Veterinary medicine Books

Table of ContentsIntroductory papers.- Agricultural Research Co-Ordination in the European Community.- Technical and Economic Background to Beef Production in Britain.- French Beef Production Systems from Grassland.- Beef suckler systems.- Summer Grazing and Winter Feeding Studies with Suckler Cows.- Some Effects of Changes in Liveweight in the Autumn Calving Suckler Herd.- The Performance of Beef Cows and their Calves at Pasture.- Dairy beef systems.- Grasp — A Grassland Planning Programme for the HP41C Programmable Calculator.- The Grassland Requirements of Different Breeds in Beef Production Systems.- Effect of Grazing Method, Nitrogen Level, Supplementary Feeding and Stocking Rate on Performance of Young Grazing Bulls.- All Grass Beef.- Performance of Bulls and Steers under Similar Feeding and Management Conditions.- Storage Feeding of Beef Bulls.- Beef cattle improvement.- A Comparison of Progeny Testing of Friesian Bulls Indoors and on Pasture.- Some Considerations on Performance Testing on Pasture for European Beef Breeds.- Experimental methods.- Measurement of Grazing Behaviour and Herbage Intake on Two Different Grazing Management Systems of Beef Production.- Concentrate Supplementation of Grazing Cattle.- A Technique for Measurement of Grazing Behaviour.- The Effect of Stocking Rate and Size of Animal on Herbage Intake and Animal Performance.- Posters and short papers.- Heifer Performance on High Pastures and Digestibility of Pasture Grass.- Preventive Measures to Control Intestinal Parasites in Grazing Young Stock.- Continuous and Rotational Grazing for Beef Production.- Monensin-Sodium and Lasalocid-Sodium as Growth Promoters for Grazing Young Beef Bulls.- Conclusions.- Summary of the Final Discussion.- List of participants.

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Book SynopsisThe transport of farm livestock was the subject of the seminar held from 7 - 8 July 1981 at the Commission of the European Communities (CECl, Directorate General for Agriculture, Brussels as part of the work of the Division Coordinating Agricultural Research. The aims of the seminar were to examine the knowledge available on how the physiology and behaviour of animals may change during transport; to consider the significance of these changes in relation to welfare and economics and to assess those actions which as experimental projects or observational studies might be proposed to fill the most important gaps in our knowledge of the welfare of farm animals during transport. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the proceedings: 1. Much knowledge is available from both scientific observations and practical experience which could be used to improve the transport of livestock. Methods of loading, the construction of vehicles, ships, crates and aircraft could benefit from the application of existing knowledge. It is less clear whether it is best to concentrate on disseminating existing knowledge by education and advice or to contemplate more regulations. 2. Losses by down-grading at slaughter can largely be attributed to the ways in which animals are transported and handled.Table of ContentsSession I: Introduction.- Council of Europe Convention on Transport of Livestock, EC Council Directive on Protection of Animals during International Transport.- Discussion.- The Office of International Epizootics (OIE) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA).- Discussion.- Session II: Physiological Changes Induced in Animals at Loading, during and after Transport and Their Effects: Including Behavioural Changes.- Handling of Slaughter Pigs Prior to Loading and during Loading on a Lorry.- Discussion.- Transport of Broilers.- Discussion.- Injuries during Catching and Transportation of Broilers.- Discussion.- Various Transport Conditions and Their Influence on Physiological Reactions.- Discussion.- Physiology of the Transport of Cattle.- Discussion.- Physiological Response of Pigs to Treadmill Exercise Used as a Standardised Stress.- Discussion.- Behaviour of Cattle during Transport and Penning Before Slaughter.- Discussion.- Session III: Significance of These Changes and Effects in Relation to Health and Well-Being.- Losses Caused by Transport of Slaughter Pigs in the Netherlands.- Discussion.- Recent Results from Investigations of Transportation of Pigs for Slaughter.- Discussion.- Physiological Reaction of Slaughter Animals during Transport.- Discussion.- Session IV: Means of Transport, with Particular Reference to Their Construction.- Transport of Day Old Chicks by Air.- Discussion.- Bulk Transportation of Farm Animals by Air and Vehicular Ferries.- Transportation of Sheep by Ship from Australia to the Middle East.- Discussion.- Bulk Transport of Livestock by Sea with Particular Reference to Instruction, Procedure and Problems.- Discussion.- Session V: Present Research Being Undertaken and Consideration of What Further Studies, If Any, would be Desirable.- Transport of Animals Intended for Breeding Production and Slaughter.- Discussion.- Research on Transport Stress at Arc Bristol.- Discussion.- Research on Farm Animal Transport in France: A Survey.- Discussion.- Final Discussion.- List of Participants.

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Book SynopsisThe welfare of domestic poultry. particularly those kept under intensive housing conditions is a subject ~n which many. often divergent and conflicting views. are held. This divergence, may be the result either of insufficient knowledge of the facts of particular poultry husbandry systems or a differing interpretation of those facts. With regard to poultry and the laying hen in particular. there is a need to gather together a basic knowledge of avian behaviour in all the circumstances and systems of husbandry under which birds are presently being kept. That knowledge should lead to the development of interpretative and hopefully predictive theories which in turn will allow us to meet the recommendations of Article 3 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes: 'that animals shall be housed, provided with food. water and care in a manner which - having regard to their species and to their degree of development. adaptation and domestication - is appropriate to their physiological and ethological needs in accordance with established experience and scientific knowledge'. In furtherance of those objectives a small group of specialists in poultry physiology and ethology. both from within and outside the European Community met by invitation of the Commission in Luxembourg between 11 and 13 March 1980. Their objective was to discuss what is already known. and can be agreed on. of the normal physiology and ethological range of the laying hen.Table of ContentsOpening Remarks.- Session I Current Knowledge of “Normal” Range of Behaviour and Physiology.- The Ethogram of the Domesticated Hen.- Discussion.- To Adapt the Environment to the Bird or the Bird to the Environment ?.- Discussion.- Some Considerations Regarding Optimum Environmental Conditions for Laying Hens in Cage Management.- Discussion.- Corticosteroids in Laying Hens.- Discussion.- Summary and Discussion.- Session II Behavioural and Physiological Needs.- The Regulation of Dustbathing and Other Behaviour Patterns in the Laying Hen: A Lorenzian Approach.- Discussion.- Essential Behavioural Needs.- Discussion.- The Assessment of Behavioural Needs.- Discussion.- Essential Behavioural Needs: The Mixed Motivation Approach.- Discussion.- Summary and Discussion.- Session III Measurement of Essential and Behavioural Needs as Provided by the Present Husbandry Systems.- Measurement of Essential and Behavioural Needs as Provided by Present Husbandry Systems: Battery, ‘Get-Away’ Cage, Aviary.- Discussion.- Putting Science into Practice.- Discussion.- The Pre-Laying Behaviour of Laying Hens in Cages with and Without Laying Nests.- Discussion.- Some System Definitions and Characteristics.- Discussion.- Moulting in the Domestic Hen (Gallus domesticus) and Its Use and Effect.- Discussion.- Cages: How Could They be Improved?.- Discussion.- Final Discussion.- Summary.- Closing Remarks.- List of Participants.

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Book SynopsisI. Livestock Systems and Nutrition.- The Contribution of Livestock Products to Human Dietary Needs with Special Reference to North Africa and West Asia.- The Importance of Barley in Food Production and Demand in West Asia and North Africa.- Research Strategies for Development: Improving Sheep and Goat Production in Developing Countries.- Increasing Feed Resources for Small Ruminants in the Mediterranean Basin.- A Comparison of Grazing and Browsing Ruminants in the Use of Feed Resources.- Improving Livestock Production from Straw-Based Diets.- II. Breeding.- Breeding Strategies for Small Ruminants in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas.- A Strategy for the Exploitation of Sheep Genotypes for Improved Flock Performance.- Sheep and Goats: Their Relative Potential for Milk and Meat Production in Semi-Arid Environments.- New Technologies for Animal Improvement and Developing Countries.- Selection for Lamb Growth in Libyan Barbary Sheep.- The Awassi Sheep Breeding Project in Syria.- Past Experiences of Sheep Improvement in Egypt and Future Directions.- Genetic Improvement of Sheep in Turkey.- Sheep Breeding in Jordan and a Proposed Awassi Breed Improvement Programme.- Genetic Improvement of Sheep in Cyprus by Selection and/or Crossbreeding.- III. Health.- Studying Husbandry and Health of Awassi Sheep in Bedouin Flocks: Evaluation of Methodology Using Initial Results.- Emerging Bacterial Diseases that can Affect Small Ruminant Production.- The Economic Significance and Control of Small Ruminant Viruses in North Africa and West Asia.- Controlling Livestock Diseases in the Tropics by Breeding: A Perspective.- Impact on Productivity and Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal and Lungworm Parasites in Sheep in Morocco.- Resistance of Sheep and Goats to Helminth Infections: A Genetic Basis.- The Potential Use of Vaccines or Genetically Resistant Animals in the Control of Helminthiasis.- Mechanisms of Immunity to Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep.- Recommendations.- List of Authors and Participants.Table of ContentsI. Livestock Systems and Nutrition.- The Contribution of Livestock Products to Human Dietary Needs with Special Reference to North Africa and West Asia.- The Importance of Barley in Food Production and Demand in West Asia and North Africa.- Research Strategies for Development: Improving Sheep and Goat Production in Developing Countries.- Increasing Feed Resources for Small Ruminants in the Mediterranean Basin.- A Comparison of Grazing and Browsing Ruminants in the Use of Feed Resources.- Improving Livestock Production from Straw-Based Diets.- II. Breeding.- Breeding Strategies for Small Ruminants in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas.- A Strategy for the Exploitation of Sheep Genotypes for Improved Flock Performance.- Sheep and Goats: Their Relative Potential for Milk and Meat Production in Semi-Arid Environments.- New Technologies for Animal Improvement and Developing Countries.- Selection for Lamb Growth in Libyan Barbary Sheep.- The Awassi Sheep Breeding Project in Syria.- Past Experiences of Sheep Improvement in Egypt and Future Directions.- Genetic Improvement of Sheep in Turkey.- Sheep Breeding in Jordan and a Proposed Awassi Breed Improvement Programme.- Genetic Improvement of Sheep in Cyprus by Selection and/or Crossbreeding.- III. Health.- Studying Husbandry and Health of Awassi Sheep in Bedouin Flocks: Evaluation of Methodology Using Initial Results.- Emerging Bacterial Diseases that can Affect Small Ruminant Production.- The Economic Significance and Control of Small Ruminant Viruses in North Africa and West Asia.- Controlling Livestock Diseases in the Tropics by Breeding: A Perspective.- Impact on Productivity and Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal and Lungworm Parasites in Sheep in Morocco.- Resistance of Sheep and Goats to Helminth Infections: A Genetic Basis.- The Potential Use of Vaccines or Genetically Resistant Animals in the Control of Helminthiasis.- Mechanisms of Immunity to Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep.- Recommendations.- List of Authors and Participants.

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Book SynopsisOur aim in producing a colour atlas of toxicological guidelines itemize the investigations to be carried out pathology was to present a catalogue of histopathologi­ during the course of the study and they normally include: cal lesions which we had encountered over the years in clinical observations and behaviour; food intake and body various laboratory animal species exposed to a vast weight measurements; serum biochemistry; haema­ range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and industrial tology; ECG and ophthalmology. At the end of a study, chemicals. While we believe a colour atlas is the ideal full macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the way to share our experiences with others, it quickly organ weight analyses together with tissues are essen­ became clear to us that for the atlas to be meaningful tial. By far the greater part of the material used in this the associated text must be comprehensive and contain book is from toxicity studies conducted in recent years ample literature references. and performed in compliance with the Good Laboratory The atlas is intended for both the trainee and the Practice standards of governmental regulatory bodies in experienced toxicological pathologist working with lab­ Europe, Japan and North America. oratory animals in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical or Toxicity studies are commonly carried out in rats, chemical environment.Table of Contents1 The cardiovascular system.- 2 The respiratory system.- 3 The liver.- 4 The alimentary system and pancreas.- 5 The urinary system.- 6 The reproductive system.- 7 The endocrine glands.- 8 The lymphoid system.- 9 The nervous system.- 10 The eye and ear.- 11 The musculoskeletal system and skin.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes chapters originally presented at the 3rd FELASA Symposium, held in Amsterdam, June 1-5, 1987. Special topics were "Immune Deficiency Syndromes in Man and Animals", "DNA Technology and Laboratory Animal Science", "Interactions of Behaviour, Housing and Welfare", and "Laboratory Animals as Models in Biomedical Research". In addition, there was a great number of presentations concerning other aspects of laboratory animal science. We would like to thank the following persons for organizing the Symposium. Mrs. M.A.G. Kuipers, M.Sc., President FELASA Mrs. V. Baumans, D.V.M., Ph.D., Secretary FELASA P. de Vrey, D.V.M., Treasurer Mrs. I. Zaalmink, Organizing and Scientific Secretariat. The editors would also like to express their gratitude to all the participants and authors for their contribution to this succesful symposium. A.C. Beynen, Ph.D., Secretary Scientific Committee H.A. Solleveld, Ph.D., Chairman Scientific Committee FELASA Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations Gesellschaft fUr Versuchstierkunde/Society for Laboratory Animal Science Laboratory Animal Science Association Nederlandse Vereniging voor Proefdierkunde Scandinavian Federation for Laboratory Animal Science Societe Fran9aise d'Experimentation Animale VII CONTENTS Contributors ...xiii OPENING ADDRESS: THE FUTURE OF LABORATORY ANIMAL USE R.J. Samsom ...Table of ContentsOpening Address: The Future of Laboratory Animal Use.- The Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome in Man.- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes.- Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Rodents: The Nude Rat.- Animal Welfare — Common Interest.- Laboratory Animal ....... Science — Service — Use.- Laboratory Animal Science in Czechoslovakia.- On the Ethology of Pain, its Experience and Expression.- Pain in Neonates.- Endorphins and Pain.- Effects of Exogenous Pain Relieving Substances on Experimental Results.- Veterinary Care at the Primate Center TNO.- Developing Housing Facilities for Rhesus Monkeys: Prevention of Abnormal Behaviour.- Microbiological Quality Assurance and Quality Assessment of Laboratory Animals.- Centralisation — Decentralisation: Failure — Success.- The Effect of Homogenization and Pasteurization on the Allergenicity of Bovine Milk Analysed by a Murine Anaphylactic Shock Model.- Murine Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Test (PCA) for the “All or None” Determination of Allergenicity of Bovine Whey Proteins and Peptides.- Phenotypic and Patho-Morphological Characteristics in a Half-Sib-Family of Transgenic Mice Carrying Foreign MT-HGH Genes.- The Housing and Handling of Marmosets and Tamarins Infected With Aids and Other Retroviruses.- Long-Term Observation of Litter Intervals in Permanently Monogamous Mated Han:NMRI Mice.- Genital Inflammation in Male Mice. A Microbiological Study.- Microbial Assessment of a Single Fumigation by Formaldehyde of a Multi-Level Animal Facility.- Mechanisms of Natural Selection Maintaining in Groups of Highly Standardized Mice and Rats, Influence on Infection Resistance.- Provocation of Latent Infections.- to Recombinant DNA Technology.- DNA Hybridization as a Tool in Diagnosing Infectious Diseases. Comparison With Other Methods..- Embryo Transfer and Manipulation.- Strain Preservation of Rodent Embryos. Possibilities and Limitations.- The Generation of Transgenic Animals and Their Use in Fundamental Research.- On the Inheritance of Blood Characters in Mice.- Investigating Genetic Variability Between the MHS Hypertensive Strain of Rats and its Normotensive Control, MNS.- Gene Mapping and Linkage Homology.- A New Method to Produce Artificial Monozygotic Twins in Mice.- Genetic Analysis of Multigenic Traits Using the Recombinant Congenic Strains.- Acute Dermal Toxicity: Morphological Response of the Hairless Mice Skin Organ Culture.- The Dutch Rabbit in Toxicity Testing. Chemical-Induced Creatine Kinase Release; A Species- and Strain-Specific Response?.- Intertrial-Interval in the “Water Escape Test” in Mice.- Behaviour, Housing and Welfare of Non-Human Primates.- Housing and Welfare of Laboratory Rodents.- Housing Conditions and Experimental Results.- Basis of the European Guidelines: Facts or Intuition?.- Gnotobiotic Animals in Nutrition Research.- Animal Models for Cholesterol Metabolism Studies.- Animal Models in Hemostasis and Thrombosis.- Mice with Ulcerating Lesions on the Nose, Limbs and/or Tail.- Spontaneous Hyperplasia of the Endometrium in the Rabbit.- Monkey Graffity: Environmental Deficiency, Boredom or Artistic Drive?.- Marking of African Clawed Toads (Xenopus laevis). Improvement of a Skin Autograft Technique.- Changes in Energy Intake, Body Weight Gains, Average Feed Efficiency and Some Plasma Hormone Levels in Dogs from Different Environments.- Serum Concentrations of Vitamins A, D and E of Growing Beagles Fed Commercial Dog and Fox Diets.- Integration of HGH Gene in Transgenic Mice and Transmission to Next Generation.- Attempts to Produce Transgenic Rabbits Carrying MTI-HGH Recombinant Gene.- Electrofusion of Early Mammalian Embryo Cells.- Passive Infrared Movement Detector, A New Equipment to Monitor Motor Activity of Small Rodents in Normal Cages.- Establishment of a SPF Population of Cricetulus griseus.- Chronic Phlorizin Intoxication in Adipose Mutant Mice C57BL/KS db/db and in Normal Controls.- Plasma ?-Amylase and Lipase Activities in Dogs with Variations in Food Composition and Availability.- Locomotor Activity of a Behavior Mutant in NMRI Mice.- The Application of Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation to Commercial Laboratory Animal Breeding.- Serological Following of a Laboratory Rat Breeding Contaminated with Respiratory Viruses During 1981–1986.- Eradication of Encephalitozoonosis in Rabbit Breeding Colonies by Carbon Immunoassay.- Spontaneous Murine Hemosiderosis, A Model for Human Hemochromatosis?.- In Vitro Adhesion of K88 Positive E. Coli to Intestinal Villi of Just-Weaned Piglets.- The Effects of Gentling on Open-Field Behaviour of Rats.- Blastomere-Karyotyping: A Direct Method for Producing Mouse Trisomy 16 ? Diploid Aggregation Chimeras as an Animal Model of Human Down’s Syndrome.- A Proposed Species Difference in the Renal Excretion of Perfluoro Octanoic Acid in the Beagle Dog and Rat.- Measurement of Orthostatic Responses in Conscious Dogs.- Oral 65Zn Loading Test in Rats FED IRI-OB Diet with Various Zn Concentrations.- Mortality and Tumour Incidence of BDII/Han Rats.- Assessment of Discomfort Induced by Orbital Functure in Rats.- Effect of Morphinomimetics in Different Pain Tests.- Prevention of Early Deaths in Mice Contaminated with Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria and Fungus Following Irradiation.- Detection of Mycoplasma neurolyticum in a Colony of Inbred Mice: Clinically Silent Infection.- Effects of Handling and Transportation Stress on Rodents.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on the proceedings of a seminar on acute viral in­ fections of poultry, which was held in Brussels on 13-14 June 1985. The aim of the seminar, which was sponsored by the CEC, was to gather infor­ mation on those infections of immediate or increasing importance. It is hoped that dissemination of this information will make it easier to har­ monize diagnostic and control measures throughout the member states of the EEC. Several points emerge from recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza. In view of the apparent change in pathogenicity of the virus involved in the outbreak in the USA, infections of domestic poultry, particularly with H5 and H7 sub-types, should be regarded as a potential threat, even if the viruses involved are of low pathogenicity. The reasons for the amount of lateral spread which occurred in the USA outbreak are still not clear, and it can not be assumed that future outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza will tend to be self-limiting, as in the past. The importance of denying access of wild birds, particularly water fowl, to domestic poultry needs to be re-emphasised. Lastly, there appears to be increasing support for a combination of slaughter and ring vaccination to control future outbreaks of spreading avian influenza.Table of ContentsA Lethal Outbreak of H5N2 Influenza in Poultry in the USA: Virus Characterization and Host Range.- The Control and Epidemiology of an Influenza A Outbreak in Ireland.- Current Situation of Avian Influenza in Italy and Approaches to its Control.- Avian Influenza: Diagnosis and Vaccination.- Experimental Vaccination of Chickens Against Avian Influenza Subtype H5 With an Inactivated Oil Emulsion Vaccine.- The Classification, Host Range and Distribution of Avian Paramyxoviruses.- Paramyxovirus Type 1 Infection in Pigeons.- Vaccination of Pigeons With Live and Inactivated Vaccines Against Paramyxovirus 1 Infection.- Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 Infections in Pigeons - Spread to Domestic Poultry in Great Britain in 1984.- Recent Advances in Paramyxovirus Infection of Turkeys in France.- The Diagnosis and Control of Infectious Bronchitis Variant Infections.- A New Pathogenic Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated in France.- Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Bronchitis Virus Variant Strains Employing Monoclonal Antibodies.- Efficiency of Oil Adjuvanted Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines.- Evaluation of Vaccination Experiments in Broiler Breeders and Layers With Live Virus and Formalin Inactivated Oil Emulsion Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines.- Preliminary Results With a Combined Inactivated Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis (Variant Strain) Vaccine in Laying Hens.- An Enterotropic Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus.- Runting in Broilers.- Runting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens. Experimental Reproduction Studies.- Findings in History and Etiology of the Stunting Syndrome in the USA.- Recent Advances in Enterovirus Infections of Birds.- Avian Infectious Anaemia Caused by Chicken Anaemia Agent (CAA).- Recent Advances in Duck Viral Hepatitis.- Duck Hepatitis Type 2 Associated With an Astrovirus.- Dual Infections of Ducks With Derzsy’s Disease and Eds (A-127) Viruses.- Diagnosis and Control of Parvovirus Infection of Geese (Derzsy’s Disease).

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