African history Books

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Africa and the Caribbean (Olaitan et al.).- Chapter 2. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women: A Descriptive Analysis (Olaitan and Adegalu).- Chapter 3. Autocentric Ubuntu and Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ndasauka).- Chapter 4. Literature Review: Evidence-Based Interventions and Policy Implementation for SRHR and GBV in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa (Tubi-Nwangwu).- Chapter 5. In Search of Elusive Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Commercial Sex Workers in Lesotho: An Examination (Tesele and Xaba).- Chapter 6. Legal Answer for a Socio-Political Question: Informed Consent and the Limits of Judicial Relief for Obstetric Violence Cases in Kenya (Odada and Koitsioe).- Chapter 7. Exploring the Intersectionality of Internal Displacement and Gender-Based Violence in Africa (Balogun).- Chapter 8. Engaging Men in the Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in Africa: Case Studies of Nigeria and Chad (Alere).- Chapter 9. Reproductive Rights in Crisis: Addressing Family Planning Needs among Internally Displaced Women in North Central Nigeria, West Africa, (Imoh et al.).- Chapter 10. Dynamics of Violent Conflict and Gender-Based Violence in Africa (Oyekanmi).- Chapter 11. Women of Childbearing Age’s Challenges in Accessing Maternal Healthcare: A Case of Zimbabwe’s Makonde District (Mabemba).- Chapter 12. “The worst is when you have to review the death of a baby”: The Experiences of District Clinical Specialist Team Members during the National Health Insurance pilot program in the Tshwane District (Wonci).- Chapter 13. Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Women with Disabilities (WWDs) in Africa: A Systematic Review (Mapendere).- Chapter 14. Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights and Policy Integration for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Africa (Famutimi).- Chapter 15. Influence of Sociocultural Norms on Informed Consent for Cesarean Section in Nigeria (Obiagbaoso).- Chapter 16. Women and Mental Health during Pregnancy: The Case of Ruwa, Harare East District, Zimbabwe (Moyo).- Chapter 17. Honouring the Humanity of Women: Considerations on Moving From Harm to Help and Healing Reproductive Health and Rights in Jamaica (Heron).- Chapter 18. Comprehensive Sexual Education for Adolescents and Youth: A Comparative Perspective of Kenya and Cuba (Rottok).- Chapter 19. The Politics of Menstrual Stigmas and Taboos: Integrating Menstrual Health and Sexual Reproductive Health Rights in Africa and the Caribbean Region (Moodley-Marie and Parry).- Chapter 20. When Two Became the Right Thing to Do: The Development and Implementation of the Family Planning Policy in Jamaica (Maxwell).

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Book SynopsisThe Pen-Pictures is a well-known source for the history of the Gold Coast, modern Ghana, cited and quoted by both professional historians and interested lay-people. This annotated edition is the first reprint of the book and offers a lively and both historically and literarily interesting text about an important phase in Ghanaian history. The added introduction and annotation offer a context hitherto unavailable to the scholar and general reader.

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Book SynopsisCette première édition critique d'un manuscrit écrit en arabe et mandinka focalise l'importance des communautés mandinka et jakhanké dans la construction et la préservation de la mémoire collective de l' "empire" païen du Kaabu en Sénégambie. This is the very first scholarly publication of an arabographic manuscript in Mandinka language revealing also the importance of the Mandinka and Jakhanka clerical diaspora in the making of the history of the pagan "empire" of Kaabu in the Senegambia.Table of ContentsTABLE DES MATIÈRES Editors’ introduction Remerciements L’orthographe des noms et notions en langues étrangères Liste des abréviations Introduction Chapitre 1 : Les versions du texte et leur transmission écrite et orale Chapitre 2 : Les versions écrites et orales du Ta:rikh Mandinka présentées en colonnes Chapitre 3 : Sujets mythiques et historiques du Ta:rikh Mandinka (interprétations et commentaires comparés) Chapitre 4 : Contextes de production et de transmission des livres de Bijini : historiographie et discours social dans un village musulman au pays des Sòoninkee du Kaabu et du Badoora Tableaux Images Cartes Ta:rikh Mandinka : La reproduction de deux manuscrits arabes en possession de al-Hajj Ibrahiima « Koobaa » Kasama – MS A (18 pp), MS B (35 pp) Glossaire des anthroponymes et toponymes et des termes en mandinka et autres langues Bibliographie Index des auteurs cités

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a rare opportunity to follow the daily life on and around plantations and towns in the first years of the German colonial presence in East Africa, as seen through the eyes of a Danish master farmer working for the German East Africa Company. There are few memoirs and personal letters from these years, and existent letters are primarily by explorers, colonial officials, missionaries or the occasional settler. Lautherborn's material provides one of the very few entry points into the daily business of colonial expansion and consolidation in the early years of German East Africa as seen through the eyes of a practical man trying to do a job in a complex and changing world.Trade Review"The translation of these letters into English offers anyone interested in Tanzania history a fascinating source" (Emma Hunter, Tanzanian Affairs, Aug. 2007)Table of ContentsList of llustrations . Foreword by Mogens Thøgersen, Director of Vendsyssel Historiske Museum Foreword by the editors Note on editing Map of Tanganyika with names of places and tribal names Modern map (1976) of the Northern East Coast of Tanzania Chapter 1 Christian Lautherborn: The Danish Context Chapter 2 The African Context: German East Africa 1888-1906 Chapter 3 Journey to Africa and Settling In Chapter 4 The War in East Africa: Pangani and Bagamoyo Chapter 5 End of War in Bagamoyo and Stanley’s Visit Chapter 6 Rebuilding Bagamoyo and Return to Pangani Chapter 7 Kikogwe: The Cotton Plantation Chapter 8 Kikogwe and Mwera: Cotton and Coffee Chapter 9 Kikogwe and Sisal: Last Years in Africa Bibliography (Chapters 3–9) Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisThe role of the dog in human society is the connecting thread that binds the essays in Canis Africanis, each revealing a different part of the complex social history of southern Africa. The essays range widely from concerns over disease, bestiality, and social degradation through gambling on dogs to anxieties over social status reflected through breed classifications, and social rebellion through resisting the dog tax imposed by colonial authorities. With its focus on dogs in human history, this project is part of what has been termed the ‘animal turn’ in the social sciences, which investigates the spaces which animals inhabit in human society and the way in which animal and human lives interconnect, demonstrating how different human groups construct a range of identities for themselves (and for others) in terms of animals. So instead of conceiving of animals as merely constituents of ecological or agricultural systems, they can be comprehended through their role in human cultures.

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Book SynopsisHenry Muoria (1914-97), self-taught journalist and pamphleteer, helped to inspire Kenya's nationalisms before Mau Mau. The pamphlets reproduced here, in Gikuyu and English, contrast his own originality with the conservatism of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first President. The contributing editors introduce Muoria's political context, tell how three remarkable women sustained his families' life; and remember him as father. Courageous intellectual, political, and domestic life here intertwine.Trade ReviewThroughout his extraordinary career at home and in exile, Henry Muoria recognized the hard toil of Muoria’s writings, and the layered, sensitive, and intimate commentaries on them by the editors, convey a critical era of political and moral imagination almost lost to view — an era, in recent decades, almost unspoken and now, with this volume, so evocatively spoken. Writing for Kenya invites scholars to visit and revisit the intellectual, moral, and social worlds in which Africans lived and worked as the more visible struggles against empire unfolded. Professor David William Cohen University of Michigan This is a jewel in the crown of Brill’s imaginative African Sources for African History series, showing yet again what a wealth of African local intellectual production remains to be recovered and made available to new audiences. Professor Karin Barber FBA University of Birmingham Writing for Kenya: the life and works of Henry Muoria, by Wangari Muoria-Sal et al. Brill, 2009. 409p bibl index afp (African sources for African history, 10); ISBN 9789004174047. Reviewed in 2010 apr CHOICE. 'This labor of great respect introduces readers to the life and works of Henry Muoria (1914-97), a homegrown, self-taught, Kenyan public intellectual. An erudite essay by John Lonsdale (Cambridge) introduces the text, which puts Muoria in historical and political context. This is followed with a biography by Bodil Frederiksen (Roskilde Univ., Denmark) and then a final personal memoir by Muoria's daughter Wangari Muoria-Sal, who grew up in London while her father was there in exile during the Mau Mau insurgency against British colonial rule. The second half of the book reproduces three of Muoria's pamphlets written in the mid 1940s, edited by Lonsdale and Derek Peterson (Cambridge). What Should We Do, Our People?, The Home Coming of Our Great Hero Jomo Kenyatta, and Kenyatta Is Our Reconciler, originally written in Gikuyu, are reproduced here, with English translations on alternate pages. In addition to the biographical sketches, the reproductions and translations make the book an important historical document that belongs in every serious African studies collection. Summing Up: Essential. Upper-division undergraduates and above.' -- W. Arens, Stony Brook UniversityTable of ContentsCONTENTS List of Figures and Photographs ..................................................... vii Preface .................................................................................................. ix SECTION I LIFE Chapter 1 Henry Muoria, Public Moralist ................................. 3 John Lonsdale Chapter 2 The Muorias in Kenya: ‘A very long chain’. An Essay in Family Biography .................................................... 59 Bodil Folke Frederiksen Chapter 3 The Muoria Family in London—A Memory ........... 105 Wangari Muoria-Sal (with Bodil Folke Frederiksen) SECTION II WORKS Editorial note on Henry Muoria’s three political pamphlets ...... 131 Chapter 4 What Should We Do, Our People? ........................... 137 Chapter 5 The Home Coming of Our Great Hero Jomo Kenyatta ........................................................................................... 253 Chapter 6 Kenyatta Is Our Reconciler ........................................ 317 Bibliography ........................................................................................ 393 Index .................................................................................................... 403

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Book SynopsisThe establishment of a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in the seventeenth century and an expansion of the sphere of colonial influence in the eighteenth century made South Africa the only part of sub-Saharan Africa where Europeans could travel with relative ease deep into the interior. As a result individuals with scientific interests in Africa came to the Cape. This book examines writings and drawings of scientifically educated travellers, particularly in the field of ethnography, against the background of commercial and administrative discourses on the Cape. It is argued that the scientific travellers benefited more from their relationship with the colonial order than the other way around.Trade Review"This book shows that doing history is an ongoing interaction between reading, translating, and interpreting—which together further historiographical discourse." - Alette Fleischer, in: Isis 102.3 (September 2011), pp. 567-568 "In documenting the changing views that reached Europe over the decades concerning the peo-ples of South Africa, notably the San, Khoikhoi, Xhosas, mixed-race Bastaards, and, not least, white settlers of Dutch origin, Huigen documents an important early chapter in the history of anthropology and ethnography. [...] The text is closely tied to and powerfully reinforced by this visual material [39 glossy color plates with 46 illustrations], much of it strikingly beautiful." - James E. McClellan III, in: Centaurus, European Journal for the History of Science 53.3 (August 2011), pp. 247–248 "...valuable overview of eighteenth-century scientific knowledge at the Cape [...]" - Saul Dubow, in: British Journal for the History of Science 43.3 (2010), pp. 490-491 "Siegfried Huigen zeigt auf, wie man ein solch spannendes Kapitel aus der Geschichte der Entstehung unseres europäischen Wissens über eine fremde Region und über die dortige Bevölkerung wissenschaftlich exact kategorisieren und analysieren kann. Das Buch leistet darüber hinaus einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Geschichte der geographischen Erforschung Süd-afrikas." - Ulrich van der Heyden, in: Mitteilungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Missiongeschichte, 28 (June 2010)Table of ContentsPreface List of illustrations 1. Wagon routes: an introduction 2. Peter Kolb’s defence of the “Hottentots” (1719) 3. Expeditions from Fort Lijdsaamheijd: The VOC and the geography of southern Africa in the beginning of the eighteenth century 4. Trade and science: Reports of the VOC expedition by Hendrik Hop from 1751-1762 5. Xhosa and Khoikhoi “households”: Representations of inhabitants of Southern Africa in the Gordon Atlas 6. The adventures of a Surinamese Frenchman in South Africa: The travel accounts of François le Vaillant 7. A ‘Black Legend’ of Dutch colonialism in the Travels (1801-1804) of John Barrow 8. Batavian colonial politics and travel accounts about South Africa 9. The first ethnographic monograph: De Kaffers aan de Zuidkust van Afrika (1810) by Lodewyk Alberti 10. Conclusion: Knowledge and Colonialism Annex 1. Independent Editions and Translations of Peter Kolb’s Capvt Bonae Spei Hodiernvm in the Eighteenth Century Annex 2. Structure of the Nieuwste en Beknopte Beschryving van de Kaap der Goede-Hoop Sources and Bibliography Index Illustration Section

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Book SynopsisIn the Shadow of Good Governance traces the implementation of the good governance agenda in Malawi from the loan documents signed by the representatives of the government and the Bretton Woods institutions to the individual experiences of civil servants who responded in unforeseen ways to the reform measures. Ethnographic evidence gathered in government offices, neighbourhoods and the private homes of civil servants living in Malawi’s urban and peri-urban areas undermines the common perception of a disconnect between state institutions and society in Africa. Instead, the book presents a comprehensive analysis of civil servants’ attempts to negotiate the effects of civil service reform and economic crisis at the turn of the 21st century.Trade ReviewThe anthropology of the postcolonial state takes a major step forward with Gerhard Anders' outstanding study. His ethnographic insights into the planning, implementation and manipulation of the civil service reform in Malawi give food for thought well beyond the specific case he writes about. No other study of the 1990s good governance agenda in Africa has accomplished Anders' nuanced account of the lived experience among civil servants caught up in the throes of change. This is a landmark study that challenges facile generalizations about corruption and the dysfunctional state in Africa. Harri Englund, University of CambridgeTable of ContentsContents Acknowledgements vii Glossary and abbreviations ix Map of Malawi x 1 INTRODUCTION: UNPACKING GOOD GOVERNANCE 1 Civil servants as implementers and “target population” 1 The “dysfunctional” African state 3 Good governance as technology 5 Field sites 8 Studying up, follow the policy 9 Basic information about the civil service 11 Outline 14 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 15 Banda’s rule and the “New Malawi” 16 The results of two decades of structural adjustment 19 The civil service – from localisation to good governance 24 3 CONSTRUCTING COUNTRY OWNERSHIP 28 Introduction 28 The emergence of a concept 30 Conditionality and country ownership 34 The normativity of numbers 40 The discovery of the “C word” 42 Conclusions 47 4 THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 49 Deconstructing policy implementation 49 Retrenchment of employees made redundant 51 The introduction of new housing allowances 55 Increasing fragmentation of the civil service 60 Conclusions 68 5 ERODING SALARIES AND DOING BUSINESS 70 The African entrepreneurial spirit 70 The meaning of having a job in the civil service 73 “How to make ends meet” 83 Winners and losers of economic liberalisation 89 Conclusions 97 vi 6 “DISTANCE SAVES ME” 99 Introduction 99 Kubwerera kumudzi 101 Education and social stratification 110 The importance of associations 111 The nature of kinship duties 115 Conclusions 120 7 THE DEMOCRATISATION OF APPROPRIATION 122 Introduction 122 “Bad politics” 124 The office mores – a parallel social and moral order 130 A “primoridial public sphere”or a patchwork of moralities? 135 Conclusions 139 8 CONCLUSIONS: THE STATE IN SOCIETY 141 The paradoxical policies of the World Bank and the IMF 142 A note on theorising the postcolonial state 148 References 151 Index 163

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the foundational work of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, the essays contained in Living the End of Empire offer a nuanced and complex picture of the late-colonial period in Zambia. The present volume, based on untapped archival material and sources that have emerged in recent years, throws new light on some of the historical trajectories that the teleological gaze of nationalist scholars tended to ignore or belittle. By bringing to view the deep-rooted tensions underlying the Zambian nationalist movement, the painful dilemmas faced by chiefly and religious institutions, and the contradictory experiences of European and Asian minorities, Living the End of Empire draws inspiration from – and contributes to – a growing literature that is concerned with the study of social, political and cultural forces that did not readily fit into the then dominant narratives of united anti-colonial struggles.Trade Review'This well-integrated collection honors senior Zambianist historian Andrew Roberts (who contributes an introductory overview) without trying to encompass his manifold interests. It attains greater coherence than a typical festschrift by focusing on the last years of colonialism, particularly the contentious Central African Federation era of c.1953-63. Solid individual chapters cover European setters; the Indian community; the political roles of the Catholic Church, traditional chiefs, and labor unions; and early US diplomatic contacts. Christopher Annear's essay on the Luapula River fishery notably advances the ongoing restudy of classic Rhodes-Livingstone Institute ethnographies. Perhaps most significant is coeditor Macola's revisionist view of pioneering nationalist leader Harry Nkumbula, crediting him with more astuteness and dedication than standard accounts. The editors dispute conventional views of an inevitable triumph by Kenneth Kaunda's United National Independence Party, which governed from 1964 to 1991. They emphasize clashing political visions among urban migrant elites in Lusaka, the Copperbelt and its northern hinterland, and Southern Province peasant producers represented by Nkumbula. This volume steers Zambian history in fruitful new directions and provides valuable components of any new consensus that may emerge. Summing Up: Recommended. Academic and large public libraries; all levels. -- T. P. Johnson, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Reviewed in 2012 mar CHOICE. 'This edited volume seeks to portray the complexity of late colonial history in Zambia. It accomplishes this goal by shedding light on conflicts in the nationalist movement, chiefly and religious institutions and experiences of Western and Asian communities.....The narrative character makes this volume an enjoyable read'. Esther Uzar, University of Basel, in 'African Studies Quarterly', Volume 13, Issue 3, Summer 2012 'The book makes a very effective contribution to the history of modern Zambia. It also makes for delightful reading, typical of those young historians of this part of Africa who refer to themselves as Zambianists and who also include their teacher among their number. Otakar Hulec, in Oriental Archive, No. 81, 2013Table of ContentsContents Dedication ...................................................................................................................vii Andrew D. Roberts: An Appreciation ......................................................................ix John McCracken Background 1. Introduction: A New Take on Late Colonial Northern Rhodesia ....................3 Giacomo Macola, Jan-Bart Gewald and Marja Hinfelaar 2. Northern Rhodesia: The Post-War Background, 1945–1953 ..........................15 Andrew D. Roberts The Polyphony of African Nationalism 3. Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula and the Formation of ZANC/UNIP: A Reinterpretation ......27 Giacomo Macola 4. Traditional Rulers, Nationalists and the Quest for Freedom in Northern Rhodesia in the 1950s ...........67 Walima T. Kalusa 5. The Realization of a Catholic Social Doctrine in the Context of the Rise of Nationalism in Northern Rhodesia in the 1950s ...............................91 Marja Hinfelaar 6. Odd Man Out: Labour, Politics and Dixon Konkola ...................................111 Kenneth P. Vickery The Unsettled World of Settlers 7. Proletarians in Paradise: The Historiography and Historical Sociology of White Miners on the Copperbelt....141 Ian Phimister 8. Rivers of White: David Livingstone and the 1955 Commemorations in the Lost ‘Henley-upon-Thames of Central Africa’ ...................................161 Joanna Lewis 9. Fears and Fantasies in Northern Rhodesia, 1950–1960 ...............................207 Jan-Bart Gewald 10. Indian Political Activism in Colonial Zambia: The Case of Livingstone’s Indian Traders ...................229 Friday Mufuzi 11. Cinemas, Spices and Sport: Recollections of Hindu Life in 1950s Northern Rhodesia ....................249 Joan M. Haig Participating Observers 12. Historiography on the Luapula: Ian Cunnison’s ‘fi shing area’, Mweru-Luapula, 1948–1959.......................273 Christopher M. Annear 13. Frances Bolton, Margaret Tibbetts and the US Relations with the Rhodesian Federation, 1950–1960 .......299 Andrew J. DeRoche About the Authors ....................................................................................................327 Index ..........................................................................................................................329

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Book SynopsisMuch has been written about anti-apartheid resistance by the marginalized people of South Africa, as well as its violent repression by security forces in urban areas (e.g. Sharpeville massacre; Soweto riots). Very little attention has been paid to resistance by rural people. The Mpondo Revolts, which began in the 1950s and reached a climax in 1960, rank among the most significant rural resistances in South Africa. Here Mpondo villagers emphatically rejected the introduction of Bantu Authorities and unpopular rural land use planning that meant loss of land. The volume presents a fresh understanding of the uprising; as well as its meaning and significance then and now, particularly relating to land, rural governance, party politics and the agency of the marginalized.Trade ReviewRural resistance in South Africa: the Mpondo revolts after fifty years, ed. by Thembela Kepe and Lungisile Ntsebeza. Brill, 2011. 282p bibl index afp (Afrika-Studiecemtrum series, 22); ISBN 9789004214460 pbk, $58.00. Reviewed in 2012may CHOICE. • New from Brill • Leading scholars in South African history provide an engaging retrospective of the nature and meaning of a series of important rural revolts by Africans against the apartheid government. As the authors show, the revolts in the Pondoland area of the Transkei during the 1950s comprised a series of protest actions against the introduction of the hated Bantu Authorities Act. These culminated in killings and open rebellion in 1960. Thereafter, widespread rural opposition to the state persisted through the decade. The well-crafted chapters explore the revolts in three related sections. Chapters in part 1 reexamine the nature of resistance and the context in which it emerged. Part 2 chapters explore the broader implications of the revolts for other forms of African resistance. Part 3 provides chapters that analyze the meaning of the revolts and how they influenced historical memory in South Africa. Despite its limited focus, this volume sheds new light on a critical period in the country's history as well as on rural African history and the post-colony in general. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students and above. -- A. S. MacKinnon, University of West GeorgiaTable of ContentsCONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................1 Thembela Kepe & Lungisile Ntsebeza PART I ON THE REVOLTS 2. Resistance in the Countryside: Th e Mpondo Revolts Contextualized .........................21 Lungisile Ntsebeza (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 3. Reading and Writing the Mpondo Revolts .......................................43 Jimmy Pieterse (University of Pretoria, South Africa) 4. Govan Mbeki’s Th e Peasants’ Revolt: a Critical Examination .........67 Allison Drew (University of York, England) 5. The Mpondo Revolt through the Eyes of Leornard Mdingi and Anderson Ganyile.........................91 William Beinart (University of Oxford, England) 6. All Quiet on the Western Front: Nyandeni Acquiescence in the Mpondoland Revolt........................115 Fred Hendricks and Jeff Peires (Rhodes University, South Africa) PART II INFLUENCE OF THE REVOLTS 7. Hoyce Phundulu, the Mpondo Revolt, and the Rise of the National Union of Mine Workers.............143 T. Dunbar Moodie (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, New York, USA) (with Hoyce Phundulu) 8. The Moving Black Forest of Africa: Th e Mpondo Rebellion, Migrancy and Black Worker Consciousness in KwaZulu Natal .....................................................165 Ari Sitas (University of Cape Town, South Africa) PART III MEANINGS AND SIGNIFICANCE 9. The Shock of the New: Ngquza Hill 1960 .....................................191 Diana Wylie (Boston University, USA) 10. Tangible and Intangible Ngquza Hill: A Study of Landscape and Memory...........................209 Liana Müller (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 11. A Bag of Soil, a Bullet from Up High: Some Meanings of the Mpondo Revolts Today....................231 Jonny Steinberg (University of Oxford, England) 12. Discontent and Apathy: Post-apartheid Rural Land Reform in the Context of the Mpondo Revolts......243 Thembela Kepe (University of Toronto, Canada) 13. ‘We don’t want your development!’: Resistance to Imposed Development in Northeastern Pondoland.....259 Jacques P. de Wet (University of Cape Town, South Africa) Index .........................................................................................................279

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Francis expands and redefines the approach to the problematic of a comprehensive framework for the study of political elites through an interrogation of political elite formation in the African context of the Provincial Legislature of KwaZulu-Natal. The result is an empirically rich and detailed study of the realization, accumulation and exercise of institutionalized political power. Political elite agency shapes, enables and undermines political institutions and is dependent on a multiplicity of currencies including social and political capital and patterns of culture, respect and institutional capacity. Studies of political elites must now consider not whether elite values, attitudes and patterns of political etiquette penetrate political institutions, but rather how they do so.Table of ContentsContents List of graphs and tables ix Acknowledgements x Glossary and abbreviations xi INTRODUCTION 1 1 A THEORY AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF ELITES 10 The context of KwaZulu-Natal – methodological problems 18 Methodology of the study 22 2 HISTORICAL CONTEXTS AND POLITICAL ELITE FORMATION IN KWAZULU AND NATAL 32 Defining political ideas and political spaces 33 The roots of political elite formation 34 Political elite formation during ‘the struggle’ 41 Contested elite formation during the transition 57 Key factors and contexts in elite formation prior to 1994 71 3 SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMERGING POLITICAL ELITE 73 Social characteristics among the political elite 75 Social clusters of the political elite 131 Conclusion 133 4 POLITICAL, ORGANISATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND OF AN EMERGING POLITICAL ELITE 135 Initial political involvement 138 Extent of former political involvement: Veterans and newcomers 144 Types of former political involvement 147 Patterns of party political identification 161 Conclusion 173 5 INTRA-PARTY DYNAMICS AND POLITICAL ELITE CIRCULATION 175 The structure of opportunities within the provincial legislature 177 Intra-party dynamics in the IFP and ANC 179 Recruitment and circulation 184 Volatility in political elite circulation 196 Conclusion 200 6 INTER-PARTY DYNAMICS, COALITION POLITICS AND CROSS PARTY ELITE BONDING 202 The first term: Strengthening institutionalizing rules and procedures 203 The 1999 IFP-ANC coalition: Institutionalizing certainty 210 The IFP-DA alliance: Syncretic relationships 236 Conclusion 247 7 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY 249 Institutional factors that define the institutional capacity of political elites 251 The provincial legislature and the committee system 255 Case study: The National Council of Provinces Standing Committee in the KwaZulu-Natal provincial legislature 264 Streams of political elites: Policy, politics and institutional capacity 274 Conclusion 283 CONCLUSION: THE POLITICAL ELITE OF KWAZULU-NATAL 285 Theoretical development 295 References 297 Index 313

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Book SynopsisIn the 1880s a Swiss-born biologist, Johann Büttikofer, while working for the Royal Museum of Natural History in Leiden, The Netherlands, carried out two extended expeditions to Liberia, West Africa. In 1890 he published the results of his work in German in two-volumes, entitled Reisebilder aus Liberia (Travel Sketches from Liberia). Büttikofer worked extensively in the forested regions of coastal Liberia and made the acquaintance of many prominent Liberians and other personalities of that era. His zoological work there is actually exceeded by his detailed descriptions of the state of Liberia some 50 years following its colonization by freed American slaves and their descendents. It constitutes the first comprehensive monograph on the Republic of Liberia.Trade Review“…Representing an invaluable update on Liberian natural history and ethnography, this 2-volume set is an exceedingly erudite contribution. For Liberiaphiles, it is an indispensable addition to one’s personal library. Dop’s translation is exquisitely readable and entertaining and the footnotes demonstrate the meticulous and insightful scholarship of the authors. I found myself anticipating these footnotes with gratitude for new tidbits and references. I can think of no three Liberianists (Dop, Robinson and Holsoe) better qualified to undertake and/or comment upon Büttikofer’s seminal journeys in 19th century Liberia. Like Schwab and Harley (Tribes of the Liberian Hinterland) and Johnston (Liberia), this translation completes the set of “must-own” volumes for those who have worked in hinterland Liberia or remain steadfast students of West African history, ecology, ethnography, and culture. Memories will stir, the nocturnal cry of the civet will prickle & piloerect, and libations will be poured to the authors who have revived Büttikofer and Sala to walk again amongst us in untamed terrain! “ Richard A. “Ran” Nisbett, PhD, MSPH Tropical Public Health/EcoHealth Track Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida 'In the 1880s, Swiss biologist Johann Büttikofer traveled to Liberia in the employ of the Dutch Royal Museum of Natural History to engage in zoological research and to collect samples for the museum. Upon his return, he published his extensive, insightful work, which has remained available only in German until now. Dop and Robinson have worked to make this important historical document available in English for the first time, thereby presenting numerous scholars their first chance to utilize this source. While Büttikofer was primarily a naturalist, his work contains everything that he encountered during his stay in Liberia, and thus serves as a source for biologists, anthropologists, historians, and others. The work provides insight into the scientific community of the late 19th century and the opportunities and perils of fieldwork. Beyond this, the editors rightly contend that Büttikofer's work serves as the first monograph of Liberia, as it provides insight into the peoples, economy, structures, and environment of the country. The text is supplemented by numerous well-reproduced plates, drawings, and maps; the illustrations include not only flora and fauna, but also important Liberians and coins. Summing Up: Essential. Graduate students, faculty'. -- T. M. Reese, Univ. of North Dakota In: Choice, May 2013 Vol. 50 No. 09

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Book SynopsisThe Sawaba movement and its rebellion in Niger are a totally neglected subject. Klaas van Walraven traces this story from a social history perspective, placing an entire generation of activists, removed from the official record, back into mainstream Nigérien history. Representing a genuine social movement, Sawaba formed Niger’s first autonomous government under French suzerainty. Overthrown by the Gaullists and persecuted, it attempted a comeback with a guerrilla campaign (1960-1966), which ended in failure and led to the movement’s destruction. The Yearning for Relief – based on numerous interviews with survivors and a vast range of archival sources, including France’s secret service – is essential reading for the reappraisal of Niger’s history and the role of militant nationalist movements in the decolonisation of French West Africa.Trade Review"An excellent book, well written, based on exceptional sources ... The author plunges the reader into a turbulent and rich political history that makes Niger such a remarkable country in the politics of francophone West Africa ... Klaas van Walraven restores to history reminiscences, which are omnipresent but which were silenced. He returns to Nigériens a hidden aspect of their past ... The photographs of the actors and symbolic sites give this book a unique significance." – Prof. Dr. Mahaman Tidjani Alou, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey "This book will be of great importance for the reevaluation of the history of Niger and of militant nationalist movements in Africa." – Dr. Piet Konings, formerly African Studies Centre, Leiden "....a path-breaking and seminal study that will be widely read by historians and political scientists on West Africa and specifically Niger … Van Walraven convincingly (re)writes a much-neglected part of West African history, translating oral history into a fascinating written record ... Had it not been for van Walraven’s book, Sawaba’s historical achievements would have soon passed from living memory and thus have been lost forever." – Sebastian Elischer, GIGA, Hamburg, in: Journal of African History 54/3 "The Yearning for Relief is a monumental achievement. It is difficult to imagine a more thoroughly researched and multifaceted study of one of West Africa’s more underresearched “first-generation” nationalist parties." – Jeffrey S. Ahlman, in: African Studies Review 57 (2014), pp 212-213 [DOI: 10.1017/asr.2014.106] "The Yearning for Relief is a meticulously researched book. The author draws on an impressive variety of different sources. However, it is the 100 interviews within the Sawaba community that make the book unique. The testimonies and life histories of the Sawabists give life to the story of the movement and to an important part of Niger’s modern political history." – Gabriella Körling, in: Africa Spectrum 2/2015, pp. 140–142Table of ContentsCONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii Prologue: Historicising Sawaba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PART I DELIVERANCE, CONQUERED AND LOST 1. The Rise of the UDN, 1946–1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Niger’s First Political Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Djibo Bakary and the PPN-RDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Righter of Wrongs: Towards the Union Démocratique Nigérienne . . . . . . . . 63 Agitation and Manoeuvres, 1954–1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 The Triumph of the Camel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2. To Revolutionary Supremacy, March 1957–May 1958 . . . . . . . . 93 Sawaba as Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Tam-Tam: Canvassing in the Late 1950s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Riot in April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Bar Rivoli: Consummating Victory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 3. The Challenge of the Fifth Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 The Love for All Peoples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 The Blackmail of Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Ali Amadou and de Gaulle on the Place Protêt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 The Hour of Sputnik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 4. A Referendum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A Corsican Coup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Defections and Regrouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Campaigning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 5. Declining Fortunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Deceit and Dissolution: The Break-Up of the Assembly . . . . . 246 Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Pistols and Polling Booths: Campaigning under Harassment 262 Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 PART II PREPARING FOR RELIEF 6. Going Underground, 1958–1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 A French Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Government Architecture and Party Mobilisation . . . . . . . . . . 297 We Celebrated Independence in Our Cell: Patterns and Themes of Emerging Opposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 7. Building to Undermine, 1959–1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Noms de Plume and Lorry Drivers: Early Communication, Funding and Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Shock Troops: Early Agitation, Meetings and Missions . . . . . 341 The Bars of Zinder: Towns and Agitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 8. Repression, Dissension, and the Road to Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Siberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 I Forgot To Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Discord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Nobody Can Overthrow the Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 The Sole Grounds for My Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 9. Training Cadres and Commandos, 1958–1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 To More Forgiving Heavens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 From Sabongari to Villa Lotus: Building a Pan-African Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Living offf the Cold War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 ‘Sawaba Educated Us’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Cut offf from Niger: Militants for the Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Dining with Chou En-lai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 To Mount a Rebellion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 PART III FIGHTING FOR DELIVERANCE 10. Infijiltrations, 1960–1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Awaken the People: The Southern Network and the Nigerian Hinterland . . . . 521 He Flew over Agadez: Infijiltrations in the North and the Algerian Connection ...534 Infijiltrations in Western Niger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 Camouflage Your Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 11. Regime Responses, 1962–1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 The Bedroom of the Ambassador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 The State of the Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Foreign Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 Espionage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 Death in the Courtyard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 The People of the Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 12. Guerrilla War, July–December 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 The Battle Begins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 Attack—If Need Be With Sticks! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 Organisation, Strategy and Tactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 The Presidential Gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 New Assaults, Fresh Reprisals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 13. Guerrilla War, 1965–1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 The Counterofffensive of the Franco-RDA Combine . . . . . . . . . 708 Enemy Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 The Scorpion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 One Has to Strike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 The Man of 13 April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 The Last Military Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 Concluding Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 14. The Road of Honour: The Destruction of a Social Movement, 1965–1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 Torture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 Persecution and the Loss of Asylum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 The Years of Darkness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 The Voice of a Woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 The Tears of Our Mothers and Sisters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 Epilogue: Aftermath and Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 The Return to the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 The Rebellion in the History of Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 A Social Movement on the Battlefijield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 Our Problem was a Problem with France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 Sawaba in the Era of Democratisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

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Book SynopsisNearly Native, Barely Civilized by Roy Dilley offers the first full-length biography of Henri Gaden, an exceptional French colonial character who lived through some of the most radical transformations in West African history. It provides an in-depth, intimate and rounded portrayal of the man, his place in history, and the contradictions, tensions and ambiguities not only in his personal and professional life but also at the heart of the colonial enterprise. Soldier, ethnographer and linguist, lover, father, administrator and Governor, Henri Gaden (1867-1939) lived for 45 years in West Africa. Faced with the chaos, insecurity and insanity of colonial existence, Gaden experienced a rich mosaic of human pain and passion, of curiosity and intellectual endeavour, of folly and failure.Trade Review'The book does not aim to simply reconstruct a conventional historical narrative of a life or of event as they unfold. It sheds light on the nature of the colonialism in West Africa. Through Gaden's experience we can see how colonialism imposes order and new types of organization on native affairs. Gaden does not act merely as a military officer and administrator. In Mauritania, he was revered as a man of learning, justice and honesty, and of immense culture stature amongst the Moors. He is a researcher and an ethnographer who seeks information from the indigenous, notices and writes down Africa's world. Overall, Dilley achieves its scope, to present us a rather unknown Africa through the optics of their protagonists.' Antonios Chaldeos in Journal of Oriental and African Studies, 24 (2015), pp. 482-485Table of ContentsTable of Contents Dedication List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Note on Orthography Introduction A Funeral, Thursday, 14th December 1939 Chapter One. Gironde, Paris and Beyond Chapter Two. Agent of Commerce, African Novice: From Bordeaux to Bandiagara, 1894-1896 Interlude: Furlough in France I Chapter Three. On the Trail of the Black Napoleon, 1897-1899 Interlude: Furlough in France II Chapter Four. The Mallam and the Qadis: A Posting to Zinder, 1900-1903 Interlude: Furlough in France III Chapter Five. Cherchez la Femme: Tchekna, Chad, 1904-1907 Interlude: Furlough in France IV Chapter Six. Confidential Relations: Boutilimit, Mauritania, 1908-1911 Interlude: Furlough in France V Chapter Seven. Paperwork and Bullets: The Years of Scholarship and War, 1912-18 Chapter Eight. Governor, Savant, Adopted Son: St Louis, 1919-1927 Chapter Nine. The Monk of St Louis, 1927-1939 Index General Bibliography Bibliography of Henri Gaden's Published Works

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Book SynopsisThis groundbreaking new volume provides the first comprehensive review of the Libyan conflict of 2011. The book expands on and complements the report of the Commission of Inquiry to the United Nations Human Rights Council, and provides the reader with the information essential to understanding the Libyan conflict, its causes and ramifications, and the difficulties the country faces as it rebuilds in the wake of 40 years of repression and the effects of a brutal civil war.Trade Review"This voluminous work is essential reading and provides a mine of information for those interested in the Libyan civil war, in particular, and in the Arab Spring, in general." Hilmi M. Zawati, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol. 14, No. 4 (2016).Table of ContentsExcerpt of table of contents: About the Editor; The Contributors; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Glossary of Terms; A Note on Transliteration; A Note on the Reports of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya; Basic Facts about Libya; Chronology of Events; PART ONE: The Libyan Conflict in Context: History of Repression and the Aftermath of Revolution Introduction Chapter I—Historical Background: 1.Introduction; 2. Ancient Libya: 10th Century BCE – 642 CE; 3. The Arab Domination Period: 642 – 1517 CE; 4. The First Ottoman Domination and the Qaramanli Dynasty: 1551-1835; 5. The Second Ottoman Domination: 1835 – 1911; 6. The Italian Colonial Domination and the Shaping of the Libyan Nation: 1911 – 1943; 7. Independence and the Establishment of the Kingdom of Libya: 1943 – 1969; 8. The Libyan Arab Republic and the Rise of Mucammar Qadhafi: 1969 – 1977; 9. The Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya: 1977 – 2001; 10. Libya and the West, A New Era of Economic, Diplomatic and Security Relations: 2001 – 2011; 11. Qadhafi: A History of Political Terror; 12. Conclusion; Chapter II—The Evolution of the Armed Conflict: 2011 – 2012: 1.Introduction; 2.Military Forces and Organizational Structure; 3. Stages of the Conflict; 4.Conclusion; Appendix: Glossary of the Weapons used During the Conflict; Chapter III—The NATO Campaign: An Analysis of the 2011 Intervention: 1. Introduction; 2. Overview of the NATO Campaign; 3.The Legal Framework for the Use of Force; 4. The Security Council’s Practice under Chapter VII and The Use of Force; 5. The Security Council and the Libyan Conflict; 6. NATO Airstrikes; 7. Assessing NATO Operations; 8. Conclusion; Appendix—Letters From NATO’s Legal Adviser Regarding Controversial Strikes Chapter IV—Accountability Issues: 1. Introduction; 2. Applicable Law; 3. Phases of the Conflict; 4.Violations; 5. Other Legal Issues; 6. The Peculiarities of Post-Conflict Justice in Libya; 7. Conclusion Chapter V—The Post-Conflict Period: 1. Introduction; 2.The Security Landscape in the Post-Qadhafi Era; 3. The Proliferation of Weapons; 4.The 11 September 2012 Attack in Benghazi; 5.The Influence of Political Islam in Libya; 6. The Political Landscape; 7.Conclusion PART TWO: Theaters of Military Operations Introduction Chapter VI—Benghazi: 1. Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4. The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter VII—Ajdabiya & Brega: 1. Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter VIII—Ra’s Lanuf & Bin Jawad: 1.Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter IX—Misrata: 1. Introduction; 2.Summary of Events; 3.Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter X—The Nafusa Mountains: 1.Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter XI—Khums: 1. Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter XII—Zawiyy: 1.Introduction; 2.Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4. The Role of NATO; 5.Conclusion Chapter XIII—Tripoli: 1. Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3.Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5. Conclusion Chapter XIV—Bani Walid: 1. Introduction; 2.Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5.Conclusion Chapter XV—Sirte: 1. Introduction; 2. Summary of Events; 3. Illustrations of the Violations; 4.The Role of NATO; 5.Conclusion Table of Authorities; Books; Journal & Book Articles; NGO Reports and Statements; Periodical Articles; UN Documents; US Cables and Documents; NATO Documents; Court cases; International Law Documents; Other; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn Colonial Survey and Native Landscapes in Rural South Africa, 1850 - 1913, Lindsay Frederick Braun explores the technical processes and struggles surrounding the creation and maintenance of boundaries and spaces in South Africa in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The precision of surveyors and other colonial technicians lent these enterprises an illusion of irreproachable objectivity and authority, even though the reality was far messier. Using a wide range of archival and printed materials from survey departments, repositories, and libraries, the author presents two distinct episodes of struggle over lands and livelihoods, one from the Eastern Cape and one from the former northern Transvaal. These cases expose the contingencies, contests, and negotiations that fundamentally shaped these changing South African landscapes.Trade Review'Braun (Univ. of Oregon) examines the role of surveyors and cartographers in remaking the landscape of rural South Africa between the 1850s and the Natives Land Act (1913). Analyzing the complex and multivalent lenses through which Africans understood, responded to, and resisted these imagined and physical alterations to the landscape, Braun seeks to recover the participation of Africans in these processes without reducing or simplifying their motivations and worldviews to “communalism.” C. V. Reed, Elizabeth City State University, in CHOICE July 2015 vol. 52 no. 11 'Lindsay Frederick Braun’s outstanding book makes a significant contribution to South African history. He enters the later part of the nineteenth century through the unusual portals of surveying and cartography; drawing on many neglected and underutilized sources'. Norman Etherington, University of Western Australia, in Journal of African History, Vol. 57.3 'Colonial Survey and Native Landscapes adds an important, hitherto missing dimension to South African historiography – the history of surveying, an important cog in the establishment of colonial power. It will sit proudly beside such works as Colin Murray’s Black Mountain (1992) for close attention to landscape'. Peter Limb, Michigan State University, in Canadian Journal of African Studies, June 2016 “Braun’s book is an unconventional social and political history of two rural areas in South Africa narrated along the lines of the colonial constitution of a seemingly hegemonic cadastral landscape. … [It] contributes to a history of cartography beyond positivism. Particularly commendable is his inclusion of maps that remained pure fantasy, given that they depict a territorial order that was never implemented. It reminds historians of the need to treat geographical archives with the utmost care and remain sceptical of maps as privileged archival objects.” Giorgio Miescher, University of Basel, University of Namibia, in Journal of Southern African Studies, Volume 44, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2018.1452385Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Notes on Terminology and Usage List of Illustrations and Maps Abbreviations and Initialisms 1. Introduction: The Construction of Colonial Terrritory PART I: Imagining Lands without Chiefs 2. Redefining Land and Location in the Eastern Cape 3. “Cut Into Little Bits”: Engineering Social Order 4. Survey and Mediation in Fingoland PART II: Locating the Enduring Kingdom 5. The Notional Republic 6. “Before, the Entire Land Was Ramabulana” 7. The Fall and Rise of Mphephu 8. Objections and Objectives: SANAC, the Tsewu Case, and the Land Act Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Africa Yearbook covers major domestic political developments, the foreign policy and socio-economic trends in sub-Sahara Africa – all related to developments in one calendar year. The Yearbook contains articles on all sub-Saharan states, each of the four sub-regions (West, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa) focusing on major cross-border developments and sub-regional organizations as well as one article on continental developments and one on African-European relations. While the articles have thorough academic quality, the Yearbook is mainly oriented to the requirements of a large range of target groups: students, politicians, diplomats, administrators, journalists, teachers, practitioners in the field of development aid as well as business people. The Africa Yearbook has won the ASA 2012 Conover-Porter Book Award!Table of Contentsi. Preface ii. List of Abbreviations iii. Factual Overview iv. List of Authors I. Sub-Saharan Africa (Andreas Mehler, Henning Melber & Klaas van Walraven) II. United Nations and Sub-Saharan Africa (Valerio Bosco) III. African-European Relations (Mark Furness) IV. West Africa (Klaas van Walraven) Benin (Eric Komlavi Hahonou) Burkina Faso (Alexander Stroh) Cape Verde (Gerhard Seibert) Côte d’Ivoire (Bruno Losch) Gambia (Alice Bellagamba) Ghana (Kwesi Aning & Nancy Annan) Guinea (Anita Schroven) Guinea-Bissau (Christoph Kohl) Liberia (Lansana Gberie) Mali (Bruce Whitehouse) Mauritania (Claes Olsson & Helena Olsson) Niger (Klaas van Walraven) Nigeria (Heinrich Bergstresser) Senegal (Emanuelle Bouilly & Marie Brossier) Sierra Leone (Krijn Peters) Togo (Dirk Kohnert) V. Central Africa (Andreas Mehler) Cameroon (Fanny Pigeaud) Central African Republic (Andreas Mehler) Chad (Ketil Fred Hansen) Congo (Brett Logan Carter) Democratic Republic of the Congo (Claudia Simons) Equatorial Guinea (Joseph N. Mangarella) Gabon (Douglas A. Yates) São Tomé and Príncipe (Gerhard Seibert) VI. Eastern Africa (Rolf Hofmeier) Burundi (Stef Vandeginste) Comoros (Rolf Hofmeier) Djibouti (Rolf Hofmeier) Eritrea (Nicole Hirt) Ethiopia (Jon Abbink) Kenya (Nic Cheeseman) Rwanda (Susan Thomson) Seychelles (Rolf Hofmeier) South Sudan (Peter Woodward) Somalia (Jon Abbink) Sudan (Peter Woodward) Tanzania (Kurt Hirschler & Rolf Hofmeier) Uganda (Volker Weyel) VII. Southern Africa (Henning Melber) Angola (Jon Schubert) Botswana (David Sebudubudu & Keratilwe Bodilenyane) Lesotho (Roger Southall) Madagascar (Richard R. Marcus) Malawi (Tiyesere Mercy Chikapa-Jamali & Lewis B. Dzimbiri) Mauritius (Klaus-Peter Treydte) Mozambique (Joseph Hanlon) Namibia (Henning Melber) South Africa (Sanusha Naidu) Swaziland (John Daniel & Marisha Ramdeen) Zambia (Edalina Rodrigues Sanches) Zimbabwe (Amin Y. Kamete)

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Book SynopsisOn account of its remarkable reach as well as its variety of schemes and features, migration in the Victorian era is a paramount chapter of the history of worldwide migrations and diasporas. Indeed, Victorian Britain was both a land of emigration and immigration. International Migrations in the Victorian Era covers a wide range of case studies to unveil the complexity of transnational circulations and connections in the 19th century. Combining micro- and macro-studies, this volume looks into the history of the British Empire, 19th century international migration networks, as well as the causes and consequences of Victorian migrations and how technological, social, political, and cultural transformations, mainly initiated by the Industrial Revolution, considerably impacted on people’s movements. It presents a history of migration grounded on people, structural forces and migration processes that bound societies together. Rather than focussing on distinct territorial units, International Migrations in the Victorian Era balances different scales of analysis: individual, local, regional, national and transnational. Contributors are: Rebecca Bates, Sally Brooke Cameron, Milosz K. Cybowski, Nicole Davis, Anne-Catherine De Bouvier, Claire Deligny, Elizabeth Dillenburg, Nicolas Garnier, Trevor Harris, Kathrin Levitan, Véronique Molinari, Ipshita Nath, Jude Piesse, Daniel Renshaw, Eric Richards, Sue Silberberg, Ben Szreter, Géraldine Vaughan, Briony Wickes, Rhiannon Heledd Williams.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction  Marie Ruiz Part 1: Outward Migration 1 Revisiting the Originality of Irish Migrations during the Victorian Era  Géraldine Vaughan 2 Godley’s Plan for Colonization during the Famine: The Phantom Solution  Anne-Catherine de Bouvier 3 The Highland Diaspora and Its Antipodean Outliers  Eric Richards 4 Welsh Migration to America during the 19th Century  Rhiannon Heledd Williams 5 Britain, Argentina and Welsh Migration: A Reassessment  Trevor Harris 6 Transnationalism, the Urban & Migration in the Victorian Era: The Lives of Henry & Sophia Morwitch  Nicole Davis 7 Migration, Empire, and the Penny Post  Kathrin Levitan 8 “Sheep Stories”: Representations of Human and Animal Emigration and Settlement in the Nineteenth Century  Briony Wickes Part 2: Inward Migration 9 Global Immigration to England and Wales, 1851–1911. Evidence from the Census  Ben Szreter 10 Investigating the “Other” – A Comparative Study of Migrant Settlement in the Work of Charles Booth and Jacob Riis in Victorian London and New York  Daniel Renshaw 11 On the Road to the Asylum: Migration and Mental Illness in Victorian Lancashire (c.1851–1901)  Claire Deligny 12 A Less Eligible Country for a Pole: Britain and the Polish Refugees in the Early Victorian Period (1837–1847)  Milosz K. Cybowski 13 Jewish Immigration and the Shaping of a British Antipodean Outpost  Sue Silberberg Part 3: Migration of Women and Youth 14 Exiles and Exes: Women’s Emigration Poetry and Fiction in the Victorian Periodical Press  Jude Piesse 15 Victorian Women and Evangelicalism in the Far East: An International Mission  Nicolas Garnier 16 Migrant Memsahibs: Travel, and Gynaecological Complications during the Raj  Ipshita Nath 17 “The Opportunity for Empire Building”: The Girls’ Friendly Society, Child Emigration, and Domestic Service in the British Empire  Elizabeth Dillenburg 18 The Emigration of Irish Famine Orphan Girls to Australia: The Earl Grey Scheme  Véronique Molinari 19 From Suppression to Sponsorship: Juvenile Emigration and the Preservation of Pre-industrial Labor  Rebecca Bates 20 Little Wanderers: The British Home Children in Canada  Sally Brooke Cameron Conclusion  Marie Ruiz Index

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Book SynopsisOne of the earliest and most ambitious projects carried out by the Society of Jesus was the mission to the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, which ran from 1557 to 1632. In about 1621, crucial figures in the Ethiopian Solomonid monarchy, including King Susenyos, were converted to Catholicism and up to 1632 imposing missionary churches, residences, and royal structures were built. This book studies for the first time in a comprehensive manner the missionary architecture built by the joint work of Jesuit padres, Ethiopian and Indian masons, and royal Ethiopian patrons. The work gives ample archaeological, architectonic, and historical descriptions of the ten extant sites known to date and includes hypotheses on hitherto unexplored or lesser known structures.Trade Review“This is a first-rate and comprehensive study, richly illustrated and (as one would expect with Brill) well presented […]. It sets the standard for historical archaeological work in eastern Africa and will hopefully encourage other archaeologists, working with Ethiopian heritage professionals, scholars and communities, to engage with some of the more recent sites, all places that have much to reveal about the complex and rich history of imperial Ethiopia and its engagement with the outside world over the last six hundred or so years.” Niall Finneran, University of Winchester. In: Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, Vol. 53, No. 1 (2018), pp. 123–125. A “monumental volume”. […] “It is of the highest quality and will reward any and all who consult it.” Steven Kaplan, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In: The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 70, No. 1 (January 2019), pp. 191–192. “This substantial, well-produced book has raised the state of knowledge of this field, as well as our understanding of historical archaeology as applied to an African context, to a whole new level. […] It should remain a major reference work for archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians for many years to come.” Tania Tribe, SOAS University of London. In: Journal of Early Modern History, Vol. 24, N. 3 (2020), pp. 293–295.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors 1 Introduction: The Fieldwork and the Team Víctor M. Fernández 2 The Infrastructure of the Mission: Convents, Palaces, and Temples Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner 2.1 The Jesuit Mission: From Oviedo to Mendes 2.2 Pedro Páez: The Experimental Phase, 1614–21 2.3 João Martins and the Indian Builders: The Patriarchal Phase, 1626–32 2.4 The Mughal Hypothesis 3 The Mission Sites Víctor M. Fernández, Jorge de Torres, Carlos Cañete, and Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fǝremona 3.2.1 Introduction and Historical Data 3.2.2 The Ruins 3.3 The Royal-Missionary Complex of Azäzo-Gännätä Iyäsus 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 The Jesuit Church 3.3.3 The Fortified Enclosure 3.3.4 The Palace-Residence 3.3.5 The Hydraulic Systems 3.3.6 Gännätä Iyäsus after the Jesuits’ Departure 3.3.7 The Material Culture 3.4 Gorgora, the “Phoenix of Ethiopia” 3.4.1 Gorgora in the History of the Jesuit Mission 3.4.2 Locating the Different “Gorgoras” 3.4.3 The Remains of Gorgora Nova 3.4.4 The Church of Gorgora Iyäsus 3.4.5 The Residence 3.4.6 The Material Culture 3.4.7 An Oral History about Gorgora Nova 3.5 Dänqäz 3.5.1 Introduction and Historical Data 3.5.2 The Palace 3.5.3 The Cistern 3.5.4 The Church 3.6 Däbsan 3.6.1 Introduction and Historical Data 3.6.2 The Ruins 3.7 Särka 3.7.1 Introduction and Historical Data 3.7.2 The Church of Virgin Mary 3.7.3 The Fortified Compound 3.7.4 The Main Building or “Palace” 3.7.5 The Subterranean Room or “Prison” 3.8 Ǝnnäbǝse—Märṭulä Maryam 3.8.1 Introduction and Historical Data 3.8.2 The Ruins 3.9 Abba Gǝš Fasil (Lǝǧǧä Nǝguś?) 3.9.1 The Historical Data 3.9.2 The Ruins 3.10 Qwälläla 3.10.1 The Historical Data 3.10.2 The Ruins 3.11 Hadaša 3.12 The “Lost” Missions 3.12.1 Tanḵa 3.12.2 Näfaša 3.12.3 Ankaša 3.12.4 Atḵäna 3.12.5 Märäba 3.12.6 Gäbärma 3.12.7 Dǝbarwa 3.12.8 Adegada 4 The Politics of Domination in Missionary and Royal Architecture Carlos Cañete and Jorge de Torres 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Main Traits and Exceptions 4.3 Particular Interests, Global Consequences 4.4 The Material Accommodation of Power 4.5 The Regulation of Manners 4.6 From Materiality to Society 5 Conclusions Victor M. Fernández 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Before the Mission 5.3 Before the Chunambo 5.4 After the Chunambo 5.5 After the Mission: The Origins of Gondärine Architecture 5.6 After the Mission: The “Closure” and Transformation of Jesuit Structures 5.7 A Troubled Legacy 5.8 Conclusions Appendixes 1 The Topography of the Mission Sites Eduardo Martín Agúndez and Víctor del Arco Sanz 2 Three-Dimensional Laser-Scanner Reconstructions Christian Dietz and Gianluca Catanzariti 3 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Survey at the Azäzo—Gännätä Iyäsus Jesuit Mission Gianluca Catanzariti and Christian Dietz 4 Technical Report on the Construction Materials, State of Conservation, and Restoration Proposals Jorge A. Durán 5 Public Archaeology in Azäzo Jaime Almansa Bibliography Manuscript Sources Printed Sources Secondary Literature Index

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Book SynopsisPrivate wildlife conservation is booming business in South Africa! Nick Steele stood at the cradle of this development in the politically turbulent 1970s and 1980s, by stimulating farmers in Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal) to pool resources in order to restore wilderness landscapes, but at the same time improve their security situation in cooperative conservancy structures. His involvement in Operation Rhino in the 1960s and subsequent networks to save the rhino from extinction, brought him into controversial military (oriented) networks around the Western world. The author’s unique access to his private diaries paints a personal picture of this controversial conservationist.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Maps List of Acronyms Maps Introduction: Focusing on the subjectivities and setting the interpretive scene An iconic species in nature conservation: the rhinoceros in Africa The personal archive of Nick Steele The aesthetics of landscape in nature conservation Methodological considerations Structure of the book Chapter 1: Picturing landscape… and what comes with it Game rangers’ memoirs and landscape Landscape construction ‘Camps’ in the landscape A metaphor of aestheticized landscapes: the Claude Mirror Conservation landscapes in South Africa Chapter 2: Rhino’s political role in wildlife conservation The idea of rhino Nick Steele and saving the rhino Networking with the military to save the rhino Nick Steele and the ANC-IFP struggle Rhino conservation as ‘bush war’ Rhino as Steele’s ‘totem’? Chapter 3: Longing for Zululand landscapes: Nick Steele transferred to Natal Steele transferred from Zululand Reserves to Natal Midlands Nick Steele on issues of race in South Africa Nick Steele’s disillusionment with Natal’s landscapes Nick Steele’s friendship with Mongosuthu Buthelezi Chapter 4: Private wildlife conservancies: providing security The Farm Patrol Plan: getting things started Game guards: the backbone of conservancies The success of the conservancy concept: going across national borders Recent trends in private wildlife conservation: game farming Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements and Brief Methodological Reflections References Index

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Book SynopsisThe four sovereign Indian Ocean states of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles, the two French overseas departments of Mayotte and Reunion, as well as the British colony of BIOT (Chagos), all form part of Africa. As insular nations and territories in an increasingly globalized, militarized and largely unregulated ocean, they face particular challenges. Commonly overlooked in the fields of African and international studies, this text traces the islands’ history and explores their diverse contemporary social, political and economic trajectories. From human settlement and slavery to conflict resolution and piracy, the relations with continental Africa and the African Union feature prominently. Richly sourced, this comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to Africa’s Indian Ocean islands covers a significant lacuna.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Maps List of Boxes Reference Tables List of Acronyms Preface Introduction: From Zanj to Maersk Madagascar: Old Cultures, Contemporary Crises Comoros: Legacies of Monsoon Trade and Un-Finished Independence Reunion, Mauritius and Seychelles: Creole Islands in Development Mayotte and Chagos: Colonialism Continued Bibliography/References Name Index Indian Ocean Place Names: Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThe Africa Yearbook covers major domestic political developments, the foreign policy and socio-economic trends in sub-Sahara Africa – all related to developments in one calendar year. The Yearbook contains articles on all sub-Saharan states, each of the four sub-regions (West, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa) focusing on major cross-border developments and sub-regional organizations as well as one article on continental developments and one on African-European relations. While the articles have thorough academic quality, the Yearbook is mainly oriented to the requirements of a large range of target groups: students, politicians, diplomats, administrators, journalists, teachers, practitioners in the field of development aid as well as business people.Table of ContentsPreface List of Abbreviations Factual Overview I. Sub-Saharan Africa (Sebastian Elischer, Rolf Hofmeier, Andreas Mehler & Henning Melber) II. African-European Relations (Christine Hackenesc & Niels Keijzer) III. West Africa (Sebastian Elischer) Benin (Alexander Stroh) Burkina Faso (Dan Eizenga) Cape Verde (Gerhard Seibert) Côte d’Ivoire (Alfred Babo) Gambia (Alice Bellagamba) Ghana (Kwesi Aning & Nancy Annan) Guinea (Anita Schroven) Guinea-Bissau (Christoph Kohl) Liberia (Lansana Gberie) Mali (Bruce Whitehouse) Mauritania (Helena Olsson & Claes Olsson) Niger (Klaas van Walraven) Nigeria (Heinrich Bergstresser) Senegal (Emanuelle Bouilly & Marie Brossier) Sierra Leone (Krijn Peters) Togo (Dirk Kohnert) IV. Central Africa (Andreas Mehler) Cameroon (Fanny Pigeaud) Central African Republic (Andreas Mehler) Chad (Ketil Fred Hansen) Congo (Brett Carter) DR Congo (Claudia Simons) Equatorial Guinea (Joseph Mangarella) Gabon (Douglas Yates) São Tomé and Príncipe (Gerhard Seibert) V. Eastern Africa (Rolf Hofmeier) Burundi (Stef Vandeginste) Comoros (Rolf Hofmeier) Djibouti (Rolf Hofmeier) Eritrea (Nicole Hirt) Ethiopia (Jean Nicholas Bach) Kenya (Gabrielle Lynch) Rwanda (Susan Thomson) Seychelles (Rolf Hofmeier) Somalia (Stig Hansen) South Sudan (Peter Woodward) Sudan (Peter Woodward) Tanzania (Kurt Hirschler & Rolf Hofmeier) Uganda (Volker Weyel) VI. Southern Africa (Henning Melber) Angola (Jon Schubert) Botswana (David Sebudubudu & Keratilwe Bodilenyane) Lesotho (Roger Southall) Madagascar (Richard Marcus) Malawi (Lewis B. Dzimbiri & Tiyesere Mercy Chikapa-Jamali) Mauritius (Klaus-Peter Treydte) Mozambique (Joseph Hanlon) Namibia (Henning Melber) South Africa (Sanusha Naidu) Swaziland (Marisha Ramdeen & Senzo Ngubane) Zambia (Edalina Sanches) Zimbabwe (Amin Kamete) List of Authors

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Book SynopsisHenry Edward O’Neill was British Consul in Mozambique from 1879 to 1889. He completed thirteen exploratory journeys in northern Mozambique, including the first exploration of the Makua and Lomwe countries between Mozambique Island and Lake Malawi. This recreation of the book, which he never published, makes available for the first time a large body of information on the peoples of northern Mozambique (a region still little researched), on the history of the slave trade in the western Indian Ocean and on the expansion of Portuguese rule and the resistance to it by powerful local communities. The Introduction includes the first ever biographical study of O’Neill and his contribution to African exploration.Trade Review"Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century est constitué de la biographie d'un marin devenu consul britannique (le troisième: 1879 - 1889) au Mozambique, suivie de la publication du manuscrit d'un livre jamais publié (c'est, hélas, fréquent) reprenant les texes de plusieurs articles de l'auteur (Henry Edward O'Neill) résumant 13 voyages d'exploration entre le Zambèze et le Rovuma, avec une pointe au Sud-Mozambique." - René Pélissier, in: Africana Studia, No. 25 (2015), p. 176 "...the book conveys interesting and important direct observations about and engagements with the trade, production, cultures and peoples of Northern Mozambique. This is a primary source, a historical narrative, a biography, and much more." - Jeanne Marie Penvenne, in: Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 54 no. 2 (2017), pp. E21-E22Table of ContentsGeneral Series Editor’s Preface ... vii Acknowledgements ... x List of Illustrations and Maps ... xi Glossary ... xii PART 1: Introduction Lieutenant Henry Edward O’Neill ... 3 Prologue ... 3 The Life and Career of Henry Edward O’Neill from 1848 to 1879 ... 10 The Consuls and their Work 1857–1885 ... 24 Consul O’Neill’s Journeys 1879–1885 ... 38 Henry Edward O’Neill, the Later Years 1885–1925 ... 48 Northern Mozambique in the Nineteenth Century ... 58 The Slave Trade in Eastern Africa in the 1880s ... 76 PART 2: The Makua and Lomwe Countries of Eastern Africa 1 Sketch of Two Voyages, North of Mozambique – in 1880 ... 97 First voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Pemba Bay. May & June /80 ... 97 Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Cape Delgado. Oct. & Nov. /80 ... 121 2 Sketch of Three Voyages, South of Mozambique – in 1881 and 1882 ... 137 First voyage: Journey through the Kivolani – Umfussi districts, South of Mokambo Bay Feb/81 ... 137 Second voyage: Journey from Mozambique to Angoche, and intermediate ports July/81 ... 141 Third voyage: From Mozambique to the Moma River. March & April/82 ... 146 3 First Journey in Makua and Lomwe Countries, West of Mozambique – in 1881 ... 150 4 Visit to Fernão Veloso, and Discovery and Survey of Nakala and Kisima Julu Bays – in 1881 ... 174 5 Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Discovery of Lake Lidedi and Visit to Mavia Tribe, with Voyage to Kissanga and Neighbourhood – 1882 ... 189 First voyage: From Mozambique to Ibo and adjacent ports March & April/81 ... 189 Second voyage: Journey in the District West of Cape Delgado Bay, Sept. – Oct. 1882 ... 196 6 From Mozambique to Lake Shirwa, Including Discovery of Lakes, Amaramba and Chiūta the True Sources of the Lugenda River 1883 ... 211 Part I From Mozambique through the Makua and Lomwe Countries to Lake Shirwa, June to September 1883 ... 211 Part II Exploration of the Northern and North-Eastern shores of Lake Shirwa and discovery of the Lakes Amaramba and Chiūta, the true sources of the Lugenda River ... 242 Part III Return journey from Lake Shirwa to the Mozambique coast at Angoche, November 1883 to January 1884 ... 256 7 From Quillimane to Blantyre in the Shiré Highlands and Thence Overland to the Coast – 1884 ... 278 Appendices Appendix 1 A Catalogue of the Published Papers of Henry Edward O’Neill ... 303 Appendix 2 Notes by Consul O’Neill upon Agriculture and Labour in the Province of Mozambique, 15 March 1883 ... 305 Appendix 3 Comparative Table of Makua and the Dialects of Angoche and Ibo ... 320 Appendix 4 Table of Native Names of Places Between Mozambique and Pemba Bays ... 322 Appendix 5 Letter Relating to ‘the New Slave Trade’ ... 324 Appendix 6 Caravan Route from Kissanga to the Nyassa Lake ... 328 Bibliography ... 330 Index ... 342

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together in a comparative analysis the results of studies of the various cultural, social, economic and historical aspects that are formative in African societies’ experiences of how people negotiated the spaces and times of being in transit on the road to prosperity. The book analyses the various outcomes of the process of mobility and the experience of spaces and times of transit across gender, generational, and class-differences. These experiences are explored and give insight into the socio-cultural and economics transformations that have taken place in African societies in the past century. Contributors are: Akinyinka Akinyoade, Walter van Beek, Marleen Dekker, Ton Dietz, Rijk van Dijk, Isaie Dougnon, Jan-Bart Gewald, Meike de Goede, Benjamin Kofi Nyarko, Samuel Ntewusu Aniegye, Taiwo Olabisi Oluwatoyin, Shehu Tijjani Yusuf, Augustine Tanle and Amisah Zenabu Bakuri.Table of ContentsPART 1 Introduction 1 African Roads to Prosperity: People en Route to Socio-Cultural and Economic Transformations Jan-Bart Gewald & Akinyinka Akinyoade 2 Roads to Prosperity: Social Zones of Transit Amisah Zenabu Bakuri 3 Roads to Prosperity: Reflections about a Concept Ton Dietz PART 2 Zones of Transit 4 Wenela, Katima Mulilo, a Zone of Transit in Barotseland: The Development of a Holding Zone for Migrants on the Extreme Frontier of the South African Empire Jan-Bart Gewald 5 ‘Trapped’ in the North: Southern Migrants in Northern Nigeria, 1908–1970s Shehu Tijjani Yusuf 6 Migration and Competition around Commercial Spaces: The Case of Songhay Migrants at the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana 1930–1948 Isaie Dougnon 7 Resettlement in Zimbabwe: Final Destination from the Zones of Transition? Marleen Dekker PART 3 Zones of Transference 8 A Romantic Zone of Transference? Botswana, Ghanaian Migrants and Marital Social Mobility Rijk van Dijk 9 The Opportunities of the Margin: The Kapsiki Smith and his Road to Prosperity Walter van Beek 10 Migrants’ Assessment of Prospects in Migration: A Case Study of Conservancy Labourers in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana Augustine Tanle & Benjamin Kofi Nyarko 11 Coercion or Volition: Making Sense of the Experiences of Female Victims of Trafficking from Nigeria in the Netherlands Taiwo Olabisi Oluwatoyin & Akinyinka Akinyoade PART 4 Zones of Transit and Transference 12 So be nya dagna? (‘Is someone injured?’): The Evolution and Use of Tricycles in Tamale, Northern Ghana Samuel Ntewusu & Edward Nanbigne 13 Nigerians in Transit: The Trader and the Religious in Jerusalem House, Ghana Akinyinka Akinyoade 14 Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands: Germany as a transit zone Amisah Zenabu Bakuri 15 Kinshasa: A city of refugees Meike de Goede List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisAngola's Colossal Lie. Forced Labor on a Sugar Plantation, 1913-1977 is the first in-depth study of forced labor on a Portuguese-owned sugar plantation in colonial Angola. A prominent Portuguese civil servant dubbed the labor system in Angola a “colossal lie” because the reality so contradicted the law. Using extensive oral history interviews with former forced laborers, Jeremy Ball explains how Angolans experienced forced labor. Ball also interviews former Portuguese administrators to provide multiple perspectives about the transition to independence and the nationalization of the plantation.Trade Review'.....this is a creatively conceptualised and rigorously researched story that will be of great interest to scholars of the Portuguese empire, Angola, and the changing face of labour regimes in colonial Africa'. Jamie Miller, University of Pittsburgh, in Itinerario, Vol. 40, No. 1.Table of ContentsNote on Currency Acknowledgements Illustrations Abbreviations Glossary Introduction 1 Sugarcane, Aguardente, Forced Labor, and the Founding of Cassequel Sugar Plantation, 1899–1920 2 Cassequel and the Estado Novo, 1921 to World War II 3 “I Escaped in a Coffin”: Remembering Angolan Forced Labor from World War ii to 1960 4 African Nationalism, War, and Labor Reform, 1961–1973 5 Independence and the Nationalization of Cassequel, 1974–1977 Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Augustine’s Cyprian Matthew Gaumer retraces how Augustine of Hippo devised the ultimate strategy to suppress Donatist Christianity, an indigenous form of the religion in ancient North Africa. Spanning nearly forty years, Augustine’s entire clerical career was spent combating the Donatists and seeking the dominance of the Catholic Church in North Africa. Through a variety of approaches Augustine evolved a method to successfully outlaw and deconstruct the Donatist Church’s organisation. This hinged on concerted preaching, tract writing, integrating Roman imperial authorities, and critically: by denying the Donatists’ exclusive claim to Cyprian of Carthage. Re-appropriation of Cyprian’s authority required Augustine and his allies to re-write history and pose positions contrary to Cyprian’s. In the end, Cyprian was the Donatists’ no longer.Trade Review"This is a compellingly interesting study, well executed and raising new questions for the Augustine-Cyprian relations." - Allen Brent, King’s College, London, in: Church History and Religious Culture 98:1 (2018), pp. 139-141.Table of ContentsContents Preface List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Timelines Introduction Part 1 Augustine’s Early Years as a Church Leader and Initial Reactions to Donatist Christianity Augustine’s First Years of Ministry, the 390s The Need for an Auctoritas, Why Did Augustine Need Cyprian? The Election of Primian and Its Polemical Consequences, Mid 390s Part 2 The Maturation of the Anti-Donatist Campaign De Baptismo and the Controversy’s Escalation, 400–01 The Process of Appropriation Sustaining Appropriation Part 3 Augustine’s Cyprian in the Pelagian Controversy The Cyprian-Appropriation in the Anti-Pelagian Campaigns General Conclusions Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEn présentant une perspective sud-orientale et matrifocale sur le Kaabu (16e - 19e siècle), Les mémoires de Maalaŋ Galisa, éditées et commentées par Cornelia Giesing et Denis Creissels, complètent d'autres versions 'patriarcales' orientées sur le modèle de l'épopée de Sunjata. The Mémoires of Maalaŋ Galisa, edited and commented by Cornelia Giesing et Denis Creissels, offer a south-eastern and often matrifocal viewpoint on the state of Kaabu (16th - 19th centuries A.D.) as a counterpart to other versions moulded after the Sunjata Epic.Trade Review[...] 'insistons sur le service rendu à la connaissance par cet ouvrage qui livre une pièce importante du patrimoine culturel de Guinée-Bissau. Cette initiative se révèle d’autant plus opportune que les enregistrements originaux du récit ont été détruits pendant la guerre de 1998, que les récitants sont morts et que beaucoup de documents sont devenus inaccessibles ou sont définitivement perdus'. Bernard Salvaing, dans Journal des africanistes 90-2, 2020 : 250-252Table of ContentsEditors' Introduction L’idée et son contexte: le narrateur, son récit et l'enregistrement Remerciements Guide de lecture Introduction historiographique, historique et ethnographique Cornelia Giesing Commentarie linguistique du texte de Maalaŋ Galisa Denis Creissels Les mémoires de Maalaŋ Galisa sur le royaume confédéré du Kaabu Introduction Le peuplement du Kaabu par les Mandinka Les pays de Caaña, Maanaa, Puroopana et Pacaana La gestion d'un conflit entre Mandinka et Peul à Hokku Les pays de Tumannaa, Mansonnaa, Saŋkollaa et Kusara et le traçage de la frontière entre le Mansonnaa et le Kanaaduu Le pays de Saama et la division ultérieure des trente-deux pays du Kaabu Du mode de vie et de l'organisation sociale et politique au Kaabu Du Caaña Du pays de Maanaa: Saarafaa Ñaaliŋ Jeenuŋ Les guerriers du Kaabu: la différence entre ñañco et kooriŋ Le nouveau régime ñañco à Kaabu Kansalaa La fondation du pays de Puroopana Kansalaa, capitale de la fédération du Kaabu Les rois du Kaabu et la tromperie des gens de Saama Le règne de Mansa Baakari La préparation de la guerre sainte des gens du Fuuta Jallon contre le Kaabu L'expédition de Abdul Kudduusi contre Sankollaa Berekoloŋ Les niimaŋ de Tumannaa Sumaakundaa Farambaa Tamba tue Abdul Kudduusi La préparation de la victoire des forces du Fuuta Jallon à Kansalaa Le règne de Jankee Waali Le sacre royal et les quatre prédictions de Jankee Waali La gestion gouvernementale du Kaabu La guerre de Manda La mobilisation de la fédération du Fuuta par l'Imam Umaru et la fin du Kaabu Bibliographie Index d'auteurs Index des noms propres et des toponymes

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