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Book SynopsisTraditionally, security has been the realm of the state and its uniformed police. However, in the last two decades, many actors and agencies, including schools, clubs, housing corporations, hospitals, shopkeepers, insurers, energy suppliers and even private citizens, have enforced some form of security, effectively changing its delivery, and overall role. In The Securitization of Society, Marc Schuilenburg establishes a new critical perspective for examining the dynamic nature of security and its governance. Rooted in the works of the French philosophers Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Gabriel Tarde, this book explores the ongoing structural and cultural changes that have impacted security in Western society from the 19th century to the present. By analyzing the new hybrid of public-private security, this volume provides deep insight into the processes of securitization and modern risk management for the police and judicial authorities as well as other emergingTrade ReviewThe Securitization of Society is a thoughtful and provocative work that announces Marc Schuilenburg as an insightful, and much-needed, new theoretical voice in the study of security. If you want to make sense of the myriad systems of surveillance and hybrid public-private security assemblages that dominate todays urban landscape, this is a must-read. -- Keith Hayward,co-author of Cultural Criminology: An InvitationSchuilenburg has brilliantly charted the slips that occur twixt the cup of security theory and the lip of day-to-day life. Combining insights from classic and contemporary social theory with the fruits of ethnographic exploration, he shows that things are never as simple as they seem. Legal scholars long ago realized the need to study both law in theory and law in action. Schuilenburg has laid the foundations for understanding securitization in action. -- Michael Tonry,author of Punishing Race: A Continuing American DilemmaThe Securitization of Society delivers a series of insightsabout the dynamic and unstable elements of the security world, about the difficulties of inter-agency action, about the fragility of even the most powerful security assemblagesthat, having now been stated, will quickly become our new common sense. -- David Garland,from the IntroductionAmajor contribution to the growing literature on & hybrid security . . . anchor[s] empirical research in some substantive theoretical footing. * Human Rights Review *Table of ContentsContents Introduction 1 David Garland 1. The Problem 9 Part I. A Politics of Fragmentation 27 2. Nodal Governance 29 Part II. From Panopticon to Patchwork Quilt 55 3. Securitization 60 4. Assemblages 97 5. Molar and Molecular 131 Part III. Among People 163 6. Combating Marijuana Cultivation 167 7. Tackling Road Transport Crime 186 8. Urban Intervention Teams 206 9. The Collective Shop Ban 226 Part IV. The Era of Invisible Fissures 245 10. City and Citizenship 249 11. A Dynamic Perspective 286 Acknowledgments 303 Notes 305 References 315 Index 335 About the Author 345

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Book SynopsisTraditionally, security has been the realm of the state and its uniformed police. However, in the last two decades, many actors and agencies, including schools, clubs, housing corporations, hospitals, shopkeepers, insurers, energy suppliers and even private citizens, have enforced some form of security, effectively changing its delivery, and overall role. In The Securitization of Society, Marc Schuilenburg establishes a new critical perspective for examining the dynamic nature of security and its governance. Rooted in the works of the French philosophers Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Gabriel Tarde, this book explores the ongoing structural and cultural changes that have impacted security in Western society from the 19th century to the present. By analyzing the new hybrid of public-private security, this volume provides deep insight into the processes of securitization and modern risk management for the police and judicial authorities as well as other emergingTrade ReviewThe Securitization of Society is a thoughtful and provocative work that announces Marc Schuilenburg as an insightful, and much-needed, new theoretical voice in the study of security. If you want to make sense of the myriad systems of surveillance and hybrid public-private security assemblages that dominate todays urban landscape, this is a must-read. -- Keith Hayward,co-author of Cultural Criminology: An InvitationSchuilenburg has brilliantly charted the slips that occur twixt the cup of security theory and the lip of day-to-day life. Combining insights from classic and contemporary social theory with the fruits of ethnographic exploration, he shows that things are never as simple as they seem. Legal scholars long ago realized the need to study both law in theory and law in action. Schuilenburg has laid the foundations for understanding securitization in action. -- Michael Tonry,author of Punishing Race: A Continuing American DilemmaThe Securitization of Society delivers a series of insightsabout the dynamic and unstable elements of the security world, about the difficulties of inter-agency action, about the fragility of even the most powerful security assemblagesthat, having now been stated, will quickly become our new common sense. -- David Garland,from the IntroductionAmajor contribution to the growing literature on & hybrid security . . . anchor[s] empirical research in some substantive theoretical footing. * Human Rights Review *

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Book SynopsisProvides a detailed look at how war affects human life and health far beyond the battlefield Since 2010, a team of activists, social scientists, and physicians have monitored the lives lost as a result of the US wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan through an initiative called the Costs of War Project. Unlike most studies of war casualties, this research looks beyond lives lost in violence to consider those who have died as a result of illness, injuries, and malnutrition that would not have occurred had the war not taken place. Incredibly, the Cost of War Project has found that, of the more than 1,000,000 lives lost in the recent US wars, a minimum of 800,000 died not from violence, but from indirect causes. War and Health offers a critical examination of these indirect casualties, examining health outcomes on the battlefield and elsewherein hospitals, homes, and refugee campsboth during combat and in the years following, as communities struggle to live normal Trade ReviewConveys the impacts of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq on health, both in the countries where they are being waged and in the U.S. -- Janelle TaylorClearly and powerfully conveys the complex and multifaceted impacts of the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq on health, both in the countries where they are being waged and in the U.S. -- Janelle Taylor,University of WashingtonReveals the often unseen effects of those wars both at home and abroad ranging from fractured families, strained caregivers, increased cancer rates to mistrust of health workers, demolished infrastructure and military suicides. * Military Times *Some of the most thought-provoking scholarship on the relationship between war and health that exists in any discipline today. * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *

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Book SynopsisIn this revised and updated third edition, one of Canada's leading historians covers the history of the Canadian military to the present day.Trade Review"Granatstein is, without doubt, one of Canada’s pre-eminent military historians ... [Should any] Canadian wish to become functionally knowledgable about our army, this book is an excellent place to start." -- Steven Dieter * The Globe and Mail *"[An] immensely readable tour de force through the political and battlefield swamps of army history." -- Ron Lowman * Toronto Star *"Everyone who cares for and about Canada's army will be pleased with Granatstein’s superb book." -- Major Michael McNorgan * Canadian Military Journal *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Maps 1. The Militia Myth: Canadian Arms to Confederation 2. Making an Army: Beginnings 3. A Militia under Arms: Sam Hughes’s Army 4. Becoming Professional: Arthur Currie’s Army 5. Losing Professionalism: The Interwar Years 6. McNaughton’s Army: The Long Wait 7. Into Battle: Sicily and Italy, July 1943–June 1944 8. Into Battle: Northwest Europe and Italy, June 1944–May 1945 9. The Professional Army, 1945–1968 10. Professionalism under Siege, 1968–2001 11. Afghanistan and the Remaking of the Army 12. Conclusion Notes A Selected Bibliography of Secondary Sources Illustration Credits Index

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Book SynopsisArgues that war fiction offers a kind of history that both documents its subjects and provides a snapshot of the cultural representation of the United States' most recent military involvements. Tatiana Prorokova covers a largely neglected body of cinematic and literary texts to open a fresh analysis of cultural texts on war.Trade Review"Defining the epistemological worldviews guiding Prorokova through her analysis is certainly insightful, including one of the best historical reviews of Idealistic philosophies I have ever seen."—Dori Brandes, Strategy Bridge“In our age, indeed in any age caught up in the challenges of discerning truths from fictions, and even from facts, Tatiana Prorokova’s chosen subject—the relationship between history and representational art—is of vital significance. In her disciplined study of contemporary warfare, Prorokova continues the tradition of critical appraisal and thoughtful response to enduring questions in war studies, film philosophy, and literary theory.”—David LaRocca, editor of The Philosophy of War Films“Well written, comprehensive in scope, impeccably researched, and both wide ranging and detailed in the critical perspectives it provides. Prorokova does a great job of exploring some very complicated concepts in a fluid, informative yet often dynamic fashion.”—Terence McSweeney, author of The “War on Terror” and American Film: 9/11 Frames per Second “Prorokova’s contribution to this age-old discussion, fraught with ontological and epistemological conundrums, is both fresh and welcome.”—Steven Trout, author of On the Battlefield of Memory: The First World War and American Remembrance, 1919–1941Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: U.S. Interventions in Film and Literature 1. Conceptualizing (War) Docu-Fictions 2. The First Gulf War 3. The Balkan War 4. The War on Terror, Part I: The Afghanistan War 5. The War on Terror, Part II: The Iraq War Conclusion: Afterthoughts on War Docu-Fictions and New Trends in U.S. War Narratives Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisBrings together two distinct areas of research - trauma studies and comics studies - to provide a new interpretation of a long-standing theme. Focusing on representations of conflict in post-Vietnam War American comics, Harriet E.H. Earle claims that the comics form is uniquely able to show traumatic experience by representing events as viscerally as possible.

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Book SynopsisA master sailor when he was barely in his twenties, Sterling Hayden (1916-1986) became an overnight film star despite having no training in acting. This volume details the life and career of this important hollywood actor.

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Book SynopsisIn The Dictator's Army, Caitlin Talmadge presents a compelling new argument to help us understand why authoritarian militaries sometimes fight very welland sometimes very poorly. Talmadge's framework for understanding battlefield effectiveness focuses on four key sets of military organizational practices: promotion patterns, training regimens, command arrangements, and information management. Different regimes face different domestic and international threat environments, leading their militaries to adopt different policies in these key areas of organizational behavior. Authoritarian regimes facing significant coup threats are likely to adopt practices that squander the state's military power, while regimes lacking such threats and possessing ambitious foreign policy goals are likely to adopt the effective practices often associated with democracies. Talmadge shows the importance of threat conditions and military organizational practices for battlefield performance in Trade Review"The Dictator's Army is a landmark book that greatly deepens our understanding of how dictators fight wars. Students, scholars, and policymakers will all benefit from reading this important work." -- Dan Reiter, Samuel Candler Dobbs Chair of Political Science, Emory University"Through superb case comparisons Caitlin Talmadge shows carefully how military effectiveness varies, why it depends on far more than the technical factors normally considered, and especially the differences due to political and social characteristics of regimes. She takes analysis of the subject to a new level." -- Richard K. Betts, Director, Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University"Understanding the military behavior of autocracies is an important topic for both policymakers and political scientists. Combining new theory with in-depth research, The Dictator's Army persuasively demonstrates how fear of domestic turmoil influences both the military organizational choices of autocrats and the success of their militaries on the battlefield. This book is a fascinating read, one that makes a significant contribution to our scholarship on military effectiveness and security studies more generally." -- Michael C. Horowitz, University of Pennsylvania"Why are some nondemocracies more effective than others on the battlefield? This question is really important for U.S. policy. In this highly original book, Caitlin Talmadge shows how the measures taken by authoritarian regimes to protect against coups makes their militaries less able to fight conventional wars." -- Theo Farrell, Head of the Department of War Studies, King's College LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Puzzle of Battlefield Effectiveness1. A Framework for Explaining Battlefield Effectiveness2. Threats and Military Organizational Practices in North and South Vietnam3. Battlefield Effectiveness in North and South Vietnam4. Threats and Military Organizational Practices in Iraq and Iran5. Battlefield Effectiveness in Iraq and IranConclusion: Threats, Military Organizational Practices, and the Battlefields of the FutureNotes Index

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Book SynopsisThe central task of all statebuilding is to create a state that is regarded as legitimate by the people over whom it exercises authority. This is a necessary condition for stable, effective governance. States sufficiently motivated to bear the costs of building a state in some distant land are likely to have interests in the future policies of that country, and will therefore seek to promote loyal leaders who are sympathetic to their interests and willing to implement their preferred policies. In The Statebuilder''s Dilemma, David A. Lake addresses the key tradeoff between legitimacy and loyalty common to all international statebuilding attempts. Except in rare cases where the policy preferences of the statebuilder and the population of the country whose state is to be built coincide, as in the famous success cases of West Germany and Japan after 1945, promoting a leader who will remain loyal to the statebuilder undermines that leader's legitimacy at home.In Iraq, thrust intoTrade ReviewExplores key trade-offs between legitimacy and loyalty in state building, explaining how promoting a leader loyal to the state builder undermines that leader's legitimacy at home, and investigates armed or militarized state building through in-depth case studies of Iraq and Somalia. * JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Building Legitimate States 2. Problems of Sovereignty 3. Legitimacy and Loyalty 4. Statebuilding in Iraq 5. Statebuilding in Somalia Conclusion

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Book SynopsisWhen insurgents take and hold territory, they can develop systems of governance that deliver public services to civilians under their control. This book reflects Zachariah Cherian Mampilly's extensive fieldwork in rebel-controlled areas.Trade ReviewRebel Rulers skillfully blends theoretical insights into the factors that explain effective governance with rich ethnographic research to produce a thought-provoking analysis of how rebels (attempt) to govern the populations under their control. * Journal of Politics *The empirical basis for this innovative study consists of three case studies. The author looks at the governance systems set up by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka, the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) in Congo, and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A)... this book is an important achievement. Mampilly has cleared a path towards further research into modes of governance beyond the state. -- Christoph Zürcher * African Affairs *This book is a must-read for anybody wishing to understand why some rebels assemble comprehensive administrations to rule civilians while others fail to do so or reject this task. In his analysis, Mampilly challenges claims of other scholars that economic incentives drive rebel organization and goals, arguing instead for a process-based approach... This is a great book that provides rich detail. The analysis rests on the key observation that violence shapes the environment, which in turn shapes choices. -- William Reno, Northwestern University * African Studies Review *Rebel Rulers is an important achievement. Mampilly has cleared a path toward further research into modes of governance beyond the state. * African Affairs *Table of Contents1. Introduction: Governing Rebels 2. Bandits, Warlords, Embryonic States, Black Spots, and Ungoverned Territories: The Unwieldy Taxonomy of Rebel-Governed Areas 3. Understanding Variation in Insurgent Governance Systems 4. The Two Faces of the Tiger: Sri Lanka's Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 5. Building a New Sudan: The Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army 6. Resurrecting Bula Matari: The Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie-Goma 7. Comparative Insurgent Governance 8. Rules and Resistance: New Agendas for Studying Insurgency and Governance

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Book SynopsisThe United States, Barry R. Posen argues, has grown incapable of moderating its ambitions in international politics. In contrast to the failures and unexpected problems that have stemmed from America's consistent overreaching, Posen makes an urgent argument for restraint in the future use of U.S. military strength.Trade ReviewAn MIT professor, Posen has written a tightly argued, impeccably sourced, and lucid case for a new American national security strategy. Though written by an expert for experts, it is an accessible read. No term is undefined, no assumpiton unspecified, and no assertion not carefully supported. -- Jessica T. Mathews * The New York Review of Books *In his deeply wise new book Restraint: A New Foundation for US Grand Strategy, MIT professor Barry Posen agrees that powers that have the might will always believe they have the right. That China is climbing closer to the US on the power ladder requires us to understand that it figures it's in the right no matter what anyone says. Yet the US will stay in Asia as long as China thinks it shouldn't. Even Posen, who wants the chore list of the US military substantially downsized (now in the network: some 800 extraterritorial bases, ports and airfields in more than 80 countries), puts it this way: 'Asia is a more difficult case [than other issues for the US].... China may reach a point where it has sufficient power to bid for hegemony.'But, speaking directly to Beijing, the professor notes that China 'does not yet possess much offensive capability; it can punish and harass, but not crush or conquer. Its options are limited.' -- Tom Plate * South China Morning Post *Posen's calmly heretical book is an argument for Washington to discipline its seemingly compulsive and spasmodic projections of global power.... [A] masterclass in threat deflation,... Barry Posen's succinct policy brief is a deeply moral book. The correct proportion of GDP to spend on military defence, how many aircraft carrier groups to deploy to the Persian Gulf: these are not just technical matters. It is in just such questions that morality inheres. -- Chase Madar * Times Literary Supplement *Posen's new book will be compulsory reading for anyone concerned with both the direction that US grand strategy has followed since the end of the Cold War and the possible alternative strategies to help secure vital American national interests, in a period where once again we are witnessing a rise and fall power dynamic in the international system.... This is an enormously important and timely book which challenges the conventional wisdom about the merits and logic of liberal hegemony. Restraint provides an insightful alternative that should be carefully pondered and will certainly advance the debate on American grand strategy. -- Brian C. Schmidt * International Affairs *Regardless of the reader's views on the grand strategy of Restraint, this book has value. Posen outlines the benefits of having a clearly articulated grand strategy and demonstrates the pitfalls that the U.S. has faced in navigating national security policy without this level of clarity. His case against becoming embroiled in conflicts that require counterinsurgency operations is strong. -- Joseph Becker * Prism *Restraint makes an eloquent case for a new grand strategy. It is not a new case, for it echoes the arguments offshore balancers have been making for twenty years. It does, however, codify much good thought and consistently makes judicious judgments with precision and fairness. Critics of the status quo would do well to incorporate Posen's case into public discourse. -- Jared McKinney * The American Spectator *"The three most consequential books of international relations theory published at the end of the Cold War are Frances Fukuyama's The End of History, Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations, and John Mearsheimer’s The Tragedy of Great Power Politics.... Thankfully, there has now emerged a stunning new contender: MIT Professor Barry Posen’s Restraint: The New Foundation of American Grand Strategy. The good news is—if employed—Posen’s prescriptive will enhance U.S. security and a large measure of its post-Cold War global primacy within realistic limits and at a lower cost. -- Donald L. Sassano * Homeland Security *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Evolution of Post–Cold War U.S. Grand StrategyThe Path to Liberal HegemonyThe Strategic Position of the United StatesCauses and Consequences1. The Perils of Liberal HegemonyDirect CostsThe Balance of PowerThe AlliesIdentity Politics and InterventionMilitary Power and InterventionOverstated BenefitsPersistent Problems2. The Case for RestraintThe Geopolitical Interests of the United StatesNuclear Weapons: Dilemmas, Dangers, and OpportunitiesThe Struggle with Al-Qaeda and the Enduring Risk of International TerrorismImplementing Restraint in Key RegionsThe Problems of Transition to RestraintIntegrated Reforms3. Command of the Commons: The Military Strategy, Force Structure, and Force Posture of Restraint"Command of the Commons"The Insights of Maritime StrategyForce StructureGlobal Force PostureAffordable and EffectiveConclusion: A Sustained DebateCritiques of RestraintNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisThe relationship between established powers and emerging powers is one of the most important topics in world politics. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated how the leading state in the international system responds to rising powers in peripheral regionsactors that are not yet and might never become great powers but that are still increasing their strength, extending their influence, and trying to reorder their corner of the world. In the Hegemon''s Shadow fills this gap. Evan Braden Montgomery draws on different strands of realist theory to develop a novel framework that explains why leading states have accommodated some rising regional powers but opposed others.Montgomery examines the interaction between two factors: the type of local order that a leading state prefers and the type of local power shift that appears to be taking place. The first captures a leading state''s main interest in a peripheral region and serves as the baseline for its evaluation of any changesTrade ReviewIn this thoughtful study, Montgomery seeks to understand the logic that leads hegemons to variously support, accommodate, and oppose upstart states on their periphery. -- G. John Ikenberry * Foreign Affairs *Montgomery (Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) provides a unique look at how leading states in the international system deal with rising states that challenge prevailing regional orders. Taking elements from a realist balance of power and a preponderance of power theories, the author develops a model to explain why leading states have supported some rising regional powers and opposed others.... The author seeks to determine the different strategies the leading states of Great Britain (and later the US) adopted concerning regional power struggles, including Egypt from 1831–41, the Confederate States of America, the rise of Japan from 1894–1902, India's emergence from 1962–71, and the rise of Iraq from 1979–91. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers through faculty * Choice *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Puzzle of Regional Power Shifts 1: How Leading States Respond to Rising Regional Powers 2: Egypt's Bid for Mastery of the Middle East, 1831–1841 3: The Confederacy’s Quest for Intervention and Independence, 1861–1862 4: Japan and the Creation of a New Order in East Asia, 1894–1902 5: India’s Rise and the Struggle for South Asia, 1962–1971 6: The Emergence of Iraq and the Competition to Control the Gulf, 1979–1991 Conclusion: The Past and Future of Rising Regional Powers

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Book SynopsisIn Peacemaking from Above, Peace from Below, Norrin M. Ripsman explains how regional rivals make peace and how outside actors can encourage regional peacemaking. Through a qualitative empirical analysis of all the regional rivalries that terminated in peace treaties in the twentieth centuryincluding detailed case studies of the Franco-German, Egyptian-Israeli, and Israeli-Jordanian peace settlementsRipsman concludes that efforts to encourage peacemaking that focus on changing the attitudes of the rival societies or democratizing the rival polities to enable societal input into security policy are unlikely to achieve peace.Prior to a peace treaty, he finds, peacemaking is driven by states, often against intense societal opposition, for geostrategic reasons or to preserve domestic power. After a formal treaty has been concluded, the stability of peace depends on societal buy-in through mechanisms such as bilateral economic interdependence, democratization of former rivals, coopTrade ReviewIn this groundbreaking book, Ripsman argues that successful peacemaking requires both approaches. Initial breakthroughs rely on governments' negotiating formal peace settlements, often over the objections of their publics. -- G. John Ikenberry * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsTop-Down Peacemaking, Bottom-Up Peace 1. Regional Stabilization in International Relations Theory 2. Franco-German Peacemaking after World War II 3. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty 4. The Israeli-Jordanian Treaty 5. Other Twentieth-Century Cases Peacemaking between Regional Rivals: Theoretical and Policy Implications

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Book SynopsisArmies fight battles, states fight wars. To focus solely on armies is to neglect the broader story of victory and defeat. Military power stems from an economic base, and without wealth, soldiers cannot be paid, weapons cannot be procured, and food cannot be bought. War finance is among the most consequential decisions any state makes: how a state finances a war affects not only its success on the battlefield but also its economic stability and its leadership tenure. In How States Pay for Wars, Rosella Cappella Zielinski clarifies several critical dynamics lying at the nexus of financial and military policy.Cappella Zielinski has built a custom database on war funding over the past two centuries, and she combines those data with qualitative analyses of Truman''s financing of the Korean War, Johnson's financing of the Vietnam War, British financing of World War II and the Crimean War, and Russian and Japanese financing of the Russo-Japanese War. She argues that leaders whTrade ReviewA promising first book... that addresses a significant gap in the market and should find its way onto reading lists for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. -- Mark Harrison * Governance *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Making Money, Making War 1. How States Pay for Wars 2. Truman and the Korean War 3. Johnson and the Vietnam War 4. Britain and Currency Reserves during World War II and the Crimean War 5. Taxation and Currency Reserves during the Russo-Japanese War 6. Confronting the Costs of War, 1823–2003 Conclusion: Long War Finance in Perspective

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Book SynopsisRape is common during wartime, but even within the context of the same war, some armed groups perpetrate rape on a massive scale while others never do. In Rape during Civil War Dara Kay Cohen examines variation in the severity and perpetrators of rape using an original dataset of reported rape during all major civil wars from 1980 to 2012. Cohen also conducted extensive fieldwork, including interviews with perpetrators of wartime rape, in three postconflict counties, finding that rape was widespread in the civil wars of the Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste but was far less common during El Salvador''s civil war.Cohen argues that armed groups that recruit their fighters through the random abduction of strangers use rapeand especially gang rapeto create bonds of loyalty and trust between soldiers. The statistical evidence confirms that armed groups that recruit using abduction are more likely to perpetrate rape than are groups that use voluntary methods, even controlling for other Trade ReviewBrilliant, groundbreaking.... [Cohen’s] ability to address this difficult subject in a way that is analytical and sensitive, and to point to clear policy prescriptions that could apply her findings to very practical solutions to the problem of wartime rape is admirable. Cohen’s approach to generating new data through innovative and careful methodologies is one that future scholars who want to study rape and other sensitive topics should follow. Rape During Civil War is an agenda-setting book, a model of high-quality scholarship and a must-read for anyone interested in stopping rape in conflict before it happens. * The Washington Post *[Cohen's] achievement is to shift the debate away from the question of whether rape most often occurs as a result of a deliberate military strategy, ethnic hatred, or simple opportunism and to instead focus on what she calls 'combatant socialization.' * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Puzzle of Rape in Civil War1. The Logic of Wartime Rape2. Research Strategy, Cross-National Evidence (1980-2012), and Statistical Tests3. Mass Rape by Rebel Actors: Sierra Leone (1991-2002)4. Mass Rape by State Actors: Timor-Leste (1975-1999)5. Less Frequent Rape in Wartime: El Salvador (1980-1992)Conclusion: Understanding and Preventing Rape during Civil War

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Book SynopsisMany authoritarian leaders want nuclear weapons, but few manage to acquire them. Autocrats seeking nuclear weapons fail in different ways and to varying degreesIraq almost managed it; Libya did not come close. In Unclear Physics, Malfrid Braut-Hegghammer compares the two failed nuclear weapons programs, showing that state capacity played a crucial role in the trajectory and outcomes of both projects. Braut-Hegghammer draws on a rich set of new primary sources, collected during years of research in archives, fieldwork across the Middle East, and interviews with scientists and decision makers from both states. She gained access to documents and individuals that no other researcher has been able to consult. Her book tells the story of the Iraqi and Libyan programs from their origins in the late 1950s and 1960s until their dismantling.This book reveals contemporary perspectives from scientists and regime officials on the opportunities and challenges facing each project. Many of tTrade ReviewFor some years I have been puzzling over the question of why some countries that want nuclear weapons succeed in building them and others don't.... What happened with the failures, Libya and Iraq? A good deal of sporadic reading has long persuaded me that one way or the other both countries had or had acquired sufficient means to pursue a program—in the case of Libya there were financial resources and in the case of Iraq both financial and scientific resources. The Libyans started with almost nothing, but the oil boom enabled them to buy what they needed. Yet both countries had leaders—Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gaddafi—whose feelings about these weapons were ambivalent and always secondary to preserving the ideology of the regime. Now there is an excellent new book, Unclear Physics: Why Iraq and Libya Failed to Build Nuclear Weapons, by the Norwegian political scientist Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer, that is the most detailed study of these two programs that I have seen. * New York Review of Books *An insightful account. * Foreign Affairs *Path-breaking.... Braut-Hegghammer makes a major contribution to the burgeoning field of international nuclear history... as well as to the theoretical literature in security and proliferation studies.... A rich harvest of findings that complements and goes beyond that provided by previous studies.... Thoughtful and provocative in its analyses, and sometimes revelatory in its display of new evidence, this is an excellent addition to the literature on proliferation studies and the most authoritative account we have to date of the ill-fated Iraqi and Libyan nuclear programmes. * International Affairs *A remarkable comparative history of the Iraqi and Libyan nuclear weapons programmes.... [Braut-Hegghammer's] account draws on interviews and rare documents to provide the fullest picture currently available of both programmes.... A thorough, well-researched history of two nuclear programmes, a history that is interesting in its own right but also significantly complicates simple theoretical models about regime type and proliferation. It ultimately reminds us that reality is often far more interesting than the stories we make up. * Survival *[An] exhaustively researched and compelling history.... Braut-Hegghammer's work stands as a valuable reminder that sociology trumps technology when it comes to estimating the potential of a clandestine nuclear-weapon program. The culture that animates a nuclear enterprise matters. * The Nonproliferation Review *

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Book SynopsisFor both the United States and United Kingdom counterinsurgency was a serious component of security policy during the Cold War and, along with counterterrorism, has been the greatest security challenge after September 11, 2001. In The Soul of Armies, Austin Long compares and contrasts counterinsurgency operations during the Cold War and in recent years by three organizations: the US Army, the US Marine Corps, and the British Army. Long argues that the formative experiences of these three organizations as they professionalized in the nineteenth century has produced distinctive organizational cultures that shape operations. Combining archival research on counterinsurgency campaigns in Vietnam and Kenya with the author's personal experience as a civilian advisor to the military in Iraq and Afghanistan, The Soul of Armies demonstrates that the US Army has persistently conducted counterinsurgency operations in a very different way from either the US Marine Corps or tTrade ReviewIn The Soul of Armies, Dr. Long... explores the question: how does an army's organizational culture impact how it conducts counter-insurgency? Long argues an army’s ability to execute a counter-insurgency campaign is rooted in formative experiences during the 19th century. Policymakers, military professionals, and scholars will all gain insights from this book. Long provides cause for introspection by those who variously formulate policy, conduct operations, and study this new way of war. Although Long presents convincing evidence that organizational culture impacts the conduct of counter-insurgency operations, as he points out, the key for successful campaigns must rest beyond organizational culture alone. -- Colonel Ian C. Rice * Parameters *Through its wealth of empirical material, it shows not only that culture matters but also how. The Soul of Armies is a must read for all those interested in where the ongoing debate on military culture, and on culture in general, is heading, and it paves the way for a return to the study of culture and of the stickiness of ideas in international politics. * Perspectives on Politics *Table of ContentsPreface 1. Military Doctrine and the Challenge of Counterinsurgency 2. Culture, Doctrine, and Military Professionalization 3. "The Habits and Usages of War": U.S. Army Professionalization, 1865–1962 4. From the Halls of Montezuma: Marine Corps Professionalization, 1865–1960 5. A Family of Regiments: British Army Professionalization, 1856–1948 6. "A Nasty, Untidy Mess": U.S. Counterinsurgency in Vietnam, 1960–71 7. A Natural Experiment in I Corps, 1966–68 8. Out of Africa: British Army Counterinsurgency in Kenya, 1952–56 9. Counterinsurgency in the Land of Two Rivers: The Americans and British in Iraq, 2003–8 10. Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan, 2003–11 Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis compendium of research on insider threats is essential reading for all personnel with accountabilities for security; it shows graphically the extent and persistence of the threat that all organizations face and against which they must take preventive measures. Roger Howsley, Executive Director, World Institute for Nuclear SecurityHigh-security organizations around the world face devastating threats from insiders—trusted employees with access to sensitive information, facilities, and materials. From Edward Snowden to the Fort Hood shooter to the theft of nuclear materials, the threat from insiders is on the front page and at the top of the policy agenda. Insider Threats offers detailed case studies of insider disasters across a range of different types of institutions, from biological research laboratories, to nuclear power plants, to the U.S. Army. Matthew Bunn and Scott D. Sagan outline cognitive and organizational biases that lead organTrade ReviewInsider Threats is well-written, even literary. Its chief lesson: organizations are rarely designed to catch the insider, and much work needs to be done to protect them. -- Ross Johnson * Security Management *

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Book SynopsisHow do established powers react to growing competitors? The United States currently faces a dilemma with regard to China and others over whether to embrace competition and thus substantial present-day costs or collaborate with its rivals to garner short-term gains while letting them become more powerful. This problem lends considerable urgency to the lessons to be learned from Over the Horizon. David M. Edelstein analyzes past rising powers in his search for answers that point the way forward for the United States as it strives to maintain control over its competitors.Edelstein focuses on the time horizons of political leaders and the effects of long-term uncertainty on decision-making. He notes how state leaders tend to procrastinate when dealing with long-term threats, hoping instead to profit from short-term cooperation, and are reluctant to act precipitously in an uncertain environment. To test his novel theory, Edelstein uses lessons learned from history's great pTrade ReviewOver the Horizon asks important questions, provides clear arguments, and delivers an elegant theory that pushes Realist scholarship in new directions. * H-War *Edelstein (Georgetown) provides a timely analysis of the relations between established and rising great powers in order to determine why variations between cooperation and competition occur between them. * Choice *There is much to like about this volume. The writing is crisp, and the case studies—evaluating the impact of time horizons visàvis the rise of Germany and the United States, Germany's interwar resurgence, and the origins of the Cold War—are a model for qualitative research. More substantively, Edelstein has issued a clarion call for scholars to directly study states' temporal calculations and how these calculations affect foreign policy. Even if one does not accept the argument, future work will need to address the importance of time horizons. * Political Science Quarterly *David Edelstein's book makes significant and novel theoretical contributions toward studying great and rising powers. * International Studies Review *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Time Horizons and International Politics 2. The Arrival of Imperial Germany 3. The Rise of the United States 4. The Resurgence of Interwar Germany 5. The Origins of the Cold War 6. Conclusion and the Contemporary Rise of China Notes Index

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Book SynopsisMany of the world''s statesfrom Algeria to Ireland to the United Statesare the result of robust national movements that achieved independence. Many other national movements have failed in their attempts to achieve statehood, including the Basques, the Kurds, and the Palestinians. In Rebel Power, Peter Krause offers a powerful new theory to explain this variation focusing on the internal balance of power among nationalist groups, who cooperate with each other to establish a new state while simultaneously competing to lead it. The most powerful groups push to achieve states while they are in position to rule them, whereas weaker groups unlikely to gain the spoils of office are likely to become spoilers, employing risky, escalatory violence to forestall victory while they improve their position in the movement hierarchy. Hegemonic movements with one dominant group are therefore more likely to achieve statehood than internally competitive, fragmented movements due to their greateTrade ReviewEmpirically rich and logically rigorous, Krause's original approach will attract a lot of attention from scholars of nationalism and insurgency. * Choice *Brings together theoretical insights about intermovement dynamics, as well as detailed analyses of four national movements.... This work builds upon several recent contributions in the area of conflict studies. * Perspectives on Politics *A rare combination of elegant theorizing and rich empirical analysis, which will no doubt influence scholars' and policymakers' thinking for years to come. * Political Science Quarterly *Table of Contents1. Power, Violence, and Victory2. Why National Movements Compete, Fight, and Win3. The Palestinian National Movement: The Sisyphean Tragedy of Fragmentation4. The Zionist Movement: Victory Hanging in the Balance5. The Algerian National Movement: The Long, Bloody March to Hegemony6. The Irish National Movement: Where You Stand Depends on Where You Sit7. The Politics of National Movements and the Future of Rebel Power

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Book SynopsisMany of the world''s statesfrom Algeria to Ireland to the United Statesare the result of robust national movements that achieved independence. Many other national movements have failed in their attempts to achieve statehood, including the Basques, the Kurds, and the Palestinians. In Rebel Power, Peter Krause offers a powerful new theory to explain this variation focusing on the internal balance of power among nationalist groups, who cooperate with each other to establish a new state while simultaneously competing to lead it. The most powerful groups push to achieve states while they are in position to rule them, whereas weaker groups unlikely to gain the spoils of office are likely to become spoilers, employing risky, escalatory violence to forestall victory while they improve their position in the movement hierarchy. Hegemonic movements with one dominant group are therefore more likely to achieve statehood than internally competitive, fragmented movements due to their greateTrade ReviewEmpirically rich and logically rigorous, Krause's original approach will attract a lot of attention from scholars of nationalism and insurgency. * Choice *Brings together theoretical insights about intermovement dynamics, as well as detailed analyses of four national movements.... This work builds upon several recent contributions in the area of conflict studies. * Perspectives on Politics *A rare combination of elegant theorizing and rich empirical analysis, which will no doubt influence scholars' and policymakers' thinking for years to come. * Political Science Quarterly *Table of Contents1. Power, Violence, and Victory2. Why National Movements Compete, Fight, and Win3. The Palestinian National Movement: The Sisyphean Tragedy of Fragmentation4. The Zionist Movement: Victory Hanging in the Balance5. The Algerian National Movement: The Long, Bloody March to Hegemony6. The Irish National Movement: Where You Stand Depends on Where You Sit7. The Politics of National Movements and the Future of Rebel Power

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Book SynopsisStrategic Adjustment and the Rise of China demonstrates how structural and domestic variables influence how East Asian states adjust their strategy in light of the rise of China, including how China manages its own emerging role as a regional great power. The contributors note that the shifting regional balance of power has fueled escalating tensions in East Asia and suggest that adjustment challenges are exacerbated by the politics of policymaking. International and domestic pressures on policymaking are reflected in maritime territorial disputes and in the broader range of regional security issues created by the rise of China.Adjusting to power shifts and managing a new regional order in the face of inevitable domestic pressure, including nationalism, is a challenging process. Both the United States and China have had to adjust to China''s expanded capabilities. China has sought an expanded influence in maritime East Asia; the United States has responded by consolidating itTrade ReviewEnhances our understanding of power and politics in East Asia, and will help policymakers, researchers, and students of international relations to follow the power transition caused by the rise of China. * Journal of Chinese Political Science *Fills some major gaps in strategy studies, and can serve either as a reference for policy makers and Asian specialists, or as a supplementary text for teachers and college students. * PACIFIC AFFAIRS *Table of ContentsIntroduction1. Domestic Politics and Nationalism in East Asian Security, Randall L. Schweller2. U.S.–China Relations From Unipolar Hedging toward Bipolar Balancing, Oystein Tunsjo3. Perception, Misperception, and Sensitivity: Chinese Economic Power and Preferences afte rhte 2008 Financial Crisis, Daniel W. Drezner4. Two Asias? China's Rise, Dual Structure, and the Alliance System in East Asia, Wang DongPart II Japan, South Korea, and the Rise of China: National Security and Nationalism5. Protecting the Status Quo: Japan's Response to the Rise of China, Ian bowers and Bjorn Elias Mikasen Gronning6. Popular Nationalism and Economic Interests in China's Japan Policy, James Reilly7. China's Rise and Security Dynamics on the Korean Peninsula, Chung-in MoonPart III Great Power Relations and Regional Conflict8. Threading the Needle: The South China Sea Disputes and U.S. China Relations9. The United States and China in Northeast Asia: Third-Party Coercion and Alliance Relations, Robert S. RossConclusion: East Asia at the Center: Power Shifts and Theory, Oystein Tunsjo

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Book SynopsisIn Secession and Security, Ahsan I. Butt argues that states rather than separatists determine whether a secessionist struggle will be peaceful, violent, or genocidal. He investigates the strategies, ranging from negotiated concessions to large-scale repression, adopted by states in response to separatist movements. Variations in the external security environment, Butt argues, influenced the leaders of the Ottoman Empire to use peaceful concessions against Armenians in 1908 but escalated to genocide against the same community in 1915; caused Israel to reject a Palestinian state in the 1990s; and shaped peaceful splits in Czechoslovakia in 1993 and the Norway-Sweden union in 1905. Butt focuses on two main casesPakistani reactions to Bengali and Baloch demands for independence in the 1970s and India''s responses to secessionist movements in Kashmir, Punjab, and Assam in the 1980s and 1990s. Butt''s deep historical approach to his subject will appeal tTrade ReviewCompellingly and authoritatively researched. The research design—a case study approach—is exquisite. The case selections and criteria for comparison are academically sound. Butt also had access to scores of personal interviews as well as extensive archival data. The result is a significant and timely contribution to the scholarship on state decision-making in the international arena. * Choice *The spectacular achievement of Butt's seminal study is that it offers a refreshing theoretical explanation as to why states employ different strategies against separatists and, more importantly, it does so by presenting facts in an unbiased fashion. Secession and Security's academic rigour, in-depth analysis, accessibility and balanced objectivity make it a highly commendable contribution to International Relations theory and conflict studies. Apart from general readers, I highly recommend this book to scholars and policy-makers engaged in understanding and resolving the puzzling equation of state–separatist dynamics. * International Affairs *Masterly. * Northeast Now *Ahsan Butt makes a useful contribution by highlighting the international framework in explaining state response to secessionist movements but his question is very narrowly defined looking at ethnic difference when its trajectory implicitly or explicitly is separatist. * Bloomsbury Pakistan *

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Book SynopsisIn The End of Grand Strategy, Simon Reich and Peter Dombrowski challenge the common view of grand strategy as unitary. They eschew prescription of any one specific approach, chosen from a spectrum that stretches from global primacy to restraint and isolationism, in favor of describing what America's military actually does, day to day. They argue that a series of fundamental recent changes in the global system, the inevitable jostling of bureaucratic politics, and the practical limitations of field operations combine to ensure that each presidential administration inevitably resorts to a variety of strategies. Proponents of different American grand strategies have historically focused on the pivotal role of the Navy. In response, Reich and Dombrowski examine six major maritime operations, each of which reflects one major strategy. One size does not fit all, say the authorsthe attempt to impose a single overarching blueprint is no longer feasible. Reich and Dombrowski deTrade ReviewThe End of Grand Strategy should be widely read, first, to distinguish grand strategy from traditional strategy.... The second reason to read Reich and Dombrowski is to see the difficulties 21st-century decision makers confront in preparing to fight.... Today, a strategy’s aim almost always should be to establish what constitutes a satisfactory outcome rather than a clear-cut victory. A grand strategic goal should be expressed in terms of control that may take a long time to achieve and require great patience. I think Reich and Dombrowski have implied as much, and that is one more reason for reading their fine book. * Proceedings *Reich and Dombrowski’s approach offers a description of US grand strategic theory found in no other text and a set of developed case studies that flesh out each identified strategic approach.... The End of Grand Strategy presents highly comprehensible policy overviews and histories of each topic engaged with. * H-NET Reviews *Insightfully examines both the contemporary US NSS approach and current US Navy operations across the globe. While American-centric by intent, the book contains many concepts and ideas that smaller nations may find useful, especially in contemplating future multilateral naval operations, an area of growing importance. The book offers much for policymakers, military planners, academics and all those concerned with understanding the business of strategising. * The RUSI Journal *The End of Grand Strategy provides a balanced presentation based on broad research drawn from published government documents and secondary sources. Clear in argument and prose, the book accomplishes its goals by effectively relating the ways and means of sea power to specific regional grand strategies.... This work will appeal to both generalists and specialists of American national security and strategy. Upper level undergraduate, graduate, and war college students in national security, international relations, and strategic studies would especially benefit from this work. * The Journal of Military History *While the broad strokes of Reich and Dombrowski's theoretical argument are thought provoking, it is their descriptive empirical analysis that stands out for its concision and clarity. Any one of their empirical chapters could serve as a high-level primer on the topic it discusses. * Stategic Studies Quarterly *The book will be important for readers studying or involved in American politics and policy-making. It can also be recommended to students of American strategic thought and strategic planning, given the relatively low cost of the book. * international affairs *In this academic treatise, the authors challenge the notion of the effectiveness of a unified grand strategy and posit that in the current era a spectrum of strategies is needed depending on the region and the threats therein. * SeaPower Magazine *The authors make a positive contribution when they describe Iranian use of asymmetric warfare.[T] he book is useful to the reader because of the information it conveys: in particular, six strategies of American foreign policy; case studies of inter-allied maritime operations that strengthened regional military and political cooperation and enhanced US alliances (this is also important in the context of the increased use of military forces as a political instrument); case study on racing for the Arctic with a strategy of restraint; and adversary use of asymmetric warfare. * H-War *Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Naval Operations and Grand Strategy in the New Security Environment 2. Comparing Grand Strategies—and Their Inherent Limitations 3. A Maritime Strategy of Primacy in the Persian Gulf 4. Playing a Follow-the-Leader Strategy on the High Seas 5. Pirates, Terrorists, and Formal Sponsorship 6. Navigating the Proliferation Security Initiative and Informal Sponsorship 7. Racing for the Arctic with a Strategy of Restraint 8. Controlling the Southern Maritime Approaches with an Isolationist Strategy Conclusion Appendixes 1. The Strategies of American Foreign Policy 2. Select Multilateral Exercises in the Indo-Pacific 3. PSI Multinational Exercises Notes Index

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Book SynopsisIn Twilight of the Titans, Paul K. MacDonald and Joseph M. Parent examine great power transitions since 1870 to determine how declining powers choose to behave, identifying the strong incentives to moderate their behavior when the hierarchy of great powers is shifting. Challenging the conventional wisdom that such transitions push declining great powers to extreme measures, this book argues that intimidation, provocation, and preventive war are not the only alternatives to the loss of relative power and prestige. Using numerous case studies, MacDonald and Parent show how declining states tend to behave, the policy options they have, how rising states respond to those in decline, and what conditions reward particular strategic choices.Trade ReviewA meaningful contribution to the debate about whether the decline of a great power is to be feared as a cause of war in the international system. Parent and McDonald took a big, important question and tried to find an answer by aggregating what we know about both great powers and their mid-level counterparts. It is not simply an interesting academic question; they make a very strong case that fighting preventive wars is self-defeating for declining powers. * The Atlantic *A terrific contribution to the debate over the so-called Thucydides trap.... So much good data, smart analysis, and beautiful writing. * War on the Rocks *Unique, convincing and important. * Survival *The operative concepts in this volume are power, security, and interests and nary a word about identity and all that non-rationalist stuff of politics... Twilight of the Titans is tightly written and organized, with a brief index and copious notes. * Choice *Paul MacDonald and Joseph Parent bring to book-length form a very sensible and persuasive argument that they have been making for some time. Great power decline is not necessarily dangerous or even destabilizing. Countries can pursue strategies of retrenchment, either of "self-help" by cutting back spending or rejuvenating their economy, or of external adjustment in paring back commitments or cementing new friendships. Such strategies, MacDonald and Parent argue, need not be destabilizing. The countries experiencing decline can regain strength and confidence. -- Philip Zelikow, University of Virginia * H-Net *[French language review] * Études internationales *MacDonald and Parent have crafted a thought-provoking contribution to the canon on great power behavior. [T]he authors' incrementalist and transitory understanding of retrenchment represents an important insight for policymakers. * H-War *

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Book SynopsisHow do some national-secessionist campaigns get on the global agenda whereas others do not? Which projects for new nation-states, Philip Roeder asks, give rise to mayhem in the politics of existing states? National secession has been explained by reference to identities, grievances, greed, and opportunities. With the strategic constraints most national-secession campaigns face, the author argues, the essential element is the campaign''s ability to coordinate expectations within a population on a common goalso that independence looks like the only viable option.Roeder shows how in most well-known national-secession campaigns, this strategy of programmatic coordination has led breakaway leaders to assume the critical task of propagating an authentic and realistic nation-state project. Such campaigns are most likely to draw attention in the capitals of the great powers that control admission to the international community, to bring the campaigns'' disputes with their central govTrade ReviewRoeder... confronts the myth of military victory for national-secessionist movements... * Choice *National Secession is a unique book. It provides a novel theoretical approach for understanding nationalist campaigns. Rooted in the work of Vladimir Lenin, it provides a theoretically informed action plan with clear suggestions for the coordination of a sustained nationalist campaign. Anyone interested in nationalism, conflict, or the political processes that leads to these phenomena will enjoy this book. * H-Net *Table of ContentsFigures and Tables Acknowledgments 1. Three Questions about National Secession 2. Strategic Constraints: Goals and Means 3. Organization and Mobilization in Campaign Development 4. Programmatic Coordination in Campaigns 5. Significant Campaigns: Getting on the Global Agenda 6. Intractable Disputes: Consequences of SuccessfulCampaigning 7. Protracted Intense Struggles: Reinforcing Intractability 8. Complementary Explanations: Motivations and Opportunities 9. Looking Forward: Implications of Programmatic Analysis Appendix to Chapter 2 Appendix to Chapter 5 Appendix to Chapter 7 Appendix to Chapter 9 Notes Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisOver the past two decades, many states have heard demands that they recognize and apologize for historic wrongs. Such calls have not elicited uniform or predictable responses. While some states have apologized for past crimes, others continue to silence, deny, and relativize dark pasts. What explains the tremendous variation in how states deal...Trade ReviewDixon offers valuable insights into how a country addresses its past horrors. This book offers some reassurance to those who fight for change, demonstrating that their efforts can be effective. * Choice *Dixon has made an extremely valuable contribution to the growing and vibrant literature on the politics of memory and apology. Dark Pasts deserves to be widely read in the scholarly community and is sure to find use in graduate seminars and advanced undergraduate courses. * Perspectives on Politics *The book powerfully demonstrates how Japan and Turkey have walked the tightrope of maintaining "plausibility and legitimacy". Through interviews with diplomats and analysts and the exploration of textbooks, newspapers, and other publications, Dixon distills more than fifty years' worth of official narrative in two states five thousand miles apart into a well-argued, systematic analysis of governments' struggles with uncomfortable truths. * H-Diplo *Jennifer Dixon has written a path-breaking book that is a model of scholarship, one rich in both detail and analysis, and beautifully written. * Genocide Studies International *The official narratives of Turkey and Japan in regard to their respective 'dark pasts,' like Dixon's book cover, are both deceptively aesthetic on the surface while containing many layers. Dixon unpacks them well. * The Armenian Weekly *Jennifer Dixon has made a substantive contribution to the study of state narratives with Dark Pasts.... In this elegant and riveting book, Dixon develops a causal model of narrative change for state denial or apology for atrocities committed against civilians.... Dixon's range of methods...makes her own storytelling in the book emotionally vibrant and thus eminently readable, while also being rigorously supported with empirical evidence. * Political Psychology *Dark Pasts will be a reference for studies of memory politics in all parts of the world with troubled pasts. The book's excellence in collecting and analyzing archival and interview data should guide historically informed social science scholarship. The theoretical framework and the findings give scholars of history, memory, human rights, nationalism, and international relations much to think about and debate. * Nationalities Papers *Dark Pasts represents an important advancement in the study of atrocities, state memory, and international norms. This book will be of value to scholars, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates interested in human rights and questions of post-conflict justice more generally, as well as Turkey and Japan more specifically. * Nations and Nationalism *Dark Pasts is not only a fascinating account of Turkish and Japanese narrative change; it also valuably contributes to scholarship on what makes certain forms of politics possible and impossible in varying contexts... helps us understand not only why states struggle with contrition, but also how international legitimacy seeking tempers nationalist glorification of human rights abuses. * Journal of Genocide Research *Table of ContentsList of Acronyms Acknowledgments Introduction: Coming to Terms with Dark Pasts? 1. Changing the State's Story 2. The Armenian Genocide and Its Aftermath 3. From Silencing to Mythmaking (1950–early 1990s) 4. Playing Hardball (1994–2008) 5. The Nanjing Massacre and the Second Sino-Japanese War 6. "History Issues" in the Postwar Period (1952–1989) 7. Unfreezing the Question of History (1990–2008) Conclusion: The Politics of Dark Pasts Appendix 1: Research Conducted Appendix 2: Turkish High School History Textbooks Analyzed Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisWhy do great powers accommodate the rise of some challengers but contain and confront others, even at the risk of war? When Right Makes Might proposes that the ways in which a rising power legitimizes its expansionist aims significantly shapes great power responses. Stacie E. Goddard theorizes that when faced with a new challenger, great powers will attempt to divine the challenger's intentions: does it pose a revolutionary threat to the system or can it be incorporated into the existing international order? Goddard departs from conventional theories of international relations by arguing that great powers come to understand a contender's intentions not only through objective capabilities or costly signals but by observing how a rising power justifies its behavior to its audience. To understand the dynamics of rising powers, then, we must take seriously the role of legitimacy in international relations.A rising power's ability to expand depends as much on its claims to Trade ReviewThis social constructivist alternative to a rationalist approach to international security is welcome. * Choice *Table of ContentsList of Tables Acknowledgments 1. The Great Powers' Dilemma: Uncertainty, Intentions, and Rising Power Politics 2. The Politics of Legitimacy: How a Rising Power's Right Makes Might 3. America's Ambiguous Ambition: Britain and the Accommodation of the United States, 1817–23 4. Prussia's Rule-Bound Revolution: Europe and the Destruction of the Balance of Power, 1863–64 5. Germany's Rhetorical Rage: Britain and the Abandonment of Appeasement, 1938–39 6. Japan's Folly: The Conquest of Manchuria, 1931–33 7. Conclusion: Legitimacy, Power, and Strategy in World Politics Notes Index

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Book SynopsisHow do states overcome problems of collective action in the face of human atrocities, terrorism and the threat of weapons of mass destruction? How does international burden-sharing in this context look like: between the rich and the poor; the big and the small? These are the questions Marina E. Henke addresses in her new book Constructing Allied Cooperation. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of 80 multilateral military coalitions, Henke demonstrates that coalitions do not emerge naturally. Rather, pivotal states deliberately build them. They develop operational plans and bargain suitable third parties into the coalition, purposefully using their bilateral and multilateral diplomatic connectionswhat Henke terms diplomatic embeddednessas a resource. As Constructing Allied Cooperation shows, these ties constitute an invaluable state capability to engage others in collective action: they are tools to construct cooperation.Pulling apart the strategTrade ReviewThe impressive study provides one of the best efforts yet to understand how and why states have built coalitions to pursue military operations... Henke demonstrates the importance of diplomacy and leadership in building a successful coalition. * Foreign Affairs *If you wish to understand the inner workings of coalition creation, this is the book for you. At a time when the Department of State has been devalued, this book helps to demonstrate exactly when maintaining a deep and extensive diplomatic staff around the globe is of keen US national security interest. * H-Net *Henke opens with her theoretical argument, then launches into a quantitative analysis of 80 multilateral military coalitions. These richly detailed case studies enliven this innovative, interesting, and convincing book, which serves not only as a scholarly work but as a manual for would-be pivotal states on constructing a multilateral military coalition * Choice *Marina E. Henke's Constructing Allied Cooperation, is an impressive book that proposes a novel mechanism behind the formation of short-term military coalitions. * International Peacekeeping *Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Acknowledgments 1. The Puzzle of Organizing Collective Action 2. Constructing Multilateral Military Coalitions 3. A Quantitative Test: What Factors Influence Multilateral Military Coalition Building? 4. Chaining Communists:: The Korean War (1950–1953) 5. Saving Darfur: UNAMID (2007–) 6. Fighting for Independence in East Timor: INTERFET (1999–2000) 7. Resisting Rebels in Chad and the Central African Republic: EUFOR Chad-CAR (2008–2009) 8. Power, Diplomacy, and Diplomatic Networks Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRebel Politics analyzes the changing dynamics of the civil war in Myanmar, one of the most entrenched armed conflicts in the world. Since 2011, a national peace process has gone hand-in-hand with escalating ethnic conflict. The Karen National Union (KNU), previously known for its uncompromising stance against the central government of Myanmar, became a leader in the peace process after it signed a ceasefire in 2012. Meanwhile, the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) returned to the trenches in 2011 after its own seventeen-year-long ceasefire broke down. To understand these puzzling changes, Brenner conducted ethnographic fieldwork among the KNU and KIO, analyzing the relations between rebel leaders, their rank-and-file, and local communities in the context of wider political and geopolitical transformations. Drawing on Political Sociology, Rebel Politics explains how revolutionary elites capture and lose legitimacy within their own movements and how these internal cTrade Review"Rebel Politics is underpinned by years of extraordinary fieldwork, including unprecedented access to the leaders of some of Myanmar's ethnic-minority rebel groups. It is a pathbreaking book, essential reading not only for Myanmar-watchers but also anyone interested in insurgencies and state formation." -- Lee Jones, Queen Mary University of London, author of Societies Under SiegeTable of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Abbreviations Note on Citation Introduction: Playing the Long Game 1. Teaching Revenge: Social Aspirations and the Fragmented Subject of Early Modern Conduct Books 2. Feeling Revenge: Emotional Transmission and Contagious Vengeance in Donne's Deaths Duell 3. Fantasizing about Revenge: Vagrancy and the Formation of the Social Body in Shakespeare's 2 Henry VI and Nashe's The Unfortunate Traveller 4. Commemorating Revenge: Mourning, Memory, and Retributive Alternatives in the English Interregnum Afterword: What Remains of Civil Vengeance? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRebel Politics analyzes the changing dynamics of the civil war in Myanmar, one of the most entrenched armed conflicts in the world. Since 2011, a national peace process has gone hand-in-hand with escalating ethnic conflict. The Karen National Union (KNU), previously known for its uncompromising stance against the central government of Myanmar...Trade Review"Rebel Politics is underpinned by years of extraordinary fieldwork, including unprecedented access to the leaders of some of Myanmar's ethnic-minority rebel groups. It is a pathbreaking book, essential reading not only for Myanmar-watchers but also anyone interested in insurgencies and state formation." -- Lee Jones, Queen Mary University of London, author of Societies Under SiegeTable of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Abbreviations Note on Citation Introduction: Playing the Long Game 1. Teaching Revenge: Social Aspirations and the Fragmented Subject of Early Modern Conduct Books 2. Feeling Revenge: Emotional Transmission and Contagious Vengeance in Donne's Deaths Duell 3. Fantasizing about Revenge: Vagrancy and the Formation of the Social Body in Shakespeare's 2 Henry VI and Nashe's The Unfortunate Traveller 4. Commemorating Revenge: Mourning, Memory, and Retributive Alternatives in the English Interregnum Afterword: What Remains of Civil Vengeance? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDo countries fight wars for oil? Given the resource''s exceptional military and economic importance, most people assume that states will do anything to obtain it. Challenging this conventional wisdom, The Oil Wars Myth reveals that countries do not launch major conflicts to acquire petroleum resources. Emily Meierding argues that the costs of foreign invasion, territorial occupation, international retaliation, and damage to oil company relations deter even the most powerful countries from initiating classic oil wars. Examining a century of interstate violence, she demonstrates that, at most, countries have engaged in mild sparring to advance their petroleum ambitions.The Oil Wars Myth elaborates on these findings by reassessing the presumed oil motives for many of the twentieth century''s most prominent international conflicts: World War II, the two American Gulf wars, the IranIraq War, the Falklands/Malvinas War, and the Chaco War. These case studies show that Trade ReviewMeirerding's book is a great contribution to the literature on international relations. The book is an important read for historians, political scientists, and international relations experts interested in the connection, or lack of, between key commodities and natural resources, and interstate conflicts. * H-Net Reviews *Meierding's, The Oil Wars Myth [is an] admirable and well-researched book, therefore, challeng[ing] many existing assumptions about the nexus between international security, petroleum resources, and the likelihood of conflict and wars. * H-Diplo *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Blood and Oil 1. From Value to Violence: Connecting Oil and War 2. Explaining the Oil Wars Myth: Mad Max and El Dorado 3. Why Classic Oil Wars Do Not Pay 4. Searching for Classic Oil Wars 5. Red Herrings: The Chaco and Iran–Iraq Wars 6. Oil Spats: The Falkland/Malvinas Islands Dispute 7. Oil Campaigns: World War II 8. Oil Gambit: Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait Conclusion: Petro-Myths and Petro-Realities

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Book SynopsisBlack Gold and Blackmail seeks to explain why great powers adopt such different strategies to protect their oil access from politically motivated disruptions. In extreme cases, such as Imperial Japan in 1941, great powers fought wars to grab oil territory in anticipation of a potential embargo by the Allies; in other instances, such as Germany in the early Nazi period, states chose relatively subdued measures like oil alliances or domestic policies to conserve oil. What accounts for this variation? Fundamentally, it is puzzling that great powers fear oil coercion at all because the global market makes oil sanctions very difficult to enforce.Rosemary A. Kelanic argues that two variables determine what strategy a great power will adopt: the petroleum deficit, which measures how much oil the state produces domestically compared to what it needs for its strategic objectives; and disruptibility, which estimates the susceptibility of a state''s oil imports to military interdTrade ReviewKelanic takes a deep dive into national governments' strategies to protect their access to oil by imagining how bad actors might interfere and by developing 'anticipatory strategies' to protect access. Her arguments are forceful and... convincing. * The Middle East Journal *Kelanic's, Black Gold and Blackmail: Oil and Great Power Politics is deeply engaging and [an] important book that advance[s] our knowledge on the politics of energy security. * H-Diplo *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Ubiquity of Oil 1. A Theory of Strategic Anticipation 2. Oil and Military Effectiveness 3. Qualitative Methods for Testing the Theory 4. British Vulnerability and the Conquest of Mesopotamia 5. The Oil Strategies of Nazi Germany 6. American Efforts to Avoid Vulnerability 7. Empirical Tests with Fuzzy-Set QCA Conclusion: Oil and the Future of Great Power Politics

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Book SynopsisPolicymakers worry that ungoverned spaces pose dangers to security and development. Why do such spaces exist beyond the authority of the state? Earlier scholarshipwhich addressed this question with a list of domestic failuresoverlooked the crucial role that international politics play. In this shrewd book, Melissa M. Lee argues that foreign subversion undermines state authority and promotes ungoverned space. Enemy governments empower insurgents to destabilize the state and create ungoverned territory. This kind of foreign subversion is a powerful instrument of modern statecraft. But though subversion is less visible and less costly than conventional force, it has insidious effects on governance in the target state.To demonstrate the harmful consequences of foreign subversion for state authority, Crippling Leviathan marshals a wealth of evidence and presents in-depth studies of Russia''s relations with the post-Soviet states, Malaysian subversion of the Philippines in tTrade ReviewLee's pathbreaking book provides the best study yet of how ungoverned spaces have become important in international conflict. * Foreign Affairs *Melissa Lee's superb new book challenges both the conventional wisdom and the qualification to identify an overlooked way in which conflictual relations between two states since 1960 have served to weaken, rather than strengthen, one of the disputants. * Perspective on Politics *Lee has written nothing short of a cornerstone book for any international relations or comparative politics scholar. * Security Studies Quarterly *As a whole, Crippling Leviathan stands at the intersection of comparative politics and international relations and makes contributions to both fields. Lee's chief theoretical insight is that state formation and consolidation—central concepts to scholarly work in both comparative politics and international relations—is not merely a domestic, but also a transnational process. Lee's chief empirical contribution is the creative and thoughtful measures for state capacity. * International Studies Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The International Dimensions of State Weakness 1. The State of State Authority 2. The Strategy of Foreign Subversion 3. Hostile Neighbors, Weak Peripheries 4. The Roots of Subversion 5. Undermining State Authority in the Philippines 6. Undermining State Authority in Cambodia Conclusion: The Leviathan, Crippled

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Book SynopsisHow do established powers react to growing competitors? The United States currently faces a dilemma with regard to China and others over whether to embrace competition and thus substantial present-day costs or collaborate with its rivals to garner short-term gains while letting them become more powerful. This problem lends considerable urgency to the lessons to be learned from Over the Horizon. David M. Edelstein analyzes past rising powers in his search for answers that point the way forward for the United States as it strives to maintain control over its competitors.Edelstein focuses on the time horizons of political leaders and the effects of long-term uncertainty on decision-making. He notes how state leaders tend to procrastinate when dealing with long-term threats, hoping instead to profit from short-term cooperation, and are reluctant to act precipitously in an uncertain environment. To test his novel theory, Edelstein uses lessons learned from history's great pTrade ReviewOver the Horizon asks important questions, provides clear arguments, and delivers an elegant theory that pushes Realist scholarship in new directions. * H-War *Edelstein (Georgetown) provides a timely analysis of the relations between established and rising great powers in order to determine why variations between cooperation and competition occur between them. * Choice *There is much to like about this volume. The writing is crisp, and the case studies—evaluating the impact of time horizons visàvis the rise of Germany and the United States, Germany's interwar resurgence, and the origins of the Cold War—are a model for qualitative research. More substantively, Edelstein has issued a clarion call for scholars to directly study states' temporal calculations and how these calculations affect foreign policy. Even if one does not accept the argument, future work will need to address the importance of time horizons. * Political Science Quarterly *David Edelstein's book makes significant and novel theoretical contributions toward studying great and rising powers. * International Studies Review *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Time Horizons and International Politics 2. The Arrival of Imperial Germany 3. The Rise of the United States 4. The Resurgence of Interwar Germany 5. The Origins of the Cold War 6. Conclusion and the Contemporary Rise of China Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIn To Kill Nations Edward Kaplan describesa long process of evolution and adaptation as U.S. political and military leaders grappled with integrating nuclear weapons into national defense after World War II. Strikingly, he sees not a sudden revolution but a gradual process of incremental changes in military preparedness policy and action. * Journal of American History *There are many other studies of weapons development and Eisenhower and Kennedy's approaches to national defense. The great strength of Kaplan's is his tracing of the evolution of US policy in response to perceived Soviet capabilities. He astutely demonstrates how the Berlin and Cuban missile crises exposed the drawbacks of preparing primarily for an atomic war with the Soviet Union.To Kill Nations will enlighten readers seeking an intelligent overview of the evolution of airpower strategy in the first twenty-five years of the Cold War as well as, more specifically, President Eisenhower's New Look security policy and Robert McNamara's influence on national security strategy during the Kennedy administration. * Michigan War Studies Review *Kaplan draws extensively on archival records, including declassified government documents, to tell the story of how US nuclear strategy went from being focused on winning nuclear war with the Soviet Union to being more in line with the [mutually assured destruction] thinking made famous by early nuclear deterrence scholars, such as Thomas Schelling.... The book is a well-researched, interesting history of SAC and SAC's influence on US national security strategy during the first twenty years of the Cold War. * H-NET Reviews *Edward Kaplan's To Kill Nations is a fascinating work that packs a thermonuclear punch of ideas and arguments into 223 pages of dense but readable text (260 including endnotes, etc.). The work is suitable for anyone from advanced undergraduates to experts in the field. * Strategy Bridge *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Antecedents 2. Declaration, Action, and the Air-Atomic Strategy 3. Finding a Place 4. The Fantastic Compression of Time 5. To Kill a Nation 6. Stalemate, Finite Deterrence, Polaris, and SIOP-62 7. New Sheriff in Town 8. End of an Era Conclusion Key to Sources and Abbreviations Notes Index

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Book SynopsisIn Secession and Security, Ahsan I. Butt argues that states rather than separatists determine whether a secessionist struggle will be peaceful, violent, or genocidal. He investigates the strategies, ranging from negotiated concessions to large-scale repression, adopted by states in response to separatist movements. Variations in the external security environment, Butt argues, influenced the leaders of the Ottoman Empire to use peaceful concessions against Armenians in 1908 but escalated to genocide against the same community in 1915; caused Israel to reject a Palestinian state in the 1990s; and shaped peaceful splits in Czechoslovakia in 1993 and the Norway-Sweden union in 1905. Butt focuses on two main casesPakistani reactions to Bengali and Baloch demands for independence in the 1970s and India''s responses to secessionist movements in Kashmir, Punjab, and Assam in the 1980s and 1990s. Butt''s deep historical approach to his subject will appeal tTrade ReviewCompellingly and authoritatively researched. The research design—a case study approach—is exquisite. The case selections and criteria for comparison are academically sound. Butt also had access to scores of personal interviews as well as extensive archival data. The result is a significant and timely contribution to the scholarship on state decision-making in the international arena. * Choice *The spectacular achievement of Butt's seminal study is that it offers a refreshing theoretical explanation as to why states employ different strategies against separatists and, more importantly, it does so by presenting facts in an unbiased fashion. Secession and Security's academic rigour, in-depth analysis, accessibility and balanced objectivity make it a highly commendable contribution to International Relations theory and conflict studies. Apart from general readers, I highly recommend this book to scholars and policy-makers engaged in understanding and resolving the puzzling equation of state–separatist dynamics. * International Affairs *Masterly. * Northeast Now *Ahsan Butt makes a useful contribution by highlighting the international framework in explaining state response to secessionist movements but his question is very narrowly defined looking at ethnic difference when its trajectory implicitly or explicitly is separatist. * Bloomsbury Pakistan *

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. The Fall and Rise of Nonstate Violence 2. Coherence and Contestation: Explaining International Normative Change 3. Partisans, Liberators, and Militias: Normative Change and the Legitimization of Nonstate Violence 4. One Man's Freedom Fighter? Normative Change and the Geopolitical Construction of Terrorism 5. From Soldiers of Fortune to Fortune 500: Normative Contestation and the Return of Entrepreneurial Violence 6. What's at Stake? The Implications of Nonstate Actor Violence

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Book SynopsisIn Police, Provocation, Politics, Deniz Yonucu presents a counterintuitive analysis of contemporary policing practices, focusing particular attention on the incitement of counterviolence, perpetual conflict, and ethnosectarian discord by the state security apparatus. Situating Turkish policing within a global context and combining archival work and oral history narratives with ethnographic research, Yonucu demonstrates how counterinsurgency strategies from the Cold War and decolonial eras continue to inform contemporary urban policing in Istanbul. Shedding light on counterinsurgency''s affect-and-emotion-generating divisive techniques and urban dimensions, Yonucu shows how counterinsurgent policing strategies work to intervene in the organization of political dissent in a way that both counters existing alignments among dissident populations and prevents emergent ones. Yonucu suggests that in the places where racialized and dissident populations liTrade ReviewAn astute analysis of the mutually constitutive relationship between police/military forces and sources of political dissent and resistance in working-class neighborhoods of Istanbul. * Choice *Police, Provocation, Politics presents a deep understanding of urban policing and surveillance practices and how community members receive and respond to them. Many of the book's themes, arguments, and concepts relate to critical surveillance studies literature and present ethnographically grounded, rich, and innovative insights. * Surveillance and Society *Police, Provocation, Politics is a groundbreaking contribution to the anthropology of policing, surveillance, and resistance * Journal of Middle East Women's Studies *Police, Provocation, Politics makes a timely contribution to the rapidly growing critical scholarship on discriminatory and authoritarian policing, surveillance and security practices designed to disrupt, maintain or generate specific and selected socio-political orders. * International Journal of Urban and Regional Research *Presented with eloquent organization and lucid writing, the book exhibits ethnography at its prime. Yonucu's writing makes an invaluable contribution to both our understanding of the dialectical relationship between contemporary urban policing and politics, as well as the democratization of the scholarly field. * PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology *Through her deeply situated ethnography of a revolutionary community that has found ways of embodying an intergenerational revolutionary politics within and outside the modern state, Yonucu shows abolitionists everywhere ways of embodying liberation. * American Ethnologist *An inspiring example of the recent generation of urban studies scholarship in Turkey, Police, Provocation, Politics offers a major contribution to the field. * New Perspectives on Turkey *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Population, Provocative Counterorganization, and the War on Politics 1. The Possibility of Politics: People's Committees, Sanctuary Spaces, and Dissensus 2. "Gazas of Istanbul": Threatening Alliances and Militarized Spatial Control 3. Provocative Counterorganization: Violent Interpellation, Low-Intensity Conflict, Ethnosectarian Enclaves 4. Good Vigilantism, Bad Vigilantism: Crime, Community Justice, Mimetic Policing,and the Antiterror Laws 5. Inspirational Hauntings: Undercover Policeand the Spirits of Solidarity and Resistance 6. Gezi Uprisings: The Long Summer of Solidarity,and Resistance and the Great Divide Epilogue: Policing as the Generation of (Dis)Order

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Book SynopsisIn Reliability and Alliance Interdependence, Iain D. Henry argues for a more sophisticated approach to alliance politics and ideas of interdependence. It is often assumed that if the United States failed to defend an ally, then this disloyalty would instantly and irrevocably damage US alliances across the globe. Henry proposes that such damage is by no means inevitable and that predictions of disaster are dangerously simplistic. If other allies fear the risks of military escalation more than the consequences of the United States abandoning an ally, then they will welcome, encourage, and even praise such an instance of disloyalty. It is also often assumed that alliance interdependence only constrains US policy options, but Henry shows how the United States can manipulate interdependence to set an example of what constitutes acceptable allied behavior. Using declassified documents, Henry explores five case studies involving US alliances with STable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alliances, Reliability, and Interdependence 2. Forming Alliances in Asia, 1949-1951 3. Unleashing and Re-leashing Chiang Kai-shek, 1953-1954 4. Allies Encourage Limits on US Loyalty to Formosa, 1954-1955 5. Revision of the U.S.-Japan Alliance, 1955-1960 6. Negotiating the Reversion of Okinawa, 1967-1969 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisEncirclement, Andrea Bartoletti argues, is an essential strategic possibility of the international system and a key trigger of major war. Using historical case studies, Escaping the Deadly Embrace examines how great powers try to escape the two-front war problem and seek to preserve their security. Encirclement is a geographic variable that occurs in the presence of one or two great powers on two different borders of the surrounded great power. The surrounding great powers may not have the capacity to initiate a joint invasion. Yet their threatening presence triggers a double security dilemma for the encircled great power, which has to disperse its army to secure its borders. When the surrounding great powers become capable of launching a two-front attack, the encircled great power initiates war. This situation, disastrous in itself, can also lead to war contagion when other great powers intervene in the new conflict owing to the rival-based network of allTrade ReviewBartoletti's Escaping the Deadly Embrace is an important addition to the scholarly literature on the onset of major wars. His argument is compelling in the majority of the cases surveyed and for that reason alone merits careful consideration by future researchers. * H-Net *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. A Theory of Encirclement and Major War 2. France and the Italian Wars 3. France and the Thirty Years' War 4. Germany and World War I 5. The Origins of Modern Major Wars 6. The Future of Major War

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Book SynopsisIn A Lost Peace, Galen Jackson rewrites an important chapter in the history of the middle period of the Cold War, changing how we think about the Arab-Israeli conflict.During the June 1967 Middle East war, Israeli forces seized the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. This conflict was followed, in October 1973, by a joint Egyptian-Syrian attack on Israel, which threatened to drag the United States and the Soviet Union into a confrontation even though the superpowers had seemingly embraced the idea of détente. This conflict contributed significantly to the ensuing deterioration of US-Soviet relations.The standard explanation for why détente failed is that the Soviet Union, driven mainly by its Communist ideology, pursued a highly aggressive foreign policy during the 1970s. In the Middle East specifically, the conventional wisdom is that the Soviets play

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Book SynopsisIn 1951, General Omar Bradley declared publicly that war with China would involve the United States in the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy. Despite the stated intent of the U.S. to keep the Korean conflict from spreading, the debate on extending the war was far more intense and protracted than previous accounts of this period have suggested.Concentrating on the debate over expansion, Rosemary Foot reveals the strains it caused both within the U.S. bureaucracy and between America and its North Atlantic allies. She supplies important new information on the U.S. government''s appraisal of Sino-Soviet relations between 1950 and 1953, and makes clear that a high proportion of U.S. officials came to recognize the limited nature of Soviet support for China. Explaining why the Eisenhower administration nearly unleashed nuclear weapons on China in the spring of 1953, Foot demonstrates that the Korean war would very likely have grown inTrade ReviewFoot's understated and concise style may lead some readers to miss just how extensive and wise is her use of new archival materials and just how much she does to demolish the received wisdom on the Korean War. This book will remain a standard in the literature for many years to come. * The American Historical Review *Foot deserves high marks for her careful research, clear and restrained prose, and sensitivity to the nuances of the various arguments bandied about within the Truman and Eisenhower administrations. Her study sets a high standard for scholars who intend to follow her path. * Reviews in American History *A valuable, even exciting, study of decision making in a rapidly changing and complex environment. The book offers and provokes many challenging thoughts about the conduct of international affairs in general. * History *Readers will appreciate Foot's trenchant prose. The Wrong War advances new and perceptive interpretations that shatter traditional assumptions about the way the United States fought for an acceptable outcome in Korea. * Korean Studies *Foot has wrestled with a difficult objective in trying to prove that policymakers almost took an action that never in fact occurred. She does this cautiously and produces in the process an interesting new perspective on questions that received only simple answers in the past. The Wrong War is a significant step in the new scholarly reexamination of the Korean conflict. * Pacific Historical Review *Foot has written an important volume. Among her most provocative observations is that leaders in Washington came to understand during the Korean war that the Soviets' support of their Chinese allies was considerably less forthcoming than one might have expected in view of the Sino-Soviet Pact of 1950. Foot provides a careful and thoughtful account of the discussion within the Eisenhower administration on the question of whether the United States ought to resort to such an extreme tactic. * The Journal of American History *

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Book SynopsisThe Burden-Sharing Dilemma examines the conditions under which the United States is willing and able to pressure its allies to assume more responsibility for their own defense. The United States has a mixed track record of encouraging allied burden-sharingwhile it has succeeded or failed in some cases, it has declined to do so at all in others. This variation, Brian D. Blankenship argues, is because the United States tailors its burden-sharing pressure in accordance with two competing priorities: conserving its own resources and preserving influence in its alliances. Although burden-sharing enables great power patrons like the United States to lower alliance costs, it also empowers allies to resist patron influence. Blankenship identifies three factors that determine the severity of this burden-sharing dilemma and how it is managed: the latent military power of allies, the shared external threat environment, and the level of a patron''s resource constrain

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Book SynopsisBecause authoritarian regimes like North Korea can impose the costs of sanctions on their citizens, these regimes constitute "hard targets." Yet authoritarian regimes may also be immune—and even hostile—to economic inducements if such inducements imply reform and opening. This book captures the effects of sanctions and inducements on North Korea and provides a detailed reconstruction of the role of economic incentives in the bargaining around the country's nuclear program. Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland draw on an array of evidence to show the reluctance of the North Korean leadership to weaken its grip on foreign economic activity. They argue that inducements have limited effect on the regime, and instead urge policymakers to think in terms of gradual strategies. Hard Target connects economic statecraft to the marketization process to understand North Korea and addresses a larger debate over the merits and demerits of "engagement" with adversaries.Trade Review"Hard Target makes an outstanding contribution to the study of the political economy of engagement with North Korea. Analytically rigorous, empirically rich, and far-reaching in its policy implications, this book is a must-read."—Chung-in Moon, Yonsei University"Following the money, Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland have carefully crafted an innovative study of the evolving political economy of North Korea. They provide important insights about the effectiveness of sanctions and engagement strategies. Amid an increasing application of sanctions, Hard Target contributes much needed sophistication and nuance to over-simplified debates about dealing with North Korea."—John S. Park, Harvard University"Hard Target is an academic book in the most complimentary sense of the term....[It] is certainly a must-read for scholars and practitioners who claim some stake in the North Korea debate. Readers will appreciate Haggard and Noland's honest, but sobering assessment of the North Korean crisis and the results of sanctions and inducements."—Andrew I. Yeo, Pacific AffairsTable of Contents1. Introduction: The Political Economy of Engagement 2. The Political Economy of North Korea: The Paradigmatic Hard Target 3. North Korea's External Economic Relations, 1990–2016 4. Humanitarian Dilemmas: The Political Economy of Food 5. The Microeconomics of Engagement 6. Negotiating on Nuclear Weapons I: The Rise and Fall of the Six Party Talks (2001-2008) 7. Negotiating on Nuclear Weapons II: Permanent Crisis, 2009-2016 8. Conclusion: Whither North Korea? Whither Economic Statecraft?

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Book SynopsisIslam in the Balance: Ideational Threats in Arab Politics is an analysis of how ideas, or political ideology, can threaten states and how states react to ideational threats. It examines the threat perception and policies of two Arab Muslim majority states, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, in response to the rise and activities of two revolutionary "Islamic states," established in Iran (1979) and Sudan (1989). Using these comparative case studies, the book provides important insight about the role of religious ideology for the international and domestic politics of the Middle East and, in doing so, advances our understanding of how, why, and when ideology affects threat perception and state policy. Rubin makes clear that transnational ideologies may present a greater and more immediate national security threat than shifts in the military balance of power: first because ideology, or ideational power, triggers threat perception and affects state policy; second because states engage in ideational balancing in response to an ideological threat. The book has significant implications for international relations theory and engages important debates in comparative politics about authoritarianism and Islamic activism. Its findings about how an Islamist regime or state behaves will provide vital insight for policy creation by the US and its Middle East allies should another such regime or state emerge.Trade Review"Rubin's work engages and even bridges international relations theories from neoclassical realism to constructivism . . . Islam in the Balance is an excellent book. It adds to the small but growing literature on the international relations of the Middle East, introduces important new concepts that can be applied well beyond the case studies in the book, and is a well-written text that will be of great interest to scholars, policymakers, and the informed general public." -- Curtis R. Ryan * Political Science Quarterly *"This book adds to and extends the international relations (IR) theory literature on what could be colloquially described as wars of words . . . The chief merit of this book is that it helps to counterbalance and correct IR theories which subordinate ideas to material capabilities (military, economic, geo-strategic) or which exclude ideas altogether in favour of numerically quantifiable calculations of force. The book's fidelity to neo-classical realism adds to its persuasive power among the scholarly community most in need of convincing." -- Scott Morrison * Journal of Islamic Studies *"Overall, this is an interesting book as it focuses on a foreign policy dimension not usually given much attention, especially in 'realist' treatments of international relations . . . In sum, Islam in the Balance is interesting for the way it seeks to take ideas seriously in foreign policy. Those interested in foreign interactions between the governments of Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, especially in the ways that 'Islam' can form a component of such interactions, would find this book useful." -- Jeffrey Haynes * Middle East Journal *"Rubin presents a very concise and clearly defined theoretical framework, and the case studies provide a well-organized analysis tracing the evolution of Egyptian/Saudi-Iranian/Sudanese relations within the ideational security dilemma/balancing model . . . Recommended." -- C. H. Allen * CHOICE *"Why do Arab regimes so frequently find ideological movements beyond their borders so threatening? Islam in the Balance provides an innovative and thoughtful new argument for the centrality of ideas and ideology to the international relations of the Middle East. By examining the reactions of key Arab regimes to Iran's revolution, Sudan's Islamist coup, and the electoral success of the Muslim Brotherhood, Larry Rubin sheds new light on the relationship between ideas and power in Arab politics and advances our understanding of the non-material components of regional power politics." -- Marc Lynch * The George Washington University *"This groundbreaking book unites theoretical innovation with area-based insight. New concepts—ideational security dilemma and ideological balancing—are used to explain the dynamics of regional politics in the Middle East. It is essential reading for area specialists, along with political scientists and even a more general audience." -- Patrick James, Dornsife Dean's Professor, School of International Relations * University of Southern California *"Situated between realist and constructivist approaches, Rubin demonstrates that bringing Islam, and presumably other transnational ideologies, into the story can enrich explanations of foreign policy very significantly, in at least some cases. Accordingly, his insightful and original study will be of interest to students of interstate relations and foreign policy in general, as well as those interested in Middle East international relations." -- Mark Tessler * Perspectives on Politics *

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Book SynopsisOne of the gravest issues facing the global community today is the threat of nuclear war. As a growing number of nations gain nuclear capabilities, the odds of nuclear conflict increase. Yet nuclear deterrence strategies remain rooted in Cold War models that do not take into account regional conflict. Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers an innovative theory of brokered bargaining to better understand and solve regional crises. As the world has moved away from the binational relationships that defined Cold War conflict while nuclear weapons have continued to proliferate, new types of nuclear threats have arisen. Moeed Yusuf proposes a unique approach to deterrence that takes these changing factors into account. Drawing on the history of conflict between India and Pakistan, Yusuf describes the potential for third-party intervention to avert nuclear war. This book lays out the ways regional powers behave and maneuver in response to the pressures of strong global powers. Moving beyond debates surrounding the widely accepted rational deterrence model, Yusuf offers an original perspective rooted in thoughtful analysis of recent regional nuclear conflicts. With depth and insight, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments urges the international community to rethink its approach to nuclear deterrence.Trade Review"This outstanding book serves as a sobering reminder of the dangers that crises between regional nuclear actors pose to global peace. One of the world's foremost experts on U.S. policy towards South Asia, Moeed Yusuf has produced powerful original scholarship that emphasizes the critical role the United States has played, and must continue to play, in managing these crises. An absolute must-read for policy makers." -- Stephen J. Hadley * former U.S. National Security Advisor *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments expands our understanding of a new, dangerous frontier in international security: the bargaining and decision-making of regional nuclear rivals, in crises that play out under the purview of powerful third parties. Moeed Yusuf illuminates these dynamics in surprising ways, weaving together insights from theories of nuclear strategy and diplomacy, third-party conflict management, and unipolarity. The study gives us much to think about as we consider how similar nuclear crises in South Asia, and other regional contexts, could unfold and—one hopes—be resolved short of war." -- Timothy Crawford * Boston College *"In this important new book, Moeed Yusuf shows that the nuclear crises of today are multiplayer games and that the role of the third-party mediator may in fact be the most important. A truly valuable theoretical and empirical contribution." -- Vipin Narang * Massachusetts Institute of Technology *"This brilliant book raises important questions about the nuclear futures of the world. With the US edging towards one side in South Asia, and trying to get the Chinese to play a new role in South and East Asia, will the concept of brokered bargaining be pushed to the breaking point? Will China (or a subordinate state) be persuaded that force is useful or necessary? The book forces one to think afresh about these issues." -- Stephen P. Cohen, Senior Fellow Emeritus * Brookings Institution *"We tested the nuclear-weapons capability a score ago. We need to add value to the theoretical and strategic literature on the subject. That Yusuf is the first to do so is highly commendable. Interestingly, the work is also meant for the informed generalist. In addition to conceptual originality, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments also provides original, first-time information on the three crises Yusuf studies. That information, in and of itself, is crucial to understanding how decision-making plays out in the South Asian context." -- Ejaz Haider * Dawn *"The result is a highly original contribution to nuclear theory –- an area that has largely remained the preserve of Euro-American scholars in the past—as Yusuf presents his own model of 'brokered bargaining' to conceptualize crises in regional contexts." -- Wajahat Ali * Arab News *"Moeed Yusuf's riveting insights on the subject could not have come at a better time for practitioners and scholars. It gives a much-needed glance into the US playbook and how it is likely to be used in future crises in the South Asian theater. It is a rich addition to scholarship because it analyzes South Asian crises beyond the deterrence framework and concludes that crises behavior will be influenced by many other factors than nuclear and conventional deterrence." -- Syed Ali Zia Jaffery * Pakistan Politico *"Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments offers a valuable analytical lens to students of nuclear politics in international relations by outlining the trilateral and multilateral dynamics in regional nuclear environments. Yusuf's prudent narration of the post-Cold War nuclearized canvas of South Asia and of the three Indo-Pak crises will positively engage readers from the region and outside." -- Tanvi Kulkarni * South Asian Voices *"Moeed Yusuf's book not only provides a comprehensive insight into the role effectively played by the US as a third party – an aspect which has been discussed by other writers as well, but it makes a successful attempt at theorising why and how presence and role of the US impacts crisis behaviour in a nuclear environment." -- Salma Malik * The Friday Times *"Moeed Yusuf's book, Brokering Peace in Nuclear Environments, is remarkable for two reasons. First, inheriting an academic discourse on international conflict that is accustomed to thinking in dyads, it reminds us that the real world is less simple, and brings into focus tripartite engagement, with additional actors having speaking parts. Second, it reconstructs three recent crisis events in quiet detail. This distillation, based in part on an impressive list of interviews, is useful especially to those interested in studying India-Pakistan relations with specific focus on nuclear policy and advocacy." -- Swarna Rajagopalan * H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews *"[T]his book carries immense value by bringing forth a crisis management "playbook" for third party powers and in incisively explaining the crisis behavior of regional powers. Its perceptive description of the three crises in South Asia carries great value for the scholars of strategic studies as well as policymakers grappling with crisis management in nuclearized environments." -- Saima Aman Sial * South Asian Voices *"I hope tomorrow's negotiators will read this book." -- Teresita C. Schaffer * South Asia Hand *"This is a timely book. [A] valuable contribution to an area that has received inadequate attention since the end of the Cold War."––Rajesh Basrur, International Affairs"This excellent book shows the critical role played by the United States and other third parties, including the United Kingdom and China, in de-escalating the first three nuclear crises since the May 1998 Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests....[A] major contribution to the literature on the elusive search for 'crisis stability' in Indo–Pakistani relations." -- Mario E. Carranza * The Nonproliferation Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Regional Nuclear Crises in a Unipolar World chapter abstractThe Introduction lays the groundwork for the rest of the book by introducing the need for a theory of nuclear crisis behavior centered on third-party mediation. Specifically, how does the presence of the unipole and stronger third parties alter the crisis behavior of regional nuclear powers situated within a unipolar world? And what implications does this have for crisis management, stability, and outcomes? The chapter introduces the puzzle and explains the book's empirical focus on South Asia by highlighting that India and Pakistan are the only regional nuclear powers to have experienced major crises since the end of the Cold War. The chapter also summarizes the key findings from the three case studies, the 1999 Kargil conflict, the 2001–2002 military standoff, and the 2008 Mumbai crisis, and confirms evidence in line with the proposed theory of brokered bargaining. 1Understanding Nuclear Crisis Behavior: A Survey of the Literature chapter abstractThis chapter surveys the literature on nuclear crises. It begins by summarizing the Cold War treatment of these episodes, highlighting the centrality of bilateral deterrence and models such as "brinkmanship" in creating expectations for nuclear crisis behavior. Even though third-party actors remained important as superpower allies during the Cold War, literature during this period suffered from a two-actor bias flowing from the global hegemony of the superpowers. Post–Cold War literature tends to account for regional nuclearization and unipolarity but in summarizing this body of work, the chapter identifies that there is still insufficient knowledge of the various factors at play in regional nuclear crises. 2Setting Up the Inquiry: An Introduction to Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter introduces brokered bargaining as a three-actor model that explains patterns of state behavior in regional crises in a unipolar global setting. The chapter presents ten propositions that are posited to collectively shape crisis behavior of the United States and other strong states acting as third-party mediators and of regional rivals. Crisis behavior of regional rivals ought to be marked by a constant tension between their incentives to pursue their maximalist objectives and their compulsion not to defy the third party completely given its power to tilt the crisis decisively against them. The third party would seek to heighten the antagonists' sensitivity to its preference for de-escalation ahead of their ideal crisis outcomes. Brokered bargaining unpacks the processes and mechanisms that underpin this trilateral interaction. The last part of the chapter presents the methodology applied to the case studies in the next section of the book. 3The Kargil Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 1999 Kargil conflict between India and Pakistan, and establishes that what may otherwise be construed as a classic limited war where major conflict was avoided due to nuclear deterrence was in reality a display of brokered bargaining. This entailed the United States and other major powers ignoring Pakistan's effort to manipulate the risk of war and its pleas for support to help terminate the crisis while it was in possession of forcibly occupied territory in Indian Kashmir. They deemed Pakistan's unilateral withdrawal to be the most realistic and efficient way of ensuring crisis termination. India reacted militarily to Pakistan's provocation but kept its actions limited to retain international goodwill and get the third party to make efforts to ensure Pakistan's withdrawal. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced due to India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's outlook toward the crisis. 4The 2001–2002 Military Standoff chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2001–2002 military standoff that kept India and Pakistan on the verge of war for ten months. Brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. India threatened to use military force but pulled back at critical junctures as the United States acted as a guarantor of Pakistan's promises of curbing cross-border terrorism and raised India's costs of defying third-party demands to de-escalate. Pakistan promised retaliation against India and harmed the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan by withdrawing forces from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, but this "autonomous" behavior was trumped by its propensity to oblige the United States by accepting some responsibility for anti-India terrorism and acting tangibly against militants. The chapter also analyzes the several risks of escalation introduced by India's and Pakistan's misperceptions of the third party's leverage over the opponent. 5The Mumbai Crisis chapter abstractThis chapter examines the 2008 Mumbai crisis and shows that brokered bargaining characterized crisis behavior of the rivals and the U.S.-led third party. In a situation that could have boiled over given the spectacular nature of the terrorist attacks that triggered the crisis, India, Pakistan, and the United States exhibited an even greater sense of familiarity with the opportunities and limitations associated with the trilateral bargaining framework. Despite threatening military action at times, India relied almost exclusively on the United States to pursue its crisis objectives. Without boxing it in completely, the United States pressured Pakistan and forced it to take actions against terrorists believed to be linked to the attacks, and used this to pacify India. The centrality of the third-party strand of crisis management helps explain the prudence both sides exhibited in avoiding brinkmanship. 6Brokered Bargaining: Observations and Lessons for South Asia chapter abstractDrawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia's first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each crisis, the concern about escalation forced the United States and other strong states to engage, largely unsolicited, and use a mix of rewards and threats with the regional rivals to achieve de-escalation. Both India and Pakistan eagerly engaged the third-party and oscillated between manipulating the risk of war and deferring to its preferences to gain its support. The process encompassing this dynamic interaction explained both the specific choices and the overall crisis behavior of the three actors. Escalation risks due to the "moral hazard problem," the "multiple-audience problem," and the peacetime policy choices of the antagonists and the United States were present. 7Beyond South Asia: Generalizing the Application of Brokered Bargaining chapter abstractThis chapter addresses the general applicability of brokered bargaining beyond South Asia, focusing on four prototypes of rivalries: between countries that are considered friends of the unipole (futuristic crisis scenarios involving Israel versus a nuclear Saudi Arabia, Turkey, or Egypt); between a friend and foe of the unipole (Israel versus a nuclear Iran); between a foe of the unipole and an ally with formally extended deterrence guarantees (Korean peninsula); and between a friend and a presumptive great power rival of the unipole (India versus China). The discussion establishes the similarities and differences of these prototypes with the South Asian cases. While each presents a somewhat distinct set of challenges for third-party actors, the fundamental crisis dynamic whereby the third party works to secure de-escalation without seeking to alienate either conflicting party completely and the antagonists feel compelled not to defy it outright remains valid in each case. 8Brokered Bargaining: Implications for Theory and Practice chapter abstractThis chapter reflects on the theoretical and practical implications of the book. It highlights the work's contribution to the otherwise undertheorized role of third parties in preventing war, its fresh perspectives on the optimism-pessimism debate on nuclear deterrence, and its attention to scholarship on nonnuclear subjects, primarily mediation, unipolarity theory, and sociological literature on "evaluation" by external audiences. The discussion highlights policy recommendations for decision makers in the United States, other third-party states, India, Pakistan, and other potential regional nuclear rivals. It stresses the need for a holistic U.S. policy approach to crises between regional nuclear powers.

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