Waste management Books

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Book SynopsisAn ethnography of Uruguayan waste-pickers that reconceptualizes rubbish as a form of modern-day commonsTrade Review‘Written with a clear and convincing prose, this book makes a major contribution to and advances waste studies, environmental studies, and the anthropology of infrastructure by updating our extant theories of labor, the economy, and the commons. This book will not only serve as a useful teaching resource but also as a model for future scholars’ -- Zsuzsa Gille, Professor of Sociology and Director of Global Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign‘Activist scholarship of the highest calibre. This is an intimate, humorous and razor-sharp analysis of the politics of urban waste. O’Hare mounts a passionate defence of waste as commons, in the face of corporate and state initiatives to reconfigure waste as resource’ -- Penny Harvey, Professor of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester'A compelling ethnography of Uruguayan waste pickers. This important intervention asks who has the economic and moral right to the surplus and excess that drive capitalism. As O'Hare shows, the waste pickers lay claim to this resource as part of a dialogue with environmental and social justice, through practices of care and commoning' -- Catherine Alexander, Department of Anthropology, University of Durham'By lingering with waste workers in Montevideo, Uruguay, O'Hare intricately unfolds the changing conditions of rubbish as it circulates through scavenging practices, urban infrastructures, circular economies, and global property structures. ‘Rubbish Belongs to the Poor’ offers a radically different view of how to shape environmental citizenships.' -- Jennifer Gabrys, Chair in Media, Culture and Environment, University of Cambridge'Radically rethinks the commons, urban infrastructure, and waste in ways that hold significant political implications for our time. Patrick O'Hare calls us to take seriously the work of waste reclaimers not as a problem in need of a solution, but rather, as a source of a new kind of politics' -- Kathleen Millar, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Simon Fraser University'A compelling account. O'Hare offers an important corrective to the framings of waste we encounter in mainstream environmentalist circles, which understand waste as a problem of hygiene and which therefore tend to support the very modes of dispossession O'Hare so powerfully describes' -- Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Bard CollegeTable of ContentsFigures Series preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction: ‘La Basura Es de los Pobres’ – ‘Rubbish Belongs to the Poor’ 1. ‘All because We Bought Those Damn Trucks’: Hygienic Enclosure and Infrastructural Modernity 2. The Mother Dump: Montevideo’s Landfill Commons 3. Classifiers’ Kinship and Embedded Waste 4. Care, (Mis)Classification, and Containment at the Aries Recycling Plant 5. Precarious Labour Organising and ‘Urban Alambramiento’ Conclusion: Circular Economies, New Enclosures, and the Commons Sense Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisNuclear Waste Management in Canada encourages critical thought and discussion about energy generation and waste management by exploring not only the technical but also the social and ethical aspects of the problem.Trade Review"This book is a solid contribution to the political science of public consultation; a strong message to the Canadian nuclear industry; and a sophisticated source of support for individuals and groups who wish to challenge basic assumptions we should never take for granted. - Peter Stoett, Department of Political Science, Concordia University"Table of ContentsAbbreviations 1 Critical Perspectives on the Nuclear Story / Darrin Durant andGenevieve Fuji Johnson 2 The Trouble with Nuclear / Darrin Durant 3 An Official Narrative: Telling the History of Canada’sNuclear Waste Management Policy Making / Darrin Durant andAnna Stanley 4 The Long Haul: Ethics in the Canadian Nuclear Waste Debate /Peter Timmerman 5 Public Consultation as Performative Contradiction: LimitingDiscussion in Canada’s Nuclear Waste Management Debate /Darrin Durant 6 The Darker Side of Deliberative Democracy: The Canadian NuclearWaste Management Organization’s National Consultation Process /Genevieve Fuji Johnson 7 Representing the Knowledges of Aboriginal Peoples – The"Management" of Diversity in Canada’s Nuclear FuelWaste / Anna Stanley 8 Canadian Communities and the Management of Nuclear Fuel Waste /Brenda L. Murphy 9 Situating Canada’s Approaches to Siting a Nuclear Fuel WasteManagement Facility / Brenda L. Murphy and Richard Kuhn References; Contributors; Index

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Book SynopsisDescribes basic principles and recent advances for handling solid waste in an environmentally sustainable way. This volume uses a global lens to examine all aspects of the solid waste, including waste minimization, waste as a resource, appropriate disposal, and efficient systems fostered by effective public policy.

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Book SynopsisWhat makes trash trash? How do we decide what to throw away? Driven by these questions and others, Samuel Amago takes us through the streets and alleys of Spain, sorting through recycling bins, libraries, social media, bookstores, and message boards in search of things that have been forgotten, jettisoned, forsaken.Trade ReviewAn outstanding study of the production and representation of trash in contemporary Spain that provides an intriguing analysis of how society uses and refuses the material objects of everyday life. " —Jessica A. Folkart, Virginia Tech, author of Liminal Fiction at the Edge of the Millennium: The Ends of Spanish Identity

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Book SynopsisContainment and permeable reactive barriers have come full circle as an acceptable environmental control technology during the past 30 years. As interest shifted back toward containment in the 1990s, the industry found itself relying largely on pre-1980s technology. Fortunately, in the past 10 years important advances have occurred in several areas of containment, most notably in the area of permeable barriers. A balanced presentation of what is known and not known, Barrier Systems for Contaminant Containment and Environmental Treatment provides a comprehensive report on the current state of the science and technology of waste containment. Comprehensive and easily read, this book is rich with discussions and references to literature. Setting the stage for how contaminants can get into the subsurface, the authors describe pathways and introduce the essential concepts of risk. They provide details on the current state of the art for performance prediction and clearly delineate thTable of ContentsDamage and System Performance Prediction. Modeling of Fluid Transport through Barriers. Materials Stability and Application. Airborne and Surface Geophysical Method Verification. Subsurface Barrier Verification.

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Book SynopsisThis much-needed book provides an enlightening perspective on the environmental and human health impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Over 100 tables and figures allows speedy access to important data you will refer to again and again. The comprehensive text assesses the human health risks associated with exposure to facility emitted pollutants-especially the highly toxic dioxin. It includes an evaluation of multipathway (inhalation and food chain) exposures. This essential publication also evaluates facility emissions, plausible air concentrations, the potential for deposition of pollutants onto plant, soil, and water surfaces, the movement and accumulation of pollutants through environmental media, and the potential for human exposure. Health Effects of Municipal Waste Incineration is an up-to-date volume which encourages readers to formulate opinions about some of the fundamental issues affecting the management of municipal solid waste. Anyone involved with environmental science, hazardous waste, toxicology, risk analysis and/or environmental engineering will certainly value and utilize this well-written resource.Table of ContentsAn Analysis of Worldwide Resource Recovery Emissions and the Implications for Risk Assessment. Regulatory Analysis of Pollutant Emissions, Including Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (CDDs) and Dibenzofurans (CDFs), from the Stacks of Municipal Waste Combustors. Modeling the Dispersion of Toxic Air Pollutants Emitted from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators. Assessing the Extent of Human Exposure Through the Food Chain to Pollutants Emitted from an Arbitrary Municipal Waste Incinerators. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin in the Agricultural Food Chain: Potential Impact of MSW Incineration on Human Health. Assessing the Risks of Incinerating Municipal Solid Waste: The Development and Application of a Methodology. Estimating the Cancer Risks of Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin. The Accumulation of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Beef and Milk. Health Risk Assessments for Waste-to-Energy Projects in California. Analysis of Uncertainties in Health Risk Estimates for Municipal Waste Combustors. An Uncertainty Analysis of Food Chain Exposure to Pollutant Emitted from Municipal Waste Combustors. Methods of Estimating Toxic Equivalents for Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans. Management of Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Combustion. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash Management: A State Perspective. Comprehensive Management of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration: Understanding the Risks. Comparing Solid Waste Management Options: A Case Study. The Potential of Materials Recovery and Recycling in Waste Management. A Perspective on Municipal Waste Combustors as a Source of Environmental Dioxin. Characterizing the Extent of Human Exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs Emitted from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration. Useful Communication of Risks to Decision Makers. Addressing Public Concerns in Siting Waste-to-Energy Facilities. The Role of Public Participation in the Risk Assessment Process for Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators.

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Book SynopsisNearly every recent article on tailings starts by mentioning a large tailings dam failure. We are left to question how we address the risks associated with tailings disposal, and in so doing, transform the image of the mining industry. With this as a backdrop, SME challenged professionals to re-imagine the future of tailings.Table of Contents Tailings Dam Failures—Lessons Learned from Technical and Governance Realities State of Practice Tailings Governance Tailings Continuum—Selection of the Right Tailings Technology The Importance of Culture in Safe Tailings Management

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation addresses the increasingly important topic of waste treatment. Focusing on microbiological degradation of contaminants, it offers a representative picture of the current status of environmental biotechnology and lays a solid foundation of the methods and applications of bioremediation. The expert presentations of case studies in this new book demonstrate successful treatment schemes and technologies meeting regulatory standards. These case studies represent an international cross-section of strategies for developing and implementing the evolving technologies of bioremediation. Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation examines the primary waste streams, including air, water, soils, and sediments, and explores specific treatment methodologies for industrial and environmental contaminants. This broad and unique coverage allows treatment firms and regulatory authorities to determine and develop approprTable of ContentsOverview of Bioremediation and Innovative Field Applications: Bioremediation Research: An Overview of Needs, Directions, and Potentials. In Situ Anaerobic PCB Dechlorination and Aerobic PCB Biodegradation in Hudson River Sediments. Remediation Properties of the Upjohn Pond. The Development of Composting for Explosives-Contaminated Soils. In Situ Bioremediation via Horizontal Wells. Bioventing Reclamation Pilot Project - Aviation Gasoline Spill. Biological Treatment for the Control of Toxic Contaminants in Bleached Draft Mill Effluents. Industrial Waste Treatment: Biodegradation of Methylene Chloride in Industrial Process Wastewater: Evaluation of Reactor Configurations and Comparison of a Pure Hyphomicrobial Culture with Wastewater Treatment Sludge. A Pilot-Scale Fluid Bed Reactor for Treatment of a Methylene Chloride Process Stream. Biotreatment of Ammonium Perchlorate in Rocket Motor Wastewater. The Membrane Biological Reactor for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Bioremediation.Bioremediation: Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater at a Former Solvent Storage Site. The Correlation of Hydrogeology and the Microbial Component for Enhanced In Situ Treatment of BTEX - Contaminated Groundwater. Case Study: Field Approach to Enhancing Bioremediation by Increasing the Microbial Population In Situ Using Oxygen and Nutrients. In Situ Bioremediation: An Integrated System Approach. Biofilter Treatment of Process Streams in the Chemical Process to Eliminate Odoriferous Compounds and Higher Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons. Methanotrophic Treatment Technology. The Combination of High Intensity Soil Washing and Bioremediation in the Decontamination of Petroleum Pollute Soils. Experimental In Situ Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons with the Help of Hydrogen Peroxide. Implementation of GAC-Fluidized Bed for Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater at Two BP Oil Distribution Terminals, Pilot and Full-Scale. Experiences with GAC-Fluid Bed for Bioremediation of BTEX-Contaminated Groundwaters. Design and Remediation Results of a Full-Scale Bioremediation System Utilizing an On-Site Oxygen Generator. Utilization of Closed-in-Place Underground Storage Tanks in Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Groundwaters. Appendix. Biographies and Directory of Contributing Editors/Authors. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis nuts and bolts book addresses specific waste minimization and pollution prevention techniques that work in specific types of laboratories for specific wastestreams. Concepts in the book may be directly applied to laboratory operations. In addition, the book illustrates other approaches to laboratory pollution prevention, such as reducing wastewater discharges and fume hood emissions. A wide range of waste types, including hazardous, infectious, medical, PCB, and radioactive, are discussed. This book helps you to develop a broad, institutional framework to plan and set priorities for pollution prevention. It responds to your laboratory''s critical need to have readily available techniques and concepts for waste minimization and pollution prevention.Trade Review"I highly recommend this book to anyone who is looking for a starting point in waste minimization in laboratories." --Chemical Health & Safety"Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization in Laboratories is the only book devoted to this subject...it is the current bible." --Laboratory Safety & Environmental Management "A thorough guide for laboratory directors interested in incorporating pollution prevention practices in laboratory waste management procedures." --Profile and Management Options for EPA Laboratory Generated Mixed Waste, USEPA 1996"I found this book to be one of the most informative and practical that I have read on the subject of waste minimization... This book will make an excellent resource for those practicing in the area of laboratory waste management or general laboratory safety and health."-AIHA JournalTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction and OverviewWhy Pollution Prevention? K.L. LeonardA Survey of Laboratory Waste Management and Minimization Practices, K.L. Leonard and P.A. ReinhardtInvestigating Waste Minimization Possibilities, C. Klein-BanaiThe Law on Waste Minimization in Laboratories, J.L. Hernandez, Esq.Effecting Pollution Prevention and Waste MinimizationPlanning and Development of a Model Waste Minimization Program, R. CharbonneauInstitutional Policy, Commitment, and Support, F.M. ThompsonOvercoming Impediments to Waste Minimization, P.A. ReinhardtApproaches by Media, Source, and Waste TypeManagement of Laboratory Air Emissions, R. Stuart and M. ArcherManagement of Laboratory Effluents to the Sanitary Sewer, L. Wundrock and J. ChristensenPollution Prevention in Clinical Laboratories, R.J. Vetter, J.F. O'Brien, and G.D. SmithMinimization of Waste Generation in Medical Laboratories, J.G. Gordon and G.A. DenysMinimization of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes from Laboratories, P.C. Ashbrook, J. Brandon, and H. MandelWhat Individual Laboratories Can DoThe Microscale Chemical Laboratory, R.M. Pike, Z. Szafran, and M.M. SinghAt the Lab Bench: Finding the Right Balance in Source Separation, P.A. ReinhardtSolvent Recycling by Spinning Band Distillation: Theory, Equipment, and Limitations, J.A. Mangravite and R.R. Roark, Jr.Chemical Treatment Methods to Minimize Waste, M-A. ArmourWhat Organizations Can DoRecruiting Vendors To Achieve Waste Minimization and Pollution Prevention, K.L. LeonardSurplus Chemical Exchange: Successes and Potential, J. ChristensenCost Savings and Volume Reduction By Commingling Wastes, P.C. AshbrookCase Studies and ApplicationsApplications for Waste Solvent Recovery Using Spinning Band Distillation, J. A. Mangravite, R.R. Roark, Jr., and P. VanTriestThe Implementation of Waste Minimization Strategies in a Biotechnology Research and Development Laborat

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Book SynopsisA geophilosophical odyssey through the remains of Cornwall's industrial past offers a historical portrait of geotrauma in action.This unique document provides a pioneering case study in post-“site-specific” geophilosophy. Based on a weird field trip into Cornwall's mining heartlands with geologists, philosophers, and ecologists as guides, Hydroplutonic Kernow drills down through nature, industry, and cultural capital to site the local within the global, unfolding the telluric plots that manipulated populations and devastated the landscape during the industrial age. In doing so, it provides a historical portrait of geotrauma in action.This geophilosophical odyssey takes us through the remains of the region's industrial past, reading them through the twisted prism of the geocosmic theory of trauma espoused by legendary “cryptographer” Dr. Daniel Barker and further developed by Iranian philosopher Reza Negarestani, and uncovering the deep pl

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Book SynopsisIn the past 13 years since the publication of Longwall Mining, 2nd edition in 2006, although there have been no major changes in longwall mining technology and operations, many incremental developments in the whole system as well as various subsystems of the existing longwall mining operational technologies as detailed in the 2nd edition have been added to this edition.Major developments are automation, and health and safety technology, as well as equipment reliability, thereby greatly increasing productivity and cutting cost. In particular, the longwall system can now run automatically cut by cut forever without operators' intervention provided that the geology allows it. Other health and safety features such as LASC, personal proximity detection, color lighting, automatic shield water sprays and remote shearer control are fully operational. There are more than 7000 sensors installed in current longwall mining systems. The big data obtained and fast communicatiTable of ContentsU.S. Longwall Mining. Longwall Mine Design. Strata Mechanics. Panel Development. Shield Support – General. Shield Support – Design/Selection. Coal Extraction by Shearer. Coal Transportation. Automation of Longwall Components and System. Application Issues of Longwall Mining. Ventilation, and Methane, Dust and Noise Controls. Longwall Face Move. Longwall Power Distribution and System Control. Surface Subsidence. Appendices. Indices.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines policy responses to food waste and loss, an issue of significant, global concern, with one-third of food produced for human consumption lost or wasted.Investigating food waste and loss under an interdisciplinary lens, the contributors employ a variety of methodological approaches, including quantitative and qualitative techniques, drawing on in-depth case studies and action research. The volume is organised into four parts: Understanding Food Loss and Waste, International Programmes, National Policies and Local Initiatives. The first part introduces the reader to the concept of food loss and waste, how it can be measured, its causes and consequences, and how it can be reduced. The second part is dedicated to international and cross-country case studies, with six chapters reviewing national policies implemented in France, Italy, Romania, Japan, China and the United States. In Part Four, three chapters are dedicated to local food recovery and redistribution iTrade Review"An eye-opening account of one of the major causes of global food insecurity and hunger that illustrates in an accessible way the quantitative dimension of food loss and waste, while offering evidence-based and feasible policy solutions to reduce this phenomenon. The book draws an interesting distinction between the role of food loss reduction in developing countries as a pathway to reduce hunger by increasing availability through technological advancement and that of food waste reduction in developed countries by curbing overproduction. An excellent read on Food Economics."Ervin Prifti, Senior Economist, International Monetary Fund"This book deals with a topic of great relevance and interest, such as food loss and waste. With the participation of scholars and experts at the international and national level, it offers a broad and in-depth picture, combining contributions to the theoretical and methodological framework with analyses of policies and programmes at the national, international and local scale. A must-read if you want to have an up-to-date, comprehensive, and passionate look at the subject of food loss and waste."Egidio Dansero, Professor of Political and Economic Geography, University of Turin, Italy & Coordinator of the Italian Network for Local policies of Food "I have read this book with great interest, and it has been very useful for my work as a teacher and researcher. This book examines the political responses to a critical issue that currently constitutes a challenge for humanity, such as food loss and waste, which accounts for 30% of world production. The book is of great value, not only for its content but also for its approach: (1) it has an interdisciplinary perspective; (2) it incorporates the application of a wide variety of methodological approaches, including quantitative and qualitative techniques; (3) it is based on in-depth case studies and action research, with a broad geographic scope. I am sure it will greatly interest students and academics working in the food and public policy fields, and I also believe it can be very useful to professionals designing and implementing public policies for preventing food loss and waste."María Ángeles Huete García, Professor of Sociology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla, Spain "Suppose you are interested in a policy approach to understanding why FLW policy succeeds or fails. In that case, you need to read this book. Foremost, it expands our understanding of the multiple goals of FLW programs and provides insights into the complexity of policy-making when addressing wicked issues intersecting with safety, circularity, and poverty. Collecting various case studies in different countries and national and local contexts, the authors provide a bright and easily readable volume, light on the technical/legal aspects of the matter. This book can be a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners to design and improve food policy's social, economic, and environmental sustainability." Maria Stella Righettini, Professor of Public Policy. University of Padua, Italy Table of ContentsPart 1: UNDERSTANDING FOOD LOSS AND WASTE 1. Assessing food loss and waste: approaches, methodologies and practices 2. The policy problem: The causes and consequences of food loss and waste 3. Tackling food loss and waste: An overview of policy actions Part 2: INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES 4. The contribution of social protection to reducing food loss and waste 5. Reducing food loss in rural development projects. Examples from IFAD’s investments 6. The European Union and the fight against food waste and losses: from policy to practice Part 3: NATIONAL POLICIES 7. Did France really ban food waste? Lessons from a pioneering national regulation 8. Food waste policy in Italy: From decision to implementation 9. Food waste policy in Romania: A case study 10. Japan’s practices on food waste reduction 11. The Political Economy of Anti-Food-Waste in China: From Anti-Corruption to Enhancing Food Security 12. History and Legacy of the U.S. Good Samaritan Food Donation Law Part 4: LOCAL INITIATIVES 13. Social innovation for food waste reduction: Surplus food redistribution 14. Mitigating barriers to surplus food donation in Italian retail and food service 15. Food waste reduction through food re-distribution actions during Covid 19 in Brazil

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Book SynopsisThis book set provides a new, global, updated, thorough, clear, and practical risk-based approach to tunnelling design and construction methods, and discusses detailed examples of solutions applied to relevant case histories. It is organized in three sequential and integrated volumes: Volume 1: Concept Basic Principles of Design Volume 2: Construction Methods, Equipment, Tools and Materials Volume 3: Case Histories and Best Practices The book covers all aspects of tunnelling, giving useful and practical information about design (Vol. 1), construction (Vol. 2), and best practices (Vol. 3). It provides the following features and benefits: updated vision on tunnelling design, tools, materials, and construction balanced mix of theory, technology, and applied experience different and harmonized points of view from academics, professionals, and contractorsTable of Contents1. Introduction: excavation techniques for conventional and full-face mechanised tunnelling. Reasons for the choice and differences 2. Construction methods 3. Support technology 4. Auxiliary methods technology: ground reinforcing, ground improving and pre-support technology 5. Monitoring 6. Plants and job site organization 7. Tunnel refurbishment

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Book SynopsisSustainable development approaches cannot be met unless waste management is addressed as a priority. Waste Recovery and Management: An Approach Toward Sustainable Development Goals presents a comprehensive examination of environmental pollution and health hazards caused by differing types of waste, its recycling and other e-waste management strategies, and potential political and legal interventions. It also presents the available carbon-recycling methods and investigates how these might be applied to reinforce waste management in industrialized countries as well as developing and emerging economies. Each chapter includes valuable data and case studies that serve as practical guidance for academicians, researchers, and stakeholders for quantifying the impacts of waste, and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, thereby working toward sustainability at a global level.Features: Covers both traditional and new technologies for identifying and categorizing the sources and nature of various types of waste Provides methods for the safe disposal of municipal solid wastes, plastic waste, bio-medical wastes, hazardous wastes, and e-wastes Explains practical measures to cover the broad spectrum of everyday applications of waste management for environmental sustainability Contains a focused discussion of the current scenario and future research directions for different types of waste in each chapter

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures focuses on the research of advanced structures and anti-seismic design in civil engineering. The proceedings present the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to civil and structural engineering. Topics covered in the proceedings include: Engineering Structure and Seismic Resistance Structural Mechanics Analysis Components and Materials Structural Seismic Design 3D Printing Concrete Other Related TopicsThe works of this proceedings will promote development of civil and structural engineering, resource sharing, flexibility and high efficiency. Thereby, promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.Table of ContentsSeismic Resistance of Structure, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering

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Book SynopsisThis volume in our Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology series reviews the use of alternative green technologies (pressurized liquid and super-critical fluid extractions) for grape biomass valorization. Environmental sustainability and circular economy are discussed in relation to agro-industrial waste in the winemaking industry. The waste contaminates water and soil and, in large quantities, it has been related to bad odors, a high content of organic matter in water, and greenhouse gas emissions over the entire winemaking industry. Here, the authors illustrate how green extraction of commercially valuable substances can be scaled up at an industrial level.Features :Reports on waste valorization in the winemaking industry and converting the waste into more useful products including oils, antioxidants and other valuable materialsExplores research which contributes to environmental sustainability and circular economy in the winemaking inTable of ContentsChapter 1. The Environmental Issue of the Wine Industry Waste and Its Recovery: An Overview. Chapter 2. Collection of Potentially Biologically Active Extracts from Isabella Grape Pomace Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Chapter 3. Obtaining Potentially Functional Oils from Isabella Grape (Vitis labrusca L.) Pomace Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Chapter 4. Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants from Isabella Grape (Vitis labrusca L.) Pomace Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Added with Ethanol as Co-Solvent. Chapter 5. Obtaining Potentially Biologically Active Extracts from Isabella Grape Pomace Using Pressurized Liquids and Evaluation of Functional Properties. Chapter 6. Evaluation of Anti-quorum Sensing and Antibacterial Activity in Isabella Grape (Vitis labrusca L.) Pomace Extracts.

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Book SynopsisWaste: The Basics answers the questions: why are we facing a global waste crisis, and how can we effectively solve it? The book identifies the most common types of waste, its major producers, how we manage waste locally, regionally and globally, and why this management is leading to more waste.Written in a highly accessible style, the book begins with our own everyday mundane experiences of creating waste (those objects or materials we toss in the garbage or recycling bin) and shows how these practices are connected to a global system that manages wastes ineffectively. Drawing on a wealth of historical documents, and empirical research, Hird unpacks the complex relationship that waste has with global structures of capitalism, neoliberalism, international trade, poverty, racialized and gendered relations, and social injustice. Armed with the basic facts about our âwaste-makerâ global society, the author concludes that only by understanding waste as a byproduct of how so

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces rock mechanics fundamentals in a simple way with a strong practical bias, assuming no prior knowledge in the subject. It is essential for students at graduate level who are facing careers as professional geotechnical engineers. The textbook is also suitable for undergraduates and engineering professionals in civil, mining, petroleum, and geological engineering.This new edition brings in a completely new chapter on tunnelling as well as more on numerical analysis and software, and sections on slope failure mechanisms and petroleum geology.

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Book SynopsisSustainable development is a very prevalent concept of modern society. This concept has appeared as a critical force in combining a special focus on development and growth by maintaining a balance of using human resources and the ecosystem in which we are living. The development of new and advanced materials is one of the powerful examples in establishing this concept. Green and sustainable advanced materials are the newly synthesized material or existing modified material having superior and special properties. These fulfil today's growing demand for equipment, machines and devices with better quality for an extensive range of applications in various sectors such as paper, biomedical, textile, and much more. Volume 2, provides chapters on the valorization ofgreen and sustainable advanced materials from a biomedical perspective as well as the applications in textile technology, optoelectronics, energy materials systems, and the food and agriculture industry.Table of ContentsPreface xvii 1 Green Sustainability, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials – A Critical Overview and a Vision for the Future 1Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Aim and Objective of This Study 2 1.3 The Need and the Rationale of This Study 3 1.4 Environmental and Green Sustainability 3 1.5 The Scientific Doctrine of Green Sustainability and Green Engineering 4 1.6 Scientific Vision and Scientific Doctrine of Nanotechnology 5 1.7 What Do You Mean by Advanced Materials? 5 1.8 The World of Advanced Materials Today 6 1.9 Recent Scientific Endeavour in the Field of Green Sustainability 6 1.10 The Challenges and Vision of Research Pursuit in Nanotechnology Today 10 1.11 Technological Vision and the Scientific Endeavour in Advanced Materials 11 1.12 The Vision of Energy and Environmental Sustainability 12 1.13 Global Water Shortage and the Challenges of Research and Development Initiatives 13 1.14 Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Remediation 14 1.15 Water Purification Technologies and the World of Environmental Sustainability 15 1.16 Future Frontiers and Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts 16 1.17 Future Research Trends in Sustainability and Nanotechnology Applications 16 1.18 Summary, Conclusion and Scientific Perspectives 17 References 17 2 Valorization of Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials from a Biomed Perspective – Potential Applications 19Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Abaid Ullah and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Multi-Functional Characteristics of Green and Sustainable Materials – Smart Polymers 20 2.3 Biomedical Potentialities of Biopolymers and/or Biopolymers-Based Constructs 24 2.4 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles – Biomedical Applications 25 2.5 BioMOFs: Metal–Organic Frameworks 28 2.6 Bioinspired MOFs – Biomedical Application and Prospects 29 2.7 Drug Delivery Perspectives of MOFs 31 2.8 MOF in Enantioseparation of Drug Racemates 31 2.9 Porous Covalent Organic Cages as Bio-Inspired Materials 33 2.10 pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications 34 2.11 Concluding Remarks 35 Conflict of Interest 38 Acknowledgements 38 References 38 3 Applications of Textile Materials Using Emerging Sources and Technology: A New Perspective 49Pintu Pandit, Saptarshi Maiti, Gayatri T.N. and Aranya Mallick 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Synthesis, Forms, Properties and Applications of Graphene 52 3.2.1 Structure and Forms of Graphene 52 3.2.2 Synthesis and Production Methods of Graphene 53 3.2.3 Properties of Graphene 54 3.2.4 Applications of Graphene 55 3.2.4.1 Application of Graphene in Energy Storage, Optoelectronics, and Photovoltaic Cell 55 3.2.4.2 Application of Graphene in Ultrafiltration and Bioengineering 57 3.2.4.3 Application of Graphene in Textile Materials and Composites 57 3.3 Essential Role for Nanomaterials in Textiles 59 3.3.1 Developing and Processing Nanoengineered Textiles 60 3.3.2 Nanofiber Application Driven by Function-of-Form Paradigm 63 3.4 Types, Synthesis and Application of Dendrimers 65 3.4.1 Types of Dendrimers 66 3.4.2 Synthesis of Dendrimers (Divergent and Convergent Method) 67 3.4.3 Application of Dendrimers in Chemical Processing of Textile Materials 68 3.4.4 Application of Dendrimers in Medical Textiles 69 3.4.5 Application of Dendrimers in Effluent Treatment 70 3.5 Application of Plasma Technology in Textile Materials 71 3.6 Synthesis and Applications of Biopolymer-Based Absorbents 74 3.7 Conclusion 77 References 78 4 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: Applications and Environmental Issues 85Pooja Thakur, Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj and Reena Gupta 4.1 Introduction 86 4.2 NPs and Nanodevices 87 4.3 Types of NPs 88 4.3.1 Carbon Based NPs 89 4.3.1.1 Fullerenes 89 4.3.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes 90 4.3.1.3 Graphene Nanofoils 90 4.3.1.4 Carbon Nanofibres 91 4.3.1.5 Carbon Black 91 4.3.1.6 Carbon Nanofoams 92 4.3.2 Inorganic NPs 92 4.3.2.1 Metals 92 4.3.2.2 Metal Oxides 92 4.3.2.3 Quantum Dots 93 4.3.3 Organic NPs 94 4.3.3.1 Organic Polymers 94 4.3.3.2 Biologically Inspired NPs 94 4.4 Applications of NPs 94 4.4.1 Applications of Nanotechnology by Sectors of Activity 94 4.4.2 Nanotechnology Applications by NP Type 95 4.5 Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology and its Products 95 4.5.1 Potential Environmental Effects 100 4.5.2 Fate of NPs in the Environment 101 4.5.3 Positive Effects on Environment 104 4.5.4 Negative Effects on Environment 105 4.6 Conclusion 106 Acknowledgements 106 Conflict of Interests 107 References 107 5 Chitosan in Water Purification Technology 111Ajith James Jose, Ann Mary Jacob, Manjusha K. C. and Jincymol Kappen 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Chitosan 112 5.3 Chitosan in Waste Water Treatment 115 5.3.1 Treatment of Agricultural Waste Water 115 5.3.2 Treatment of Textile Effluents 116 5.3.3 Household Drinking Water Treatment 117 5.4 Mechanism Behind the Waste Water Treatment by Chitosan 118 5.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metals 118 5.4.2 Removal of Bacteria 120 5.5 Conclusion 121 References 121 6 Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials – Environmental Applications 125Swapnil Sharma, Vivek Dave, Kanika Verma and Jaya Dwivedi 6.1 Introduction 125 6.2 Application of Advanced Green Sustainable Materials in Sensing and Removal of Water Toxicants 126 6.2.1 Materials Used for Sensing and Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metals from Water 126 6.2.1.1 Dyes 126 6.2.1.2 Heavy Metal 127 6.2.1.3 Removal of Heavy Metal and Dye from Naturally Derived Bio-Sorbents 134 6.2.2 Removal of Microbial Pathogen from Water 137 6.2.3 Removal of Radioactive Pollutants from Water 146 6.3 Removal of Contaminants from Air 147 6.4 Application of Sustainable Material in Soil Remediation 148 Acknowledgement 149 References 149 7 Green and Sustainable Copper-Based Nanomaterials – An Environmental Perspective 159Santosh Bahadur Singh 7.1 Introduction 160 7.2 Copper-Based Nanomaterials and its Sustainability 162 7.2.1 Metallic Copper Nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) 162 7.2.2 Copper Oxide (CuO)-Based NPs 163 7.2.3 Supported Copper Nanomaterials 164 7.2.4 Growth Mechanism of Copper Nanomaterials 165 7.3 Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Catalysis: As a Tool for Environmental Cleaning 165 7.4 Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Remediation 166 7.5 Environmental Perspective of Copper Nanomaterials 169 7.6 Concluding Remarks 170 References 170 8 An Excellence Method on Starch-Based Materials: A Promising Stage for Environmental Application 177Tanvir Arfin and Kamini Sonawane 8.1 History 177 8.2 Sources 178 8.2.1 Tubers or Roots 178 8.2.2 Corn 178 8.3 Physiochemical Properties 178 8.3.1 Characteristics of Starch Granules 178 8.3.2 Glass Transition Temperature and Birefringence 180 8.3.3 Solubility and Swelling Capacity 181 8.3.4 Retrogradation and Gelatinization 181 8.3.5 Thermal and Rheological Properties 181 8.4 Starch Gelatinization Measurement 182 8.5 Processing of Starch 182 8.5.1 Surface Hydrolysis 182 8.5.2 Native Digestion 183 8.5.3 Hydrothermal Modification 183 8.6 Thermoplastic Starch 184 8.7 Resistant Starch 184 8.8 Starch Nanocrystals 184 8.9 Ionic Liquid 185 8.10 Enzyme Selection 185 8.11 Packing Configuration 186 8.12 Chemical Modification 186 8.12.1 Cross-Linking 188 8.12.2 Starch-Graft Copolymer 188 8.12.2.1 Graft with Vinyl Monomers 189 8.12.2.2 Graft with other Monomers 189 8.12.3 Esterification 190 8.12.3.1 Inorganic Starch Esters 190 8.12.3.2 Organic Starch Esters 190 8.12.4 Etherification 190 8.12.5 Dual Modification 191 8.12.6 Other Chemical Modification 191 8.12.6.1 Oxidation 192 8.12.6.2 Acid Modification 192 8.13 Starch-Based Materials 194 8.13.1 PLA Starch 194 8.13.2 Starch Alginate 194 8.13.3 PCL Starch 194 8.13.4 Chitosan Starch 195 8.13.5 Starch Clay 195 8.13.6 Starch and DMAEMA 196 8.13.7 Plasticized Starch(PLS)/Poly(Butylene Succinate Co-Butylene Adipate (PBSA) 196 8.13.8 Gelatin–OSA Starch 197 8.13.9 Chitin and Starch 197 8.13.10 Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) and Chitosan 197 8.14 Applications 198 8.14.1 Wound Dressing 198 8.14.2 Biomedical 198 8.14.3 Nanomaterial 199 8.14.4 Cancer 199 8.14.5 Starch Film 200 8.14.6 Gene Delivery 200 8.14.7 Transdermal Delivery 200 8.14.8 Resistive Switch Memory 201 8.14.9 Oral Drug Delivery 201 8.14.10 Waste Water Treatment 202 8.14.11 Heavy Metal Removal 202 8.14.12 Dry Removal 204 Acknowledgement 205 References 205 9 Synthesized Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 Quinternary Alloys Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications 209Y. Al-Douri and A. S. Ibraheam 9.1 Introduction 210 9.2 Experimental Process 211 9.3 Results and Discussion 213 9.4 Conclusions 219 References 221 10 Biochar Supercapacitors: Recent Developments in the Materials and Methods 223S. Vivekanandhan 10.1 Introduction 224 10.1.1 Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar 224 10.1.2 Traditional Uses of Biochar 225 10.1.2.1 Combustible Fuel 225 10.1.2.2 Soil Amendment 226 10.1.2.3 Carbon Sequestration 226 10.1.3 Biochar in Sustainable Bioeconomy 227 10.1.4 Value Added Utilization of Biochar 228 10.1.4.1 Catalysis 228 10.1.4.2 Polymer Composites 229 10.1.4.3 Environmental Remediation 229 10.1.4.4 Energy Storage and Conversion 230 10.2 Biochar Supercapacitors 230 10.2.1 Biochar Based Supercapacitor 231 10.2.1.1 Agricultural Residues 231 10.2.1.2 Industrial Crops 231 10.2.1.3 Industrial Co- Products and By-Products 232 10.2.1.4 Wood Biomasses 233 10.2.2 Capacitive Mechanism for Biochar 235 10.3 Biochar Modification Techniques for Capacitive Applications 237 10.3.1 Activation 237 10.3.1.1 Physical Techniques 237 10.3.1.2 Chemical Techniques 238 10.3.2 Metal, Metal Oxide and Metal Hydroxide Loading 239 10.3.3 Nitrogen and Sulphur Doping 240 10.4 Biochar Based Composite Materials for Supercapacitors Application 242 10.5 Conclusions 243 Acknowledgements 244 References 244 11 Nature and Technoenergy 251Smita Kapoor, Akshita Mehta and Reena Gupta 11.1 Introduction 251 11.2 Concept of Sustainability 253 11.3 Materials Science and Energy 254 11.4 Green and Advanced Materials 256 11.5 Emerging Natural and Nature-Inspired Materials 261 11.6 Substrates and Encapsulates for Biodegradable and Biocompatible Electronics 262 11.7 Semi-Natural/Semi-Synthetic Substrates: Paper 262 11.8 Applications of Advanced Materials for Energy Applications 267 11.8.1 Optical Materials for Energy Applications 267 11.8.2 Lithium Ion Batteries 269 11.8.3 Polymer Solar Cells 270 11.8.4 Nanomaterials for Energy Application 272 11.8.5 Electrochemical Capacitor 273 11.8.6 Polymer Sulfur Composite Cathode Material 273 11.9 Conclusion 274 References 274 12 Biomedical Applications of Synthetic and Natural Biodegradable Polymers 281Manpreet Kaur, Akshita Mehta and Reena Gupta 12.1 Introduction 282 12.2 Desired Properties of Polymers for Biomedical Applications 285 12.2.1 Super Hydrophobicity 285 12.2.2 Adhesion 286 12.2.3 Self-Healing 286 12.3 Natural Polymers 286 12.3.1 Collagen as a Biopolymer 287 12.3.2 Applications of Collagen 289 12.3.2.1 Collagen in Ophthalmology 289 12.3.2.2 Collagen in Wound and Burn Dressing 294 12.3.2.3 Collagen in Tissue Engineering 295 12.3.3 Chitin and Chitosan as Biopolymers 297 12.3.4 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan 298 12.3.4.1 Chitosan in Ophthalmology 298 12.3.4.2 Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Dressings 298 12.3.4.3 Chitosan in Drug-Delivery Systems 299 12.4 Synthetic Polymers 301 12.4.1 Polyolefins 301 12.4.2 Poly (Tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) 301 12.4.3 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) 301 12.4.4 Silicone 302 12.4.5 Methacrylates 302 12.4.6 Polyesters 303 12.4.7 Polyethers 303 12.4.8 Polyamides 303 12.4.9 Polyurethanes 304 12.5 Conclusion 305 Acknowledgements 305 Conflicts of Interests 305 References 305 13 Efficiency of Transition Metals at Nanoscale - as Heterogeneous Catalysts 311Heeralaxmi Jadon, Sushma Neeraj and Mohammad Kuddus 13.1 Introduction 312 13.2 Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catalyst 313 13.3 Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalyst 315 13.4 Transition Metals 316 13.4.1 Common Properties of Transition Metals 316 13.5 Individual Properties of Different Transition Metals 319 13.5.1 Scandium (Sc) 319 13.5.2 Titanium (Ti) 320 13.5.3 Vanadium (V) 320 13.5.4 Chromium (Cr) 320 13.5.5 Manganese (Mn) 320 13.5.6 Iron (Fe) 320 13.5.7 Cobalt (Co) 321 13.5.8 Nickel (Ni) 321 13.5.9 Copper (Cu) 321 13.5.10 Zinc (Zn) 321 13.5.11 Yttrium (Y) 322 13.5.12 Zirconium (Zr) 322 13.5.13 Niobium (Nb) 322 13.5.14 Molybdenum (Mo) 323 13.5.15 Technetium (Tc) 323 13.5.16 Rhodium (Rh) 323 13.5.17 Palladium (Pd) 323 13.5.18 Silver (Ag) 324 13.5.19 Cadmium (Cd) 324 13.5.20 Lanthanum (La) 324 13.5.21 Hafnium (Hf) 325 13.5.22 Tantalum (Ta) 325 13.5.23 Tungsten (W) 325 13.5.24 Rhenium (Re) 325 13.5.25 Osmium (Os) 326 13.5.26 Iridium (Ir) 326 13.5.27 Platinum (Pt) 326 13.5.28 Gold (Au) 326 13.5.29 Mercury (Hg) 327 13.5.30 Actinium (Ac) 327 13.5.31 Rutherfordium (Rf) 327 13.5.32 Dubnium (Db) 327 13.5.33 Seaborgium (Sg) 327 13.5.34 Bohrium (Bh) 328 13.5.35 Hassium (Hs) 328 13.5.36 Meitnerium (Mt) 328 13.5.37 Roentgenium (Rg) 328 13.5.38 Copernicium (Cn) 329 13.6 Ability of Transitional Metals for Good Catalysts 329 13.7 Advantages of Catalyst at Nanoscale 330 13.8 Conclusion 337 References 337 14 Applications of Nanomaterials in Agriculture and Food Industry 343Ashitha Jose and Radhakrishnan E.K 14.1 Introduction 344 14.2 Nanotechnology and Agriculture 346 14.2.1 Precision Farming and Nanotechnology 348 14.2.2 Control Release Formulations 349 14.2.3 Nanoagrochemicals 349 14.2.4 Nanopesticides 352 14.2.5 Nanofungicides 353 14.2.6 Nanofertilizers 354 14.3 Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 357 14.3.1 Food Packaging 359 14.3.2 Biodegradable Packaging 361 14.3.3 Antimicrobial Packaging 361 14.3.4 Antimicrobial Sachets 366 14.3.5 Nanocomposites and Bioactive Compounds 366 14.3.6 Nanosensors 367 14.3.7 Detection of Microorganisms 368 14.3.8 Smart Packaging 368 14.4 Toxicity Concerns Involved with Nanotechnology 368 References 369 Index 377

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Book SynopsisPlastics & Sustainability clearly lays out the thorny and contentious issues that we encounter at the nexus of plastics and sustainability. The book serves as a practical guide for making sustainability decisions about how plastics are made and used, including current developments in the newest bio-based plastics. Designers, marketers, academics, and engineers will all find something of value in this balanced and thoughtful second edition. Increased public scrutiny of plastics materials and the plastics industry has led, paradoxically, to both a deeper understanding and growing confusion about polymers, their origins, their uses, their risks, and ultimately their disposal. The author makes objective comparisons among major polymer grades and bioplastics including their life cycle assessments and practical performance in commercial applications.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xi Notes on the 2nd Edition xiii Preface xv 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 The Contradictions of Plastics 3 1.2 Plastics and the Consumer Lifestyle 4 1.3 Plastics Controversies 7 1.3.1 PVC and Phthalate Plasticizers 9 1.3.2 Plastic Shopping Bags 10 1.3.3 Health Effects of BPA (Bisphenol-A) 13 1.4 The Desire to be Green 15 1.4.1 Consumer Interest in Sustainability 15 1.4.2 Sustainability: Views and Counterviews 18 1.5 The Course of This Book 24 References 26 2 Plastic Life Cycles 29 2.1 Green Principles 30 2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 34 2.2.1 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 36 2.2.2 LCA: Controversies and Limitations 37 2.2.3 LCA/LCI: Plastics-Related Examples 40 2.2.3.1 PET and HDPE 40 2.2.3.2 Bio/Fossil-Fuel Polymer Comparison 41 2.3 Plastic Lifetimes 42 2.3.1 The “Cradle”: Polymer Feedstocks and Production 42 2.3.1.1 Fossil-Fuel Feedstock Sources 43 2.3.1.2 Bio-Based Feedstock Sources 44 2.3.2 “Gate-to-Gate”: General Plastics Use-Life Impacts 46 2.3.3 The “Grave”: Disposal, Recycling, and Biodegradability 48 2.3.3.1 “Permanent” Disposal? 48 2.3.3.2 Biodegradable Plastics 49 2.3.3.3 Recycling 51 2.3.3.4 Limitations and Challenges 56 2.4 A Hierarchy of Plastics for Sustainability 62 References 63 3 Polymer Properties and Environmental Footprints 67 3.1 Background on Polymers and Plastics 68 3.1.1 Green Chemistry Principles 70 3.2 Common Commodity Thermoplastics 74 3.2.1 Polyethylene (PE) 74 3.2.1.1 Synthesis 74 3.2.1.2 Structure and Properties 77 3.2.1.3 End-of-Life 77 3.2.2 Polypropylene (PP) 79 3.2.2.1 Synthesis 79 3.2.2.2 Structure and Properties 80 3.2.2.3 End-of-Life 80 3.2.3 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC, or “Vinyl”) 81 3.2.3.1 Synthesis 82 3.2.3.2 End-of-Life 85 3.2.4 Polystyrene (PS) 85 3.2.4.1 Synthesis 85 3.2.4.2 End-of-Life 86 3.2.5 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Related Polyesters 87 3.2.5.1 Synthesis 87 3.2.5.2 End-of-Life 89 3.3 Traditional Engineering Thermoplastics 90 3.3.1 Nylon or Polyamide (PA) 90 3.3.1.1 Synthesis 90 3.3.1.2 End-of-Life 91 3.3.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) 92 3.3.2.1 Synthesis 92 3.3.2.2 End-of-Life 93 3.3.3 Polycarbonate (PC) 93 3.3.3.1 Synthesis 93 3.3.3.2 End-of-Life 94 3.4 Traditional Thermosets and Conventional Composites 94 3.4.1 Unreinforced Thermosets 95 3.4.1.1 Synthesis 95 3.4.1.2 End-of-Life 96 3.4.2 Conventional Composites 97 3.4.2.1 Production 97 3.4.2.2 End-of-Life 97 3.5 Biopolymers: Polymers of Biological Origin 98 3.5.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) 101 3.5.1.1 Synthesis 101 3.5.1.2 Structures and Properties 103 3.5.1.3 End-of-Life 104 3.5.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): PHB and Related Copolymers 105 3.5.2.1 Synthesis 106 3.5.2.2 End-of-Life 107 3.5.3 Starch-Based Polymers 108 3.5.3.1 Synthesis 108 3.5.3.2 End-of-Life 108 3.5.4 Protein-Based Polymers 108 3.5.4.1 Synthesis 109 3.5.4.2 End-of-Life 109 3.5.5 Algae-Based Polymers 109 3.5.5.1 Synthesis 109 3.5.5.2 End-of-Life 110 3.5.6 Blends of Biopolymers 110 3.6 Additives and Fillers: Conventional and Bio-Based 111 3.6.1 Common Additives 111 3.6.2 Fillers 113 3.6.3 Fiber Reinforcement 114 3.6.3.1 Glass and Carbon Fiber 114 3.6.3.2 Natural Fiber Reinforcement 115 3.6.4 Nanocomposites 119 3.7 Concluding Summary 119 References 120 4 Applications: Demonstrations of Plastics Sustainability 127 4.1 Trends in Sustainable Plastics Applications 130 4.2 Sustainable Plastics Packaging 131 4.2.1 Plastic Bags and Containers 134 4.2.2 Bio-Based Plastic Packaging 136 4.2.3 “Greener” Foam Packaging 139 4.2.4 Key Points 140 4.3 Sustainable Plastics in Building and Construction 141 4.3.1 Recycled/Recyclable Construction Applications 143 4.3.2 Wood-Plastic Composites 144 4.3.3 Key Points 145 4.4 Automotive Plastics and Sustainability 146 4.4.1 Fuel-Saving Contributions of Plastics 146 4.4.2 Recycling and Automotive Plastics 147 4.4.3 Bioplastics in the Automotive Industry 149 4.4.4 Key Points 150 4.5 Specialized Applications and Plastics Sustainability 151 4.5.1 Electrical/Electronics Applications 151 4.5.2 Medical Plastics and Packaging 152 4.5.3 Agricultural Applications 154 4.6 Conclusions about Sustainable Plastics Applications 155 References 156 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability 159 5.1 Green Design Principles 161 5.1.1 Minimize Material Content 163 5.1.2 Exploit a Material’s Full Value 164 5.1.3 Fulfill Durability Requirements 166 5.1.4 Minimize Non-Functional Features 168 5.1.5 Focus on Single-Material Designs 168 5.1.6 Incorporate Renewable Content 171 5.2 Consumer Preferences in Green Design 172 References 173 6 Sustainable Considerations in Material Selection 175 6.1 Examples: Plastics vs. Metals and Glass 178 6.2 High Volume Plastics Applications 180 6.2.1 Beverage Bottles: PET vs. rPET vs. Bio-PET 180 6.2.2 Thermoformed and Flexible Packaging 183 6.2.3 Housewares and Food Service Tableware 186 6.3 Bio-Based Plastic Selection 188 6.3.1 Bio-Based Resins: PLA, PHA, TPS, PE 188 6.3.2 Natural Fiber Plastics Reinforcement 193 6.3.3 Engineering (Bio)polymers 196 6.4 The Selection Process: A Visual Approach 198 References 202 7 Processing: Increasing Efficiency in the Use of Energy and Materials 205 7.1 Optimizing Resin Recycling 206 7.1.1 Reprocessing Scrap and Post-Industrial Material 206 7.1.2 Recycling Post-Consumer Plastic 208 7.1.2.1 The Recycled Resin Challenge 212 7.1.3 Advanced Recycling 213 7.1.3.1 Dissolution (“Advanced Physical Recycling”) 213 7.1.3.2 Depolymerization (“Chemical or Molecular Recycling”) 214 7.1.3.3 Gasification/Pyrolysis (“Chemical or Feedstock Recovery”) 215 7.2 Optimizing Plastics Processes for Sustainability 216 7.2.1 Optimizing Water Use 216 7.2.2 Optimizing Energy Consumption 218 7.2.2.1 Refurbishing Equipment for Energy Savings 219 7.2.3 Choosing New Machinery for Sustainability 221 7.2.4 Sourcing Options for “Green” Energy 222 References 223 8 Conclusion: Grey is the New Green 225 8.1 Trends Affecting Future Global Plastics Use 226 8.1.1 Consumer Needs and Market Growth 227 8.1.2 Fossil Fuel Availability and Price 229 8.1.3 Alternative Feedstock Trends 232 8.1.4 Industry Priorities for Sustainability 233 8.1.5 Plastic Bans and Controversies 235 8.1.5.1 Bag Bans 235 8.1.5.2 Post-Consumer Plastic Recycling 236 8.2 Future Progress in Promoting Plastics Sustainability 238 8.2.1 Improved Partnerships 238 8.2.1.1 Increasing Recycling Rates 239 8.2.1.2 Plastic Litter: Minimizing the Damage 240 8.2.1.3 Educating the Public about Plastics and Sustainability 241 8.2.1.4 Implementing Bio-Based Materials 245 8.2.1.5 Improving the Life-Cycle Impact of Plastics 246 8.2.1.6 Sustainability in the Product Development Process 246 8.2.1.7 Effective Government Regulation 248 8.2.2 New Sustainability-Enhancing Approaches 248 8.2.2.1 Energy-Efficient Transportation 249 8.2.2.2 Flexible Solar-Energy Systems 250 8.2.3 New Research & Development 251 References 252 Index 255

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Book SynopsisBiodegradable Waste Management in the Circular Economy Presents the major developments in new technologies and strategies for more effective recovery of matter, resources, and energy from biodegradable waste The volume of biodegradable waste produced worldwide is progressively increasinga trend that is predicted to continue well into the foreseeable future. Developing sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approaches for processing food waste, agricultural and organic industrial waste, cardboard, biodegradable plastics, sewage sludge, and other types of biodegradable waste is one of the most significant challenges of the coming decades. Biodegradable Waste Management in the Circular Economy provides a detailed overview of the latest advances in the management of biomass for economic development. Featuring contributions from an interdisciplinary team of experts, this comprehensive resource addresses various technologies and strategies Table of ContentsPreface 1.Circular Bioeconomy and SustainabilityIşıl Aksan Kurnaz, Elif Damla Arison, and M. Levent Kurnaz 2. Cradle to Cradle MarketplaceMałgorzata J. Kacpraz 3. New Products from Old Wastes Concept – Analysis of the Current State of CE in the Biodegradable Waste Management 3.1. Valorization to EnergyEwa Neczaj and Anna Grosser 3.2. Valorization to MatterKari-Anne Lyng and Aneta Kowalska 3.3. Valorization of Food Waste to FoodKari-Anne Lyng 4. Definitions and the Procedures for Characterization of Biodegradable WasteHelena Raclavská, Jana Růžičková, Marek Kucbel, Barbora Švédová, and Konstantin Raclavský 5. Biodegradable Waste StreamsHelena Raclavská, Jana Růžičková, Barbora Švédová, Marek Kucbel, Michal Šafář, Konstantin Raclavský, and Elton Luis Da Silva Abel 6. Limitation for Use of Biodegradable Waste onto Soil 6.1. Organic, Inorganic, and Microbiological Contaminations in Biodegradable WasteKrzysztof Fijałkowski and Anna Kwarciak-Kozłowska 6.2. Toxicity AssessmentKrzysztof Fijałkowski and Anna Kwarciak-Kozłowska 7. Biodegradable Waste Collection SystemsJolanta Sobik-Szołtysek 8. Anaerobic digestionAnna Grosser and Ewa Neczaj 9. Types of Composting 9.1 CompostingShahriar Shams and Beston F. Nore 9.2. VermicompostingAgnieszka Rorat and Franck Vandenbulcke 10. BiorefineriesAnna Grosser and Ewa Neczaj 11. Impact of Processing Technology on the Chemical Contaminants Occurrence in End ProductsEyob Habte Tesfamariam, Taruvinga Badza, and Craig Cogger 12. Effect of End Products on the Soil Microbial Communities 12.1. Impact of End Products on Microbial Communities with Special Reference to PathogensDaquan Sun, Eléonore Attard, and Rémy Guyoneaud 12.2 Modification of Bio-wastes for Alteration of Soil Microbial CommunitiesDaquan Sun 13. The Use of End Products on Soil 13.1. The Use of Biodegradable End Products on Soil – Impact on Plant ProductivityBal Ram Singh, Anna Grobelak, Aneta Kowalska, and Åsgeir Almås 13.2. Biodegradable End Products for Bioremediation of Degraded AreasAneta Kowalska, Anna Grobelak, Åsgeir Almås, and Bal Ram Singh 13.3. The Use of Biodegradable End Products for Reclamation of Metal Contaminated SoilsÅsgeir Almås, Aneta Kowalska, Anna Grobelak, and Bal Ram Singh 13.4. Biodegradable Waste: Ecotoxicological/Environmental AssessmentPauline Courtois, Axel Beauchamp, and Franck Vandenbulcke 14. Restoration, Sequestration, and Modelling of Carbon in Degraded SoilsKennedy Were, Bal Ram Singh, Eleanor Milne, and George Ayaga 15. Impact of Treatments of Biodegradable Waste for Nutrient RecoveryEyob Habte Tesfamariam, Craig Cogger, and John Ngoni Zvimba 16. Energy and Biomethane ProductionDagmar Juchelková, Helena Raclavská, Maw Maw Tun, Klaus Koppe, Abdulaziz Atabani, Barbora Švédová, and Marek Kucbel 17. The Governance and Social AspectsMałgorzata Kacprzak and Iwona Kupich 18. Biofuels – More Than Electricity, Heat, and Biomethane 18.1. The Role of Biofuels in the Circular EconomyKari-Anne Lyng 18.2. Metal RecoveryAgata Rosińska 18.3. Biosorbents and Biochar ProductionAnna Grobelak, Agata Rosińska 18.4. Other Perspectives (e.g. Chitin Recovery, Carbon-Coated Magnet-Sensitive Nanoparticles, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Humic Acid)Agata Rosińska 18.5. Biofuel Production from Agricultural WasteEsra Meşe Erdoğan, Pınar Karagöz, Enes Yilmaz, and Melek Özkan Index

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Book SynopsisUnderground â the way to the future was the motto of the World Tunnel Congress 2013 in Geneva, Switzerland. The use of underground space has gained importance during the last years due to the tremendous global urbanization, the high demand on transportation capacities and energy production. All this result in a wider range of use of underground space: besides the traditional road, railway, metro and utility tunnels, more and more other functionalities of modern life are placed under ground in order to free the surface for other uses. The 300 papers of the present book cover important aspects of modern underground infrastructures: Development and use of underground space; project planning and implementation (construction management, risk control, cost estimation and scheduling, contracting practices); design and analysis methods and considerations; construction technology developments; tunnel operation (safety, maintenance, rehabilitation and repair); case histories (learning from failures, long deep tunnels, underground construction for hydropower). Underground â the way to the future will be invaluable to specialists, contractors and design engineers in underground planning, construction and tunnelling worldwide, and to academics interested in underground and geotechnical engineering.Table of ContentsUnderground space utilisationProject planning and implementationSafety and other operational issuesStructural health assessment and tunnel refurbishmentMethods and basic aspects of design and analysisDesign case studiesSeismic design and experiencesTBM performance and wearDevelopments in the technology of mechanized tunnellingDevelopments in monitoring technologyDevelopments in concrete and shotcrete linings technologyOther construction technology developmentsAlptransit tunnelsUnderground construction for hydropowerOther hydraulic tunnelsCases with particularly demanding geological conditionsOther construction case histories

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Book SynopsisLaboratory and Field Testing is the second volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains nineteen chapters from key experts in the following fields:- Triaxial or True-triaxial Tests under Condition of Loading and Unloading;- Joint Tests;- Dynamic and Creep Tests;- Physical Modeling Tests;- Field Testing and URLs. The five-volume set âœComprehensive Rock Engineeringâ, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics Trade Review"There is no doubt that this compendium not only will be of great assistance to all those working in the subject area, whether in research or practice, but it also marks just how far the subject has developed in the 50+ years since 1962 and especially in the 20+ years since the last such survey."John A. Hudson, Emeritus Professor, Imperial College London, UK. President of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) 2007-2011Table of ContentsTriaxial or True-triaxial tests under condition of loading and unloadingJoint TestsDynamic and creep TestsPhysical modeling testsField Testing and URLs

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Book SynopsisAnalysis, Modeling & Design is the third volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-eight chapters from key experts in the following fields:- Numerical Modeling Methods;- Back Analysis;- Risk Analysis;- Design and Stability Analysis: Overviews;- Design and Stability Analysis: Coupling Process Analysis;- Design and Stability Analysis: Blast Analysis and Design;- Rock Slope Stability Analysis and Design;- Analysis and Design of Tunnels, Caverns and Stopes.The five-volume set âœComprehensive Rock Engineeringâ, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the ediTrade Review"There is no doubt that this compendium not only will be of great assistance to all those working in the subject area, whether in research or practice, but it also marks just how far the subject has developed in the 50+ years since 1962 and especially in the 20+ years since the last such survey."John A. Hudson, Emeritus Professor, Imperial College London, UK. President of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) 2007-2011"Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work that, as with the first edition, is deftly edited by Professor Feng, along with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide.Impressively comprehensive, exceptionally well organized and presented, this five volume work clearly sets a new standard as a rock mechanics and engineering compendia that will be the indispensable go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come."Paul T. Vogel in The Midwest Book Review, September 2017Table of ContentsNumerical Modelling MethodsBack AnalysisRisk AnalysisDesign and Stability Analysis OverviewsCoupling Process AnalysisBlast Analysis and DesignRock Slope Stability Analysis and DesignAnalysis and Design of Tunnels, Caverns and Slopes

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Book SynopsisExcavation, Support and Monitoring is the fourth volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-three chapters from key experts in the following fields- Excavation Methods;- Support Technology;- Monitoring Technology;- Integrated Engineering Monitoring and Analysis.The five-volume set Comprehensive Rock Engineering, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peTrade Review"There is no doubt that this compendium not only will be of great assistance to all those working in the subject area, whether in research or practice, but it also marks just how far the subject has developed in the 50+ years since 1962 and especially in the 20+ years since the last such survey."John A. Hudson, Emeritus Professor, Imperial College London, UK. President of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) 2007-2011"Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work that, as with the first edition, is deftly edited by Professor Feng, along with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide.Impressively comprehensive, exceptionally well organized and presented, this five volume work clearly sets a new standard as a rock mechanics and engineering compendia that will be the indispensable go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come."Paul T. Vogel in The Midwest Book Review, September 2017Table of ContentsExcavation MethodsSupport TechnologyMonitoring TechnologyIntegrated Engineering Monitoring and Analysis

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive technical book on highwall mining covers theory and practice coupled with practical examples and design aspects. It contains eight extensive chapters elaborating broad-spectrum functionalities of highwall mining and its operational aspects, covering world scenario, economic potential, methods of coal extraction, design methodology including empirical web pillar design, numerical modelling for stress analysis, safety factor for web pillars, panel and barrier design, small-and large-scale numerical modelling, multiple seam interaction and design, coal web pillar strength, equivalent width concept, laboratory testing, new web pillar strength formula, effect of weak bands in coal seam, slope stability, safety and ground monitoring, hazards and regulatory requirements, case examples, norms and guidelines for practice. It also summarizes the results of research carried out by the CSIR Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR), India and the CommonwealthTable of ContentsPreface. Terminology. Highwall Mining: World Scenario. Geological Characterisation for Highwall Mining Operations. Structural Mapping. Web Pillar Design. Span Stability and Design. Pillar Layout. Indian Case Studies. Australian Case Studies. Highwall Mining Hazards. Design Guidelines. Conclusion and Recommendations. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses zero-waste' (ZW) as an emerging waste management strategy for the future, which considers waste prevention through innovative design and sustainable consumption practices. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies from Australia, Bangladesh, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, and the USA, this book explores why urban waste management systems still remain a major challenge for almost all cities around the world. Rejecting waste as an end-of-life' problem, Atiq Zaman and Tahmina Ahsan instead consider waste prevention through the ZW model, in which resources are utilized and consumed with minimum environmental degradation. In addition, the authors give extended discussion on why embracing the ZW concept will be beneficial for the circular economy (CE).Providing a strategic zero-waste framework and an evaluation tool to measure waste management performance aimed towards ZW goals, this book will be of great relevance to studenTrade Review'This book is very timely, given the fact that the world is currently experiencing the third wave of environmentalism: the environment and climate emergency. Zaman and Ahsan propose an alternative zero-waste approach to tackle the critical waste problems we have in our society. We cannot continue to deplete our global natural resource in the name of consumerism. The book argues an alternative circular design and systems thinking where zero-waste practice is a central approach to solving the core challenge of global waste.' -- Greg Morrison, Professor of Sustainable Cities, Director of Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, Australia'The opportunity presented by striving for zero waste and building a circular economy shouldn’t be underestimated by businesses wanting to improve their triple bottom line or governments seeking jobs growth and a better environment. This book documents examples and gives hope that we can achieve these goals.' -- Vaughan Levitzke, PSM, Chief Executive, Green Industries SA, Adelaide, Australia'The global waste crisis has made the issues addressed in this book ever more urgent: we need a clear waste reduction and elimination goal to aim for, a mix of "hard and soft" strategies to reshape systems towards this goal, and ways of measuring progress towards its achievement. This valuable book addresses all three essentials together, showing how they depend upon each other, and does so in an accessible yet scholarly and balanced way. This is a substantial achievement.' -- Robert Crocker, DPhil (oxon), Deputy Director, China Australia Centre for Sustainable Development, University of South Australia, Australia 'This book is in response to the enormous waste problem plaguing the planet’s ecosystems from urban settlements to landfills and contaminated sites, and severely impacting the once pristine marine environments. We need a drastic change in the way "waste" is perceived. Zaman and Ahsan offer the zero-waste approach as an alternative to the current practices and management systems. They tackle the challenges of plastics use, e-waste, consumerism and planned obsolescence through zero-waste strategies and solutions. The readers will find insights and examples which help understand better the essence and solutions of the problem created by industrial society and human behaviour.' -- Dora Marinova, Professor of Sustainability, Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, AustraliaTable of ContentsIntroduction: zero-waste and beyond Part 1: The anatomy of zero-waste: zero-waste and beyond Chapter 1: Background of waste management system Chapter 2: Plastics and the throwaway society Chapter 3: Production, consumption, and waste management: the missing link Chapter 4: Zero-waste in urban system Part 2: Case studies of zero-waste Chapter 5: Zero-waste practices in our society Chapter 6: Zero-ewaste Chapter 7: The whole house reuse project Chapter 8: Zero-waste in the global cities Part 3: Zero-waste strategy and tool Chapter 9: Zero-waste strategy Chapter 10: Smart zero-waste tracking system Chapter 11: Measuring tool for zero-waste Chapter 12: Application of the zero-waste Conclusion Index

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