Animal husbandry Books

Book SynopsisNow in paperback, Marina Marchese's inspirational and practical story of learning to raise honeybees and creating a life she loves '[An] engaging, delightfully informative work?' ?Publishers Weekly 'Marchese has given us a lovely gift. Honeybee is an entertaining and useful primer for the novice and honeybee devotee alike.' ?Washington Times 'Surpassing the predictable 'how I changed careers' memoir of finding the good life, Marchese's informative guide is packed with facts about everything from pollination to harvesting, life cycles to historical lore, nutritional benefits to gourmet flavor combinations, medical applications to unusual varieties.' ?BooklistIn 1999, Marina Marchese fell in love with bees during a tour of a neighbor's honeybee hives. She quit her job, acquired her own bees, built her own hives, harvested honey, earned a certificate in apitherapy, studied wine tasting in order to transfer those skills to honey tasting, and eventually opened her own honey business. Today, Red Bee? Honey sells artisanal honey and honey-related products to shops and restaurants all over the country. More than an inspiring story of one woman's transformative relationship with honeybees (some of nature's most fascinating creatures), Honeybee is also bursting with information about all aspects of bees, beekeeping, and honey?including life inside the hive; the role of the queen, workers, and drones; pollination and its importance to sustaining all life; the culinary pleasures of honey; hiving and keeping honeybees; the ancient practice of apitherapy, or healing with honey, pollen, and bee venom; and much more. Recipes for food and personal care products appear throughout. Also included is an excellent, one-of-a-kind appendix that lists 75 different honey varietals, with information on provenance, tasting notes, and food-and-wine pairings.

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Book SynopsisTurkeys are an excellent source of succulent meat, rich eggs, and nutrient-dense manure, and raising them is a rewarding and profitable activity for many farmers. With helpful tips on acquiring organic certification, processing both meat and eggs, and marketing your products, you’ll have all the information you need to successfully raise your own healthy and productive turkeys.

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Book SynopsisMosquitoes transmit many of the pathogens that cause zoonotic diseases from wildlife and livestock to people, with devasting consequences for public health. The factors affecting the ecology and evolution of the transmission dynamics of these mosquito-borne pathogens can be revealed using multidisciplinary research approaches. This 7th volume of the ECVD series focuses on the ecological factors that determine the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne pathogens naturally circulating between animals of different taxa and their importance for human health. The authors revise the current knowledge on the pathogens that affect wildlife, including those maintained in captivity, as well as the use of cutting-edge techniques for the identification of potential vectors of these pathogens. In addition, this volume explores the role of factors related to global change, including changes in landscape use, deforestation and urbanization, as major drivers of the distribution of mosquito vectors and the dynamics of pathogen transmission. Finally, updated information on the approaches used to identify and control mosquito-borne diseases is presented, with a particular focus on those affecting humans. In summary, this book provides an updated review of the different mosquito-borne pathogens affecting animals and their public health relevance.Table of ContentsContents Ecology and control of vector borne diseases Dedication Notes on Editors Contributors Introduction  Jan E. Conn, Maria Anice Mureb Sallum and Kimberly M. Fornace Part 1: Impacts of environmental change on VBD ecology 1 Landscape ecology and vector-borne diseases in the Amazon  Paula R. Prist and Gabriel Zorello Laporta 2 The emerging epidemiology and changing landscape of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Venezuela  Maria E. Grillet, Jorge E. Moreno, Alberto Paníz-Mondolfi and Juan C. Navarro 3 Malaria in the Amazon Basin: how climate change and natural disasters create new challenges for an old disease  Leonardo Suveges Moreira Chaves, Tatiane Moraes de Sousa, Luiz Carlos Ferreira Penha and Sandra S. Hacon 4 Relationship between environmental factors and arboviruses in urban areas  Thiago Salomão de Azevedo and Rafael Piovezan Part 2: Coupled human and natural systems 5 A conceptual framework for understanding extractive settlements and disease: demography, environment, and epidemiology  Natasha Glendening, Werissaw Haileselassie and Daniel M. Parker 6 The economic impacts of malaria: past, present, and future  Nikolas Kuschnig and Lukas Vashold 7 Mapping patchy malaria: the role of drone technologies in depicting particular environments and contingent risk  Jacob Brockmann and Dalia Iskander 8 Vector control and surveillance under lockdown: COVID-19 and future pandemics  Jose del Rosario Loaiza Rodríguez, Gillian Eastwood and Luis F. Chaves Sanabria 9 Agriculture and health: mitigating risks and optimising benefits  Isabel Byrne and Kallista Chan Part 3: VBD surveillance and control in changing environments 10 Modelling the effects of climate and climate change on transmission of vector-borne disease  Marta S. Shocket, Jamie M. Caldwell, Paul J. Huxley, Catherine A. Lippi, Francis A. Windram and Alexander C. Keyel 11 Leveraging earth observation data for surveillance of vector-borne diseases in changing environments  Kimberly M. Fornace, Emilia Johnson, Marta Moreno, Andy Hardy and Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar 12 Early warning systems for vector-borne diseases: engagement, methods and implementation  Emilie Finch, Martin Lotto Batista, Tilly Alcayna, Sophie A. Lee, Isabel K. Fletcher and Rachel Lowe 13 Impacts of climate change on malaria vector control in Africa  Heather M. Ferguson and Nicodem J. Govella Conclusions  Kimberly Fornace, Leonardo Suveges Chaves, Maria Anice Sallum and Jan Conn Index

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Book SynopsisPork is the most widely produced meat in the world. To cover the demands of a fast growing population, new scientific knowledge in genetics, physiology and nutrition is generated, which contributes in a general increase of production performance. Production systems can be improved by constructing models which help to optimise use of the means of production and intensify production. In some regions where production intensity is high, concerns about environmental pollution are increasingly becoming a limiting factor. Consumers, and with them the retailer organisations, are voicing serious concerns about the production systems and especially the use of feed additives.In the context of the above, the question of the quality of pork becomes a relevant issue. A general view can only be obtained by taking all factors into consideration.The diverse aspects of pork quality were covered in the session on "Quality of Meat and Fat as Affected by Genetics and Nutrition" at the 50th annual meeting of the EAAP in Zurich. This publication presents the review presentations which give an overview from the different perspectives of meat quality and it's use in human nutrition: genetics, physiology, animal nutrition, meat consumption and human health and consumer concerns. In addition, 38 short communications provide up-to-date knowledge on the subject of quality from a European perspective.

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Book SynopsisA considerable number of pre-harvest factors jeopardise the safety of foods of animal origin. These include factors related to the food animal environment (industrial activity in the immediate production surroundings leading to microbiological or chemical contamination), epidemiological factors resulting from intrinsic characteristics of classical and emerging microorganisms, an increasing degree of chemical pollution, husbandry / harvesting practices (particularly associated with animal feed), and veterinary activities introducing antibiotic resistancy of foodborne pathogens. All of these areas are addressed in this publication by scientists of worldwide repute and affiliated with both Academia and Industry. The involvement of Public Health strategians representing two most powerful tradeblocks (EU and USA) will be extremely important for the scientific community involved in Food Safety Assurance research, as the policies currently set out will inherently have severe impact on associated research strategies in the next decade.Table of ContentsPreface 13; Keynote contributions 15; The EU food safety action plan 17; Willem Daelman; 1. Introduction 17; 2. The White Paper on Food Safety 17; 3. Issues with an Impact for the Veterinary Public Health Sector 20; 4. Conclusions 22; Approaches to pre-harvest food safety assurance 23; John N. Sofos; Summary 23; 1. Introduction 23; 2. Statement of the Problem 25; 3. Animal Slaughtering Industry Approaches To Food Safety 26; 4. Responsibilities Of The Pre-harvest Sector 27; 5. Chemical Residues and Antimicrobial Resistance Control Approaches 31; 6. Pre-harvest Microbial Pathogen Control Approaches 32; 7. Conclusions 41; References 42; Microbiological concerns associated with animal feed production 49; Serve Notermans and Henk Beumer; Summary 49; 1. Introduction 49; 2. Human Foodborne Diseases 50; 3. Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases 51; 4. Other Relevant Microorganisms and Regulations 57; 5. Special Cases 58; 6. Swill Feeding 61; References 62; Natural and industrial contaminants in animal feeds: emerging substances 63; Johanna Fink-Gremmels; Summary 63; 1. Introduction 63; 2. Heavy Metals 64; 3. Pesticides and Organic Pollutants 66; 4. Mycotoxins 67; 5. Hormonally Active Substances 67; 6. Conclusions 68; References 68. The industrial production of safe animal feeds in Europe 71; Brian C. Cooke; Summary 71; 1. Introduction 71; 2. The EU Legislation 72; 3. Legislation Controlling the Materials which can be Used in Compounded Animal Feeds 72; 4. Legislation Controlling the Manufacture of Compound Animal Feeds 77; 5. FEFAC Guidelines for the Implementation of a Code of Practice for the Manufacture of Animal Feedingstuffs 79; 6. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points 81; 7. Consumer demands 84; 8. Conclusions 85; References 86; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; I. Recombinant antigens for antibody-based diagnosis 87; Christine Citti, Marion Brank and Renate Rosengarten; Summary 87; 1. Introduction 88; 2. Classic Immunoassays Using Native Antigen Preparation 88; 3. Advantages in Using Recombinant Proteins as Target Antigens 89; 4. Generation of Recombinant Antigens 91; 5. Selection of a Target Antigen 94; 6. Recombinant Antigens in Serodiagnostic Applications: Mycoplasma bovis Serology as an Example 95; 7. Drawbacks in Using Recombinant Antigens 100; 8. Use of Recombinant Antigens in Alternative Applications 100; 9. Conclusions 101; References 102; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; II. Quantitative real-time PCR 105; Dieter Klein and Walter H. Gunzburg; Summary 105; 1. Introduction 105; 2. Principle of Real-Time PCR 106; 3. Fidelity of Real-Time PCR assays 107; 4. Influence of Mutations on Sensitivity 109; 5. Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays 110; 6. Applications in Food Hygiene 113; 7. Conclusions 113; References 113. Pre-harvest health and quality monitoring, risk assessment and their relevance to the food chain 115; Jos P. Noordhuizen and John D. Collins; Summary 115; 1. Introduction 115; 2. Herd Health Programmes: the Need for Animal and Farm Monitoring 116; 3. Risks Associated with Trade in Livestock 117; 4. Animal Health and International Trade 119; 5. Food Chain Issues 121; 6. Other Examples of Risk Assessment in Livestock Production in Relation to Human Health 122; 7. Conclusions 122; References 123; Human pathogens associated with on-farm practices - Implications for control and surveillance strategies 125; Andreas Hensel and Heinrich Neubauer; Summary 125; 1. Introduction 126; 2. Zoonoses - Towards a Broadened View 127; 3. Selected Human Pathogens - Spread and Transmission 127; 4. Factors Influencing Human Pathogens at the Farm Level 132; References 137; Emerging pathogenic bacteria of special interest; epidemiological concerns 141; Eystein Skjerve; Summary 141; 1. Introduction 141; 2. An Evolutionary Process 143; 3. The Classics: Milk and Meat 144; 4. Emerging Patterns of Disease 145; 5. Conclusions 149; References 151; Veterinary drug use in farm animal production and the antibiotic resistance problem 153; Frank Moller Aarestrup; Summary 153; 1. Introduction 153; 2. Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents for Food Animals 154; 3. Antimicrobial Resistance 157; 4. Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents 161; 5. Exclusion or Downgrading of Certain Antimicrobial Agents 163; 6. Discussion 164; 7. Conclusions 165; References 167. An overview of current research on animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) 171; Raymond Bradley; Summary 171; 1. Introduction 171; 2. History of TSE 172; 3. Origin of BSE and New TSE 174; 4. Connections between Animal and Human TSE 175; 5. Risks to Humans from BSE 175; 6. The TSE Agents and Strains 176; 7. Detection of Infected Animals 177; 8. BSE in Cattle 177; 9. Control Measures 180; 10. Leakiness of Bans and Further Action 182; 11. Mechanically Recovered Meat (MRM) 183; 12. The Role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) 185; 13. The Role of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) 186; 14. European Commission Decisions 186; 15. Other Actions on BSE 187; 16. Network for Control 188; 17. Lessons from the BSE Epidemic 189; 18. Conclusions 189; References 191; Research-based TSE surveillance strategies in europe 195; Larry G. Paisley and Preben Willeberg; 1. Introduction 195; 2. Surveillance vs. Monitoring 195; 3. Phases in the Development of Surveillance and Monitoring 196; 4. The TSE Situation in Denmark 204; 5. Discussion 207; 6. Conclusions 213; Acknowledgement 214; References 214; Safety aspects associated with preharvest conditions of aquatic food products 217; Hans Henrik Huss; Summary 217; 1. Introduction 218; 2. Biotoxins 219; 3. Pathogenic Bacteria 222; 4. Viruses 224; 5. Parasites 225; 6. Chemicals 227; 7. Concluding remarks 227; References 228. Food safety in seafood; epidemiological concerns related to the geography of fishing grounds 229; Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Summary 229; 1. Introduction 229; 2. Basic Aspects of Seafood 231; 3. The Initial Microflora of Seafood 232; 4. Fish Safety Concerns 233; 5. Risks Related to the Geography of Selected Fish Pathogens 235; 6. Conclusions 242; References 243; Synopses of other conference contributions 247; Preliminary results of salmonella challenge experiments in broilers fed with fermented liquid feed 249; Lourens Heres; Influence of different types of husbandry and feeding on lead contents of selected cattle tissues 252; Sonja Forster and A. Stolle; C. botulinum contamination in honey 254; Mari Nevas, Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Honey: Relationships between heavy metals content and place of origin 256; S. Ghidini, G. Campanini and G. Delbono; Prevalence of Salmonella along a meat pork production system 260; N. Korsak, B. Groven, B. Jacob, G. Daube and E. Flament; Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm 262; R.E.C. Huetink, J.W.B. van der Giessen, J.P.T.M. Noordhuizen and H.W. Ploeger; The influence of the immune status of slaughter pigs on the endogenous contamination of muscle tissue 265; Th. Alter and K. Fehlhaber; Yersiniosis: Foodborne disease and underestimated diagnostical problem 268; H. Neubauer; Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Danish turkeys at slaughter 271; B. Borck, K. Pedersen and M. Madsen. European follow-up study in Salmonella seronegative and seropositive pig herds 273; D.M.A. Lo Fo Wong, A. Wingstrand, J. Dahl, P.J. van der Wolf and B.M. Thorberg, A. von Altrock; The influence of type of production on the occurrence of Salmonella in the Danish table-egg production 276; T. Hald, S. Kabell and M. Madsen; Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis from surface water by polymerase chain reaction 279; Ruska Rimhanen-Finne and Marja-Liisa Hanninen; Epidemiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Finland 281; Taina T. Niskanen; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type B, E and F in faecal samples from Swedish pigs 283; Maria Dahlenborg, Peter Radstrom and Elisabeth Borch; Epidemiology and evolution of enterobacteriaceae infections in humans and domestic animals: peri- and post-harvest risk identification and quantification of foodborne transmission 285; D.J. Mellor, S.A. McEwen, W.J. Reilly and S.W.J. Reid; Potential for the spread of food-borne pathogens in the cattle lairage environment 287; A. Small, C.-A. Reid, S. Avery and S. Buncic; The use of plasmid profile analysis to study the epidemiology of salmonellas in broiler chicken flocks 290; C.J. Crowley, J.E.L. Corry, E. Liebana, and R.R.H. Davies; An investigation into the changed physiological state of vibrio organisms as a survival mechanism in response to nutrient limitation at low temperatures 293; Moira Johston; Development of methods to detect Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in biosolids applied to land 296; Jamie Massanet-Nicolau, Andrew Blackwell and Ashley Jonas; On-farm hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) for improving the safety of lamb and beef 299; David Edwards. The disclosure of tuberculous lesions at slaughter in cattle from attested herds in CO. Monaghan in 1995 302; Paul White; Animal health & pre-harvest food safety in organic dairy farming 306; C. Micheal and M.V.B. O'Mahony; The biocontrol of E. coli 0157:H7 at farm level 309; P. McGee, J.J. Sheridan, B. Earley and N. Leonard; Alteration of intestinal cell monolayers by pathogenic Escherichia coli: importance of the tracer used to measure paracellular permeability 311; A.B. Blanc-Potard, S. Etenna and A.L. Servin; Epidemiologic study on post mortem findings recorded in an Italian abattoir for sheep 314; D. Ranucci and S. Serra; Salmonella prevention in styrian parent flocks 317; H. Gruber and J. Kofer; Salmonella monitoring of styrian swine herds 320; J. Kofer, P. Pless and K. Fuchs; Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in styrian broiler flocks 323; P. Pless, B. Ursinitsch and J. Kofer; An example of the application of HACCP principles and methodology to the safety of raw milk production - monitoring raw milk contamination from udder origin 326; Live dairy cull cow characteristics and associated microbial contamination 330; J.N. Sofos, K.E. Belk, C. Rossiter, J.O. Reagan and G.C. Smith; Active surveillance for BSE, targeting risk groups 333; Aline de Koeijer, Bram Schreuder and Mart C.M. de Jong; The cause of variant CJD 335; Andrea Lowman; A pilot study for bse active surveillance in Italy: Preliminary results 339; P.L. Acutis, M. Caramelli, C. Casalone, E. Bozzetta, M. Mazza, E. Pavoletti, G. Moda and G. Ru. The use of waste animal fats as feedstock for the production of an environmental friendly fuel for diesel engines (biodiesel) 342; E. Ahn and M. Mittelbach; Animal TSE surveillance system in the province of Styria 346; P. Wagner, J. Kofer and G. Odorfer; Lead, mercury and cadmium burden of the german mud flats (Wattenmeer) does not hamper quality of common shrimp 349; Hans Marx; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type E in finnish wild and farmed fish 351; Sebastian Hielm, Eija Hyytia-Trees and Hannu Korkeala; Molecular epidemiology of norwalk-like viruses in Ireland - emerging agents of foodborne disease 353; Barbara Foley, Colin Hill, and John G. Morgan; A case-study of the microbiological condition of a carp pond and the associated fish quality, with particular reference to human pathogens 355; Dagmar Suppin, Bettina Rippel-Rachle, Peter Paulsen, Erich Schopf and Frans J.M. Smulders; Listeria monocytogenes in finnish raw fish 358; Annukka Markkula, Tiina Autio and Hannu Korkeala; Environment-related factors influencing end-aquaculture product quality, focusing on antibiotics residues at the pre-harvest phase 360; E.P. Papapanagiotou; A comparative assessment of the use of ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) and bentonite from polish geological deposits in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs 363; Jaroslaw Rachubik; The two component system PHOP/PHOQ is required for full chloramphenicol resistance in the multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 368; Friederike Hilbert and Eduardo A. Groisman; Biographies 373; Index 381.

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Book SynopsisThis publication collects the Proceedings of the 33rd Biennial Session of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) held in Interlaken, Switzerland on 26-31 May 2002. Around 400 participants from 60 countries took part in the ICAR Session or attended the Interbull Meeting. The activities were divided into five parallel technical sessions. Overall, about 40 technical papers and reports were presented during the sessions. A technical session was especially reserved for the presentation of the activities of the Task-Forces, Sub-Committees and Working Groups in which a total of 19 reports were presented. The issues that were discussed covered the use of new technologies for animal performance recording, the application of national animal tracing databases, the use of data from permanent milk recording for official performance recording, the performance recording of beef traits and possible alternative systems of recording of functional traits. Particularly relevant was also the involvement of representatives of non-member organizations, especially from Central and Eastern Europe and developing countries, whose needs demonstrate the possibilities that are offered to ICAR to help the (re)organization of the animal sector. This supporting activity with those finalized to reach a better comparison of the production systems among the member organization demonstrate the potentialities of the association. The Sessions allowed an active exchange of ideas and experiences among the participants who recognized that the dialogue is the engine for improvement. Considering that the resources of most member organizations have been reduced, the need of working together was strongly underlined, today more than in the past, in order to achieve shared objectives.

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Book Synopsis"This publication contains proceedings of the Symposium on 'Interactions Between Climate and Animal Production' organised by the Commission on Animal Biometeorology of the International Society of Biometeorology and Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali of the Università della Tuscia (Viterbo, Italy), held in Viterbo September 4th 2003. The book discusses conceptual and methodological bases for research in animal biometeorology. It reviews the current state of knowledge, and will provide original contributions on: - the effects of climate on animal production, health and welfare; - tools for description and measurement of climate; - strategies for alleviation of climatic stress in farm animals; - the impact of animal husbandry on global climate."Table of ContentsOpening remarks 11; A. Nardone; Invited speakers; Bioclimatology and adaptation of farm animals in a changing climate 15; H.H. Khalifa; Perspective on development of thermal indices for animal studies and management 31; G.L. Hahn, T.L. Mader & R.A. Eigenberg; Physiological and productive consequences of heat stress. The case of dairy ruminants 45; N. Lacetera, U. Bernabucci, B. Ronchi & A. Nardone; Novel approaches for the alleviation of climatic stress in farm animals 61; R.J. Collier, C. Coppola & A. Wolfgram; Contribution of animal husbandry to climatic changes 73; J. Hartung; Strategies for reducing the effects of animal husbandry on climate 81; G.J. Monteny; Short communications; The effects of high ambient temperature on certain physiological parameters on rabbits in Greece 91; G. Antonakos, E. Xylouri, G. Frangiadakis, D. Kalogiannis & I. Menegatos; Oxidative status in transition dairy cows under heat stress conditions 92; U. Bernabucci, N. Lacetera, A. Nardone & B. Ronchi; The effect of climatic conditions on performances of dairy cows in Tunisia 93; R. Bouraoui, M. Lahmar, A. Majdoub & M. Djemali; Factors affecting some blood parameters and rectal temperature in cows in the Tropics 94; F. Cerutti, R. Rizzi, M. Faustini & C. Colombani; Genetic characterisation of Nellore and Criolla cattle: preliminary results 95; S. Conti, R. Bozzi, D. Marletta, A. Giorgetti & A. Martini; The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on cashmere yield, secondary active follicles and thyroid hormones in cashmere goats 96; A. Di Trana, P. Celi & R. Celi; Ultrastructural characterization of rabbit sperm abnormalities under heat stress conditions 97; A.M. Fausto, A.R. Taddei, G. Kuzminsky & P. Morera. Categorizing heat load in grain-fed beef cattle - New approaches 98; J.B. Gaughan & R.A. Eigenberg; Using panting scores to assess heat load in cattle 99; J.B. Gaughan; Seasonal variations of milk quality in Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese manufacture on a period of 10 years 100; M. Malacarne, E. Fossa, S. Sandri, F. Tosi, A. Summer & P. Mariani; Macrominerals in buffalo at different physiological state during winter and summer 101; Zia-ur-Rahman, M. Ashraf & A. Khan; Microminerals in buffalo at different physiological state during winter and summer 102; Zia-ur-Rahman, M. Ashraf & A. Khan; A higher susceptibility of hyperthermic animals to infectious disease 103; Masaaki Shibata; Heat stress parameters in Azawak (Bos indicus) and Modicana (Bos taurus) cattle 104; M. Zecchini, S. Bordonaro, S. Barbieri, D. Marletta, G. D'Urso & C. Crimella; Cooling non-lactating dairy cows reduces stress and improves postpartum performance 105; L. Avendano-Reyes, F.D. Alvarez-Valenzuela, A. Correa-Calderon, J.S. Saucedo-Quintero, F. Rivera-Acuna, F.J. Verdugo-Zarate, C.F. Arechiga-Flores & P.H. Robinson; Use of different shelter in summer for dairy sheep: lamb birth and weaning weight 106; L. Biondi, G. Cascone, G. Piccione & P. Pennisi; Shade effects on physiological responses of feeder cattle 107; T.M. Brown-Brandl, R.A. Eigenberg, J.A. Nienaber & G.L. Hahn; Productive and metabolic response of dairy cows raised in barn equipped with fans and misters during the summer season 108; L. Calamari, M. Speroni, E. Frazzi, L. Stefanini & G. Licitra; The effect of a combined progesterone (PRID) and ovosynch protocol on pregnancy rate in Buffalo 109; F. De Rensis, G. Ronci, P. Guarneri, A. Patelli, G.M. Bettoni & B.X. Nguyen; Cooling of dairy cows in Israel - Improving cows welfare and performance as well as reducing environmental contamination 110; I. Flamenbaum, E. Shoshani & E. Ezra; Behaviour of dairy cows in hot season in a barn equipped with automatic milking system (AMS) 111; E. Frazzi & F. Calegari. Effect of short-term cooling on some physiological responses of buffaloes. 1. Pregnant buffaloes 112; H.H. Khalifa, M.M. Youssef & M.M. Ghoneim; The covers for animals' protection in warm areas 113; A. Gusman, A. Marucci & C. Bibbiani; Behavior of crossbred lactating cows grazing Pennisetum purpureum, Schumaker in Southeastern Brazil under two feeding systems 114; L. P. Novaes, M. F. A. Pires, C. L. Werneck & R. S. Verneque; Effects of silymarin on rumen metabolism and microbial population in goats exposed to hot environment 115; G. Acuti, S. Costarelli, I. Tomassetti, E. Chiaradia, L. Avellini & M. Trabalza-Marinucci; CH4 emissions from cubicle houses on dairy farms with advanced nutrient management 116; J.W.H. Huis in 't Veld & G.J. Monteny; Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on floristic composition and forage quality of a Mediterranean grassland 117; A. Raschi, A. Martini, A. Pezzati, F. Albanito, M. Lanini & F. Selvi; A new abatement technique to reduce gaseous and particulate emissions from farm animal house 118; J. Schulz, L. Formosa, S. Koch, H. Snell & J. Hartung; Physiological responses of Holstein and Holstein x Jersey cattle in a grazing system in Argentina 119; P.E. Leva, M.S. Garcia, M.A. Veles, J. Gandolfo & S.E. Valtorta*; Author index 121; Keyword index 123.

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Book Synopsis"In 2001-2002, the EU Phare Business Support Programme funded an inter-country project dealing with strengthening of cattle breeders associations as business representative organisations in eight then EU candidate countries: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Breeders associations from Austria, Germany and Italy also participated in the project, while the European Association for Animal Production acted as the project leader. The project also known under its acronym as BABROC aimed at facilitating the integration of the cattle industries in the Central and Eastern European countries in the EU system and at improving quality of services provided by breeders associations to their members. The present publication contains invited papers for the international workshop on the image of cattle industry and its products, held in Verona, Italy 8 March 2002. Technical papers as well as statements made by Messrs. J. Fischler, EU Commissary, and G. Alemanno, Italian Minister of Agriculture, deal with expectations of consumers regarding the safety and quality of cattle products as the basic message for all involved in the cattle industry."Table of ContentsPreface; Welcome address by Dr. Franz Fischler 1; Speech by the Italian Minister for Agriculture, Mr. Giovanni Alemanno 3; Presentation by AIA's Chairman, Mr. Nino Andena 5; Registry system in each EU country 7; J. Claus; Specificity, DPO, PGI, traceability and labelling of beef 13; R. Pieri; Consumers perception of cattle products: A statement from the Austrian point of view 23; J.A. Lederer; Production and consumption in CEE countries in the light of EU integration: expectations and prospects 29; M. Zjalic, F. Habe and S. Pistoni; Cattle sector and production image in the EU: The case of Italy 45; A. Nardone and P.P. Fraddosio; Conclusions by AIA's Vice-Chairman, Giuseppe Pantaleoni 73.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains key contributions to the Xth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology. Proceedings from past ISRP symposia have had a major influence on research and teaching in animal science over the years. Without a doubt the peer-reviewed chapters in this book, written by some of the best scientists in the field, will live up to this fine tradition. The chapters cover a wide range of topics spanning from digestion and absorption to metabolism, reproduction and lactation. Advancement of knowledge within important issues related to rumen fermentation, absorption mechanisms and splanchnic metabolism is treated in nine chapters. A number of chapters address the relationship between nutrition and gene expression illustrating important progress in scientific knowledge that can be obtained by applying the molecular biology methods to the field. Several chapters address the effects of nutrition on immunology and cover topics related to the health and welfare of production animals. In keeping with the increased attention on the relationship between food and human health, the book contains two important chapters on this topic.Table of ContentsForeword 7; Part I: Rumen fermentation; Characterisation and quantification of the microbial populations of the rumen 19; J.L. Firkins and Z. Yu; Abstract 19; Introduction 19; Enumerating and characterising prokaryotic and protozoal populations by culture-based and microscopic methods 21; Characterising bacterial populations by molecular biology techniques 24; Observations from cloning and sequencing studies for bacteria 26; Quantitative issues influencing the interpretation of bacterial clone libraries 30; Quantification of microbial populations in the rumen 32; Protozoal ecology 36; Protozoal interactions with Bacteria and Archaea 42; Conclusions 45; Acknowledgements 46; References 46; The role of thermodynamics in the control of ruminal fermentation 55; E.M. Ungerfeld and R.A. Kohn; Abstract 55; Introduction 55; Background 58; Thermodynamics and kinetics of H sinks 64; Thermodynamics and kinetics of VFA interconversion 72; Conclusions 80; References 81; Digestion and passage of fibre in ruminants 87; P. Huhtanen, S. Ahvenjarvi, M.R. Weisbjerg and P. Norgaard; Abstract 87; Introduction 87; Site of digestion 89; Digestion kinetics 92; Parameter estimates of intrinsic rate and extent of digestion 92; The in situ method 93; Effect of intrinsic characteristics on digestion kinetics 98; Effect of extrinsic characteristic on digestion kinetics 100; Validity of digestion kinetic methods 104; Passage kinetics 105. Methodology 106; Particle dynamics 110; Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing passage kinetics 114; Integrated models of cell wall digestion in the rumen 119; Conclusions 125; References 126; Part II: Absorption mechanisms; Transport systems in the epithelia of the small and large intestines 139; G. Breves and S. Wolffram; Abstract 139; Introduction 139; Carbohydrate digestion and monosaccharide absorption 140; Rate of flow of starch into the small intestines 140; Enzymatic hydrolysis 141; Epithelial transport of sugars 141; Gastrointestinal absorption of amino acids and peptides 143; Absorption of amino acids 144; Absorption of tri- and dipeptides 147; Intestinal phosphate (Pi) absorption 149; Concluding remarks 150; References 151; Urea transporters and urea recycling in ruminants 155; J.C. Marini, J.M. Sands and M.E. Van Amburgh; Abstract 155; Introduction 155; Urea excretion and its regulation by the kidney 156; Urea entry into the gastrointestinal tract 161; Future work and summary 163; Acknowledgements 164; References 164; Ruminal SCFA absorption: channelling acids without harm 173; G. Gabel and J.R. Aschenbach; Abstract 173; Introduction 173; Quantitative aspects of intraruminal acid production and their final fate 174; Intraruminal proton release and buffering 174; Mechanisms of acid elimination from the ruminal content 174; Intraepithelial metabolism of SCFA 176; Disadvantages vs. advantages of intraepithelial SCFA breakdown 177; Acid-base balance in the ruminal epithelial cell 180; pHi regulating mechanisms and extracellular conditions 180. Systemic vs. luminal release of protons and acids 183; Functional adaptation of the ruminal epithelium can stabilise the whole system 186; Conclusions 188; Acknowledgements 189; References 189; Part III: Splachnic metabolism; Splanchnic metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in ruminants 199; J.K. Drackley and J.B. Andersen; Abstract 199; Introduction 199; Role of PDV in absorption of dietary LCFA 200; Role of splanchnic organs in coordination and use of LCFA 201; Secretion of TAG as VLDL vs. TAG accumulation in liver 205; Control of hepatic ss-oxidation of NEFA 208; Cellular partitioning of hepatic NEFA metabolism 211; Can hepatic capacity for NEFA ss-oxidation be manipulated? 214; Do PDV adipose tissues influence liver metabolism of LCFA? 216; Conclusions and future perspectives 217; References 217; Splanchnic amino acid metabolism in ruminants 225; C.K. Reynolds; Abstract 225; Introduction 226; Measurement of splanchnic amino absorption and metabolism 227; Metabolism of amino acids by the portal-drained viscera 228; Liver metabolism of amino acids 234; Metabolic impact of nonprotein nitrogen metabolism 241; Conclusions 243; References 244; Splanchnic metabolism of short-chain fatty acids in the ruminant 249; N.B. Kristensen and D.L. Harmon; Abstract 249; Introduction 249; Low first pass sequestration of acetate and propionate by ruminal epithelium 250; Large first pass sequestration of butyrate and valerate by the ruminal epithelium 252; Is the ruminal epithelium a specialized butyrate scavenger? 253; Hepatic SCFA metabolism 254; Acyl-CoA synthetases in SCFA metabolism 258; Perspectives 260; Acknowledgements 260; References 260. Part IV: Lactation and reproduction physiology; Patterns and putative regulatory mechanisms of high-affinity glutamate transporter expression by ruminants 269; J.C. Matthews and G.L. Sipe; Abstract 269; Introduction 269; Glutamate transport systems 271; System X-AG transport proteins 271; Importance of system X-AG transport capacity in support of tissue function 272; Characterized and putative regulatory mechanisms of system X-AG transporter expression and function 277; Modulation of chlortetracycline on cattle carcass quality and expression of system X-AG transporters and glutamine synthetase 284; Conclusions 286; Acknowledgements 286; References 286; Characterisation and nutritional regulation of the main lipogenic genes in the ruminant lactating mammary gland 295; L. Bernard, C. Leroux and Y. Chilliard; Abstract 295; Introduction 295; Origin of milk fatty acids 296; Characterisation of the main lipogenic genes and tools for studying gene expression and regulation 298; Effect of dietary factors on lipogenic genes expression in the mammary gland 303; Molecular mechanisms involved in nutritional regulation of gene expression 310; Conclusions and perspectives 316; Acknowledgements 318; References 318; Roles of growth hormone and leptin in the periparturient dairy cow 327; Y.R. Boisclair, S.R. Wesolowski, J.W. Kim and R.A. Ehrhardt; Abstract 327; Introduction 327; Growth hormone 328; Leptin 330; Conclusions 336; Acknowledgements 336; References 336. Part V: Lactation and reproduction physiology; Prenatal nutrition, fetal programming and opportunities for farm animal research 347; B.H. Breier; Abstract 347; Introduction 348; Maternal and fetal responses to reduced maternal nutrition 349; Influence of early life nutrition on postnatal growth and metabolism 350; Animal models of nutritional programming 351; Interactions between prenatal and postnatal nutrition 352; Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms 354; Fetal programming - opportunities for research in farm animals 355; Conclusion 357; Acknowledgements 357; References 358; Mammary cell turnover: relevance to lactation persistency and dry period management 363; A.V. Capuco, E. Annen, A.C. Fitzgerald, S.E. Ellis and R.J. Collier; Abstract 363; Introduction 363; Concept of cell turnover 364; Identification of progenitor cells 365; Population dynamics during lactation 368; Population dynamics during a 60-day dry period 373; Implications of cell turnover to shortened dry periods 376; Conclusions and perspectives 383; References 383; Milk fat depression: concepts, mechanisms and management applications 389; J.M. Griinari and D.E. Bauman; Abstract 389; Introduction 389; Milk fat depression 390; The effect of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on milk fat synthesis 396; Nutritional challenges of cows in early lactation 401; Milk fat reduction and associated lactation responses 403; Conclusions 408; References 409. Part VI: Nutrition and immunology; Endocrine effects on immune function: defining opportunities based on knowledge from growing calf and periparturient animal models 421; T. Elsasser, K.L. Ingvartsen, S. Kahl, and A.V. Capuco; Abstract 421; Introduction 421; Brief overview of the periparturient phenomenon 422; Hormonal maintenance of pregnancy and the impact of fetal-maternal tolerance on natural immunosuppression 423; Somatotropic axis modulation of immune function 425; Temporal, state-dependant, and inter-animal variability factors in the endocrine control of immune function 427; Newer findings on the impact of GH on localized immune function/nitric oxide production 431; The endocrine - immune gradient and integration of priority signals 437; Adrenomedullin - a novel bridge in the endocrine regulation of immune system function 441; Conclusions 445; References 446; Energy and protein effects on the immune system 455; M.E. Kehrli, Jr., J.D. Neill, C. Burvenich, J.P. Goff, J.D. Lippolis, T.A. Reinhardt and B.J. Nonnecke; Abstract 455; Introduction 455; Immune function status of periparturient dairy cattle 456; Energy and protein status of periparturient dairy cattle 459; Energy and protein requirements of the immune system 460; Influence energy and protein status on immune function 462; Conclusions 465; References 465; Vitamin and trace mineral effects on immune function of ruminants 473; W.P. Weiss and J.W. Spears; Abstract 473; Introduction 473; Factors affecting immune response to vitamin and mineral supply 474; Chromium 475; Copper 477; Selenium and vitamin E 480; Vitamin A and B-carotene 483; Zinc 485; Other minerals and vitamins 486; Conclusions 486; References 487. Part VII: Nutrition and stress physiology; Feeding management and stress in calves 499; A.M. de Passille and J. Rushen; Abstract 499; Introduction 499; Deprivation of sucking behaviour 499; Milk quantity 505; Individual versus group housing 507; Conclusions 508; Acknowledgements 508; References 509; Effects of nutrition on stress reactivity 511; L. Munksgaard, M.S. Herskin, P. Lovendahl and J.B. Andersen; Abstract 511; Introduction 511; Changes in HPA-axis activity induced by feeding and fasting 512; Baseline cortisol levels in relation to diet composition and total energy intake 513; HPA-axis reactivity to acute stress is modulated by energy intake 514; Diet composition may affect serotonin at CNS level 516; Can changes in the level of serotonin and CRF regulation at the CNS level affect behavioural responses to stress? 516; How do diet composition and energy intake affect behaviour? 517; Effects of composition and energy density of the diet on time budgets 517; Conclusion 520; Acknowledgements 521; References 521; Part VIII: Human health aspects; Milk fatty acids and human health: potential role of conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids 529; D.E. Bauman, A.L. Lock, B.A. Corl, C. Ip, A.M. Salter and P.W. Parodi; Abstract 529; Introduction 529; The biology of CLA 531; Ruminant dimension 533; Use of models to investigate effects of CLA on disease 538; Functional food implications of CLA for disease prevention in humans 544; Conclusion 550; References 551. Does cow's milk enhance linear growth: evidence from developing and industrialized countries 563; C. Hoppe, C. Molgaard and K. F. Michaelsen; Abstract 563; Introduction 563; Populations with marginal or poor nutritional status 563; Well-nourished populations 564; Own studies 565; Breast milk and infant formula 567; Milk and IGF-I in adults 568; Possible mechanisms 568; Linear growth and non-communicable diseases 569; IGF-I and non-communicable diseases 569; Conclusion 569; References 570; Part IX: Workshop reports; The use of ruminants in less developed counties and the priorities within ruminant physiology research to assist in development; Chaired by J. Madsen and T. Hvelplund; Discussion paper - Ruminants in agricultural development: where is the future for animal physiologists? 575; J. Madsen; Methods used for studying particle size and digesta flow; Chaired by D.P. Poppi and A.de Vega; Discussion paper 1 - Use of image analysis for measuring particle size in feed, digesta and faeces 579; P. Norgaard; Discussion paper 2 - Measurement of digesta flow entering the omasal canal 587; S. Ahvenjarvi; Index 591.

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Book Synopsis"This book addresses the principles of knowledge transfer and presents a wide scale of applications. Effective knowledge utilization requires that insights developed in the animal sciences are combined with social science approaches. That is accomplished in this book. The applications focus on the adoption of new management practices in cattle husbandry. In animal sciences the emphasis is generally on the technical and zoological know-how. The organizational and personal dimensions are too often neglected as critical factors to success. Organizational aspects deserve credit, because the results of research must often be implemented in a complex chain of producer and consumer oriented organisations. Personal aspects such as attitudes and views towards the future significantly determine the chance of adopting innovations. In this book these dimensions also receive some attention. Some more theoretical papers are followed by practical examples of implementations in the field and by descriptions of extension networks and services. A large variety of papers is presented: from the power of the researcher and consultant through the power of data banks to the power of the client and producer in the dissemination process; thus from input driven to demand driven. This book is of importance to all who deal in some way with knowledge exchange and transfer."Table of ContentsPreface 9; Abele Kuipers; From agricultural extension to communication for innovation 11; Cees Leeuwis; Different approaches to advise cattle farmers: the charter of good practices in cattle breeding 31; Anne-Charlotte Dockes and Caroline Hedouin; How environmental problems are addressed to farmers - pyramid model, research, knowledge transfer, practices and attitudes 47; Abele Kuipers, Karin de Grip and Paul Galama; Extending the University to Oregon livestock producers 59; James R. Males; Extension work in milk and beef production in Slovenia 63; Marija Klopcic and Joze Osterc; Knowledge transfer in Slovak cattle production during the transformation period 77; Stefan Mihina, Bill Mitchell and Vojtech Brestensky; Know-how transfer in animal breeding - the power of integrated cow data bases for farmer's selection of bulls to improve functional traits in dairy cows 85; Jan Philipsson, Jan-Ake Eriksson and Hans Stalhammar; Producers' attitudes towards modernization and expansion 97; Roger W. Palmer and Jeffrey Bewley; Quality management systems (QMS) as a basis for improvement of milk quality in extension services 117; Lothar Doring and Hermann H. Swalve; Focused research, information transfer and advice: first evaluation of a new approach undertaken in Emilia-Romagna 125; Adelfo Magnavacchi and Giancarlo Cargioli; The impact of the Zimbabwean change process on dairy farming and farmer attitudes 135; Stanley Marshall Makuza and Clemens B.A. Wollny; Factors determining technology adoption by beef producers in the United States 143; Larry L. Berger; Use of management practices to differentiate dairy herd environments in Southeastern Sicily 149; Emiliano Raffrenato, Pascal Anton Oltenacu, Robert W. Blake and Giuseppe Licitra. Strategic challenge of Lithuanian cattle breeding sector and attitudes involved 155; Valdas Dalinkevicius, Donata Uchockiene, Peter Doubravsky and Gintaras Kascenas; Design of large scale dairy cattle units in relation to management and animal welfare 161; Roger W. Palmer; Health management in large-scale dairy farms 189; Jos P.T.M. Noordhuizen and Kerstin E. Muller; Use of longevity data for genetic improvement and management of sustainable dairy cattle in the Netherlands 199; Rene van der Linde and Gerben de Jong; Labour efficiency and multi-functionality on Irish dairy farms 205; Bernadette O'Brien, Kevin O'Donovan and David Gleeson; Practical experiences with smallholder milk recording in Malawi: a case of Lilongwe milkshed area 215; Agnes C.M. Msiska, Mizeck G.G. Chagunda, Hardwich Tchale, James W. Banda and Clemens B.A. Wollny; Online-available milk-recording data for efficient support of farm management 227; Betka Logar, Peter Podgorsek, Janez Jeretina, Boris Ivanovic and Tomaz Perpar; Influence of work routine elements of milking on milking parlour performance 231; Bernadette O'Brien, Kevin O'Donovan and David Gleeson; Transfer of knowledge to practice in Slovenia 237; Marija Klopcic, Joze Osterc, Marko Cepon and Branko Ravnik; Keyword index 243; Author index 245.

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