Veterinary medicine Books

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Book SynopsisThis is the first guide to Veterinary Narrative Medicine, a cutting-edge approach in human medicine with multiple applications in veterinary medicine. The text combines the latest research with numerous real-world examples and practical techniques to improve client communication, patient care, and veterinary well-being. Narrative Medicine maintains that a patient should be viewed as an individual rather than an example of a disease process, and that this can be accomplished by using narrative. This book explores methods and theories from leaders in the human Narrative Medicine field while addressing topics unique to veterinary medicine. Readers will gain tools to help navigate difficult conversations and situations in clinical practice, including those involving the end of life. Narrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice also addresses the important issue of veterinary wellness. The ability to view the veterinarian''s own stories and those of clients and patientsTrade ReviewThis is a remarkable book. Karen Fine has a deep and intuitive understanding of Narrative Medicine and has applied this to veterinary practice in a way that is wise, compassionate and realistic. Dr Fine pays close attention to the complex dynamics that can exist between client, animal and veterinarian and how to harness these for effective treatment. Her book offers a feast of ideas, tips and heart-warming stories to guide everyday practice. This is an essential read for every veterinary student and practitioner.-- John Launer, Health Education England, author of Narrative-Based Practice in Health and Social Care (Routledge, 2018)This innovative book makes a compelling case for reimagining modern veterinary practice in ways that benefit the animal patient, its human caretaker, and veterinary professionals. As human-animal connections evolve, so must the practice of veterinary medicine. Pets today are often considered family members, and scientific advances offer more treatment options to consider. On the other hand, the practice of modern veterinary medicine is increasingly impersonal for both clients and veterinary staff. One remedy, the author suggests, is applying the Narrative Medicine or "three dimensional medicine" model, which takes into account the animal patient, the human caregiver, and environment and other contextual aspects. The author, a seasoned veterinarian, skillfully weaves together concepts and methods of the growing Narrative Medicine movement in human medicine to veterinary practice, as well as insights from history, psychology, and other disciplines. Most compelling, though, are veterinary professionals’ stories about their own experiences. Well organized and clearly written, this very readable book is an important resource for veterinary education and practice. It will also appeal to a broad audience of animal lovers and pet owners interested in better understanding human-animal relationships and veterinary medicine.-- Carolyn E. Ware, Associate Professor of English, Louisiana State University, USADr. Fine beautifully describes veterinary narrative medicine in this wide-ranging must-have book for all clinicians. She provides anecdotes that illustrate how applying this approach can improve the care we provide to our patients and clients, while also taking better care of ourselves. She makes the excellent case that narrative medicine is a necessary parallel to evidence-based medicine and makes us better (and more efficient) veterinarians with deeper connections to our clients, patients and work, mitigating pervasive burn-out, perfectionism and self-judgement. -- Annie Wayne DVM, MPH, DACVECC, Assistant Professor, Emergency and Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts UniversityDr. Karen Fine was the one to introduce me this last year to the concept of Narrative Medicine. I realize through our conversations and in the lessons learned from reading her book that this is an incredibly powerful way to navigate building community, decreasing empathic distress and compassion fatigue, and practicing veterinary medicine in a sustainable way. This book provides an invaluable learning opportunity for all stages of veterinary professional development. Dr. Fine’s voice and choice of words struck just the right balance between wise instructor and caring friend making the reading so enjoyable. Her work supports an important contribution to the necessary shift of our professional culture that sees the people as much as the veterinary patients with compassion and care. -- Sonja A. Olson, DVM, Clinical Health and Well-being Trainer at BluePearl Veterinary Partners, USABy bringing attention to the human component of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Fine has provided us with an empathic and holistic perspective to medical care that has great potential for healing in the animal community; not only for animals, but their human companions and veterinary professionals as well.-- Julie Gass, MSW, LICSW, Angell Animal Medical Center, USA Narrative medicine is a concept thoroughly laid out here by Dr. Karen Fine to consider the whole picture, the important human/animal bond, and the well-being of the entire unit. There, in so-doing, the veterinarian is also encouraged to be self-compassionate and embrace their humanity in their valued roles as caregivers to the animals of this partnership. This book's wisdom comes from a place of experience, tenderness, and "you are doing it right already" crafting. There is fair acknowledgement of the heavy parts, to the role of the peace-bringers we can be, and to the necessity that we veterinarians take as good care of ourselves as we do our animal patients. -- Monica Mansfield, D.V.M., Chairperson of MVMA Wellness Committee and MVMA President-ElectThis is a remarkable book. Karen Fine has a deep and intuitive understanding of Narrative Medicine and has applied this to veterinary practice in a way that is wise, compassionate and realistic. Dr Fine pays close attention to the complex dynamics that can exist between client, animal and veterinarian and how to harness these for effective treatment. Her book offers a feast of ideas, tips and heart-warming stories to guide everyday practice. This is an essential read for every veterinary student and practitioner.-- John Launer, Health Education England, author of Narrative-Based Practice in Health and Social Care (Routledge, 2018)This innovative book makes a compelling case for reimagining modern veterinary practice in ways that benefit the animal patient, its human caretaker, and veterinary professionals. As human-animal connections evolve, so must the practice of veterinary medicine. Pets today are often considered family members, and scientific advances offer more treatment options to consider. On the other hand, the practice of modern veterinary medicine is increasingly impersonal for both clients and veterinary staff. One remedy, the author suggests, is applying the Narrative Medicine or "three dimensional medicine" model, which takes into account the animal patient, the human caregiver, and environment and other contextual aspects. The author, a seasoned veterinarian, skillfully weaves together concepts and methods of the growing Narrative Medicine movement in human medicine to veterinary practice, as well as insights from history, psychology, and other disciplines. Most compelling, though, are veterinary professionals’ stories about their own experiences. Well organized and clearly written, this very readable book is an important resource for veterinary education and practice. It will also appeal to a broad audience of animal lovers and pet owners interested in better understanding human-animal relationships and veterinary medicine.-- Carolyn E. Ware, Associate Professor of English, Louisiana State University, USADr. Fine beautifully describes veterinary narrative medicine in this wide-ranging must-have book for all clinicians. She provides anecdotes that illustrate how applying this approach can improve the care we provide to our patients and clients, while also taking better care of ourselves. She makes the excellent case that narrative medicine is a necessary parallel to evidence-based medicine and makes us better (and more efficient) veterinarians with deeper connections to our clients, patients and work, mitigating pervasive burn-out, perfectionism and self-judgement. -- Annie Wayne DVM, MPH, DACVECC, Assistant Professor, Emergency and Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts UniversityDr. Karen Fine was the one to introduce me this last year to the concept of Narrative Medicine. I realize through our conversations and in the lessons learned from reading her book that this is an incredibly powerful way to navigate building community, decreasing empathic distress and compassion fatigue, and practicing veterinary medicine in a sustainable way. This book provides an invaluable learning opportunity for all stages of veterinary professional development. Dr. Fine’s voice and choice of words struck just the right balance between wise instructor and caring friend making the reading so enjoyable. Her work supports an important contribution to the necessary shift of our professional culture that sees the people as much as the veterinary patients with compassion and care. -- Sonja A. Olson, DVM, Clinical Health and Well-being Trainer at BluePearl Veterinary Partners, USABy bringing attention to the human component of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Fine has provided us with an empathic and holistic perspective to medical care that has great potential for healing in the animal community; not only for animals, but their human companions and veterinary professionals as well.-- Julie Gass, MSW, LICSW, Angell Animal Medical Center, USA Narrative medicine is a concept thoroughly laid out here by Dr. Karen Fine to consider the whole picture, the important human/animal bond, and the well-being of the entire unit. There, in so-doing, the veterinarian is also encouraged to be self-compassionate and embrace their humanity in their valued roles as caregivers to the animals of this partnership. This book's wisdom comes from a place of experience, tenderness, and "you are doing it right already" crafting. There is fair acknowledgement of the heavy parts, to the role of the peace-bringers we can be, and to the necessity that we veterinarians take as good care of ourselves as we do our animal patients. -- Monica Mansfield, D.V.M., Chairperson of MVMA Wellness Committee and MVMA President-Elect Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part One: Narrative Medicine for People. Chapter One: Overview. Chapter Two: Related Fields. Part Two: The Veterinary Appointment. Chapter Three: Before the AppointmentChapter Four: Taking a History. Chapter Five: Creating a Plan. Chapter Six: Recording the NarrativePart Three: Unique to Veterinary Medicine. Chapter Seven: The Connection Triangle. Chapter Eight: Grief, Guilt, and ShameChapter Nine: The WorkplaceChapter Ten: Diversity, Equity, and InclusionChapter Eleven: Veterinary Social WorkPart Four: Our Own StoriesChapter Twelve: Burnout and FatigueChapter Thirteen: Reflective PracticeChapter Fourteen: Moving Forwards

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisEssentially a practical manual with up-to-date contributions and key references by experts to the diagnostic characteristics of the bacteria likely to be encountered in public health and hospital microbiology laboratories as well as in medical and veterinary practice.Trade Review'In conclusion this excellent book has retained the best of the old and combined it with the new. It is a must for every clinical laboratory and at only £40, represents excellent value for money.' Tim Wyatt, Association of Clinical Microbiologists News'… this practical manual, which has been the standard diagnostic text since the mid-1960s, continues to be the standard reference text for bacteriology.' The Bulletin of The Royal College of PathologistsTable of ContentsForeword; Introduction; 1. Classification and nomenclature; 2. Culture media: constituents and sterilization; 3. Principles of isolation; 4. Bacterial characters and characterization; 5. Theory and practice of bacterial identification; 6. Characters of Gram-positive bacteria; 7. Characters of Gram-negative bacteria; 8. Taxonomy in theory and practice; 9. Bacterial identification by cards; 10. Bacterial identification by computer; 11. Quality control in microbiology; 12. Reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom Ayurvedic texts to botanical medicines to genomics, ideas and expertise about veterinary healing have circulated between cultures through travel, trade, and conflict. In this broad-ranging and accessible study spanning 400 years of history, Susan D. Jones and Peter A. Koolmees present the first global history of veterinary medicine and animal healing. Drawing on inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary perspectives, this book addresses how attitudes toward animals, disease causation theories, wars, problems of food insecurity and the professionalization and spread of European veterinary education have shaped new domains for animal healing, such as preventive medicine in intensive animal agriculture and the need for veterinarians specializing in zoo animals, wildlife, and pets. It concludes by considering the politicization of animal protection, changes in the global veterinary workforce, and concerns about disease and climate change. As mediators between humans and animals, veterTrade Review'Captivating and unique! A complete account of the history of healing animals, the fight against their diseases, and how the veterinary profession has evolved across cultures and continents shaping food systems and our relations with animals today.' Katinka de Balogh, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations'This book promised to fill the gap of the missing text book on the history of veterinary medicine. It does! Summaries and questions provoke students to think critically. However, this book is more than only a textbook. This is the profession I've dedicated most of my professional life to as students will do overtime. The story starts with the animal healers in ancient times and goes up to the regulated veterinary professional today. The authors outline a little bit of our future. A Concise History of Veterinary Medicine will be the perfect birthday present for all my veterinary friends.' Rens van Dobbenburgh, President Federation of Veterinarians of Europe'An outstanding synthesis of global developments in the history of animal healing. Informed by the study of human-animal relationships, and drawing on the latest research findings, A Concise History of Veterinary Medicine is essential reading for vets and historians alike.' Abigail Woods, University of Lincoln, President of the World Association for the History of Veterinary MedicineTable of ContentsIntroduction: human-animal relationships and the need for veterinary medicine; 1. Animal healing in sacred societies, 1500-1700; 2. Animal healing in trade and conquest, 1700-1850s; 3. Formal education for animal healing: from riding schools to veterinary schools, 1700-1850; 4. Veterinary institutions and animal plagues, 1800-1900; 5. Veterinary medicine in war and peace, 1900-1960; 6. Food, animals and veterinary care in a changing world, 1960-2000; 7. Veterinary medicine and animal health, 2000-2020; Epilogue: veterinary medicine in the postmodern world.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Anesthesia 2. Patient Preparation 3. Anesthetic Agents and Aduncts 4. Anesthetic Equipment 5. Workplace Safety 6. Anesthetic Monitoring 7. Special Techniques 8. Analgesia 9. Canine and Feline Anesthesia 10. Equine Anesthesia 11. Ruminant and Swine Anesthesia 12. Rodent and Rabbit Anesthesia 13. Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies Appendixes A through H Glossary

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Book SynopsisA James Herriot for the 21st century recounts his adventures as a newcomer to Newfoundland.When Andrew Peacock made the move from Ontario to Newfoundland, he thought he was kicking off his career as a newly qualified vetenarian with an adventure in a temporary location. It was certainly an adventure, but there was nothing temporary about it. He practiced in Newfoundland for nearly 30 years and is still living there. In fact, he has lived there so long, the locals are starting to think of him as one of them.Creatures of the Rock chronicles a career spent working with and getting to know a rich variety of animals and their owners, on farms, in homes and zoos, and in the wild. Andrew was the only vet for miles around. A day of practice could include anything from a Caesarian section on a cow in a blizzard to freeing a humpback whale from a trap designed for cod to capturing a polar bear after its surprise visit to a bingo parlor. And, on the human side, anything from trying to impress a surpringly large audience of farmers with your first boar castration, to taking care of a family just as well as its stricken cat, to discouraging farm hands from helping themselves to hypodermic needles. All this against the background of a domestic scene in which Andrew's wife Ingrid—also freshly qualified, as a doctor—shares the adventure of making new life, and in due course of starting a family.Told in a series of brief, endlessly engaging stories, Creatures of the Rock is a funny, thrilling, unflinching but ultimately heartwarming narrative about the connections between people and animals, and people with each other.

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Book SynopsisDesigned for quick reference in the clinic examination room, this compact, easy-to-use handbook provides practical guidance on diagnosis and treatment of all musculoskeletal problems seen in dogs and cats. Topic entries are written by the foremost experts on small animal musculoskeletal problems and follow The 5-Minute Consult format that is so popular among busy practitioners. Topics are organized alphabetically so that readers can quickly find the information they need. This timely new resource covers a wide range of canine and feline musculoskeletal conditions, including elbow dysplasia, intervertebral disc disease, and arthritis. A full-color insert of images and illustrations depicting various disorders is also included.Table of ContentsAntebrachial Growth Deformities. Arthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease). Arthritis, Septic. Atlantoaxial Instability. Craniomandibular Osteopathy. Cruciate Ligament Disease, Cranial. Diskospondylitis. Elbow Dysplasia. Hip Dysplasia-Dogs. Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy. Hypertropic Osteopathy. Intervertebral Disc Disease, Cervical. Intervertebral Disc Disease, Thoracolumbar. Lameness. Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease. Muscle Rupture (Muscle Tear). Myasthenia Gravis. Myopahty, Focal Inflammatory-Masticatory Muscle. Myositis and Extraocular Myositis. Myopathy, Generalized Inflammatory-Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Endocrine. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Hereditary Labrador Retriever. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Hereditary Myotonia. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Hereditary Scotty Cramp. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Hereditary X-linked Muscular Dystrophy. Myopathy, Noninflammatory-Metabolic. Osterchonodrodysplasia. Osteochondrosis. Osteomyelitis. Panostetis. Patellar Luxation. Polyarthritis, Erosive, Inmune-Mediated. Polyarthritis, Nonerosive, Immune-Mediated. Shoulder, Ligament, and Tendon Conditions. Appendix. Index

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Book SynopsisVeterinary Disaster Response is the essential guide to disaster training, preparation, planning, and recovery. The book takes a question-and-answer format to promote understanding and outline the steps for veterinary response to natural and man-made disasters.Trade Review"A pick for any practicing ER vet or veterinary library. It uses a question-and-answer format to outline steps for veterinary response to either natural or man-made disasters, covering training, procedures, and applied science in the field. Any practicing vet needs this, which comes packed with color photos, charts, and sidebars of at-a-glance information." -Midwest Book Review, July 2009 Table of ContentsContributors ix Introduction xiii Section 1 Training 3 1.1 An Introduction to the Incident Command System 5Lori A. Swenson, BSME, EMT-P 1.2 Leadership during a Disaster 15Eugene A. Adkins, DVM 1.3 Communications 21Lori A. Swenson, BSME, EMT-P 1.4 Basic Map, Compass, and Global Positioning System Skills 31Sally B. Palmer, DVM 1.5 Records and Animal Identification 73Lori A. Swenson, BSME, EMT-P 1.6 Veterinary Risk Assessment of the Disaster Site 85Wayne E. Wingfield, MS, DVM 1.7 Risk Communication and Dealing with the Media 93Wayne E. Wingfield, MS, DVM 1.8 Biosecurity Fundamentals for Animal Response Personnel in a Farm/Livestock Disaster 101Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM, and Anthony P. Knight, BVSc, MS 1.9 Veterinary Triage 111Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM 1.10 Introduction to Weapons of Mass Destruction 123Jerry J. Upp, DVM 1.11 Zoonoses and Zoonotic Diseases 135Sherrie L. Nash, MS, DVM, Sally B. Palmer, DVM, and Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM 1.12 Public Health 197William R. Ray, BS 1.13 Hazardous Materials 205Lori A. Swenson, BSME, EMT-P 1.14 Personal Protective Equipment 215Thomas F. Pedigo, MSc, PA-C 1.15 Basic Veterinary Decontamination: Who, What, Why? 231Lisa A. Murphy, VMD 1.16 Wildlife Handling 239Sally B. Palmer, DVM 1.17 Domestic Animal Handling 257Sally B. Palmer, DVM 1.18 Small Animal First Aid 279Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM 1.19 Large Animal First Aid 301Sally B. Palmer, DVM 1.20 Equine Emergency Sheltering 325Rebecca S. McConnico, DVM, PhD 1.21 Companion Animal Sheltering 335Renée A. Poirrier, DVM 1.22 Disinfection of Avian, Large, and Small Animal Facilities 343David C. Van Metre, DVM, and Paul S. Morley, DVM, PhD 1.23 Pain Management in Veterinary Disaster Medicine 359Marc R. Raffe, DVM, MS 1.24 Humane Euthanasia of Animals 367Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM 1.25 Carcass Disposal following a Veterinary Disaster 391Ryan Gordon Leon Murphy, MS, and Anthony P. Knight, BVSc, MS Section 2 Planning 405 2.1 Elements of a Disaster Plan for Animals 407Anthony P. Knight, BVSc, MS 2.2 Disaster Planning for Private Practice 413Dirk B. Yelinek, DVM 2.3 Community Animal Emergency Planning 425Kevin M. Dennison, DVM 2.4 State Response to Veterinary Disasters 435Terry K. Paik, DVM 2.5 State Animal and Agricultural Emergency Programs (Including State Animal Response Team [SART] Programs and State Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps [VMRC]) 447Kevin M. Dennison, DVM 2.6 Federal Response to Veterinary Disasters 457Lorna L. Lanman, DVM 2.7 Military Role in Veterinary Disaster Response 473Gary L. Stamp, DVM, MS Section 3 Preparation 479 3.1 Family versus Business during a Disaster 481Joan C. Casey 3.2 Preparing Your Practice for an Impending Disaster 487Gregory A. Rich, DVM 3.3 Preparing the Farm and Animals for a Disaster 495Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM 3.4 Noah’s Burden: A Prolegomenon to the Ethics of Veterinary Disaster Response 501Bernard E. Rollin, PhD Section 4 Recovery 509 4.1 Care for the Caregiver: Psychological and Emotional Factors in Veterinary Disaster Response 511Dennis Michael Baker, MA, LPC, and P. J. Havice-Cover, MA, LPC, CAC III 4.2 Disaster Assistance for Homeowners, Renters, and Business Owners 519Eugene A. Adkins, DVM 4.3 American Veterinary Medical Foundation: Disaster Assistance 529Wayne E. Wingfi eld, MS, DVM Emergency Response Contacts Directory 535 Index 541

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Book SynopsisHair Loss Disorders in Domestic Animals is an in-depth reference on the pathomechanisms and clinical approaches of all skin diseases in domestic animals that have hair loss as the predominant clinical feature. It presents both basic and clinically-relevant knowledge on alopecic disease in animals.Trade Review"It is an excellent addition to the library of any board-certified veterinary dermatologist, resident in a veterinary dermatology program, and veterinary clinician with a special interest in companion animal dermatology." (Vet Med Today, 15 June 2010) "Hair Loss Disorders in Domestic Animals is the first book to exhaustively review a subject that is such a common clinical problem. This book is well organized and easy to read. It initially provides a concise, understandable review of hair follicle biology that is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of alopecic disorders, including excellent descriptions and histologic images of hair follicle anatomy and development." (Vet Med Today, August 2010) "Provides a concise, understandable review of hair follicle biology that is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of alopecic disorders, including excellent descriptions and histologic images of hair follicle anatomy and development. This book contains an accumulation of essential, current information about alopecic disorders in animals that is not easily accessible from other sources. It is an excellent addition to the library of any board-certified veterinary dermatologist, resident in a veterinary dermatology program, and veterinary clinician with a special interest in companion animal dermatology." (JAVMA, June 2010) "This book is a delight. It is beautifully illustrated and concisely written. Not only does it provide much practical information but it makes a positive contribution to the discipline." (Veterinary Record, March 2010) "The editors and authors have done an excellent job of summarizing current theories of hair follicle development and function and presenting the most current information on hair loss disorders affecting domestic animals. ... This is the first book to present such detailed information. ... As such, it is a much needed textbook." (Doody's, April 2010) "This resource would be a worthy addition to the practice library, and very valuable to anyone tackling a dermatology module for the RCVS CertAVP. For someone embarking on a dermatology diploma, this text is worth it for the hair follicle biology chapter alone." (Veterinary Times, August 2010) Table of ContentsForeword v Preface vii Contributors ix Part 1 Hair Follicle Biology 1.1 Ontogeny of the hair follicle 3Desmond J. Tobin 1.2 Anatomy and physiology of the hair follicle 17Desmond J. Tobin 1.3 Hair follicles in domesticated mammals with comparison to laboratory animals and humans 43Wilfried Meyer Part 2 How to Approach Alopecic Diseases 2.1 Clinical aspects 65Monika Linek 2.2 Histopathological aspects 77Lars Mecklenburg Part 3 Non-Inflammatory Alopecias 3.1 Congenital alopecia 93Lars Mecklenburg 3.2 Trichomalacia 115Lars Mecklenburg 3.3 Disorders of hair follicle cycling 119 3.3.1 Hypothyroidism 119Monika Linek 3.3.2 Hyperadrenocorticism 132Rosario Cerundolo 3.3.3 Canine hyperestrogenism 142Lars Mecklenburg 3.3.4 Canine alopecia X 148Linda Frank 3.3.5 Canine recurrent flank alopecia 155Manon Paradis 3.3.6 Telogen effluvium 161Rosario Cerundolo 3.3.7 Canine postclipping alopecia 163Rosario Cerundolo 3.3.8 Canine pattern alopecia 164Manon Paradis 3.3.9 Breed-specific canine hair cycle abnormalities 169Rosario Cerundolo, Manon Paradis, and Lars Mecklenburg 3.4 Hair follicle dystrophy and atrophy 177Rosario Cerundolo and Lars Mecklenburg 3.5 Traumatic alopecia 185Monika Linek 3.6 Scarring alopecia 189Lars Mecklenburg Part 4 Inflammatory Alopecias 4.1 Folliculitis with intraluminal organisms 193Monika Linek 4.2 Eosinophilic folliculitis 215Monika Linek 4.3 Pustular folliculitis 221Monika Welle 4.4 Lymphocytic mural folliculitis 227Monika Welle 4.5 Histiocytic or granulomatous mural folliculitis 243Monika Welle and Lars Mecklenburg 4.6 Necrotizing mural folliculitis 249Monika Linek and Lars Mecklenburg 4.7 Alopecia areata 253Desmond J. Tobin 4.8 Sebaceous adenitis 269Monika Linek Index 273

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental stress is one of the most significant factors affecting livestock performance and health, and it is only expected to increase with effects of global warming.Table of ContentsContributors ix Foreword xi 1 From Heat Tolerance to Heat Stress Relief: An Evolution of Notions in Animal Farming 1Amiel Berman 2 Physiological Basics of Temperature Regulation in Domestic Animals 17Donald E. Spiers 3 Heat Stress and Evaporative Cooling 35Kifle G. Gebremedhin 4 Regulation of Acclimation to Environmental Stress 49Kajal Sankar Roy and Robert J. Collier 5 Environment and Animal Well-Being 65S. D. Eicher 6 Effects of Environment on Metabolism 81Lance Baumgard and Robert P. Rhoads 7 Impact of Hot Environment on Nutrient Requirements 101Umberto Bernabucci 8 Effects of Environment on Animal Health: Mechanisms and Regulatory Inputs 129Ted H. Elsasser, Cong-Jun Li, Jessica Shaffer, and Robert J. Collier 9 Effect of Environment on Immune Functions 165Nicola Lacetera 10 Strategies for Improvement of Thermal and Reproductive Responses under Heat Stress 181David Wolfenson and William W. Thatcher 11 Prospects for Improving Fertility during Heat Stress by Increasing Embryonic Resistance to Elevated Temperature 199Peter J. Hansen 12 Environmental Heat Stress Impairs Placental Function, Fetal Growth and Development, and Postnatal Performance in Livestock 209Dustin T. Yates, Xiaochuan Chen, and Sean W. Limesand 13 Effects of Photoperiod on Domestic Animals 229Geoffrey E. Dahl and Izabella M. Thompson 14 Rethinking Heat Index Tools for Livestock 243J. B. Gaughan, T. L. Mader, and K. G. Gebremedhin 15 Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Heat and Cold Stress in Dairy Cattle Facilities 267John R. Smith and J. P. Harner, III 16 Genotype by Environment Interactions in Commercial Populations 289Ignacy Misztal and Peter Lovendahl 17 Responses of Poultry to Environmental Challenges 309J. Brake and S. Yahav Index 337

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Book SynopsisEstablished only twenty years ago under the auspices of the USDA, FARAD is an international venture that brings together and collates information on applications of pharmacokinetic principles to drug and chemical residue avoidance-information that previously has been spread throughout the literature.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. Foreword. Acknowledgements. Introduction. SECTION 1. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS. Chapter 1. Penicillins. Chapter 2. Cephalosporins. Chapter 3. Tetracyclines. Chapter 4. Macrolides. Chapter 5. Aminoglycosides. Chapter 6. Sulfonamides. Chapter 7. Fluoroquinolines. Chapter 8. Miscellaneous. SECTION 2. THERAPEUTIC DRUGS. Chapter 1. Central Nervous System. Chapter 2. Anthelmintics. Chapter 3. NSAIDs. Chapter 4. Narcotic Analgesics. Chapter 5. Hormones. Chapter 6. Cardiovascular Renal. Chapter 7. Miscellaneous. Chapter 8. Antidotes. SECTION 3. PESTICIDES. Chapter 1. Organophosphate and Carbamates. Chapter 2. Organochlorine. Chapter 3. Pyrethroids. Chapter 4. Herbicides. Chapter 5. Rodenticides. Chapter 6. Fungicides. Chapter 7. Miscellaneous. SECTION 4. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS. Chapter 1. Dioxins and Dibenzofurans. Chapter 2. Plant and Animal Toxins. Chapter 3. Metals. Chapter 4. PCBs and PBBs. Chapter 5. Hydrocarbons. Chapter 6. Miscellaneous. Bibliography. Generic Index. Citation Index.

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Book SynopsisComparative Diagnostic Pharmacology: Clinical and Research Applications in Living-System Models is the first evidence-based reference text devoted exclusively to the subject of applying pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical agents as diagnostic probes in clinical medicine and investigative research.Table of ContentsPreface. Journal Titles Abbreviations. Section 1: Body Systems. Cardiovascular System. Central Nervous System. Endocrine. Dentistry. Haemotology. Hepatic Diagnostic. Hepatic Pharmcogenetics and Metabolic Genetic. Integumentary. Musculoskeletal. Reproduction. Renal and Urinary. Respiratory. Section 2: Cancer Genetics. Cancer/Neoplastic Disease. Genetics and Nucleic Acids. Inflammation and Sepsis. Metabolism, Electrolytes and Hypoxia. Section 3: Contract and Image-enhancing Agents. Florescent and Pigment Dye Reagents. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nuclear Scitigraphy. Radiographic Image-Enhancing Agents. Computed Tomography. Positron Emission Tomography. Ultrasonography. Section 4: Delivery Modalities. Methodology and Techniques. Macro-synthetic Delivery Platforms. Microspheres. Nanospheres. Index

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Book SynopsisPathology of Small Mammal Pets presents a ready reference for veterinarians, veterinary pathologists, and technicians who work with small mammal companion animals.Table of Contents1 Rabbits 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Integument Conditions 2 1.3 Endocrine Conditions 21 1.4 Respiratory Disorders 22 1.5 Musculoskeletal Disorders 31 1.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 35 1.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 52 1.8 Genitourinary Conditions 54 1.9 Nervous System Disorders 62 1.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 67 1.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 69 2 Ferrets 95 2.1 Introduction 95 2.2 Integument Disorders 95 2.3 Endocrine Conditions 104 2.4 Respiratory Conditions 108 2.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 112 2.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 113 2.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 124 2.8 Genitourinary Conditions 125 2.9 Nervous System Conditions 129 2.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 131 2.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 137 3 Guinea Pigs 157 3.1 Introduction 157 3.2 Integument Conditions 157 3.3 Endocrine Conditions 165 3.4 Respiratory Conditions 168 3.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 171 3.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 174 3.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 179 3.8 Urogenital Conditions 181 3.9 Nervous System Conditions 185 3.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 186 3.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 188 4 Chinchillas 203 4.1 Introduction 203 4.2 Integument Disorders 203 4.3 Endocrine Disorders 205 4.4 Respiratory Conditions 206 4.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 209 4.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 210 4.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 219 4.8 Genitourinary Conditions 221 4.9 Nervous System Conditions 222 4.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 226 4.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 226 Bibliography 228 5 Rats 237 5.1 Introduction 237 5.2 Integument Conditions 238 5.3 Endocrine Conditions 247 5.4 Respiratory Conditions 249 5.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 256 5.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 256 5.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 264 5.8 Urogenital Conditions 265 5.9 Nervous System Conditions 271 5.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 273 5.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 275 6 Hamsters 295 6.1 Introduction 295 6.2 Integument Conditions 295 6.3 Endocrine Conditions 302 6.4 Respiratory Conditions 304 6.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 306 6.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 307 6.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 316 6.8 Genitourinary Conditions 319 6.9 Nervous System 323 6.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 324 6.11 Ophthalmic System 325 7 Gerbils 339 7.1 Introduction 339 7.2 Integument Conditions 339 7.3 Endocrine Conditions 343 7.4 Respiratory Conditions 344 7.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 344 7.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 344 7.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 348 7.8 Genitourinary Conditions 349 7.9 Nervous Conditions 352 7.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 352 7.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 353 8 Mice 361 8.1 Introduction 361 8.2 Integument Conditions 361 8.3 Endocrine Conditions 368 8.4 Respiratory Conditions 368 8.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 374 8.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 376 8.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 385 8.8 Urogenital Conditions 388 8.9 Nervous System Conditions 392 8.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 394 8.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 396 9 Hedgehogs 409 9.1 Introduction 409 9.2 Integument Conditions 410 9.3 Endocrine Conditions 414 9.4 Respiratory Conditions 415 9.5 Musculoskeletal Conditions 415 9.6 Gastrointestinal Conditions 416 9.7 Cardiovascular Conditions 419 9.8 Genitourinary Conditions 420 9.9 Nervous System Conditions 421 9.10 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Conditions 423 9.11 Ophthalmic Conditions 424 Bibliography 425 Index 441

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Book SynopsisThis field guide should be useful for veterinary practitioners and veterinary students. Murphy covers all aspects of common animal poisons and provides references for more in-depth research. As a text, the book is designed for teaching applied aspects of veterinary toxicology.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations.. I. Prevalence of Animal Exposures to Toxins. II. Treatment regimens. III. Toxin Summaries. Adverse Drug Reactions. Neurological System. Neurological System. Gastrointestinal System. Renal System. Hepatic System. Dermal System. Respiratory System. Respiratory System. Cardiovascular System. Hematopoietic System. Hematopoietic System. Musculoskeletal System. Reproductive System.. IV. Selected Bibliographies. V. Additional Sources of Information. VI. Indices to Toxins by:. Clinical Sign. Diagnostic test result. Toxin name, system, and LD. Response form.

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Book SynopsisNon-pathologists, such as toxicologists and study personnel, can find it difficult to understand the data they receive from pathologists. Toxicological pathologists write long, detailed and highly technical reports. Study personnel are under daily pressure to decide whether lesions described in pathology reports are treatment-related and thus important to the pharmaceutical company or whether the lesions are background changes and thus of little significance. Written by experienced toxicological pathologists, Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel serves to bridge the gap in the understanding of pathology data, enabling non-pathologists to more easily comprehend pathology reports, better integrate pathology data into final study reports and ask pathologists relevant questions about the test compound. This succinct, fully referenced, full colour book is suitable for toxicologists at all stages of tTrade ReviewIn its first edition, Pathology for Toxicologists edited by Dr Elizabeth McInnes is a much welcomed addition to the basic literature bridging the 2 complementary sciences of pathology and toxicology, specifically within the context of drug, chemical, or device industries. Aimed at the wide spectrum of study personnel supporting investigational and routine toxicity studies, this book provides a broad yet succinct coverage of the bases underlying the generation and interpretation of pathology data and enables a better use, comprehension, and integration of these data into toxicology reports. In its paperback presentation (provided for this review), the book is illustrated and has a good print quality, is concise, portable, and thoroughly referenced. The 6 contributing authors are all adequately qualified and have hands-on experience on the topics they covered; the editor herself contributed with 4 chapters. The book structure is organized into 8 chapters and include an introduction to pathology techniques, recording pathology data, general pathology and the terminology of basic pathology, common spontaneous and background lesions in laboratory animals, target organ pathology, clinical pathology, adversity from the pathologist’s perspective, and limitations of pathology and animal models.Each chapter begins with a learning objectives section and ends with a comprehensive list of references; a chapter-by-chapter analysis is included below. The book also includes a glossary (always helpful when dealing with pathology terms and acronyms)and an index. In short, this book is a bridging reference between toxicology and pathology, broadly covering the bases of laboratory animal pathology generation, interpretation, and communication, and it should prove useful not only for early career as well as for practicing toxicologists. (International Journal of Toxicology 36:5) ‘The book succinctly covers the general underpinnings of pathology data generation and interpretation, with the honorable goal of facilitating the use, communication, understanding, and integration of pathology data into toxicology reports …Six highly qualified authors contributed with 8 chapters (4 of which were authored by the editor), spanning various themes in pathology data generation and interpretation, including an introduction to pathology techniques, recording pathology data, general pathology and the terminology of basic pathology, common spontaneous and background lesions in laboratory animals, target organ pathology, clinical pathology, adversity from the pathologist’s perspective, and limitations of pathology and animal models … At the beginning of each chapter, a learning objectives box frames the most important concepts to be attained and, at its conclusion, a comprehensive list of references points the reader to additional information. The book is complete with an index and a glossary (a must-have when working with pathology terminology and acronyms). This textbook is a bridging reference covering the general bases of pathology data generation, interpretation, and communication that early career and practicing toxicologists will find useful.’ (Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, November 2017) 'Pathology for Toxicologists is highly recommended not only for toxicologist, but also for pharmaceutical research, discovery, and development scientists; young anatomic and clinical toxicologic pathologists; academic and diagnostic pathologists; and anatomic and clinical pathology graduate students and residents. Its use will successfully facilitate the interface between toxicologist and toxicologic pathologists. Its perusal by pharmaceutical research and discovery scientists will facilitate their understanding of the technical constraints and regulatory requirements that face toxicologic pathologists and toxicologic pathology laboratories. Its perusal by young anatomic and clinical toxicologic pathologists upon entry into toxicologic pathology will quickly bring them up-to-speed on the complexity of the regulations and constraints under which they will be working. Perusal of the book by toxicologists and study personnel will provide them an insight into the toxicologic pathology world, improving their interfaces and collaborations and facilitating decisions about pathology.' (Veterinary Clinical Pathology, November 2017)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii 1 An Introduction to Pathology Techniques 1Elizabeth McInnes 1.1 Animal Considerations 2 1.2 Necropsy 2 1.3 Lung Inflation with Fixative 5 1.4 Fixation 5 1.5 Making Glass Slides 6 1.5.1 Trimming 6 1.5.2 Tissue Processing 9 1.5.3 Embedding 9 1.5.4 Microtoming 9 1.5.5 Staining 9 1.5.6 Quality Control 11 1.6 Special Histochemical Stains 12 1.7 Decalcification 13 1.8 Immunohistochemistry 13 1.9 Tissue Crossreactivity Studies 15 1.10 Electron Microscopy 15 1.11 In Situ Hybridisation 16 1.12 Laser Capture Microscopy 16 1.13 Confocal Microscopy 16 1.14 Image Analysis 17 1.15 Digital Imaging 17 1.16 Spermatocyte Analysis 17 1.17 Good Laboratory Practice 17 1.18 Inhalation Studies 18 1.19 Continuous]Infusion Studies 18 1.20 Carcinogenicity 19 1.21 Biologicals 19 1.22 The Pathology Report 20 1.23 Conclusion 20 References 20 2 Recording Pathology Data 23Cheryl L. Scudamore 2.1 What is a Pathology Finding? 24 2.2 Standardisation of Pathology Findings 24 2.2.1 Semiquantitative Analysis 24 2.2.2 Nomenclature/Controlled Terminology 26 2.2.3 Ontological Approach 28 2.3 ‘Inconsistencies’ in Pathology Recording 28 2.3.1 Diagnostic Drift 28 2.3.2 Thresholds 28 2.3.3 Lumping versus Splitting 29 2.4 Blind Review 30 2.5 Historical Control Data: Pros and Cons 30 2.6 The Use of Peer Review in Pathology 32 References 32 3 General Pathology and the Terminology of Basic Pathology 35Elizabeth McInnes 3.1 Cellular Responses to Insults 35 3.2 Inflammation 41 3.3 Circulatory Disturbances 46 3.4 Disorders of Tissue Growth 52 3.5 Tissue Repair and Healing 53 3.6 Neoplasia 54 3.7 Immune System 55 References 57 4 Common Spontaneous and Background Lesions in Laboratory Animals 59Elizabeth McInnes 4.1 Rats 62 4.2 Mice 63 4.3 Dogs 66 4.4 Minipigs 66 4.5 Non]Human Primates 67 4.6 Rabbits 67 4.7 Experimental Procedures 67 4.8 Causes of Death in Rats and Mice 67 4.9 Conclusion 68 References 69 5 Target Organ Pathology 72Elizabeth McInnes 5.1 Skin 72 5.2 Eye 76 5.3 Gastrointestinal Tract 78 5.4 Liver 83 5.5 Respiratory System 85 5.6 Urinary System 89 5.7 Lymphoreticular System 94 5.8 Musculoskeletal System 95 5.9 Cardiovascular System 97 5.10 Endocrine System 99 5.11 Reproductive System 102 5.12 Central and Peripheral Nervous System 104 5.13 Ear 106 References 106 6 Clinical Pathology 112Barbara von Beust 6.1 Clinical Pathology in Study Phases and Good Laboratory Practice 112 6.1.1 Preanalytic Phase: Study Plan 113 6.1.2 Analytic Phase: Data Generation 114 6.1.3 Postanalytic Phase: Data Interpretation and Reporting 114 6.1.4 Good Laboratory Practice 114 6.2 What is Measured in Clinical Pathology? 115 6.2.1 Interference by Haemolysis, Lipaemia and Icterus 116 6.3 Haematology 117 6.3.1 Manual and Automated Techniques in Haematology 118 6.3.2 Haematocrit and Red Blood Cell Mass 119 6.3.3 Blood Cells 120 6.3.4 The Standard Haematology Profile 124 6.3.5 Bone Marrow 125 6.4 Coagulation 125 6.4.1 Standard Coagulation Profile 126 6.4.2 Prothrombin Time 127 6.4.3 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 127 6.4.4 Fibrinogen 127 6.5 Clinical Chemistry 127 6.5.1 Metabolites 127 6.5.2 Enzymes 129 6.5.3 Electrolytes and Minerals 129 6.5.4 Standard Chemistry Profiles 130 6.6 Urinalysis 131 6.7 Acute]Phase Proteins 131 6.8 The Biomarker Concept 132 6.9 Reference Intervals 133 6.10 Instrumentation, Validation and Quality Control 133 6.11 Data Analysis and Interpretation 134 6.12 Reporting 135 6.13 Food Consumption and Body Weight (Gain) 136 6.14 Organ Weights 136 6.15 Examples of Typical Clinical Pathology Profile Changes in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology 136 6.15.1 Reduced Red Blood Cell Mass due to Chronic Disease 138 6.15.2 Stress Response 139 6.15.3 Reduced Red Blood Cell Mass due to Excessive Blood Sampling 139 6.15.4 Common Artefacts 139 6.16 Microsampling 140 6.17 Conclusion 141 Acknowledgments 141 References 141 7 Adversity: A Pathologist’s Perspective 145Bhanu Singh 7.1 LOAEL, NOEL and NOAEL: Definition 146 7.2 Adversity 147 7.3 Determining Adversity using Pathology Findings: Factors to Consider 149 7.3.1 Severity 149 7.3.2 Functional Effect 1507.3.3 Primary versus Secondary Effects 151 7.3.4 Physiological Adaptability 152 7.3.5 Reversibility of the Lesion 152 7.3.6 Pharmacological Effect 153 7.4 Communicating NOAEL in Toxicity Studies 153 7.5 Conclusion 154 References 154 8 Limitations of Pathology and Animal Models 157Natasha Neef 8.1 Limitations of In Vivo Animal Models 157 8.1.1 Traditional Laboratory Species Used as General Toxicology Models 157 8.1.2 The Test Article May Not have Sufficient Pharmacological Activity in Routine Toxicology Species 158 8.1.3 The Model May Not Identify Hazards Related to Causation or Exacerbation of Pathology that is Unique to Humans or Undetectable in Animals 159 8.1.4 The Model May Not Identify Hazards with Low Incidence/Low Severity 159 8.1.5 Potential for Misinterpretation of Reversibility/Recovery for Low]Incidence Findings 160 8.1.6 Potential for Over] or Underestimation of the Relationship to Test Article of Findings that have High Spontaneous Incidence in Laboratory Species, but are Relatively Rare in Humans 160 8.1.7 Exclusive Use of Young, Healthy Animals Kept in Ideal Conditions Gives Limited Predictivity for Aged/Diseased Human Populations 161 8.2 Efficacy/Disease Models as Toxicology Models 162 8.3 Limitations of Efficacy/Disease Models as Toxicology Models 164 8.3.1 Lack of Validation as Safety/Toxicology Models 164 8.3.2 Disease Models Rarely Have All the Elements of the Equivalent Human Disease 165 8.3.3 Limited Sensitivity Produced by Increased Interanimal Variability amongst Diseased Animals and/or Low Animal Numbers 165 8.3.4 Lack of Historical Data 166 8.3.5 Risk Associated with Nonregulated Laboratory Conditions 166 8.4 Limitations of Pathology within In Vivo Toxicology Models 167 8.4.1 Anatomic Pathology Evaluation Will Not Identify Hazards with No Morphological Correlates 167 8.4.2 Limitations of Pathology when Evaluating Moribund Animals or Animals Found Dead on Study 168 8.4.3 Limitations of Anatomic and/or Clinical Pathology End Points within other Types of In Vivo Preclinical Safety Study 168 8.4.4 Limitations of Histopathology Related to Sampling Error 169 8.4.5 Limitations of Quantitative Anatomic Pathology 170 8.4.6 Limitations of Pathology Related to Subjectivity and Pathologist Error 173 8.4.7 Anatomic Pathology Error/Missed Findings 173 8.4.8 Subjectivity and Pathologist Variability 175 8.5 Managing Risk Associated with Subjectivity and the Potential for Pathologist Error 176 8.5.1 Choice of Study Pathologist 176 8.5.2 Peer Review 176 8.5.3 Review of the Anatomic Pathology Data 177 8.5.4 Review of Anatomic Pathology Data Interpretation 177 References 179 Glossary 184 Index 187

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Book SynopsisNon-pathologists, such as toxicologists and study personnel, can find it difficult to understand the data they receive from pathologists. Toxicological pathologists write long, detailed and highly technical reports. Study personnel are under daily pressure to decide whether lesions described in pathology reports are treatment-related and thus important to the pharmaceutical company or whether the lesions are background changes and thus of little significance. Written by experienced toxicological pathologists, Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel serves to bridge the gap in the understanding of pathology data, enabling non-pathologists to more easily comprehend pathology reports, better integrate pathology data into final study reports and ask pathologists relevant questions about the test compound. This succinct, fully referenced, full colour book is suitable for toxicologists at all stages of tTrade Review"The book consists of 8 very easy-to-read chapters and highlights (as mentioned in the Preface), �the uncertainties encountered by the pathologist when reading studies� and shows �why pathologists cannot always make up their minds�. The book explains and endorses the fact that explanation of pathology findings in a toxicology study must involve pragmatic (as well as scientific) thinking. Each chapter ends with a good reference section and pages 184 to 186 contain a useful glossary...Overall, there is a lot of useful information packed into this book and it is definitely a suggested read for toxicologists and others involved in seeing pathology data, either as an introduction or a refresher." (Paul Baldrick, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology June 2017)"[T]he standout comment for me is that I was expecting to know what was in the book, but the diversity and richness of the contents was something that both captured my imagination and summarised several of the internal thoughts that I've always held...Each chapter has learning objectives, setting out the upcoming topics. The text is illustrated with some beautiful, predominantly macroscopic photographs and the text is clear, concise and easily followed...This is a really good book...I have really enjoyed reading the text and it is something that I will certainly share with others." (Adam Hargreaves, British Society of Toxicological Pathology May 2017)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii 1 An Introduction to Pathology Techniques 1Elizabeth McInnes 1.1 Animal Considerations 2 1.2 Necropsy 2 1.3 Lung Inflation with Fixative 5 1.4 Fixation 5 1.5 Making Glass Slides 6 1.5.1 Trimming 6 1.5.2 Tissue Processing 9 1.5.3 Embedding 9 1.5.4 Microtoming 9 1.5.5 Staining 9 1.5.6 Quality Control 11 1.6 Special Histochemical Stains 12 1.7 Decalcification 13 1.8 Immunohistochemistry 13 1.9 Tissue Crossreactivity Studies 15 1.10 Electron Microscopy 15 1.11 In Situ Hybridisation 16 1.12 Laser Capture Microscopy 16 1.13 Confocal Microscopy 16 1.14 Image Analysis 17 1.15 Digital Imaging 17 1.16 Spermatocyte Analysis 17 1.17 Good Laboratory Practice 17 1.18 Inhalation Studies 18 1.19 Continuous]Infusion Studies 18 1.20 Carcinogenicity 19 1.21 Biologicals 19 1.22 The Pathology Report 20 1.23 Conclusion 20 References 20 2 Recording Pathology Data 23Cheryl L. Scudamore 2.1 What is a Pathology Finding? 24 2.2 Standardisation of Pathology Findings 24 2.2.1 Semiquantitative Analysis 24 2.2.2 Nomenclature/Controlled Terminology 26 2.2.3 Ontological Approach 28 2.3 ‘Inconsistencies’ in Pathology Recording 28 2.3.1 Diagnostic Drift 28 2.3.2 Thresholds 28 2.3.3 Lumping versus Splitting 29 2.4 Blind Review 30 2.5 Historical Control Data: Pros and Cons 30 2.6 The Use of Peer Review in Pathology 32 References 32 3 General Pathology and the Terminology of Basic Pathology 35Elizabeth McInnes 3.1 Cellular Responses to Insults 35 3.2 Inflammation 41 3.3 Circulatory Disturbances 46 3.4 Disorders of Tissue Growth 52 3.5 Tissue Repair and Healing 53 3.6 Neoplasia 54 3.7 Immune System 55 References 57 4 Common Spontaneous and Background Lesions in Laboratory Animals 59Elizabeth McInnes 4.1 Rats 62 4.2 Mice 63 4.3 Dogs 66 4.4 Minipigs 66 4.5 Non]Human Primates 67 4.6 Rabbits 67 4.7 Experimental Procedures 67 4.8 Causes of Death in Rats and Mice 67 4.9 Conclusion 68 References 69 5 Target Organ Pathology 72Elizabeth McInnes 5.1 Skin 72 5.2 Eye 76 5.3 Gastrointestinal Tract 78 5.4 Liver 83 5.5 Respiratory System 85 5.6 Urinary System 89 5.7 Lymphoreticular System 94 5.8 Musculoskeletal System 95 5.9 Cardiovascular System 97 5.10 Endocrine System 99 5.11 Reproductive System 102 5.12 Central and Peripheral Nervous System 104 5.13 Ear 106 References 106 6 Clinical Pathology 112Barbara von Beust 6.1 Clinical Pathology in Study Phases and Good Laboratory Practice 112 6.1.1 Preanalytic Phase: Study Plan 113 6.1.2 Analytic Phase: Data Generation 114 6.1.3 Postanalytic Phase: Data Interpretation and Reporting 114 6.1.4 Good Laboratory Practice 114 6.2 What is Measured in Clinical Pathology? 115 6.2.1 Interference by Haemolysis, Lipaemia and Icterus 116 6.3 Haematology 117 6.3.1 Manual and Automated Techniques in Haematology 118 6.3.2 Haematocrit and Red Blood Cell Mass 119 6.3.3 Blood Cells 120 6.3.4 The Standard Haematology Profile 124 6.3.5 Bone Marrow 125 6.4 Coagulation 125 6.4.1 Standard Coagulation Profile 126 6.4.2 Prothrombin Time 127 6.4.3 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 127 6.4.4 Fibrinogen 127 6.5 Clinical Chemistry 127 6.5.1 Metabolites 127 6.5.2 Enzymes 129 6.5.3 Electrolytes and Minerals 129 6.5.4 Standard Chemistry Profiles 130 6.6 Urinalysis 131 6.7 Acute]Phase Proteins 131 6.8 The Biomarker Concept 132 6.9 Reference Intervals 133 6.10 Instrumentation, Validation and Quality Control 133 6.11 Data Analysis and Interpretation 134 6.12 Reporting 135 6.13 Food Consumption and Body Weight (Gain) 136 6.14 Organ Weights 136 6.15 Examples of Typical Clinical Pathology Profile Changes in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology 136 6.15.1 Reduced Red Blood Cell Mass due to Chronic Disease 138 6.15.2 Stress Response 139 6.15.3 Reduced Red Blood Cell Mass due to Excessive Blood Sampling 139 6.15.4 Common Artefacts 139 6.16 Microsampling 140 6.17 Conclusion 141 Acknowledgments 141 References 141 7 Adversity: A Pathologist’s Perspective 145Bhanu Singh 7.1 LOAEL, NOEL and NOAEL: Definition 146 7.2 Adversity 147 7.3 Determining Adversity using Pathology Findings: Factors to Consider 149 7.3.1 Severity 149 7.3.2 Functional Effect 1507.3.3 Primary versus Secondary Effects 151 7.3.4 Physiological Adaptability 152 7.3.5 Reversibility of the Lesion 152 7.3.6 Pharmacological Effect 153 7.4 Communicating NOAEL in Toxicity Studies 153 7.5 Conclusion 154 References 154 8 Limitations of Pathology and Animal Models 157Natasha Neef 8.1 Limitations of In Vivo Animal Models 157 8.1.1 Traditional Laboratory Species Used as General Toxicology Models 157 8.1.2 The Test Article May Not have Sufficient Pharmacological Activity in Routine Toxicology Species 158 8.1.3 The Model May Not Identify Hazards Related to Causation or Exacerbation of Pathology that is Unique to Humans or Undetectable in Animals 159 8.1.4 The Model May Not Identify Hazards with Low Incidence/Low Severity 159 8.1.5 Potential for Misinterpretation of Reversibility/Recovery for Low]Incidence Findings 160 8.1.6 Potential for Over] or Underestimation of the Relationship to Test Article of Findings that have High Spontaneous Incidence in Laboratory Species, but are Relatively Rare in Humans 160 8.1.7 Exclusive Use of Young, Healthy Animals Kept in Ideal Conditions Gives Limited Predictivity for Aged/Diseased Human Populations 161 8.2 Efficacy/Disease Models as Toxicology Models 162 8.3 Limitations of Efficacy/Disease Models as Toxicology Models 164 8.3.1 Lack of Validation as Safety/Toxicology Models 164 8.3.2 Disease Models Rarely Have All the Elements of the Equivalent Human Disease 165 8.3.3 Limited Sensitivity Produced by Increased Interanimal Variability amongst Diseased Animals and/or Low Animal Numbers 165 8.3.4 Lack of Historical Data 166 8.3.5 Risk Associated with Nonregulated Laboratory Conditions 166 8.4 Limitations of Pathology within In Vivo Toxicology Models 167 8.4.1 Anatomic Pathology Evaluation Will Not Identify Hazards with No Morphological Correlates 167 8.4.2 Limitations of Pathology when Evaluating Moribund Animals or Animals Found Dead on Study 168 8.4.3 Limitations of Anatomic and/or Clinical Pathology End Points within other Types of In Vivo Preclinical Safety Study 168 8.4.4 Limitations of Histopathology Related to Sampling Error 169 8.4.5 Limitations of Quantitative Anatomic Pathology 170 8.4.6 Limitations of Pathology Related to Subjectivity and Pathologist Error 173 8.4.7 Anatomic Pathology Error/Missed Findings 173 8.4.8 Subjectivity and Pathologist Variability 175 8.5 Managing Risk Associated with Subjectivity and the Potential for Pathologist Error 176 8.5.1 Choice of Study Pathologist 176 8.5.2 Peer Review 176 8.5.3 Review of the Anatomic Pathology Data 177 8.5.4 Review of Anatomic Pathology Data Interpretation 177 References 179 Glossary 184 Index 187

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Book SynopsisFully integrative approach to the socibiology of caviomorph rodents Brings together research on social systems with that on epigenetic, neurendocrine and developmental mechanisms of social behavior Describes the social systems of many previously understudied caviomorph species, identifying the fitness costs and benefits of social living in current day populations as well as quantified evolutionary patterns or trends Highlights potential parallels and differenceswith other animal models Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Notes on contributors xi Introduction xv 1 The caviomorph rodents: distribution and ecological diversification 1 Ricardo A. Ojeda, Agustina A. Ojeda and Agustina Novillo 2 Diversity of social behavior in caviomorph rodents 28 Christine R. Maher and Joseph R. Burger 3 Comparative neurobiology and genetics of mammalian social behavior 59 Annaliese Beery, Yasmin Kamal, Raúl Sobrero and Loren D. Hayes 4 Developmental underpinnings of social behavior 91 Valentina Colonnello, Ruth C. Newberry and Jaak Panksepp 5 Dispersal in caviomorph rodents 119 Eileen A. Lacey 6 Mechanisms of social communication in caviomorph rodents 147 Gabriel Francescoli, Selene Nogueira and Cristian Schleich 7 Causes and evolution of group-living 173 Luis A. Ebensperger and Loren D. Hayes 8 Rodent sociality: a comparison between caviomorphs and other rodent model systems 201 Nancy G. Solomon and Brian Keane 9 Cooperation in caviomorphs 228 Rodrigo A. Vásquez 10 Caviomorphs as models for the evolution of mating systems in mammals 253 Emilio A. Herrera 11 Parent-offspring and sibling-sibling interactions in caviomorph rodents: a search for elusive patterns 273 Zuleyma Tang-Martínez and Elizabeth R. Congdon 12 Fitness consequences of social systems 306 Loren D. Hayes and Luis A. Ebensperger 13 An integrative view of caviomorph social behavior 326 Luis A. Ebensperger and Loren D. Hayes Glossary 356 Index 371

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Book SynopsisAtlas of Clinical Imaging and Anatomy of the Equine Head presents a clear and complete view of the complex anatomy of the equine head using cross-sectional imaging.Trade Review"Atlas of Clinical Imaging and Anatomy of the Equine Head is a comprehensive reference of the cross-sectional anatomy of the head of equids that features photographs of gross sections, CT images, and MRI scans of the head in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes. The photographs of gross-section preparations are excellent, and most anatomic features are readily identifiable. Furthermore, the anatomic labels are exhaustive"...... "The provided images should enable readers to recognize most anatomic structures on other MRI pulse sequences"......"In addition to the anatomic atlas, the book contains a well-written introduction that briefly explains the basic principles of CT and MRI interpretation and considerations for image acquisition. Readers unfamiliar with CT and MRI will gain a superficial understanding of what influences tissue appearance in images acquired by the use of those modalities, and appropriate references are provided for readers who wish to learn more. This book will be useful for radiologists, surgeons, internists, and other practitioners who occasionally need to acquire diagnostic images of the heads of horses" (Reviewed by Derek Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, University of California-Davis, Davis, Calif 15th June 2017 AVMA)Table of ContentsIntroduction: General Presentation of Atlas, vi 1 Overview of CT and MRI of the Equine Head, 1 2 Clinical and Surgical Anatomy of the Equine Head: Transverse Sections, 9 3 Clinical and Surgical Anatomy of the Equine Head: Sagittal Sections, 85 Brain sagittal close-up, 100 4 Clinical and Surgical Anatomy of the Equine Head: Dorsal Sections, 115 Glossary, 143 References, 145 Index, 147

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Book SynopsisHandbook of Major Palm Pests: Biology and Management contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on the red palm weevil and the palm borer moth, two newly emergent invasive palm pests which are adversely affecting palm trees around the world. It provides state-of-the-art scientific information on the ecology, biology, and management of palm pests from a global group of experts in the field.An essential compendium for anyone working with or studying palms, it is dedicated to the detection, eradication, and containment of these invasive species, which threaten the health and very existence of global palm crops.Table of ContentsContributors xiii Nomenclature xvii Introduction xxi 1 Some Representative Palm Pests: Ecological and Practical Data 1Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier, Nunzio Isidoro, Josep A. Jaques, Paola Riolo, Mohamed Kamal and Didier Rochat 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 General Features About Palms and their Pests 2 1.3 Crown and Stem Borers 5 1.4 Defoliators of Fronds (= Leaves) 11 1.5 Sap and Frond (= Leaves) Feeders? 17 1.6 Inflorescence and Fruit Borers 20 1.7 Roots 27 1.8 Conclusion 28 References 29 2 Morphology and Physiology of Palm Trees as Related to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon Infestation and Management 39Yuval Cohen 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Palms in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin 39 2.3 Palm Morphology and Anatomy 41 2.4 The Palm Crown 42 2.5 The Structure of the Palm Stem 46 2.6 Conclusion 51 References 51 3 Economic and Social Impacts of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon on Palms 54Alan MacLeod and Mohamud Hussein 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Ecosystem Services Provided by Palms 55 3.3 Impacts and Costs of Mitigation 61 3.4 Conclusion 63 References 64 4 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus: Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Life Cycle 69Didier Rochat, Oscar Dembilio, Josep A. Jaques, Pompeo Suma, Alessandra La Pergola, Rachid Hamidi, Dimitris Kontodimas and Victoria Soroker 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Taxonomy and Distribution 70 4.3 Biology and Host Plants 73 4.4 Life Cycle and Adaptation to the Temperate and Desert Areas 85 4.5 Conclusion 96 References 97 5 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus: Behavior, Ecology, and Communication 105Ezio Peri, Didier Rochat, Gregor Beluši¡c, Marko Ili´c, Victoria Soroker, Shay Barkan, Salvatore Guarino, Paolo Lo Bue and Stefano Colazza 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Main Behaviors Involved in Species Dynamics 106 5.3 Chemical Cues 111 5.4 Vision and Visual Cues 119 5.5 Conclusion 124 References 125 6 Paysandisia archon: Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Life Cycle 131Nunzio Isidoro, Paola Riolo, Elisa Verdolini, Ezio Peri and Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Taxonomy of the Castniidae 131 6.3 Distribution of P. archon 133 6.4 Morphology of P. archon Stages 135 6.5 Biology 137 6.6 Conclusion 145 References 145 7 Paysandisia archon: Behavior, Ecology, and Communication 150Brigitte Frérot, Rachid Hamidi, Nunzio Isidoro, Paola Riolo, Sara Ruschioni, Ezio Peri, Roberto Romani, Gregor Beluši¡c and Primož Pirih 7.1 Introduction 150 7.2 P. archon Reproductive Behavior 151 7.3 Host-Finding and Chemical Cues 155 7.4 Visual Cues: Their Roles in Mate and Host Location 160 References 167 8 Natural Enemies of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon 171Lola Ortega-García, Elisabeth Tabone, Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier, Dana Ment, Maurane Buradino, Josep A. Jaques, Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado, Oscar Dembilio and Enrique Quesada Moraga 8.1 Introduction 171 8.2 Natural Enemies 172 8.3 Perspectives on Biological Control of R. ferrugineus and P. archon 180 References 181 9 Visual Identification and Characterization of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon Infestation 187Dimitris Kontodimas, Victoria Soroker, Costas Pontikakos, Pompeo Suma, Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier, Filitsa Karamaouna and Paola Riolo 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 Non-Pathognomonic Symptoms 188 9.3 Pathognomonic Symptoms 191 9.4 Identification of RPWInfestation 201 9.5 Identification of PBM Infestation 202 9.6 Simultaneous Infestation of Both Pests and Co-Occurrence with Other Pests or Diseases 204 9.7 Conclusion 207 References 207 10 Surveillance Techniques and Detection Methods for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon 209Victoria Soroker, Pompeo Suma, Alessandra La Pergola, Vicente Navarro Llopis, Sandra Vacas, Yafit Cohen, Yuval Cohen, Victor Alchanatis, PanosMilonas, Ofri Golomb, Eitan Goldshtein, Abd El Moneam El Banna and Amots Hetzroni 10.1 Introduction 209 10.2 Acoustic Detection 210 10.3 Chemical Detection 214 10.4 Thermal Detection 218 10.5 Detection of Pest Distribution by Monitoring Traps 220 10.6 Conclusion 226 References 228 11 CPLAS Information Systemas a Monitoring Tool for Integrated Management of Palm Pests 233Costas Pontikakos, Filitsa Karamaouna, Amots Hetzroni, Dimitris Kontodimas, Victoria Soroker, Frosa Samiou, Yuval Cohen, Stella Giorgoudelli, OuraniaMelita, Stavros Papageorgiou, Paul Benjamin and Eitan Goldshtein 11.1 Introduction 233 11.2 CPLAS Architecture and Functions 234 11.3 Web-mapping Service of CPLAS 251 11.4 Conclusion 252 References 254 12 Control Measures Against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon 255Josep A. Jaques, Paola Riolo, Neil Audsley, Joan Manel Barroso, Oscar Dembilio, Nunzio Isidoro, Roxana LuisaMinuz, Sandro Nardi, Vicente Navarro Llopis, Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier and Enrique Quesada Moraga 12.1 Why Control of R. ferrugineus and P. archon is so Difficult: Reasons to Deal with Both of these Pests Together 255 12.2 Current Control Methods 256 12.3 Future Needs and Trends 270 References 271 13 Action Programs for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Paysandisia archon 280Pompeo Suma, Ezio Peri, Alessandra La Pergola, Victoria Soroker, Oscar Dembilio, Paola Riolo and Sandro Nardi 13.1 Introduction 280 13.2 General Measures against all IAS 281 13.3 Threats and Risks presented by IAS:The case of RPWand PBM 282 13.4 The Action Plan as Part of a Global Strategy for the Containment of RPW and PBM Infestations 283 13.5 Analysis of Pest Status and Distribution of RPWand PBM as a Strategy for Detecting Change and Emerging Impacts 283 13.6 Establishing Effective Systems to Assess Risk and Prioritize Management 285 13.7 Definition of an EarlyWarning and Monitoring System 286 13.8 Citizen Involvement in Undertaking Voluntary Measures to Counteract the Spread of RPWand PBM 286 13.9 Setup of an RPWand PBM Portal Online 287 13.10 Development of Funding Mechanisms to Manage RPWand PBM Infestations 287 13.11 Case Studies 288 13.12 Action Programs for Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Areas 294 13.13 Conclusion and Future Outlook 296 References 296 Index 300

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Book SynopsisFracture Management for the Small Animal Practitioner offers practical strategies and helpful approaches for managing fractures in dogs and cats. Contains all the information needed to successfully manage the most common fractures in dogs and cats Emphasizes clinically oriented tips for treating fractures from experienced surgeons Offers an abundance of color photographs to illustrate the techniques Trade Review“Fracture Management for the Small Animal Practitioner … contains detailed images and descriptive paragraphs, which are especially beneficial as references for orthopedic bandage placement. The book also contains many insightful suggestions, techniques, and other tidbits for improving the clinical outcome for small animal patients with fractures…. I recommend this book as a simple and rapid reference for practitioners who desire guidance on stabilizing acute fractures, addressing owners’ expectations, understanding when referral to an orthopedic specialist is and is not necessary, and assisting owners with providing follow-up care during recovery.” - JAVMA, Mar 15, 2020, Vol.256, No.6Table of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xvii Section 1 General Information 1 1 Fracture Identification 3Anne M. Sylvestre 1.1 Number of Fragments 3 1.2 Fracture Configuration 3 1.3 Location on the Bone 7 1.4 Salter– Harris Fractures 7 2 Open Fractures 9Anne M. Sylvestre 2.1 First Degree 9 2.2 Second Degree 9 2.3 Third Degree 9 Reference 10 3 Patient Management 11Anne M. Sylvestre 3.1 The Patient 11 3.1.1 Upon Admission 11 3.1.2 Immediate Postoperative Care 11 3.1.3 Upon Discharge From Hospital 11 3.1.4 Outside and Walks 12 3.1.5 Follow‐up Radiographs and Healing Times 13 3.1.6 Implant Removal 13 3.2 The Owner 14 3.2.1 Slippery Floors 14 3.2.2 Stairs 15 3.2.3 No Jumping 15 3.2.4 Common Stressors 15 3.2.5 Crates 15 3.2.6 Icing 15 3.2.7 Gentle Passive Range of Motion (PROM) 16 3.2.8 Urination and Bowel Movements 16 3.2.9 Food and Water 16 3.2.10 Cats 17 3.3 Managing Osteoarthritis (OA) 17 References 17 4 Bandages and Splints 19Jennifer White and Anne M. Sylvestre 4.1 The Bandage 19 4.1.1 Layers of a Bandage 19 4.1.2 Creating the Bandage 19 4.2 Forelimb 27 4.2.1 Velpeau Sling 27 4.2.2 Spica Bandage 30 4.2.3 Antebrachial Bandages 31 4.2.4 Bandages for a Manus 37 4.2.5 Carpal Flexion Sling 37 4.3 Hind Limb 39 4.3.1 Ehmer Sling 39 4.3.2 Robert Jones Bandage 39 4.3.3 Crural and Tarsal Bandages 39 4.3.4 Bandages for a Pes 47 4.3.5 Robinson and 90‐90 Slings 47 4.4 Bandage Care 47 4.4.1 Home Care Instructions 47 4.4.2 Bandage Changes 50 4.4.3 Bandage/Splint Complications 50 Reference 60 Section 2 The Forequarter 61 5 Mandible and Maxilla 63Teresa Jacobson 5.1 Mandibular Fractures 63 5.1.1 Mandibular Symphyseal Separation 63 5.1.2 Rostral Mandibular Fractures 63 5.1.3 Fracture at the Level of the Mandibular First Molar 64 5.1.4 Temporomandibular Luxation 65 5.1.5 Other Mandibular Fractures 68 5.2 Maxillary Fractures 68 5.2.1 Fracture and/or Avulsion of the Incisive Bone 68 5.2.2 Fractures of the Maxillary Bone 68 5.3 Managing Expectations 68 5.4 Alternatives When the Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 68 5.5 Potential Complications of Maxillofacial Fracture Repair 69 References 74 6 Scapula 75Anne M. Sylvestre 6.1 Fractures 75 6.1.1 Fractures Through the Body and Spine of the Scapula 75 6.1.2 Acromion Fractures 76 6.1.3 Fractures of the Neck of the Scapula 76 6.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 78 6.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 78 References 79 7 Shoulder Joint 81Anne M. Sylvestre 7.1 Fractures and Luxations 82 7.1.1 Avulsion of the Supraglenoid Tuberosity 82 7.1.2 T or Y Fractures of the Scapular Neck and Glenoid Rim 82 7.1.3 Other Fractures Involving the Shoulder Joint 82 7.1.4 Medial Luxations 82 7.1.5 Lateral Luxations 84 7.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 84 7.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 86 7.3.1 Fractures 86 7.3.2 Luxations 86 References 86 8 Humerus 87Catherine Popovitch, Thomas W.G. Gibson, and Anne M. Sylvestre 8.1 Fractures 88 8.1.1 Physeal Fractures of the Proximal Humerus 88 8.1.2 Two‐Piece Humeral Shaft Fractures 88 8.1.3 Multifragmented Humeral Shaft and/or Supracondylar Fractures 89 8.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 90 8.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 90 References 91 9 Elbow Joint 93Anne M. Sylvestre 9.1 Fractures and Luxations 94 9.1.1 Condylar Fractures 94 9.1.2 Bicondylar Fractures 94 9.1.3 Acute Luxations 94 9.1.4 Chronic Luxations 99 9.1.5 Proximal Ulnar Fractures 100 9.1.6 Monteggia Fractures 100 9.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 101 9.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 101 9.3.1 For Patients with a Fracture 101 9.3.2 For Patients with a Luxation 102 References 102 10 Radius and Ulna 105Catherine Popovitch, Thomas W.G. Gibson, and Anne M. Sylvestre 10.1 Fractures 106 10.1.1 Fractures of the Proximal Ulna 106 10.1.2 Fractures of the Proximal Radius 106 10.1.3 Fractures of the Radius in Toy Breed Dogs 106 10.1.4 Fractures of the Radius and Ulna in Non‐Toy Breed Dogs and Cats 107 10.1.5 Isolated Fractures of the Shaft of the Ulna 112 10.1.6 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Radius 112 10.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 114 10.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 114 References 117 11 Carpal Joint 119Anne M. Sylvestre 11.1 Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries 120 11.1.1 Fractures of the Styloid Process of the Radius or Distal Ulna 120 11.1.2 Fractures of the Radial Carpal Bone 120 11.1.3 Fractures of the Accessory Carpal Bone 122 11.1.4 Fractures of the Ulnar Carpal Bone 123 11.1.5 Collateral Ligament Injuries 123 11.1.6 Shearing Injuries 124 11.1.7 Hyperextension Injuries 125 11.1.8 Luxation of the Antebrachiaocarpal Joint 125 11.1.9 Luxation of the Accessory Carpal Bone 125 11.1.10 Luxation of the Radiocarpal Bone 126 11.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 127 11.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 127 11.3.1 For Patients with a Fracture 127 11.3.2 For Patients with Ligamentous Injuries 128 11.4 About Pancarpal Arthrodesis 128 11.5 About Partial Carpal Arthrodesis 128 References 129 Section 3 The Hindquarter 131 12 Pelvis 133Anne M. Sylvestre 12.1 Co‐morbidities 134 12.2 Fractures 134 12.2.1 SI Luxations/Fractures 134 12.2.2 Fractures of the Ilial Shaft or Wing 134 12.2.3 Acetabular Fractures 137 12.2.4 Ischial Fractures 137 12.2.5 Fractures of the Pelvic Floor 137 12.2.6 Summary of Indications for Surgical Repair of Pelvic Fractures 138 12.3 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 139 12.4 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 139 References 140 13 Coxofemoral Joint 141Thomas W.G. Gibson and Anne M. Sylvestre 13.1 Fractures and Luxations 141 13.1.1 Acetabular Fractures 141 13.1.2 Hip Luxations 142 13.1.3 Alternative Treatment of Choice: Open Reduction 146 13.1.4 Capital Physeal Fractures of the Proximal Femur 148 13.1.5 Fractures of the Femoral Neck 149 13.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 150 13.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 150 13.3.1 Acetabular Fractures 150 13.3.2 Luxations 150 13.3.3 Femoral Head and Neck Fractures 151 13.4 About the FHO 151 References 152 14 Femur 153Thomas W.G. Gibson and Anne M. Sylvestre 14.1 Fractures 154 14.1.1 Avulsion Fractures of the Greater Trochanter 154 14.1.2 Fractures of the Femoral Shaft 154 14.1.3 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Femur 157 14.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 159 14.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 159 References 161 15 Stifle Joint 163Anne M. Sylvestre 15.1 Fractures and Luxations 164 15.1.1 Articular Distal Femoral Fractures 164 15.1.2 Patellar Fractures 164 15.1.3 Traumatic Patellar Luxations 166 15.1.4 Collateral Ligament Damage 166 15.1.5 Luxation of the Stifle Joint 166 15.1.6 Articular Proximal Tibial Fractures 169 15.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 170 15.3 Alternatives Treatment When Surgery is Not an Option 170 References 170 16 Tibia and Fibula 171Thomas W.G. Gibson and Anne M. Sylvestre 16.1 Fractures 172 16.1.1 Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fractures 172 16.1.2 Tibial Plateau Physeal Fractures 172 16.1.3 Proximal Tibial Shaft Fractures 173 16.1.4 Fractures of the Mid‐ and Mid‐to‐Distal Portions of the Tibial Shaft 173 16.1.5 Fractures of the Distal Tibial Shaft 177 16.1.6 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Tibia/Fibula 177 16.1.7 Fractures of the Fibular Shaft Alone 177 16.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 178 16.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 178 References 181 17 Tarsal Joint 183Anne M. Sylvestre 17.1 Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries 184 17.1.1 Articular Distal Tibial Fractures 184 17.1.2 Fractures of the Medial Malleolus or the Lateral Malleolus 184 17.1.3 Medial or Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries 186 17.1.4 Luxations of the Tarsocrural Joint 186 17.1.5 Shearing Injuries 186 17.1.6 Fractures of the Calcaneus 188 17.1.7 Fractures/Luxations of the Talus 192 17.1.8 Fractures/Luxations of the Central Tarsal Bone 193 17.1.9 Fractures of the Numbered Tarsal Bones 193 17.1.10 Luxation of the Intertarsal and/or Tarsometatarsal Joints 194 17.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments 194 17.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 195 17.4 About Pantarsal Arthrodesis 195 17.5 About Partial Tarsal Arthrodesis 195 References 197 18 Paw (Manus and Pes) 199Anne M. Sylvestre 18.1 Fractures and Luxations 199 18.1.1 MC/MT Fractures 199 18.1.2 Phalangeal Fractures 202 18.1.3 Luxations of the Inter‐Phalangeal or MC/MT‐Phalangeal Joints 203 18.2 Managing Expectation with Recommended Treatments 204 18.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option 204 References 204 Section 4 Fracture Repair Techniques 205 19 Essential Information on Fracture Repair 207Anne M. Sylvestre 19.1 Forces Applied to a Bone 208 19.2 Techniques for Reducing a Fracture 208 19.2.1 Distraction 209 19.2.2 Lever 209 19.2.3 Toggle 209 19.2.4 Oblique Fractures 210 19.2.5 Using the Plate 211 19.3 Instrumentation 211 19.3.1 Drills 211 19.3.2 Fracture Repair General Instruments 213 References 214 20 Pins and Wires 215Catherine Popovitch 20.1 Case Selection 215 20.2 Instrumentation 215 20.3 Fundamentals of Application 215 20.3.1 Cerclage Wires 215 20.3.2 Pins 216 20.4 Pinning Techniques for Various Long Bones 218 20.4.1 Humerus 218 20.4.2 Radius 218 20.4.3 Femur 218 20.4.4 Tibia 220 References 221 21 Plating 223Anne M. Sylvestre 21.1 Case Selection 223 21.2 Instrumentation 223 21.2.1 Bone Screws 223 21.2.2 Bone Plates 224 21.2.3 Plating‐specific Instruments 225 21.3 Fundamentals of Application 226 21.3.1 Selecting a Plate 226 21.3.2 At Surgery 227 21.3.3 Pin–Plate Combination 228 21.3.4 Stack Plating 230 21.4 Postoperative Care 230 21.5 Plating Techniques for Various Long Bones 230 21.5.1 Humerus 230 21.5.2 Radius 230 21.5.3 Femur 230 21.5.4 Tibia 232 References 233 22 External Fixators 235Kathryn Wander 22.1 Case Selection 235 22.2 Basic Rules of External Fixation 235 22.2.1 Pins 235 22.2.2 Connecting Bars 236 22.2.3 Clamps 236 22.3 Fundamentals of Application 237 22.4 Fixators: Biomechanics/Constructs 237 22.4.1 Acrylic Splints/Constructs 238 22.4.2 Circular External Fixators 239 22.5 Postoperative Care 239 22.6 Complications 241 22.7 Preferred Technique for Various Long Bones 242 22.7.1 Tibial Fractures 242 22.7.2 Humeral Fractures 242 22.7.3 Femoral Fractures 242 22.7.4 Radial Fractures 242 References 243 23 Repair of Physeal Fractures 245Thomas W.G. Gibson 23.1 Physeal Fractures 245 23.1.1 Crossed Pin Technique 246 23.2 Avulsion Type Physeal Fractures 247 23.2.1 Tension Band Wiring Technique 247 23.3 Repair Techniques for Various Physeal Fractures 247 23.3.1 Proximal Humerus 247 23.3.2 Proximal Ulna 247 23.3.3 Proximal Radius 247 23.3.4 Distal Radius 247 23.3.5 Greater Trochanter 248 23.3.6 Distal Femur 248 23.3.7 Tibial Tuberosity 248 23.3.8 Proximal Tibial Physis 248 23.3.9 Distal Tibial Physis 248 References 248 24 Fractures of the Jaw 251Teresa Jacobson 24.1 Anatomical Considerations 251 24.2 Jaw Fracture Management 251 24.2.1 The Principles of Jaw Fracture Management 252 24.2.2 Intubation Considerations for the Fracture Repair 253 24.2.3 Feeding Plan Post Jaw Fracture Repair 253 24.3 Pain Management 254 24.4 Maxillofacial Fracture Repair 255 24.5 Methods of Maxillofacial Fracture Stabilization 257 24.5.1 Tape or Nylon Muzzles 257 24.5.2 Osseous Wiring Techniques for Maxillofacial Fracture Repair 257 24.5.3 Intra‐Dental Wiring Techniques with Acrylic Reinforcement 260 24.5.4 Bonding the Maxillary to the Mandibular Canines 265 24.6 Bone Grafts 266 24.7 Teeth in the Fracture Line 266 24.8 Antibiotic Therapy in Maxillofacial Fracture Repair 267 24.9 Irrigation of the Appliance 267 24.10 Recheck Examinations 267 References 267 25 Approaches to the Long Bones 269Anne M. Sylvestre 25.1 Approach to the Diaphysis of the Humerus 269 25.1.1 Patient Position 269 25.1.2 The Surgical Approach 269 25.2 Approach to the Diaphysis of the Radius 271 25.2.1 Patient Position 271 25.2.2 Surgical Approach 271 25.3 Approach to the Femoral Diaphysis 271 25.3.1 Patient Position 271 25.3.2 The Surgical Approach 272 25.4 Approach to the Tibial Diaphysis 272 25.4.1 Patient Position 272 25.4.2 The Surgical Approach 272 Reference 274 26 Implants 275Harold Wotton 26.1 Maneuvering Orthopedic Implants 275 26.2 Quality Implants: Essential Information on Quality Implants 276 26.3 Titanium vs Stainless Steel 276 Index 279

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Book SynopsisPitfalls in Veterinary Surgery offers a candid examination of real-life mistakes and mishaps encountered while operating on veterinary patients.Trade Review�[The book] is generally well written and will be a great adjunct for general practitioners and veterinary students, interns, and residents who have an interest in small animal surgery. For experienced veterinary surgeons, it is a heartwarming and humbling read of relatable experiences.� JAVMA, January 2018 Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors vii Acknowledgments ix Preface xi 1 “Can’t You Do Anything Right?”: The Shocking Realization That I Was Not Perfect 1 2 Beastly Bellies 5 3 The Friday Night Special: Or Why Do Patients Become Critical Just Before the Weekend? 15 4 Between a Rock and a Hard Place: When to Refer and What Do You Do When Referral Is Not an Option? 27 5 Courage, Mystery, and Awe: The Intangibles of Being a Veterinary Doctor 39Julie M. Meadows 6 Placed on Earth to Test Us: The Not]So]Humble Spay 43Catherine F. Le Bars 7 “Oops!”: Not a Good Word to Hear During Surgery 47 8 Learning the Hard Way: Student, Resident, Teacher 57 9 “But I Don’t Want to Look Stupid …”: How to Let Others Help You 65 10 “It Didn’t Look Like That on Paper!”: When Textbooks Let Us Down 73 11 “It Will Be Interesting to See Whether That Works”: How to Be a Creative Surgeon 83 12 When the Unthinkable Happens: Mishaps, Mis]steps, and Medical Errors 95 13 Things Went South – Now What? 103 14 “There’s Got to Be a Morning After”: Things Went Wrong – Now Live With It 111 15 One Leg Too Many: Patients Who Lost Limbs 121 16 Reconstruction Rescue: When the Hole Just Keeps Getting Bigger and Bigger 133 17 “Why Is Sam Straining?”: Iatrogenic Strictures and Stray Oddities 143 18 “An Alien in My Waiting Room”: Everyday Occurences of the Unexpected and Unbelievable 155 19 Rewind: What Would I Do Differently If I Had the Chance? 167 Index 171

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Book SynopsisA rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field. Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of invertebrate diseases and pathogensInvertebrate pathogen ecology and the ecology of pathogen groupsApplied ecology of invertebrate pathogensLeveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in microbial controlPrevention and management of infectious Table of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xxi Section I Introduction 1 1 General Concepts in the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 3Ann E. Hajek and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.1.1 What Is Disease? 4 1.1.2 Terminology and Measurements 5 1.1.2.1 Prevalence/Incidence 5 1.1.2.2 Pathogenicity/Virulence 5 1.1.2.3 Infection/Infectivity 6 1.1.2.4 Immunity 6 1.1.2.5 Transmission 7 1.1.2.6 Epizootic and Enzootic Diseases 7 1.1.2.7 Cycles of Infection 8 1.1.2.8 R0 and the Host Density Threshold 10 1.1.3 Factors Influencing the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 11 1.1.3.1 Host Range 12 1.2 Types of Studies 13 1.3 Why Study the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases? 13 1.4 What this Book Covers 14 Acknowledgments 16 References 16 2 Methods for Studying the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases and Pathogens 19Raquel Campos-Herrera and Lawrence A. Lacey 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Traditional Methods for Studying Diseases 19 2.2.1 Sampling Goals 19 2.2.2 Sampling Regimes 20 2.2.3 Methodologies 20 2.2.3.1 Searching for Infected Insects Using General Entomological Sampling Methods 23 2.2.3.2 Selective Media 23 2.2.3.3 Extraction Methods 24 2.2.3.4 Airborne Spore Sampling 24 2.2.3.5 Insect Baiting 24 2.2.3.6 Dispersal of Entomopathogens: Mark–Release–Recapture Method 25 2.3 Molecular Tools to Assist in the Detection and Quantification of Pathogens and their Impact on the Host 25 2.3.1 Employment of Proteins: The Beginning of the Molecular Era in Invertebrate Pathology 26 2.3.2 Techniques Based on the Nucleic Acids: the “Pre]Omics” Era 27 2.3.3 Advanced Techniques: qPCR, NGS, and the Arrival of the ]Omics Era 31 2.4 Traditional Versus Molecular Methods: Advantages and Limitations 33 2.5 Advancing the Frontiers of Ecology using Pathogens and Diseases 36 2.6 Conclusion38 Acknowledgments 38 References 38 Section II The Basics of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 49 3 The Pathogen Population 51Leellen F. Solter and James J. Becnel 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Characteristics of Pathogens 51 3.2.1 Invasiveness and Infectivity 52 3.2.1.1 Routes of Entry 53 3.2.1.2 Establishment of Infection and Tissue Tropism 54 3.2.2 Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Pathogen Replication 55 3.2.2.1 Virulence Factors 57 3.2.2.2 Attenuation or Enhancement of Virulence 58 3.2.3 Latency 59 3.2.4 Obligate, Opportunistic, and Facultative Pathogens 60 3.2.5 Transmission 61 3.2.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 61 3.2.5.2 Vertical Transmission 62 3.2.5.3 Indirect Transmission 63 3.2.6 Genetic Variability and Potential for Coevolution with Hosts 64 3.2.6.1 Species and Strains 64 3.2.6.2 Host Specificity 65 3.3 Pathogen Effects on Host Development and Behavior 66 3.4 Pathogen Populations 67 3.4.1 Density]Dependent Pathogens 67 3.4.2 Density]Independent Pathogens 68 3.4.3 Pathogen Persistence in the Host Population 68 3.4.3.1 Chronic Infections and Vertical Transmission 69 3.4.3.2 Alternative and Alternate/Intermediate Hosts 69 3.4.3.3 Pathogen Survival in Cadavers and in Plant Tissues 70 3.4.3.4 Latency in Host Populations 70 3.4.4 Persistence of Pathogen Stages in the Environment 71 3.5 Dispersal and Spatial Distribution of Pathogens 72 3.5.1 Physical Factors: Wind and Water Dispersal 73 3.5.2 Biological Factors 73 3.5.3 Spatial Distribution 74 3.6 Pathogen Interactions 75 3.6.1 Interactions with other Biological Agents 75 3.6.2 Interactions with Pesticides and other Chemicals 77 3.6.3 Enhancing Factors 77 3.7 Conclusion 78 References 79 4 The Host Population 101Louela A. Castrillo 4.1 Introduction 101 4.2 General Host Factors 103 4.2.1 Routes of Pathogen Acquisition 103 4.2.2 Insect Species, Life Stage, Age, and Gender 103 4.2.3 Population Density 104 4.3 Barriers to Microbial Infection 105 4.3.1 Insect Integument 105 4.3.2 Tracheae 107 4.3.3 Insect Gut 108 4.3.3.1 Peritrophic Membrane and Basal Lamina 108 4.3.3.2 Conditions in the Gut Lumen 108 4.3.3.3 Sloughing of Infected Epidermal Cells 109 4.4 Defenses against Microbial Infection 110 4.4.1 Innate Immune System 110 4.4.1.1 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Cellular Immunity 110 4.4.1.2 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Phenoloxidase 113 4.4.1.3 Induced Innate Immunity: Reactive Oxygen Species 113 4.4.1.4 Induced Innate Immunity: Antimicrobial Peptides 114 4.4.2 Microbiome]Based Defenses 117 4.4.2.1 Gut Microbiota 117 4.4.2.2 Intracellular Symbionts 118 4.4.3 Behavioral Defenses 119 4.4.3.1 Avoidance/Evasion 120 4.4.3.2 Grooming and Hygienic Behaviors 121 4.4.3.3 Diet]Based Prophylactic and Therapeutic Defenses 122 4.4.3.4 Thermoregulation 123 4.4.3.5 Deposition of Antimicrobial Compounds 123 4.5 Resistance via Priming 124 4.6 Conclusion 125 Acknowledgments 126 References 126 5 Abiotic Factors 143Dana Ment, Ikkei Shikano and Itamar Glazer 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 The Surviving Unit 143 5.2.1 Nematodes 143 5.2.2 Fungi 144 5.2.3 Viruses 145 5.2.4 Bacteria 146 5.3 Abiotic Factors Affecting Invertebrate Pathogens 146 5.3.1 Temperature 146 5.3.1.1 Nematodes 147 5.3.1.2 Fungi 148 5.3.1.3 Viruses 150 5.3.1.4 Bacteria 152 5.3.2 Moisture and Humidity 152 5.3.2.1 Nematodes 153 5.3.2.2 Fungi 154 5.3.2.3 Viruses 155 5.3.2.4 Bacteria 156 5.3.3 Ultraviolet Radiation 156 5.3.3.1 Nematodes 157 5.3.3.2 Fungi 157 5.3.3.3 Viruses 158 5.3.3.4 Bacteria 158 5.3.4 Chemical Inputs 159 5.3.4.1 Nematodes 159 5.3.4.2 Fungi 160 5.3.4.3 Viruses 160 5.3.4.4 Bacteria 161 5.3.5 Other Habitat Characteristics 162 5.3.5.1 Nematodes 162 5.3.5.2 Fungi 163 5.3.5.3 Viruses 164 5.3.5.4 Bacteria 165 5.4 Mechanisms of Survival 165 5.4.1 Nematodes 165 5.4.2 Fungi 166 5.4.3 Viruses 166 5.4.4 Bacteria 167 5.5 Conclusion 167 References 169 6 The Biotic Environment 187Jenny S. Cory and Pauline S. Deschodt 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Tritrophic Interactions 188 6.2.1 Further Complexity 190 6.3 Pathogen– Natural Enemy Interactions 191 6.3.1 Entomopathogen–Entomopathogen Interactions 191 6.3.2 Entomopathogen–Parasitoid Interactions 195 6.3.2.1 Effects of Pathogens on Parasitoids 195 6.3.2.2 Effects of Parasitoids on Pathogens 197 6.3.2.3 Population Level Effects 198 6.3.3 Pathogen–Predator Interactions 199 6.3.4 Conclusion 200 6.4 Microbe- Mediated Defense 200 6.4.1 Heritable Symbionts 201 6.4.2 Do Gut Microflora Influence Pathogen Susceptibility? 202 6.4.3 Future Directions 204 6.5 Conclusion 204 Acknowledgments 204 References 205 Section III Ecology of Pathogen Groups 213 7 Viruses 215Trevor Williams 7.1 Introduction 215 7.2 Diversity of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 216 7.3 Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 219 7.4 Key Aspects of Pathogen Ecology 220 7.5 Transmission 221 7.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 221 7.5.1.1 Estimating Horizontal Transmission 223 7.5.2 Vertical Transmission 223 7.6 Persistence 225 7.6.1 Persistence within the Host 225 7.6.2 Persistence Outside of the Host 226 7.6.2.1 Persistence on Plants 227 7.6.2.2 Persistence in Soil 229 7.6.2.3 Persistence in Water 230 7.7 Dispersal 231 7.7.1 Host]Mediated Dispersal 231 7.7.2 Environmental Factors Involved in Dispersal 232 7.7.3 Biotic Factors that Assist the Dispersal of Viruses 233 7.7.3.1 Predators 233 7.7.3.2 Parasitoids 234 7.7.3.3 Other Organisms 234 7.7.4 Agricultural Practices that Affect Dispersal 234 7.7.5 Spatial Patterns of Dispersal 235 7.8 Genetic Diversity in Viruses 235 7.8.1 Genetic Diversity is Pervasive in Virus Populations 235 7.8.2 Genetic Diversity Favors Virus Survival 237 7.8.3 What Generates So Much Genetic Diversity? 238 7.8.4 How Is Genetic Diversity Transmitted? 239 7.9 Role of Host Behavior in Virus Ecology 240 7.9.1 Foraging Decisions: What and Where to Eat 240 7.9.2 The Risks of Cannibalism 241 7.9.3 Sexually Transmitted Viral Diseases 241 7.9.4 Ecological Consequences of Host Manipulation by Viruses 242 7.9.4.1 Molecular Basis for Host Manipulation 243 7.10 Dynamics of Viruses in Host Populations 244 7.10.1 Pathogenic Viruses Can Regulate Populations 244 7.10.2 Ecosystem Characteristics that Favor Virus Transmission 246 7.10.3 Climate Change and Insect–Virus Population Dynamics 247 7.11 Influence of Abiotic Factors on Viruses 248 7.11.1 Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Viruses 248 7.11.2 Seasonal Effects on Viruses 250 7.11.3 Effect of Temperature on Viruses 250 7.11.4 Humidity, Moisture and Precipitation 251 7.11.5 Effect of pH on Viruses 251 7.12 Biotic Factors that Interact with Virus Populations 253 7.12.1 Plant Phenology, Structure, and Nutritional Value 253 7.12.2 Phytochemical–Virus Interactions 253 7.12.3 Virus Interactions with Alternative Hosts 254 7.12.4 Competition and Facilitation in Virus Interactions with Other Organisms 255 7.12.4.1 Virus Interactions with Parasitoids 255 7.12.4.2 Virus Interactions with Other Pathogens 257 7.12.4.3 Virus Interactions with Microbiota 258 7.13 Conclusion 258 Acknowledgments 259 References 259 8 Bacteria 287Trevor A. Jackson, Colin Berry and Maureen O’Callaghan 8.1 Introduction 287 8.2 Bacterial Pathogens and Associations with Insects 288 8.3 Pathogenicity and Virulence 294 8.3.1 Pathogenicity 295 8.3.2 Virulence 299 8.4 Disease Transmission 300 8.5 Survival in the Environment 301 8.5.1 Soil 302 8.5.2 Aqueous Environments 304 8.5.3 On the Phylloplane and In Planta 304 8.6 Population Dynamics: Epizootics and Enzootics 305 8.7 Evolution 308 8.8 Ecology Guiding Use of Bacterial Entomopathogens in Microbial Control 309 8.9 Conclusion 311 References 312 9 Fungi 327Ann E. Hajek and Nicolai V. Meyling 9.1 Introduction 327 9.1.1 Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy 328 9.1.2 Relevance of Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy in Ecology 330 9.2 Fungal Biology and Pathology 331 9.2.1 Biology and Pathology of Major Groups of Fungal Pathogens 331 9.2.1.1 Entomophthoromycotina, Entomophthorales 331 9.2.1.2 Ascomycota, Hypocreales 333 9.2.2 Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi 334 9.2.2.1 Patterns of Fungal Abundance and Distribution: Insights from the Use of Molecular Markers 335 9.2.3 Factors Governing Diversity Patterns of Fungal Pathogens 337 9.3 Dynamics of Fungal Pathogens 338 9.3.1 Disease Transmission 338 9.3.2 Fungal Dispersal 341 9.3.3 Fungal Environmental Survival and Persistence 341 9.3.4 Impacts on Host Population Densities over Space and Time 342 9.4 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Host Individuals 344 9.4.1 Host Responses to Fungal Pathogens to Prevent or Cure Infections 344 9.5 Impact of Abiotic Factors on Infected Hosts and Pathogen Inocula 347 9.6 Impact of Biotic Factors on Pathogenic Fungi 349 9.6.1 Endophytic and Rhizosphere Associations of Invertebrate Fungal Pathogens 349 9.6.1.1 Natural Occurrence and Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi as Plant Associates 350 9.6.1.2 Experimental Inoculations of Plants with Entomopathogenic Fungi 351 9.6.1.3 Direct and Indirect Fungal Interactions with Insects and Plants 352 9.6.2 Interactions between Host Symbionts and Fungal Pathogens 353 9.6.3 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Other Natural Enemies 354 9.6.3.1 Interactions among Co]infecting Pathogens 355 9.6.3.2 Interactions of Fungal Pathogens with Parasitoids and Predators 356 9.6.4 Mycoparasitism of Fungal Pathogens 357 9.7 Use of Pathogenic Fungi for Biological Control of Invertebrates 358 9.8 Conclusion 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 362 10 Microsporidia 379Gernot Hoch and Leellen F. Solter 10.1 Introduction 379 10.1.1 Mechanisms of Infection 380 10.1.2 Microsporidian Life Cycles 381 10.1.3 Pathology 381 10.2 Host Population 383 10.2.1 Susceptibility to Microsporidiosis 383 10.2.2 Immune Response 383 10.2.3 Behavioral Response 384 10.3 Pathogen Population 385 10.3.1 Virulence of Microsporidian Pathogens 385 10.3.2 Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.1 Physiological vs. Ecological Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.2 Host Range 386 10.3.2.3 Alternate Hosts 387 10.3.2.4 Microsporidia Crossing the Invertebrate–Vertebrate Barrier 387 10.3.3 Persistence in the Environment 388 10.4 Transmission 390 10.4.1 Horizontal Transmission 390 10.4.1.1 Transmission from Living Hosts 390 10.4.1.2 Transmission after Host Death 392 10.4.1.3 Transmission by Parasitoid Vectors 393 10.4.1.4 Effects of Host Development and Host–Microsporidia Interactions on Transmission 393 10.4.2 Vertical Transmission 394 10.5 Epizootiology 397 10.5.1 Microsporidian Prevalence in Invertebrate Populations and Impact on Host Populations 397 10.5.2 Microsporidia in Cultured Insects 398 10.5.3 Microsporidia as Potential Biological Control Agents 399 References 400 11 Nematodes 415David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Ivan Hiltpold and Edwin E. Lewis 11.1 Introduction 415 11.1.1 Diversity and Life Histories 415 11.1.2 EPN Distribution 420 11.2 Transmission 421 11.3 Host Population 421 11.4 Pathogen Population 422 11.4.1 Pathogenicity and Virulence 422 11.4.2 Persistence and Recycling 423 11.4.3 Dispersal and Foraging Behavior 423 11.5 Abiotic Environmental Factors 424 11.5.1 Soil Moisture 424 11.5.2 Soil Temperature 425 11.5.3 Soil Characteristics and Chemistry 425 11.5.4 Ultraviolet Light 426 11.6 Biotic Interactions 426 11.6.1 Interactions with Predators and Pathogens, Including Intraguild Competition 426 11.6.2 Cues Used in Host]Finding and Navigation 427 11.6.3 Tri]trophic Interactions (Plant, Insect, Nematode) 427 11.7 Applied Ecology and Aspects in Microbial Control 427 11.7.1 Production, Formulation, and Application 427 11.7.2 Approaches to Microbial Control 428 11.8 Conclusion 430 References 431 Section IV Applied Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens 441 12 Modeling Insect Epizootics and their Population-Level Consequences 443Bret D. Elderd 12.1 Introduction 443 12.2 The Pathogen and its Hosts 445 12.3 Modeling Disease Transmission: A Single Epizootic 447 12.3.1 Phenomenological and Mechanistic Models 448 12.4 Fitting Models to Data 450 12.4.1 Akaike Information Criterion 451 12.4.2 An Example of the AIC in Action 452 12.5 A Bayesian Approach 453 12.5.1 Fitting a Bayesian Model 454 12.5.2 An Example of the WAIC in Action 456 12.6 Long-Term Dynamics 457 12.6.1 Long]Term Dynamics: Confronting Models with Data 458 12.6.2 Time]Series Diagnostics 459 12.7 Modifying and Applying the Model 462 12.8 Conclusion 463 Acknowledgments 463 References 463 13 Leveraging the Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens in Microbial Control 469Surendra K. Dara, Tarryn A. Goble and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 13.1 Basics of Microbial Control and Approaches 469 13.1.1 Classical Microbial Control 469 13.1.2 Inoculative Release 471 13.1.3 Inundative Release 472 13.1.4 Conservation/Environmental Manipulation 472 13.2 Ecological Considerations 472 13.2.1 Host Specificity 472 13.2.2 Dispersal Ability 473 13.2.3 Virulence 473 13.2.4 Pathogen Density 473 13.2.5 Host]Related Factors 474 13.2.6 Transmission 474 13.2.7 Environmental Persistence 475 13.3 Methods to Improve Microbial Control 476 13.3.1 Improving the Organism as a Microbial Control Agent 476 13.3.2 Improving Production Methods 477 13.3.3 Improving Formulation and Application Technologies 478 13.3.4 Improving the Environment 479 13.4 Incorporating Microbial Control into Integrated Pest-Management Systems 480 13.4.1 Regulatory Issues 480 13.4.2 Standalone vs. Integrated Approaches 481 13.4.3 Case Studies 481 13.4.3.1 Orchard Crops 482 13.4.3.2 Row Crops 482 13.4.3.3 Forests 483 13.4.3.4 Greenhouses 483 13.5 Conclusion 484 References 484 14 Prevention and Management of Diseases in Terrestrial Invertebrates 495Jørgen Eilenberg and Annette Bruun Jensen 14.1 Introduction 495 14.1.1 Types of Production Facilities 496 14.1.2 Transmission of Insect Diseases in Production Facilities 499 14.2 Major uses of Insects and Mites in the Production and Transmission of Insect Pathogens within Production Systems 500 14.2.1 Pollination and Honey Production 500 14.2.2 Silk Production 507 14.2.3 Biological Control 509 14.2.4 Production of Insects for Food and Feed 512 14.3 Status of Diagnostic Services 516 14.4 Ensuring Production of Healthy Insects 516 14.5 Conclusion 519 Acknowledgments 519 References 519 15 Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases in Aquatic Invertebrates 527Jeffrey D. Shields 15.1 Scope 527 15.1.1 Myriad Pathogens Infect Aquatic Invertebrates 527 15.1.2 Overview of Disease Issues in Assessing Epidemics in Aquatic Invertebrates 531 15.2 Oyster Diseases 539 15.3 Crustacean Diseases 543 15.3.1 Outbreaks in Shrimp Aquaculture 544 15.3.2 Disease Management in Shrimp Aquaculture 548 15.3.2.1 Switching Species and Specific Pathogen]Free (SPF) Stocks 549 15.3.2.2 Surveillance 550 15.3.2.3 Development of “Vaccines” 551 15.3.2.4 Ecological and Biological Control 551 15.3.3 Crayfish and Krebspest 552 15.3.4 Disease Emergence in Culture of the Chinese Mitten Crab 553 15.4 Crustacean Fisheries 554 15.4.1 Snow Crabs and Bitter Crab Disease 555 15.4.2 American Lobster and Epizootic Shell Disease 556 15.4.3 Spiny Lobsters and PaV1 559 15.5 Agencies for Disease Management 560 15.6 Conclusion 563 Acknowledgments 563 References 563 16 Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Invertebrates 587Colleen A. Burge, Amanda Shore-Maggio and Natalie D. Rivlin 16.1 Introduction 587 16.2 Host–Pathogen Relationships and Anthropogenic Change 593 16.2.1 Ecological Context of Invertebrate Host–Pathogen Relationships 593 16.2.2 Anthropogenic Change and Disease Emergence 594 16.2.2.1 Host Factors 595 16.2.2.2 Pathogen Factors 595 16.2.2.3 Environment Factors 595 16.3 Case Studies of Invertebrate Disease Emergence 596 16.3.1 Molluscan Herpesvirus Infections of Bivalves 597 16.3.1.1 OsHV]1 Infections of Pacific Oysters and Other Bivalves 598 16.3.2 Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease of Shrimp 601 16.3.3 Emerging Densoviruses of Arthropods and Echinoderms 603 16.3.3.1 Acheta domesticus Densovirus 603 16.3.3.2 Sea Star]Associated Densovirus 604 16.3.4 Emerging Pathogens of Pollinators 605 16.3.4.1 Varroa destructor and Deformed Wing Virus 606 16.3.4.2 Spillover and spread of Nosema ceranae 607 16.3.4.3 Multi]stressors, Bee Mortalities and Control Measures 608 16.3.5 Emergent Coral Diseases 608 16.3.5.1 Black Band Disease 609 16.3.5.2 Acroporid Serratosis 610 16.3.5.3 Problems Facing Coral Disease Investigations 610 16.4 Conclusion 611 Acknowledgments 612 References 612 17 Conclusions and Future Directions 627David Shapiro-Ilan and Ann E. Hajek 17.1 The Increasing Urgency of the Study of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 627 17.1.1 Food Security and the Role of Microbial Control 627 17.1.2 Conservation of Beneficial Organisms 628 17.2 The Future for Invasive and Native Invertebrate Pathogens 629 17.3 New Directions and Novel Tools for Studying Invertebrate Ecology 630 17.3.1 Molecular Tools 630 17.3.2 Chemical Ecology and Signaling 631 17.3.3 Exploring Other Novel Biotic Associations 632 17.3.4 Interdisciplinary Studies 633 References 634 Index 637

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Book SynopsisATLAS OF VETERINARY SURGICAL PATHOLOGY An indispensable next-to-the-microscope diagnostic resource for veterinary pathologists Atlas of Veterinary Surgical Pathology delivers a comprehensive exploration of the lesions and diseases most commonly encountered by veterinary practitioners in small animals and horses. The book includes coverage of diseases of the skin, eye, and musculoskeletal systems, and male and female reproductive tracts. It also offers descriptions of relevant microscopic features and color microphotographs of the included lesions. More than 500 images depict lesions. With fully detailed discussions of degenerative, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions, the book is an authoritative guide to quickly and accurately identifying common and uncommon lesions in small animals and horses. It also offers: A thorough introduction to the techniques relevant to surgical pathology, including specimen preparation and the interpretation of biopsy and the reporting of results ComprehTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xiv Acknowledgments xv 1 Pathology of the Eye and Periocular Tissues 1 Joseph S. Haynes Introduction 1 Prefixation Preparation 1 Fixation of Eyes for Histopathology 1 Sectioning 2 Processing and Staining 2 Ocular Structure and Development 2 Cornea 3 General Corneal Reactions to Injury 4 Developmental and Degenerative Corneal Disease 5 Corneal Dermoid 5 Corneal Erosions and Ulcers 5 Corneal Sequestration 7 Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy and Mineralization 8 Corneal Stromal Dystrophy and Mineralization 8 Inflammatory Disease of the Cornea 8 Keratitis 8 Keratitis sicca 9 Canine Pannus Keratitis (Chronic Superficial Keratitis) 10 Feline Herpetic Keratitis 10 Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis 10 Mycotic Keratitis 11 Equine Corneal Stromal Abscess 11 Uvea 11 General Uveal Reactions to Injury 12 Developmental and Degenerative Uveal Disease 13 Goniodysgenesis and Pectinate Ligament Dysplasia 14 Persistent Pupillary Membrane 14 Choroidal Hypoplasia 14 Hypertensive Vasculopathy 15 Inflammatory Disease of the Uvea and Ocular 15 Uveitis 15 Lymphoplasmacytic Anterior Uveitis 16 Phacoclastic Uveitis/Endophthalmitis 19 Phacolytic Uveitis 19 Equine Recurrent Uveitis 19 Uveitis Due to FIP Coronavirus 19 Canine Uveodermatologic Syndrome (VKH-­like Syndrome) 19 Pigmentary Uveitis 20 Endophthalmitis and Panophthalmitis 20 Bacterial Endophthalmitis 22 Ocular Blastomycosis 22 Ocular Cryptococcosis 22 Ocular Coccidioidomycosis 22 Ocular Histoplasmosis 24 Ocular Protothecosis 24 Lens 25 General Lens Reactions to Injury 25 Lens Luxation 25 Developmental and Degenerative Disease of the Lens 25 Microphakia and Aphakia 25 Persistent Pupillary Membrane, Persistent Primary (Hyperplastic) Vitreous, Persistent Posterior Tunica Vasculosa Lentis, and Persistent Hyaloid Artery 26 Cataract 27 Inflammatory Disease of the Lens 28 Phacitis 28 Retina 29 General Retinal Reactions to Injury 30 Developmental and Degenerative Retinal Disease 30 Retinal Dysplasia 30 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 30 Cystic Retinal Degeneration 31 Inherited Retinal Dysplasia and/or Degeneration (Progressive Retinal Atrophy) 31 Nutritionally Induced Retinopathy 32 Toxic Retinopathy 32 Ischemic and Infarctive Retinopathy 33 Glaucoma 33 Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome 34 Retinal Detachment 35 Inflammatory Disease of the Retina 36 Retinitis 36 Optic Nerve 36 Developmental and Degenerative Disease of the Optic Nerve 36 Hypoplasia of the Optic Nerve and/or Optic Chiasm 36 Axonal Degeneration and Atrophy of the Optic Nerve 36 Cavitation of Optic Disk 36 Canine Ocular Gliovascular Syndrome 37 Inflammatory Disease of the Optic Nerve 37 Optic Neuritis 37 Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis 38 Sclera 38 Developmental and Degenerative Scleral Disease 39 Scleral Ectasia 39 Inflammatory Disease of the Sclera 39 Lymphoplasmacytic Scleritis 39 Nodular Granulomatous Episcleritis and Necrotizing Scleritis 40 Eyelids, Conjunctiva and Retrobulbar Tissues 40 Developmental Disease of the Eyelids 40 Inflammatory Disease of the Eyelids 40 Granulomatous Blepharitis/Meibomian Adenitis 40 Marginal Nodular Blepharitis/Meibomian Adenitis 42 Inflammatory Disease of the Conjunctiva, Membrana Nictitans, and Retrobulbar Tissues 42 Conjunctivitis 42 Nodular Granulomatous Episcleritis/Conjunctivitis 42 Periocular/Retrobulbar Cellulitis/Abscess 42 Neoplasia of the Eye and Periocular Tissues 43 Neoplasia of the Cornea 43 Neoplasia of the Uvea 45 Intraocular Melanoma and Uveal Melanocytosis 45 Iridociliary Tumors 45 Anterior Uveal Sarcoma of Blue-­Eyed Dogs 46 Intraocular Osteosarcoma 46 Intraocular Adenocarcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Tumor) 48 Lymphoma 48 Neoplasia of the Lens 50 Trauma-­Induced Intraocular Sarcoma of Cats 50 Neoplasia of the Retina 50 Neoplasia of the Eyelids 50 Palpebral Melanocytoma and Malignant Melanoma 50 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 50 Squamous Papilloma 50 Meibomian Gland Tumors 52 Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva and Membrana Nictitans 52 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 52 Adenocarcinoma of Gland of Third Eyelid (Membrana Nictitans) 54 Epibulbar Melanoma 54 Neoplasia of Retrobulbar Tissues 54 Retrobulbar Meningioma 54 Retrobulbar Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor 55 Lymphoma 55 Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma of Lacrimal Gland or Zygomatic Salivary Gland 55 Canine Orbital Lobular Adenoma 57 References and Additional Readings 57 2 Pathology of the Bones and Joints 59 Joseph S. Haynes Introduction 59 Specimen Preparation, Fixation, and Demineralization 59 Bone Structure and Physiology 60 Development of Bone and Cartilage 61 Basic Reactions of Bone to Injury 62 Hypoplastic/Dysplastic Bone Growth 62 Loss of Bone 63 Excessive Production of Bone 63 Osteonecrosis 64 Inflammation of Bone 65 Neoplasia of Bone 68 Joint Structure and Physiology 68 Basic Reactions of Joints to Injury 68 Degenerative Changes in Articular Cartilage 69 Inflammation of Articular Cartilage and Chondronecrosis 70 Inflammation of the Synovial Membrane and Joint Capsule 71 Diseases of Bone 72 Developmental Disorders and Anomalies 72 Osteochondrosis 72 Physeal Dysplasia in Cats 73 Chondrodysplasia 73 Osteochondromatosis (Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses) 73 Hyperostotic Diseases of Bone 74 Hypertrophic (Pulmonary) Osteopathy 74 Canine Hepatozoonosis 74 Hyperostoses of Nutritional Origin 74 Hyperostoses of Unknown Cause 74 Inflammatory Diseases of Bone 75 Osteomyelitis Caused by Bacterial Infection 75 Osteomyelitis Caused by Fungal Infection 76 Canine Metaphyseal Osteopathy (Canine Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy) 76 Osteonecrosis and Bone Infarction 77 Necrosis of the Femoral Head and Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease 77 Bone Infarction 77 Neoplasia of Bone 78 Osteoma 78 Osteosarcoma 78 Chondroma 80 Chondrosarcoma 82 Multilobular Tumor of Bone 82 Osteochondroma 83 Giant Cell Tumor 83 Multiple Myeloma 83 Chordoma 84 Hemangiosarcoma 84 Ossifying Fibroma 84 Diseases of Joints 85 Osteochondrosis Dissecans 85 Infectious Arthritis due to Bacteria 86 Lyme Disease 86 Autoimmune and Immune-­Mediated Arthritis 86 Chronic Osteoarthritis 86 Neoplasms of Joints 87 References and Additional Readings 89 3 Pathology of the Skin 90 Joseph S. Haynes Introduction 90 Specimen Preparation and Fixation 90 Basic Reactions of Skin to Injury 90 Inflammation of the Skin: Dermatitis 90 Microscopic Patterns of Cutaneous Inflammation 91 Acute Dermatitis 91 Chronic Dermatitis 94 Abnormal Keratinization 95 Alopecia 96 Abnormal Pigmentation 96 ­Diseases of the Skin 96 Developmental Disorders and Anomalies of the Skin 96 Ichthyosis 96 Primary Seborrhea 96 Hyperplastic Dermatosis of the West Highland White Terriers 97 Zinc Responsive Dermatosis 97 Black-­Hair Follicular Dysplasia and Color Mutant Alopecia 98 Collagen Dysplasia 98 Degenerative, Atrophic, and Necrotizing Diseases of the Skin 99 Endocrine-­Related Disease 99 Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis 100 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 101 Cutaneous Infarction 101 Inflammatory Diseases of the Skin 101 Allergic Skin Diseases 101 Feline Miliary Dermatitis 103 Autoimmune Skin Diseases 107 Bacterial Skin Disease 111 Pyoderma 112 Nocardiosis and Actinomycosis 112 Fungal Skin Disease 112 Dermatophytosis 112 Additional Fungal Skin Disease 112 Parasitic Skin Disease 113 Demodectic Mange 113 Sarcoptic and Notoedric Mange (Scabies) 115 Cutaneous Habronemiasis 116 Miscellaneous Inflammatory Skin Diseases 116 Acral Lick Dermatitis 116 Chronic Otitis Externa 117 Pyogranulomatous Panniculitis 117 Sebaceous Adenitis 117 Neoplasms and Cystic Lesions of the Skin 117 Epithelial Neoplasms 117 Squamous Papilloma 117 Inverted Viral Squamous Papilloma 119 Cutaneous Horn 119 Canine and Feline Viral Plaque 119 Actinic Keratosis 119 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 120 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 121 Basosquamous Carcinoma 124 Infundibular Keratinizing Acanthoma (Intracutaneous Cornifying Epithelioma) 124 Subungual Keratoacanthoma 125 Trichoblastoma (Basal Cell Tumor) 125 Trichoblastoma 125 Trichoepithelioma 125 Pilomatricoma 129 Apocrine Gland Tumors 131 Anal Sac Apocrine Adenocarcinoma 132 Ceruminous Gland Tumors 133 Sebaceous Gland Tumors 133 Hepatoid/Perianal Gland Tumors 135 Eccrine Gland Tumors 135 Melanotic Tumors 137 Mesenchymal Neoplasms 138 Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas 138 Equine Sarcoid 140 Feline Sarcoid 141 Canine Keloidal Fibroma 141 Feline Giant Cell Sarcoma 141 Feline Vaccination Site Sarcoma 141 Cutaneous Hemangioma and Hemangiosarcoma 141 Round Cell Neoplasms and Reactive Proliferations 143 Cutaneous Lymphoma 143 Cutaneous Histiocytic Diseases 143 Canine Persistent and Recurrent Cutaneous Histiocytomas 144 Cutaneous Plasmacytoma 148 Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors 148 Canine Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors 151 Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors 151 Equine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors 151 ­Other Masses, Cysts, and Cyst-­like Structures 153 Follicular Cyst 153 Infundibular Cyst 153 Isthmus Cyst 154 Matrical Cyst 154 Hybrid Cyst 154 Dermoid Cyst 155 Apocrine Gland Cyst 155 Canine Apocrine Cystomatosis 156 Feline Ceruminous Cystomatosis 156 Calcinosis Circumscripta 156 Follicular Hamartoma 156 Fibroadnexal Hamartoma 156 Collagenous Hamartoma 158 Acrochordon (Skin Tag) 158 References and Additional Readings 159 4 Pathology of the Male Reproductive System 160 Michael J. Yaeger Prostate 160 Introduction 160 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 160 Prostatic Hypoplasia/Atrophy 160 Prostatic Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 160 Prostatic Cysts 162 Prostatic Squamous Metaplasia 162 Prostatic Inflammatory Diseases 162 Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 162 Prostatic Abscessation 163 Prostatic Neoplasia 163 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma 164 Prostatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma 164 Testes and Epididymis 164 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 166 Testicular Hypoplasia 166 Testicular Atrophy/Degeneration 166 Testicular and Epididymal Inflammatory Disease 166 Infectious Orchitis and Epididymitis 166 Spermatocele and Sperm Granulomas 167 Testicular Neoplasia 167 Sertoli Cell Tumors 169 Seminoma 169 Interstitial Cell (Leydig) Tumor 169 Biologic Behavior of Canine Testicular Tumors 171 Feline Testicular Tumors 171 Equine Testicular Tumors 171 Penis and Prepuce 171 Introduction 171 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 172 Inflammatory Diseases 172 Balanitis, Posthitis and Balanoposthitis 172 Neoplastic Diseases 172 Equine Penile Neoplasia 172 Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma 173 Equine Penile Sarcoid 173 Equine Penile Melanoma 173 Bovine Penile Fibropapilloma 174 Canine Penile Papilloma 174 Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor 174 References and Additional Readings 176 5 Pathology of the Female Reproductive System 178 Michael J. Yaeger Ovaries 178 Introduction 178 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 178 Ovarian Cysts 178 Ovarian Inflammation 179 Oophoritis and Salpingitis 179 Ovarian Neoplasia 179 Germ Cell Tumors/Dysgerminoma and Teratoma 180 Dysgerminoma 180 Teratoma 181 Sex Cord-­Stromal Tumors 181 Epithelial Tumors 182 Uterus and Vagina 183 Introduction 183 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 184 Endometrial Hyperplasia/Cysts 184 Serosal Inclusion Cysts 184 Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia 184 Pseudoplacentational Endometrial Hyperplasia 184 Adenomyosis 185 Subinvolution of Placental Sites 185 Uterine Inflammation 186 Endometritis, Metritis, Perimetritis, and Pyometra 186 Endometrial Biopsies 186 Uterine and Vaginal Neoplasia 189 Endometrial Polyps 189 Uterine Tumors 189 Vaginal and Vulvar Tumors 190 Mammary Gland 191 Introduction 191 Developmental and Degenerative Diseases 191 Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia 191 Mammary Duct Ectasia and Hyperplasia 191 Inflammatory Disease 192 Mastitis 192 Mammary Neoplasia 192 Rat Mammary Neoplasia 192 Fibroadenoma 192 Canine Mammary Neoplasia 193 Mammary Adenoma and Complex Mammary Adenoma (Mixed Tumor) 193 Malignant Mammary Neoplasia 194 Mammary Adenocarcinoma, Sarcoma, and Carcinosarcoma 194 Feline Mammary Neoplasia 196 Feline Mammary Carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma 197 References and Additional Readings 197 Index 199

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Book SynopsisVeterinary Guide to Animal Breeds offers a comprehensive reference for accurately recognizing small animal, exotic, and large animal breeds, with color photographs to aid in identification and important information for delivering veterinary care.Trade Review"As a new educator in the field of veterinary medicine with no formal training in veterinary sciences, I found the guide very useful for identifying the common breeds and species my students work (or will work) with when they leave veterinary school. The book is concise and easy to read. The references and further reading sections at the end of each chapter make it convenient to pursue a more in-depth understanding" Doody's, October 2017 �The text was written for readers with minimal biology background. The images are clear and of good quality. The accompanying website hosts a series of teaching presentations, test questions, and breed identification worksheets to help students memorize facts�.This book will be best used as a resource in animal science classrooms or for veterinary assistants in the early stages of their careers, who want a quick reference before speaking with clients about their pets.� JAVMA, January 2018Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 Dog Breed Identification 1 Objectives 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Characteristics of Dogs 1 1.3 Classes of Breeds 1 1.4 Summary 4 2 Cat Breed Identification 5 Objectives 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Characteristics of Cats 5 2.3 Classes of Breeds 5 2.4 Summary 8 3 Rabbit Breed Identification 9 Objectives 9 3.1 Introduction 9 3.2 Characteristics of Rabbits 9 3.3 Types of Rabbits 9 3.4 Summary 11 4 Guinea Pig Breed Identification 13 Objectives 13 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 Characteristics of Guinea Pigs 13 4.3 Types of Guinea Pigs 13 4.4 Summary 14 5 Pocket Pet Breed Identification 15 Objectives 15 5.1 Introduction 15 5.2 Characteristics of Mice 15 5.3 Characteristics of Rats 15 5.4 Characteristics of Hamsters 16 5.5 Characteristics of Chinchillas 17 5.6 Characteristics of Hedgehogs 17 5.7 Characteristics of Gerbils 17 5.8 Characteristics of Ferrets 18 5.9 Summary 18 6 Avian Breed Identification 21 Objectives 21 6.1 Introduction 21 6.2 Characteristics of Companion Birds 21 6.3 Orders of Companion Birds 22 6.4 Summary 24 7 Reptile Species Identification 25 Objectives 25 7.1 Introduction 25 7.2 Characteristics of Reptiles 25 7.3 Types of Reptiles 26 7.4 Summary 27 8 Amphibian Species Identification 29 Objectives 29 8.1 Introduction 29 8.2 Characteristics of Amphibians 29 8.3 Types of Amphibians 29 8.4 Summary 31 9 Cattle Breed Identification 33 Objectives 33 9.1 Introduction 33 9.2 Characteristics of Cattle 33 9.3 Types of Cattle 34 9.4 Summary 35 10 Equine Breed Identification 37 Objectives 37 10.1 Introduction 37 10.2 Characteristics of Equines 37 10.3 Types of Equines 38 10.4 Summary 40 11 Swine Breed Identification 41 Objectives 41 11.1 Introduction 41 11.2 Characteristics of Swine 41 11.3 Types of Swine 41 11.4 Breeds of Swine 42 11.5 Summary 45 12 Sheep Breed Identification 47 Objectives 47 12.1 Introduction 47 12.2 Characteristics of Sheep 47 12.3 Classes of Sheep 47 12.4 Breeds of Sheep 49 12.5 Summary 52 13 Goat Breed Identification 53 Objectives 53 13.1 Introduction 53 13.2 Characteristics of Goats 53 13.3 Classes of Goats 53 13.4 Breeds of Goats 54 13.5 Summary 56 14 Poultry Breed Identification 57 Objectives 57 14.1 Introduction 57 14.2 Characteristics of Poultry 57 14.3 Classes of Poultry 57 14.4 Breeds of Poultry 60 14.5 Summary 67 15 Alternative Production Animal Breed Identification 69 Objectives 69 15.1 Introduction 69 15.2 Alternative Animal Production Systems 69 15.3 Common Alternative Production Animal Species 69 15.4 Summary 76 Appendix 77 Index

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Book SynopsisGastrointestinal Surgical Techniques in Small Animals offers a highly detailed reference to surgical procedures in the gastrointestinal tract in dogs and cats. Each chapter describes the surgical techniques in depth, featuring high-quality illustrations depicting each step, and discusses tips and tricks for a successful surgery and potential complications. A companion website offers video clips demonstrating the procedures. Logically divided into sections by anatomy, each chapter covers indications, contraindications, and decision making for a specific surgery. Tips and tricks and potential complications are also covered. Describes techniques for canine and feline gastrointestinal surgery in detailPresents the state of the art for GI surgery in dogs and catsIncludes access to a companion website with video clips demonstrating techniques Gastrointestinal Surgical Techniques in Small Animals is an essential resource for small animal surgeons and veterinary residents.Trade Review“Gastrointestinal Surgical Techniques in Small Animals is a new textbook that is intended to be a current and comprehensive reference for veterinary practitioners, surgery residents, and surgeons. The authors provide descriptions and illustrations of current surgical techniques for the entire gastrointestinal system with a strong emphasis on their preferred methods…. it is nice to have a single volume dedicated to gastrointestinal surgery.” - JAVMA | DEC 15, 2020 | VOL 257 | NO. 12Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xi About the Companion Website xiii Section I General Concepts 1 1 Gastrointestinal Healing 3Eric Monnet and Daniel D. Smeak 2 Suture Materials, Staplers, and Tissue Apposition Devices 9Daniel D. Smeak 3 Suture Patterns for Gastrointestinal Surgery 23Daniel D. Smeak 4 Feeding Tubes 29Eric Monnet 5 Drainage Techniques for the Peritoneal Space 43Eric Monnet Section II Oral Cavity 49 6 Maxillectomy and Mandibulectomy 51Bernard Séguin 7 Glossectomy 65Eric Monnet and Bernard Séguin 8 Tonsillectomy 69Eric Monnet and Bernard Séguin 9 Palatal and Oronasal Defects 71Chad Lothamer and Jennifer Rawlinson 10 Salivary Gland Surgery 85Daniel D. Smeak Section III Esophagus 95 11 Esophagotomy 97Eric Monnet 12 Esophagectomy and Reconstruction 105Eric Monnet 13 Cricopharyngeal Myotomy and Heller Myotomy 111Eric Monnet 14 Vascular Ring Anomaly 117Eric Monnet 15 Hiatal Hernia 123Eric Monnet Section IV Stomach 129 16 Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach 131Eric Monnet 17 Gastrotomy 135Eric Monnet 18 Gastrectomy 137Eric Monnet 19 Billroth I 143Eric Monnet 20 Billroth II 147Eric Monnet 21 Pyloroplasty 155Eric Monnet 22 Roux-en-Y 159Eric Monnet 23 Gastropexy 165Daniel D. Smeak Section V Intestine 179 24 Enterotomy 181Daniel D. Smeak 25 Enterectomy 187Daniel D. Smeak and Eric Monnet 26 Enteroplication/Enteropexy for Prevention of Intussusception 203Daniel D. Smeak Section VI Colon 207 27 Colectomy and Subtotal Colectomy 209Daniel D. Smeak and Eric Monnet 28 Colotomy 219Daniel D. Smeak 29 Typhlectomy and Ileocecocolic Resection 221Daniel D. Smeak 30 Colostomy and Jejunostomy 225Daniel D. Smeak 31 Colopexy 231Daniel D. Smeak Section VII Rectum and Anal Sac 235 32 Approaches to the Rectum and Pelvic Canal 237Daniel D. Smeak 33 Surgery of the Rectum 245Daniel D. Smeak 34 Anal Sac Resection 257Daniel D. Smeak Section VIII Liver and Gall Bladder 263 35 Liver Lobectomy 265Eric Monnet 36 Surgery of the Gallbladder 273Eric Monnet 37 Biliary Diversion 279Eric Monnet 38 Surgery of the Bile Duct 287Eric Monnet 39 Biliary Stenting 293Eric Monnet 40 Arterio-Venous Fistula 297Eric Monnet 41 Portosystemic Shunt 301Eric Monnet Section IX Pancreas 317 42 Surgery of the Pancreas 319Daniel D. Smeak and Eric Monnet Index 325

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Book SynopsisDelivers the foundational and practical knowledge required for pharmacists to become an integral part of the veterinary health care team, improving therapeutic outcome while preventing serious adverse drug reactions in veterinary patients Pharmacotherapeutics for Veterinary Dispensing enables pharmacists and pharmacy students to expand the breadth of their pharmacological knowledge to include common veterinary species. The book offers a practical yet complete resource for dispensing drugs for canine and feline patients, with additional chapters on horses, birds, reptiles, small mammals, and food animals. Edited by a globally recognized expert in veterinary pharmacology, and including chapters written by veterinarians with expertise in pharmacotherapy and pharmacists with expertise in veterinary medicine, this book is designed to help pharmacists enhance the quality of veterinary patient care. This book is the first to combine the expertise of both veterinarians and pharmacists to enTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii 1 Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacy 1Gigi Davidson 2 Regulation of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals 25Eden Bermingham 3 Compounding for Animals 43Gigi Davidson 4 Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 75Katrina L. Mealey and Margo J. Karriker 5 Breed Differences and Pharmacogenetics 95Katrina L. Mealey 6 Human Over‐the‐Counter (OTC) Products: Precautions for Veterinary Patients 109Patricia A. Talcott and Katrina L. Mealey 7 Pharmacotherapy of Parasitic Disease 127Cory Langston and Andrea S. Varela‐Stokes 8 Pain Management in Veterinary Species 173Butch Kukanich 9 Pharmacotherapeutics of Infectious Disease 189Mark G. Papich 10 Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics 231Sunshine M. Lahmers 11 Respiratory Pharmacotherapeutics 269Katrina L. Mealey 12 Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Pharmacotherapeutics 281Michael D. Willard 13 Pharmacotherapy of Renal and Lower Urinary Tract Disease 297Joe Bartges 14 Pharmacotherapeutics of Immune‐Mediated Disease 339Katrina R. Viviano 15 Endocrine Pharmacotherapeutics 361Katrina L. Mealey 16 Behavioral Pharmacotherapeutics 377Karen L. Overall 17 Pharmacotherapeutics of Neurological Disorders 403Annie Chen‐Allen 18 Dermatologic Pharmacotherapeutics 417Alice M. Jeromin 19 Ophthalmic Pharmacotherapeutics 439Terri L. Alessio and Katrina L. Mealey 20 Pharmacotherapeutics of Cancer 453Katrina R. Viviano 21 Introduction to Equine Pharmacotherapy 471Jennifer L. Davis 22 Introduction to Food Animal Pharmacotherapy 501Virginia R. Fajt 23 Pharmacotherapeutics for Nontraditional Pets 519Valerie Wiebe and Lauren Eichstadt Forsythe 24 Special Considerations for Service, Working, and Performance Animals 543Katrina L. Mealey 25 Counseling for Owners of Veterinary Patients 549Katrina L. Mealey Appendix A Veterinary Teaching Hospital Pharmacy Contact Information 565Katrina L. Mealey Appendix B Directional Anatomical Terminology of Bipeds Quadrupeds 567Katrina L. Mealey Appendix C Vital signs and potential monitoring parameters for dogs, cats, horses, and ferrets 569Katrina L. Mealey Appendix D Auxiliary Labels Cross‐referenced by Drug 571Gigi Davidson Appendix E FDA Adverse Event Reporting Form 579Gigi Davidson Appendix F Veterinary Pharmacogenetics Testing Laboratories with Counseling Expertise 585Katrina L. Mealey Appendix G Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Laboratories 587Katrina L. Mealey Appendix H Canine and Feline Body Surface Area Conversion Tables 589Stephen W. Mealey Appendix I Zoonotic Diseases of Dogs, Cats, and Horses 591Katrina L. Mealey Index 593

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Book SynopsisThis new approach to insect modeling discusses population dynamics' regularities, control theory, theory of transitions, and describes methods of population dynamics and outbreaks modeling for forest phyllophagous insects and their effects on global climate change. Research in insect population dynamics is important for more reasons than just protecting forest communities. Insect populations are among the main ecological units included in the analysis of stability of ecological systems. Moreover, it is convenient to test new methods of analyzing population and community stability on the insect-related data, as by now ecologists and entomologists have accumulated large amounts of such data. In this book, the authors analyze population dynamics of quite a narrow group of insects forest defoliators. It is hoped that the methods proposed herein for the analysis of population dynamics of these species may be useful and effective for analyzing population dynamics of other animal species Table of ContentsAuthors ix Introduction xi 1 Population Dynamics of Forest Insects: Outbreaks in Forest Ecosystems 1 1.1 Approaches to modeling population dynamics of forest insects 1 1.2 The role of insects in the forest ecosystem 4 1.3 The phenomenological theory of forest insect population dynamics: the principle of stability of flexible ecologicalsystems 10 1.4 Classification of the factors of forest insect population dynamics 12 1.5 Delayed and direct regulation mechanisms 14 2 Ways of Presenting Data on Forest Insect Population Dynamics 17 2.1 Representation of population dynamics data 17 2.2 Presenting the data on forest insect population dynamics through changes in density over time 18 2.3 Presenting the data on populatiozn dynamics as a phase portrait 24 2.4 The probability of the population leaving the stability zone and reaching an outbreak density: a model of a one-dimensional potential well 40 2.5 Presenting the data on forest insect population dynamics as a potential function 47 3 The Effects of Weather Factors on Population Dynamics of Forest Defoliating Insects 53 3.1 The necessary and sufficient weather conditions for the development of outbreaks of defoliating insects in Siberia 53 3.2 Weather influence on the development of the pine looper Bupalus piniarius L. outbreaks 55 3.3 Siberian silk moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. population dynamics as related to weather conditions 61 3.4 Synchronization of weather conditions on vast areas as a factor of the occurrence of pan-regional outbreaks 64 4 Spatial and Temporal Coherence of Forest Insect Population Dynamics 79 4.1 Coherence and synchronicity of population dynamics 79 4.2 Spatiotemporal coherence of the population dynamics of defoliating insects in pine forests of Middle Siberia 83 4.3 Spatiotemporal coherence of population dynamics of defoliating insects in the Alps 90 4.4 Global coherence of pine looper population dynamics in Eurasia 94 4.5 Synchronization of the time series of gypsy moth population dynamics in the South Urals 96 5 Interactions Between Phytophagous Insects and Their Natural Enemies and Population Dynamics of Phytophagous Insects During Outbreaks 101 5.1 Entomophagous organisms as a regulating factor in forest insect population dynamics 101 5.2 A “phytophagous – entomophagous insect” model 106 6 Food Consumption by Forest Insects 113 6.1 Energy balance of food consumption by insects: an optimization model 113 6.2 A population-energy model of insect outbreaks 127 7 AR- and ADL-Models of Forest Insect Population Dynamics 139 7.1 An ADL-model (autoregressive distributed lag) of insect population dynamics 139 7.2 A model of population dynamics of the gypsy moth in the South Urals 145 7.3 Modeling population dynamics of the larch bud moth in the Alps 155 7.4 Simulation models of population dynamics of defoliating insects in the Krasnoturansk pine forest 165 7.5 Modeling and predicting population dynamics of the European oak leaf-roller 172 7.6 Gain margin of the AR-models of forest insect population dynamics 176 8 Modeling of Population Dynamics and Outbreaks of Forest Insects as Phase Transitions 183 8.1 Models of phase transitions for describing critical events in complex systems 183 8.2 Population buildup and development of an outbreak of forest insects as a first-order phase transition 185 8.3 Possible mechanisms of the development of forest insect outbreaks 192 8.4 Colonization of the tree stands by forest insects as a second-order phase transition 194 8.5 Risks of elimination of the population from the community 201 9 Forecasting Population Dynamics and Assessing the Risk of Damage to Tree Stands Caused by Outbreaks of Forest Defoliating Insects 207 9.1 Methods of forecasting forest insect population dynamics 207 9.2 Long-term forecast of population dynamics of defoliating insects 217 9.3 Assessment of the maximum risk of damage to tree stands caused by insects 223 9.4 Modeling and forecasting of eastern spruce budworm population dynamics 225 10 Global Warming and Risks of Forest Insect Outbreaks 233 10.1 Climate change and forest insect outbreaks in the Siberian taiga 233 10.2 Stress testing of insect impact on forest ecosystems under different scenarios of climate changes in the Siberian taiga 236 10.3 Risks of outbreaks of forest insect species with the stable type of population dynamics 244 Conclusion 251 References 255 Index 285

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Book SynopsisPathology of Pet and Aviary Birds A complete reference for veterinary pathologists, residents, and students interested in avian diseases The revised third edition of Pathology of Pet and Aviary Birds delivers a comprehensive reference to gross and microscopic lesions found in birds, as well as the implications of these diseases. This third edition includes improved coverage of normal anatomy and of advanced diagnostic techniques, including special stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and molecular diagnostics. The authors offer an extensive collection of more than 1200 high-quality, full-color images. New chapters cover the postmortem examination; gross and microscopic anatomy; advanced diagnostics; and cytology. Specific chapters address diseases of passerines, Columbidae, and raptors, and other chapters are intuitively organized by body system. The book also provides: A thorough introduction to the preparation and interpretation of cytological samples Comprehensive t

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Book SynopsisVeterinary Medical Education Practical yet complete reference to all aspects of veterinary medical education?? Veterinary Medical Education: A Practical Guide, Second Edition offers a comprehensive reference to all aspects of veterinary medical education, providing concrete guidance for instructors in a variety of settings. The book gives real-world, practical, veterinary-specific advice on all aspects of designing and implementing a veterinary curriculum. This Second Edition includes new and expanded information on widening access on admissions, competency-based veterinary education, academic advising and student support, eLearning, transition to practice and career opportunities, educational leadership and global veterinary education. This revised edition has been significantly enhanced and updated, featuring twelve new chapters and many expanded chapters. It includes diagrams, figures, and informational boxes that highlight key points, clarify concepts, provide helpful tips and evidence from the literature, and examples of educational innovations that could be adopted in veterinary programs. Veterinary Medical Education covers: Student selection, including widening accessCurricular innovations and competency-based veterinary educationLearning theories, eLearning, and their application in the classroomTeaching in clinical and non-clinical settings and creating safe, inclusive learning environmentsProgrammatic and technology-enhanced assessment, academic advising and study skills, coaching, and mentoringProfessionalism and professional identity, cultural humility, and transition to practiceProgram evaluation, educational leadership, and global trends With comprehensive coverage of the field and a wealth of new and updated information, the Second Edition of Veterinary Medical Education is an indispensable resource for anyone involved with veterinary education, including instructors and faculty at veterinary colleges, continuing education instructors, veterinary technology instructors, and veterinarians training in internships and residencies.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xvii Icons xix Part 1 Student Selection 1 1 Student Selection 3 Jacquelyn M. Pelzer, James L. Weisman, and Eloise K.P. Jillings 2 Widening Access to Veterinary Education Through Student Selection 13 Eloise K.P. Jillings and Hilda Mejia Abreu Part 2 The Curriculum 19 3 Curricular Design and Development 21 Jennifer L. Hodgson 4 Competency-based Veterinary Education 37 Kristin P. Chaney, Jared A. Danielson, and Jennifer L. Hodgson 5 Competency Frameworks and Milestones 47 Kristin P. Chaney and Emma K. Read 6 Entrustable Professional Activities 55 S. Kathleen Salisbury and Susan M. Matthew 7 Curriculum Mapping 67 Karen Dyer Inzana 8 Educational Leadership and Change Management 91 India Lane Part 3 Learning Strategies 105 9 Learning Concepts and Theories, and Their Application to Educational Practice 107 Stephen A. May and Liz Armitage-Chan 10 Integrated Learning 121 Sunshine M. Lahmers 11 Collaborative Learning 133 Elizabeth Tudor, Laura Dooley, and Rachael-Kate Llewellyn Part 4 Learning and Teaching Opportunities 153 12 Teaching for Active Learning in Small and Large Groups 155 Kathryn Mills, Susan M. Matthew, Jan Šlapeta, Mark B. Krockenberger, and Jacqueline M. Norris 13 Teaching in the Digital Age 173 Jodi A. Korich and Lisa M. Keefe 14 Teaching and Learning in Clinical Skills Laboratories 189 Sarah Baillie, Marc Dilly, and Rebecca Parkes 15 Learning in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital 199 Laura L. Nelson 16 Learning and Teaching in Real-world Settings 209 Philippa Gibbons and Tim J. Parkinson 17 Peer-assisted Learning 227 Laura K. Molgaard and Emma K. Read Part 5 Assessing the Student 241 18 Concepts in Assessment 243 Jared A. Danielson and Kent Hecker 19 Assessment Methods 257 Jared A. Danielson, Kent Hecker, Matthew Pead, and Kirsty Fox 20 Constructive Alignment and Programmatic Assessment 279 Kent Hecker, Jared A. Danielson, Cees van der Vleuten, and Harold G.J. Bok 21 Technology-enhanced Assessment 293 Shane M. Ryan 22 Coaching and Feedback: Creating the Master Adaptive Learner 305 Karen K. Cornell and S. Kathleen Salisbury 23 Academic Standards and Progression 317 Kristin P. Chaney and Virginia R. Fajt Part 6 Assessing the Program 327 24 Assessing Individual Teaching Effectiveness and Portfolios of Evidence 329 Susan M. Rhind, Catriona E. Bell, and Stephen A. Hines 25 Program Evaluation 343 Courtney Vengrin, Kent Hecker, and Jared A. Danielson 26 Benchmarking for Improvement 353 Rosanne M. Taylor and Paul C. Mills 27 Accreditation 363 Karen Martens Brandt and Paula Parker Part 7 Teaching and Assessing Professional Competencies 375 28 Teaching and Learning Clinical Communication: An Action Plan 377 Cindy L. Adams and Suzanne M. Kurtz 29 Clinical Reasoning Skills 399 Jill Maddison 30 Professionalism and Professional Identity 411 Liz Mossop, India Lane, and Liz Armitage-Chan 31 Working in Professional Teams 429 Tierney Kinnison, David Guile, and Stephen A. May 32 Interprofessionalism 439 John H. Tegzes and Esther de Groot 33 Lifelong Learning and Reflective Practice 455 Nicole J.J.M. Mastenbroek, Sheena M. Warman, and Esther de Groot 34 Animal Welfare and Ethics 469 Joy M. Verrinder and Clive J.C. Phillips 35 Teaching Patient Safety Culture 487 Lydia Love and Erik H. Hofmeister 36 Cultural Humility 499 Lisa M. Greenhill, Kauline Cipriani, William Gilles, and Kimathi Choma 37 Business and Practice Management Skills 509 Joey Burt 38 Career Development: Pre- and Postgraduation 521 Valerie Ragan and Cassidy Rist 39 Employability and Successful Transition to Practice 533 Martin Cake and Melinda Bell Part 8 The Educational Environment 549 40 Creating a Safe and Inclusive Learning Environment 551 Bobbi Conner 41 The Hidden Curriculum 557 Liz Mossop 42 Student Support and Wellness 569 McArthur Hafen, Jr., Adryanna Drake, and Bonnie R. Rush 43 Academic Advising and Strategies for Student Academic Success 585 Peggy L. Schmidt, Kimberly Jones, and Lynn M. Maki 44 Students with Disabilities in Veterinary Education 597 Joseph Taboada and Stephanie Johnson 45 Learning to Teach 609 Ayona Silva-Fletcher 46 Practical Educational Research 623 Jesse Watson Part 9 Global Veterinary Education and Future Directions 637 47 Trends in Global Veterinary Medical Education 639 Andrew Maccabe and Caroline Cantner 48 Veterinary Medical Education: Envisioning the Future 647 M. Daniel Givens Index 659

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Book SynopsisIntegrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice Enables the entire veterinary team to seamlessly incorporate integrative medicine into everyday practice Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice is a unique resource designed to introduce the basic concepts of ten different integrative modalities to all members of the hospital team to establish a baseline of knowledge: explaining how patients will benefit from their use, discussing return on investment, informing veterinarians of available courses and suggested reading materials, walking managers through staff training, and providing client education materials. Supplemental web-based documents and presentations increase the ease with which staff are trained and clients are educated. Integrative medicine is not an all-or-nothing concept. This umbrella term encompasses a wide spectrum of treatment modalities. Therapies can be used individually or in combination, as part of a multimodal approach, and applied easily to every patient or used in select cases. Sample topics covered in Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice include: Photobiomodulation, covering light, laser specifics, mechanisms of action, supplies and equipment, and techniquesVeterinary Spinal Manipulation Therapy (VSMT), covering pain in veterinary patients, mechanisms of action, adjustment vs. manipulation vs. mobilization, techniques, and post-adjustment recommendations Acupuncture, covering acupuncture point selection using traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) and Western medicine techniques, mechanisms of action, safety, and practical applications. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), covering TCVM fundamentals as it applies to herbal classification and selection, herb production, safety, and formulation, and CHM applications. Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice is a valuable resource for all veterinary hospital team members, from customer service representatives to veterinary assistants/technicians, practice managers, and veterinarians. The text is also helpful to veterinary students interested in integrative medicine, or those taking introductory integrative medicine courses.

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Book SynopsisCANINE AND FELINE LIVER CYTOLOGY Specialist reference with practical guidance on liver pathology in a clinical and anatomical context Canine and Feline Liver Cytology is a practical and highly illustrated manual with detailed descriptions of cytological features of hepatic diseases and numerous high-quality illustrations to aid in reader comprehension. The primary aim of the text is to describe the correlation of cytological findings with pathological processes in order to provide useful information to clinicians in management of hepatic diseases. Canine and Feline Liver Cytology includes information on: General bases for interpretation of hepatic cytology, covering limits of cytology, value of cytology for a definitive diagnosis, and relationship with clinical dataA specific reversible injury to hepatocytes, covering hepatocellular swelling, steroid induced hepatopathy, hepatocellular steatosis, and feathery degenerationIrreversible injury to hepatocytes, covering necrosis and apoptoTable of ContentsAbout the Author ix Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Before the Analysis: Rules for Interpretation of Hepatic Cytology 1 1.1 The Rules for Cytological Diagnosis of Hepatic Diseases 2 1.1.1 Rule 1 2 1.1.2 Rule 2 2 1.1.3 Rule 3 2 1.1.4 Rule 4 3 1.1.5 Rule 5 3 1.1.6 Rule 6 3 1.1.7 Rule 7 4 1.1.8 Rule 8 4 1.2 Diagnostic Approach to Liver Disease 4 1.2.1 Clinical and Anamnestic Signs 5 1.2.2 Hematochemical Investigation 5 1.2.2.1 Pathological Bases of Liver Damage 5 1.2.2.2 Diagnosis of Liver Damage 8 1.2.2.3 Useful Enzymes for Recognition of Damage to Hepatocytes and Cholangiocytes 9 1.2.2.4 Liver Failure Diagnosis 11 1.2.2.5 Parameters of Liver Failure 12 1.2.3 Ultrasonographic Investigation 14 1.2.4 Cytological and Histopathological Investigation 15 1.2.4.1 Sample Collection 15 1.2.4.2 Cytological Approach to Hepatic Diseases 16 1.3 Key Points 16 References 17 2 Normal Histology and Cytology of the Liver 19 2.1 Normal Histology of the Liver 19 2.2 Normal Cytology of the Liver 27 2.2.1 Hepatocytes 28 2.2.2 Kupffer Cells 30 2.2.3 Stellate Cells (Ito Cells) 31 2.2.4 Cholangiocytes (Biliary Cells) 32 2.2.5 Hepatic Lymphocytes 33 2.2.6 Hepatic Mast Cells 34 2.2.7 Hematopoietic Cells 34 2.2.8 Mesothelial Cells 36 2.3 Key Points 38 References 39 3 Nonspecific and Reversible Hepatocellular Damage 41 3.1 Accumulation of Water 42 3.2 Accumulation of Glycogen 43 3.3 Accumulation of Lipids 46 3.4 Accumulation of Bilirubin and Bile Salts 57 3.5 Hyperplasia of Stellate Cells 57 3.6 Regenerative Changes 59 3.7 Key Points 64 References 64 4 Intracytoplasmic and Extracytoplasmic Pathological Accumulation 67 4.1 Pathological Intracytoplasmic Accumulation 67 4.1.1 Lipofuscin 67 4.1.2 Copper 73 4.1.3 Iron and Hemosiderin 76 4.1.4 Protein Droplets 82 4.1.5 Cytoplasmic Granular Eosinophilic Material 82 4.1.6 Hepatic Lysosomal Storage Disorders 85 4.2 Pathological Extracytoplasmic Accumulation 86 4.2.1 Bile 86 4.2.2 Amyloid 90 4.3 Key Points 96 References 96 5 Irreversible Hepatocellular Damage 101 5.1 Necrosis 101 5.2 Apoptosis 107 5.3 Key Points 110 References 110 6 Inflammation 113 6.1 Presence of Neutrophilic Granulocytes 115 6.2 Presence of Eosinophilic Granulocytes 123 6.3 Presence of Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells 125 6.4 Presence of Macrophages 130 6.5 Presence of Mast Cells 137 6.6 Key Points 139 References 139 7 Nuclear Inclusions 143 7.1 “Brick” Inclusions 143 7.2 Glycogen Pseudo-inclusions 144 7.3 Lead Inclusions 146 7.4 Viral Inclusions 146 7.5 Key Points 147 References 147 8 Cytological Features of Liver Fibrosis 149 8.1 Cytological Features of Liver Fibrosis 150 8.2 Key Points 159 References 160 9 Cytological Features of Biliary Diseases 163 9.1 General Features of Biliary Diseases 165 9.2 Cytological Features of Specific Biliary Diseases 167 9.2.1 Acute and Chronic Cholestasis 167 9.2.2 Acute Cholangitis 170 9.2.3 Chronic Cholangitis 170 9.2.4 Lymphocytic Cholangitis 170 9.3 Key Points 175 References 175 10 Bile and Gallbladder Diseases 177 10.1 Bactibilia and Septic Cholecystitis 179 10.2 Epithelial Hyperplasia 181 10.3 Gallbladder Mucocele 181 10.4 Limy Bile Syndrome 183 10.5 Biliary Sludge 183 10.6 Neoplastic Diseases of Gallbladder 183 10.7 Other Gallbladder Diseases 184 10.8 Key Points 184 References 184 11 Etiological Agents 187 11.1 Viruses 188 11.2 Bacteria 189 11.3 Protozoa 193 11.4 Fungi 194 11.5 Parasites 194 11.6 Key Points 197 References 197 12 Neoplastic Lesions of the Hepatic Parenchyma 199 12.1 Epithelial Neoplasia 200 12.1.1 Nodular Hyperplasia 200 12.1.2 Hepatocellular Adenoma 204 12.1.3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 206 12.1.4 Cholangioma 215 12.1.5 Cholangiocellular Carcinoma 217 12.1.6 Other Nodular Lesions of Biliary Origin 222 12.1.7 Hepatic Carcinoid 223 12.1.8 Hepatoblastoma 227 12.2 Mesenchymal Neoplasia 227 12.2.1 Malignant Mesenchymal Neoplasms 227 12.3 Hematopoietic Neoplasia 229 12.3.1 Myelolipoma 231 12.3.2 Large Cell Hepatic Lymphoma 232 12.3.3 Small Cell Lymphoma 234 12.3.4 Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) Lymphoma 236 12.3.5 Epitheliotropic Lymphoma 239 12.3.6 Other Types of Hepatic Lymphoma 240 12.3.7 Malignant Histiocytic Neoplasms 242 12.3.8 Mast Cell Tumor 245 12.3.9 Hepatic Splenosis 247 12.4 Metastatic Neoplasia 247 12.5 Criteria for Selection of Sampling Methods for Liver Nodular Lesions 248 12.6 Key Points 250 References 250 Index 255

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Book SynopsisIn National Geographic's comprehensive and easy-to-use illustrated pet reference, a renowned veterinarian offers expert advice on common health, behavior, and training for dogs, cats, and other domestic pets. ?Combining first aid, medical reference, and tips and tricks of the trade, here is your go-to guide for at-home animal care, focusing on dogs, cats, rabbits, birds, and more! Building on more than two decades of veterinary experience, Dr. Gary Weitzman covers topics including upset stomachs, house training, physical ailments, and behavior tips. The president and CEO of the San Diego Humane Society and former co-host of the weekly NPR show  The Animal House, Dr. Gary brings a wealth of experience to essential veterinary questions, revealing basic first-aid techniques, when a trip to the vet is necessary, dietary recommendations, simple training techniques, necessary supplies, essential behavior cues, and muTrade Review“Fun tips and tricks on helping pet parents bring their furry friends along for a summer vacation.” –Health Magazine "I recommend this book very highly for a first time pet owner, for anyone adopting a new pet, or for a pet owner who wants to learn more about day to day behavior training and first aid. It would also be a thoughtful gift for anyone who loves cats or dogs!" –View from the Birdhouse “If you have a companion animal in your life or, even if you are considering bringing one into your life this would be a great resource for you to have.” –Ms. Nose in a Book “This book is a wonderful reference to have on hand when you have a concern…My favorite aspects of the book are the tips about when to take your pet to the vet…I’m grateful to have some advice on where to draw the line.” –Jennifer – Tar Heel Reader “If you read this book from cover to cover, you’re going to learn everything you need to know about becoming a responsible pet owner…Best of all, Weitzman infuses each page with warmth and wit as he addresses our most pressing (and perplexing) questions. It’s kind of like having a house call from the family vet…Think of it as What to Expect When You’re Expecting for the pet parent set. There are so many things that we should ask, but don’t, and Weitzman does a stellar job of addressing those questions before they become a serious issue.” –Jathan and Heather “The guide, like anything you’d expect National Geographic to put out, is beautifully illustrated. Learn how to keep pets safe, what kind of vet care they need, and how to make sure your furry family member is living his or her best life.” –Wining Wife “It is brilliant and I think it deserves a place on the bookshelf of every pet owner.” –Diary of a Stay at Home Mom “This is a great book for us with fur babies!” –Instagram: @shereadswithcats

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction/Foreword SECTION 1: ADVANCES IN AVIAN MEDICINE 1. Avian Medicine: An Overview A: A Historical View of Avian Medicine B: Specializing in Avian Medicine and its Practice C: Critical Thinking and Practical Application of Evidence-Based Medicine in Avian Practice 2. Infectious Disease A: The Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases B: Avian Bornavirus and PDD C: Psittacid Herpesviruses and Associated Diseases D: Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease E: Avian Influenza F: Aspergillosis G: Coccidial Diseases H: Macrorhabdosis I: Chlamydiosis J: Mycobacteriosis K: Usutu Virus 3. Neoplastic Diseases in Avian Species 4. Advancements in Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy A: Foundations in Avian Nutrition B: Advancements in Nutrition of Loridae C: Nutriceuticals 5. Behavioral Medicine 6. The Cardiovascular System 7. Advancements in Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Colon and Cloaca 8. Pleura, Pericardium and Peritoneum: The Coelomic Cavities of Birds and There Relationship to the Lung-Air Sac System 9. The Nervous System 10. The Endocrine System A: Anatomy and Physiology of the Protein Hormones and the Glands that Produce Them B: Endocrinology of the Protein Hormones in Avian Species: Diseases C: Diagnosis and Treatment of Avian Endocrine Diseases 11. The Immune System 12. Reproduction A: Advancements in Methods for Improving Reproductive Success B: Advancements in Methods for Decreasing Reproductive Success 13. Advances in Clinical Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine A: Foundations in Avian Clinical Pathology B: Hematology C: Clinical Biochemistries D: Cytology E: Molecular Diagnostic Testing F. Diagnostic Testing of Age of Birds and its Applications 14. Advances in Diagnostic Imaging 15. Management and Medicine of Backyard Poultry 16. Medicine of Strigiformes 17. Critical Care 18. Advancements in Diagnosis and Management of Toxicologic Problems SECTION 2: ADVANCES IN ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND SURGERY 19. Anesthesia 20. Recognition, Assessment and Management of Pain in Birds 21. Surgery A: Principles of Microsurgery B: Surgical Approaches to the Ventral Coelom and Selected Procedures C: Surgical Approaches to the Left Lateral Coelom and Selected Procedures D: Proventriculotomy/Ventriculotomy E: Orthopedic Surgery SECTION 3: ADVANCES IN WELFARE, CONSERVATION, AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 22. Advancements in Management of the Welfare of Avian Species A: Foundations in Avian Welfare B: Animal Welfare Acts and Their Influence on Avian Welfare C: Wing Trimming or Deflighting Procedures - A Global View D: The Human-Avian Bond E: Euthanasia 23. Conservation of Avian Species A: Foundations in Avian Conservation B: Advancements in Radiotelemetry C: The Spix's Macaw Recovery Program D: The Takahe Recovery Project E: The California Condor Recovery Project F: The Whooping Recovery Project 24. Practice Management and Risk Management A: Practice Management B: Managing Risk in Avian Practice C: The Forensic Necropsy SECTION 4: PATTERN RECOGNITION 25: A Global View of Common Conditions in Common Companion Bird Species A. Australia B. Europe C. North America D. Mexico and Central America E. South America F. Africa Appendices Appendix 1 Table of Common Drugs and Approximate Doses Appendix 2 Normal Clinical Pathologic Data Appendix 3 Normal Biologic Data

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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