Zoology and animal sciences Books

Book SynopsisThe book describes the natural history of myxoma virus in American rabbits and the history of its introduction into European rabbits at length. The changes in rabbit and virus over the last forty years provide the classical example of coevolution of a virus and its vertebrate host and a paradigmatic model for the understanding of an emerging infectious disease. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus has been spreading in Australia for only three years, but in some areas has been very effective. Written by leading world experts in animal virology and the history of medicine.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Acknowledgements 3: Pest Animals and Plants 4: The Rabbit 5: Biological Control of Pests 6: The Discovery of Myxoma Virus 7: The Disease Myxomatosis in the European Rabbit 8: The Introduction of Myxomatosis into Australia 9: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1952 to 1966 10: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1967 to 1997 11: Myxomatosis in France 12: Myxomatosis Elsewhere in Europe 13: The Use of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus for Rabbit Control 14: Ecological and Environmental Effects of Rabbits 15: Theoretical Aspects of Microbial Control of Vertebrate Pests 16: Coevolution of Parasites and Hosts 17: Glossary 18: Name Index 19: Subject Index

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Book SynopsisMany students and even researchers often make the mistake of using too few or too many animals in their experiments. This can lead to misleading results or waste of animal resources. Drawing on examples from animal experiments this book illustrates the general principles of experimentation and analysis.Unlike other textbooks on statistics, this title will enable the student to better judge which tool might be appropriate to particular circumstances:An essential textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate studentsA user-friendly guide for the design and analysis of experiment in animal scienceThe only textbook of its kind.Table of Contents1: Introduction- The Principles of Good Experiments 2: Blocking 3: Separating Treatment Means 4: How Many Animals 5: Change-Over Designs 6: Pens and Paddocks 7: Factorial Designs 8: Assumptions Underlying the Analysis of Variance 9: Dose-Response Trials 10: Uses of Covariance Analysis 11: Unbalanced Designs 12: Repeated Measures 13: Discrete Data 14: Multiple Experiments 15: List of Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis book presents specially commissioned reviews of key topics in farm animal metabolism and nutrition, where major advances have recently been made or which continue to represent issues of significance for students and researchers. - Advanced level textbook, no other advanced text in this area with such broad scope- First class contributors, including leading researchers from Europe, North America, South Africa and AustraliaTable of ContentsPart I: Absorption and Metabolism of Nutrients 1: Amino Acid and Peptide Transport Systems, J C Matthews, University of Kentucky, USA 2: Measurement and Significance of Protein Turnover, J A Rathmacher, Metabolic Technologies Inc, Ames, USA 3: Inter-organ Amino Acid Flux, C J Seal and D Parker, University of Newcastle, UK 4: Phenethanolamine Repartitioning Agents, D E Moody, D L Hancock and D B Anderson, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, USA 5: Lipid Metabolism, J K Drackley, University of Illinois, USA 6: Glucose Availability and Associated Metabolism, R W Russel and S A Gahr, West Virginia University, USA 7: Aspects of Cellular Energetics, N S Jessop, University of Edinburgh, UK 8: Trace Mineral Dynamics, W T Buckley, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Manitoba, Canada Part II: Feed Evaluation Methodologies 9: Use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, J B Reeves, Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, USA 10: Gas Production Methods, P Schofield, Cornell University, USA 11: In Sacco Methods, P Noziere and B Michalet-Doreau, Laboratoire Sous-Nutrition des Ruminants, INRA de Theix, France 12: Use of Markers, J P Marais, Kwazulu-Natal Department of Agriculture, South Africa 13: Methods for Measuring Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Pigs, W C Sauer et al., University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada 14: Rapid Metabolizable Energy Assays, J M McNab, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK Part III: Intake and Utilization 15: Physiological and Metabolic Aspects of Feed Intake Control, J M Forbes, University of Leeds, UK 16: Feed Intake in Ruminants: Kinetic Aspects, W C Ellis, D Poppi and J H Matis, Texas A&M University, USA 17: Feeding Behaviour, R J Grant, University of Nebraska, USA and J L Albright, Purdue University, USA 18: Anti-nutritional Factors and Mycotoxins, J P F D’Mello 19: Feed Enzymes, D I Officer, NSW Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, Australia

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Book SynopsisThis well illustrated book provides an historical and unified overview of a century and a half of research on the development, life cycles, transmission and evolution of the nematodes found in vertebrates throughout the world. This second, expanded edition includes relevant data from some 450 new references that have appeared from 1989 to 1999. The volume includes nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and wildlife including fish. After an introductory chapter outlining general principles, the author systematically describes the biological characteristics of the 27 superfamilies of nematodes, followed by families, subfamilies, genera and species.Table of Contents1: Introduction PART I: CLASS SECERNENTEA 1: Order Rhabditida 2: Order Strongylida (The Bursate Nematodes) 3: Order Oxyurida 4: Order Ascaridida 5: Order Spirurida - Suborder Camallanina 6: Order Spirurida - Suborder SpirurinaPART II - CLASS ADENOPHOREA 7: Order Enoplida - Suborder Dioctophymatina 8: Order Enoplida - Suborder Trichinellina

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Book SynopsisIt is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe before humans intervened in prehistoric times to develop agriculture. If this intervention had not taken place, it would still be there and so if left, the grassland vegetation and fields we see today would revert to its natural closed forest state, although with a reduced number of wild species. This book challenges this view, using examples from history, pollen analyses and studies on the ecology of tree and shrub species such as oak and hazel. It tests the hypotheses that the climax vegetation is a closed canopy forest against the alternative one in which species composition and succession of vegetation were governed by herbivores and that the Central and Western European lowlands were covered by a park-like landscape consisting of grasslands, scrub, solitary trees and groves bordered by a mantle and fringe vegetation. Comparative information from North AmeTable of Contents1: General introduction and formulation of the problem 2: Succession, the climax forest and the role of large herbivores 3: Palynology, the forest as climax in prehistoric times and the effects of humans 4: The use of the wilderness from the Middle Ages to 1900 5: Spontaneous succession in forest reserves in the lowlands of Western and Central Europe 6: Establishment of trees and shrubs in relation to light and grazing 7: Final synthesis and conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP). Held every five years, the ISRP is the premier forum for the presentation and discussion of advances in our knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. The ninth ISRP was held in South Africa in October 1999. A definitive statement of current knowledge in this subject. Contributors are the leading international authorities from Europe, North America, South Africa and Australasia. The ISRP has an excellent reputation for quality papers.Table of ContentsPart I: Regulation of Feed Intake 1: Integration of learning and metabolic signals into a theory of dietary choice and food intake, J M Forbes, University of Leeds, UK and F D Provenza, Utah State University, USA 2: Mathematical models of food intake and metabolism in ruminants, A W Ilius, N S Jessop, and M Gill, University of Edinburgh, UK 3: Control of salivation and motility of the reticulorumen by the brain in sheep, W L Grovum, University of Guelph, Canada and J S Gonzalez, University of Leon, Spain Part II: Rumen Microbiology and Fermentation 4: Molecular ecology and diversity in microbial ecosystems, R I Mackie et al, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA 5: Microbial adherence to the plant cell wall and enzymatic hydrolysis, C W Forsberg, F Forano and A Chesson , University of Guelph, Canada 6: The microbial ecology and physiology of ruminal nitrogen metabolism, M Morrison, University of Nebraska, USA Part III: Nutrient Absorption and Splanchnic Metabolism 7: Tissue, cellular and molecular aspects of peptide absorption and utilization, K E Webb, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, USA 8: Influence of gastrointestinal tissue metabolism on substrate supply, C J Seal and D S Parker, University of Newcastle, UK 9: The liver: Integrator of nitrogen metabolism, G E Lobley, Rowett Research Institute, UK, G D Milano, Campus Iniversitario, Argentina and J G van der Walt, University of Pretoria, South Africa Part IV: Tissue Maintenance and Utilization of Endogenous Body Reserves 10: Adipose tissue: beyond an energy reserve, R G Vernon, Hannah Research Institute, UK and K L Houseknecht, Pfizer Inc., UK 11: Regulation of growth and metabolism during postnatal development, B W Breier, M H Oliver and B W Galleher, University of Auckland, New Zealand 12: Direct effects of photoperiod on lipid metabolism, leptin synthesis and milk secretion in adult sheep, Y Chilliard and F Bocquier, INRA-Theix, France Part V: Tissue Growth 13: Muscle growth and genetic regulation, J J Bass et al, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, New Zealand 14: Control and manipulation of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in muscle tissue, P J Buttery, J M Brameld and J M Dawson, University of Nottingham, UK 15: Regulation of protein synthesis for wool growth, N Adams, S Liu and D G Masters, CSIRO Division of Animal Production, Australia Part IV: Reproduction, Pregnancy and Lactation 16: Regulation of macronutrient partitioning between maternal and conceptus tissues in the pregnant ruminant, A W Bell and R A Ehrhardt, Cornell University, USA 17: The Thermal Physiology of the Ruminant Fetus, H Laburn, A Faurie and D Mitchell, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa 18: Regulation of nutrient partitioning during lactation: Homeostasis and homeorhesis revisited, D E Bauman, Cornell University, USA 19: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the mammary gland: Role for IGFBP-3 binding proteins, C R Baumrucker, Penn State University, USA 20: Integrating the effects of genotype and nutrition on utilization of body reserves during lactation of dairy cattle, J P McNamara, Washington State University, USA Part VII: Ruminant Physiology and Genetics 21: Genetic manipulation of ruminant biochemistry and physiology for improved productivity: current status and future potential, K A Ward, CSIRO Animal Production, Australia 22: Genetics of rumen microorganisms: Gene transfer, genetic analysis, H J Flint and K P Scott, Rowett Research Institute, UK 23: Nutrient-gene interactions: Future potential and applications, P B Cronjé, University of Pretoria, South Africa Part VIII: Host Resistance against Parasites and Pathogens 24: Host resistance against gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, S J McClure, D L Emergy and J W Steel, CSIRO, Australia 25: Host resistance to fleece rot and blowfly strike, I G Colditz and R L Tellam, CSIRO, Australia 26: Host resistance against mastitis, K Perrson-Waller, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

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Book SynopsisWeaning represents a significant challenge to every young piglet and the success of the process is crucial to the lifetime performance of the animal. The transition from a liquid diet to one that is usually based on dry food ingredients is accompanied by major changes in digestive physiology, immune status and social and physical environments. Successful weaning is, therefore, the key to effective growth, feed efficiency and the subsequent development of the pig. This book has been developed from a British Society of Animal Science occasional meeting, held in September 2000. The Weaner Pig: Nutrition and Management brings together all the scientific disciplines involved in the pre and post-weaning biology of the piglet, concentrating on:Growth/developmentNutritionImmunology/healthEthologyThe physical environmentTable of Contents1: Growth of the young weaned pig, C T Whittemore and D M Green, University of Edinburgh, UK 2: Energy requirements of the young pig, J Le Dividich and B Séve, Unité Mixte de Recherches sure le Veau et le Porc, France 3: Protein and amino acid requirements of weaner pigs, M Cole and M Sprent, SCA Nutrition Limited, UK 4: Starch digestion in piglets, J Wiseman, J Pickard and L Zarkadas, University of Nottingham, UK 5: Non-starch polysaccharides in the diets of young weaned piglets, J R Pluske, J C Kim, D E McDonald, D W Pethick and D J Hampson, Murdoch University, Australia 6: Individual feed intake of group-housed weaned pigs and health status, E M A M Bruininx,C M C van der Peet-Schwering and J W Schrama, Research Institute for Pig Husbandry, The Netherlands 7: The weaner pig - enzymes and biotechnology for the future, G Partridge, Finnfeeds International Ltd, UK 8: Liquid feeding for the young piglet, P H Brooks, C A Moran, J D Beal, V Demeckova and A Campbell, University of Plymouth, UK 9: Digestive physiology and development in pigs, D Kelly and T P King, Rowett Research Institute, UK 10: Enteric immunity and gut health, M Bailey, K Haverson, B G Miller and C R Stokes, University of Bristol, UK, M A Vega-Lopez, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, R W Bland and H -J Rothkötter, Hannover Medical School, Germany 11: Enteric and respiratory diseases in the young weaned piglet, S Done, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK 12: Gut health: practical considerations, P Baynes, NuTec Ltd, UK and M Varley, SCA Nutrition Ltd, UK 13: Aerial pollutants from weaner production, C M Wathes, Silsoe Research Institute, UK 14: Behaviour of the young weaner pig, S Held and M Mendel, University of Bristol, UK 15: Practical management and housing of the young weaned piglet, M Evans, Pig Production Training Ltd, UK 16: Weaning systems in relation to disease, P Wallgren and L Melin, National Veterinary Institute, Sweden 17: Weaning in practice, J W G M Swinkels, H A M Spoolder and H M Vermeer, Research Institute for Pig Husbandry, The Netherlands

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Book SynopsisParasites have evolved numerous complex and fascinating ways of interacting with their hosts. The subject attracts the interest of numerous biologists from the perspective of ecology and behavioural biology, as well as from those concerned with more applied aspects of parasitology. However, until now there has been no recent book to synthesize this field.This book, written by leading authorities from the USA, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, provides the most comprehensive coverage of this important topic on the market.Table of ContentsPart I: Foraging for Hosts 1: Trematode transmission strategies, C Combes, Université Perpignan, France, P Bartoli, Campus Universitaire de Luminy, France and A Théron, Université Perpignan, France 2: Entomopathogenic nematode host-search strategies, J F Campbell and E E Lewis 3: Flexibility in host-search and patch-use strategies of insect parasitoids, L E M Vet, L Hemerik, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, M E Visser, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, The Netherlands and F L Wäckers, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Part II: Host Acceptance and Infection 4: Host discrimination by seed parasites, F J Messina, Utah State University, USA 5: Soil and plant interactions’ impact on plant-parasitic nematode host finding and recognition, A F Robinson, USDA-ARS, USA 6: Environmental control of nematode life cycles, M E Viney, University of Bristol, UK Part III: Interactions among parasites within host 7: The interactions between larval parasitoids and their hosts, M R Strand, University of Georgia, USA 8: Inter-specific interactions in trematode communities, K Lafferty, University of California, USA 9: Niche restriction and mate finding in vertebrate hosts, K Rohde, University of New England, Australia 10: Parasite sex determination, R E L Paul, Institut Pasteur, France Part IV: Parasite-Host Interactions 11: Interactions between intestinal nematodes and vertebrate hosts, M V K Sukhdeo, S C Sukhdeo and A D Bansemir, Rutgers University, USA 12: Parasite manipulation of host behaviour, R Poulin, University of Otago, New Zealand 13: Parasite manipulation of vector behaviour, J G C Hamilton and H Hurd, Keele University, UK 14: Parasite virulence, J Schall, University of Vermont, USA 15: The behavioural ecology of social parasitism in ants, R J Stuart, University of Florida, USA Part V: Synthesis 16: Parasite behavioural ecology in a field of diverse perspectives, E E Lewis, J F Campbell and M V K Sukhdeo

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Book SynopsisInsects provide excellent model systems for understanding evolutionary ecology. They are abundant, small, and relatively easy to rear, and these traits facilitate both field and laboratory experiments. This book has been developed from the Royal Entomological Society's 22nd international symposium, held in Reading in 2003. Topics include speciation and adaptation; life history, phenotype plasticity and genetics; sexual selection and reproductive biology; insect-plant interactions; insect-natural enemy interactions; and social insects.Table of Contents1: Genetics, Relatedness and Social Behaviour in Insect SocietiesA F G Bourke, Zoological Society of London, UK 2: Do Insect Sexual Ornaments Demonstrate Heightened Condition-Dependence? S Cotton, and A Pomiankowski,University College London, UK 3: Sperm Competition in Butterflies and Moths, N Wedell,University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 4: Alternative Mating Tactics and Fatal Fighting in Male FigWasps, J M Cook, Imperial College London, UK 5: Seasonal Plasticity, Host Plants, and the Origin ofButterfly Biodiversity, S Nylin, K Gotthard andG H Nygren, Stockholm University, Sweden 6: Life Histories and Parasite Pressure Across the MajorGroups of Social Insects, J J Boosma, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, P Schmid-Hempel, ETH Zurich,Switzerland and W O H Hughes, University of Copenhagen,Denmark 7: Cascading Effects of Plant Genetic Variation onHerbivore Communities, R S Fritz, Vassar College,Poughkeepsie, New York USA and C G Hochwender,University of Evansville, Indiana, USA 8: The Role of Insect Reproduction in the Diversification of Insect Reproductive Processes, G DD Hurst, UniversityCollege London, UK, K M Webberley and R Knell, University of London, UK 9: The Evolution of Imperfect Mimicry, F Gilbert,Nottingham University, UK 10: Evolutionary Ecology of Insect Host-Parasite Interactions:and Ecological Immunology Perspective,K Wilson, Lancaster University, UK 11: Adaptive Plasticity in Response to Predators in DragonflyLarvae and Other Aquatic Insects, F Johansson, UmeaUniversity, Sweden and R Stoks, University of Leuven,Belgium 12: The Peppered Moth: Decline of a Darwinian Disciple,M E N Majerus, University of Cambridge, UK 13: Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex Pipiens:Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of AceGenes, M Weill, P Labbe, O Duron, N Pasteur, M Raymond, Université Montpellier II, France, P Fort, CNRS, Montpellier,France 14: Molecular and Ecological Differentiation of Species Interactions Across Large Geographic Regions: Californiaand the Pacific Northwest, J N Thompson , University of California, Santa Cruz, USA and R Calsbeek, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, USA 15: The Genetic Basis of Speciation in a Grasshopper HybridZone, D M Shuker, University of Edinburgh, UK, T M King,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, J L Bella,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and R K Butlin,University of Sheffield, UK 16: Assortative Mating and Speciation as Pleiotropic Effectsof Ecological Adaptation: Examples in Moths and Butterflies, CD Jiggins, University of Edinburgh, UK, I Emelianov, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, and J Mallet, University College London, UK 17: Evolutionary Changes In Expanding Butterfly Populations,J K Hill, C Dytham and C L Hughes, University of York, UK 18: Specialisations and Host Associations of Social Parasitesof Ants, J A Thomas, K Schönrogge and G W Elmes,Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorset, UK

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Book SynopsisThe importance of food safety for human health has been widely recognized. The safety of foods of animal origin is particularly relevant because the large majority of foodborne diseases come from poultry, eggs, meat, milk and dairy products and fish. This textbook covers an integrated approach to this type of food production, hygiene and safety and shows how it results in concurrent benefits to animal well being, human health, protection of the environment and socioeconomics.Table of ContentsPart 1: On-farm phase in the context of the food chain 1: Food chain and health hazards 2: On-farm factors and health hazards Part 2: Hygiene of meat production-processing and meat inspection 3: Meat industry 4: Pre-slaughter phase 5: Slaughter and dressing 6: Post-mortem meat inspection 7: Meat preservation and processing 8: Meat safety management at abattoir 9: Food hygiene and safety at retail-consumer phase Part 3: Hygiene of production-processing of other foods and retail-consumerfood safety 10: Hygiene of production-processing of other foods 11: Food hygiene and safety at retail-consumer phase Part 4: Stable-to-table concept 12: Principles of longitudinal and integrated food safety assurance

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Book SynopsisIn 1968 the residents of Lovell, Wyoming, began the work of saving the Pryor Mountain Mustang, a breed of horse with a genetic link dating back to the sixteenth-century Spanish conquistadores’ horses. In this moving case study, Christine Reed shows how, through a grassroots campaign, these residents championed the creation of the first federal public wild horse range.Trade Review'This book is a must-read for anyone interested in wild horse politics, policy administration an implementation, and animal and range management.'-Montana The Magazine of Western History

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a compilation of methods that will aid researchers studying virology, immunology, and vaccinology of this devastating disease of swine.Written in the format of the highly successfulMethods in Molecular Biologyseries, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge,African Swine Fever Virus: Methods and Protocols aims to be a foundation for future studies and to be a source of inspiration for new investigations in the field.Table of Contents1 Working safely with African swine fever virus. Sarah Gold, Anna Lawton, and Graeme Harkess 2 Necropsy procedures and evaluation of macroscopic lesions of pigs infected with African swine fever virus. Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón, Fabian Lean, Matthieu Bernard, and Alejandro Núñez 3 Preparation of immunofluorescently labelled tissue sections for imaging at low and high magnifications in the confocal microscope. Jennifer Simpson and Pippa Hawes 4 Primary macrophage culture from porcine blood and lungs. Lynnette C. Goatley, Rachel Nash, and Christopher L Netherton 5 Isolation of porcine bone marrow cells and generation of recombinant African swine fever viruses. Anusyah Rathakrishnan, Ana Luisa Reis, Katy Moffat, and Linda K. Dixon 6 Laboratory diagnosis and quantification of African swine fever virus using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Christopher L Netherton, Lynnette C Goatley, John Flannery, Martin Ashby, and Carrie Batten 7 Quantification of ASFV DNA and RNA in Ornithodoros soft ticks Rémi Pereira De Oliveira, Laurence Vial, and Marie-Frédérique Le Potier 8 Genotyping of African swine fever virus. Paulina Rajko-Nenow and Carrie Batten 9 African swine fever virus (ASFV) indirect ELISA test based on the use of the soluble cytoplasmic semi purified antigen (ASFV CP-Ag). Carmina Gallardo, Raquel Nieto, and Marisa Arias 10 Indirect immunoperoxidase test (IPT) for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus (ASFV) on African green monkey cell lines (Vero, MS) Carmina Gallardo, Raquel Nieto, and Marisa Arias 11 African Swine Fever Virus Haemadosrption Inhibition Assay Alexander Malogolovkin and Alexey Sereda 12 ELISpot assay for the detection of ASFV-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing cells Raquel Portugal 13 Purification of African swine fever virus. Gareth L. Shimmon, Pranav NM Shah, Elizabeth Fry, David I Stuart, Pippa Hawes and Christopher L. Netherton 14 African swine fever virus plaque assay and disinfectant testing. Lorraine Frost and Carrie Batten 15 Bioorthogonal labelling of African swine fever virus infected cells. Sophie-Marie Aicher 16 Whole genome sequencing of African swine fever virus. Ha Thi Thanh Tran, Anh Duc Truong, and Hoang Vu Dang

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping represents an integrative approach to neurobehavioural genetics; worldwide experts in their field will review all chapters. Advanced overviews of neurobehavioural characteristics will add immense value to the investigation of animal mutants and provide unique information about the genetics and behavioural understanding of animal models, under both normal and pathological conditions. Cross-species comparisons of neurobehavioural phenotypes will pave the way for an evolutionary understanding of behaviour. Moreover, while biological sciences are progressing towards a holistic approach to investigate the complexity of organisms (i.e., systems biology approach), an integrated analysis of behavioural phenotyping is still lacking. The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotyping strengthens the cross-talk within disciplines that investigate the fundamental basis of behaviour and genetics. This will be the first volume in which traditioTable of ContentsList of Contributors xix Preface xxv 1 Genetic Screens in Neurodegeneration 1Abraham Acevedo Arozena and Silvia Corrochano Introduction 1 The Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disorders 2 Neurodegeneration Disease Models 4 Genetic Approaches to Discover New Genes Related to Neurodegeneration Using Disease Models 5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6 Caenorhabditis elegans 8 Drosophila melanogaster 9 Danio rerio 10 Mus musculus 11 Human Cellular Models and Post-mortem Material 14 The Future 14 Acknowledgments 15 References 15 2 Computational Epigenomics 19Mattia Pelizzola Background 19 Profiling and Analyzing the Methylation of Genomic DNA 19 Experimental Methods 20 Data Analysis 20 Array-based Methods 20 Sequencing-based Methods 20 Profiling and Analyzing Histone Marks 26 Experimental Methods 26 Data Analysis 27 Issues of Array-based Methods 27 Issues of NGS-based Methods 27 Integration with Other Omics Data 31 Chromatin States 32 Unraveling the Cross-talk Between Epigenetic Layers 33 References 33 3 Behavioral Phenotyping in Zebrafish: The First Models of Alcohol Induced Abnormalities 37Robert Gerlai Introduction 37 Alcohol Related Human Disorders: A Growing Unmet Medical Need 37 Unraveling Alcohol Related Mechanisms: The Importance of Animal Models 38 Face Validity: The First Step in Modeling a Human Disorder 39 Acute Effects of Alcohol in Zebrafish: A Range of Behavioral Responses 39 Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Behavioral Responses in Zebrafish 41 Effects of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure 42 Behavioral Phenotyping: Are We There Yet? 46 Assembling the Behavioral Test Battery 49 Concluding Remarks 50 References 50 4 How does Stress Affect Energy Balance? 53Maria Razzoli, Cheryl Cero, and Alessandro Bartolomucci Introduction 53 Stress 54 Energy Balance and Metabolic Disorders 55 Pro-adipogenic Stress Mediators 57 Pro-lipolytic Effect of Stress Mediators 57 How does Stress Affect Energy Balance? 57 Animal Models of Chronic Stress and their Impact on Energy Balance 58 Physical and Psychological (non-social) Chronic Stress Models 58 Mild Chronic Pain Models – Mild Tail Pinch, Foot Shock 58 Thermal Models – Cold and Heat Stress 64 Chronic Mild Stress Models: Chronic Mild Stress, Chronic Variable Stress, etc. 64 Restraint or Immobilization 65 Chronic Social Stress Models 66 Social Isolation, Individual Housing 66 Unstable Social Settings 66 Visible Burrow System 67 Intermittent Social Defeat (Resident/Intruder Procedure) 67 Chronic Psychosocial Stress, Sensory Contact, and Chronic Defeat stress 68 Stress, Recovery, and Maintenance: Insights on Adaptive and Maladaptive Effects of Stress 69 Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Negative and Positive Energy Balance 70 Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) 71 Orexin 71 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) 72 Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) 72 Glucagon like Peptide 1 (GLP1) 73 Leptin 73 Amylin 74 Norepinephrine and β3-Adrenergic Receptor 74 Conclusion 74 References 75 5 Interactions of Experience-Dependent Plasticity and LTP in the Hippocampus During Associative Learning 91Agnès Gruart, Noelia Madroñal, María Teresa Jurado-Parras, and José María Delgado-García Introduction: Study of Learning and Memory Processes in Alert Behaving Mammals 91 Changes in Synaptic Strength During Learning and Memory 92 Classical Conditioning 92 Instrumental Conditioning 95 Changes in Synaptic Strength Evoked by Actual Learning can be Modified by Experimentally Evoked Long-term Potentiation 96 Other Experimental Constraints on the Study of the Physiological Basis of Learning Processes 100 Factors Modifying Synaptic Strength (Environment, Aging, and Brain Degenerative Diseases) 101 Different Genetic and Pharmacological Manipulations Able to Modify Synaptic Strength 103 Functional Relationships Between Experimentally Evoked LTP and Associative Learning Tasks 106 Future Perspectives 108 Context and Environmental Constraints 108 Other Forms of Learning and Memory Processes 109 Cortical Circuits and Functional States During Associative Learning 109 References 110 6 The Genetics of Cognition in Schizophrenia: Combining Mouse and Human Studies 115Diego Scheggia and Francesco Papaleo Background 115 Genetics of Schizophrenia 116 Cognitive (dys)functions in Schizophrenia 117 Translating Cognitive Symptoms in Animal Models 119 Executive Control 120 Performance in Schizophrenia 122 Animal Models 124 Working Memory 125 Performance in Schizophrenia 126 Animal Models 127 Control of Attention 128 Performance in Schizophrenia 130 Animal Models 130 Concluding Remarks 131 References 132 7 The Biological Basis of Economic Choice 143David Freestone and Fuat Balci Introduction 143 Translating from Animals to Humans 144 Reinforcement Learning in the Brain 145 Subjective Value 146 The Midbrain Dopamine System Updates Value 147 From Stimulus Value to Action Value 150 Model Based Learning 150 The Prefrontal Cortex Encodes Value 152 The Basal Ganglia Selects Actions 153 Optimal Decisions: Benchmarks for the Analysis of Choice Behavior 155 The Drift Diffusion Model 157 Temporal Risk Assessment 158 Timed-response Inhibition for Reward-rate Maximization 160 Timed Response Switching 163 Temporal Bisection 164 Numerical Risk Assessment 166 Rodent Version of Balloon Analog Risk Task 167 Conclusion 167 Acknowledgments 168 References 168 8 Interval-timing Protocols and Their Relevancy to the Study of Temporal Cognition and Neurobehavioral Genetics 179Bin Yin, Nicholas A. Lusk, and Warren H. Meck Introduction 179 Application of a Timing, Immersive Memory, and Emotional Regulation (Timer) Test Battery 190 Neural Basis of Interval Timing 191 What Makes a Mutant Mouse “Tick”? 193 Proposal of a TIMER Test Battery and Its Application in Reverse Genetics 199 Behavioral Test Battery Applications in Forward Genetics 202 Order of Behavioral Tasks 205 Location and Time of Behavioral Testing 205 Summary 205 References 206 Appendix I 226 Limitations of the individual-trials analysis for data obtained in the peak-interval (PI) procedure 226 9 Toolkits for Cognition: From Core Knowledge to Genes 229Giorgio Vallortigara and Orsola Rosa Salva Introduction 229 Core Knowledge: The Domestic Chick as a System Model 230 Numerical Competence 230 Physical Properties 230 Geometry of Space 232 Animate Agents 232 A Comparative Perspective on the Genetic and Evolutionary Bases of Social Behavior 236 From Social Experience to Genes 239 From Genes to Social Behavior 241 Future Directions 243 Conserved Mechanisms for Social Core Knowledge 243 Interactions Between Experience and Genomic Information 243 Neurogenetic Basis of Social Predispositions 243 Epigenetics and the Development of the Social Brain 244 Spatial Cognition, Another Promising Core-knowledge Domain 244 References 245 10 Quantitative Genetics of Behavioral Phenotypes 253Elzbieta Kostrzewa and Martien J.H. Kas Human Studies of Quantitative Traits 253 Mouse Studies of Quantitative Traits 254 Classical Inbred Mice 254 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis 254 Knock-out (KO) Mouse Lines 256 Use of Mice as Animal Model for Complex Human Traits 257 Comparative Genomic Approaches 257 Evolutionarily Conserved Behavioral Phenotypes 257 Physical Activity – Definitions and Methods of Phenotypic Measurement 258 Current Results of Quantitative Genetic Basis of PA in Humans 259 Current Results of Quantitative Genetic Basis of PA in Mice 260 KO Studies 260 QTL Studies 261 An Overlap of Genetic Findings Between the Species 261 Conclusions 265 References 265 11 Behavioral Phenotyping in Genetic Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Translational Outlook 271Maria Luisa Scattoni, Caterina Michetti, Angela Caruso, and Laura Ricceri Introduction 271 Measuring Social behavior in ASD Mouse Models 272 Social Interaction Tests 272 Male-female 277 Female-female 278 Male-male 278 Social-approach 279 Sociability Test Phase 280 Social Novelty 280 Social Recognition 280 Repetitive Behavior 281 Motor Stereotypies 281 Restricted Interests 281 Behavioral Inflexibility 282 Behavioral Tests Targeting other ASD Symptoms 282 Anxiety 282 Epilepsy 283 Behavioral Phenotyping in ASD Mouse Pups 283 Future Directions: ASD Mouse Models as a Resource for Gene-environment Interaction Studies 284 Acknowledgments 285 References 285 12 Genetics of Human Sleep and Sleep Disorders 295Birgitte Rahbek Kornum The Mystery of Human Sleep 295 Sleep is Essential for Mammalian Life 295 The Function of Sleep 296 Extended Wakefulness Induces Sleep 296 Homeostatic and Circadian Regulation of Sleep and Wake 297 Adenosine and Sleep Homeostasis 298 Resistance to Sleep Loss is a Stable Phenotype 299 Genetic Markers of Response to Sleep Loss 299 A Unique Activity Pattern Characterizes the Sleeping Brain 300 Sleep Stages and Sleep Cycles 300 Genetics of the Human Sleep Electroencephalography 301 Normal Sleep Architecture is Lost in Fatal Familial Insomnia 303 Circadian Regulation of Sleep and Associated Disorders 304 Circadian Regulation of Sleep 304 Molecular Regulation of the Circadian Clock 305 The Central Circadian Clock is Entrained By Light 306 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 307 Advanced Sleep Phase Syndromes 307 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndromes 308 Short Sleep Times in Healthy Individuals 308 Destabilization of Sleep States and Narcolepsy 309 Normal Regulation of Sleep Architecture 309 Wakefulness is Associated with Cortical Activation 309 The Preoptic Area Contains Sleep-promoting Neurons 309 Mutual Inhibition Regulates Transitions Between Wake and Sleep 310 Regulation of REM Sleep 311 Narcolepsy, A Disorder of Wakefulness and REM Sleep 311 Narcolepsy with Cataplexy is Caused By Hypocretin Deficiency 312 Autoimmunity Toward Hypocretin Neurons 312 Genetic Evidence Supports the Autoimmune Hypothesis of Narcolepsy 313 Restless Legs Syndrome, A Developmental Sleep Disorder 314 Restless Legs Syndrome, A Mysterious Urge to Move 314 Restless Legs Syndrome and Dopamine Disturbances 315 Iron Deficiency Exacerbates RLS Symptoms 315 Genetic Studies Suggest Developmental Defects 316 Unresolved Issues and Future Perspectives 316 What is the Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for the Ultradian Rhythm of NREM-REM Sleep? 317 What is the Genetic Basis for Individual Variation in Complex Sleep Features such as Sleep Spindles and K-Complexes? 317 What is the Basis for the Individual Differences in Resistance to Sleep Loss? 317 Are Homeostatic and Circadian Mechanisms Genuinely Independent or Are They Intimately Linked? 318 What Controls the Molecular and Anatomical Diversity of Sleep Regulatory Networks Across Species? 318 References 319 13 The Endocannabinoid System in the Control of Behavior 323Edgar Soria-Gomez, Mathilde Metna, Luigi Bellocchio, Arnau Busquets-Garcia, and Giovanni Marsicano Introduction 323 Cannabinoid Effects and Endocannabinoid Functions 324 Role of the ECS in Memory Processes 325 Memory: General Background 325 Role of the ECS in Synaptic Plasticity 325 Memory Impairment Produced by Exogenous Cannabinoids 326 Cannabinoid Regulation of Memory: Neurobiological Mechanisms 327 Role of the ECS in Fear Processes 329 Fear: General Background 329 The ECS as an Endogenous Regulator of Fear Responses 331 Cannabinoid Regulation of Fear: Neurobiological Mechanisms 332 Implication of the ECS in Fear Coping Behaviors 333 Role of the ECS in Feeding Behavior 336 Feeding Behavior: General Background 336 The ECS as an Endogenous Regulator of Feeding Behavior 337 The ECS and Food Reward Circuits 338 The ECS in the Hypothalamic Appetite Network 338 The ECS in the Caudal Brainstem and Gastrointestinal Tract 340 Bimodal Control of Stimulated Food Intake by the ECS in the Brain 341 Paraventricular Hypothalamus Versus Ventral Striatum in Hypophagia induced by the ECS 342 The Olfactory Bulb and the Hyperphagic Action of the ECS 342 Conclusions 343 References 344 14 Epigenetics in Brain Development and Disease 357Elisabeth J. Radford, Anne C. Ferguson-Smith, and Sacri R. Ferrón Introduction 357 Epigenetics and Neurodevelopment 358 Histone Modifications 358 DNA Methylation 361 Hydroxymethylation 364 Genomic Imprinting 364 Non-coding RNAs 365 Neurodevelopmental Disorders with an Epigenetic Basis 366 Rett Syndrome 366 Coffin–Lowry Syndrome 367 Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome 367 Alpha-thalassemia Mental Retardation Syndrome 367 Imprinted Neurodevelopmental Disorders 368 Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders 368 Fragile X Syndrome 370 Friedreich’s Ataxia 370 Myotonic Dystrophy 371 Huntington’s Disease (HD) 371 Epigenetics of Neurodegenerative Disorders 372 Parkinson´s Disease (PD) 372 Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) 373 The Impact of the Environment on the Epigenome 374 Epigenetic Therapy in Neurodevelopment 375 Untargeted Treatment 375 Targeted Epigenetic Modulation 377 Concluding Remarks 377 Acknowledgments 377 References 378 15 Impact of Postnatal Manipulations on Offspring Development in Rodents 395Diego Oddi, Alessandra Luchetti, and Francesca Romana D’Amato Introduction 395 Early Postnatal Environment in Laboratory Altricial Rodents 396 Rodents’ Responses to Postnatal Environment and Early Manipulations 397 Assessing Pups’ Responses to Postnatal Environment and Early Manipulation 397 Neonatal Ultrasonic Calls: Isolation-induced Vocalizations and Maternal Potentiation 397 Searching for Social Contact: Homing and Huddling Behaviors 398 Early-life Environment and Stress-Response 398 Separation from the Mother 399 Mother’s Stress 400 The Cross-fostering Paradigm 401 Repeated Cross-fostering as a Model of Early Maternal Environment Instability 403 Environmental Enrichment 405 Conclusions 406 References 407 16 Exploring the Roles of Genetics and the Epigenetic Mechanism DNA Methylation in Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Behavior 417Christina M. Burden and Jonathan E. Bobek Introduction 417 Genetics of Adult Honey Bee Biology and Behavior 418 Nurse to Forager Transition 418 Forager Preference 420 Techniques for Investigating the Genetic Bases of Behavior 420 QTL Mapping 421 RNA Techniques 421 Microarrays 421 RNA Sequencing 422 Experimentally Modulating the Genes Correlated with Specific Behaviors to Test Causality 422 DNA Methylation and Honey Bee Behavior 423 Honey Bee DNA Methylation Machinery and Genome-Wide Patterns 423 DNA Methylation and Task Specialization 424 DNA Methylation and Memory Consolidation 425 Techniques for Detecting and Assaying DNA Methylation 426 The Technological Bases for Most DNA Methylation Assays 426 Methylation-specific Restriction Endonucleases 426 Protein-mediated Precipitation of Methylated DNA 428 Bisulfite Conversion 428 Assaying Single CpGs, Short Sequences, and Target Regions 429 Analyzing Genome-wide DNA Methylation Patterns: Microarray-based Methodologies 431 Analyzing Genome-wide DNA Methylation Patterns: Sequencing-based Methodologies 432 Techniques for Manipulating DNA Methylation 434 Pharmacological Manipulation of DNA Methylation 434 RNA Interference as a DNMT Blockade 434 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 435 References 436 17 Genetics and Neuroepigenetics of Sleep 443Glenda Lassi and Federico Tinarelli Defining Sleep 443 Sleep is Genetically Determined 445 EEG and Heritable Traits 445 Sleep Disorders and Genes 446 Sleep and Gene Expression 447 Epigenetics 448 DNA Methylation 450 Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) 450 RNA interference 452 Neuroepigenetics 453 Two Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Opposing Imprinting Profiles and Opposing Sleep Phenotypes 453 Neuroepigenetics of Sleep 454 Fruit Fly 454 Rodent Models 454 Human Beings 456 Sleep and Parent-of-origin Effects 458 Conclusions 460 References 460 18 Behavioral Phenotyping Using Optogenetic Technology 469Stephen Glasgow, Carolina Gutierrez Herrera, and Antoine Adamantidis Introduction 469 Microbial Opsins 470 Fast Excitation Using Channelrhodopsin-2 and Its Variants 470 Fast Optical Silencing 474 Alternative strategies for cell-type specific modulation of neural activity 476 Targeting systems 476 Light Delivery in the Animal Brain 478 Recording Light-evoked Neuronal Activity 479 Behavioral Phenotyping 479 In-vivo Optogenetics: Defining Circuits 480 Perspectives 484 Acknowledgments 484 References 484 19 Phenotyping Sleep: Beyond EEG 489Sibah Hasan, Russell G. Foster, and Stuart N. Peirson Sleep Research 489 Phenotyping Sleep in Humans 490 Introduction 490 Actigraphy 490 Cardiorespiratory Signals 491 EEG 492 Phenotyping Sleep in Animal Models 494 Introduction 494 EEG 494 Introduction 494 Tethered EEG 496 Telemetered EEG 496 NeuroLogger EEG 498 Beyond EEG 498 Infrared Beam Break 499 Movement Based on Implanted Magnets 499 Piezo-electric Sensors 499 Video Tracking 500 Future Perspectives 501 Acknowledgements 502 References 502 20 A Cognitive Neurogenetics Screening System with a Data-Analysis Toolbox 507C.R. Gallistel, Fuat Balci, David Freestone, Aaron Kheifets, and Adam King Introduction 507 Mechanisms, Not Procedures 508 Functional Specificity 508 No Group Averages 509 Physiologically Meaningful Measures 509 Importance of Large-scale Screening and Minimal Handling 511 Utilizable Archived Data with Intact Data Trails 511 The System 512 The Toolbox 513 Core Commands 516 Powerful Graphics Commands 517 Results 518 Summary 523 References 524 21 Mapping the Connectional Architecture of the Rodent Brain with fMRI 527Adam J. Schwarz and Alessandro Gozzi Introduction 527 MRI Mapping of Functional Connectivity in the Rodent Brain 528 Networks of Functional Covariance 528 Connectivity of Neurotransmitter Systems 529 The Dopaminergic System 529 The Serotonergic System 531 Resting State BOLD fMRI 532 Connectivity Networks of the Rodent Brain 533 Do Rodent Brains have a Default Mode Network? 536 Use of Anesthesia and Other Methodological Considerations 539 Transgenic Models: Genetic Manipulation of Functional Connectivity Patterns 541 Future Perspectives 543 References 545 22 Cutting Edge Approaches for the Identification and the Functional Investigation of miRNAs in Brain Science 553Emanuela de Luca, Federica Marinaro, Francesco Niola, and Davide De Pietri Tonelli Introduction 553 History 553 Biology and Functions in the Brain 553 Identification of Novel MicroRNAs in the Brain 555 miRNA Extraction and Purification 556 miRNA Cloning 556 Computational Identification of Novel miRNAs 557 RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) 558 miRNA expression analysis in the brain 559 miRNA profiling 559 Analysis of miRNA Expression in Tissue 559 Target Identification 560 Computational Identification of Targets 561 Proteomics 561 RISC-associated miRNA Targets 562 RNomics 563 miRNA Manipulation/Target Validation 565 miRNA Inhibition 565 miRNA Over-expression 566 Target Validation 567 New Frontiers in Small RNA-based Technologies to Cure Nervous System Deficits 567 Use of miRNAs in Gene Therapy 567 Use of miRNAs in Gene Therapy in the Brain Requires Improved Delivery Strategies 571 Conclusion and Perspectives 572 Are Circulating miRNAs Novel Biomarkers for Brain Diseases? 572 Use of miRNAs in Cell Reprogramming Technology 573 Are miRNAs Just the “Tip of the Iceberg”? Emerging Classes of Noncoding RNAs and Novel Scenarios 574 Acknowledgments 575 Competing Financial Interests 575 References 575 Index 585

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Book SynopsisThe GnRH Neuron and its Control examines the developmental biology of GnRH neurons including their birth in the nasal placode of the early embryo, perinatal programming, and sexual differentiation, in addition to the hypothalamic mechanisms that control GnRH neurons in adulthood to generate pulsatile and surge modes of GnRH secretion throughout the major life stages including aging. The morphology, electrophysiology, signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulators, and genomics underlying function of the adult GnRH neuron is discussed in detail, as is the neuroendocrinology and cell biology governing the generation of both modes of GnRH release. The book also reviews the neurobiological mechanisms and circuitry responsible for the modulation of the activity of GnRH neurons by season, stress, nutrition, and metabolism, and covers the current and potential therapeutic approaches to regulating GnRH secretion and action. Filled with newly identified research and classical fundaTable of ContentsList of Contributors, vii Series Preface, xi Preface, xiii About the Companion Website, xv PART I Historical Introduction to the GnRH Neuron 1 The Framework Upon Which Current Research on the GnRH Neuron and its Control is Built, 3Tony M. Plant and Allan E. Herbison PART II GnRH Neuron Development 2 Prenatal Development of GnRH Neurons, 15Yufei Shan and Susan Wray 3 Fetal/perinatal Programming Causing Sexual Dimorphism of the Kisspeptin–GnRH Neuronal Network, 43Hiroko Tsukamura, Kei]ichiro Maeda and Yoshihisa Uenoyama 4 Postnatal Development of GnRH Neuronal Function, 61Ei Terasawa PART III GnRH Neuron Biology 5 Regulation of GnRH Gene Expression, 95Hanne M. Hoffmann and Pamela L. Mellon 6 Morphology of the Adult GnRH Neuron, 121Rebecca E. Campbell 7 The Anatomy of the GnRH Neuron Network in the Human, 149Katalin Skrapits and Erik Hrabovszky 8 Electrophysiology of Rodent GnRH Neurons, 177Richard Piet and Allan E. Herbison 9 Anatomy and Physiology of GnRH Neurons and Their Control of Pituitary Function in Fish, 203Yoshitaka Oka PART IV Regulation of GnRH Neuron Function 10 Unveiling the Importance of Glia and Vascular Endothelial Cells in the Control of GnRH Neuronal Function, 227Vincent Prevot and Ariane Sharif 11 Genetic Strategies Examining Kisspeptin Regulation of GnRH Neurons, 259Michael Candlish, Philipp Wartenberg and Ulrich Boehm 12 KNDy Hypothesis for Generation of GnRH Pulses: Evidence from Sheep and Goats, 289Robert L. Goodman, Satoshi Okhura, Hiroaki Okamura, Lique M. Coolen, and Michael N. Lehman 13 Generation of the GnRH Surge and LH Surge by the Positive Feedback Effect of Estrogen, 325Iain Clarke 14 Influence of Stress on the GnRH Neuronal Network, 357Pasha Grachev and Kevin T. O’Byrne 15 Metabolic Regulation of GnRH Neurons, 383Maggie C. Evans and Greg M. Anderson 16 Seasonal Control of the GnRH Neuronal Network as a Means of Uncovering Novel Central Mechanisms Governing Mammalian Reproduction, 411Sébastien Milesi, Paul Klosen and Valerie Simonneaux PART V GnRH in the Clinic 17 Human Genetics of GnRH Neuron Function, 445A. Kemal Topaloglu and L. Damla Kotan 18 Modulators of GnRH Secretion and Therapeutic Applications, 469Claire L. Newton, Ross C. Anderson and Robert P. Millar Index, 499

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Book SynopsisBrown Trout is an iconic species inhabiting a diversity of habitats from mountain streams of transparent waters to lakes and oceans and is sought after by thousands of passionate anglers worldwide. This book summarizes the important aspects of brown trout s biology and ecology.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Foreword xiii Preface xv Malcolm Elliott 1 Introduction 1 Javier Lobón‐cerviá ix Section 1 Phylogeography and Genetic Structure 15 2 Phylogeographic History of Brown Trout: A Review 17 Nuria Sanz 3 Genetics of the Genus Salmo in Italy: Evolutionary History, Population Structure, Molecular Ecology and Conservation 65 Andreas Meraner and Andrea Gandolfi 4 Understanding the Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure in the Iberian Peninsula 103 J.L. García‐Marín, R.M. Araguas, M. Vera, and Nuria Sanz 5 Understanding Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure: A Northern‐European Perspective 127 L. Asbjørn Vøllestad Section 2 Reproductive Traits and Early Ontogeny 145 6 The Velocity of Love. The Role of Female Choice in Salmonine Reproduction 147 Manu Esteve 7 Observations of Male Choice in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from Lar National Park, Iran 165 Manu Esteve, Asghar Abdoli, Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo, Kiavash Golzarianpour, and Amir Abbas Ahmadi 8 Energetic Trade‐Offs Faced by Brown Trout During Ontogeny and Reproduction 179 Ole Kristian Berg and Ian A. Fleming 9 Impact of Embeddedness on Salmo trutta at Different Periods of their Early Ontogenesis 201 V. Bolliet and A. Bardonnet Section 3 Life‐History 227 10 Habitat as Template for Life‐Histories 229 Bror Jonsson and Nina Jonsson 11 Life‐history Plasticity in Anadromous Brown Trout: A Norwegian Perspective 251 Jan Henning L’Abée‐Lund and L. Asbjørn Vøllestad 12 Life‐History of the Adfluvial Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Eastern Fennoscandia 267 A. Huusko, A. Vainikka, J.T. Syrjänen, P. Orell, P. Louhi, and T. Vehanen Section 4 Population Dynamics 297 13 Discharge‐Dependent Recruitment in Stream‐Spawning Brown Trout 299 Javier Lobón‐Cerviá, Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen, and Erik Mortensen 14 Population Dynamics of Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.), Recruitment, Mortality, Biological Production and Smolt Yield in Two Danish Baecks 319 Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen 15 Foraging Behaviour of Brown Trout: A Model Species For Linking Individual Ecology to Population Dynamics? 369 John J. Piccolo and Johan Watz 16 Competition Within and Between Year Classes in Brown Trout; Implications of Habitat Complexity on Habitat Use and Fitness 383 J. Höjesjö 17 Brown Trout on the Move – Migration Ecology and Methodology 401 Kim Aarestrup, Niels Jepsen, and Eva B. Thorstad 18 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta) in Galicia (NW Spain) 445 Pablo Caballero Javierre, Rufino Vieira‐Lanero, and Fernando Cobo Gradín 19 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Denmark 483 Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen and Stig Pedersen Section 5 Brown Trout as a Global Invader 523 20 Brown Trout as an Invader: A Synthesis of Problems and Perspectives in North America 525 Phaedra Budy and Jereme W. Gaeta 21 The Introduction of Brown Trout to New Zealand and their Impact on Native Fish Communities 545 Peter Jones and Gerard Closs 22 The Effects of Brown Trout on the Trophic Webs of New Zealand Streams 569 Phillip G. Jellyman, Peter A. McHugh, Kevin S. Simon, Ross M. Thompson, and Angus R. McIntosh 23 Brown Trout in Argentina: History, Interactions and Perspectives 599 Miguel A. Casalinuovo, Marcelo F. Alonso, Patricio J. Macchi , and Jorge A. Kuroda 24 Africa: Brown Trout Introductions, Establishment, Current Status, Impacts and Conflicts 623 Olaf L.F. Weyl, Bruce R. Ellender, Phillip Ivey, Michelle C. Jackson, Denis Tweddle, Ryan J. Wasserman, Darragh J. Woodford, and Tsungai A. Zengeya Section 6 Conservation and Management 641 25 Why Conserve Native Brown Trout? 643 John J. Piccolo, Günther Unfer, and Javier Lobón‐Cerviá 26 Fisheries Management of Stream‐Resident Brown Trout Populations – Possibilities and Restrictions 649 Günther Unfer and Kurt Pinter 27 Ecology and Management of Stream‐Resident Brown Trout in Michigan (USA) 667 Troy G. Zorn 28 History, Conservation and Management of Adfluvial Brown Trout Stocks in Finland 697 J.T. Syrjänen, A. Vainikka, P. Louhi, A. Huusko, P. Orell, and T. Vehanen 29 Brown Trout Management for the 21st Century 735 Kyle A. Young, P. Gaskell, T. Jacklin, and J.E. Williams Index 771

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Book SynopsisA Practical Guide to the Histology of the Mouse provides a full-colour atlas of mouse histology. Mouse models of disease are used extensively in biomedical research with many hundreds of new models being generated each year. Complete phenotypic analysis of all of these models can benefit from histologic review of the tissues.Trade Review“Overall this is a clearly written and well illustrated guide to the histology of the mouse, but also goes a step further by providing information on selected techniques, background pathology, potential artefacts and additional procedures associated with the examination of this commonly used laboratory species. It should prove a useful reference for any scientist examining mice as part of their work or research.” (BTS News, 1 September 2014) “The hardcover earns a recommendation as a practical addition to a reference library through the text’s succinct coverage of a complex topic to illustrate the basic histopathology of the mouse.” (Veterinary Pathology, 31 October 2014) Table of ContentsList of contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xiii About the companion website xv Chapter 1 Necropsy of the mouse 1 Lorna Rasmussen and Elizabeth McInnes 1.1 Recording of findings 2 1.2 Bleeding technique 3 1.3 Perfusion 3 1.4 External examination 4 1.5 Weighing of organs 6 1.6 Positioning of mouse for necropsy and removing the skin 6 1.7 Opening the abdominal cavity and exposing organs 9 1.8 Removing the ribcage to expose lungs and heart 17 1.9 Removing the brain and spinal cord 20 1.10 Collecting and fixing tissue samples 22 References 22 Chapter 2 Practical approaches to reviewing and recording pathology data 25 Cheryl L. Scudamore 2.1 Sample selection and trimming patterns 26 2.2 Controls 28 2.3 Standardizing terminology 28 2.4 Microscopic terminology 30 2.5 Recording pathology data 33 2.6 Quantitative versus semiquantitative analysis 35 2.7 Semiquantitative techniques 37 2.8 Quantitative techniques 38 References 40 Chapter 3 Gastrointestinal system 43 Cheryl L. Scudamore 3.1 Background and development 43 3.2 Oral cavity 43 3.3 Salivary glands 46 3.4 Stomach and intestines 48 3.5 Liver 56 3.6 Pancreas 59 References 61 Chapter 4 Cardiovascular system 63 Cheryl L. Scudamore 4.1 Background and development 63 4.2 Sampling techniques and morphometry 63 4.3 Artefacts 65 4.4 Anatomy and histology of the heart 67 4.5 Anatomy and histology of the blood vessels 69 References 72 Chapter 5 Urinary system 75 Elizabeth McInnes 5.1 Background and development 75 5.2 Sampling techniques 76 5.3 Artefacts 76 5.4 Background lesions 77 5.5 Anatomy and histology 79 References 85 Chapter 6 Reproductive system 87 Cheryl L. Scudamore 6.1 Background and development of the male and female reproductive tract 87 6.2 Female reproductive tract 88 6.3 Male reproductive tract 97 References 105 Chapter 7 Endocrine system 109 Ian Taylor 7.1 Introduction 109 7.2 Adrenals 109 7.3 Pituitary 114 7.4 Thyroids and parathyroids 117 References 121 Chapter 8 Nervous system 123 Aude Roulois 8.1 Introduction 123 8.2 Necropsy 123 8.3 Fixation/perfusion 126 8.4 Trimming 131 8.5 Special stains and techniques 133 8.6 Microscopic examination 137 8.7 Normal histology-juvenile – CNS and PNS 137 8.8 Artefacts – CNS and PNS 141 8.9 Pathological changes and background pathology – CNS and PNS 142 8.10 Acknowledgment 146 References 146 Useful website resources 148 Chapter 9 Lymphoid and haematopoietic system 149 Ian Taylor 9.1 Introduction 149 9.2 Lymph nodes 150 9.3 Spleen 156 9.4 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) 160 9.5 Thymus 161 9.6 Bone marrow 164 References 166 Chapter 10 Integument and adipose tissue 169 Cheryl L. Scudamore 10.1 Background and development 169 10.2 Sampling technique 170 10.3 Anatomy and histology 171 References 177 Chapter 11 The respiratory system 179 Elizabeth McInnes 11.1 Background and development 179 11.2 Embryology 179 11.3 Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system 180 11.4 Upper respiratory tract 180 11.5 Lower respiratory tract 189 References 193 Chapter 12 Special senses 195 Cheryl L. Scudamore 12.1 Background and development 195 12.2 Sampling technique for the eye 195 12.3 Artefacts 197 12.4 Anatomy and histology of the eye and associated glands 199 12.5 Background and development of the ear 204 12.6 Sampling technique for the ear and associated structures 205 12.7 Anatomy and histology of the ear and associated glands 206 References 209 Chapter 13 Musculoskeletal system 211 Cheryl L. Scudamore 13.1 Background and development 211 13.2 Sampling techniques 211 13.3 Anatomy and histology 212 References 218 Index 221

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Book Synopsis* Published as part of the prestigious Wiley-Blackwell UFAW Animal Welfare series. * A complete and balanced overview of the issues surrounding the use of animals in scientific research, with a focus on animal welfare implications and ethics of animals in research.Trade Review“To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare. It is a good read.” (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 May 2015) “This book is geared toward members of institutional animal care and use committees, researchers, and veterinarians and is a practical guide for discussions pertaining to the welfare of animals used in research.” (JAVMA, 15 December 2014) “To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare. It is a good read.” (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 October 2014) “Overall, the factual description of how animals are used in research balanced by the author’s personal experiences and perspective makes this book highly readable. ‘The Welfare of Animals used in Research’ is a great addition, which will be essential reading for those working with laboratory animals and of general interest to those new to the field.” (Veterinary Record, 12 July 2014)"Overall, this book is a welcome arrival to a debate that is too often split between misrepresentative arguments recycled from activist websites on one side and defensive responses dumbing down the complexity of scientific discovery on the other. I recommend it to anyone who believes the debate over animal research is of sufficient importance to be worth being well-informed." (Australian Veterinary Journal, 7 July 2016)Table of ContentsForeword vii Preface ix Dedication and Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reasons for Using Animals in Research 1 1.2 Where Animal Research is Carried Out 3 1.3 Numbers of Animals Used 4 1.4 Harmful and Harmless Research 6 1.5 How Much Suffering is Caused by Research? 7 1.6 Attitudes to Animal Experimentation 9 1.7 The Moral Imperative 18 1.8 Trust in the System 22 2 The Use of Legislative and Other Controls on Animal Research to Meet Public Expectations and Improve Animal Welfare 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Levels of Control 29 2.3 Scope of Controls 37 2.4 Systems for Ethical Review and Authorisation 42 2.5 Performance and Engineering Standards 45 2.6 Roles and Responsibility 50 2.7 Legislation and Licences 51 2.8 Enforcement and Failure to Comply 52 3 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Philosophy and Science 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Making a Distinction 59 3.3 Animal Welfare Science 63 3.4 Funding and Promoting Animal Welfare Research 85 3.5 The Benefits of Animal Welfare Science 86 4 Species Choice and Animal Welfare 88 4.1 Introduction 88 4.2 Consciousness/Sentience: Evidence for Protecting Particular Taxa 89 4.3 Are Some Species Capable of Suffering More Than Others? Neurological Complexity and Capacity to Suffer 104 4.4 Beastly Bias in Practice 108 4.5 An Evolutionary Approach to Assessing Suffering 120 5 The Harm–Benefit Judgement 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Who Should Be Involved? 126 5.3 Factors To Be Considered in Harm–Benefit Decisions 129 5.4 Decision Tools 154 5.5 The Requirement for Ethical Review 157 6 Improving the Welfare of Animals Used in Research: The 3Rs 159 6.1 Introduction: The Origins of the 3Rs 159 6.2 Replacement 163 6.3 Reduction 169 6.4 Refinement 175 6.5 Conflicts Between the 3Rs 201 6.6 Training 202 6.7 Sources of Information on the 3Rs 203 7 Science and Animal Welfare: A Partnership 205 7.1 Replacement Methods: Scientific and Other Advantages 205 7.2 Reduction: Scientific and Other Advantages 209 7.3 Refinement: Scientific and Other Advantages 210 7.4 Changes in Laboratory Animal Science and Challenges for the Future? 219 7.5 Maintaining the Momentum 223 7.6 Conclusion 224 References 226 Glossary 259 Index 262

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Book SynopsisThe conservation of vertebrate populations is a large component of many conservation projects and courses. This book offers a readable and comprehensive guide to conservation study techniques including the use of computer models, data analysis and study design, population monitoring, and decision making.Trade Review"Overall, this would be a plausible book for an upper-division course in which students would learn, rather painlessly, the necessary combination of observation and mathematics necessary to make important conservation decisions." (CHOICE, December 2009) Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgements ix Companion website and CD-ROM x 1 Introduction: the role of science in conservation 1 Part I Basic concepts in scientific investigations for conservation 7 2 Using models in conservation biology 9 3 Models of population dynamics 15 4 Applying population models to conservation 32 5 Basics of study design and analysis 47 Part II Conservation studies and monitoring programs 71 6 General principles of estimation 73 7 Occupancy (presence–absence) analysis 81 8 Sample counts for abundance estimation 101 9 Distance sampling for estimating density and abundance 115 10 Capture–mark–recapture studies for estimating abundance and density 135 11 Estimation of survival from radiotelemetry, nesting success studies, and age distributions 160 12 Mark–recapture for estimating survival, recruitment, abundance, and movement rates 189 13 Analysis of habitat 219 14 Estimation of species richness and other community parameters 230 Part III Integrating modeling and monitoring for conservation 251 15 Elements of conservation decision making 253 16 Accounting for uncertainty in conservation decisions 265 17 Learning and adaptive management 274 18 Case study: decision modeling and adaptive management for declining grassland birds in the southeastern USA 289 19 Summary and recommendations 303 Literature cited 307 Glossary 314 Appendix A: Statistical and modeling programs available on the worldwide web 324 Appendix B: Other internet resources 326 Appendix C: Modeling and statistical notation 328 Appendix D: Key to abundance and parameter estimation 331 Index 337

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Book SynopsisThe Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive.Trade Review"This is undoubtedly the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of Atlantic salmon ecology for several decades and I would recommend it to any with an interest in the subject. I expect this will be the authoritative text on the subject, probably for the next two decades." (Journal of Fish Biology, 2011) "As can be seen from this brief review of the contents, this book is a very comprehensive review of the ecology of Atlantic salmon and should be read by all those involved in salmon research, conservation and management." (Freshwater Biological Association, 2011) "The editors (of the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Norwegian U. of Science and Technology, Norwegian College of Fisheries Science at the U. of Tromso, and Oslo U. College, all in Norway) present a text aiming to provide a comprehensive treatment of the ecology of the Atlantic salmon." (SciTech Book News, December 2010)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface and acknowledgements. Reviewers. Contributors. Glossary. 1 Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon. Eva B. Thorstad, Fred Whoriskey, Audun H. Rikardsen & Kim Aarestrup 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Atlantic salmon life cycle. 1.3 Geographic distribution. 1.4 Smolt and post-smolt migration – from juvenile life in the river to feeding in the ocean. 1.4.1 Downriver smolt migration. 1.4.2 Marine post-smolt migration. 1.5 Spawning migration – from feeding in the ocean to spawning in the river. 1.5.1 Returning from ocean feeding grounds and entering the rivers. 1.5.2 Upstream river migration. 1.5.3 Factors affecting the upstream river migration. 1.6 Kelt migration – after spawning and during outward migration. 1.7 Homing and orientation mechanisms. 1.8 Conclusion and future research needs. References. 2 Reproductive Ecology: A Tale of Two Sexes. Ian A. Fleming & Sigurd Einum 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Reproductive strategies: age and size at maturity. 2.2.1 Among populations. 2.2.2 Within populations and the evolution of alternative reproductive phenotypes. 2.2.3 Anadromous and resident phenotypes. 2.3 Reproductive investment. 2.3.1 Differences between the sexes. 2.3.2 Differences between reproductive phenotypes. 2.3.3 Survival costs. 2.4 Breeding behaviour and success. 2.4.1 Females. 2.4.2 Anadromous males. 2.4.3 Mature male parr. 2.5 Reproductive success through effects on the next generation. 2.5.1 Egg and larvae development. 2.6 Maternal influences on offspring. 2.6.1 Egg size. 2.6.2 Spawning time. 2.6.3 Spawning location and consequences for population productivity. References. 3 Freshwater Habitat Requirements of Atlantic Salmon. Anders G. Finstad, John D. Armstrong & Keith H. Nislow 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The fundamental niche and freshwater habitat requirements. 3.2.1 Scope for growth. 3.2.2 Trading off growth and survival. 3.3 Realised niche and observed habitat use. 3.4 Large-scale determinants of Atlantic salmon habitat. 3.5 Managing Atlantic salmon freshwater habitats. 3.5.1 General principles. 3.5.2 Optimum habitat-production landscapes. 3.5.3 Management strategies. 3.5.4 Reference conditions and habitat management. 3.5.5 The future. References. 4 The When, What and Where of Freshwater Feeding. Morten Johansen, Jaakko Erkinaro & Per-Arne Amundsen 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Diet selectivity. 4.3 Drift vs. benthic feeding. 4.4 Ontogenetic changes in diet. 4.4.1 Fry. 4.4.2 Parr. 4.4.3 Smolt. 4.4.4 Adults. 4.5 Temporal feeding patterns. 4.5.1 Day vs. night. 4.5.2 Season. 4.6 Spatial feeding patterns. 4.6.1 Microhabitat scale. 4.6.2 Mesohabitat scale. 4.6.3 Habitat scale. 4.7 Interspecific food resource partitioning. 4.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives. References. 5 Dietary Life-Support: The Food and Feeding of Atlantic Salmon at Sea. Audun H. Rikardsen & J. Brian Dempson 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Post-smolt nearshore feeding. 5.2.1 Geographical and annual differences. 5.3 Open ocean feeding of post-smolts. 5.3.1 Post-smolt diet in the open ocean. 5.4 Open ocean feeding of pre-adults and adult pre-spawning salmon. 5.4.1 Northwest Atlantic Ocean. 5.4.2 Northeast Atlantic Ocean. 5.5 Summary and conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 The Behavioural Flexibility of Salmon Growth. Torbjørn Forseth, Benjamin H. Letcher & Morten Johansen 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Patterns of Atlantic salmon growth. 6.3 Environmental sources of growth variation. 6.3.1 Abiotic factors. 6.3.2 Biotic factors. 6.4 Maternal sources of growth variation. 6.5 Genetic sources of growth variation. 6.6 Constraints to growth. 6.7 Growth modelling. 6.7.1 Laboratory models. 6.7.2 Field-based models. 6.8 Perspectives for management. References. 7 The Role of Competition in the Ecology of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Keith H. Nislow, John D. Armstrong & James W. A. Grant 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Intraspecific competition. 7.2.1 Intracohort interactions. 7.2.2 Intercohort competition. 7.2.3 Competition among wild and farmed Atlantic salmon. 7.3 Interspecific competition. 7.3.1. Species assemblages in Atlantic salmon rivers. 7.3.2 Competitors other than fish. 7.3.3 Non-salmonid fishes as competitors. 7.3.4 Competition with other salmonid species. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Predation: Compensation and Context Dependence. Darren M. Ward & Nils A. Hvidsten 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Major salmon predators. 8.2.1 Eggs. 8.2.2 Fry. 8.2.3 Parr. 8.2.4 Smolts. 8.2.5 Post-smolts in estuaries. 8.2.6 Post-smolts at sea. 8.2.7 Adults. 8.3 Conceptual models of predation. 8.3.1 Additive and compensatory mortality. 8.3.2 Functional response. 8.3.3 Predator abundance. 8.3.4 Trait-mediated effects. 8.3.5 Implications of predation for salmon populations. 8.3.6 Predator control. 8.4 Conclusions. References. 9 The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons from. Gyrodactylus salaris. Phil D. Harris, Lutz Bachmann & Tor A. Bakke 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The parasite community of Atlantic salmon. 9.2.1 The parasite community of freshwater immature stages. 9.2.2 The parasite community of salmon in the sea. 9.2.3 The parasite community in adult fish returning to fresh water. 9.3. G... salaris. and the epidemiological triangle. 9.3.1. G. salaris: ‘The Russian doll killer’. 9.3.2 The agent: pathogenic or benign? Taxonomic issues surrounding. G. salaris. 9.3.3 The physicochemical environment: The role of environment in shaping infection outcomes. 9.4 Managing disease in wild salmonid populations. References. 10 The Effect of Sea Lice on Atlantic Salmon and other Salmonid Species. Bengt Finstad, Pål A. Bjørn, Christopher D. Todd, Fred Whoriskey, Patrick G. Gargan, Gregory Forde & Crawford W. Revie 10.1 Introduction. 10.1.1 Sea lice biology. 10.1.2 General effects of sea lice on fish physiology. 10.1.3 General effects of sea lice on fish populations. 10.2 The sea lice story from Norway. 10.2.1 Historical data. 10.2.2 Infestation levels of Atlantic salmon post-smolts. 10.2.3 Sea lice effects on Atlantic salmon – adult returns. 10.3 The sea lice story from Canada. 10.3.1 Historical data. 10.3.2 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon – east coast. 10.3.3 Effects of sea lice on salmonids – west coast. 10.4 The sea lice story from Ireland. 10.4.1 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon. 10.4.2 Effects of sea lice on sea trout. 10.5 The sea lice story from Scotland. 10.5.1 Historical data. 10.5.2 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon. 10.6 Management. 10.6.1 Sea lice management in Norway. 10.6.2 Sea lice management in Canada. 10.6.3 Sea lice management in Ireland. 10.6.4 Sea lice management in Scotland. 10.7 Concluding remarks. References. 11 Variation in Population Size through Time and Space: Theory and Recent Empirical Advances from Atlantic Salmon. Sigurd Einum & Keith H. Nislow 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Temporal variation in Atlantic salmon abundance. 11.2.1 Density dependence vs. density independence. 11.2.2 Empirical evidence for density dependence in Atlantic salmon. 11.3 Environmental influences on population dynamics. 11.4 Density dependence throughout the juvenile stage. 11.5 Spatial aspects of density dependence. References. 12 Stock, Recruitment and Exploitation. Kjetil Hindar, Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Ola H. Diserud & Peder Fiske 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 State of Atlantic salmon populations. 12.2.1 Migratory populations. 12.2.2 Non-migratory populations. 12.3 Stock and recruitment in Atlantic salmon populations. 12.3.1 Spatial variation in stock and recruitment relationships. 12.3.2 Temporal variation in SR relationships. 12.4 Spawning targets: from single populations to nation-wide levels. 12.4.1 Methodology – transfer from data-rich to data-poor rivers. 12.4.2 Spawning targets for North America. 12.4.3 Spawning targets for Europe. 12.4.4 Spawning target uncertainties. 12.5 Exploitation. 12.5.1 History of exploitation. 12.5.2 Exploitation rates. 12.5.3 Composition of catches. 12.6 Evolutionary and ecological effects of fishing. 12.7 Management implications. References. 13 Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon. Ola Ugedal & Anders G. Finstad 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The multiple spatial scales of freshwater productivity. 13.2.1 Global and regional scales. 13.2.2 Catchment and reach scales. 13.3 Land use and Atlantic salmon. 13.3.1 Global trends. 13.3.2 Catchment effects. 13.4 Concluding remarks. References. 14 Hydropower Development – Ecological Effects. Bjørn Ove Johnsen, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv, Lars Asplin, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Tor F. Næsje, Bjørn Olav Rosseland, Svein Jakob Saltveit & Arve Tvede 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Changes in physical, chemical, hydrological and biologicalfactors in rivers and fjord systems as a consequence of hydropower development. 14.2.1 River systems. 14.2.2 Fjord systems. 14.3 Changes in survival, growth, migration and production of salmon in rivers and fjords. 14.3.1 Rivers. 14.3.2 Fjord systems. 14.4 Measures to compensate for negative effects of hydropower development. 14.4.1 Use of biological and physical measures. 14.5 Conclusion. References. 15 Lessons from Acidification and Pesticides. Bjørn Olav Rosseland & Frode Kroglund 15.1 General water quality of Atlantic salmon rivers. 15.2 Major classes of pollutants. 15.3 Acidification. 15.4 Pesticides and Atlantic salmon. 15.5 Conclusion. References. 16 Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments. Christopher D. Todd, Kevin D. Friedland, Julian C. MacLean, Neil Hazon & Arne J. Jensen 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Past and present climate for Atlantic salmon. 16.3 Upstream river migration and spawning. 16.4 Eggs and alevins. 16.5 Parr life. 16.6 Smolt migration. 16.7 Geographical distribution and recent trends in adult stock abundance. 16.8 Ocean climate influences on run-timing and adult abundance/recruitment. 16.9 Migration, diurnal behaviour and changes in the epipelagic food web. 16.10 Do changes in North Atlantic zooplankton communities comprise regime shifts?. 16.11 Change in size and growth in the marine environment. 16.12 Adult somatic condition and lipid reserves: indicators of ocean climate deterioration?. 16.13 Maturity schedules. 16.14 Large-scale indicator indices of ocean climate change and impacts on salmon. 16.15 Management issues and responses to changes in ocean climate. References. 17 Salmon Ecological Research and Conservation. Øystein Aas, David Policansky, Sigurd Einum & Jostein Skurdal 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Ecological research that contributes to conservation. 17.3 Environment, genetics, and changes in life-history. 17.4 Enhanced cooperation. 17.5 Multidisciplinary science. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisFish Pathology is the definitive, classic and essential book on the subject, providing in-depth coverage across all major aspects of fish pathology. This new, fully updated and expanded fourth edition builds upon the success of the previous editions which have made Fish Pathology the best known and most respected book in the field, worldwide.Commencing with a chapter covering the aquatic environment, the book provides comprehensive details of the anatomy and physiology of teleosts, pathophysiology and sytematic physiology, immunology, neoplasia, virology, parasitology, bacteriology, mycology, nutritional pathology and other non-infectious diseases. A final chapter provides extremely useful details of the most widely-used and trusted laboratory methods in the area. Much new infomation is included in this new edition, including enhanced coverage of any diseases which have become commercially significant since publication of the previous edition Beautifully illustTrade Review“Overall, the Editor did very well to incorporate the wealth, depth and breadth of information that is now available on fish pathology. It is an invaluable reference for all fish veterinarians, veterinary pathologists and aquatic paraprofessionals .” (Journal of Fish Diseases, 1 May 2013)Table of ContentsContributors Preface 1 The Aquatic Environment R.J. Roberts 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of Teleosts R.J. Roberts and A.E. Ellis 3 The Pathophysiology and Systematic Pathology of Teleosts R.J. Roberts and H.D. Rodger 4 The Immunology of Teleosts C.J. Secombes and A.E. Ellis 5 Neoplasia of Teleosts R.J. Roberts 6 The Virology of Teleosts D.A. Smail and E.S. Munro 7 The Parasitology of Teleosts R. Wootten 8 The Bacteriology of Teleosts R.J. Roberts 9 The Mycology of Teleosts R.J. Roberts 10 The Nutritional Pathology of Teleosts R.W. Hardy 11 Miscellaneous Non-infectious Diseases R.J. Roberts 12 Laboratory Methods R.J. Roberts, D.A. Smail and E.S. Munro References Fish Species Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisPart A Propagation of Sound.- Part B Physical and Nonlinear Acoustics.- Part C Architectural Acoustics.- Part D Hearing and Signal Processing.- Part E Music, Speech, Electroacoustics.- Part F Biological and Medical Acoustics.- Part G Structural Acoustics and Noise.- Part H Engineering Acoustics.- Acknowledgements.- About the Authors.- Subject Index.   Trade Review Table of ContentsChap. 1 Introduction to Acoustics (Thomas D. Rossing)Part A Propagation of Sound Chap. 2 A Brief History of Acoustics (Thomas D. Rossing)Chap. 3 Basic Linear Acoustics (Alan D. Pierce)Chap. 4 Sound Propagation in the Atmosphere ( Keith Attenborough)Chap. 5 Underwater Acoustics (William A. Kuperman, Philippe Roux)Part B Physical and Nonlinear Acoustics Chap. 6 Physical Acoustics (Mack A. Breazeale +, Michael McPherson)Chap. 7 Thermoacoustics (Gregory W. Swift)Chap. 8 Nonlinear Acoustics in Fluids (Werner Lauterborn, Thomas Kurz, Iskander Akhatov)Part C Architectural Acoustics Chap. 9 Acoustics in Halls for Speech and Music (Anders C. Gade)Chap. 10 Concert Hall Acoustics Based on Subjective Preference Theory (Yoichi Ando)Chap. 11 Building Acoustics (James Cowan)Part D Hearing and Signal Processing Chap. 12 Physiological Acoustics (Eric D. Young)Chap. 13 Psychoacoustics (Brian C.J. Moore)Chap. 14 Signal Processing (William M. Hartmann, James V. Candy)Part E Music, Speech, Electroacoustics Chap. 15 Musical Acoustics (Colin Gough)Chap. 16 The Human Voice in Speech and Singing (Björn Lindblom, Johan Sundberg)Chap. 17 Computer Music (Perry R. Cook)Chap. 18 Audio and Electroacoustics (Mark F. Davis)Part F Biological and Medical Acoustics Chap. 19 Animal Bioacoustics (Neville H. Fletcher)Chap. 20 Cetacean Acoustics (Whitlow W.L. Au, Marc O. Lammers)Chap. 21 Medical Acoustics (Kirk W. Beach, Barbrina Dunmire)Part G Structural Acoustics and Noise Chap. 22 Structural Acoustics and Vibrations (Antoine Chaigne)Chap. 23 Noise (George C. Maling, Jr.)Part H Engineering Acoustics Chap. 24 Microphones and Their Calibration (George S.K. Wong)Chap. 25 Sound Intensity (Finn Jacobsen)Chap. 26 Acoustic Holography (Yang-Hann Kim)Chap. 27 Optical Methods for Acoustics and Vibration Measurements (Nils-Erik Molin)Chap. 28 Modal Analysis (Thomas D. Rossing)Chap. 29 Microphone Arrays (Rolf Bader)Chap. 30 Acoustic Emission (Kanji Ono)Acknowledgements.- About the Authors.- Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisFossils are the fragments from which, piece by laborious piece, the great mosaic of the history of life has been constructed. Here and there, we can supplement these meager scraps by the use of biochemical markers or geochemical signatures that add useful information, but, even with such additional help, our reconstructions and our models of descent are often tentative. For the fossil record is, as we have seen, as biased as it is incomplete. But fragmentary, selective, and biased though it is, the fossil record, with all its imperfections, is still a treasure. Though whole chapters are missing, many pages lost, and the earliest pages so damaged as to be, as yet, virtually unreadable, thisthe greatest biography of allis one in whose closing pages we find ourselves.from OriginsIn Origins, Frank H. T. Rhodes explores the origin and evolution of living things, the changing environments in which they have developed, and the challenges we now face on an increasingly Trade Review"In Origins, an overview of the history of life on Earth for the nonspecialist reader, Frank H. T. Rhodes starts with origins and traces a winding path to human evolution. This book is a highly readable treatment of an important and interesting topic." -- Michael Foote, University of Chicago"In this compact and elegant volume, Frank H. T. Rhodes does far more than beautifully updating his classic 1962 book The Evolution of Life. He provides a new narrative of the history of life on Earth for a new set of generations. He covers familiar territory with a fresh and lyrical prose that reveals new insights into both species past and present and the people who have studied them. This is a perfect introduction by a virtuoso." -- Warren D. Allmon, Director, Paleontological Research InstitutionTable of Contents1. Defrosting the Mammoth 2. Terrestrial Timepieces 3. "From So Simple a Beginning" 4. Classification: The Diversity of Life 5. Spineless Wonders 6. Bone, Scales, and Fins: The Early Vertebrates 7. The Greening of the Land 8. The Amphibian Foothold 9. The Reign of the Reptiles 10. The Air 11. The Blossoming Earth 12. The Rise of the Mammals 13. The Mammalian Explosion 14. The Leakeys' Legacy 15. "Endless Forms, Most Beautiful and Most Wonderful" 16. On Extinction 17. "Have Been and Are Being Evolved": The Development of Life Epilogue

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Book SynopsisMexico is the fourteenth largest country in the world and ranks fifth in biodiversity. Located in the transition zone between the temperate and tropical regions of North and South America, Mexico is an important migratory corridor for wildlife and also provides wintering habitat for several species of bats, monarch butterflies, and temperate North American nesting birds. Mexico faces several challenges to wildlife management and conservation efforts. While there is increased public education and acknowledgment of the valuable benefits wildlife provides, there is still much work to do to incentivize conservation efforts. Fortunately, there is growing recognition that Mexico's wildlife resources can be a critical component in the rural economic development of the country. Bringing together an international team of wildlife experts across North America, Wildlife Ecology and Management in Mexico provides information on the status, distribution, ecological relationships, and habitat requirements and management of the most important game birds and mammals in Mexico. It also reviews current threats and challenges facing wildlife conservation as well as strategies for resolving these issues. This reference is a valuable tool for wildlife biologists, wildlife management professionals, and anyone interested in conserving Mexico's wealth of natural resources. By laying out the challenges to conservation research, editors Raul Valdez and J. Alfonso Ortega-S. hope to encourage interdisciplinary communication and collaboration across borders.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Fishes of Arkansas, in development for more than a decade, is an extensive revision and expansion of the first edition, including reclassifications, taxonomic changes, and descriptions of more than thirty new species. An invaluable reference for anyone interested in the state's fish population-from professional ichthyologists, fisheries biologists, and managers of aquatic resources, to amateur naturalists and anglers-this new edition provides updated taxonomic keys as well as detailed descriptions, photographs, and line drawings to aid identification of the state's 241 fish species. There is also much information on the distribution and biology of each species, including descriptions of habitat, foods eaten, reproductive biology, and conservation status.This project and the preparation of this publication was funded in part by a grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.

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Book SynopsisBefore Steve Irwin, Alby Mangels, the Leyland Brothers and Harry Butler there was Eric Worrell. This book traces the life and times of Worrell, the original reptile danger man and naturalist, and the iconic tourist attraction he established on the NSW Central Coast in 1959, The Australian Reptile Park. With the assistance of a committed team of keepers, Worrell created the country's pre-eminent reptile collection at the park, as well as being the main provider of snake and funnel web spider venom for the Commonwealth Serum Laboratory. Based on extensive interviews with staff and supporters, Snake-bitten is the intriguing story of the larger-than-life Eric Worrell and the Australian Reptile Park, which continues to be a leader in wildlife tourism, conservation, education and research.

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Book SynopsisWe have heard the phrase "master of disguise" right from childhood. While we disguise or camouflage our "emotions" or "scars", plants and animals camouflage themselves for protection. This book is a concise presentation of camouflage encompassing the plant, animal, and human worlds. Plants were initially considered defenseless and senseless creatures. However, certain examples of mottled leaves called disruptive coloration prevent easy recognition by color blind herbivores. This book is a concise presentation of camouflage encompassing the plant, animal, and human worlds. Plants were initially considered defenseless and senseless creatures. However, certain examples of mottled leaves called disruptive coloration prevent easy recognition by color blind herbivores. Similarly, several examples of camouflage in the animal kingdom have been discussed to gain a snapshot of this interesting aspect of biology.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the processes that change the shape and composition of farm animals is fundamental to all aspects of production. Showing the progression from cell to tissue to entire animal, this comprehensive textbook provides an essential broad base for animal production, with key information on how animals grow and change in shape and composition, and factors that affect these processes. Illustrated with new photographs and focus boxes highlighting vital points, this updated third edition includes a new chapter on avian growth, an important source of protein for the expanding population. Providing a thorough, yet student-friendly approach to the subject, this book continues to fill the important role of helping readers to understand how the basics of growth must be thoroughly understood if farm animals are to be used efficiently and humanely in producing food for mankind.Table of Contents1: General Aspects of Growth 2: Cells 3: Principles of Cell Growth 4: Tissues: Basic Structure and Growth 5: Tissues: Growth and Structure Relative to Product Value for Human Consumption 6: Mammary Gland Growth and Product Yield 7: Hormonal Influences on Growth 8: Genetic Influences on Growth 9: The Immune System and Growth 10: Gametes, Fertilization and Embryonic Growth in Mammals 11: Prenatal and Postnatal Growth in Mammals 12: Growth of Avian Species 13: Efficiency and Growth 14: Compensatory Growth 15: Growth and Puberty in Breeding Animals 16: Measuring and Predicting Growth and Body Composition in the Live Animal 17: Measurements on the Carcass 18: 'Growth Promoters', Performance Enhancers, Feed Additives and Alternative Approaches 19: The Future

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Book SynopsisAnimal Science Reviews 2012 provides scientists and students with analysis of key topics in current research including breeding, animal behaviour, zoonotic diseases and environment. Experts such as Mike Stear, James France, Phillip Klesius and Frederick Silversides give essential overviews of their fields. Originally published online in CAB Reviews, this volume makes available in printed form the reviews in animal science published during 2012.Table of Contents1: Breeding for disease resistance in livestock and fish 2: Cryptosporidium and Giardia zoonoses: minimizing health risks from food animal production 3: Livestock infectious disease and climate change: a review of selected literature 4: Intensification of animal production from grassland and ecosystem services: a trade-off 5: A review of the structure and regulation of the laying hen’s reproductive system and the interaction between the stress and reproductive axes 6: Communicable diseases and the human–animal relationship – Mini Review 7: Analysing the genetic basis of milk production traits 8: Environmental enrichment and practical applications for welfare in production agriculture 9: Selection of growth functions for describing length-at-age relationships in fish species displaying different life history traits: unexpected alternatives to the von Bertalanffy equation and advantages of a pluralistic statistical approach 10: The function, social implications and management of barking in dogs 11: High-affinity and -specificity, bacteriophage-based technologies: beyond phage therapy – Mini Review 12: Issues and possible intervention strategies relating to early weaning of piglets 13: Major bacterial diseases in aquaculture and their vaccine development 14: Intensive versus extensive management systems in commercial egg production 15: Lamb mulesing: impact on welfare and alternatives 16: Laminitis in horses 17: A review of innate immune functions in crocodilians 18: Novel techniques for preserving genetic diversity in poultry germplasm 19: Recombinant vaccines and infectious bursal disease virus 20: Fish frauds: the DNA challenge

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Book SynopsisSentience – the ability to feel, perceive and experience – is central to the animal welfare debate as it raises the question of whether animals experience suffering in life and death. This book explores and answers these questions in an objective way, based on the latest research and empirical evidence. Beginning with an introduction to sentience, the book investigates why we are so interested in sentience, when, as a species, humans became sentient and how it has changed over time. The book defines aspects of sentience such as consciousness, memory and emotions, and discusses brain complexity in detail. Looking at sentience from a developmental perspective, it analyses when in an individual’s growth sentience can be said to appear and uses evidence from a range of studies investigating embryos, foetuses and young animals to form an enlightening overview of the subject. With a full chapter covering ethical decisions such as animal protection and experimentation, this book is not only an invaluable resource for researchers and students of animal welfare and biology, but also an engaging and informative read for veterinarians and the general public.Table of ContentsI: Preface 1: The Qualities That Make Up Sentience 2: Ethics, Morality and Attitudes 3: Animal Welfare Science: History and Concepts 4: Brain Complexity and Cognitive Ability 5: Feelings and Emotions 6: Awareness and Consciousness 7: Motivation and Needs 8: Welfare Assessment 9: Sentience During Development, Brain Damage and Old Age 10: Ethical Decisions About Humans and Non-humans 11: Sustainability, Welfare Attitudes and Education

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Book SynopsisIn a changing climate, livestock production is expected to exhibit dual roles of mitigation and adaptation in order to meet the challenge of food security. This book approaches the issues of livestock production and climate change through three sections: I. Livestock production, II. Climate change and, III. Enteric methane amelioration. Section I addresses issues of feed quality and availability, abiotic stress (heat and nutritional) and strategies for alleviation, livestock generated nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, and approaches for harnessing the complex gut microbial diversity. Section II discusses the effects of climate change on livestock diversity, farm animal reproduction, impact of meat production on climate change, and emphasising the role of indigenous livestock in climatic change to sustain production. Section III deals with the most recent approaches to amelioration of livestock methane such as breeding for low methane emissions, reductive acetogenesis, immunization/vaccine-based concepts and archaea phage therapy.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1: Overview SECTION I: Livestock production CHAPTER 2: Feed Resources vis-à-vis Livestock and Fish Productivity In Changing Climate CHAPTER 3: Strategies for Alleviating Abiotic Stress in Livestock CHAPTER 4: Nitrogen Emissions from Animal-Agricultural Systems and Strategies to Protect the Environment CHAPTER 5: Nutritional Strategies for Minimizing Phosphorus Pollution from the Livestock Industry CHAPTER 6: Metagenomic Approaches in Harnessing Gut Microbial Diversity CHAPTER 7: Proteomics in Studying the Molecular Mechanism of Fiber Degradation SECTION II: Climate change CHAPTER 8: Perspective on Livestock Generated GHG’s and Climate CHAPTER 9: Carbon Footprints for Food of Animal Origin CHAPTER 10: Carbon Sequestration and Animal-Agriculture: Relevance and Strategies to Cope with Climate Change CHAPTER 11: Climate Change: Impacts on Livestock Diversity in Tropical Countries CHAPTER 12: Climate Change: Effects on Animal Reproduction CHAPTER 13: Climate Change: Impact of Meat Production CHAPTER 14: Indigenous Livestock Resources in Changing Climate: Indian Perspective SECTION III: Enteric methane amelioration CHAPTER 15: Enteric Methane Emission: Status, Mitigation and Future Challenges- an Indian Perspective CHAPTER 16: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control of Methane Emissions from Ruminants CHAPTER 17: Ionophores: a Tool for Improving Ruminant Production and Reducing Environmental Impact CHAPTER 18: Residual Feed Intake and Breeding Approaches for Enteric Methane Mitigation CHAPTER 19: Acetogenesis as an Alternative to Methanogenesis in the Rumen CHAPTER 20: Immunization and Tannins in Livestock Enteric Methane Amelioration CHAPTER 21: Phage Therapy in Livestock Methane Amelioration CHAPTER 22: Feed Based Approaches in Enteric Methane Amelioration CHAPTER 23: Methanotrophs in Enteric Methane Mitigation CHAPTER 24: Summary

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the successful structure of the first edition, the second edition of Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals has been totally updated and revised to provide an up to date account of the key techniques employed in manipulating reproduction in farm animals, including beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffaloes, camelids, horses and poultry. A classic introductory text to the subject, the book is based on a comprehensive review of the current literature. It: - outlines different agricultural systems and explores the ethical implications of modern farming methods; - details the many new developments, including the commercial application of sexed semen and large-scale application of in vitro produced cattle embryos; - provides a valuable synopsis of current and future reproductive technologies, such as cloning and the production of transgenic animals. This text remains key reading for students in animal science, agriculture, veterinary medicine and biology, and veterinary practitioners and farmers who wish to keep updated on developments in techniques that may be useful in their daily practice.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Artificial Insemination 3: Embryo Transfer 4: In Vitro Embryo Production 5: Controlling Oestrus and Ovulation 6: Controlling Post-partum Ovarian Activity 7: Control of Seasonal Breeding 8: Controlling Multiple Births and Litter Size 9: Pregnancy Testing Technology 10: Controlling Parturition 11: Controlling the Onset of Puberty 12: Production of Clones and Transgenics 13: Suppressing Reproductive Activity

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Book SynopsisTaking a disease-based approach, Fish Viruses and Bacteria: Pathobiology and Protection focuses on the pathobiology of and protective strategies against the most common, major microbial pathogens of economically important marine and freshwater fish. The book covers well-studied, notifiable piscine viruses and bacteria, including new and emerging diseases which can become huge threats to local fish populations in new geographical regions if transported there via infected fish or eggs. A concise but thorough reference work, this book: - Covers key viral and bacterial diseases of notable fish species; - Reviews major well-established piscine pathogens as well as new, emerging and notifiable diseases; and - Contains the most up-to-date research contributed by a team of over fifty world experts. An invaluable bench book for fish health consultants, veterinarians and all those wanting instant access to information, this book is also a useful textbook for students specializing in fish health and research scientists initiating fish disease research programmes.Table of Contents1: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Arun K. Dhar, Scott LaPatra, Andrew Orry and F.C. Thomas Allnutt 2: Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Jo-Ann C. Leong and Gael Kurath 3: Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus, John S. Lumsden 4: Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis and European Catfish Virus, Paul Hick, Ellen Ariel and Richard Whittington 5: Oncogenic Viruses: Oncorhynchus masou Virus and Cyprinid Herpesvirus, Mamoru Yoshimizu, Hisae Kasai, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Nanako Sano and Motohiko Sano 6: Infectious Salmon Anaemia, Knut Falk and Maria Aamelfot 7: Spring Viraemia of Carp, Peter Dixon and David Stone 8: Channel Catfish Viral Disease, Larry A. Hanson and Lester H. Khoo 9: Largemouth Bass Viral Disease, Rodman G. Getchell and Geoffrey H. Groocock 10: Koi Herpesvirus Disease, Keith Way and Peter Dixon 11: Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Anna Toffan 12: Iridoviral Diseases: Red Sea Bream Iridovirus and White Sturgeon Iridovirus, Yasuhiko Kawato, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Kazuhiro Nakajima,Thomas Waltzek and Richard Whittington 13: Alphaviruses in Salmonids, Marius Karlsen and Renate Johansen 14: Aeromonas salmonicida and A. hydrophila, Bjarnheidur K. Gudmundsdottir and Bryndis Bjornsdottir 15: Edwardsiella spp., Matt J. Griffin, Terrence E. Greenway and David J. Wise 16: Flavobacterium spp.: F. psychrophilum, F. columnare and F. branchiophilum, Thomas P. Loch and Mohamed Faisal 17: Francisella noatunensis, Esteban M. Soto and John P. Hawke 18: Mycobacterium spp., David T. Gauthier and Martha W. Rhodes 19: Photobacterium damselae, John P. Hawke 20: Piscirickettsia salmonis, Jerri Bartholomew, Kristen D. Arkush and Esteban M. Soto 21: Renibacterium salmoninarum, Diane G. Elliott 22: Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae, Craig A. Shoemaker, De-Hai Xu and Esteban M. Soto 23: Vibriosis: Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordalii and Aliivibrio salmonicida, Alicia E. Toranzo, Beatriz Magariños and Ruben Avendaño-Herrera 24: Weissella ceti, Timothy J. Welch, David P. Marancik and Christopher M. Good 25: Yersinia ruckeri, Michael Ormsby and Robert Davies

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Evidence-based, yet entirely practical, this important new text builds upon the basics of neuroscience to describe the links between olfaction and animal behaviour, and the effects of odours in animal welfare. Animals use smells in a multitude of ways: to orientate themselves, to create social bonds, to recognise food, to initiate reproduction, and to avoid predators and imminent threats such as fire. Starting from the scientific basis of olfaction and odour perception, the book covers pheromones and behavioural tests, before describing the role of olfaction in feeding behaviour, reproduction, disease detection, and animal housing. The book: · is written in an evidence-based way, yet with an easy-to-understand style, making it accessible to non-experts · focuses on animals managed by humans, i.e. farm, zoo, lab and companion species · is illustrated by in-depth research examples of many different species This is a captivating introduction to the world of smells, suitable for advanced students, researchers, and teachers of applied ethology, animal welfare and veterinary science.

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Book SynopsisSuccinct, highly readable and thought provoking, this important new text is designed to raise awareness of the potential economic impact of companion animals in the UK. It discusses the potential benefits and costs of companion animals to the economy and highlights the need for this matter to be thoroughly researched, given the potential scale of impact and the potential costs of ignoring this matter. The book includes: - case studies to illustrate the savings to the NHS that might be associated with companion animal ownership; - links to up-to-date tables and content that might form templates for use in other countries; and - highly readable information written by expert authors and key opinion leaders in the field. Inspired by the seminal Council for Science and Society (CSS) Report, Companion Animals in Society (1988), this work updates and extends its evaluation of the economic impact of companion animals on society and lays a benchmark for future development. This pivotal new book is important for policy makers at national and international levels and all those involved in animal welfare.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Methodology 3: Key Features of the Council for Science and Society Report (CSS) 1988 4: Updates on the Economic Impact of Companion Animals to the UK 5: Indirect Costs: Extending the Scope of Economic Value 6: Conclusion: Illustrating the Perceived Economic Impact of Companion Animals -: Acknowledgement -: Afterword

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Book SynopsisContemporary and challenging, this thought-provoking book outlines a number of the key dilemmas in animal welfare for today's, and tomorrow's, world. The issues discussed range from the welfare of hunted animals, to debates around intensive farming versus sustainability, and the effects of climate and environmental change. The book explores the effects of fences on wild animals and human impacts on carrion animals; the impacts of tourism on animal welfare; philosophical questions about speciesism; and the quality and quantity of animal lives. The welfare impacts of human-animal interactions are explored, including human impacts on marine mammals, fish, wildlife, and companion and farm animals. Animal Welfare in a Changing World provides: Concise, opinion-based views on important issues in animal welfare by world experts and key opinion leaders. Pieces based on experience, which balance evidence-based approaches and the welfare impacts of direct engagement through training, campaigning and education. A wide-ranging collection of examples and descriptions of animal welfare topics which outline dilemmas in the real world, that are sometimes challenging, and not always comfortable reading. This is a 'must-read' book for animal and veterinary scientists, ethologists, policy and opinion leaders, NGOs, conservation biologists and anyone who feels passionately about the welfare of animalsTable of Contents1: Habitat Loss: Changing How Animals Think? 2: Whale Entanglement – a 21st-century Challenge in the Ocean 3: The Welfare Effects of PCBs in the Ocean 4: The Fence – the Welfare Implications of the Loss of the True Wild 5: Trophy Hunting and Animal Welfare 6: Carry on Carrion: the Fall of the Scavenger 7: Restoring What We Have Destroyed: Animal Welfare Aspects of Wildlife Conservation, Reintroduction and Rewilding Programmes 8: Intensification – the Pressures of Volume 9: Welfare Challenges: Feedlot Cattle 10: Public Opinion and the Retailer: Driving Forces in Animal Welfare? 11: Vertebrate/Invertebrate – When Do We Start Caring? 12: Animal Welfare at Slaughter – a Level Global Playing Field? 13: Precision Livestock Farming: the Future of Livestock Welfare Monitoring and Management? 14: The Paradoxical World of the Dog 15: Animal Experience of Domestication 16: Better to Have Lived and Lost – the Concept of a Life Worth Living 17: If Fishes Feel Pain, What Should We Do? 18: Anthropomorphism: Faulty Thinking or Useful Tool? 19: Speciesism 20: Longevity and Brevity – Is Death a Welfare Issue? 21: Promises and Challenges of Big Data Associated With Automated Dairy Cow Welfare Assessment 22: Animal Welfare: Information in a Changing World 23: Licensed to Harm 24: Animal Watching in Tourism 25: The Rise of the Inclusive Approach to Change in Animal Welfare 26: Animal Welfare Protection in the Face of Shrinking Public Resource

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Book SynopsisContemporary and challenging, this thought-provoking book outlines a number of the key dilemmas in animal welfare for today's, and tomorrow's, world. The issues discussed range from the welfare of hunted animals, to debates around intensive farming versus sustainability, and the effects of climate and environmental change. The book explores the effects of fences on wild animals and human impacts on carrion animals; the impacts of tourism on animal welfare; philosophical questions about speciesism; and the quality and quantity of animal lives. The welfare impacts of human-animal interactions are explored, including human impacts on marine mammals, fish, wildlife, and companion and farm animals. Animal Welfare in a Changing World provides: Concise, opinion-based views on important issues in animal welfare by world experts and key opinion leaders. Pieces based on experience, which balance evidence-based approaches and the welfare impacts of direct engagement through training, campaigning and education. A wide-ranging collection of examples and descriptions of animal welfare topics which outline dilemmas in the real world, that are sometimes challenging, and not always comfortable reading. This is a 'must-read' book for animal and veterinary scientists, ethologists, policy and opinion leaders, NGOs, conservation biologists and anyone who feels passionately about the welfare of animalsTable of Contents1: Habitat Loss: Changing How Animals Think? 2: Whale Entanglement – a 21st-century Challenge in the Ocean 3: The Welfare Effects of PCBs in the Ocean 4: The Fence – the Welfare Implications of the Loss of the True Wild 5: Trophy Hunting and Animal Welfare 6: Carry on Carrion: the Fall of the Scavenger 7: Restoring What We Have Destroyed: Animal Welfare Aspects of Wildlife Conservation, Reintroduction and Rewilding Programmes 8: Intensification – the Pressures of Volume 9: Welfare Challenges: Feedlot Cattle 10: Public Opinion and the Retailer: Driving Forces in Animal Welfare? 11: Vertebrate/Invertebrate – When Do We Start Caring? 12: Animal Welfare at Slaughter – a Level Global Playing Field? 13: Precision Livestock Farming: the Future of Livestock Welfare Monitoring and Management? 14: The Paradoxical World of the Dog 15: Animal Experience of Domestication 16: Better to Have Lived and Lost – the Concept of a Life Worth Living 17: If Fishes Feel Pain, What Should We Do? 18: Anthropomorphism: Faulty Thinking or Useful Tool? 19: Speciesism 20: Longevity and Brevity – Is Death a Welfare Issue? 21: Promises and Challenges of Big Data Associated With Automated Dairy Cow Welfare Assessment 22: Animal Welfare: Information in a Changing World 23: Licensed to Harm 24: Animal Watching in Tourism 25: The Rise of the Inclusive Approach to Change in Animal Welfare 26: Animal Welfare Protection in the Face of Shrinking Public Resource

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Book SynopsisThis book is the only account of what honeybees actually see. Bees detect some visual features such as edges and colours, but there is no sign that they reconstruct patterns or put together features to form objects. Bees detect motion but have no perception of what it is that moves, and certainly they do not recognize "things" by their shapes. Yet they clearly see well enough to fly and find food with a minute brain. Bee vision is therefore relevant to the construction of simple artificial visual systems, for example for mobile robots. The surprising conclusion is that bee vision is adapted to the recognition of places, not things. In this volume, Adrian Horridge also sets out the curious and contentious history of how bee vision came to be understood, with an account of a century of neglect of old experimental results, errors of interpretation, sharp disagreements, and failures of the scientific method. The design of the experiments and the methods of making inferences from observations are also critically examined, with the conclusion that scientists are often hesitant, imperfect and misleading, ignore the work of others, and fail to consider alternative explanations. The erratic path to understanding makes interesting reading for anyone with an interest in the workings of science but particularly those researching insect vision and invertebrate sensory systems.Table of Contents1: The Difficult Birth of Honeybee Colour Vision 2: No Way to Untie the Spell 3: Innovation, Deep Thought and Hard Work 4: The Fundamentals of the Insect Compound Eye 5: How Bees Distinguish Colours and Modulation 6: Feature Detectors, Cues, Resolution, Preferences and Coincidences 7: Symmetry and Asymmetry: Signposts in Route Finding 8: Bee Vision is Not Adapted for Pattern or Shape 9: The Visual Control of Flight 10: The Route to the Goal and Back Again 11: What Was Not Mentioned 12: What We Learned

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Book SynopsisEcological and Economic Entomology is a comprehensive advanced text covering all aspects of the role of insects in natural ecosystems and their impacts on human activity. The book is divided into two sections. The first section begins with an outline of the structure, classification and importance of insects, followed by the geographical aspects of plant distribution and the complex defences plants marshal against herbivorous insects. Insect pests affecting plant roots, stem, leaf, and reproductive systems are covered in a comprehensive review. This section also covers insects that are important in medical and veterinary science, paying particular attention to those that transmit pathogens. The section concludes with the beneficial aspects of insects, especially their use in biological control, but also as soil formers and their importance in forensic science. Autecology (or single-species ecology) and its application to pest management is the focus of the second section of the book. Firstly, some general aspects of autecology are examined, including species abundance, competition and speciation, and relevant genetics. The classic general theories of insect population dynamics are reviewed, followed by chapters on life tables, time series analysis and mathematical models in insect populations. The final chapter reviews the application of autecology to the insect pests of forests, farms and orchards and to the control of insect vectors of diseases of humans and livestock. Particular attention is paid to environmentally friendly methods of pest management and the application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. This volume is essential reading for professional entomologists and advanced students of agricultural, medical and veterinary entomology, insect ecology and conservation.Table of ContentsChapter 1: General Introduction Chapter 2: Climate and an Introduction to Plant Pest Chapter 3: The Pests of Roots, Tubers, and Sown Seed Chapter 4: The Pests of Plant Stems Chapter 5: Pests of Foliage Chapter 6: The Insect Pests of Flowers and Fruits Chapter 7: Medical and Veterinary Pests Chapter 8: Beneficial Insects Chapter 9: The Principles of Insect Autecology 1: Some Key Concepts Chapter 10: The Principles of Insect Autecology 2: Innate Attributes Chapter 11: The Dynamics of Insect Numbers 1: History, Classical Theories, Time Series, Life Tables, Models Chapter 12: The Dynamics of Insect Numbers 2: Pattern and Process Chapter 13: Applied Ecology and Methods of Control

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Book SynopsisMason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties, now in its sixth edition, has a long history as a reliable and authoritative source of key livestock breed information. Intended as a list of livestock names and synonyms for breeds, groups, types and varieties worldwide, the dictionary aims to include all names found in the literature, 'defining' each breed or type with a brief indication of identifying characteristics, uses and source of origin. Expanded into a new edition, this established and trusted resource: Extends coverage to include yak and camelids in addition to the existing cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, asses and water buffalo.Features well over 10,000 entries and cross-references on breeds, sub-breeds, types, varieties, strains and lines of species.Covers newly created and now-recognised local breeds documented over the past two decades. An important updated work, Mason's Dictionary forms a useful reference for livestock breeders and academics interested in breeds, as well as national and international organizations with interests in livestock.

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Book SynopsisInvasive species are among the greatest challenges to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity in the world. One of the most promising approaches to managing invasive species is voluntary citizen stewardship. However, in order for control measures to be effective, private citizens often need to make sustained and sometimes burdensome commitments. Community-Based Control of Invasive Species is based on five years of research by leading scholars in natural resource and human behavioural sciences, which involved government and citizen groups in Australia and the United States. It examines questions including, 'how can citizens be engaged in voluntarily managing invasive species?', 'what communication strategies will ensure good motivation and coordination?' and 'how can governing bodies support citizens in their efforts?'. With chapters on institutional frameworks, changing governance, systems thinking, organisational learning, engagement, communication and behavioural change, this book will be a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in natural resources management.Table of ContentsChapter 1: A focus on citizen-led action Chapter 2: The socio-ecological systems approach Chapter 3: Achieving organisational learning in natural resource management Chapter 4: Framing community engagement Chapter 5: Community engagement theory for a new natural resource management paradigm Chapter 6: Strategy and practice for community engagement Chapter 7: Dealing with complexity and change through collective reflection Chapter 8: Managing outcome-focused, engaged ‘human’ research Chapter 9: Using human behaviour change strategy to improve the management of invasive species Chapter 10: Using audience segmentation and targeted social marketing to improve landholder management of invasive animals Chapter 11: Understanding and managing mass media effects on public perceptions of science issues such as invasive species management

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Book SynopsisParatuberculosis, also referred to as Johne's disease, affects principally cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, deer and other ruminants. It is common worldwide and responsible for significant economic losses in the ruminant livestock industries. A timely follow up to the first book on Paratuberculosis, this new edition is still the only comprehensive text providing both historical context and the latest developments in the field. Examining the epidemiology of paratuberculosis, the organism that causes the disease, and practical aspects of its diagnosis and control, it also addresses the link between paratuberculosis in the food chain and human health implications, including Crohn's disease. This new edition: · Builds on a strong foundation to update, streamline and better structure existing chapters with important new developments from the last decade, such as whole genome sequencing and phage-based assays; · Includes new chapters on the fast-growing field of whole genome based comparative genomics, and the increasing opportunities for disease control in low- and middle-income countries; · Increases inclusivity by bringing on board new rising star authors from diverse backgrounds to provide international perspectives. A truly comprehensive, critical reference resource, this book is an essential reference for large animal veterinarians, livestock industry personnel and those involved in the dairy and meat industries, as well as microbiologists, researchers and students in these fields.Table of Contents1: Epidemiology, Global Prevalence and Economics of Infection 2: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Animal-derived Foods and the Environment 3: Paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease 4: Genetics of Host Susceptibility to Paratuberculosis 5: Mycobacterium avium Complex 6: Comparative Genomics and Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Strains 7: Molecular Genetics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 8: Proteome and Antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 9: Host–Pathogen Interactions and Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 10: Drug Susceptibility Testing & Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis 11: Paratuberculosis in Cattle 12: Paratuberculosis in Sheep 13: Paratuberculosis in Goats 14: Paratuberculosis in Deer, Camelids and Other Ruminants 15: Infection of Non-ruminant Wildlife by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 16: Experimental Animal Models of Paratuberculosis 17: Immunology of Paratuberculosis Infection and Disease 18: Cultivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 19: Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis by PCR 20: Immune-based Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis 21: Paratuberculosis Control Measures 22: Paratuberculosis Vaccines and Vaccination 23: Development of New Paratuberculosis Vaccines

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Book SynopsisA succinct reference for those assessing and managing the reproductive functionality of male animals, this practical manual contains both generic and species-specific information suitable for widespread worldwide application. It covers all relevant aspects such as handling and restraint, physical examination, reproductive examination, important reproductive diseases, biosecurity, semen collection and its assessment, mating behaviour, and the fundamentals of semen handling and preservation for artificial breeding. A simple, concise 'go-to' for the useful techniques and procedures of animal andrology, this book: - Covers a wide range of species, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, water buffalo, camelids and dogs - Provides normal values and ranges for important male reproductive traits, as well as guidelines for breeding soundness evaluations - Includes extra supplementary illustrations, protocols and resources through accompanying website to enable further learning. With information presented in a manner that will remain useful for years to come, Manual of Animal Andrology is an essential resource for veterinarians, theriogenologists, animal breeders, and students of veterinary and animal sciences.Table of ContentsPart 1: General Information 1: Concepts and Principles of Applied Animal Andrology 2: Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 3: Andrology Laboratory: Equipment and Techniques – Measurement of Ejaculate Volume, Sperm Concentration, Extenders, and Cryopreservation, the Microscope, and Sperm Motility Evaluation 4: Sperm Morphology 5: Applied Animal Andrology: Special Procedures Part 2: Species 6: Applied Animal Andrology: Bull 7: Applied Animal Andrology: Boar 8: Applied Animal Andrology: Ram and Buck 9: Applied Animal Andrology: Camelids 10: Applied Animal Andrology: Stallion 11: Applied Animal Andrology: Dogs

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Book SynopsisAn understanding of ecology is an important requirement of a wide range of academic areas, including biology, zoology and environmental science. This book is a study and revision guide for students following programmes of study in which ecology is an important component. It contains 600 multiple-choice questions (and answers) set at three levels - foundation, intermediate and advanced - and grouped into 10 major topic areas: · The history and foundations of ecology · Abiotic factors and environmental monitoring · Taxonomy and biodiversity · Energy flow and production ecology · Nutrient and material cycles · Ecophysiology · Population ecology · Community ecology and species interactions · Ecological genetics and evolution · Ecological methods and statistics The book has been produced in a convenient format so that it can be used at any time in any place. It allows the reader to learn and revise the meaning of ecological terms, the basic processes operating in ecosystems, the dynamics of populations, ecological genetics and the process of evolution, the methods used in ecological surveys, and much more. The structure of the book allows the study of one topic area at a time, progressing through simple questions to those that are more demanding. Many of the questions require students to use their knowledge to interpret information provided in the form of graphs, data or photographs, providing a useful tool for independent study.Table of Contents1: The history and foundations of ecology 2: Abiotic factors and environmental monitoring 3: Taxonomy and biodiversity 4: Energy flow and production ecology 5: Nutrient and material cycles 6: Ecophysiology 7: Population ecology 8: Community ecology and species interactions 9: Ecological genetics and evolution 10: Ecological methods and statistics 11: Answers

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Book SynopsisThis book explores mate-finding and courtship behaviour in the insect world, in all its subtlety and diversity. Insects engage in courtship as much, or as little, as any other animal; they have songs and dances, and all manner of instruments and ornaments to attract and court the opposite sex. Insects have evolved complex chemical and acoustic communication systems, sending fragrant messages, visual signals and subtle vibrations to attract and persuade. Insects also have many different ways and means of choosing or rejecting mating partners.This beautifully illustrated book shows the incredible variety of courtship behaviours and celebrates the wonderful natural history of a wide range of insects. Varieties of courtship can occur before, during and even after copulation, and numerous examples of the different mating strategies used are presented.As well as being fascinating and entertaining, studying courtship is also useful. For example, a knowledge of the courtship and mating behaviour of important pests helps researchers understand the dynamics of mate choice and sexual selection. Knowing which behaviours are directly related with mating success can be used to improve behaviour-based control strategies and improve sterile insect techniques. Knowledge of sex pheromones, and mating behaviour, can be combined to manage insect pests by mass or mating disruption.By studying model species - such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster - researchers have discovered how genes control and influence courtship behaviour, via proteins, biochemical pathways and neural circuits. This book integrates these diverse fields into a framework constructed around courtship and mate-finding, bringing together studies from the laboratory and the field. This landmark volume will be of interest to students of biology, entomologists, naturalists and anyone with a desire to know more about the love lives of the small creatures with which we share the planet.

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