekanese, Vol. I, focus on regional developments and interregional relations in western Asia Minor and the Dodekanese during the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period. Throughout antiquity, this region was a dynamic meeting place for eastern and western civilizations. Cultural achievements of exceptional and everlasting importance, including significant creations of ancient Greek literature, philosophy, art and architecture, originated in the coastal cities of western Anatolia and the adjoining Aegean islands.In the fourth century BC, the eastern cities experienced a new economic boom, and a revival of Archaic culture, sometimes termed ‘The Ionian Renaissance’, began. The cultural revival furthered rebuilding of old major works such as the Artemision at Ephesos, the embellishment of sanctuaries and a new royal architecture, such as the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos. The rich cultural revival was initially promoted by the satrapal family of the Hekatomnids in Karia and in particular by its most famous member, Maussollos, whose influence was not confined to Asia Minor, but included the Dodekanese islands Kos and Rhodos. Partly under the influence of the Karian satrapy, a number of cities were founded on a new common urban model in Rhodos, Halikarnassos, Priene, Knidos and Kos. When Alexander the Great conquered the satrapies in western Asia Minor in 334 BC, the culture initially promoted at the satrapal courts was carried on by gifted thinkers, poets and architects, preparing the way for Hellenistic cultural centres such as Alexandria.Trade ReviewThe diversity of approaches and evidence discussed is consistently stimulating, and the reader gains an insight into the range of projects and methodologies currently being applied to illuminate the entwinement of mainland Anatolia with the communities of the neighbouring islands. * Bryn Mawr Classical Review *

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Book SynopsisKaria and the Dodekanese, Vol. II, presents new research that highlights cultural interrelations and connectivity in the Southeast Aegean and western Asia Minor over a period of more than 700 years. Throughout antiquity, this region was a dynamic meeting place for eastern and western civilizations.Modern geographical limitations have been influential on both archaeological investigations and how we approach cultural relations in the region. Comprehensive and valuable research has been carried out on many individual sites in Karia and the Dodekanese, but the results have rarely been brought together in an attempt to paint a larger picture of the culture of this region. In antiquity, the sea did not constitute an obstacle to interaction between societies and cultures, but was an effective means of communication for the exchange of goods, sculptural styles, architectural form and embellishment, education, and ideas. It is clear that close relations existed between the Dodekanese and western Asia Minor during the Classical period (Vol. I), but these relations were evidently further strengthened under the shifting political influences of the Hellenistic kings, the Roman Empire, and the cosmopolitan late antique period. The contributions in this volume comprise investigations on urbanism, architectural form and embellishment, sculpture, pottery, and epigraphy.Trade ReviewThe diversity of approaches and evidence discussed is consistently stimulating, and the reader gains an insight into the range of projects and methodologies currently being applied to illuminate the entwinement of mainland Anatolia with the communities of the neighbouring islands. * Bryn Mawr Classical Review *

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Book SynopsisThe human body serves as a symbolic bridge between communities of the living and the divine. This is clearly evident in mythological stories that recount the creation of humans by deities within ancient and contemporaneous societies across a very broad geographical environment. In certain circumstances, parts of selected humans can become an ideal proxy for connecting with the supernatural, as demonstrated by the cult of human skulls in Near Eastern Neolithic communities, as well as the cult of relics of Christian saints from the early Christian era.To go deeper into this topic, this volume undertakes a cross-cultural investigation of the role played by both humans and human remains in creating forms of relationality with the divine in antiquity. This approach highlights how the human body can be envisioned as part of a broader materialisation of religious beliefs that is based on connecting different realms of materiality in the perception of the supernatural by communities of the living.Table of ContentsContributors 1. The Sacred Body: introduction Nicola Laneri 2. Materializing what matters. Ritualized bodies from a time before text Liv Nilsson Stutz 3. Inscribing bodies in Bronze Age Cyprus Louise Steel 4. Manufacturing relics: the social construction of the ‘sacred things’ Arianna Rotondo 5. You’re in or you’re out: the inclusion or exclusion of sacred royal bodies in the tomb of the 21st Dynasty High Priests of Amen Kathlyn Cooney 6. Materializing the ancestors: sacred body parts and fragments in the ancient Near East Melissa S. Cradic 7. Modified bodies: an interpretation of social identity embedded into bones Yilmaz Selim Erdal and Valentina D’Amico 8. Feeding the divine. Body concepts and human sacrifice among the Classic period Maya Vera Tiesler and Erik Velásquez García About the Material Religion in Antiquity (MaReA) series

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Book SynopsisThe first contacts between Greece, the Aegean and India are thought to have occurred at the beginning of the sixth century BC. There is now evidence of much earlier indirect connections, starting in the middle of the third millennium BC, but greatly diminishing after 1800 BC. These were initially between India with its Indus Civilisation (Meluḫḫa) and the Near East and then finally with the societies of the Early and Middle Bronze Age Aegean, with their slowly emerging palace-based economies and complex social structures. These connections point to a form of indirect or what might be called ‘trickle-down’ contact between the Aegean and India through objects, iconography and commodities, such as tin and lapis lazuli, that formed this contact.This book views the Aegean as part of a greater trade network, that includes commodities as well as more recently discovered objects, which accumulated added value as they fi rst built up a distinguished pedigree of ownership in the Near East and Syro-Palestine. It was the natural extension of trade between the Near East and India. In the Early to Late Bronze Ages, India was an important resource for valuable and indispensable commodities destined for the elites and developing technologies of much of the Old World.Finally, the period after the end of the Bronze Age to the time of Alexander the Great is examined and particularly after the sixth century, when Greeks were beginning to know about India. Within 200 years, India would be known to scholar and non-scholar alike, including those who witnessed the Persian invasions of Greece or who later became Macedonian and Greek foot soldiers marching east.Table of ContentsSummary The Author List of Table and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Prehistory: The Background The Harappan Civilisation Discovery The Decline of the Harappans Trade and Long Distance Exchange, Seafaring and Caravans Out of Meluḫḫa Farther Westwards The Harappans and Egypt Iconography Weights and Measures 2. Prehistory: The Evidence of Objects Pottery Kernoi Spiral Double Headed Pins Carnelian Beads Agate Seals and Beads Flat Disc Shaped Beads Other Beads Bronzes Pottery 3. Prehistory: The Evidence of Commodities The Role of Shortughai Organic Commodities Spices and Foodstuffs Wood Ivory Textiles Inorganic Commodities Lapis Lazuli: An Indian commodity Jade Gold: An Indian Commodity? Tin: Another Indian commodity 4. Prehistory: A Conclusion Earlier Work Summary of the Evidence 5. From the Iron Age to Alexander the Great The Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age Transition From the Sixth Century BC Greeks in Ancient Sanskrit Literature Early Geographers and Historians Religion and Philosophy Greeks, Macedonians and their Legacy in India Appendix 1. Indica of Ctesias of Cnidus Bibliography

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Book SynopsisA study of archaeology and the early Church in Greece is long overdue. So far, no book has been published in English that examines the growth of Christianity in southern Greece from New Testament times until the medieval period, taking into account both contemporary theological expertise and a detailed knowledge of the numerous and exciting current archaeological excavations. Situated between Israel and Italy, Greece is now yielding vital evidence of the development of early Christianity. Mainland Greece and its surrounding islands is a vast region, and I have chosen to focus on an area rich in early Christian remains, namely the region stretching from Athens southwards.The book examines evidence relating to Christianity in New Testament times, particularly through the writings of St Paul and early theologians, and juxtaposes these texts with recent and current excavations at Corinth, with its twin ports of Kenchreai and Lechaion, and its chief sanctuary beyond the city at Isthmia, where St Paul worked during the celebration of the pan-Hellenic Games. Much of the excavation at Lechaion has been carried out underwater by divers pioneering new methods of preserving submerged material, since most of the harbour is entirely submerged.Later, particularly from the sixth century onwards, Christian basilicas were built throughout Greece. A number of these are examined, including those at Nemea and Epidaurus. Nemea provides unique evidence of an agricultural community guided by a bishop; numerous Christian artefacts have been excavated at the site. Epidaurus was honoured as the birthplace of the healing god Asclepius, and early Christians inherited and developed these healing skills in unexpected ways. At other locations, monks developed a wide variety of lifestyles that were little known in the Western Church. The archaeology of Christian sites in Greece is a new and unfolding discipline; this book will hopefully encourage scholars and students to take these studies further.Trade ReviewThe most important findings from archaeological sources are compiled and analysed within their local situation … and local sources are interwoven with a range of texts from different times and places. Through this approach the ancient ruins are filled with life and the continuous rise of Christianity within a multi-religious world becomes recognisable. A well-written book, providing the lay reader with an accessible account of the development of Christian communities in the Eastern Peloponnese and Athens until the 12th century AD. * Current World Archaeology *This well-illustrated publication sets out to describe the archaeological evidence for early Christianity in the NE Peloponnese, Attica and parts of central Greece ... The book is very accessible and shares some interesting observations and engagement with a range of evidence and contemporary views … Overall, the book reveals the deep respect that the author has for understanding the archaeology of the period in its topographic contexts. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Phoebe of Kenchreai: a generous woman Chapter 2. Early Christian Kenchreai Chapter 3. Paul at Isthmia: running for a victor’s crown Chapter 4. Early Christian Corinth: a troubled community Chapter 5. Lechaion: a martyrs’ shrine Chapter 6. Two rural churches: Nemea and Sikyon Chapter 7. Athens: a daughter church of Corinth Chapter 8. Healing Gods: Asclepius and Christ

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Book SynopsisTrinacria, the ancient name for Sicily extending back to Homeric Greek, has understandably been the focus of decades of archaeological research. Recognising Sicily’s rich prehistory and pivotal role in the history of the Mediterranean, Sebastiano Tusa - professor, head of heritage agencies and councillor for Cultural Heritage for the Sicilian Region - promoted the exploration of the island’s heritage through international collaboration. His decades of fostering research initiatives not only produced rich archaeological results spanning the Palaeolithic to the modern era but brought scholars from a range of schools and disciplines to work together in Sicily. Through his efforts, uniquely productive methodological, theoretical and interpretative networks were created. Their impact extends far beyond Sicily and Italy.To highlight these networks and their results, the Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, the Swedish Institute in Rome, the Norwegian Institute in Rome, the British School at Rome and the Assessorato dei Beni Culturali of Sicily, with generous support from the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, assembled this anthology of papers. The aim is to present a selection of the work of and results from contemporary, multi-national research projects in Sicily.The collaboration between the Sicilian and international partners, often in an interdisciplinary framework, has generated important results and perspectives. The articles in this volume present research projects from throughout the island. The core of the articles is concerned with the Archaic through to the Roman period, but diachronic studies also trace lines back to the Stone Age and up to the contemporary era. A range of methods and sources are explored, thus creating an up-to-date volume that is a referential gateway to contemporary Sicilian archaeology.Trade ReviewI can only congratulate the organizers for a […] very beautifully printed volume. The work by foreign researchers in Sicily is very impressive and holds good hopes for the future, for a lively and successful archaeology * Opuscula *One must rejoice at the wide-ranging activities of so many international and cross-disciplinary collaborations, which have the potential to enhance significantly our knowledge of Sicily’s unique history and heritage. * Antiquity *Table of ContentsPreface (Valeria Li Vigni Tusa) List of contributors Introduction (Arja Karivieri, Peter Campbell, Kristian Göransson and Christopher Prescott) In memory of Sebastiano Tusa, 2 August 1952–10 March 2019 (Paola Pelagatti) 1. Topographical research and geophysical surveys at Naxos in Sicily 2012–2019 Maria Costanza Lentini, Jari Pakkanen and Apostolos Sarris 2. Francavilla di Sicilia: a Greek settlement in the hinterland of Naxos Kristian Göransson 3. The praedia Philippianorum: a late Roman estate at Gerace near Enna R. J. A. Wilson 4. Akrai, south-eastern Sicily: a multidisciplinary study on the impact of ancient humans on the natural landscape Roksana Chowaniec, Rafał Fetner, Girolamo Fiorentino, Anna Gręzak and Matilde Stella 5. The Marzamemi Maritime Heritage Project: from the seabed to the museum and beyond Justin Leidwanger, Elizabeth S. Greene, Leopoldo Repola and Fabrizio Sgroi 6. The Hellenistic house in motion: reflections on the CAP excavations at Morgantina (2014–2019) D. Alex Walthall 7. The Morgantina baths in their urban context Sandra K. Lucore 8. Sicily in the Iron Age and the concept of the Greek chora Johannes Bergemann with a contribution by Rebecca Diana Klug 9. The Himera Project of the University of Bern: a collaboration with the Parco Archeologico di Himera Elena Mango 10. Halaesa (Tusa, Messina): undertakings of the French Archaeological Mission, 2016–2019: the discovery of the theatre and problems in its excavation Michela Costanzi 11. The research project led by the University of Zurich on Monte Iato: the last 10 years Christoph Reusser 12. The gymnasion of Iaitas/Ietas discovered? New excavations in the eastern quarter on Monte Iato Martin Mohr 13. The Salemi Survey Project: the longue durée of interior western Sicily 1500 BC–AD 1500 Michael J. Kolb, Pierfrancesco Vecchio and Rossella Giglio 14. The ‘Archaeological Map of Lilybaeum’ Donatella Ebolese, Mauro Lo Brutto, Antonella Mandruzzato, Debora Oswald and Martina Seifert 15. Mapping cross-channel connections: the Arizona Sicily Project, preliminary report of the 2018 and 2019 seasons Emma Blake, Robert Schon and Rossella Giglio 16. The Battle of the Aegates Islands, 241 BC: mapping a naval encounter, 2005–2019 Sebastiano Tusa, Peter Campbell, Mateusz Polakowski, William M. Murray, Francesca Oliveri, Cecilia A. Buccellato, Adriana Fresina and Valeria Li Vigni 17. I.Sicily and Crossreads: a digital epigraphic corpus for ancient Sicily Jonathan R.W. Prag

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Book SynopsisClothing was an essential part of material culture in ancient societies both as a form of body protection and as house equipment. Besides a practical function, textiles played a crucial role in communicating various aspects of social and personal identity.Based largely on the analysis of textile tools, this book is intended to be the first systematic attempt at reconstructing textile culture in ancient Sicily. Textile implements represent the most abundant category of evidence for textile activity in Sicily and in this book they are used as a means to explore the social dynamics within cultural interactions in the final Bronze–Iron Age and Archaic Sicily.The book begins with an overview of the cultural complexity of communities in Sicily and the Aeolian islands, focusing on two crucial periods of Sicilian history, which are characterised by intense movements of peoples from the Italian peninsula and the establishment of Greek and Phoenician settlements. Through the investigation of textile tools, the book discusses several key aspects, including technological features of textile technology and production, knowledge transfer, networks of weavers, as well as the social significance of textile activity.By employing an interdisciplinary perspective, this book is important not only for textile specialists but also for scholars and students dealing with culturally hybrid frameworks of ancient Sicily and provides a springboard for future studies on textile culture and cultural interactions in the ancient world.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Maps List of Tables Abbreviations Introductory Framework Geographical, Chronological and Cultural framework Textile activity in Sicily: Sources and Evidence Textile tools in domestic and workshop contexts Textile tools in votive and sacred contexts Technology and production Tracing textile culture of Sicily Annex A: Analysis of textile tools in Sicily: the case studies Annex B: Analysis of textile tools from the Late-Final Bronze Age settlements at Lipari Annex C: Analysis of loom weights from the so-called Bothros of Aeolus- Lipari Annex D: Analysis of textile tools from Metapiccola (Lentini) Annex E: Analysis of textile tools from the FB-IA Cittadella hill (Morgantina) Annex F: Analysis of textile tools from the Archaic Cittadella hill (Morgantina) Annex G: Analysis of textile tools from the FB-IA settlement of Sabucina Annex H: Analysis of textile tools from the Archaic settlement of Sabucina Annex I: Analysis of textile tools from Himera Annex J: Analysis of textile tools from Monte Maranfusa Annex K: Analysis of textile tools from Monte Polizo Afterword Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe Brough of Birsay was the power-centre of the Viking earldom of Orkney and is one of Historic Environment Scotland’s key monuments and visitor attractions on the islands. This publication is the culmination of 60 years of investigations that took place on the site between 1954 and 2014.This new volume incorporates comprehensive accounts of work undertaken by Dr Ralegh Radford and Mr Stewart Cruden between 1954 and 1964, excavations by the Viking and Early Settlement Research Project under the direction of the author on site between 1974 and 1981, a rescue excavation in 1993, a geophysical survey in 2007 and archival research up to 2014.Specialist artefactual and palaeobiological studies of metallurgical material, ogham inscriptions and a gilt-bronze mount of Insular origin are included, together with re-analysis of the radiocarbon dates from all sites in Birsay Bay, and a re-assessment of the architecture and dating of the church and related buildings on the Brough itself.The final two chapters put the Brough, as both a Pictish power-centre and the hub of the Viking earldom, in the overall context of Birsay Bay and Viking and late Norse Orkney, and the wider world between the Pictish and late Norse/Medieval periods.As well as being the author’s third and final volume reporting on work for the Birsay Bay Project, this volume completes a trilogy of studies of the Brough itself, alongside Mrs Cecil Curle’s and Prof John Hunter’s earlier monographs.Table of ContentsList of illustrations List of tables Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Background and context for investigations 1946–2014 1. Background by Christopher D Morris 2. The Birsay Bay Project and the Brough of Birsay by Christopher D Morris Part II. Area I: The church and churchyard 3. Historical background to the 1950s–1960s investigations at the church, associated buildings and churchyard on the Brough of Birsay by C A Ralegh Radford 4. Investigations by Ralegh Radford and Stewart Cruden on the church compiled by Christopher D Morris 5. Investigations by Ralegh Radford and Stewart Cruden on the buildings north of the church compiled by Christopher D Morris 6. An architectural analysis of the church and related buildings on the Brough of Birsay by Richard Fawcett 7. The graves, churchyard enclosures and notable stone monuments compiled by Christopher D Morris 8. Reassessment of the ‘Celtic Enclosure’ in 1981 by Christopher D Morris Part III. Area II: The buildings east of the churchyard 9. Investigations by Radford and Cruden on the area to the east of the churchyard (‘The Viking House’) and excavations in ‘Room 5’ of the ‘Small buildings’ in 1973/4 10. Explorations in 1993 on the cliff-side to the south-east of the churchyard by Christopher D Morris Part IV. Area III: The buildings west of the churchyard 11. Investigations by Radford and Cruden on the buildings to the south-west of the churchyard by Christopher D Morris 12. Area excavations 1974–80 in and around Structure N by Christopher D Morris 13. Area excavations in 1974–5 in and around Structure L and trial excavations in 1977 on features around Structure M by Christopher D Morris 14. Area excavations in 1976–80 in and around Structure E to the west of the churchyardby Christopher D Morris 15. Area excavations in 1977–81 in and around Structures ‘S’ and B to the west and north-west of the churchyard and re-assessment of the dating of Structures F, P and R to the north 16. Specialist studies relating to Area III Part V. The south-western cliff-side area 17. Survey and trial investigations 1979 and re-assessment of the dating of Sites VIII and IXby Christopher D Morris 18. Investigations on the Peerie Brough 1979–81 by Christopher D Morris Part VI. Economy, landscape and analysis 19. The artefactual assemblage by Colleen E Batey 20. The biological assemblage by Christopher D Morris based on work by D James Rackham with others 21. Geophysical prospection 2007 on the Brough of Birsay by Susan Ovenden and David W Griffiths 22. Overall re-assessment of radiocarbon dates from Birsay by Zoe Outram 23. Birsay Bay landscape geophysical surveys, 2003–6 by David W Griffiths with Susan Ovenden Part VII. Drawing the threads together 24. The Brough of Birsay and Birsay Bay in retrospect by Christopher D Morris 25. An overview and final assessment by Christopher D Morris Appendices Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisMarkets emerge in recent historical research as important spheres of economic interaction in ancient societies. In the case of ancient Egypt, traditional models imagined an all-encompassing centralized, bureaucratic economy that left practically no place for market transactions, as many surviving documents only described the activities of the royal palace and of huge institutions, mainly temples. Yet scattered references in the sources reveal that markets and traders were crucial actors in the economic life of ancient Egypt. In this perspective, this volume aims to discuss the role of markets, traders and economic interaction (not necessarily organized through markets) and the use of "money" (metals, valuable commodities) in pre-modern societies, based on archaeological, anthropological and historical evidence. Furthermore, it intends to integrate different perspectives about the social organization of transactions and exchanges and the different forms taken by markets, from meeting places where exchanges operated under ritualized procedures and conventions, to markets in which profit-seeking activities were marginal in respect with other practices that stressed, on the contrary, community collaboration. The book also deals with social forms of pre-modern exchanges in which trust and ethnic solidarity guaranteed the validity of commercial operations in the absence of formal codes of laws or accepted authorities over long distances (trade diasporas, guilds, etc.). Finally, the volume analyzes a critical aspect of small-scale trade and markets, such as the commercialization of agricultural household production and its impact on the peasant economic strategies. In all, the book covers a diversity of topics in which recent research in the fields of economic sociology, archaeology, anthropology, economics and history proves invaluable in order to analyze the role of Egyptian trade in a broader perspective, as well as to suggest new venues of comparative research, theoretical reflection and dialogue between Egyptology and social sciences.Table of ContentsPreface by Gianluca Miniaci and Juan Carlos Moreno García 1. Markets and transactions in pre-modern societies Juan Carlos Moreno García 2. A key commodity: The role of cowries in West Africa Anne Haour 3. Marketplaces and market exchanges in the pre-colonial Americas Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas 4. The enchanting scale: Magic and morality in the Bronze Age economic balance Chris Monroe 5. Markets, efflorescence, and political economy in the Ancient Mediterranean and the Ancient Near East Reinhard Pirngruber 6. Peasants, rural economy, and cash crops in medieval Islam Bethany J. Walker 7. Markets in the shadows, trade diasporas, and self-organizing trading/smuggling networks John B. Owens 8. Market performance in the grain market of late medieval Western Europe (c. 1300–1650) Bas van Leeuwen and Robin C.M. Philips 9. Two tales of pre-modern contraction: Wage differentials in late medieval and early modern Japan Osamu Saito 10. Markets, transactions, and ancient Egypt: New venues for research in a comparative perspective Juan Carlos Moreno García

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Book SynopsisWinchester’s identity as a royal centre became well established between the ninth and twelfth centuries, closely tied to the significance of the religious communities who lived within and without the city walls. The reach of power of Winchester was felt throughout England and into the Continent through the relationships of the bishops, the power fluctuations of the Norman period, the pursuit of arts and history writing, the reach of the city’s saints, and more. The essays contained in this volume present early medieval Winchester not as a city alone, but a city emmeshed in wider political, social, and cultural movements and, in many cases, providing examples of authority and power that are representative of early medieval England as a whole.Trade Review[T]his volume is a stimulating and insightful collection. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsEditors' Preface List of Contributors List of Illustrations 1. Communities, Authority and Power in Winchester, c. 800–c. 1200 Katherine Weikert, Ryan Lavelle, and Simon Roffey 2. Capital Considerations: Winchester and the Birth of Urban Archaeology Martin Biddle 3. The King’s Stone: Peace, Power and the Highway in Early Medieval Winchester Alexander James Langlands 4. Royal Burial in Winchester: Context and Significance Barbara Yorke 5. Constructing Early Medieval Winchester: Historical Narratives and the Compilation of British Library Cotton Otho B.XI Sharon M. Rowley 6. Winchester, Æthelings and Clitones: The Political Significance of the City for Anglo-Saxon Royalty and Norman Nobility David McDermott 7. The Execution of Earl Waltheof: Public Space and Royal Authority at the Edge of Eleventh-Century Winchester Ryan Lavelle 8. Queen, the Countess and the Conflict: Winchester 1141 Katherine Weikert 9. Lantfred and Local Life at Winchester in the 960s and 970s Mark Atherton 10. Wælcyrian in the Water Meadows: Lantfred’s Furies Eric Lacey 11. SK27, Or A Winchester Pilgrim’s Tale Simon Roffey 12. The Early Jewish Community in Twelfth-Century Winchester: An Interdisciplinary View Toni Griffiths 13. Henry of Blois and an Archbishopric of Winchester: Medieval Rationale and Anglo-Saxon Sources Alexander R. Rumble 14. Swithun in the North: A Winchester Saint in Norway Karl Christian Alvestad

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Book SynopsisBefore the Military Revolution examines European Warfare in the Late Middle Ages from 1300 to 1490. It is not restricted only to well-covered conflicts, like the Anglo-Scottish Wars or the Hundred Years War, but gives due weight to all regions of Europe, including the Empire, the Baltic, the Balkans and the Mediterranean, and considers developments in naval warfare. The Hussite Wars and the wars of the Teutonic Order and the Hanseatic League are covered, as is the expansion of Moscow, the Ottomans and Venice, and battles likeAussig (1426), Copenhagen (1428), Chojnice (1454) are discussed alongside Bannockburn and Agincourt.This age witnesses fundamental change. The feudal system of the High Middle Ages crumbled everywhere in Europe due to climatic change, economic crisis and population decline. This triggered a fiscalisation of the military organisation, the establishment of taxes and representation of the estates. This book argues that these changes are the most fundamental ones in the military and political organisation in Europe until the rise of the constitutional state around 1800 and so comes closer to the original concept of a Military Revolution. It also takes a critical look at other often discussed developments of this age, like the Infantry and Artillery Revolution or the decline of cavalry. Combining a chronological and regional narrative with deeper analysis of themes like chivalry, strategy, economic warfare or military publications makes this book an indispensable read for everyone interested in late medieval history.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Medieval Warfare 1000-1300 2. War in Europe 1300-1400 3. War in Europe 1400-1450 4. War in Europe 1450-1490 5. Naval Warfare 6. Guns and Pikesquares: revolutions of medieval warfare? 7. A Revolution of Knowledge 8. From the feudal levy system to mercenary armies: A Social-Military Revolution 9. Military change and the development of the early modern state Conclusions

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Book SynopsisPresents a thematic collection of papers dealing with the Stone Age and Bronze Age archaeology of the Ionian Sea, situated off the south western Balkan peninsula. It is based on an international conference held in Athens, Greece in January 2020.The eastern Ionian occupies a geographically complex area, which since the Pleistocene has undergone significant alterations due to tectonic activity and sea-level fluctuations. This dynamic environment, where islands, mainland, and sea intertwined to present different landscapes and seascapes to the human communities exploring the region at different times in the past, provides an ideal setting for their study from a diachronic perspective.This book deals thematically with the processes of circulation of people, materials, artefacts and ideas by examining patterns of settlement, burial and multi-layered interconnections between the different communities via land and sea. It investigates aspects of regional and interregional communication, isolation, collective memory and the creation of distinct identities within and between different cultural and social groups. It focuses on the islands of the Central Ionian Sea, offering new data from excavations and surveys on Zakynthos, Kefalonia, Ithaki and the smaller islands of the Inner Ionian Archipelago between Lefkada and Akarnania. The cultural interchange between the islands and the continental coasts is reflected in the volume with the addition of chapters dealing with contemporary sites in west Greece and southeast Italy.The Ionian, often regarded as 'at the fringes' of the Aegean, the Balkan and the central Mediterranean archaeological discourse, has lately offered new and exciting data that not only enrich but also alter our perceptions of mobility, settlement and interaction. The collection of papers in this book enhances theoretical discussions by offering a geographically and culturally comparative approach, ranging from the earliest Palaeolithic evidence of human presence in the region to the end of the Bronze Age.Table of ContentsContributors Preface Introduction Part A. Island Archaeology Comparative perspectives in ‘island archaeology’: a view from the Ionian Sea Helen Dawson Part B. Prehistory 1. Lithics as diachronic proxies for the circulation of people and ideas in the dynamic Ionian landscape Christina Papoulia 2. Prehistoric settlement in the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago and its Ionian island connections Nena Galanidou, Maria Gatsi, Olympia Vikatou, Antonis Vasilakis, Catherine Morgan, Jeannette Forsén, Vivian Staikou, Christina Papoulia and Panagiotis Zervoudakis 3. Palaeolithic chipped stone industries from Zakynthos, Ionian islands, Greece. Interpreting the new evidence within the western Greek and Adriatic context Stefanos Ligkovanlis and Georgia Kourtessi-Philippakis 4. Beyond the horizon. Stone artefacts and social networks in Late Neolithic Drakaina Cave, Kefalonia island, western Greece Georgia Stratouli, Tasos Bekiaris and Vasilios Melfos 5. Evidence of settlements on Kefalonia during the Final Neolithic and the Early Helladic period Andreas Sotiriou 6. The communal ceramic traditions of prehistoric Ithaca Areti Pentedeka, Catherine Morgan and Andreas Sotiriou 7. The Early and Middle Bronze Age in the Ionian Sea. New evidence from Zakynthos Gert Jan Van Wijngaarden, Ayla Krijnen, Nienke Pieters and Corien Wiersma 8. Aitoloakarnania and the Ionian Sea in the Εarly Bronze Age: a history of interaction Venediktos Lanaras Part C. The Late Bronze Age 9. Islands in the stream: a maritime perspective of the south-central Ionian islands in the Late Bronze Age Christina Souyoudzoglou-Haywood 10. The palaeo-geographic development of Livadi Marsh, Paliki: implications for the detection of an ancient harbour and anthropogenic settlement Peter Styles, George Apostolopoulos, John R. Underhill, John Crawshaw, Olympia Vikatou and Eleni Papafloratou 11. The Archaeological Shoreline Research Project on the cultural semantics of coasts: the promontory of Kapros, southeast Kefalonia, in the Bronze Age Evyenia Yiannouli 12. Diverging trajectories within the west Mycenaean koine: the evidence from Kefalonia Odysseas Metaxas 13. Migrants, refugees and social restructuring in Late Helladic Kefalonia Ioannis Voskos 14. The nature of warfare in western Greece and the Ionian islands during the Late Bronze Age Thanasis J. Papadopoulos 15. The Ionian-Adriatic interface as a landscape of mobility Francesco Iacono and Riccardo Guglielmino Appendix: Continuity in the material culture of Kefalonia: from the Late Bronze Age to the historical period in Drakaina cave by Agathi Karadima

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Book SynopsisThe destruction and deposition of metalwork is a widely recognised phenomenon across Bronze Age Europe. Weapons were decommissioned and thrown into rivers; axes were fragmented and piled in hoards; and ornaments were crushed, contorted and placed in certain landscapes. Interpretation of this material is often considered in terms of whether such acts should be considered ritual offerings, or functional acts for storing, scrapping and recycling the metal. This book approaches this debate from a fresh perspective, by focusing on how the metalwork was destroyed and deposited as a means to understand the reasons behind the process.To achieve this, this study draws on experimental archaeology, as well as developing a framework for assessing what can be considered deliberate destruction. Understanding these processes not only helps us to recognise how destruction happened, but also gives us insights into the individuals involved in these practices. Through an examination of metalwork from south-west Britain, it is possible to observe the complexities involved at a localised level in the acts of destruction and deposition, as well as how they were linked to people and places. This case study is used to consider the social role of destruction and deposition more broadly in the Bronze Age, highlighting how it transformed over time and space.Trade Review[T]his will serve as a source of inspiration for further experimental work, but it will also become essential reading for anyone with an interest in the destruction and burial of Bronze Age metalwork. * Current Archaeology *Table of Contents1. Piece offerings: approaches to the destruction and deposition of Bronze Age metalwork 2. Making sense of the pieces 3. Burnt, broken and buried: the Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age, c. 2450-1500 BC 4. Selective destruction: the Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1150 BC 5. Mass Destruction and Minor Destruction: the Late Bronze Age-Earliest Iron Age c. 1150-600 BC 6. Destruction and deposition of metalwork in south-west Britain in its wider context 7. Final fragments - what do the pieces tell us?

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the introduction of Neolithic extraction practices across Europe through to the Atlantic periphery of Britain and Ireland. The key research questions are when and why were these practices adopted and what role did extraction sites play in Neolithic society.Neolithic mines and quarries have frequently been seen as fulfilling roles linked to the expansion of the Neolithic economy. However, this ignores the fact that many communities chose to selectively dig for certain types of stone in preference to others and why the products from these sites were generally deposited in special places such as wetlands. To address this question, 168 near-global ethnographic studies were analysed to identify common trends in traditional extraction practises to produce robust statistics about their motivations and material signatures. Repeated associations emerged between storied locations, the organisation of extraction practices, long-distance distribution of products, and the material evidence such activities left behind. This suggests that we can now probably identify mythologised/storied sites, seasonality, ritualised extraction, and the use-life of extraction site products.The ethnographic model was tested against data from 223 near-global archaeological extraction sites, which confirmed a similar patterning in both material records. It was used to analyse the social context of 79 Neolithic flint mine and 51 axe quarry excavations in Britain and Ireland and to review their European origins. The evidence that emerges confirms the pivotal role played by Neolithic extraction practices in European Neolithisation and that the interaction of indigenous foragers with migrant miners/farmers was fundamental to the adoption of the new agropastoral lifestyle.Table of ContentsList of figures and tables Author details Abstract French language abstract German language abstract Spanish language abstract Acknowledgements Foreword, by John Kelly 1. Setting the scene: the Mesolithic prelude and first contact Neolithic 2. The ethnography of lithic extraction 3. Ethnographic snapshots of traditional extraction practices 4. The archaeology of lithic extraction 5. An ethnoarchaeological analysis of Neolithic extraction sites in Britain and Ireland 6. The products: an ethnoarchaeological analysis of lithic objects from extraction sites 7. Neolithic extraction: a pan-European phenomenon 8. Neolithic stone extraction in Britain and Europe Bibliography Appendix: References to excavation reports and archives, listed alphabetically by site Index

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Book SynopsisMuch archaeological work is concerned with identifying gaps in our knowledge and developing strategies for addressing them; we perhaps spend less time thinking about how research should proceed when we already know, relatively speaking, quite a lot. ­The programme of dating causewayed enclosures in southern Britain that was published in 2011 as Gathering Time (Oxbow Books) gave us a new, more precise chronology for many individual sites as well as for enclosures as a whole, and as a consequence a far better sense of their significance and place in the story of the British Early Neolithic. Arguably, causewayed enclosures are now the best understood type of Neolithic monument. Yet work continues, and in the last few years new discoveries have been made, older excavations published and further work undertaken on well-known sites. Viewing this research within the new framework for these monuments allows us to assess where our understanding of enclosures has got to and where the focus of future research should lie.This volume originates from a Neolithic Studies Group meeting held in November 2019, which aimed firstly to showcase and explore the wide range of current work on causewayed enclosures and related sites, and secondly to assess what we still want to know about these sites in light of the monumental achievement of Gathering Time. ­The papers collected here comprise reports on recent development-led fieldwork, academic research and community projects, and the volume concludes with a reflection by the authors of Gathering Time.Table of Contents1. Introduction: marking place Jonathan Last 2. Interrogating the Third Dimension: enclosures and surface artefact distributions Joshua Pollard 3. Early Neolithic Tor Enclosures of South-Western England Simon R. Davies 4. Structural and Sequential Complexity in Causewayed Enclosures: implications from Dorstone Hill, Herefordshire Nick Overton, Keith Ray and Julian Thomas 5. A Demographic Perspective on Burial Practices at Early Neolithic Enclosures in South-East England Dawn Cansfield 6. The Freston Causewayed Enclosure, Suffolk: initial insight and hypothetical history Tristan Carter, Nathaniel Jackson, Rose Moir, Peter Allen, Helene Burningham, Daniel Contreras, Tim Schofield and Richard Tipping 7. Expanding the Neolithic of Hembury, East Devon F.M. Griffith and E.M. Wilkes 8. Come, Friendly Bones, Flint And Pots… Datchet’s Fit for the Neolithic Now: recent work at Riding Court Farm, Datchet John Powell 9. Gathering Time for Harlow Robin Webb 10. Butts Brow: Coombe Hill’s Counterpart? Initial excavations at an early Neolithic enclosure monument in Eastbourne Stephen Patton 11. Gathering Space Dave Durkin 12. Made In Hembury: an experimental reconstruction of the Hembury bowl Angie Wickenden 13. A Decade On: revised timings for causewayed enclosures in southern Britain Alasdair Whittle, Alex Bayliss and Frances Healy

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Book SynopsisFor over a century our knowledge of Egypt’s Western Desert during the Third Intermediate Period relied almost entirely on the Greater and Smaller Dakhleh Stelae. These two significant documents were purchased by Henry Lyons in 1894 in Dakhleh Oasis and indicated the existence of a substantial temple at Mut al-Kharab dedicated to the god Seth. Apart from these sources, very little information from the Western Desert could be dated to this period. Excavations at Mut al-Kharab began in 2000 and in recent years, evidence from the Third Intermediate Period temple has grown considerably. A range of artefacts has been unearthed, including decorated temple blocks, stelae, ostraka, in situ architectural remains, other small finds, and a large collection of well-dated ceramics. The scale of evidence suggests Mut al-Kharab was probably the most significant Third Intermediate Period site in the Western Desert.In light of this new material, a re-examination of activity in the Western Desert during this period has been possible. This volume presents all the available evidence relating to the western oases during the Third Intermediate Period, with a particular focus on the ceramics. Occupation appears to have been more widespread than the limited evidence previously suggested, and these oasis communities were closely connected to the populations in the Nile Valley. The Egyptian central administration continued to be interested in the Western Desert, although political control does not seem to have been consistent. Moreover, subtle yet distinct variations in the material record, including aspects of pottery traditions and religious practices, may reveal the existence of an oasis culture. As such, we are developing a much clearer picture of activity in this region.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction A. New fieldwork and new material B. The Third Intermediate Period C. Regionality 1.2 Theoretical and Methodological Approach 1.3 Chapter outline CHAPTER 2: EVIDENCE FROM THE NILE VALLEY AND DELTA 2.1 Textual Sources 2.2 Ceramics 2.3 Chapter summary CHAPTER 3: THE TEMPLE AT MUT AL-KHARAB 3.1 Description of the site 3.2 History and exploration of the site 3.3 The Dakhleh Stelae 3.4 Evidence from Monash University’s excavations A. Decorated temple blocksB. Ostraka from Trench 38BC. Small finds from Trench 38BD. Clay seal impressions 3.5 Chapter summary CHAPTER 4: THE THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD POTTERY FROM MUT AL-KHARAB 4.1 Overview of the material 4.2 Fabrics and wares 4.3 Presentation and discussion of the material 4.4 The Third Intermediate Period pottery deposits A. West of the Temple B. The dump 4.5 Chapter summary CHAPTER 5: CONTEXTUALISING MUT AL-KHARAB: THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIODACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THE WESTERN DESERT 5.1 Dakhleh Oasis 5.2 Kharga Oasis 5.3 Theban Desert Road Survey 5.4 Bahriyya Oasis 5.5 Chapter summary CHAPTER 6: TYPOLOGY OF THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD OASIS CERAMICS 6.1 Wheel-made containers 6.2 Wheel-made non-containers 6.3 Hand-made containers 6.4 Chapter summary CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS 7.1 The Temple of Seth at Mut al-Kharab 7.2 The extent and nature of Third Intermediate Period activity throughout the Western Desert 7.3 The Egyptian state and the western oases 7.4 Regionality – the existence of an oasis culture 7.5 Future directions BIBLIOGRAPHY FIGURES PLATES TABLES APPENDIX 1: The Third Intermediate Period pottery from Mut al-Kharab

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Book SynopsisThis memoir is not really about research questions or main conclusions. It tells the story of a boy growing up in Plymouth, Devon, getting excited about archaeology after visits to mainland Greece and Crete, trying to get into Greek archaeology and re-locating northwards into the Balkans, where he spent a career in prehistoric research. The chapters alternate between museum/university experiences and my major research projects. The experiences of working in that part of the world as the Third Balkan War was starting were dramatic and a history-style chapter is devoted to these beginnings.The Balkan prehistoric club in the west is a very small and select group so there is an intrinsic interest about how westerners did their archaeology there and how they interacted with local colleagues. There is also a sense of a ‘colonial relationship’ between westerners knowledgeable about theory and method, with well-stocked libraries and large research grants and easterners with little of the above. On a basic level, the memoir presents stories with implications for east - west relationships that will soon disappear from living memory. The ways that research projects originated and developed are strongly featured and there is a fund of anecdotes about prehistorians living and dead. The publication of this memoir records those fragments of the discipline’s history that are in danger of being lost forever. But my life story is not erased from this account, which is not an anthropological work but, rather, a participant account with a modicum of relevant personal details. The book providing the archaeological results is the publication Forging identities in the prehistory of Old Europe. Dividuals, individuals and communities 7000-3000 BC - a synthesis of academic research in Balkan prehistory. This memoir provides the insider story to the research results.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of figures List of plates Image credits Preface 1. Growing up 2. Undergraduate days 3. Postgraduate days 4. Museum intermezzo 5. Newcastle upon Tyne 6. The Neothermal Dalmatia Project 7. The background to the Third Balkan War of 1991–1995 8. The Upper Tisza Project 9. The fragmentation breakthrough and other broken stories 10. Working in the European Association of Archaeologists 11. Life in Durham 12. Research in the Balkans in the 2000s 13. The Ukrainian Trypillia Megasites Project 14. Looking back – looking forward Further reading

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Book SynopsisThis book is about two islands off the coast of Continental Europe, the seas that surrounded them, and the ways in which they were used over a period of three thousand years. Instead of the usual emphasis on finds in the intertidal zone, it focuses on parts of Britain and Ireland where traces of the prehistoric shoreline survive above sea level. It explores a series of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age sites which were investigated in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and have been largely forgotten. These places were very different from the Iron Age ports and harbours studied in recent years. How can we identify these special sites, and what are the best ways of interpreting them?The book considers the evidence for travel by sea between the settlement of the earliest farmers and the long distance movement of metalwork. It emphasises the distinctive archaeology of a series of coastal locations. Little of the information is familiar and some of the most useful evidence was recorded many years ago. It is supplemented by new studies of these places and the artefacts found there, as well as reconstructions of the prehistoric coastline. The book emphasises the important role of 'enclosed estuaries', which were both sheltered harbours and special places where artefacts were introduced by sea. Other items were made there and exchanged with local communities. It considers the role played by these places in the wider pattern of settlement and their relationship to major monuments. The book describes how the character of coastal sites changed in parallel with developments in maritime technology and trade.The main emphasis is on Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages uses of the seashore, but the archaeology of the Middle and Later Bronze Age provides a source of comparison.Trade ReviewThis thought-provoking book reimagines how we approach maritime archaeology - demonstrating that it is not solely for the adventurous diver, but can, and should, be practised from the comfort of dry land. * Current Archaeology *[A] thought-provoking book … full of interesting interpretations and worthwhile reflections that are of value to anyone considering the archaeology of our coastal zones. * Archaeology Ireland *Table of ContentsPrelims Part One The Sea, the Sea Chapter One Fluid Dynamics: a brief introduction Chapter Two Seas without ships Part Two Landing Places Chapter Three The riddle of the sands Chapter Four Comparisons and complications Part Three Ocean Terminals Chapter Five Long distance Chapter Six Coastal archaeology in perspective – a brief conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe Iron Age settlements excavated by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton lie within the rich later prehistoric landscape of the Northumberland coastal plain. This monograph presents the results of the excavation, specialist analyses and provides a key dataset upon which to discuss regionally and nationally important later prehistoric research themes. The excavations at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton offer two large-scale new datasets to compare within the corpus of enclosed Iron Age settlement sites across the region, allowing for an increased understanding of settlement patterns, architectural forms and farming practices. These include settlement development, longevity and tempo; the relationship between lowland and upland sites; settlement organisation and identity; roundhouse architecture and the impact of contact with the Roman world.At Morley Hill, work revealed two later Iron Age settlements defined by rectilinear enclosures surrounding groups of roundhouses with evidence for earlier phases of activity. The settlements at Morley Hill are comparable to many such distinctive settlements identified across the region and explored in recent years largely through developer-funded excavations. Lower Callerton represents a less explored form of extensive settlement with the excavation revealing evidence of earlier prehistoric activity overlain by a large Iron Age enclosure with over 53 structures, multiple sub-enclosures and boundaries. Comprehensive Bayesian modelling at Lower Callerton has provided a robust chronological framework indicating complex and continual settlement development from the middle Iron Age. The implications of this in terms of wider settlement development, tempo and longevity are explored. While the volume focuses on the Iron Age, the identification and influence of earlier prehistoric activity is also explored. The discussion is again enhanced by the programme of radiocarbon dating and isotopic analysis of cereal grains from Neolithic pits at Lower Callerton.Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Earlier prehistoric activity at Morley Hill and Lower Callerton 3. The Iron Age settlements at Morley Hill 4. The Iron Age settlements at Lower Callerton 5. Discussion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe College of St George at Windsor Castle was founded by Edward III in 1348 to support the newly created Order of the Garter, and to this day fulfils the same primary purpose. The domestic buildings provided for the Warden, Canons and Priest-Vicars – now the Deanery and Canons Cloister – are an astonishing survival: despite enlargement and alteration over the centuries, a significant amount of the mid-fourteenth-century fabric survives, though often hidden from view. A recent programme of refurbishment and conservation revealed much hitherto unknown evidence for the way the buildings were constructed, their fittings and decoration and their subsequent evolution. The author maintained a continuous ‘watching brief’ throughout the refurbishment works, the results of which are published here for the first time.The archaeological evidence is supplemented by the excellent survival of documentation, both for the initial construction of the buildings and their subsequent development: we know the precise date of each stage of construction, the cost and even the names of the workmen involved. The post-medieval history of the buildings is also highly significant, and for this period we have the benefit of knowing more about the deans and canons who influenced the ways their dwellings developed, and of a continued wealth of documentary evidence.Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgements The numbering of the houses of Canons’ Cloister List of abbreviations 1. The castle down to the reign of Henry III 2. The foundation of the College of St George 3. The construction of Canons’ Cloister 4. The Deanery from the 1350s to the Civil War 5. The evolution of Canons’ Cloister down to the Civil War 6. The Civil War to c. 1830 7. From 1830 to the present day

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Book SynopsisCyprus was a thriving and densely populated late antique province. Contrary to what used to be thought, the Arab raids of the mid-seventh century did not abruptly bring the island’s prosperity to an end. Recent research instead highlights long-lasting continuity in both urban and rural contexts. This volume brings together historians and archaeologists working on diverse aspects of Cyprus between the sixth and eighth centuries. They discuss topics as varied as rural prosperity, urban endurance, artisanal production, civic and private religion and maritime connectivity. The role of the imperial administration and of the Church is touched upon in several contributions. Other articles place Cyprus back into its wider Mediterranean context. Together, they produce a comprehensive impression of the quality of life on the island in the long late antiquity.Table of Contents1. Cyprus between the sixth and eighth centuries Panayiotis Panayides and Ine Jacobs 2. Archaeology and the making of a Cypriot Late Antiquity Marcus Rautman CYPRUS IN BETWEEN EMPIRES 3. Cypriot hagiography and the Long Late Antiquity Young Richard Kim 4. The Arab invasions of Cyprus in the middle of the seventh century: the chronographical and epigraphic evidence revisited Evangelos Chrysos 5. Contextualising the tax tribute paid by Cypriots during the treaty centuries Georgios Deligiannakis 6. The prosopography of the Cypriot archbishops during the Long Late Antiquity: a reappraisal of the evidence presented in Byzantine Lead Seals from Cyprus Olga Karagiorgou 7. Cyprus and its sisters: reassessing the role of large islands at the end of the Long Late Antiquity (ca. 600–ca. 800) Luca Zavagno URBAN AND RURAL PERSPECTIVES 8. Cypriot cities at the end of Antiquity Panayiotis Panayides 9. Kourion in the Long Late Antiquity: a reassessment Pamela Armstrong and Guy Sanders 10. Cypriot church architecture of the Long Late Antiquity Richard Maguire 11. Long Late Antiquity in the Chrysochou Valley William Caraher and R. Scott Moore 12. A boom-bust cycle in Cyprus at the end of Antiquity: landscape perspectives for settlement transformation Athanasios K. Vionis PRODUCTION AND OBJECTS IN USE 13. Local sculptural production in Cyprus at the end of Antiquity: a challenging dating? Doria Nicolaou 14. Fighting the demons and invoking the saints: prolegomenon to a study of Christian ritual texts in late antique Cyprus Paweł Nowakowski 15. Mining and smelting copper in Cyprus in Late Antiquity Vasiliki Kassianidou 16. The material culture of daily living in late antique Cyprus: a view from the metal collections of the Department of Antiquities Eftychia Zachariou-Kaila CONCLUSION 17. The ‘fuzzy’ world of Cypriot Long Late Antiquity: continuity and disruption betwixt the global and local Jody Michael Gordon INDEX

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Book SynopsisWriting does not begin and end with the encoding of an idea into a group of symbols. It is practised by people who have learnt its principles and acquired the tools and skills for doing it, in a particular context that affects what they do and how they do it. Nor are these practices static, as those involved exploit opportunities to adapt old features and develop new ones. The act of writing then has tangible and visible consequences not only for the writers but also for those encountering what has been produced, whether they can read its content or not – with potential for a wider social visibility that can in turn affect the success and longevity of the writing system itself.With a focus on the syllabic systems of the Bronze Age Aegean, this book attempts to bring together different perspectives to create an innovative interdisciplinary outlook on what is involved in writing: from structuralist views of writing as systems of signs with their linguistic values, to archaeological and anthropological approaches to writing as a socially grounded practice. The main chapters focus on the concepts of script adoption and adaptation; different methods of logographic writing; and the vitality of writing traditions, with repercussions for the modern world.Contexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems (CREWS) is a project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 677758), and based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Tables and Figures Introduction Cretan Hieroglyphic, Linear A and Linear B (and their Cypriot cousins) Chronology Theoretical perspectives and terminology 1: Exploring script adoption How do we know that Linear B adopted Linear A syllabographic sign values with little change? Can we use Linear B sign values or structural features to reconstruct Minoan phonology or other linguistic features? How should we understand the nature of the transition from Linear A to B? 2: Exploring logography Classifying signs in writing systems Linear B Linear A Cretan Hieroglyphic Understanding logography in the Bronze Age Aegean 3: Exploring vitality Cretan Hieroglyphic Linear A Linear B Syllabic writing in Cyprus Relationships between writing and language vitality The vitality of writing traditions Epilogue: writing for the future Bibliography

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Book SynopsisBetween 2018 and 2019, Cornwall Archaeological Unit undertook two projects at Mount’s Bay, Penwith. The first involved the excavation of a Bronze Age barrow and the second, environmental augur core sampling in Marazion Marsh. Both sites lie within an area of coastal hinterland, which has been subject to incursions by rising sea levels. Since the Mesolithic, an area of approximately 1 kilometre in extent between the current shoreline and St Michael’s Mount has been lost to gradually rising sea levels. With current climate change, this process is likely to occur at an increasing rate. Given their proximity, the opportunity was taken to draw the results from the two projects together along with all available existing environmental data from the area.For the first time, the results from all previous palaeoenvironmental projects in the Mount’s Bay area have been brought together. Evidence for coastal change and sea level rise is discussed and a model for the drowning landscape presented. In addition to modelling the loss of land and describing the environment over time, social responses including the wider context of the Bronze Age barrow and later Bronze Age metalwork deposition in the Mount’s Bay environs are considered. The effects of the gradual loss of land are discussed in terms of how change is perceived, its effects on community resilience, and the construction of social memory and narratives of place.The volume presents the potential for nationally significant environmental data to survive, which demonstrates the long-term effects of climate change and rising sea levels, and peoples’ responses to these over time.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Summary Section 1: Background Chapter 1: Introduction (Andy M. Jones) Section 2: Excavations at the Penzance Heliport barrow Chapter 2: Results from the 2018 fieldwork (Andy M. Jones, Anna Lawson-Jones & Michael J. Allen) Chapter 3: The pottery and worked stone (Henrietta Quinnell & Christina Tsoraki with petrographic comment by Roger Taylor) Chapter 4: The flint and pebbles (Anna Lawson-Jones) Chapter 5: The copper alloy ingot (Anna Tyacke with comment from Jens Andersen) Chapter 6: The palaeoenvironmental evidence (Michael J. Allen, with A.J. Clapham, C.T. Langdon & R.G. Scaife) Chapter 7: Results from radiocarbon dating of the Heliport (Michael J. Allen & Andy M. Jones) Section 3: Fieldwork at Marazion Marsh Chapter 8: Background and methodology (Michael J. Allen & Andy M. Jones) Chapter 9: The paleoenvironmental sequence from the core (Michael J. Allen, with N Cameron, A.J. Clapham & C.T. Langdon) Chapter 10: The changing environmental and land-use history of the Marsh environs (Michael J. Allen) Section 4: The environmental, economic and cultural setting of the Penzance and south Cornwall landscape: excavated sites and their wider landscape context Chapter 11: The submerging landscape from Prehistory into the Anthropocene (Michael J Allen) Chapter 12: A landscape of deposition (Andy M. Jones & Matthew G. Knight) Chapter 13: The Bronze Age engagements with a liminal space (Andy M. Jones) Chapter 14: The results from the project: Inhabiting a changing landscape (Andy M. Jones & Michael J. Allen) Chapter 15: A drowned landscape reimagined (Emma Smith) Appendices Appendix 1: The conservation of the copper alloy ingot fragment (Laura Ratcliffe- Warren) Appendix 2: The borehole logs (Michael J. Allen)

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Book SynopsisOver the last 30 years, the Connecticut Office of State Archaeology and the Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service have entered into a partnership employing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to the study of the state’s archaeology and history. As a result, many historical cemeteries and places of note in Connecticut have been investigated. The authors have selected 10 geophysical surveys, which have used GPR as a non-intrusive, non-destructive exploratory tool, that have elicited positive results in the search for unmarked burials, confirmation of marked burials and to authenticate areas of known historical events.This book narrates the stories of GPR studies at 10 historical sites in Connecticut, spanning the 17th to the 20th centuries. Each chapter investigates and highlights a ‘history mystery’ and differing aspects of our research, including the ‘lost’ grave of an African-American Revolutionary War veteran, the verification of French Revolutionary War military personnel in a mass grave, the detection of a below-ground hidden 19th-century family burial tomb, the discovery of hurriedly dug, unmarked burials associated with the 1918 influenza pandemic and the detection of the unknown location of a 1941 military plane crash site, among others.Professionally, the authors have over 40 years’ experience in GPR, soil science and archaeology. They bring their collective expertise to the reader in a scientific approach with a personal, story-telling touch. Each chapter delves into the history of the sites and the nature of the geophysical search (i.e., how the equipment was used) and the interpretation of the data in regard to solving a historical problem.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Ground-penetrating Radar and Archaeology Part I. Historical Cemeteries 2. Robinson Burying Ground (1814 Bomb Crater), Stonington 3. Old Norwichtown Burying Ground (French Soldiers), Norwich 4. Judea Cemetery, Washington 5. Stone-lined Tomb, North Burying Ground, Danbury Part II. Historical Places and Events 6. John Mason’s House, Palisado, Windsor 7. Barkhamsted Lighthouse Village, Barkhamsted 8. Battle of Essex (War of 1812) Riverfront, CT River Museum, Essex 9. A Pandemic Strikes, Old Farm Cemetery, Middletown 10. Second Lieutenant Eugene Bradley’s Plane Crash, Windsor Locks

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Book SynopsisBurial Mounds in Europe and Japan brings together specialists of the European Bronze and Iron Age and the Japanese Yayoi and Kofun periods for the first time to discuss burial mounds in a comparative context. The book aims to strengthen knowledge of Japanese archaeology in Europe and vice versa. The papers demonstrate many methodological and interpretive commonalities in the archaeology of burial mounds in Japan and Europe and provide a series of state-of-the-art case studies highlighting many different aspects of burial mound research in both regions. Topics addressed by both European and Japanese specialists include research histories, excavation methods, origins and development of graves with burial mounds, the relationship of burial mounds to settlements and landscape, and above all administrative power and ritual.Table of ContentsForeword ; Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan: An Introduction (Werner Steinhaus and Thomas Knopf) [Open Access: Download] ; Hallstatt Burial Mounds Then and Now: Excavations and Changing Images in the History of Research (Nils Müller-Scheeßel) ; Excavating the Mounded Tombs of the Kofun Period of the Japanese Archipelago: A History of Research and Methods (Tatsuo NAKAKUBO) ; Bronze Age Burial Mounds in Northern and Central Europe: Their Origins and the Development of Diversity in Time and Space (Frank Nikulka) ; Emergence and Development of Burial Mounds in the Yayoi Period (Hisashi NOJIMA) ; Princes, Chiefs or Big Men? Burial Mounds as Reflections of Social Structure in the Hallstatt Period (Wolfram Schier) ; Social Stratification and the Formation of Mounded Tombs in the Kofun Period of Protohistoric Japan (Ken’ichi SASAKI) ; Burial Mound/Landscape-Relations. Approaches Put forward by European Prehistoric Archaeology (Ariane Ballmer) ; Mounded Tomb Building during the Kofun Period: Location and Landscape (Akira SEIKE) ; Burial Mounds and Settlements. Their Relations in the Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène-Period (6th–4th century BC) (Ines Balzer) ; The Relationship between Mounded Tombs, Settlements, and Residences in the Kofun Period: Reflecting Social Changes? (Takehiko MATSUGI) ; Aspects of Early Iron in Central Europe (Manfred K. H. Eggert) ; Iron and its Relation to Mounded Tombs on the Japanese Islands (Hisashi NOJIMA) ; The Development of Metalworking and the Formation of Political Power in the Japanese Archipelago (Takehiko MATSUGI) ; Monuments for the Living and the Dead: Early Celtic Burial Mounds and Central Places of the Heuneburg Region (Dirk Krausse and Leif Hansen) ; Mounded Tombs of the Kofun Period: Monuments of Administration and Expressions of Power Relationships (Shin’ya FUKUNAGA) ; Burial Mounds in Broader Perspective. Visibility, Ritual and Power (Chris Scarre) ; An Introduction to the Yukinoyama Mounded Tomb (Naoya UEDA) ; The Significance of the Nonaka Mounded Tomb (Joseph Ryan) ;

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Book Synopsis‘Bridging the Gap in Maritime Archaeology: Working with Professional and Public Communities’ marks the publication of a conference session held at CIfA 2014. The session was organised by the Marine Archaeology Special Interest Group which is a voluntary group of CIfA Archaeologists which exists to promote greater understanding of marine archaeology within the wider archaeological community. The session focused on ways in which it is possible, given the obvious constraints of working in the marine environment, to engage with a wider audience in the course of maritime archaeological work. The volume presents a series of case studies exhibiting best practice with regard to individual maritime projects and examples of outreach to local communities, including the creation of accessibility to remote and hard-to-reach archaeological sites.Table of ContentsForeword; Creating Maritime Archaeology Research Communities – by Katy Bell; Archaeological Skills in a Commercial Marine Environment: What marine archaeologists need to succeed in a development-led context – by Andrea T. Hamel and Toby Gane; Experience is Everything: England’s Protected Wreck Diver Trails – by Mark Beattie-Edwards; Not Necessarily between a Rock and a Hard Place: English Heritage, Tyneside BSAC and Wessex Archaeology working together at the Gun Rocks wreck – by Peta Knott; A Maritime Archaeological Case Study on the Understanding and Appreciation of Heritage – by Paola Palma; Bamburgh Wreck: Opportunity in the intertidal zone – by Jessica Berry, Kevin Stratford and Steve Brown; Scottish Island Dwellings: Combining research, fieldwork and local knowledge – by Robert Lenfert; Deriving Archaeological Information from Potentially-Polluting Wrecks – by A. Liddell and M. Skelhorn; Protected Wrecks – Community Archaeology in Action – by Terence Newman; Building a Community-Based Platform for Underwater Archaeology: MaritimeArchaeology.com and a Web 2.0 solution for public outreach and research collaborations – by Peter B. Campbell; Developing Maritime Archaeology Education and Outreach in the Balkans – by Peter B. Campbell, Derek M. Smith, Jeffrey G. Royal, Christopher T. Begley, Petra Zdravkovic, Derek Irwin; Conclusion – by Katy Bell on behalf of MASIG

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Book SynopsisThe Australian South Sea Islander (ASSI) minority community has a contested indentured labour background and involvement in the Australian sugar cane industry which has resulted in a consequent paucity of material culture and other records. This paucity, in a sense, forms a substantive part of The Secret Life of Memorials: Through the Memory Lens of the Australian South Sea Islanders as it is argued that memory places, rather than static artefactual stand-ins for the past, are dynamic material culture which have agency and relevance in the present, participating in the on-going post-colonial process. Although a material culture study focused on the materialised expression of memory, this research allows discussion beyond typologies, styles and categories to consider the relational meaning and distributed agency of these objects within the complex network of public memory. In addition to considerations of their symbolic, mnemonic or representational reflections of the past, contemporary memorials are discussed as extensions of the original ASSI event to which they refer, a part of a continuous process that is helping to shape current communities. This encompassing approach, from historical experience to present day memory enactment strategies, employs a variety of theoretical arguments, contributing a new method for comprehending and including the many interleaving aspects of memory spaces, of interest to heritage professionals, local councils and governing bodies, and members of the general public.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 3: Theoretical Concepts - Liminal Spaces Chapter 2: Research Context - Literatures Chapter 4: The Memory Practices - Material Constructs Chapter 5: Embedded Memory - Language Based Chapter 6: Entangled Memory - Cognitive Meaning Chapter 7: Interactive Memory - Philosophical Constructs Chapter 8: Networked Memory Chapter 9: Conclusion Appendix 1: Legislation Appendix 2: Australian South Sea Islander Organisations Appendix 3: Visitor Centre Email Template Appendix 4: Extended Detail Data Base Appendix 5: QHR Original Record for SSI Sugar Wagon Trail Yeppoon References

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Book SynopsisFlakes, and small flakes in particular, are usually seen as by-products or debris of the knapping process, rather than as desired end-products with a specific potential use. In recent years, this particular category of small tools has attracted increasing interest among researchers, especially when focusing on technological aspects in Lower Palaeolithic contexts, while the functional role of these tools is still poorly investigated. ‘Understanding Lithic Recycling at the Late Lower Palaeolithic Qesem Cave, Israel: A functional and chemical investigation of small flakes’ examines Late Lower Palaeolithic Qesem Cave, Israel, where a particular lithic trajectory directed towards the production of small flakes by means of recycling and exploiting old discarded flakes as cores has been recognised. The high density of this production throughout the stratigraphic sequence of the cave demonstrates that this was a conscious and planned technological choice aimed at providing small and sharp items to meet specific functional behaviours, and that this lithic behaviour persisted for some 200 kyr of human use of the cave. The exceptional conservation of use-wear signs and residues has made it possible to reconstruct the functional role of this specific production system, highlighting its specialised nature mostly related to the processing of the animal carcasses through accurate and careful actions and in a very specific way. The application of functional analysis based on the determination of wear on artefacts by means of optical light microscope, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis (FTIR and EDX), provides a useful and effective approach for understanding the adaptive strategies of the Qesem Cave hominins while facing various situations and solving different needs.Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURES; LIST OF TABLES; PREFACE; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES; 3. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT: QESEM CAVE AND THE LOWER PALAEOLITHIC IN THE LEVANT; 4. THE RECYCLING PHENOMENON AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS AT QESEM CAVE; 5. THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME; 6. POST DEPOSITIONAL SURFACE MODIFICATION (PDSM); 7. THE FUNCTIONAL AND RESIDUE ANALYSES OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL; 8. DISCUSSION; 9. CONCLUSION; BIBLIOGRAPHY; APPENDIX A; APPENDIX B; APPENDIX C

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Book SynopsisThe type of monumental tomb that developed in Macedonia in the late Classical period was undoubtedly the most impressive of all the Greek funerary complexes. It was a burial chamber with a vestibule, built of stone blocks, vaulted and furnished with an architectural facade, concealed under a large tumulus rising above the ground. The concept of the Macedonian sepulcher, which the Macedonians and Greeks settling in Alexandria ad Aegyptum, the city founded by Alexander the Great on the Egyptian coast, brought with them, influenced the structural form of the underground tombs that were developed in the new city. ‘Macedonia–Alexandria’ explores the scope of this influence, comparing in synthetic form the structural elements of the cist graves, chamber and rock-cut tombs of Macedonia with the Alexandrian hypogea, while taking into account the different geographical factors that conditioned them. This is followed by a presentation of the facade and interior decoration, and a discussion of the themes of wall painting inside the tombs and a characteristic of the surviving tomb furnishings. The Macedonian tomb reflects in its form Greek eschatological beliefs ingrained in the mystery religions and the social ideology of the Macedonian kingdom. The assimilation of these beliefs is seen in the architectural arrangements, the vestibule and chamber plan, the facade (in Macedonia) or courtyard (in Alexandria), the structural and architectural interior decoration, and the furniture found in the chamber. These elements refer to palace architecture and determine the symbolic function of the tomb. The cult of the dead aspect is emphasized by wall painting iconography, the form of burial and the nature of the grave goods accompanying the deceased. In Alexandria, the role of rituals celebrated in the family tombs is attested by the declining size of burial chambers in favour of the vestibules and by the introduction of an open courtyard as well as the presence of altars. With regard to the ideology behind the Alexandrian complexes, the author explores the issue of the coexistence and the popularity of Egyptian beliefs adopted into Alexandrian sepulchral art, emphasizing the differences in the perception of the role of the tomb in the Macedonian and Egyptian consciousness.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Chapter I Historical outline; Chapter II Types of funerary complexes from the territory of Macedonia ; Chapter III Types of funerary complexes in Alexandria ; Chapter IV Symbolism of the architectural forms, painted decoration and interior furnishings of tombs from Macedonia ; Chapter V Symbolism of the architectural forms, painted decoration and interior furnishings of tombs from Alexandria ; Summary; Bibliography ; Index of localities and tombs; Topical index

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Book SynopsisThe main objective of this book has been to open a line of research into the religious population of the city of Jerez de la Frontera, in southern Spain, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – the ‘Modern Age’ - which until now has not been thoroughly investigated. The research focusses on the archaeological and paleopathological remains of the religious population. The archaeological excavations were supported with the existing archival material, and enabled the first assessment of Jerez society to be carried out, including a whole series of elements that have not been studied thus far, such as the causes of death and disease suffered by the people of the city. To this end, a study was carried out examining the pathologies found in the skeletal remains housed at the municipal archaeological museum of Jerez de la Frontera, which originated mainly from epidemic burials. El principal objetivo de este libro ha sido abrir una línea de investigación hasta ahora inédita en la ciudad de Jerez de la Frontera, en el sur de España, la cual es el estudio social a través de los restos arqueológicos y paleopatológicos de la población religiosa en la ciudad durante la Edad Moderna, y más concretamente los siglos XVI y XVII. En base a las intervenciones arqueológicas realizadas y con el apoyo del material de archivo existente hemos podido llevar a cabo una primera valoración de la sociedad jerezana con toda una serie de elementos hasta ahora no estudiados, como son las causas de muerte y enfermedades sufridas por los habitantes de la ciudad. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio con las patologías halladas en los restos óseos de los depósitos del museo arqueológico municipal de Jerez de la Frontera, y que fueron hallados principalmente en enterramientos epidémicos. Igualmente se ha podido exponer un principio de localización de las zonas usadas como lugares inhumación y su posterior uso tras el cambio en las costumbres funerarias a principios del siglo XIX, con lo que se ha realizado una visión de la influencia en el ámbito del nuevo urbanismo de la ciudad.Table of ContentsCAPÍTULO I: INTRODUCCIÓN; CAPÍTULO II: OBJETIVO Y JUSTIFICACIÓN; CAPÍTULO IV: HISTORIA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN; CAPÍTULO V: EL MARCO HISTÓRICO; CAPÍTULO VI: DOCUMENTACIÓN DE ARCHIVO; CAPÍTULO VII: DOCUMENTACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA; CAPÍTULO VIII: SEXO; CAPÍTULO IX: EDAD; CAPÍTULO X: ALTURA; CAPÍTULO XI: ENFERMEDADES CONGÉNITAS; CAPÍTULO XII: ENFERMEDADES METABÓLICAS; CAPÍTULO XIII: PROCESOS ARTRÓSICOS; CAPÍTULO XIV: PATOLOGÍA TRAUMÁTICA; CAPÍTULO XV: PATOLOGÍA INFECCIOSA; CAPÍTULO XVI: MARCADORES DE ESTRÉS OCUPACIONAL; CAPÍTULO XVII: PATOLOGÍA ORAL Y ODONTOESTOMACAL; CAPÍTULO XVIII: EPIDEMIOLOGÍA EN JEREZ; CAPÍTULO XIX: CONCLUSIONES; BIBLIOGRAFÍA ; ANEXO I: PROYECTO DE ESTUDIO DE MATERIALES SOLICITADO A LA DELEGACIÓN DE CULTURA EN CÁDIZ; ANEXO II: FICHAS PALEOPATOLÓGICAS DEL ESTUDIO DE MATERIALES ÓSEOS.; ANEXO III: RELACIÓN DE INHUMACIONES Y EXHUMACIONES REALIZADAS POR LA HERMANDAD DE LA SANTA CARIDAD DE JEREZ ENTRE 1640 Y 1645

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