Veterinary medicine: small animals Books

Book SynopsisThis text is a reference for dog trainers, behaviourists, breeders and veterinarians. Coupled with the first volume, the book provides a theoretical and practical framework for understanding the development and treatment of dog behaviour problems.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1. History of Applied Dog Behavior and Training. Social Parallelism, Domestication, and Training; Dogs and the Ancient World; Roots of Modern Training; Organized Competitive Obedience; Dogs and Defense; The Monks of New Skete; New York and the North American Society of Dog Trainers; Science and Behavior; Applied Behavior; Contemporary Trends in Dog Training; References. 2. Behavioral Assessment. Part 1: Descriptive and Functional Assessment; Behavioral Fact-finding; Defining Behavior as a Problem; Functional Analysis and Working Hypotheses; Dead-dog Rule; Training Plan; Describing and Classifying Behavior Problems; Common Etiological Factors Underlying Behavior Problems; Control and Management of Behavior Problems versus Cure. Part 2: Evaluation Forms; Client Work Sheet; Dog Behavior Questionnaire; Puppy Temperament and Evaluation; Puppy Behavior Profile; References. 3. Fears and Phobias. Incidence of Fear-related Behavior Problems; Assessment and Evaluation of Fear-related Problems; Contributions of Learning; What Is Fear?; Innate and Acquired Fear; Fear and Conditioning; Anxiety; Phobia; Expectancy Bias; Prediction and Control; Efficacy Expectancies; Primal Sensory Modalities Mediating Attraction and Aversion; Play and Fear; Assessment and Modification of Fear;. References. 4. Attachment, Separation, and Related Problems. Part 1: Attachment and Separation; Attachment and Separation Distress; Bowlby's Social Bond Theory; Psychobiological "Attunement": Bioregulatory Hypothesis; Opponent-process Theory and Separation Distress; Supernormal Attachment Hypothesis; Neoteny and Dependency; Biological Stress and Separation Distress; Separation Distress and Coactive Influences. Part 2: Ontogenesis of Separation Distress; Development of Attachments and Separation-related Distress; Attachment and Learning; Comparison Between Dog and Wolf Exposure to Social Separation. Part 3: Separation-Related Problems: Worry and Guilt: The Human Dimension of Separation Distress; Behavioral Expressions of Separation Distress; Assessing Separation-related Problems; Etiology, Ethology, and Risk Factors; Separation Distress and Retroactive Punishment; Aging and Separation-related Problems; References. 5. Excessive Behavior. Part 1: Compulsive Behavior; Definitions; Etiology; Displacement Activity; Adjunctive Behavior and Compulsions; Conflict and Coactive Factors; Compulsive Behavior Problems; Assessment and Evaluation; Prevention. Part 2: Hyperactivity; Hyperactivity versus Hyperkinesis; Signs and Incidence; Etiology; CNS-stimulant-response Test; Dietary Factors and Hyperactivity; Two Case Histories; Cognitive Interpretations and Speculation; Behavioral Side Effects of Hyperactivity; References. 6. Aggressive Behavior: Basic Concepts and Principles. Part 1: Introduction; Characteristics of Dogs That Bite; Age and Sex; Incidence and Targets of Aggression; Emotional Trauma of Dog Attacks on Children: Dogs That Kill; Dog Attacks versus Human Fatal Assaults on Children; Basic Categories; Classifying Aggressive Behavior; A Nomenclature of Aggressive Behavior; Predatory Behavior; Genetics and Aggression; Hormones and Aggressive Behavior; Nutrition and Aggression; Role of Integrated Compliance and Obedience Training. Part 2: Children, Dogs, and Aggression; Preventing Problems; Dog and Baby; Evaluating the Risk; Preventing Bites; References. 7. Intraspecific and Territorial Aggression. Part 1: Intraspecific Aggression; Etiology and Assessment; Owner Characteristics of Aggressors and Victims; Domestication and Developmental Factors; Hormonal Influences; Socialization and Aggression; Aggression Between Dogs Sharing the Same Household; Prevention. Part 2: Territorial Defense; Control Vector Analysis of Territory; How Territory Is Established and Defended Free-floating Territory; Territorial Aggression versus Group Protection; Variables Influencing Territorial Aggression. Part 3: Fear-related Aggression; Fear and Aggression; Fear and Avoidance-motivated Aggression; Fear and Territorial Aggression; References. 8. Social Competition and Aggression. Assessment and Identification; Concept of Social Dominance: Defining Dominance: Structure of Dominance Relations: Social Dominance and Aggression: Dominance and Social Harmony: Interspecies Social Dominance: Social Distance and Polarity; Affiliation and Social Dominance; Play and Aggression; Cognition and Aggression; Anxiety, Frustration, and Aggression; Behavioral Thresholds and Aggression; Aversive Trauma, Social Loss, and Aggression; Learning and Dominance; Social Competition, Development, and Aggression; Social versus Competitive (Possessive) Behavior; Temperament Tests and Aggression Prevention;. References. 9. Appetitive and Elimination Problems. Part 1: Appetitive Problems; Excessive Eating and Obesity; Inappetence and Anorexia; Pica and Destructive Behavior; Pica and Scavenging; Coprophagy; Putative Causes of Coprophagy; Evolutionary Rationale. Part 2: Elimination Problems; Physiology, Neural Control, and Learning; Eliminatory Behavior; Common Elimination Problems. Defecation Problems; Flatulence; Grass Burn and Urine; References. 10. Cynopraxis. Cynopraxic Counseling; Behavior Problems and the Family. Joining the Family; Psychological Factors; Attributional Styles; Psychodynamic Factors; Social Placebos; The Cynopraxic Trainer's Attitude; References. Index.

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Book Synopsisinternational appeal, in view of the worldwide interest in cyprinid fish authors' experience (70 years between them) approximately 100 full colour photographs practical, but based on the latest research valuable reference for a wide range of professionals and enthusiasts.Trade Review"Carp and other cyprinid fish are vitally important to the international fish farming market. Their deseases can have a very significant impact on that market. This excellent book describes many of those diseases and offers solutions in the form of both prevention and cure of those diseases." (Fishing Boat World, April 2004) "This book will make an invaluable addition to the library of any institution or individual involved with the study or management of cyprinid fishes... a truly extensive work." (Ian J. Winfield, Fish and Fisheries) "This is really an excellent publication that deserves a space on any fish textbook shelf" (Vaughan Lewis, FISH Magazine, May 2001)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Geographical distribution. 1.2 Economic importance of cyprinids. 2 Cyprinid Biology. 2.1 Water: the controlling factor. 2.2 Basic external anatomy. 2.3 Basic internal anatomy. 3 Disease Symptoms. 3.1 Behavioural symptoms of disease. 3.2 General external visual signs. 3.3 Internal signs of disease. 4 Infectious Diseases - Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi. 4.1 Viral pathogens and diseases. 4.2 Bacterial pathogens and diseases. 4.3 Fungal pathogens and diseases. 4.4 Zoonoses. 5 Infectious Diseases - Parasites. 5.1 Protozoan parasites and diseases. 5.2 Monogenean flukes. 5.3 Digenean flukes (trematodes). 5.4 Cestodes (the tapeworms). 5.5 Nematodes. 5.6 Acanthocephalans (spiny headed worms). 5.7 Mollusca (Glochidia). 5.8 Annelid worms (leeches). 5.9 Crustacea. 5.10 Zoonoses. 6 Noninfectious diseases. 6.1 Self-inflicted injuries. 6.2 Injuries caused by fish and other animals. 6.3 Injuries caused by human activities. 6.4 Developmental and physiological diseases. 6.5 Common disease problems. 6.6 Sterility. 6.7 Tumours. 6.8 Longevity and senile-related diseases. 7 Environmentally Induced Diseases. 7.1 Environmental diseases caused by natural events. 7.2 Environmental diseases caused by human activities. 7.3 Water temperature. 7.4 Dissolved gases. 7.5 pH. 7.6 Nitrogenous wastes. 7.7 Other pollutants. 7.8 Environmental stressors and diseases. 7.9 Measurement of some environmental water parameters. 8 Nutritionally Induced Diseases. 8.1 Natural foods. 8.2 Artificial foods. 8.3 Nutrition related diseases. 8.4 Starvation. 8.5 Nutritional toxicity disorders. 8.6 Overfeeding. 8.7 Diseases associated with live food organisms. 8.8 Diseases associated with feeding sick or dead fish. 9 Diseases of Eggs and Fry. 9.1 Eggs. 9.2 Fry. 9.3 Predation of eggs and fry. 10 Management of Fish Health. 10.1 Introduction to site management plans. 10.2 Trade organizations and other bodies. 11 Future Developments. 11.1 Rapid diagnostic methods. 11.2 Vaccine development. 11.3 Trends in chemotherapy. 11.4 Future disease risks. 12 Laboratory Procedures in Disease Diagnosis and Control. 12.1 Examination on site. 12.2 Submitting a sample to the laboratory. 12.3 Initial examination. 12.4 Euthanasia. 12.5 Detailed external examination. 12.6 Blood sampling. 12.7 Detailed internal examination. 12.8 Laboratory tests. 12.9 Diagnosis. 12.10 Post mortem equipment. Fish Names Cited in Text. Glossary of Terms. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe field of infectious diseases in veterinary medicine is both rewarding and challenging, and this book offers small animal veterinarians a lifeline by balancing relevant background, guidance and optimizing efficiency. It provides a pathway for clinicians through this complex field by highlighting the most clinically relevant aspects of a wide range of diseases, and granting them consideration for placement on dog and cat differential lists. Organized according to a system-based structure, all the major clinically affected systems are covered along with a catch-all multisystem chapter for infectious diseases that escape easy classification. The book is clinically oriented, based on experience underpinned by published research data. Pathogen-specific information enables rational choice of diagnostics, therapy, and prognostication for a complete list of small animal infectious diseases, that includes bacterial, viral, parasiticTrade ReviewListen to a fantastic review on VetEducation's Vet Synapse podcast here: https://veteducation.com.au/color-handbook-infectious-diseases-review/Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat: A Color Handbook is designed to provide busy clinicians with relevant information to guide diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in a clinical setting. As an avid fan of Dr. Weese’s Worms and Germs blog, I anxiously awaited this publication. In addition to reliable, targeted, and efficient text, striking color photographs and summary tables provide quick information on featured agents. Chapters are well referenced, and the indexing is thorough... Overall, this book is a high-quality reference on infectious disease with information that is both accessible and concise for general clinical practice. It is an excellent supplemental reference for a clinic library and is well suited for veterinary students as they prepare for the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination. -- Elizabeth Berliner, DVM, DABVP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY in JAVMA JUN 15, 2020, VOL 256 NO. 12 A Color Handbook of Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat is an extremely useful, well-written reference, that belies its small size. It is both accessible and useful to a wide range of clinicians, from general practitioners, through to residents, interns, and those studying for board examinations. Whilst it is not an exhaustive text, it is one of the most user-friendly references on this topic that this reviewer has encountered, and the authors and publishers should be commended on their efforts in creating it.-- Dr. Philip Judge, BVSc MVS PG Cert Vet Stud MACVSc (VECC; Medicine of Dogs), on Vet Synapse podcast

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Book SynopsisA vital pocket-sized reference tool for busy practitioners and students, saving hours of searching through multiple sources. Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Medicine, Second Edition brings together comprehensive differential diagnosis lists covering a wide range of presenting signs.Trade Review"Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Medicine is not a book, it is a tool – and very useful one." (European Journal of Companion Animal Practice, 1 October 2015) "It will be handy for your clinical rota but I'm certain you will keep it when in practice." (Vet Nurses Today, 1 October 2015) "The second edition of Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Medicineis an excellent resource for third- and fourth-year veterinary students on clinical rotations and new graduates who are in need of a compact, pocket-friendly reference with a problem-oriented approach to clinical cases." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 June 2015) "I would say this book allows for peace of mind that every possible avenue has been explored. When dealing with a returning patient, which requires more in-depth examination, the book may well come into its own. The list-like structure makes referencing simple and clear, and explains the varying diagnosis resulting from a huge range of clinical signs and biological data." (Veterinary Record, 2016)Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Historical Signs 5 1.1 General, systemic and metabolic historical signs 5 1.1.1 Polyuria/polydipsia 5 1.1.2 Weight loss 7 1.1.3 Weight gain 9 1.1.4 Polyphagia 10 1.1.5 Anorexia/inappetence 11 1.1.6 Failure to grow 13 1.1.7 Syncope/collapse 14 1.1.8 Weakness 18 1.2 Gastrointestinal/abdominal historical signs 22 1.2.1 Ptyalism/salivation/hypersalivation 22 1.2.2 Gagging/retching 24 1.2.3 Dysphagia 26 1.2.4 Regurgitation 27 1.2.5 Vomiting 28 1.2.6 Diarrhoea 34 1.2.7 Melaena 40 1.2.8 Haematemesis 42 1.2.9 Haematochezia 44 1.2.10 Constipation/obstipation 46 1.2.11 Faecal tenesmus/dyschezia 48 1.2.12 Faecal incontinence 49 1.2.13 Flatulence/borborygmus 50 1.3 Cardiorespiratory historical signs 51 1.3.1 Coughing 51 1.3.2 Dyspnoea/tachypnoea 52 1.3.3 Sneezing and nasal discharge 53 1.3.4 Epistaxis 55 1.3.5 Haemoptysis 56 1.3.6 Exercise intolerance 58 1.4 Dermatological historical signs 59 1.4.1 Pruritus 59 1.5 Neurological historical signs 61 1.5.1 Seizures 61 1.5.2 Trembling/shivering 65 1.5.3 Ataxia 67 1.5.4 Paresis/paralysis 76 1.5.5 Coma/stupor 80 1.5.6 Altered behaviour: General changes 82 1.5.7 Altered behaviour: Specific behavioural problems 84 1.5.8 Deafness 85 1.5.9 Multifocal neurological disease 87 1.6 Ocular historical signs 90 1.6.1 Blindness/visual impairment 90 1.6.2 Epiphora/tear overflow 93 1.7 Musculoskeletal historical signs 95 1.7.1 Forelimb lameness 95 1.7.2 Hindlimb lameness 99 1.7.3 Multiple joint/limb lameness 103 1.8 Reproductive historical signs 104 1.8.1 Failure to observe oestrus 104 1.8.2 Irregular seasons 106 1.8.3 Infertility in the female with normal oestrus 107 1.8.4 Male infertility 108 1.8.5 Vaginal/vulval discharge 111 1.8.6 Abortion 111 1.8.7 Dystocia 112 1.8.8 Neonatal mortality 114 1.9 Urological historical signs 115 1.9.1 Pollakiuria/dysuria/stranguria 115 1.9.2 Polyuria/polydipsia 115 1.9.3 Anuria/oliguria 116 1.9.4 Haematuria 117 1.9.5 Urinary incontinence/inappropriate urination 119 Part 2: Physical Signs 121 2.1 General/miscellaneous physical signs 121 2.1.1 Abnormalities of body temperature – hyperthermia 121 2.1.2 Abnormalities of body temperature – hypothermia 127 2.1.3 Enlarged lymph nodes 127 2.1.4 Diffuse pain 130 2.1.5 Peripheral oedema 130 2.1.6 Hypertension 132 2.1.7 Hypotension 133 2.2 Gastrointestinal/abdominal physical signs 135 2.2.1 Oral lesions 135 2.2.2 Abdominal distension 137 2.2.3 Abdominal pain 138 2.2.4 Perianal swelling 141 2.2.5 Jaundice 142 2.2.6 Abnormal liver palpation 144 2.3 Cardiorespiratory physical signs 146 2.3.1 Dyspnoea/tachypnoea 146 2.3.2 Pallor 151 2.3.3 Shock 151 2.3.4 Cyanosis 153 2.3.5 Ascites 155 2.3.6 Abnormal respiratory sounds 155 2.3.7 Abnormal heart sounds 156 2.3.8 Abnormalities in heart rate 160 2.3.9 Jugular distension/hepatojugular reflux 163 2.3.10 Alterations in arterial pulse 163 2.4 Dermatological signs 164 2.4.1 Scaling 164 2.4.2 Pustules and papules (including miliary dermatitis) 166 2.4.3 Nodules 168 2.4.4 Pigmentation disorders (coat or skin) 170 2.4.5 Alopecia 172 2.4.6 Erosive/ulcerative skin disease 174 2.4.7 Otitis externa 176 2.4.8 Pododermatitis 178 2.4.9 Disorders of the claws 180 2.4.10 Anal sac/perianal disease 182 2.5 Neurological signs 183 2.5.1 Abnormal cranial nerve (CN) responses 183 2.5.2 Vestibular disease 186 2.5.3 Horner’s syndrome 189 2.5.4 Hemineglect syndrome (Forebrain dysfunction q.v.) 190 2.5.5 Spinal disorders 190 2.6 Ocular signs 192 2.6.1 Red eye 192 2.6.2 Corneal opacification 197 2.6.3 Corneal ulceration/erosion 198 2.6.4 Lens lesions 200 2.6.5 Retinal lesions 201 2.6.6 Intraocular haemorrhage/hyphaema 203 2.6.7 Abnormal appearance of anterior chamber 204 2.7 Musculoskeletal signs 204 2.7.1 Muscular atrophy or hypertrophy 204 2.7.2 Trismus (‘lockjaw’) 206 2.7.3 Weakness 207 2.8 Urogenital physical signs 207 2.8.1 Kidneys abnormal on palpation 207 2.8.2 Bladder abnormalities 208 2.8.3 Prostate abnormal on palpation 210 2.8.4 Uterus abnormal on palpation 210 2.8.5 Testicular abnormalities 211 2.8.6 Penis abnormalities 211 Part 3: Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Signs 213 3.1 Thoracic radiography 213 3.1.1 Artefactual causes of increased lung opacity 213 3.1.2 Increased bronchial pattern 213 3.1.3 Increased alveolar pattern 214 3.1.4 Increased interstitial pattern 217 3.1.5 Increased vascular pattern 220 3.1.6 Decreased vascular pattern 221 3.1.7 Cardiac diseases that may be associated with a normal cardiac silhouette 222 3.1.8 Increased size of cardiac silhouette 222 3.1.9 Decreased size of cardiac silhouette 223 3.1.10 Abnormalities of the ribs 224 3.1.11 Abnormalities of the oesophagus 225 3.1.12 Abnormalities of the trachea 228 3.1.13 Pleural effusion 230 3.1.14 Pneumothorax 232 3.1.15 Abnormalities of the diaphragm 233 3.1.16 Mediastinal abnormalities 234 3.2 Abdominal radiography 237 3.2.1 Liver 237 3.2.2 Spleen 239 3.2.3 Stomach 241 3.2.4 Intestines 244 3.2.5 Ureters 251 3.2.6 Bladder 251 3.2.7 Urethra 254 3.2.8 Kidneys 255 3.2.9 Loss of intra-abdominal contrast 258 3.2.10 Prostate 260 3.2.11 Uterus 261 3.2.12 Abdominal masses 261 3.2.13 Abdominal calcification/mineral density 262 3.3 Skeletal radiography 264 3.3.1 Fractures 264 3.3.2 Altered shape of the long bones 264 3.3.3 Dwarfism 265 3.3.4 Delayed ossification/growth plate closure 266 3.3.5 Increased radiopacity 266 3.3.6 Periosteal reactions 267 3.3.7 Bony masses 267 3.3.8 Osteopenia 268 3.3.9 Osteolysis 270 3.3.10 Mixed osteolytic/osteogenic lesions 271 3.3.11 Joint changes 271 3.4 Radiography of the head and neck 275 3.4.1 Increased radiopacity/bony proliferation of the maxilla 275 3.4.2 Decreased radiopacity of the maxilla 275 3.4.3 Increased radiopacity/bony proliferation of the mandible 276 3.4.4 Decreased radiopacity of the mandible 276 3.4.5 Increased radiopacity of the tympanic bulla 276 3.4.6 Decreased radiopacity of the nasal cavity 277 3.4.7 Increased radiopacity of the nasal cavity 277 3.4.8 Increased radiopacity of the frontal sinuses 279 3.4.9 Increased radiopacity of the pharynx 279 3.4.10 Thickening of the soft tissues of the head and neck 280 3.4.11 Decreased radiopacity of the soft tissues of the head and neck 281 3.4.12 Increased radiopacity of the soft tissues of the head and neck 281 3.5 Radiography of the spine 282 3.5.1 Normal and congenital variation in vertebral shape and size 282 3.5.2 Acquired variation in vertebral shape and size 283 3.5.3 Changes in vertebral radiopacity 285 3.5.4 Abnormalities in the intervertebral space 286 3.5.5 Contrast radiography of the spine (myelography) 287 3.6 Thoracic ultrasonography 289 3.6.1 Pleural effusion 289 3.6.2 Mediastinal masses 290 3.6.3 Pericardial effusion 290 3.6.4 Altered chamber dimensions 291 3.6.5 Changes in ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance (fractional shortening, FS%; ejection fraction, EF) 294 3.7 Abdominal ultrasonography 294 3.7.1 Renal disease 294 3.7.2 Hepatobiliary disease 297 3.7.3 Splenic disease 300 3.7.4 Pancreatic disease 301 3.7.5 Adrenal disease 302 3.7.6 Urinary bladder disease 302 3.7.7 Gastrointestinal disease 304 3.7.8 Ovarian and uterine disease 305 3.7.9 Prostatic disease 306 3.7.10 Ascites 306 3.8 Ultrasonography of other regions 308 3.8.1 Testes 308 3.8.2 Eyes 309 3.8.3 Neck 311 Part 4: Laboratory Findings 313 4.1 Biochemical findings 313 4.1.1 Albumin 313 4.1.2 Alanine transferase 315 4.1.3 Alkaline phosphatase 316 4.1.4 Ammonia 318 4.1.5 Amylase 319 4.1.6 Aspartate aminotransferase 320 4.1.7 Bilirubin 321 4.1.8 Bile acids/dynamic bile acid test 322 4.1.9 C-reactive protein (D) 322 4.1.10 Cholesterol 323 4.1.11 Creatinine 324 4.1.12 Creatine kinase 324 4.1.13 Ferritin 325 4.1.14 Fibrinogen 326 4.1.15 Folate 326 4.1.16 Fructosamine 327 4.1.17 Gamma-glutamyl transferase 327 4.1.18 Gastrin 328 4.1.19 Globulins 329 4.1.20 Glucose 330 4.1.21 Iron 333 4.1.22 Lactate dehydrogenase 333 4.1.23 Lipase 335 4.1.24 Triglycerides 336 4.1.25 Troponin 337 4.1.26 Trypsin-like immunoreactivity 338 4.1.27 Urea 338 4.1.28 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) 341 4.1.29 Zinc 341 4.2 Haematological findings 342 4.2.1 Regenerative anaemia 342 4.2.2 Poorly/non-regenerative anaemia 345 4.2.3 Polycythaemia 348 4.2.4 Thrombocytopenia 350 4.2.5 Thrombocytosis 353 4.2.6 Neutrophilia 354 4.2.7 Neutropenia 355 4.2.8 Lymphocytosis 357 4.2.9 Lymphopenia 358 4.2.10 Monocytosis 359 4.2.11 Eosinophilia 360 4.2.12 Eosinopenia 361 4.2.13 Mastocytemia 361 4.2.14 Basophilia 362 4.2.15 Increased buccal mucosal bleeding time (disorders of primary haemostasis) 362 4.2.16 Increased prothrombin time (disorders of extrinsic and common pathways) 363 4.2.17 Increased partial thromboplastin time or activated clotting time (disorders of intrinsic and common pathways) 363 4.2.18 Increased fibrin degradation products 364 4.2.19 Decreased fibrinogen levels 364 4.2.20 Decreased antithrombin III levels 364 4.3 Electrolyte and blood gas findings 365 4.3.1 Total calcium 365 4.3.2 Chloride 367 4.3.3 Magnesium 369 4.3.4 Potassium 371 4.3.5 Phosphate 373 4.3.6 Sodium 375 4.3.7 pH 377 4.3.8 pa02 379 4.3.9 Total C02 381 4.3.10 Bicarbonate 381 4.3.11 Base excess 381 4.4 Urinalysis findings 381 4.4.1 Alterations in specific gravity 381 4.4.2 Abnormalities in urine chemistry 383 4.4.3 Abnormalities in urine sediment 388 4.4.4 Infectious agents 390 4.5 Cytological findings 392 4.5.1 Tracheal/bronchoalveolar lavage 392 4.5.2 Nasal flush cytology 394 4.5.3 Liver cytology 395 4.5.4 Kidney cytology 397 4.5.5 Skin scrapes/hair plucks/tape impressions 398 4.5.6 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis 398 4.5.7 Fine-needle aspiration of cutaneous/ subcutaneous masses 400 4.6 Hormones/endocrine testing 401 4.6.1 Thyroxine 401 4.6.2 Parathyroid hormone 403 4.6.3 Cortisol (baseline or post-ACTH stimulation test) 404 4.6.4 Insulin 405 4.6.5 Acth 405 4.6.6 Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) 405 4.6.7 Testosterone 406 4.6.8 Progesterone 406 4.6.9 Oestradiol 407 4.6.10 Pro-BNP 407 4.7 Faecal analysis findings 408 4.7.1 Faecal blood 408 4.7.2 Faecal parasites 408 4.7.3 Faecal culture 409 4.7.4 Faecal fungal infections 409 4.7.5 Undigested food residues 409 Part 5: Electrodiagnostic Testing 410 5.1 Electrocardiographic findings 410 5.1.1 Alterations in P wave 410 5.1.2 Alterations in QRS complex 411 5.1.3 Alterations in P–R relationship 413 5.1.4 Alterations in S–T segment 414 5.1.5 Alterations in Q–T interval 415 5.1.6 Alterations in T wave 416 5.1.7 Alterations in baseline 416 5.1.8 Rhythm alterations 416 5.1.9 Alterations in rate 420 5.2 Electromyographic findings 422 5.2.1 Spontaneous activity 422 5.2.2 Evoked activity 423 5.3 Nerve conduction velocity findings 423 5.3.1 Decreased velocity 423 5.3.2 Increased velocity 423 Index 424

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Book SynopsisAtlas of Small Animal CT & MRI is a highly illustrated diagnostic imaging guide to common clinical disorders of dogs and cats.Trade Review“This 693 page atlas offers numerous pictures of various clinical situations, assisting the clinician in his diagnosis and subsequently therapeutic decision making. A beautiful and very useful book!!” (Vet Nurses Today, 1 October 2015) “The authors of the first edition of the Atlas of Small Animal CT and MRIhave put together an excellent reference tool.” (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 September 2015) "...the Atlas of Small Animal CT and MRI should be a useful, comprehensive, single-source resource for specialists and specialists in training as well as anyone else interested in imaging. The atlas provides an overview of important anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of anatomic regions to complement numerous quality patient-based examples demonstrating CT and MRI imaging characteristics of normal and diseased structures in common clinical disorders. I will keep this atlas close at hand for quick reference to help with differentials in my clinical cases." Kari L. Anderson, DVM, Diplomate ACVR Professor and Section Chief, Medical Imaging Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine "The picture material and image quality that illustrate the textbook are outstanding, and this is what makes this book so special. Each figure in the Atlas includes a large header that identifies a specific pathology. The cross sectional images are presented in a comparative format with correlation with other diagnostic tests (eg. pathology, endoscopy, ultrasound) or 3D reconstructions, and always mention the histology or cytology results. In many cases, CT and MRI examples of a same pathology are displayed on the same page, which offers direct comparison of both CT and MRI, and give the unique opportunity to understand the pros and cons of each modality." Julien Labruyère DVM CertVDI DipECVDI MRCVSEuropean and RCVS Specialist in Veterinary Diagnostic ImagingVetCT Table of ContentsPreface vi How to use this atlas vii Abbreviations viii Section 1: Head & Neck 1 1.1 Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses 3 1.2 Ear 27 1.3 Temporomandibular joint 40 1.4 Skull 55 1.5 Orbit 69 1.6 Globe 86 1.7 Salivary glands 98 1.8 Lymph nodes 107 1.9 Oral cavity 113 1.10 Larynx, pharynx, and neck 132 1.11 Thyroid and parathyroid 141 Section 2: Brain 153 2.1 Ventricular system and hydrocephalus 155 2.2 Brain edema 162 2.3 Developmental disorders 165 2.4 Trauma, hemorrhage, and vascular disorders 173 2.5 Metabolic, toxic, and degenerative disorders 184 2.6 Noninfectious inflammatory disorders 197 2.7 Infectious inflammatory disorders 206 2.8 Neoplasia 221 2.9 Sella and parasellar region 244 2.10 Cranial nerves 264 Section 3: Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord 279 3.1 Developmental disorders 281 3.2 Traumatic and vascular disorders 295 3.3 Inflammatory disorders 317 3.4 Neoplasia 329 3.5 Intervertebral disk disease and other degenerative disorders 355 3.6 Brachial and lumbosacral plexus 376 Section 4: Thorax 387 4.1 Thoracic wall and diaphragm 389 4.2 Pleural space 398 4.3 Mediastinum and esophagus 408 4.4 Heart, pulmonary vasculature, and great vessels 423 4.5 Airways 442 4.6 Small airways and parenchyma 458 Section 5: Abdomen 489 5.1 Body wall, retroperitoneum, and peritoneal cavity 491 5.2 Hepatovascular disorders 504 5.3 Hepatobiliary disorders 522 5.4 Gastrointestinal tract 538 5.5 Pancreas 551 5.6 Adrenal gland 561 5.7 Spleen 572 5.8 Urinary tract 584 5.9 Reproductive tract 604 Section 6: Musculoskeletal System 615 6.1 Developmental and metabolic disorders 617 6.2 Trauma 636 6.3 Inflammatory disorders 652 6.4 Neoplasia 662 6.5 Degenerative disorders 675 Index 681

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Book SynopsisDrug Therapy for Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat provides fast access to all the information needed to effectively and responsibly treat infectious disease in dogs and cats, with easy searching by either drug or organism.Trade Review“Overall, I found this book to be a useful clinical handbook well worth the price. It is recommended as a practical clinical reference for small animal practitioners with limited experience in the area of infectious disease or veterinary students interested in learning clinical information necessary to effectively treat dogs and cats with common infectious diseases.” (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 December 2015) “A very useful tool to enrich whatever formulary may be lying in the consulting room.” (Vet Nurses Today, 1 October 2015)"This book is quite unique in its systematic and logic structure and is a welcome addendum to current literature in this topic." (EJCAP 2016) "From diagnosis and dosages to risk factors and resources for further reading in professional veterinary publications, all the guidelines and details are written with clinical settings in mind, making this a top office pick." (Midwest Book Review 2016)Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments x Section A: Pharmacology Guidelines 1 Understanding Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) 1 2 Static versus Cidal Antibiotics 1 3 In Vitro versus In Vivo Efficacy 2 4 Approaching Infectious Disease Cases 2 5 Why Antibiotics Fail 4 6 Adjusting Doses in Renal Failure 5 7 Pregnancy Risk Categories 6 8 Lactation Guidelines: Penetration of Drugs into Milk 7 9 Safe Writing Skills 7 10 Basic Math Skills 8 Section B: Empiric Therapy Pending Diagnostic Results 11 Arthritis Osteomyelitis 9 12 Bacteremia and Sepsis 10 13 Central Nervous System Infections (Meningitis) 11 14 Endocarditis (Bacterial) 12 15 Intra-Abdominal Infections 13 16 Neonatal Infections 14 17 Infections Associated with Neutropenia 15 18 Otitis Externa and Otitis Media 15 19 Pancreatitis 16 20 Peritonitis and Abscesses 17 21 Pneumonia/Bronchitis 18 22 Prostatitis 19 23 Pyothorax Infections 20 24 Sinus Infections 20 25 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 21 26 Urinary Tract Infections 22 Section C: Therapy of Established Infections 27 Acanthamoeba 25 28 Acinetobacter 26 29 Actinomyces 27 30 Adenovirus (Infectious Canine Hepatitis) 28 31 Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus (Feline Lungworm) 29 32 Anaerobic Species (Bacteroides and Provotella) 30 33 Anaplasma Species 30 34 Ancylostoma Species (Hookworms) 31 35 Ascaris Species (Roundworms) 32 36 Aspergillus Species 33 37 Babesia Species 35 38 Bartonella Species (Cat Scratch Disease) 36 39 Blastomycosis 37 40 Bordetella Bronchiseptica (Kennel Cough) 38 41 Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) 39 42 Brucella (Canine Brucellosis) 40 43 Calicivirus 42 44 Campylobacter Species 43 45 Candida Species 43 46 Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) 44 47 Capillaria Aerophila (Lungworm) 45 48 Cestode Species (Tapeworms) 46 49 Cheyletiella Species (Walking Dandruff) 47 50 Chlamydia Species 48 51 Citrobacter Species 49 52 Clostridium Difficile 50 53 Clostridium Tetani/Botulinum 51 54 Coccidiomycosis 52 55 Corynebacterium Species 53 56 Coxiellosis Species (Q Fever) 54 57 Cryptococcus Species 55 58 Cryptosporidium Species 56 59 Ctenocephalides Species (Fleas) 56 60 Cuterebra Species (Botfly Larvae) 57 61 Cytauxzoon Felis 59 62 Dematiaceous Fungi (Phaeohypomycosis Chromoblastomycosis) 59 63 Demodex Canis/Felis (Red Mange) 60 64 Dermatophytosis 61 65 Dipylidium Caninum (Flea Tapeworm) 62 66 Dirofilaria Immitis (Heartworm) 63 67 Distemper (Canine) 64 68 Ehrlichia Species 65 69 Entamoeba Histolytica 66 70 Enterobacter Species 67 71 Enterococcus 68 72 Erysipelothrix Species 69 73 Escherichia Coli (Enterotoxigenic/Enterohemorrhagic) 70 74 Eschericha Coli (Nonenterohemorrhagic) 71 75 Feline Coronovirus (Feline Infectious Peritonitis: FIP) 72 76 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) 73 77 Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) 74 78 Feline Panleukopenia Virus 75 79 Francisella Tularensis (Tularemia) 75 80 Fusarium Species 76 81 Giardia Species 77 82 Helicobacter Species 78 83 Hepatozoon Americanum/Canis (Hepatozoonosis) 79 84 Herpes Virus (Canine) 80 85 Histoplasma Capsulatum 80 86 Hyalohyphomycosis (Paecilomyces/Scedosporium) 81 87 Isospora Species 82 88 Klebsiella Species 83 89 Leishmaniosis 84 90 Leptospira Species 85 91 Lice 86 92 Malassezia 87 93 Microsporidia 88 94 Mucor Species 89 95 Mycobacterium Species 90 96 Mycoplasma Species 91 97 Myiasis (Maggots) 92 98 Neospora Caninum 92 99 Neorickettsia Helminthoeca 93 100 Nocardia Species 94 101 Otodectes Cynotis (Otodectic Mange) 95 102 Papilloma Virus 96 103 Paragonimus Species (Liver Flukes) 97 104 Parvovirus 97 105 Pasteurella Species 98 106 Poxvirus 99 107 Proteus Species 100 108 Prototheca Species 101 109 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 102 110 Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s Disease) 103 111 Rabies Virus 104 112 Rhodococcus Equi 104 113 Rickettsia Rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) 105 114 Salmonella Species 106 115 Sarcoptes Scabiei (Sarcoptic Mange) 107 116 Serratia Species 108 117 Shigella Species 109 118 Sporothrix Species 110 119 Staphylococcus Species 111 120 Streptococcus Species 112 121 Strongyloides Species (Threadworms) 113 122 Toxocara Canis/Cati 114 123 Toxoplasma Gondii (Toxoplasmosis) 115 124 Trichomonas Species 115 125 Yersinia Pestis (Plaque) 116 Section D: Antibiotics 126 Amikacin 118 127 Amoxicillin 120 128 Ampicillin 122 129 Azithromycin 124 130 Cefadroxil 126 131 Cefazolin 128 132 Cefdinir 130 133 Cefepime 132 134 Cefotaxime 134 135 Cefovecin 136 136 Cefoxitin 138 137 Cefpodoxime 140 138 Ceftazidime 142 139 Ceftiofur 143 140 Cefuroxime 145 141 Cephalexin 147 142 Chloramphenicol 149 143 Ciprofloxacin 151 144 Clarithromycin 153 145 Clavamox 155 146 Clindamycin 157 147 Dicloxacillin 159 148 Doxycycline 161 149 Enrofloxacin 163 150 Erythromycin 166 151 Florfenicol 168 152 Gentamicin 170 153 Imipenem and Cilastatin 172 154 Linezolid 174 155 Marbofloxacin 176 156 Meropenem 178 157 Metronidazole 180 158 Minocycline 182 159 Nitrofurantoin 185 160 Orbifloxacin 187 161 Oxytetracycline 189 162 Penicillin 191 163 Pradofloxacin 193 164 Rifampin 195 165 Potentiated Sulfas 197 166 Timentin 200 167 Tobramycin 202 168 Tylosin 204 169 Unasyn 206 170 Vancomycin 208 171 Zosyn 211 Section E: Antifungal Agents 172 Amphotericin B 221 173 Caspofungin 224 174 Clotrimazole 226 175 Enilconazole 228 176 Fluconazole 230 177 Flucytosine 232 178 Itraconazole 234 179 Ketoconazole 237 180 Posaconazole 239 181 Terbinafine 241 182 Voriconazole 243 Section F: Antiparasitic Agents 183 Albendazole 247 184 Atovaquone 249 185 Fenbendazole 251 186 Fipronil 253 187 Imidacloprid 255 188 Imidocarb Dipropionate 257 189 Ivermectin 259 190 Lufenuron 262 191 Meglumine Antimoniate 263 192 Melarsomine 265 193 Miltefosine 268 194 Milbemycin Oxime 269 195 Moxidectin 272 196 Nitazoxanide 274 197 Nitenpyram 276 198 Ponazuril (Toltrazuril Sulfone) 278 199 Praziquantel 280 200 Primaquine Phosphate 282 201 Pyrantel Pamoate 283 202 Ronidazole 285 203 Selamectin 287 204 Spinosid 289 205 Sulfadimethoxine 291 206 Tinidazole 294 Section G: Antiviral Agents 207 Acyclovir 297 208 Famciclovir 299 209 Cidofovir 301 210 Idoxuridine 302 211 Oseltamivir 304 212 Vidarabine 306 213 Zidovudine 307 Index 310

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Book SynopsisThis is a concise visual guide to the major techniques of regional anesthesia and analgesia for small animal practitioners, with complete coverage of the relevant physics, physiology, and pharmacology.Trade Review"Overall, this book is an excellent addition to the literature and will be appreciated by anyone interested in local and regional anesthesia." (Journal of Veterinary Medical Association 15 June 2016)"Practicing small animal vets and reference collections catering to them will find Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques an excellent, at-a-glance synthesis of technical information." (Donovan's Literary Services 2016)Table of Contents1 Introduction, 1 Reasons to provide regional anesthesia, 2 History of regional anesthesia/analgesia, 3 Principles of the major techniques, 3 Local anesthetic drugs, 4 Additives to local anesthetics, 6 Equipment, 7 Syringes, 7 Needles, 7 Epidural catheter kits, 8 Nerve locators, 8 Differential pressure transducer, 9 Acoustic device, 9 Complications and contraindications, 9 Local, 10 Systemic, 10 Species differences and considerations, 10 Safe practice, 11 Gaining confidence, 11 Making a plan, 11 References, 11 Further reading, 12 2 Cutaneous Innervation Index, 13 Cutaneous innervation index, 14 Canine dermatomes Body, 14 Head, 15 Thoracic limb, 16 Pelvic limb, 18 3 Infiltration Blocks, 21 Infiltration for mass removal, 22 Line and ring blocks, 22 Inverted “L” block, 24 Block of the surgical incision, 26 Single injection of the surgical incision , 26 Diffusion catheter/“soaker” catheter/“pain buster”, 28 Intercostal blocks, 30 Interpleural block (also known as intrapleural or pleural), 32 Intraperitoneal block, 34 References, 35 4 Blocks of the Head, 37 Retrobulbar, 38 Maxillary, 40 Infraorbital, 42 Mandibular (or inferior alveolar), 44 Mental (or middle mental), 46 Auriculotemporal and great auricular, 48 References, 52 5 Regional Anesthetic Blocks of the Limbs, 53 Thoracic limb regional anesthetic blocks, 54 Brachial plexus, 56 Paravertebral: C6–T1, 58 RUMM (radial/ulnar/median/musculocutaneous), 60 Bier block (intravenous regional anesthesia), 62 Pelvic limb, 64 Femoral/saphenous nerve block, 66 Sciatic nerve block, 70 References, 74 6 Epidurals and Spinals, 75 Lumbosacral epidural and spinal in dogs, 76 Lumbosacral epidural in cats, 78 Caudal epidural in dogs and cats, 80 References, 82 7 Emergency Procedures, 83 Complications associated with local anesthetic techniques, 84 Bleeding, 84 Nerve trauma, 84 Complications associated with local anesthetic drugs, 84 Allergic reactions to local anesthetic drugs, 84 Methemoglobinemia, 85 Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics, 85 Cardiovascular toxicity, 85 References, 88 Further reading, 88 Index, 89

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Book SynopsisDentistry in Rabbits and Rodents is a practical guide aimed at helping clinicians successfully diagnose and treat dental problems in rabbits and rodents within their own surgeries.Trade Review“In conclusion, Dentistry of Rabbits and Rodents provides a clear, thorough and complete overview of the various aspects of rabbit and rodent dentistry.” (European Journal of Companion Animal Practice, 1 October 2015)"The core chapters detailing basic anatomy and pathogenesis of dental disease and the treatment of incisor and cheek teeth diseases are of a high standard and contain a great deal of practical and theoretical information. I highly recommend this text for any practitioner wishing to further their knowledge of dentistry of rabbits and rodents." (Australian Veterinary Journal, 3 March 2016) Table of ContentsForeword, vi Preface, viii 1 Dental Treatment of Small Mammals – Development and Aims, 1 2 Basics of Odontology, 5 3 Classification and Anatomical Characteristics of the Lagomorphs and Rodents, 21 4 Clinical Examination, 35 5 Radiographic Examination, 49 6 Computed Tomography, 88 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia, 90 8 Instruments for Examination and Treatment, 107 9 Diseases of the Incisors, 118 10 Changes of the Cheek Teeth, 153 11 Abscesses, 213 12 Periodontal Diseases and Caries, 242 13 Other Changes of the Jaw, 254 14 Follow-up and Prognosis, 260 15 Appendix, 267 References, 270 Further Reading, 276 Index, 280

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Book SynopsisMonitoring and Intervention for the Critically Ill Small Animal: The Rule of 20 offers guidance for assessing the patient, interpreting diagnostic test results, and selecting appropriate monitoring procedures. Based on Rebecca Kirby's time-tested Rule of 20, with a chapter devoted to each item on the checklist Provides comprehensive guidance for monitoring a critically ill small animal patient Emphasizes the interplay of each parameter with one another Designed for fast access on the clinic floor, with potentially life-saving ideas, tips, lists and procedures Presents tables, schematics, algorithms, and drawings for quick reference Trade Review"Although this is one of many books available for practitioners in emergency and critical care, it has a unique method of presenting essential concepts for the complete care of the critical care patient. It is not meant to be a reference to all the most recent journal literature, but it does include recent research which is helpful for clinicians who want to stay current. This will be helpful to clinicians who want a quick reference on the shelf, but don't necessarily want to invest a lot of time and effort to understand the pathophysiology of diseases." (Doody Enterprises 15/03/2017)"Monitoring and Intervention for the Critically Ill Small Animal: The Rule of 20 is a book in which the rule of 20 for human patients has been adapted for monitoring dogs and cats receiving intensive care"....."Each chapter contains an excellent in-depth review of the physiology and pathophysiology of the topic being discussed. For this reason, it will be an especially useful reference for critical care residents, board-certified specialists, and emergency clinicians. The additional chapters on veterinary nursing care of critical patients, wound management, and bandaging make this book beneficial for veterinary technicians and nurses in intensive care units"......"This book is excellent, and I highly recommend it as required reading for all emergency and critical care residents. It will also be a useful reference for emergency clinicians and nurses and small animal general practitioners." (Reviewed by Laura Najman, DVM, DACVECC, Veterinary Medical and Surgical, Group, San Juan Capistrano AVMA 15th June 2017)Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 An introduction to SIRS and the Rule of 20 1Rebecca Kirby 2 Fluid balance 9Rebecca Kirby and Elke Rudloff 3 Blood pressure 29Lauren Sullivan 4 Albumin and colloid osmotic pressure 43Adesola Odunayo 5 Glucose 55Natara Loose 6 Electrolytes 73Linda Barton and Rebecca Kirby 7 Acid–base status 95Ryan Wheeler and Jan Kovacic 8 Oxygenation and ventilation 109Christin Reminga and Lesley G. King 9 Coagulation 137Andrew Linklater 10 Red blood cells and hemoglobin 157Andrew Linklater and Veronica Higgs 11 Heart rate rhythm and contractility 177Dennis E. Burkett 12 Neurological status 207Christine Iacovetta 13 The renal system 225Lee Herold 14 White blood cells, immune status, and antimicrobial stewardship 247Carol E. Haak 15 Gastrointestinal system motility and integrity 267Jennifer Klaus 16 Nutritional status 285Caroline Tonozzi 17 Temperature 303Conni Wehausen 18 Drug selection and dosing regimens 319Dawn Merton Boothe 19 Pain management 333Armi Pigott 20 Veterinary nursing care 349Heather Darbo and Cheryl Page 21 Wounds and bandages 373Jennifer J. Devey, Andrew Linklater and Rebecca Kirby 22 Anesthesia of the critical patient 389Susan E. Leonard Index 401

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Book SynopsisA concise and practical quick reference guide to treating reptiles in first opinion veterinary practice Reptile Medicine and Surgery in Clinical Practice is the ideal guide for the busy veterinarian treating reptile cases. Designed as a quick reference guide, but with comprehensive coverage of all the topics needed for first opinion practice, the book presents the principles of reptile medicine and surgery. Richly illustrated chapters cover anatomy, physiology, behaviour, husbandry, reproduction, common diseases and disorders, and much more. Application in a clinical setting is emphasized throughout, including guidance on the physical examination, diagnostic testing and imaging, treatment options, and anaesthetic and surgical techniques. Practical quick-reference guideideal for the busy, first-opinion veterinary practitionerRichly illustrated in full colour throughoutEdited by a team of highly experienced exotic animal veterinariansUseful reference for those studying for postgradTrade Review“There are 33 chapters covering everything from anatomy and husbandry, to diseases, imaging, nutrition and surgery. Diseases have been covered in chapters dedicated to systems [...] There are two absolute standouts of this book that I haven’t encountered in many other books before. There are two successive chapters on ‘Setting Up and Equipping a Reptile Practice’ and ‘The Reptile Consultation’, which provide beautiful guiding principles for getting into this growing field, right down to marketing of the service. The second standout is chapter 17: ‘Differential Diagnoses: A Problem-Based Approach’. The chapter runs for 36 pages and contains nothing but lists of differentials for common presenting signs of the four major reptile taxa: snakes, lizards, chelonians and crocodilians. Every major disease text should contain such a chapter and I cannot wait until the authors release the searchable app for this. [...] The text probably won’t contain the level of information a reptilian disease researcher might covet, but would be perfect for the general practitioner looking to start in reptiles, the general practitioner faced with a single question from a keen owner, the already established reptile expert and most certainly would be perfect for those veterinarians embarking upon membership examinations to Australian and New Zealand College in exotic pet medicine.”Australian Veterinary Journal Volume 97 No 10, October 2019Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xv 1 Taxonomy and Introduction to Common Species 1Bob Doneley 2 Anatomy and Physiology of Reptiles 15Bairbre O’Malley 3 Behaviour in the Wild and in Captivity 33Robert Johnson 4 Husbandry and Nutrition 45Michelle Kischinovsky, Aidan Raftery and Shivananden Sawmy 5 Enclosure Design 61Michael McFadden, Deborah Monks, Bob Doneley and Robert Johnson 6 Lighting 75Frances M. Baines 7 Reproduction 91Timothy J. Portas 8 Reptile Paediatrics 105Deborah Monks and Bob Doneley 9 Setting Up and Equipping a Reptile Practice 115Bob Doneley, Shane Simpson, Angela M. Lennox and John Chitty 10 The Reptile Consultation 125Bob Doneley and Brendan Carmel 11 Diagnostic Testing 135Rachel E. Marschang, Frank Pasmans, Tim Hyndman, Mark Mitchell and An Martel 12 Diagnostic Imaging 145Zden¨§k Knotek, Shane Simpson and Paolo Martelli 13 Clinical Techniques and Supportive Care 159Kimberly Vinette Herrin 14 Reptile Pharmacology 175Tim Hyndman 15 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 185Brendan Carmel and Robert Johnson 16 Infectious Diseases and Immunology 197Tim Hyndman and Rachel E. Marschang 17 Differential Diagnoses: A Problem©\Based Approach 217Helen McCracken, Brendan Carmel, John Chitty, Bob Doneley, Robert Johnson, Angela M. Lennox, Deborah Monks and Annabelle Olsson 18 Disorders of the Integument 255Linda Vogelnest 19 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System 273Robert Johnson and Bob Doneley 20 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 287Tegan Stephens and Alex Rosenwax 21 Diseases of the Respiratory System 299Melinda L. Cowan 22 Disorders of the Reproductive System 307Timothy J. Portas 23 Diseases of the Urinary Tract 323Peter Holz 24 Diseases of the Nervous System 331Hamish Baron and David N. Phalen 25 Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System 345Adolf K. Maas 26 Diseases of the Organs of Special Senses 357Alex Rosenwax and Tegan Stephens 27 Analgesia and Anaesthesia 369Annabelle Olsson and Mark Simpson 28 Surgery 383Zden¨§k Knotek and Stacey Leonatti Wilkinson 29 Turtle Shell Repair 397Jane Roffey and Sasha Miles 30 Necropsy 409Catherine M. Shilton 31 Reptile Parasitology in Health and Disease 425Jan Šlapeta, David Modrý, Robert Johnson 32 Nursing the Reptile Patient 441Gary Fitzgerald and Emma Whitlock 33 Euthanasia 449Tim Hyndman Appendix 1: Formulary 453 Appendix 2: Reference Intervals for Commonly Kept Reptile Species 473 Index 481

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Book SynopsisCrow & Walshaw''s Manual of Clinical Procedures in Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, & Rodents, Fourth Edition provides practical, up-to-date information on common veterinary procedures for gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, dogs, cats and rabbits with detailed line drawings and photographs that demonstrate not only pertinent anatomical relationships, but also operational motions. A classic veterinary clinical manual Provides practical, up-to-date information on common veterinary procedures Detailed line drawings and photographs demonstrate pertinent anatomical relationships and operational motions Companion website offering interactive multiple choice questions and answers, and images from the text in PowerPoint Trade Review"This user-friendly manual covers a broad range of clinical procedures, which are separated into 4 parts: Routine Clinical Procedures, Specialized Clinical Procedures, Emergency Procedures, and Routine Clinical Procedures in Small Mammals. The text is provided in outline format and is complemented by the substantial use of figures and images that depict the various techniques and procedures described. The book more than fulfills its stated intent of serving as an easy-to-follow guide for a variety of clinical procedures seen in companion animal practice...I commend the author for her thoroughness both in the topics selected and the details provided regarding the performance of the described techniques...Not only is this print edition a great resource, but it also has a companion website that includes all figures from the book and supplemental interactive multiple-choice questions and answers." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 15th Dec 2016)Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments ix About the Companion Website x Part I Routine Clinical Procedures 1 Chapter 1 Restraint of Dogs and Cats 3 Chapter 2 Venous Blood Collection 17 Chapter 3 Injection Techniques 31 Chapter 4 Placement and Care of Intravenous Catheters 43 Chapter 5 Oral Administration of Medications 73 Chapter 6 Dermatologic Procedures 79 Chapter 7 Impression Preparations 93 Chapter 8 Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy 97 Chapter 9 Ophthalmic Procedures 103 Chapter 10 Ear Care 123 Chapter 11 Pedicure 129 Chapter 12 Urethral Catheterization 135 Chapter 13 Digital Rectal Examination 151 Chapter 14 Anal Sac Expression and Cannulation 155 Chapter 15 Enema 159 Part II Specialized Clinical Procedures 163 Chapter 16 Skin Preparation 165 Chapter 17 Intubation 169 Chapter 18 Gastric Lavage 207 Chapter 19 Transtracheal Wash 211 Chapter 20 Centesis 217 Chapter 21 Peritoneal Catheterization and Lavage 225 Chapter 22 Needle Biopsy of Masses and Viscera 231 Chapter 23 Urohydropropulsion 255 Chapter 24 Prostatic Massage/Washing 259 Chapter 25 Semen Collection and Artificial Insemination 263 Chapter 26 Vaginal Examination and Specimen Collection 269 Chapter 27 Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy 275 Chapter 28 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection 289 Part III Emergency Procedures 295 Chapter 29 Rapid Evaluation of Bleeding and Clotting Disorders 297 Chapter 30 Blood Pressure Measurement 305 Chapter 31 Transfusion of Blood and Plasma 321 Chapter 32 Placement of Intraosseous Catheters 327 Chapter 33 Arterial Blood Collection 333 Chapter 34 Tracheostomy 343 Chapter 35 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 349 Part IV Routine Clinical Procedures in Small Mammals 361 Chapter 36 Restraint of Rabbits 363 Chapter 37 Selected Clinical Procedures in Rabbits 371 Chapter 38 Selected Clinical Procedures in Small Rodents 383 Index 397

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Book SynopsisTwo-Dimensional and M-Mode Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner provides a concise, accessible manual of basic two-dimensional and m-mode echocardiography. Offers fast access to practical advice on obtaining and evaluating echocardiograms using two-dimensional and m-mode techniques Provides easy reference to the common features of the most common acquired cardiac diseases Designed for ease of use, with concise, bulleted text and 165 images Presents updated generic and normalized reference ranges with a bibliography of breed specific reference articles Includes access to a website with video clips showing techniques and disease features Trade Review"The book has a companion website that provides excellent-quality echocardiographic video loops, which serve as adjunctive educational and reference tools"........"The book concludes with an overview of some basic cardiac diseases as well as some excellent images and diagrams for reference. Overall, given the high-quality images, diagrams, and accompanying videos, this book is an excellent introductory echocardiography reference for primary care practitioners. The author states that becoming a proficient echocardiographer requires “practice, patience, and more in-depth reading to develop these techniques and assessments,” and I strongly concur. This book is simply an introductory reference and should not be expected to be more than that" (Reviewed by Bill Tyrrell, DVM, DACVIMCVCA Cardiac Care for Pets, Leesburg, Va 15th june 2017 AVMA)Table of ContentsPreface, ix About the Companion Website, xi 1 The Basics, 1 2 Knobology for the Echocardiogram: Improving Image Quality, 7 3 Two-Dimensional Imaging Planes and Subjective Assessment, 24 4 Imaging Planes: Technique in the Dog and Cat, 51 5 M-Mode Echocardiography, 75 6 Measurement and Assessment of Two-Dimensional and M-Mode Images, 83 7 Echocardiographic Features of Common Acquired Heart Diseases, 108 Recommended Reading, 138 Glossary, 139 Index, 141

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Book SynopsisAnalgesia and Anesthesiafor the Ill or Injured Dog and Cat provides a comprehensive guide to anesthesia and pain management protocols, specifically tailored to ill or critically injured dogs and cats. Provides fast access to anesthesia and pain management protocols specifically tailored to ill or critically injured dogs and catsTakes a case-based structure to make it easy to find and apply relevant informationPresents step-by-step clinical procedures and techniquesSupplies concise, relevant background information for all drugs recommended in the protocols, highlighting recommendations and cautions for specific patient conditionsIncludes detailed information for geriatric, pregnant, nursing, and pediatric patients and those with cardiac, liver or kidney pathologyTrade Review"[This book] is designed to be a desktop manual and is written in a manner that provides readers quick and easy access to detailed information on the topics discussed. The book is written by highly respected experts in the field, and the content flows smoothly through their different areas of knowledge and experience…. It is a valuable addition to our clinic’s reference library, and I will be suggesting it as a reference to students who rotate through our emergency service." JAVMA, MAR 15, 2019, VOL 254, NO. 6Table of ContentsList of Contributors viii Preface ix Acknowledgements x 1 General Considerations for Pain Management upon Initial Presentation and during Hospital Stay Karol Mathews 2 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Pain 8Tamara Grubb 3 Physiologic and Pharmacologic Applications to Manage Neuropathic Pain 17Karol Mathews 4 Physiology and Pharmacology: Clinical Application to Abdominal and Pelvic Visceral Pain 51Karol Mathews 5 Physiology and Management of Cancer Pain 64Karol Mathews and Michelle Oblak 6 Movement‐Evoked and Breakthrough Pain 68Karol Mathews 7 Pain: Understanding It 70Karol Mathews 8 Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain in Dogs and Cat 81Karol Mathews 9 Pharmacologic and Clinical Application of Sedatives 112Melissa Sinclair 10 Pharmacologic and Clinical Application of Opioid Analgesics 119Melissa Sinclair 11 Pharmacologic and Clinical Application of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Analgesics 134Karol Mathews 12 Pharmacologic and Clinical Principles of Adjunct Analgesia 144Karol Mathews and Tamara Grubb 13 Pharmacologic and Clinical Application of General Anesthetics 165Melissa Sinclair 14 Local Anesthetic Techniques 171Alexander Valverde 15 Integrative Techniques for Pain Management 204Cornelia Mosley and Shauna Cantwell 16 The Veterinary Technician/Nurse’s Role in Pain Management 217Andrea Steele 17 Optimal Nursing Care for the Management of Pain 219Andrea Steele 18 Preparation and Delivery of Analgesics 230Andrea Steele 19 Cardiovascular Disease as a Co‐Morbidity for Anesthesia and Analgesia of Non‐Related Emergencies 244Tamara Grubb 20 Kidney Disease as a Co‐Morbidity for Anesthesia and Analgesia of Non‐Related Emergencies 255Melissa Sinclair 21 Liver Disease as a Co‐Morbidity for Anesthesia and Analgesia of Non‐Related Emergencies 263Melissa Sinclair 22 Managing the Aggressive Patient 270Andrea Steele and Tamara Grubb 23 Analgesia and Anesthesia for Pregnant Cats and Dogs 279Karol Mathews and Melissa Sinclair 24 Analgesia and Anesthesia for Nursing Cats and Dogs 294Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb, Melissa Sinclair and Andrea Steele 25 Physiologic and Pharmacologic Application of Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Pediatric Patient 308Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 26 Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Geriatric Patient 328Karol Mathews, Melissa Sinclair, Andrea Steele and Tamara Grubb 27 Analgesia and Anesthesia for Head and Neck Injuries or Illness 336Karol Mathews, Melissa Sinclair, Andrea Steele and Tamara Grubb 28 Torso, Thorax and Thoracic Cavity: Illness and Injury 356Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 29 Torso and Abdomen: Illness and Injuries 375Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 30 Pelvic Cavity/Abdomen, Perineum and Torso: Illness and Injuries Urogenital System and Perineum 391Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 31 Musculoskeletal Injuries and Illness 409Karol Mathews, Melissa Sinclair, Andrea Steele and Tamara Grubb 32 Vertebral Column (Vertebrae and Spinal Cord) 423Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 33 Integument Injuries and Illness 439Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele 34 Environmental Injuries 454Karol Mathews, Tamara Grubb and Andrea Steele Index 465

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Book SynopsisAtlas for the Diagnosis of Tumors in the Dog and Cat is a diagnostic tool for determining if samples are abnormal and defining the cause of the abnormality, with 386 clinical images depicting normal and abnormal results.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii Part I Overview of the Diagnostic Process 1 1 Overview of Grading and Staging 3 Identification of the process 3 Identification of tumor types 5 Grading 5 Staging 7 Staging versus clinical behavior 9 Epithelial tumors 12 Mesenchymal tumors 26 Round cell tumors 32 Melanoma 42 Conclusion 44 References 45 Part II Case Studies 49 2 Selected Lesions of the Head and Neck 51 Bone tumors of the head 51 Osteoma 51 Osteosarcoma 51 Mass lesions of the ear canal 54 Aural polyp 54 Ceruminous adenoma 55 Ceruminous carcinoma 56 Mass lesions of the external ear pinna 57 Histiocytoma 57 Squamous cell carcinoma 58 Mass lesions of the conjunctiva and nictitans 59 Papilloma 59 Squamous cell carcinoma 60 Hemangiosarcoma 62 Melanoma 63 Eyelid masses 64 Meibomian gland adenoma 64 Spindle cell tumor 65 Lesions of the oral and nasal mucosal epithelium 66 Eosinophilic inflammation 67 Lymphoplasmacellular inflammation 68 Lymphosarcoma 69 Epulis 70 Acanthomatous epulis 70 Ossifying epulis 71 Viral papilloma 72 Squamous cell carcinoma 73 Melanoma 74 Nasal cavity tumors 76 Adenocarcinoma 76 Chondrosarcoma 77 Mass lesions of the canine and feline muzzle skin 78 Sebaceous gland nodular hyperplasia 78 Sebaceous gland adenoma 79 Sebaceous epithelioma 79 Trichoblastoma (Basal cell tumor) 80 Mast cell tumor 82 Plasma cell tumor 83 Mass lesions of the submandibular region 84 Reactive lymph node 85 Malignant lymphoma 86 Normal salivary gland 87 Salivary mucocele 87 Salivary gland carcinoma 88 Ventral neck masses 89 Thyroid adenoma 90 Thyroid carcinoma 91 Parathyroid adenoma 91 Additional reading 92 3 Selected Lesions of the Limbs Paws and Digits 97 Bone lesions 97 Periosteal hyperplasia 97 Osteosarcoma 97 Subungual tumors 100 Melanoma 100 Squamous cell carcinoma 102 Digital skin and nail bed lesions 103 Calcinosis circumscripta 103 Plasmacellular pododermatitis 104 Papilloma 104 Fibroadnexal hyperplasia 107 Stromal tumors of the limb 108 Canine low‐grade spindle cell tumor 108 Feline spindle cell tumor 110 Lipoma 111 Liposarcoma 113 Synovial sarcoma 114 Additional reading 115 4 Selected Genital and Perineal Masses 119 Perineal masses 119 Rectal polyp 119 Perianal gland adenoma 119 Perianal gland carcinoma 121 Anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma 122 Masses of the external genitalia 124 Transmissible venereal tumor 124 Mast cell tumor 126 Additional reading 126 5 Selected Lesions of the Skin and Subcutis of the Trunk 129 Mass lesions of the dorsal trunk 129 Calcinosis cutis 129 Follicular cyst 129 Cystic adnexal tumors—trichoepithelioma keratoacanthoma 132 Apocrine adenoma 133 Apocrine and sebaceous carcinoma 133 Sebaceous carcinoma 134 Lipoma 136 Canine well‐differentiated spindle cell proliferation 137 Canine spindle cell tumor mid grade 138 Canine spindle cell tumor high grade 139 Feline spindle cell tumor 140 Canine cutaneous lymphoma 144 Mast cell tumor 145 Canine histiocytoma 147 Histiocytosis 148 Dorsal tail head masses 149 Pilomatricoma 149 Melanoma 149 Sebaceous adenoma 151 Perianal gland adenoma 153 Ventral trunk vascular lesions of the skin and subcutis 153 Hemangioma 153 Hemangiosarcoma 154 Mass lesions of the mammary gland 156 Fibroepithelial hyperplasia 156 Mammary gland adenoma 157 Complex adenoma 158 Mixed mammary tumor 159 Mammary carcinoma 160 Additional reading 163 6 Selected Lesions of the Thoracic Viscera 167 Cardiac tumors 167 Hemangiosarcoma 167 Malignant plasma cell tumor 167 Pulmonary mass lesions 170 Pulmonary carcinoma 170 Pulmonary hemangiosarcoma 172 Pulmonary adenomatosis 172 Mediastinal tumors 175 Mediastinal malignant lymphoma 175 Thymoma 177 Additional reading 178 7 Selected Lesions of the Abdominal Viscera 181 Diseases that result in liver enlargement 181 Vacuolar hepatopathy 181 Bile duct hyperplasia 181 Hepatocellular neoplasia 183 Bile duct carcinoma 185 Hepatic hemangiosarcoma 186 Gastrointestinal lesions 187 Eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease 187 Lymphoplasmacellular inflammatory bowel disease 187 Gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma 187 Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma 190 Gastrointestinal spindle cell tumor 190 Kidney and bladder masses 190 Pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis 191 Renal carcinoma 192 Renal malignant lymphoma 193 Urinary bladder cystitis with reactive epithelial hyperplasia 194 Urinary bladder polyp 195 Transitional cell carcinoma 196 Splenomegaly and splenic masses 198 Extramedullary hematopoiesis 198 Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia 198 Malignant lymphoma 198 Mast cell tumor 198 Splenic torsion 202 Splenic hematoma 203 Splenic hemangiosarcoma 204 Splenic histiocytic sarcoma 206 Splenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma 207 Additional reading 209 8 Sample Handling 213 Cytologic specimens 213 Biopsy specimens 219 Histology processing glass slide production and routine staining 224 Additional reading 227 Index 229

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Book SynopsisAtlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis offers an image-based reference for performing canine and feline urinalyses, with hundreds of full-color images depicting techniques, physical characteristics, urine chemistry, and microscopic characteristics of urine sediment in dogs and cats.Trade Review‘The book covers all aspects of urinalysis including appropriate collection, storage, preparation of urine for laboratory analysis, and chemical and microscopic evaluation. It presents practical techniques for urine collection, has many images of sediment structures, and helpful tables that summarize information … This book mirrors those available in human medicine. It is thorough and the images are excellent’ Doody’s, December 2017Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Sample Collection and Handling 3 Collection of Urine Samples 3 Free-Catch Urine Collection 3 Transurethral Catheterization 15 Cystocentesis 37 Urine Sample Handling 44 Culture 44 2 Initial Assessment: Physical Characteristics 47 Volume 47 Color 47 Clarity/Turbidity 48 Odor 48 Urine Specific Gravity 49 3 Urine Chemistry 53 Urine pH 53 Protein 54 Glucose 60 Ketones 61 Blood (Occult Blood, Heme) 63 Bilirubin 64 4 Urine Sediment 67 Preparation for Microscopic Examination 67 Casts 67 Hyaline Casts 68 Cellular Casts 71 Granular Casts 73 Waxy Casts 78 Fatty Casts (Lipid Casts) 79 Hemoglobin Casts 81 Mixed Casts 82 Pseudo Casts 85 Crystals 86 Crystals Associated with Urolith Formation 86 Crystals Not Typically Associated with Canine and Feline Urolith Formation 120 Drug-Induced Crystals 130 Cells 131 Transitional Epithelial Cells 131 Squamous Epithelial Cells 136 Renal Tubular (Cuboidal) Epithelial Cells 140 Leukocytes 141 Erythrocytes 145 Atypical (Neoplastic) Cells 148 Organisms 157 Bacteria 157 Fungal Hyphae 161 Yeast 163 Dioctophyma renale Ova 165 Capillaria plica (now Pearsonema plica) and Capillaria felis cati Ova 166 Microfilaria 168 Miscellaneous Findings and Artifacts 169 Pollen 169 Fungal Spores 170 Mucus 172 Lipid Droplets 173 Sperm 174 Air Bubbles 176 Starch Granules (Glove Powder) 177 Fiber 178 Reference 181 Index 183

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Book SynopsisManual of Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, Second Edition is an updated edition of the popular and highly visual, step-by-step guide to common surgical procedures, including tips and tricks on how to perform surgery faster and easier, written by a highly respected soft tissue surgeon.Table of ContentsContents Contributors xi Acknowledgements xiii Preface xv Section 1: Surgery of the Skin 1 1. Primary Wound Closure 3 2. Lumpectomy and Primary Closure 15 3. Basic Flaps 25 4. Tension-Relieving Techniques 35 5. Full-Thickness Mesh Grafts 45 6. Caudal Superficial Epigastric Axial Pattern Flap 55 7. Mastectomy 61 8. Open Wound Management with a Tie-Over Bandage 73 Section 2: Abdominal Procedures 79 9. Abdominal Incisions 81 10. Umbilical Hernia 93 11. Inguinal Hernia 97 12. Diaphragmatic Hernia 103 13. Splenectomy 111 14. Abdominal Lymph Node Biopsy 117 15. Peritonitis 121 Section 3: Surgery of the Digestive System 131 16. Liver Biopsy 133 17. Pancreatic Biopsy 143 18. Gastrotomy 149 19. Gastrostomy Tube Placement 155 20. Incisional Gastropexy 165 21. Intestinal Biopsy 177 22. Intestinal Foreign Bodies 185 23. Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis 193 24. Enterostomy Tube Placement 203 25. Colopexy 211 26. Rectal Polyp Resection 215 Section 4: Surgery of the Reproductive Tract 221 27. Prepubertal Gonadectomy 223 28. Feline Castration 231 29. Canine Castration 239 30. Cryptorchid Castration 249 31. Prostatic Biopsy 255 32. Prostatic Omentalization 259 33. Ovariohysterectomy and Ovariectomy 265 34. Cesarean Section 283 35. Pyometra 289 36. Episiotomy 295 37. Episioplasty 299 Section 5: Surgery of the Urinary Tract 305 38. Renal Biopsy 307 39. Nephrectomy 315 40. Cystotomy 319 41. Cystostomy Tube Placement 327 42. Urethrotomy 333 43. Scrotal Urethrostomy 339 44. Perineal Urethrostomy in Cats 345 45. Urethral Prolapse 355 Section 6: Perineal Procedures 361 46. Anal Sacculectomy 363 47. Perineal Hernia 371 48. Rectal Prolapse 381 49. Tail Amputation 387 Section 7: Surgery of the Head and Neck 395 50. Oronasal Fistulas 397 51. Lateral Ear Canal Resection 407 52. Vertical Ear Canal Resection 415 53. Mandibular Lymph Node Excision 423 54. Sialoceles 429 55. Stenotic Nares 439 56. Elongated Soft Palate 447 57. Feline Thyroidectomy 457 Section 8: Tube Placement 467 58. Esophagostomy Tube Placement 469 59. Tracheostomy Tube Placement 477 60. Thoracostomy Tube Placement 485 61. Finger-Trap Suture 497 Section 9: Limb and Digit Procedures 503 62. Onychectomy 505 63. Dewclaw Removal 519 64. Toe Amputation 525 65. Rear Limb Amputation 531 66. Forelimb Amputation 545 Section 10: Ophthalmic Techniques 553 67. Enucleation 555 68. Prolapsed Gland of the Third Eyelid 563 69. Entropion Correction 571 70. Temporary Tarsorrhaphy 579 71. Eyelid Wedge Resection 583 Appendix: Absorbable Suture Materials 589 Index 591

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Book SynopsisBreed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats, Third Edition provides a comprehensive exploration of current knowledge of breed predispositions based on rigorous examination of primary research. Incorporates the latest research, new testing methods, and newly-discovered predispositions and diseases Provides expanded information on genetics, epidemiology, and longevity Includes key characteristics of diseases, including pathogenesis, genetics, risks, and common presentations Indexes dogs and cats by breed, with listings of common inherited and predisposed disorders organized by body system Includes absolute and relative frequency/occurrence data for conditions, along with references to further information Trade Review�This third edition focuses on presenting evidence about breed predispositions to increased levels of disease in purebred dogs and cats; and it seems to succeed in including all the best and most recent findings in the existing body of scientific literature. The book is therefore a must for all small animal vets, leading breeders, breed organizations and others tasked with advising on how to improve the welfare of dogs and cats through better breeding.� - Peter Sandøe �The authors have relied on 'evidence-based veterinary medicine,' i.e. a solidly scientific basis for their claims. They have enumerated the problems that arise in hundreds of breeds of dog and cat, and any person contemplating the acquisition of a purebred animal is well- advised to study this book carefully. Doing so can help assure that the animals we profess to love do not live lives of pain, suffering, disease and misery.� - Bernard E. RollinTable of ContentsAuthor Biographies xi Foreword xiii Preface xv Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 Basic and Clinical Genetics 1 Epidemiology 7 Longevity 10 Methods 14 Part I: Dog Breeds 17 Affenpinscher 19 Afghan Hound 19 African Boerboel 20 Airedale Terrier 20 Akbash 21 Akita Inu 21 Alaskan Husky 21 Alaskan Klee Kai 21 Alaskan Malamute 21 Alsatian 22 American Bulldog 22 American Cocker Spaniel 22 American Eskimo 22 American Pit Bull Terrier 22 American Staffordshire Terrier 23 Anatolian Shepherd Dog 24 Australian Cattle Dog 24 Australian Kelpie 25 Australian Shepherd Dog 25 Australian Silky Terrier 26 Australian Terrier 27 Basenji 27 Basset Hound 28 Beagle 29 Bearded Collie 31 Beauceron 32 Bedlington Terrier 32 Belgian Shepherd Dog 32 Berger Blanc Suisse 32 Bernese Mountain Dog 33 Bichon Frise 34 Bloodhound 35 Bolognese 36 Bolonka Zwetna 36 Border Collie 36 Border Terrier 38 Borzoi 38 Boston Terrier 39 Bouvier Des Flandres 40 Boxer 41 Boykin Spaniel 46 Briard 46 British Bulldog 46 Brittany Spaniel 46 Brussels Griffon 47 Buhund 47 Bull Terrier 47 Bull Terrier – Miniature 48 Bulldog – American 49 Bulldog – English 49 Bullmastiff 51 Cairn Terrier 52 Cane Corso 53 Catahoula Leopard Dog 53 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 54 Chesapeake Bay Retriever 56 Chihuahua 56 Chin 57 Chinese Crested Dog 58 Chinese Shar Pei 58 Chow Chow 58 Clumber Spaniel 59 Cocker Spaniel 60 Collies – Rough and Smooth 64 Coonhound 66 Corgi 66 Coton De Tulear 66 Curly‐Coated Retriever 67 Dachshund 67 Dalmatian 70 Dandie Dinmont Terrier 72 Danish Chicken Dog 72 Danish/Swedish Farmdog 72 Deerhound 72 Deutscher Wachtelhund 72 Dobermann Pinscher 72 Dogo Argentino 76 Dogue De Bordeaux 77 Dutch Partridge Dog 77 Dutch Sheepdog 77 Dutch Spaniel 77 Elkhound 77 English Bulldog 77 English Cocker Spaniel 78 English Setter 78 English Shepherd 79 English Springer Spaniel 79 English Toy Spaniel 79 Entlebucher Mountain Dog 79 Eskimo Dog 79 Estrela Mountain Dog 80 Finnish Hound 80 Finnish Lapphund 80 Finnish Spitz 80 Flat‐Coated Retriever 80 Fox Terrier 81 Foxhound 83 French Alpine Mastiff 83 French Bulldog 83 French Mastiff 85 French Spaniel 85 Frisian Water Dog 85 Galgos Español 85 German Pinscher 85 German Shepherd Dog 85 German Spaniel 93 Glen of Imaal Terrier 93 Golden Retriever 93 Gordon Setter 99 Grand Bleu De Gascogne Hound 100 Great Dane 100 Great Pyrenees 104 Greater Swiss Mountain Dog 104 Greyhound 104 Greyhound – Spanish 107 Griffon Bruxellois 107 Hamilton Hound 107 Havanese 108 Hokkaido 108 Hovawart 108 Hungarian Kuvasz 109 Hungarian Puli 110 Hungarian Vizsla 110 Hungarian Water Dog 111 Husky 111 Irish Red and White Setter 111 Irish Setter 111 Irish Terrier 113 Irish Water Spaniel 114 Irish Wolfhound 114 Italian Greyhound 116 Italian Mastiff 116 Italian Spinone 116 Jack Russell Terrier 117 Jämthund 119 Japanese Akita Inu 119 Japanese Chin 121 Japanese Shiba Inu 121 Japanese Tosa 121 Jindo 122 Keeshond 122 Kelpie 123 Kerry Blue Terrier 123 King Charles Spaniel 123 Klee Kai 124 Kooiker Dog 124 Korean Jindo 124 Kromfohrländer 124 Kuvasz 124 Labrador Retriever 124 Lakeland Terrier 131 Lancashire Heeler 131 Lapland Reindeer Dog 131 Lapphund 131 Leonberger 131 Lhasa Apso 132 Lowchen 134 Mah Thai 134 Malamute 134 Maltese 134 Manchester Terrier 136 Mastiff 136 Mastiff (Unspecified) 136 Mcnab Shepherd 137 Mexican Hairless 138 Miniature Bull Terrier 138 Miniature Pinscher 138 Mountain Dog 139 Münsterländer – Pointer 139 Neapolitan Mastiff 139 New Zealand Huntaway 140 Newfoundland 140 Norfolk Terrier 142 Norwegian Buhund 143 Norwegian Elkhound 143 Norwegian Lundehund 144 Norwegian Sheepdog 144 Norwich Terrier 145 Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever 145 Ogar Polski 146 Old English Mastiff 146 Old English Sheepdog 146 Otterhound 147 Papillon 147 Parson Russell Terrier 148 Pekingese 149 Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen 150 Phu Quoc Ridgeback 151 Pinscher – Miniature 151 Pointer 151 Polish Hound 154 Polish Lowland Sheepdog 154 Pomeranian 154 Poodle (Unspecified Variant) 156 Poodle – Miniature 158 Poodle – Standard 161 Poodle – Toy 162 Portuguese Podengo Pequeno 164 Portuguese Water Dog 164 Presa Canario 165 Pug 165 Puli 168 Pyrenean Mountain Dog 168 Pyrenean Shepherd 169 Rat Terrier 170 Red and White Setter 170 Red Kelpie 170 Red Setter 170 Retriever 170 Rhodesian Ridgeback 170 Rottweiler 172 Rough Collie 177 Russian Black Terrier 177 St Bernard 177 Saluki 179 Samoyed 179 Savoy Sheepdog 180 Schapendoes 180 Schipperke 181 Schnauzer (Unspecified Variant) 181 Schnauzer – Giant 181 Schnauzer – Miniature 183 Schnauzer – Standard 187 Scottish Deerhound 187 Scottish Terrier 188 Sealyham Terrier 190 Sennenhund 190 Shar Pei 190 Shetland Sheepdog 192 Shiba Inu 195 Shih Tzu 195 Siberian Husky 198 Silken Windhound 199 Silky Terrier 199 Skye Terrier 199 Sloughi 200 Smooth Collie 200 Soft‐Coated Wheaten Terrier 200 Spanish Greyhound 201 Spanish Mastiff 201 Spanish Water Dog 201 Spinone Italiano 201 Springer Spaniel 201 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 204 Staffordshire Bull Terrier – American 206 Sussex Spaniel 206 Swedish Cattle Dog 206 Swedish Elkhound 206 Swedish Farmdog 207 Swedish Lapphund 207 Swedish Vallhund 207 Swiss Mountain Dog 207 Tenterfield Terrier 208 Thai Ridgeback 208 Tibetan Mastiff 208 Tibetan Spaniel 209 Tibetan Terrier 209 Tosa 210 Treeing Walker Coonhound 210 Turkish Shepherd Dog 210 Vallhund 211 Vizsla 211 Vorstehhund 211 Wachtelhund 211 Weimaraner 211 Welsh Corgi 213 Welsh Springer Spaniel 214 Welsh Terrier 214 West Highland White Terrier 215 Wetterhoun 218 Whippet 218 White Swiss Shepherd Dog 219 Wolfhound – Irish 220 Wolfspitz 220 Yorkshire Terrier 220 Part II: Cat Breeds 225 Abyssinian 227 American Shorthair 229 Asian 229 Australian Mist 229 Balinese 229 Bengal 230 Birman 231 British Shorthair 232 Burmese 233 Chartreux 236 Chinchilla 236 Colourpoint Persian 236 Cornish Rex 236 Devon Rex 236 Egyptian Mau 237 European Shorthair 237 Exotic Shorthair 238 Foreign Shorthair 238 Foreign White 238 Havana Brown 238 Himalayan 239 Japanese Bobtail 240 Javanese 240 Korat 240 La Perm 241 Maine Coon 241 Manx 242 Norwegian Forest Cat 243 Ocicat 244 Oriental Shorthair 244 Persian 245 Ragdoll 247 Russian Blue 249 Savannah 249 Scottish Fold 249 Seychellois 249 Siamese 249 Siberian Forest Cat 253 Singapura 253 Snowshoe 253 Somali 254 Sphynx 254 Tonkinese 255 Turkish Angora 255 Turkish Van 255 Part III: Disease Descriptions 257 References 305

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Book SynopsisGuide to Canine and Feline Electrocardiography offers a comprehensive and readable guide to the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal heart rhythms in cats and dogs. Covers all aspects of electrocardiography, from basics to advanced concepts of interest to specialistsExplains how to obtain high-quality electrocardiogramsOffers expert insight and guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of simple and complex arrhythmias alikeFeatures numerous case examples, with electrocardiograms and Holter monitor recordingsShows the characteristics of normal and abnormal heart rhythms in dogs and catsIncludes access to a website with self-assessment questions and the appendices and figures from the book Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 Anatomy of the Conduction System 1Pedro Oliveira 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology 9Antonia Mavropoulou 3 Cardiac Vectors and the Genesis of the Electrocardiogram 21Pedro Oliveira 4 Electrocardiography 35Ruth Willis 5 Sinus Rhythms 57Ruth Willis 6 Pathogenesis and Classification of Arrhythmias 67Antonia Mavropoulou 7 Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 79Ruth Willis 8 Atrial Rhythms 109Pedro Oliveira 9 Atrial Fibrillation 127Ruth Willis 10 Junctional Rhythms 147Pedro Oliveira 11 Ventricular Rhythms 169Antonia Mavropoulou 12 Clinical Approach to Arrhythmias and Intermittent Collapse 189Ruth Willis 13 Diagnostic Approach to Narrow‐QRS Complex Tachycardia 201Antonia Mavropoulou 14 Diagnostic Approach to Wide‐QRS Complex Tachycardia 211Antonia Mavropoulou 15 Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Recordings 219Ruth Willis 16 Heart Rate Variability 231Domingo Casamian‐Sorrosal 17 Anti‐arrhythmic Drugs 241Joel Freitas da Silva 18 Pacemaker Therapy 255Simon Swift 19 Electrophysiology Studies and Catheter Ablation 271Pedro Oliveira and Martin Lowe 20 Arrhythmias in Canine Cardiomyopathies and Valvular Heart Disease 285Gerhard Wess and Marin Torti 21 Arrhythmias in Feline Cardiomyopathies 301Erin L. Anderson 22 Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmias in German Shepherd Dogs 315Thibault Ribas and Romain Pariaut 23 Systemic Disease and Arrhythmias, Including Selected Non‐cardiogenic Causes of Collapse 319Jon Wray 24 Cardiac Arrhythmias and Anaesthesia 337Frances Downing and Louise Clark Appendix 1 Normal ECG Measurements for Cats and Dogs 349 Appendix 2 Arrhythmias – A Brief Review 351 Appendix 3 Mean Electrical Axis 381 Appendix 4 Anti‐Arrhythmic Drugs and Dosages 387 Appendix 5 Sample ECG Reports 389 Self-assessment 393 Index 425

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Book SynopsisAdvances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament, Second Edition presents in-depth, focused, and updated coverage of current knowledge on cruciate ligament rupture, using a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach.Table of ContentsAbout the Editor xi Foreword to the Second Edition xiiiKenneth A. Johnson Foreword xvR. Randy Basinger, ACVS Foundation Preface xviiPeter Muir Acknowledgements xixPeter Muir Contributing Authors xxi I Structure and Function 1 Introduction 1Peter Muir 1 Morphology and Function of the Cruciate Ligaments 3Hilde de Rooster and Eithne Comerford 2 Biomechanics of the Cruciate Ligaments 13Susannah J. Sample 3 Cruciate Ligament Remodeling and Repair 21Connie S. Chamberlain, Erin E. Crowley, and Ray Vanderby Jr. 4 Meniscal Structure and Function 31Antonio Pozzi and James L. Cook 5 Biomechanics of the Normal and Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle 39Antonio Pozzi and Stanley E. Kim II Etiopathogenesis of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 45 Introduction 45Peter Muir 6 Histology of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 47Kei Hayashi 7 Genetics of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 57Lauren A. Baker and Peter Muir 8 Cruciate Ligament Matrix Metabolism and Development of Laxity 65Eithne Comerford 9 Morphological Risk Factors for Cruciate Ligament Rupture 73Eithne Comerford 10 Role of Nitric Oxide Production and Matrix Protease Activity in Cruciate Ligament Degeneration 81David E. Spreng and Simone Forterre 11 Role of Antibodies to Collagen Type I and II 89Hilde de Rooster and Eithne Comerford 12 Synovitis Precedes Stifle Instability Associated with Cruciate Ligament Rupture 93Jason A. Bleedorn 13 Role of Synovial Immune Responses in Stifle Synovitis 101Peter Muir III Clinical Features 107 Introduction 107Peter Muir 14 Epidemiology of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 109Lauren A. Baker and Peter Muir 15 History and Clinical Signs of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 115Peter Muir 16 Partial Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament 119Peter Muir 17 Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture 123Peter Muir 18 Stress Imaging of the Stifle 127Stanley E. Kim 19 Stifle Ultrasonography 135Cristi R. Cook 20 Computed Tomography (CT) of the Stifle 141Ingrid Gielen and Henri van Bree 21 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Stifle 155Peter V. Scrivani 22 Risk Prediction of Cruciate Ligament Rupture using Stifle Diagnostic Imaging 165Peter Muir IV Surgical Treatment 169 Introduction 169Peter Muir 23 Arthroscopy and Arthrotomy of the Stifle 171Brian S. Beale, Donald A. Hulse, Antonio Pozzi, and Peter Muir 24 Joint Lavage 185Peter Muir 25 Extracapsular Stabilization 189Selena Tinga and Stanley E. Kim 26 Intra-Articular Repair for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in the Dog 201Jeffery J. Biskup and Michael G. Conzemius 27 Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy 217Susan L. Schaefer 28 Tibial Tuberosity Advancement 227Randy J. Boudrieau 29 Closing Cranial Wedge Ostectomy and Triple Tibial Osteotomy 243Simon C. Roe 30 Treatment of Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle 253Michael P. Kowaleski 31 Surgical Management of Cruciate Ligament Rupture Combined with Patella Luxation 261Anke Langenbach and Denis J. Marcellin-Little 32 Biomechanics of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle Treated by Tibial Osteotomies 271Antonio Pozzi, Stanley E. Kim, and Selena Tinga 33 Arthroscopic Follow-Up after Surgical Stabilization of the Stifle 279Brian S. Beale and Donald A. Hulse 34 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Debridement 291David E. Spreng 35 Surgical Treatment of Concurrent Meniscal Injury 295Samuel P. Franklin, James L. Cook, and Antonio Pozzi 36 Meniscal Release 301Antonio Pozzi and James L. Cook 37 Progression of Osteoarthritis after Stifle Stabilization Surgery 307Susannah J. Sample 38 Clinical Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 313Mary Sarah Bergh and Steven C. Budsberg 39 Success and Failure after Stifle Stabilization Surgery 317Michael G. Conzemius and Richard B. Evans 40 Diagnosis and Management of Orthopaedic Infection after Stifle Surgery 323Noël M.M. Moens V Medical Management of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 331 Introduction 331Peter Muir 41 Medical Therapy for Stifle Osteoarthritis 333Steven C. Budsberg 42 Rehabilitation for Dogs with Cruciate Ligament Rupture 343Denis J. Marcellin-Little and Courtney J. Arnoldy VI Future Directions 353 Introduction 353Peter Muir 43 Clinical Research Design and Patient-Oriented Outcomes 355Dorothy Cimino Brown 44 Total Knee Replacement in the Dog 363Matthew J. Allen, William D. Liska, and Valentina Brioschi 45 Regenerative Medicine and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair 371Gabriel S. Perrone, Martha M. Murray, and Patrick Vavken 46 Disease-Modifying Medical and Cell-Based Therapy 379Susannah J. Sample and Peter Muir Index 385

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Book SynopsisThe classic quick reference to feline medicine with essential information on diseases, behavior, clinical procedures, and more Comprehensive yet accessible, this fully updated new edition of The Feline Patient offers more than 300 chapters covering all aspects of feline veterinary practice. The book arranges topics alphabetically within sections, allowing busy clinicians to rapidly find information on diagnostics and treatment options, all specific to the unique needs of cats. Omitting lengthy discussions on pathophysiology in favor of an emphasis on clinically relevant information for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, the book's approach is carefully designed for use in the clinical setting. The Feline Patient, Fifth Edition includes 30 additional chapters, along with new clinical pearls providing observations about diseases and procedures gleaned by Dr. Norsworthy over his forty-five years of clinical practice, which are called out in boxes. With clinically oriented images throughTable of ContentsContributors xiii Preface xvi Norsworthy’s Notes xvii About the Companion Website xviii Section 1: Diseaases and Conditions 1 Acetaminophen Toxicosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 3 2 Acne Jason B. Pieper 5 3 Acromegaly Sharon Fooshee Grace 7 4 Actinomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 9 5 Adenocarcinoma and Carcinoma John Metcalfe Thomason 12 6 Amyloidosis Andrew Sparkes 14 7 Anal Sac Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 16 8 Anaplasmosis (Ehrlichiosis) Sharon Fooshee Grace 18 9 Anemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 20 10 Anorexia Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 23 11 Aortic Stenosis Larry P. Tilley 25 12 Arrhythmias Michael S. Miller and Larry P. Tilley 27 13 Ascites Larry P. Tilley 30 14 Aspergillosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 32 15 Aspirin Toxicosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 35 16 Atopic Dermatitis Sarah O’Neill 37 17 Bartonellosis John Metcalfe Thomason 40 18 Basal Cell Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 42 19 Biliary Cysts Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 44 20 Bite Wounds by Canines Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 47 21 Bite Wounds by Felines Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 49 22 Blastomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 52 23 Blindness Karen R. Brantman 55 24 Bordetella Infection Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 57 25 Brachial Plexus Neuropathy Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 59 26 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome Ryan Butler, Mac Maxwell, and Gary D. Norsworthy 60 27 Bronchial Disease, Chronic Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 63 28 Calicivirus Infection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 68 29 Carcinomatosis Bradley R. Schmidt 71 30 Cataracts Charles H. Bonney 74 31 Ceruminous Gland Disease Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 77 32 Cervical Ventroflexion Elizabeth J. Colleran 80 33 Chlamydophila Infection Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 82 34 Chylothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 85 35 Cobalamin Deficiency Jo¨rg M. Steiner 89 36 Coccidioidomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 91 37 Coccidiosis, Enteric Elizabeth J. Colleran 93 38 Constipation Obstipation Sharon Fooshee Grace 95 39 Corneal Ulcers Gwen H. Sila and Casey C. Robinson 97 40 Coughing Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 102 41 Cryptococcosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 104 42 Cryptosporidiosis Jennifer Lavallee 107 43 Cutaneous Markers of Systemic Disease Jason B. Pieper 109 44 Cuterebriasis Sharon Fooshee Grace 112 45 Cystitis, Idiopathic Tatiana Weissova and Gary D. Norsworthy 114 46 Cytauxzoonosis Jennifer Lavallee and Gary D. Norsworthy 120 47 Dermatophytosis SarahO’Neill 122 48 Diabetes Insipidus Andrew Sparkes 127 49 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Complications Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 129 50 Diabetes Mellitus, Loose Control Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 131 51 Diabetes Mellitus, Tight Control and Remission Audrey K. Cook 133 52 Diabetes Mellitus, Traditional Control Audrey K. Cook 136 53 Diabetic Ketoacidosis Audrey K. Cook 139 54 Diaphragmatic Hernia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 142 55 Diarrhea John Metcalfe Thomason 146 56 Digital Diseases Elizabeth Colleran 149 57 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Larry P. Tilley 152 58 Draining Tracts and Nodules Sarah O’Neill 158 59 Dysautonomia Karen Lovelace Tofte 164 60 Dyspnea Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 166 61 Dystocia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 168 62 Dysuria, Pollakiuria, and Stranguria Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 171 63 Ear Mites Sharon Fooshee Grace 173 64 Envenomization:Arachnids Tatiana Weissova 175 65 Envenomization: Insects Tatiana Weissova 179 66 Envenomization: Snakes Tatiana Weissova 182 67 Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex Sarah O’Neill 186 68 Eosinophilic Keratoconjunctivitis Lindsey N. Pelych and Gwen H. Sila 190 69 Esophageal Disease Andrew Sparkes 193 70 Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Tatiana Weissova and Gary D. Norsworthy 198 71 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Jo¨rg M. Steiner 202 72 Eyelid Diseases and Surgery Lindsey N. Pelych and Gwen H. Sila 204 73 Feline Enteric Coronavirus Infection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 208 74 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Sharon Fooshee Grace 210 75 Feline Infectious Peritonitis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 212 76 Feline Leukemia Virus Diseases Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Gary D. Norsworthy 215 77 Femoral Neck Osteopathy Justin Harper 220 78 Fever Jennifer Lavallee 223 79 Flea Allergy Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 225 80 Fleas Sharon Fooshee Grace 228 81 Flukes: Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 230 82 Food Reactions Jason B. Pieper 233 83 Giardiasis Jennifer Lavallee 235 84 Glaucoma Charles H. Bonney 237 85 Glomerulonephritis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 240 86 Granulosa-theca Cell Tumor Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza 242 87 Heartworm Disease and Heartworm-associated Respiratory Disease Jane E. Brunt 244 88 Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia and Methemoglobinemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 248 89 Helicobacter Infection Courtney North 250 90 Hemangiosarcoma Bradley R. Schmidt 252 91 Hemoplasmosis Sharon Fooshee Grace and Gary D. Norsworthy 255 92 Hepatic Lipidosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 258 93 Hepatitis, Inflammatory Sharon Fooshee Grace 262 94 Herpesvirus Infection Sharon Fooshee Grace 267 95 High-rise Syndrome Elizabeth Colleran 270 96 Histoplasmosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 272 97 Hookworms Jennifer Lavallee 276 98 Horner’s Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 278 99 Hydronephrosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 280 100 Hyperadrenocorticism Karen Lovelace Tofte 283 101 Hyperaldosteronism, Primary (Conn’s Disease) Andrew Sparkes 286 102 Hypercalcemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 289 103 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 292 104 Hyperesthesia Syndrome Jennifer Lavallee 294 105 Hyperkalemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 296 106 Hyperparathyroidism Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 299 107 Hypertension, Systemic Beate Egner 303 108 Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy Beate Egner 308 109 Hyperthyroidism Jennifer Lavallee, James K. Olson, and Gary D. Norsworthy 311 110 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Larry P. Tilley 316 111 Hypoadrenocorticism Karen Lovelace Tofte 324 112 Hypoalbuminemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 326 113 Hypocalcemia Karen Lovelace Tofte 329 114 Hypokalemia Audrey K. Cook 332 115 Hypomagnesemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 334 116 Hypophosphatemia Stephanie Gandy Murphy 336 117 Icterus Sharon Fooshee Grace 338 118 Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 341 119 Ileus Anthony P. Carr 344 120 Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia Anthony P. Carr 347 121 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Courtney North 349 122 Inflammatory Polyps and Masses Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 352 123 Intraocular Tumors Karen R. Brantman 355 124 Ischemic Encephalopathy Sharon Fooshee Grace 358 125 Keratitis and Conjunctivitis Charles H. Bonney 360 126 Kidneys, Abnormal Size Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 365 127 Laryngeal Disease Andrew Sparkes 367 128 Leprosy Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 371 129 Linear Foreign Bodies Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 374 130 Lumbosacral Disease and Spondylosis Deformans Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 377 131 Lung Parasites Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 379 132 Lymphoma Bradley R. Schmidt 381 133 Malassezia Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 384 134 Mammary Hyperplasia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 385 135 Mammary Neoplasia Bradley R. Schmidt 387 136 Manx Syndrome Jennifer Lavallee 390 137 Mast Cell Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 393 138 Megacolon Anthony P. Carr 396 139 Meningioma Sharon Fooshee Grace 401 140 Mesothelioma Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 403 141 Metaldehyde Toxicosis Tatiana Weissova 405 142 Miliary Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 407 143 Mitral Valve Dysplasia Larry P. Tilley 408 144 Mosquito Bite Hypersensitivity Jason B. Pieper 410 145 Murmurs Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 412 146 Myasthenia Gravis Paula A. Schuerer and Sharon Fooshee Grace 414 147 Mycobacterial Diseases, Rapidly Growing Sharon Fooshee Grace 416 148 Myiasis Elizabeth Colleran 418 149 Nasal and Frontal Sinus Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 420 150 Nasopharyngeal Disease Arnold Plotnick 422 151 Neonatal Isoerythrolysis Sharon Fooshee Grace 424 152 Neurogenic Bladder Sharon Fooshee Grace 426 153 Nocardiosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 428 154 Obesity Christopher J. H. Simpson 430 155 Oral Neoplasia Bradley R. Schmidt 435 156 Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 438 157 Osteoarthritis and Degenerative Joint Disease Andrew Sparkes 440 158 Otitis Externa Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 443 159 Otitis Media and Interna Sharon Fooshee Grace 448 160 Ovarian Remnant Syndrome Erin O’Docharty Dresner 451 161 Palatine Arterial Bleeding Richard Malik 453 162 Pancreatitis, Acute Jo¨rg M. Steiner 457 163 Pancreatitis, Chronic Jo¨rg M. Steiner 460 164 Panleukopenia (Feline Parvovirus Infection) Sharon Fooshee Grace 462 165 Panniculitis and Steatitis Anthony P. Carr 465 166 Paraneoplastic Syndromes John Metcalfe Thomason 467 167 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Larry P. Tilley 469 168 Pectus Excavatum Sharon Fooshee Grace 472 169 Pemphigus Foliaceus Sarah O’Neill 474 170 Perinephric Pseudocysts Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 477 171 Peritonitis, Septic Sharon Fooshee Grace 481 172 Plague Sharon Fooshee Grace 485 173 Plant Toxicities Karen Lovelace Tofte 487 174 Pleural Effusion Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 497 175 Pneumothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 500 176 Pododermatitis, Plasmacytic Melanie J. Dobromylskyj, Richard Malik, and Gary D. Norsworthy 503 177 Polyarthritis, Immune-mediated Christopher J. H. Simpson 506 178 Polycystic Kidney Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 509 179 Polyuria and Polydipsia John Metcalfe Thomason 512 180 Portosystemic Shunts Jonathan A. Lidbury 514 181 Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 517 182 Pulmonary Fibrosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 520 183 Pulmonic Stenosis Larry P. Tilley 522 184 Pyelonephritis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 524 185 Pyometra and Mucometra Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 527 186 Pyothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 530 187 Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 533 188 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in Somali and Abyssinian Cats Stella de Faria Valle 534 189 Rabies Elizabeth Colleran 536 190 Recreational Drug Toxicosis Tatiana Weissova 538 191 Rectal Disease Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza and Katia Barão Corgozinho 542 192 Refeeding Syndrome Karen Lovelace Tofte 545 193 Renal Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 548 194 Renal Failure, Acute Sharon Fooshee Grace 551 195 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Michael S. Miller and Larry P. Tilley 555 196 Retinal Disease Karen R. Brantman 558 197 Rodenticide Toxicosis Jennifer Lavallee 562 198 Roundworms Jennifer Lavallee 564 199 Salmonellosis John Metcalfe Thomason 566 200 Sarcomas, Injection Site Sharon Fooshee Grace 568 201 Sarcoma, Other John Metcalfe Thomason 571 202 Scottish Fold Osteochondrodysplasia Sharon Fooshee Grace 574 203 Seizures Sharon Fooshee Grace 576 204 Skin Parasites Jason B. Pieper 580 205 Small Bowel Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy 585 206 Sporotrichosis Jennifer Lavallee 588 207 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cutaneous Bradley R. Schmidt 590 208 Stomach Worms John Metcalfe Thomason 594 209 Stomatitis-Gingivitis Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 596 210 Stud Tail Jason B. Pieper 600 211 Tail-pull Injuries Sharon Fooshee Grace 601 212 Tapeworms Jennifer Lavallee 604 213 Temporomandibular Joint Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 606 214 Tetanus Sharon Fooshee Grace 610 215 Tetralogy of Fallot Larry P. Tilley and Michael S. Miller 613 216 Thiamine Deficiency Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 616 217 Third Eyelid Diseases Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 618 218 Thromboembolic Disease Larry P. Tilley 621 219 Thymoma Bradley R. Schmidt 625 220 Tooth Resorption Jan Bellows 628 221 Toxoplasmosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Sharon Fooshee Grace 632 222 Tracheal Disease Andrew Sparkes 635 223 Triad Disease Anthony P. Carr 639 224 Trichobezoars Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 642 225 Tritrichomoniasis Jennifer Lavallee 645 226 Ureteral Obstruction Rhett Marshall and Marcus Gunew 648 227 Urethral Obstruction Rhett Marshall and Marcus Gunew 654 228 Urinary Bladder Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 659 229 Urolithiasis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 662 230 Uveitis Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 666 231 Ventricular Septal Defect Larry P. Tilley 670 232 Vestibular Syndrome Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 673 233 Viral Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 675 234 Vitamin A Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 678 235 Vitamin D Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 680 236 Vomiting Jennifer Lavallee 682 237 Weight Loss Anthony P. Carr 685 238 Zoonotic Diseases Jennifer Lavallee 688 Section 2: Behavior 239 Aggression, Human Directed Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 699 240 Aggression, Intercat Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 703 241 Behavioral Pharmaceuticals Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 707 242 Environmental Enrichment in the Home Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 711 243 Environmental Enrichment in the Hospital Gary D. Norsworthy and Linda Schmeltzer 716 244 Housesoiling Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 719 245 Psychogenic Alopecia Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 724 246 Urine Marking Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 728 Section 3: Surgery 247 Bulla Osteotomy, Ventral Approach Don R. Waldron 733 248 Colectomy Don R. Waldron 739 249 Corneal Surgery Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 744 250 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 747 251 Cryptorchidism Surgery Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 749 252 Dental Extraction Techniques Jan Bellows 752 253 Esophagostomy Tube Placement Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 756 254 Frontal Sinus Obliteration Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 760 255 Gastrostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 761 256 Hypothermia, Surgical Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 764 257 Jejunostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 766 258 Laparotomy for Chronic Small Bowel Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 770 259 Laser Surgery, CO2 John C. Godbold, Jr. 772 260 Lip Avulsion Reattachment Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 775 261 Luxating Patella Otto I. Lanz 777 262 Mandibular Symphyseal Separation Don R. Waldron 780 263 Mastectomy Don R. Waldron 782 264 Maxillomandibular Fixation Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 785 265 Nasopharyngeal Mass Removal Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 787 266 Nephrolith Removal Don R. Waldron 790 267 Onychectomy Don R. Waldron 793 268 Oronasal Fistula Repair Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza and Katia Barão Corgozinho 796 269 Pain Management Sabine Tacke 803 270 Perivulvar Skin Fold Removal Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 807 271 Ranula Gary D. Norsworthy 810 272 Rhinotomy Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 812 273 Skin Flaps, Local Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 815 274 Thoracostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 819 275 Thyroidectomy Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 822 276 Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy Don R. Waldron 826 277 Urethrostomy, Perineal Don R. Waldron 830 278 Urethrostomy, Perineal: Repair Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 834 279 Urethrostomy, Prepubic Don R. Waldron 838 280 Uretrotomy Don R. Waldron 840 281 Urinary Bladder Marsupialization Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 842 Section 4: Cytology 282 Adenocarcinoma Amy C. Valenciano and Rick L. Cowell 847 283 Ascites Kathryn Jacocks 849 284 Atypical Bacterial Infections Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 851 285 Hepatic Lipidosis Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 853 286 Inflammation versus Neoplasia Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 855 287 Lymph Node Disease Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 863 288 Lymphoma Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 866 289 Mast Cell Tumors Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 868 290 Plasma Cell Inflammation and Neoplasia Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 870 291 Pleural Effusions Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 872 292 Sample Staining Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 876 293 Sarcoma Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 879 294 Systemic Fungal Diseases Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 881 295 Transtracheal Wash Hemosiderosis Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 884 Section 5: Clinical Procedures 296 Blood Gas Analysis Eduardo Raposo Monteiro and Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 889 297 Blood Transfusion Sharon Fooshee Grace 892 298 Bone Marrow Aspiration John Metcalfe Thomason 895 299 Cardiopulmonary Arrest Medora B. Pashmakova 898 300 Central Venous Catheter Placement Medora B. Pashmakova and James W. Barr 902 301 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection (Atlanto-Occipital) Sharon Fooshee Grace 905 302 Endoscopic Applications Audrey K. Cook 907 303 Enteral Nutrition Anthony P. Carr 917 304 Euthanasia Elizabeth Colleran 920 305 Fine-needle Biopsy John Metcalfe Thomason 924 306 Fluid Therapy Sharon Fooshee Grace 926 307 Fluid Therapy for Shock Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Leandro Fadel 930 308 Jugular Blood Collection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 933 309 Lymphoma, Chemotherapy Bradley R. Schmidt 935 310 Ophthalmic Examination Karen R. Brantman 940 311 Orogastric Tube Feeding Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 943 312 Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism Jennifer Lavallee, James K. Olson, and Gary D. Norsworthy 945 313 Restraint Techniques and Devices Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 947 314 Testing Procedures Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 950 Section 6: Topics of Special Interest 315 Age Approximation Karen Lovelace Tofte 955 316 Aging Changes in Cats Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 958 317 Body Surface Area Conversion Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 961 318 Calcitriol in Feline Patients Joao Felipe de Brito Galvao and Dennis J. Chew 962 319 Catnip Effects in Cats Sharon Fooshee Grace 967 320 Echocardiographic Tables Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 968 321 Electrocardiographic Tables Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 970 322 End of Life Issues William Ray Folger 971 323 Genetic Diseases Jerold S. Bell 974 324 History of Feline-only Practice and Feline Medicine in the United States Gary D. Norsworthy 977 325 Normal Laboratory Values Gary D. Norsworthy, Lisa M. Restine, and Anne Romeo 991 326 Nutrition Debra L. Zoran 993 327 Palliative and Hospice Care Alice E. Villalobos 997 328 Polydactylism Sharon Fooshee Grace 1000 329 Pulse Wave Analysis Beate Egner 1002 330 Purring Sharon Fooshee Grace 1006 331 Vibrissae Sharon Fooshee Grace 1008 332 Drug Formulary Gary D. Norsworthy, Lisa M. Restine, and Anne Romeo 1010 Index 1049

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Book SynopsisCanine and Feline Geriatric Oncology: Honoring the Human-Animal Bond, Second Edition provides a complete clinical approach to the most common neoplasias in geriatric dogs and cats. Provides the tools needed to diagnose and treat aging pets with cancer and to help clients make the best decisions for themselves and their animals Addresses the what-ifs that often arise during interactions with clients of aging pets with cancer and helps to determine when a pet should enter the hospice phase Features many vignettes and real-life case studies to demonstrate the issues faced by clinicians and owners dealing with older dogs and cats with cancer and end-of-life issues Fully updated and expanded with new and revised information, including new knowledge on palliative and hospice care and self-care techniques for carers Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Introduction xix Part One Chapter 1 Molecular Biology of Cancer and Aging 3 Chapter 2 Caring for Geriatric Cancer Patients: The Concept of Pawspice and What Is Needed Aside from Medical Care 29 Part Two Chapter 3 The Warning Signs of Cancer in Geriatric Pets 53 Chapter 4 Basic Types of Cancer and Their Biological Behavior 101 Chapter 5 Generating the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer in Geriatric Pets 117 Part Three Chapter 6 Treating Cancer in Geriatric Pets 153 Principles and Philosophic Perspective for Treating Geriatric Cancer Patients 153 The Role of Surgery in Cancer Management and “When is It Too Much Surgery” 162 Chemotherapy in the Management of Geriatric Cancer 171 Adverse Effects of Cancer Therapy in Geriatric Pets 188 The Role of Radiation Therapy in Cancer Management 208 Immunotherapy, Cancer Vaccines, and Gene Therapy 216 Chemoprevention and Immunonutrition for Cancer Patients 223 Integrative and Alternative Medicine 234 Electrochemotherapy (ECT)/Electroporation (EP) 239 Metronomic Chemotherapy in Dogs 246 Chapter 7 Pain Control for the Geriatric Cancer Patient 265 Chapter 8 Decision Making with Advanced and Recurrent Cancer in the Geriatric Patient 301 Chapter 9 When and How to Decide That a Geriatric Cancer Patient Is Terminal 345 Chapter 10 Palliative Care: End of Life “Pawspice” Care 367 Chapter 11 Euthanasia for the Geriatric Cancer Patient 399 Chapter 12 The Veterinary Professional/Client Relationship: Supporting Your Clients – Supporting Yourselves 419 Chapter 13 Professional Support: The Well-Being of the Veterinarian and the Team 443 Appendix 1 Specific Tumor Protocols 451 Appendix 2 Handouts for Clients 465 Appendix 3 Canine and Feline Anatomy 477 Index 485

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors xx Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxiv 1 Integration of Nutrition into Clinical Practice 1 Sean J. Delaney, Andrea J. Fascetti, Jennifer A. Larsen, and Paul Brentson Introduction 1 Average Revenue from Food Sales and the Potential 1 Strategies to Increase Product Sales 2 Recommending an Effective Therapeutic Food 2 Establishing Expectations 2 Performing a Nutritional Assessment 3 Monitoring Patient Response 3 Providing a Variety of Options 3 Recommending Therapeutic Treats 4 Recommending Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements 4 Creating or Increasing Revenue from Nutritional Advice 4 Nutritional Advice for Healthy Patients 5 Nutritional Advice for Unhealthy Patients 7 References 7 2 Basic Nutrition Overview 8 Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti Energy 8 Energy Requirements 9 Essential Nutrients 9 Protein and Amino Acids 10 Fat 12 Carbohydrates 13 Minerals 13 Macrominerals 13 Trace Minerals (Microminerals) 14 Vitamins 14 Water Soluble 14 Fat Soluble 14 Storage Pools for Essential Nutrients 15 Essential Nutrient Deficiency Signs and Clinically Available or Relevant Methods of Assessing Nutrient Status 15 Protein 16 Amino Acids 16 Arginine 16 Histidine 16 Isoleucine 16 Leucine 16 Lysine 16 Methionine (Spared by Cystine) 16 Phenylalanine (Spared by Tyrosine) 17 Threonine 17 Tryptophan 17 Valine 17 Taurine 17 Fat 17 Linoleic Acid 17 Arachidonic Acid (Cat, Not Dog) 18 Minerals 18 Macrominerals (Typically Required at 100 mg/Mcal) 18 Calcium 18 Phosphorus 18 Magnesium 18 Sodium 18 Potassium 18 Chloride 19 Microminerals (Typically Required at <100 mg/Mcal) 19 Iron 19 Copper 19 Zinc 19 Manganese 19 Selenium 19 Iodine 19 Vitamins 20 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 20 Vitamin A 20 Vitamin d 20 Vitamin E 20 Vitamin K 20 Water-Soluble Vitamins 20 Thiamin, Vitamin B 1 20 Riboflavin, Vitamin B 2 21 Pyridoxine, Vitamin B 6 21 Niacin, Vitamin B 3 21 Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B 5 21 Cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 21 Folic Acid, Vitamin B 9 22 Biotin, Vitamin H or B 7 22 Choline 22 Diagnostic and Food Analysis Laboratories and Diet Computer Analysis 25 Nutrient Requirements 25 Key Clinical Nutritional Excesses and Signs 26 Additional Education on Nutrition 27 References 27 3 Determining Energy Requirements 29 Jon J. Ramsey Units 29 Basic Concepts and Terminology 30 Diet Records or History 32 Calculating the Energy Content of a Diet 33 Practical Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Dog and Cat Foods 37 Calculating Energy Requirement from Body Weight 39 Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 39 Methods of Calculating Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 42 Energy Requirements for Maintenance 42 Example Calculation 47 Example Calculation 48 Example Calculation 48 Energy Requirements for Growth 48 Example Calculation 50 Energy Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation 51 Example Calculation 52 Calculating Energy Requirements in States of Disease 53 Summary 55 References 56 4 Nutritional and Energy Requirements for Performance 58 Richard C. Hill How Much Should Exercising Dogs Be Fed? 58 Energy Requirements for Performance and Work 59 Types of Exercise and Nutrient Requirements 62 The Importance of Training 64 Nutritional Recommendations for Dogs Undertaking Different Types of Exercise 64 Long-Distance Submaximal Aerobic Exercise 65 Short-Distance Supramaximal Anaerobic Exercise 66 Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements, Hydration, and “Sports Drinks” 67 Antioxidants 68 Other Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Essential Nutrients 68 Other Nutritional Supplements 68 Time of Feeding 69 Summary 69 References 69 5 Pet Food and Supplement Regulations: Practical Implications 72 David A. Dzanis and Isabel Marzo US Regulation 72 US Regulation of Pet Foods and Supplements 72 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 72 US Regulatory Oversight 73 General Labeling Requirements 74 Labeling Claims 77 Descriptive Terms 77 Supplements 78 Therapeutic Pet Foods 79 Dog Chews 83 Summary 83 European Union Regulation 83 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 84 General Pet Food Regulations 85 Complementary Pet Food: Composition, Uses, and Labeling 86 Feed Additives 87 Claims 87 Labeling 87 Dietetic Pet Food 90 Practical Implications 95 Summary 96 References 96 6 Using Pet Food Labels and Product Guides 98 Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti “Reading” a Pet Food Label 98 Overview of Regulatory Oversight 98 Principal Display Panel or Front Display Panel 98 Product Name 99 Back Panel 99 Nutritional Adequacy 100 Ingredient Declaration 100 Nutrient Concentrations or Guaranteed Analysis 101 Company’s Contact Information 101 Feeding Directions or Guidelines 101 Calorie Content 101 Caloric Distribution Calculation 102 Using Product Brochures and Guides 103 Converting Nutrient Concentrations to a Dry Matter Basis 103 Converting Nutrient Concentrations to an Energy Basis 104 Converting to Other Units 104 Product Guide Recommendations for Conditions and Diseases 104 Summary 105 Recommended Resources 105 7 Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 106 Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 108 How Much to Feed 108 When and How to Feed 112 Free-Choice (Ad Libitum, Self-Feeding) 112 Time-Restricted Meal Feeding 113 Portion-Controlled Feeding 113 Snacks and Treats 113 Jerky Treats and Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs 115 What to Feed 116 Feeding Guidelines for Different Life Stages 117 Gestation and Lactation 117 Cats 117 Dogs 118 Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation 119 Assessment 119 Growth 119 Orphan Kittens and Puppies 119 Assessment 120 Weaning to Adult 120 Kittens 120 Puppies 120 Neutering and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Kittens and Puppies 121 Assessment 122 Adult Cats and Dogs 122 Assessment 122 Senior Dogs and Cats 122 Physiological Changes Associated with Aging 123 Nutrient Requirements of Older Pets 126 Feeding Recommendations for Mature Dogs and Cats 128 Summary 129 References 129 8 Commercial and Home-Prepared Diets 136 Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney Introduction 136 Commercial Diets 136 Types of Pet Foods 136 Dry Food 136 Moist Foods 137 Semi-Moist Foods 137 Raw 138 Terminology 138 Market Segments 140 Commercial Dog and Cat Diet Formulation and Considerations 140 Ingredient Database Population 140 Ingredient Safety and Legality First 140 Ingredient Regulatory Considerations 141 Ingredient Availability and Cost 141 Establishing Reliable Nutrient Profiles for Ingredients 142 Ingredient Procurement 143 Sustainability 143 Consistency 143 Ingredient Declaration 144 Formulation Software 144 Options 144 Limitations 145 Equipment 145 Extruder 145 Canning/Retorting Line 146 Availability of Pilot Plant or Line 146 Guaranteed Analysis Target 146 Ingredient Declaration Order 147 Functionality 147 Shelf Life 147 Palatability 148 Least Cost 148 Stool Quality and Digestibility 149 Labeling 149 Continuous Improvement 149 Home-Prepared Diets 150 Nutritional Adequacy 150 Managing Patients Using Home-Prepared Diets 154 Protein and Amino Acids 154 Fatty Acids 155 Carbohydrates 156 Vitamin and Mineral Supplements 156 General Considerations 156 Assessment while on a Home-Prepared Diet 158 Raw Food Feeding 158 Summary 160 References 160 9 Nutritional Management of Body Weight 163 Kathryn E. Michel and Robert C. Backus The Health Consequences of Overweightness and Obesity 164 Obesity as a Risk Factor for Canine Orthopedic Disease 164 Obesity as a Risk Factor for Feline Diabetes Mellitus 164 Additional Health Risks of Obesity in Dogs and Cats 165 Increasing Awareness of Overweightness and Obesity 165 Targeting Optimal Weight 166 Body Condition Scoring 166 Understanding the Risk Factors for Weight Gain 170 Accurate Accounting of Caloric Intake 171 Formulation of the Weight-Loss Plan 172 Dietary Considerations 173 Exercise 176 Tailoring the Program to the Patient 176 Assessment of the Weight-Loss Plan 177 Safety and Efficacy of Weight-Loss Programs for Companion Animals 177 Adjustment of the Weight-Loss Plan 178 Summary 180 References 180 10 Nutritional Management of Orthopedic Diseases 186 Herman Hazewinkel Bone Composition and Calciotropic Hormones 186 Chemical Composition of Bone 187 Mineral Composition During Growth 188 Hormonal Regulation of Calcium 189 The Role of Nutrition During Skeletal Growth and Development 192 Energy 192 Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin d 193 Calcium Deficiency 193 Phosphorus Deficiency 198 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets or Hypovitaminosis D) 198 Deficiency of Other Trace Minerals 201 Calcium Excess (Alimentary Hypercalcitoninism) 201 Vitamin D Excess 205 Vitamin A Excess 206 Nutrient Requirements for Skeletal Maintenance in Adult Animals 208 Implementation of Nutrition in Clinical Orthopedics 210 Influence of Nutrition in the Occurrence of Orthopedic Diseases 211 Elbow Dysplasias 211 Role of Nutrition in Elbow Dysplasias 212 Hip Dysplasia 213 Nutritional Influences Seen in Hip Dysplasia 214 Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or Metaphyseal Osteopathy) in Dogs 216 Prevention of Nutritionally Related Orthopedic Diseases 217 Diets to Support Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthrosis 218 Causative Role of Nutrition 219 Therapeutic Role of Nutrition 220 Osteoarthrosis in Cats 225 Summary 226 References 226 11 Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 235 Nick Cave, Sean J. Delaney, and Jennifer A. Larsen Key Dietary Variables 235 Protein 235 Glutamine 236 Fat 236 Fiber and Prebiosis 237 Fiber Viscosity 239 Fiber as a Luminal Adsorbent 239 Fiber Fermentability 240 Effects of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on the Colon 240 Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Immunity 241 Effect of Fiber on Intestinal Flora: Prebiosis 241 Choice of Fiber 242 Immune Response to Dietary Antigens (Oral Tolerance) 243 Immunologic Basis for Oral Tolerance 243 Loss of Tolerance to Dietary Antigens 244 Food Immunogenicity 245 Acute Gastrointestinal Disease 246 Withholding Food for Acute Non-specific Gastroenteritis 246 Provides Bowel Rest 247 Reduces the Risk of Vomiting 247 Decreases Bacterial Proliferation 248 Decreases Osmotic Diarrhea 248 Decreases Presence of Food Antigens 248 Benefits of Luminal Nutrition in Acute Gastroenteritis 248 Intestinal Recovery and Adaptation 249 Effect of Luminal Nutrients on Inflammation 249 Veterinary Evidence 251 Recommendations 252 Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease 254 Periodontal Disease 254 Periodontitis in Feral and Wild Animals 255 Evidence of the Protective Effect of Chewing Activities 255 Dental Diets 256 The Effect of Gingival Stimulation 257 The Influence of Diet on Saliva and the Flora 258 Recommendations 258 Esophageal Disease 259 Motility Disorders and Megaesophagus 259 Esophagitis 259 Small Intestinal Disease 261 Chronic Intestinal Inflammation and Idiopathic Enteropathy 261 Protein-Losing Enteropathies 270 Adverse Food Reactions and Food-Responsive Enteropathy 270 Short Bowel Syndrome 271 Large Intestinal Disease 273 Colitis 273 Acute Colitis 273 Chronic Colitis 274 Idiopathic Large-Bowel Diarrhea 275 Constipation and Megacolon 276 Intestinal Gas and Flatulence 277 Intestinal Gas Transit and Borborygmus 277 Flatulence 277 Summary 279 References 280 12 Nutritional Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Diseases 299 Cecilia Villaverde and Marta Hervera Pancreatitis 300 Pathophysiology 301 Nutritional Management 302 Controversies Regarding Nutritional Management 302 When to Start Feeding in Acute Pancreatitis? 302 How Low Is a “Low-Fat” Diet? 303 Does Fat Have to Be Restricted in Canine Acute Pancreatitis? 304 How Important Is Fat Restriction in Feline Pancreatitis? 304 Dietary Management 304 When to Feed 305 Route of Feeding 305 Diet Selection 306 Energy Requirements 307 Long-Term Management 307 Foods to Avoid in Chronic Pancreatitis 308 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency 309 Pathophysiology 309 Nutritional Management 310 Controversies Regarding Nutritional Management 310 Is a Low-Fat Diet Important for Management? 310 Are Medium-Chain Triglycerides Preferred over Long-Chain Triglycerides? 311 Dietary Management 311 Summary 313 References 313 13 Nutritional Management of Hepatobiliary Diseases 319 Stanley L. Marks and Aarti Kathrani Metabolic Alterations in Liver Failure 319 Carbohydrate Metabolic Alterations 320 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolic Alterations 321 Lipid Metabolic Alterations 322 Vitamin and Mineral Abnormalities 322 Malnutrition in Liver Disease 324 Nutritional Management of Common Hepatobiliary Disorders 324 Feline Idiopathic Hepatic Lipidosis 325 Energy 325 Protein 326 Potassium 327 l-Carnitine 327 Cyanocobalamin/Vitamin B 12 328 Other Nutrient Considerations 328 Copper-Associated Hepatotoxicity in Dogs 328 Energy 329 Dietary Copper Restriction 329 Pharmacologic Reduction of Copper 330 Antioxidants 331 Portosystemic Shunts and Hepatic Encephalopathy 332 Dietary Protein 334 Nonabsorbable Disaccharides 335 Antimicrobials 336 Chronic Hepatitis 336 Summary 337 References 337 14 Nutritional Management of Skin Diseases 345 Catherine A. Outerbridge and Tammy J. Owens Evaluation of Diet in the Context of Dermatologic Disease 345 Nutritional Deficiencies and Excesses 346 Protein 346 Essential Fatty Acids 348 Zinc 350 Zinc-Responsive Dermatoses 350 Zinc-Unresponsive Lethal Acrodermatitis in White Bull Terriers 353 Copper 354 Vitamin A 354 Vitamin E 355 Vitamin B Complex 356 Vitamin c 358 Generic Dog Food Dermatosis 358 Skin Diseases That Benefit from Nutritional or Dietary Management 359 Cutaneous Adverse Food Reactions 359 Clinical Signs 360 Diagnosis and Treatment 362 Cutaneous Xanthomatosis 366 Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis 366 Clinical Presentation 369 Diagnosis and Treatment 371 Nutritional Supplementation for Management of Skin Disease 372 Fatty Acid Supplementation 372 Zinc Supplementation for Skin Disease 376 B Vitamin Supplementation 376 Vitamin A–Responsive Skin Diseases 376 Vitamin E–Responsive Skin Diseases 377 Therapeutic Diets for Skin Health 377 Summary 378 References 378 15 Nutritional Management of Kidney Disease 384 Yann Queau and Denise A. Elliott Chronic Kidney Disease 384 Water 384 Energy 385 Protein 385 Stage I/II: Progression 385 Stage III/IV: Uremia 386 Phosphate 387 Electrolytes 389 Sodium 389 Potassium 390 Acid–Base Balance 391 Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids 392 Fiber 393 Antioxidants 393 Nutrients That Target the Endothelium 394 Clinical Efficacy 395 Administration 396 Concurrent Diseases 396 Home-Prepared Diets 397 Monitoring 397 Acute Kidney Injury 398 Glomerular Disease 400 Fanconi Syndrome 401 Conclusion 401 Summary 402 References 402 16 Nutritional Management of Lower Urinary Tract Disease 412 Joe Bartges and Ronald J. Corbee Crystal-Related Lower Urinary Tract Disease 412 Urolithiasis 413 Calcium Oxalate 413 Struvite 420 Purines 423 Cystine 428 Compound Uroliths 429 Surgically and Minimally Invasive Management of Uroliths 430 Matrix-Crystalline Urethral Plugs 430 Idiopathic Cystitis 431 Urinary Tract Infections 432 Summary 433 References 433 17 Nutritional Management of Endocrine Diseases 441 Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney Diabetes Mellitus 441 Nutritional Factors 441 Water 441 Energy 442 Fiber 442 Fat 444 Protein 444 Digestible Carbohydrates 444 Minerals and Vitamins 446 Food Type 447 Feeding Recommendations and Assessment 447 Hyperlipidemia 448 Classification and Etiology 448 Clinical Signs and Diagnosis 449 Management and Assessment 449 Hypothyroidism and Hyperadrenocorticism in Dogs 451 Dietary Hyperthyroidism in Dogs 452 Feline Hyperthyroidism and Idiopathic Hypercalcemia 453 Hyperthyroidism 453 Feline Idiopathic Hypercalcemia 454 Summary 455 References 455 18 Nutritional Management of Cardiovascular Diseases 461 Lisa M. Freeman and John E. Rush Feeding the Cat with Cardiac Disease 461 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 462 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 465 Hypertension 467 Feeding the Dog with Cardiac Disease 467 Asymptomatic Cardiac Disease (Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, or Other Cardiac Diseases; American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine [ACVIM] Stage B) 467 Mild to Moderate Congestive Heart Failure (ACVIM Stage C) 468 Cardiac Cachexia 468 n-3 Fatty Acids 471 Sodium 472 Potassium and Magnesium 472 Antioxidants 472 Arginine 473 Advanced Congestive Heart Failure (ACVIM Stage D) 473 Additional Supplements for Dogs with Cardiac Disease 474 Taurine 474 l-Carnitine 475 Coenzyme Q 10 475 Vitamin d 475 Hypertension 476 General Nutritional Issues for Dogs and Cats with Cardiac Disease 476 Summary 477 References 478 19 Nutritional Management of Oncologic Diseases 484 Glenna E. Mauldin Cancer-Associated Malnutrition 484 Weight Loss and Cachexia in Humans with Cancer 484 Weight Loss and Cachexia in Cats and Dogs with Cancer 486 Obesity in Humans with Cancer 487 Obesity in Cats and Dogs with Cancer 489 Canine Mammary Tumors and Obesity 489 Nutritional Management of Cats and Dogs with Cancer 490 Energy 490 Calorie Sources 492 Protein and Amino Acids 493 Assisted Feeding 495 Other Nutrients for Cats and Dogs with Cancer 497 Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acids 497 Vitamin d 498 Antioxidants 500 Nutritional Fads 502 Supplements and Nutraceuticals 502 Feeding Raw Foods to Cats and Dogs with Cancer 503 Summary 503 References 504 20 Enteral Nutrition and Tube Feeding 515 Jennifer A. Larsen The Case for Enteral Feeding 515 Nutritional Support of Veterinary Patients 515 When to Intervene 516 General Contraindications 518 Enteral Feeding Devices 519 Nasoenteral Feeding Tubes 519 Pharyngostomy Feeding Tubes 520 Esophagostomy Feeding Tubes 520 Gastrostomy Feeding Tubes 522 Jejunal Feeding Tubes 523 Beginning Enteral Feeding 525 Diet Choices 526 Immunomodulating Nutrients 527 Glutamine 529 Arginine 530 Other Nutrients 530 Calculation of Energy Requirements 531 Complications 531 Mechanical Complications 532 Metabolic Complications 534 Gastrointestinal Complications 535 Transitioning Patients to Voluntary Intake 537 Summary 537 References 537 21 Parenteral Nutrition 546 Sally C. Perea History 546 Assessment of Nutritional Status and Patient Selection 547 Nomenclature 551 Determination of Administration Route 551 Catheter Selection and Placement 552 Parenteral Nutrition Components 553 Protein 553 Fat 555 Carbohydrate 556 Electrolytes and Trace Minerals 557 Vitamins 558 Energy Requirements 559 Formulation Calculations 560 Compounding 561 Initiating Parenteral Nutrition 562 Monitoring Guidelines 563 Complications 563 Metabolic Complications 563 Mechanical Complications 566 Septic Complications 567 Discontinuing ParenteralNutrition 568 Summary 568 References 569 22 Abridged Clinical Nutrition Topics for Companion Avian Species 574 Elizabeth Koutsos and Brian Speer Water 574 Clinical and Welfare Considerations Associated with Water 575 Energy 575 Sources of Energy 576 Clinical Issues Associated with Energy Imbalance: Obesity 576 Food-Based Enrichment 577 Amino Acids and Protein 578 Clinical Issues with Protein/Amino Acids 578 Essential Fatty Acids and Lipids 579 Clinical Issues Associated with Lipid Nutrition: Atherosclerosis 579 Vitamins 581 Clinical Issues Associated with Vitamin Nutrition 581 Minerals 582 Clinical Issues Associated with Mineral Nutrition 582 Other Clinical Nutrition Issues 583 Nutrition and Feather-Damaging Behaviors 583 Appropriate Diets for Birds and Their Role in Animal Well-Being 584 Conclusions 585 References 585 23 Nutrition for Small Mammalian Companion Herbivores and Carnivores 590 Jonathan Stockman and Olivia A. Petritz General Nutrition for Small Mammalian Companion Herbivores 590 Lagomorphs (Rabbits) and Caviomorphs (Chinchillas and Guinea Pigs) 590 Gastrointestinal Physiology and Anatomic Features 591 Rabbit, Chinchilla, and Guinea Pig Normal Diet 592 Protein 592 Carbohydrate and Fiber 593 Hay and Other Plant Considerations 594 Fat 595 Vitamins and Minerals 595 Water 596 General Warning about Energy-Dense Foods and Treats 596 Nutrition-Related Diseases of Small Mammalian Companion Herbivores 597 Lagomorphs (Rabbits) and Caviomorphs (Chinchillas and Guinea Pigs) 597 Dental Disease and Malocclusion 597 Obesity 598 Gastrointestinal Stasis or Ileus 599 Urolithiasis 599 Critical Care Nutrition for Small Mammalian Companion Herbivores 600 Energy Calculations for Rabbits, Chinchillas, and Guinea Pigs 601 General Nutrition for Small Mammalian Carnivores 602 Ferrets 602 Digestive Physiology 602 Nutrition-Related Diseases of Small Mammalian Companion Carnivores 602 Ferrets and Considerations for Mink 602 Marine Food Sources: Hypovitaminosis E/Nutritional Steatitis, Thiamine Deficiency, and Salt Toxicity 602 Considerations for Mink 602 Nutrition-Related Diseases of Small Mammalian Carnivores 603 Ferrets 603 Obesity 603 Urolithiasis 603 Ferret Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cell Tumor (Insulinoma) 605 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 605 Critical Care Nutrition for Small Mammalian Companion Carnivores 606 Ferrets 606 References 606 Index 610

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Book SynopsisVeterinary Arthroscopy for the Small Animal Practitioner delivers a practical guide to all aspects of veterinary arthroscopy for small mammals. The book covers the anatomy, techniques, joint pathology, and operative procedures of arthroscopy. The book includes a foundational introduction to basic tenets for veterinarians just beginning to use arthroscopy in their work as well as reference images for joint pathology useful to experienced practitioners. Nearly 1000 images are included in the reference, each of which illustrate one or more aspects of specific arthroscopic findings. Veterinary Arthroscopy for the Small Animal Practitioner draws on the author's 35 years of clinical arthroscopic experience and offers a thorough examination of small animal arthroscopy. The book serves as a powerful demonstration of the centrality, practicality, utility, and necessity of arthroscopic veterinary procedures. Readers will also benefit from topics like: A comprehensive introduction to, and dTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Companion Website xiv 1 Introduction and Instrumentation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Instrumentation and Equipment 3 1.2.1 Arthroscopes 3 1.2.2 Sheaths and Cannulas 5 1.2.2.1 Telescope Sheaths 5 1.2.2.2 Operative Cannulas 6 1.2.2.3 Egress Cannulas 8 1.2.3 Operative Hand Instruments 8 1.2.4 Power Instruments 12 1.2.4.1 Power Shavers 12 1.2.4.2 Radiofrequency/Electrocautery Instrumentation 14 1.2.5 Irrigation Fluid and Management Systems 15 1.2.5.1 Irrigation Fluids 15 1.2.5.2 Gravity Flow 16 1.2.5.3 Pressure Assisted Flow 16 1.2.5.4 Mechanical Arthroscopy Fluid Pumps 16 1.2.6 Video System Tower 17 1.2.6.1 Video Camera 18 1.2.6.2 Video Monitor 19 1.2.6.3 Light Source 19 1.2.6.4 Documentation Equipment 20 References 20 2 General Technique 23 2.1 Anesthesia, Patient Support, and Pain Management 23 2.2 Postoperative Care 23 2.3 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 24 2.3.1 Shoulder Joint 24 2.3.2 Elbow Joint 26 2.3.3 Radiocarpal Joint 28 2.3.4 Hip Joint 29 2.3.5 Stifle Joint 29 2.3.6 Tibiotarsal Joint 31 2.4 Portal Placement-General 31 References 34 3 Shoulder Joint 36 3.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 36 3.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 37 3.2.1 Telescope Portals 37 3.2.2 Operative Portals 39 3.2.3 Egress Portals 40 3.3 Nerves of Concern with Shoulder Joint Arthroscopy 40 3.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 41 3.5 Diseases of the Shoulder Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 47 3.5.1 Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 47 3.5.1.1 OCD Lesion Removal and Management 59 3.5.2 Bicipital Tendon Injuries 73 3.5.3 Soft Tissue Injuries of the Shoulder with or Without Shoulder Instability 81 3.5.4 Ununited Caudal Glenoid Ossification Center (UCGOC) 95 3.5.5 Ununited Supraglenoid Tubercle (USGT) 100 3.5.6 Arthroscopic-Assisted Intra-Articular Fracture Repair 100 3.5.7 Arthroscopic Biopsy of Intra-Articular Neoplasia 101 3.5.8 Glenoid Cartilage Defects 102 3.5.9 Chondromalacia 104 3.5.10 Infraspinatus Muscle Contracture 104 References 106 4 Arthroscopy of the Elbow Joint 108 4.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 108 4.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 109 4.2.1 Telescope Portals (Medial, Craniolateral, Caudomedial, and Caudal) 109 4.2.2 Operative Portals (Craniomedial, Lateral, Craniolateral, and Caudal) 111 4.2.3 Egress Portals 113 4.3 Nerves of Concern with Elbow Joint Arthroscopy 113 4.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 114 4.5 Diseases of the Elbow Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 122 4.5.1 Elbow Dysplasia 122 4.5.2 Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 167 4.5.3 Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP) 176 4.5.4 Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) 180 4.5.5 Assisted Intra-Articular Fracture Repair 180 4.5.6 Biopsy of Intra-Articular Neoplasia 181 4.5.7 Immune-Mediated Erosive Arthritis 182 4.5.8 Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle (IOHC) 182 4.5.9 Medial Enthesiopathy 183 References 184 5 Radiocarpal Joint 187 5.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 187 5.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 187 5.3 Nerves of Concern with Radiocarpal Joint Arthroscopy 187 5.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 188 5.5 Diseases of the Radiocarpal Joint Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 189 5.5.1 Fractures 189 5.5.2 Soft Tissue Injuries 190 5.5.3 Immune-Mediated Erosive Arthritis 190 References 191 6 Hip Joint 192 6.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 192 6.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 192 6.3 Nerves of Concern with Hip Joint Arthroscopy 193 6.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 193 6.5 Diseases of the Hip Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 196 6.5.1 Hip Dysplasia 196 6.5.2 Arthroliths 202 6.5.3 Soft Tissue Injuries of the Hip Joint 203 6.5.4 Assisted Intra-Articular Fracture Repair 205 6.5.5 Biopsy of Intra-Articular Neoplasia 206 6.5.6 Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head 206 References 206 7 Stifle Joint 207 7.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 210 7.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 210 7.2.1 Telescope Portal 210 7.2.2 Operative Portals 211 7.2.3 Egress Portal 211 7.3 Nerves of Concern with Stifle Joint Arthroscopy 213 7.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 213 7.5 Diseases of the Stifle Joint Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 221 7.5.1 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injuries 221 7.5.2 Caudal Cruciate Ligament Injuries 258 7.5.3 Isolated Meniscal Injuries 258 7.5.4 Osteochondritis Dissecans(OCD) 259 7.5.5 Stifle Stabilization Failures 264 7.5.6 TPLO Second Look 264 7.5.7 Patellar Fracture Management 266 7.5.8 Long Digital Extensor Tendon Injuries 268 7.5.9 Popliteal Tendon Avulsion 268 7.5.10 Intra-articular Neoplasia 269 7.5.11 Patellar Luxation 270 7.5.12 Degenerative Joint Disease, Chondromalacia, and Synovitis 270 7.5.13 Discoid Meniscus 273 7.5.14 Osteochondromatosis 274 References 274 8 Tibiotarsal Joint 276 8.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Operating Room Setup 276 8.2 Portal Sites and Portal Placement 276 8.2.1 Telescope Portals 276 8.2.2 Operative Portals 277 8.2.3 Egress Portal 278 8.3 Nerves of Concern with Tibiotarsal Joint Arthroscopy 278 8.4 Examination Protocol and Normal Arthroscopic Anatomy 278 8.5 Diseases of the Tibiotarsal Joint Diagnosed and Managed with Arthroscopy 279 8.5.1 Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 279 8.5.2 Intra-Articular Fracture Management 286 8.5.3 Soft Tissue Injuries 287 8.5.4 Immune-Mediated Erosive Arthritis 287 8.5.5 Osteoarthritis 289 References 291 9 Problems and Complications 292 9.1 Actual and Potential Complications of Arthroscopy 292 9.1.1 Failure to Enter the Joint 292 9.1.2 Articular Cartilage Damage 292 9.1.3 Soft Tissue Damage 296 9.1.4 Bone Fragment Displacement 298 9.1.5 Operative Debris 298 9.1.6 Red Out 299 9.1.7 Peri-articular Fluid Accumulation 300 9.1.8 Infection 300 9.1.9 Vascular Injury 301 9.1.10 Nerve Injury 301 9.2 Instrument Damage 301 9.2.1 Intra-articular Instrument Breakage 301 9.2.2 Telescope Breakage 302 9.3 Contraindications 303 9.3.1 Patient Size 303 9.3.2 Septic Arthritis 303 9.3.3 Anesthesia Risk 303 References 304 Index 305

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Book SynopsisBreed Predispositions to Dental and Oral Disease in Dogs is an accessible guide to hereditary oral and dental disease. The text is designed to help veterinarians make informed clinical decisions and better communicate with clients. Comprehensive in scope, the book provides a thorough understanding of the differences between large and small dogs as related to effective dental treatment. The book includes specific information for treating small and toy breed dogs, small breed brachycephalic dogs, and brachycephalic dogs. It contains key details of clinical conditions more likely to be faced in specific breeds. To enhance the text, the book is filled with high quality clinical photographs and dental radiographs that demonstrate the concepts discussed. Breed Predispositions to Dental and Oral Disease in Dogs is a useful resource for any clinician dealing with oral disease in dogs and: Offers a practical guide to the considerations in treating dental disease in specific dog breedsHelpTrade Review“The text is well referenced and complemented with copious clinical and intraoral radiographic images….this book will be a worthy addition to the reference library of any general practitioner who is interested in the diagnosis and care of dental and oral cavity challenges in small-sized and brachycephalic dogs.” - JAVMA | SEP 15, 2021 | VOL 259 | NO. 6Table of ContentsContributors ix Introduction xi 1 Conditions Common in Small and Toy Breed Dogs 1Brook A. Niemiec 1.1 Periodontal Disease 1 1.2 Persistent Deciduous (PD) Teeth 23 References 30 2 Conditions Seen in Both Small and Brachycephalic Breeds; Therefore Small Brachycephalic Breeds (Pug, Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu, etc.) Are Even More Significantly Affected 39Brook A. Niemiec 2.1 Crowding and Rotation 39 2.2 Congenitally Missing Teeth 41 2.3 Impacted or Embedded Teeth 44 References 50 3 The Welfare Concerns of Heritable Dental Diseases 53Kymberley C. McLeod 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 What Is Animal Welfare? 53 3.3 Sequelae to Periodontal Disease 56 3.4 Gingival Hyperplasia 57 3.5 Associations with Pain and Suffering 57 3.6 Physiological Signs of Stress 58 3.7 Welfare Implications of Anesthesia Free Dentistry (AFD) 62 3.8 Conclusions 63 References 63 4 Conditions Commonly Seen in Brachycephalic Breeds 71Brook A. Niemiec 4.1 Class III Malocclusions 71 References 75 5 Brachycephalic Airway Disease 77Sean W. Aiken 5.1 History and Clinical Signs 78 5.2 Physical Examination 78 5.3 Pharyngeal/Laryngeal Examination 79 5.4 Diagnostic Imaging 81 5.5 Diagnostic Testing 83 5.6 Measuring Airflow Resistance 83 5.7 Surgical Treatment 84 5.8 Stenotic Nares 84 5.9 Elongated Soft Palate 86 5.10 Everted Laryngeal Saccules 88 5.11 Additional Conditions 89 References 92 6 The Unique Welfare Challenges of Brachycephalism 95Kymberley C. McLeod 6.1 Oral Infection 95 6.2 Oral Pain 96 6.3 Emotional/Physical Distress 97 6.4 Other Health and Behavior-Related Concerns 97 6.5 Normalization 98 6.6 Effects on Quality of Life (QOL) 98 References 99 7 Other Heritable Conditions 101Brook A. Niemiec 7.1 Mandibular Canine Linguoversion (Base Narrow Canines) 101 7.2 Gingival Enlargement 113 7.3 Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis 115 7.4 Tight Lip Syndrome 120 7.5 Craniomandibular Osteopathy 121 7.6 Histologically Low-Grade, Biologically High-Grade, Fibrosarcoma 123 References 125 8 Anesthetic Management of Toy and Small Breed Dogs 131Amber Hopkins 8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 Body Size 131 8.3 Congenital Predispositions 135 8.4 Anesthetic and Procedural Challenges 137 8.5 Conclusion 139 References 139 9 Brachycephalic Breeds and Anesthesia 143Amber Hopkins 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome (BAS) Pathophysiology 143 9.3 Other Pre-existing Conditions in the Brachycephalic Patient 145 9.4 Pre-anesthetic Considerations 146 9.5 Anesthetic Management 150 9.6 Anesthetic Recovery 152 9.7 Conclusion 153 References 153 10 Periodontal Therapy in Small and Toy Breed Dogs 157Brook A. Niemiec 10.1 Homecare 157 10.2 Professional Care 161 References 173 11 The Unique Challenges of Extractions in Small and Toy Breed Dogs 179Brook A. Niemiec References 184 Conclusions 187 Index 189

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Book SynopsisA concise and practical quick reference for veterinary practitioners dealing with feline emergencies The updated Second Edition of Feline Emergency and Critical Care Medicine delivers a practical guide for veterinary practitioners dealing with injured or ill cats. The book focuses on clinically oriented information tailored to a fast-paced emergency setting. Perfect as a quick referencewith a concise outline format designed to facilitate immediate access to critical informationthis edition of the popular book emphasizes the skillful and informed management of feline veterinary emergencies. The new edition of Feline Emergency and Critical Care Medicine also includes: A thorough introduction to veterinary approaches to the care of critically ill cat, cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, shock, and traumaComprehensive explorations of anesthetic protocols for systemically healthy cats and pain management in critically ill feline patientsPractical discussions of general approachesTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Foreword xv 1 Approach to the Critically Ill Cat 1Kenneth J. Drobatz 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 9Sean D. Smarick 3 Shock 19Erica Reineke 4 Trauma 25Erica Reineke 5 Anesthesia for Critically Ill Feline Patient 33Hope F. Douglas and Giacomo Gianotti 6 Anesthetic Protocols for Systemically Healthy Cats 55Michelle Cerullo and Giacomo Gianotti 7 Analgesia in the Critically Ill Cat 63Kelley M. Varner and Giacomo Gianotti 8 Fluid Therapy 75Garret Pachtinger 9 Nutritional Support for the Critically Ill Feline Patient 83Daniel L. Chan 10 Respiratory Emergencies and Pleural Space Disease 93Elizabeth Rozanski 11 Upper Airway Disease 109Dana L. Clarke 12 Lower Airway Disease 119Lynelle R. Johnson and Lesley G. King 13 Parenchymal Disease 131Deborah Silverstein 14 Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Feline Cardiac Emergencies 143Chloë L. Block and Marc S. Kraus 15 Management of Specific Cardiac Diseases 153Mark A. Oyama 16 Management of Thromboembolic Disease Secondary to Heart Disease 163Benjamin Brainard and Amy Alwood 17 Management of Life-Threatening Arrhythmias 169Meg M. Sleeper 18 Diagnostic Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Conditions 177Daniel Z. Hume 19 General Approach to the Acute Abdomen 185Vincent J. Thawley 20 Management of Specific Gastrointestinal Conditions 195Mark P. Rondeau 21 Urologic Emergencies--General Approach: Diagnostic Evaluation, Monitoring, and Therapeutic Techniques for the Urological System 211Simon W. Tappin 22 Urologic Emergencies: Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, GN, and CKD 223Andréanne Cléroux 23 Acute Kidney Injury 243Katie D. Mauro 24 General Approach and Overview of the Neurologic Cat 253Daniel J. Fletcher 25 Neurologic Emergencies: Brain 271Scott C. Petesch 26 Neurologic Emergencies: Spinal Cord 283Evelyn M. Galban 27 Neurologic Emergencies: Peripheral 293Leontine Benedicenti 28 Hematologic Emergencies: Bleeding 301Anthony L. Gonzalez, Sarah M. Gradilla, and Susan G. Hackner 29 Hematologic Emergencies: Anemia 323Anthony L. Gonzalez, Paula Simons, and Susan G. Hackner 30 Management of Specific Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases: Diabetes Mellitus 351Marie T. Keith 31 Management of Specific Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases: Other 367Cynthia R. Ward 32 Electrolyte Disorders 373Linda Martin, Emilia Terradas Crespo, and Karin Unger 33 Reproductive Emergencies 399Carol A. Margolis and Margret L. Casal 34 Pediatric Emergencies 417Maureen A. McMichael 35 Geriatric Emergencies 427Maureen A. McMichael 36 Ocular Emergencies 433Deborah C. Mandell and Paul Scherlie 37 Dermatologic Emergencies 453Kathryn A. Rook and Jill L. Abraham 38 Toxicological Emergencies 479Tina Wismer 39 Environmental Emergencies 509Lori S. Waddell and Elise M. Boller 40 Common Technical Procedures in the ER 525Sage De Rosa and Vincent J. Thawley 41 Creating a Minimal-Stress Emergency Environment 541Carlo Siracusa 42 Surgical Section 551Maureen A. Griffin and William T. N. Culp 42.1 Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery 551 42.2 Emergency Urinary Surgery 560 42.3 Emergency Hepatobiliary Surgery 570 42.4 Emergency Reproductive Surgery 576 42.5 Emergency Traumatic and Reconstructive Surgery 582 42.6 Emergency Ophthalmic Surgery 591 Index 597

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Book SynopsisSmall Animal Surgical Emergencies A comprehensive and up-to-date guide in emergency surgical intervention for veterinary professionals Small Animal Surgical Emergencies, Second Edition continues to be an important resource focusing on surgical emergencies, combining the work of surgical specialists and critical care specialists, and filling a void in educating and informing veterinarians. The new edition of this book provides updated information on an array of topics such as preoperative stabilization, new and innovative treatment options, and aftercare. Each chapter covers step-by-step information on emergency stabilization, diagnostic approach, operative techniques, postoperative care, common complications encountered in each case, and how to troubleshoot any such complication should they occur. It also offers simplified surgical techniques to ensure success and describes new and novel procedures throughout. The Second Edition of Small Animal Surgical ETable of ContentsContributors xii Preface xvii Acknowledgements xviii About the Companion Website xix Daisy’s Story xx 1 Triage and Initial Stabilization of the Emergency Small Animal Surgical Patient 1 Dana Clarke 2 Operating Room Nursing Tips for Emergency Surgical Procedures 20 Cami Elliott, Michelle Capps, and Michael McCallum Section I Gastrointestinal System 49 3 Emergency Stabilization of the Acute Abdomen Patient 51 Nyssa Levy and Matthew Beal 4 Esophageal Foreign Bodies 58 Ivan Doran 5 Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies 70 Amie Koenig and Mandy L. Wallace 6 Intussusception 81 Janet Kovak McClaran and Yekaterina Buriko 7 Rectal Prolapse 88 Jennifer L. Huck 8 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus 93 Michael S. Tivers and Sophie Adamantos 9 Intestinal Volvulus 108 Elizabeth LaFond and Kristina Kiefer 10 Colonic Torsion 115 Chloe Wormser 11 Peritonitis 119 Adrienne Bentley and Anusha Balakrishnan 12 Surgical Intervention Post-Celiotomy 141 Michael B. Mison 13 Biliary Emergencies 146 Lori Ludwig and Sean Smarick 14 Hemoperitoneum 164 Cassie N. Lux, William T. N. Culp and Steven E. Epstein 15 True Abdominal Hernias 178 Daniel D. Smeak 16 Traumatic and Incisional Hernias 190 Todd Hamilton 17 Perineal Hernias 199 Karen M. Tobias 18 Pancreatic Abscessation 216 F. A. (Tony) Mann 19 Hepatic Emergencies 226 James A. Perry, Steven E. Epstein, and William T. N. Culp 20 Bleeding Gastrointestinal Ulcers 238 Yekaterina Buriko, David Holt, Laura Ateca, and Lesley King 21 Enteral Feeding Tubes 251 Aarti Kathrani Section II Urinary System 263 22 Stabilization of the Uremic Patient 265 Kari Beer and Kenneth Drobatz Section IIa Urinary System - Urinary Tract Trauma 277 23 Renal and Ureteral Injury 279 Dan Degner and Chloe Wormser 24 Approach to the Uroabdomen 285 Sara Colopy, Adam Townsend, and Dale Bjorling 25 Urethral Injury 297 Sara Colopy, Adam Townsend, and Dale Bjorling Section IIb Urinary System – Urinary Obstruction 311 26 Ureteral Obstruction 313 Daniel Degner, Dana Clarke, and Chloe Wormser 27 Urethral Obstruction 331 Heidi Phillips and Sara Colopy Section III Respiratory System 351 Section IIIa Respiratory System – Upper Airway Disease 353 28 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with an Upper Respiratory Obstruction 355 Meredith Maczuzak and Deborah C. Silverstein 29 Tracheostomy 364 Nathaniel Lam 30 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome 372 Mike Schlicksup 31 Laryngeal Paralysis 383 Georga T. Karbe 32 Laryngeal Trauma 391 Eric Monnet 33 Tracheal Collapse 395 William T. N. Culp and Matthew D. O’Donnell Section IIIb Respiratory System – Pleural Space Disease 405 34 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Pleural Space Disease 407 Erica Reineke and Jen Savini 35 Diaphragmatic Hernia 417 MaryAnn Radlinsky 36 Pyothorax 425 Lori S. Waddell and David A. Puerto 37 Hemothorax 433 Chad W. Schmiedt and Benjamin M. Brainard 38 Pneumothorax 441 David A. Puerto and Lori S. Waddell 39 Lung Lobe Torsion 451 Jacob A. Rubin and Jaime Green 40 Surgical Approach to the Thoracic Cavity 459 David A. Puerto and Jacob A. Rubin Section IIIc Respiratory System – Chest Wall Disease 467 41 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Chest Wall Disease 469 Nolan Chalifoux and Deborah Silverstein 42 Pectus Excavatum 475 Krista N. Adamovich-Rippe and William T. N. Culp 43 Flail Chest 483 Eric Monnet Section IV Cardiovascular System 487 44 Pacemaker Therapy 489 Caryn Reynolds and Katrine Saile 45 Pericardial Effusion 501 Augusta Pelosi and Amy Koenigshof 46 Open-Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 514 Jasper Burke and Deborah Silverstein Section V Reproductive System 525 47 Cesarean Section 527 Stephen D. Gilson 48 Pyometra 534 Jacqueline Davidson and Dorothy Black 49 Penile and Testicular Emergencies 541 Susan P. Gregory 50 Prostatic Abscessation 553 Richard A. S. White 51 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse 565 Pieter Nelissen Section VI Wound Management 573 52 Bite Wounds 575 David Holt and Vincent Thawley 53 Burn Injury 586 Caroline Garzotto and Dana Clarke 54 Penetrating Injury in the Dog and Cat 600 Steve J. Mehler 55 Necrotizing Fasciitis 613 Karol A. Mathews and Ameet Singh 56 Degloving and Shear Injuries 626 Bryden J. Stanley and Susan W. Volk 57 Skin Flaps and Grafts: Managing Complications 645 Michael B. Mison 58 Incisional Infections 652 Brandy A. Burgess Section VII Ocular Emergencies 659 59 Ocular Emergencies 661 Deborah C. Mandell and Rosalie M. Atkins Section VIII Oral Surgical Emergencies 685 60 Oral Surgical Emergencies 687 Alexander M. Reiter Section IX Orthopedic Emergencies 701 61 Approach to the Septic Joint 703 Samuel P. Franklin 62 Surgical Management of Open Fractures 715 Kimberly Agnello 63 Traumatic Joint Luxation and Reduction 725 Anna Massie and Po-Yen Chou Index 739

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xiv About the Contributors xvii Preface xviii Acknowledgments xxi Part 1 Patient Care Considerations 1 1 The Gold Standard, Standards of Care, and Spectrum of Care: An Evolving Approach to Diagnostic Medicine 3Ryane E. Englar 1.1 Defining the Gold Standard 3 1.2 Limitations of the Gold Standard 4 1.3 Returning to the Case of the Cat with Stranguria: a Different Perspective on Standards of Care 4 1.4 Limitations to Standards of Care 5 1.5 Spectrum of Care 6 References 7 2 Consultation Room Communication Strategies that Facilitate Dialogue on the Diagnostic Approach to Patient Care 9Ryane E. Englar 2.1 Emergence of Communication as a Clinically Relevant Skill in Human Health Care 9 2.2 The Evolution of Communication in Veterinary Health Care 10 2.3 Communication Skills That Are Essential to Diagnosis-Making 11 2.4 Concepts of Health Literacy and Compliance 13 2.5 Using Easy-to-Understand (Nonmedical) Language 14 2.6 Checking in 15 2.7 Assessing the Client’s Knowledge 17 2.8 Signposting 18 2.9 Addressing the Cost of Care 20 References 22 Part 2 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Blood 27 3 Packed Cell Volume 29Sharon M. Dial 3.1 Procedural Definition: What Is this Test About? 29 3.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 29 3.3 Equipment 29 3.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 30 3.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 33 3.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 33 3.7 Interpreting Test Results 34 3.8 Clinical Case Example(s): Can We Link to the Cases in Chapter 5? 35 3.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 35 3.10 Key Takeaways 36 References 36 4 Total Protein as Measured by Refractometry 37Sharon M. Dial 4.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 37 4.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 37 4.3 Equipment 38 4.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 38 4.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 42 4.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 43 4.7 Interpreting Test Result 43 4.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 44 4.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values 44 4.10 Key Takeaways 44 Reference 45 Suggested References 45 5 Gross and Microscopic Evaluation of the Buffy Coat 46Sharon M. Dial 5.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 46 5.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 46 5.3 Equipment 47 5.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 47 5.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 50 5.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 53 5.7 Interpreting Test Results 53 5.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 54 5.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 54 5.10 Key Takeaways 54 Reference 54 6 The Blood Film 55Sharon M. Dial 6.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 55 6.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 55 6.3 Equipment 55 6.4 Procedural Steps: Preparing the Blood Film How Do I Perform This Test? 56 6.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 64 6.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 64 6.7 Interpreting Test Results 69 6.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 70 6.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 70 6.10 Key Takeaways 70 References 70 Suggested Bench-Side Reference 71 7 Blood Glucose 72Sharon M. Dial 7.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 72 7.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 72 7.3 Equipment 73 7.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 73 7.5 A Note on Quality Control 73 7.6 Procedure for Patient Samples 74 7.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test 76 7.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 76 7.9 Interpreting Test Results 77 7.10 Clinical Case Example(s) 78 7.11 Add-On Tests That you May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values 78 7.12 Key Takeaways 78 References 78 8 Blood Urea Nitrogen 79Sharon M. Dial 8.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 79 8.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 79 8.3 Equipment 80 8.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 80 8.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 81 8.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 81 8.7 Interpreting Test Results 82 8.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 82 8.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 82 8.10 Key Takeaways 83 9 Whole Blood Lactate 84Sharon M. Dial 9.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 84 9.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 84 9.3 Equipment 85 9.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 85 9.5 A Note on Quality Control 85 9.6 Procedure for Patient Samples 85 9.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test 87 9.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 87 9.9 Interpreting Test Results 87 9.10 Clinical Case Example(s) 88 9.11 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 88 9.12 Key Takeaways 88 References 88 10 Saline Agglutination Test 89Sharon M. Dial 10.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 89 10.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 89 10.3 Equipment 89 10.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 89 10.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 91 10.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 91 10.7 Interpreting Test Results 92 10.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 92 10.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 92 10.10 Key Takeaways 92 Reference 93 11 Activated Clotting Time 94Sharon M. Dial 11.1 Procedural Definition: (“What Is This Test About?”) 94 11.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 94 11.3 Equipment 94 11.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 94 11.5 Time Estimate To Perform Test 96 11.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 97 11.7 Interpreting Test Results 97 11.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 97 11.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 97 11.10 Key Takeaways 97 Part 3 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Urine 99 12 Assessing Urine’s Physical Properties 101Ryane E. Englar 12.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 101 12.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 101 12.3 Equipment 102 12.4 Procedural Steps 103 12.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 105 12.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 105 12.7 Interpreting Test Results 106 12.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 111 12.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 113 12.10 Key Takeaways 113 12.11 Clinical Pearls 114 References 115 13 Urine Specific Gravity 116Ryane E. Englar 13.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 116 13.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 117 13.3 Equipment 117 13.4 Procedural Steps 118 13.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 124 13.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 124 13.7 Interpreting Test Results 124 13.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 126 13.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 127 13.10 Key Takeaways 127 13.11 Clinical Pearls 127 References 128 14 Chemical Evaluation of Urine 130Ryane E. Englar 14.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 130 14.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 132 14.3 Equipment 132 14.4 Procedural Steps 132 14.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 136 14.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 136 14.7 Interpreting Test Results 138 14.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 141 14.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 142 14.10 Key Takeaways 143 14.11 Clinical Pearls 144 References 145 15 Urine Sediment Examination 146Sharon M. Dial 15.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 146 15.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 146 15.3 Equipment 147 15.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 147 15.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 149 15.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 151 15.7 Interpreting Test Results 152 15.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 157 15.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 157 15.10 Key Takeaways 157 Reference 157 Suggested Bench-Side References 158 Part 4 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Feces 159 16 Assessing the Physical Properties of Fecal Matter 161Ryane E. Englar 16.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 161 16.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 161 16.3 Equipment 164 16.4 Procedural Steps 166 16.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 166 16.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 166 16.7 Interpreting Test Results 172 16.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 183 16.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 183 16.10 Key Takeaways 185 16.11 Clinical Pearls 186 References 187 17 Direct Smears 191Ryane E. Englar 17.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 191 17.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 191 17.3 Equipment 194 17.4 Procedural Steps [1–5, 20, 30, 60–62] 194 17.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 196 17.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 196 17.7 Interpreting Test Results 197 17.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 198 17.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 201 17.10 Key Takeaways 203 17.11 Clinical Pearls 204 References 204 18 Fecal Flotation 207Ryane E. Englar and Jeremy Bessett 18.1 Procedural Definition: What is This Test About? 207 18.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 210 18.3 Options Available for Fecal Flotation 211 18.4 Equipment 213 18.6 Time Estimate to Perform Fecal Flotation with Fixed-Angle Centrifuge 216 18.7 Brief Consideration of the Procedural Steps in the Event a Swinging Bucket Centrifuge Is Used 217 18.8 Equipment 217 18.9 Procedural Steps 217 18.10 Time Estimate to Perform Passive Fecal Flotation 221 18.11 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting for Fecal Flotation 221 18.12 Interpreting Test Results 221 18.13 Clinical Case Example(s) 227 18.14 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 227 18.15 Key Takeaways 229 18.16 Clinical Pearls 229 References 230 Part 5 Quick Assessment of Body Cavity Fluids 235 19 Body Cavity Fluid Analysis 237Sharon M. Dial 19.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 237 19.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 237 19.3 Equipment 238 19.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 238 19.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 240 19.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 240 19.7 Interpreting Test Results 241 19.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 244 19.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 244 19.10 Key Takeaways 245 References 245 Suggested Bench-Side References 245 Part 6 Clinical Cases 247 20 Clinical Cases 249Jeremy Bessett, with support from Sharon M. Dial Case 1: Fred 249 Case 2: Bella 253 Case 3: Benji 258 Case 4: Mittens 266 Case 5: Star 272 Case 6: Earl 277 Case 7: Sammy 281 Case 8: Coffee 286 Case 9: Dexter 291 Case 10: Tabitha 297 Case 11: Ace 301 Case 12: Timothy 304 Case 13: Duckie 307 Case 14: Angel 311 Case 15: Chase 314 Index 321

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Book SynopsisSmall Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Provides a fully updated new edition of this comprehensive, detailed reference to surgical syndromes and diseases in small animals Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, Second Edition offers a thoroughly revised new edition of this comprehensive, detailed reference to surgical syndromes and diseases in small animal patients. Featuring detailed surgical descriptions accompanied by high-quality illustrations, the book updates the procedures throughout to include new and revised techniques. New chapters cover pyloric hypertrophy, coagulation factors and anticoagulation strategies, and pacemakers, with a newly standalone chapter on persistent aortic arches. Organized by body system, each section of the book includes a brief review of surgical anatomy and physiology. Chapters present surgical techniques, with information on pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and a companion website provides video clips and slideshows demonstrating the procedures. The Second Edition: Presents a complete resource to small animal soft tissue surgeryFeatures detailed surgical descriptions accompanied by high-quality illustrationsUpdates surgical techniques throughout to reflect new or refined proceduresAdds chapters on pyloric hypertrophy, coagulation factors and anticoagulation strategies, and pacemakers, and splits persistent aortic arches into an expanded standalone chapterFeatures video clips and slideshows on a companion website to demonstrate the techniques covered Relying on the very latest literature to present the current state of the art, Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery is an essential reference for small animal surgeons, residents, and practitioners performing soft tissue surgery.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xiii About the Companion Website xiv Section 1: Gastrointestinal Surgery 1 1 Disorders of the Salivary Gland 3 Catriona M. MacPhail 2 Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Disease 8 Eric Monnet, Jeffrey J. Runge, and William T.N. Culp 3 Vascular Ring Anomalies 23 Eric Monnet 4 Hiatal Hernia 29 Eric Monnet and Ronald Bright 5 Pyloric Hypertrophy 38 Eric Monnet 6 Gastroduodenal Ulceration 41 Tracy L. Hill, B. Duncan X. Lascelles, and Anthony Blikslager 7 Gastric Dilatation Volvulus 53 Elisa M. Mazzaferro and Eric Monnet 8 Focal and Linear Gastrointestinal Obstructions 75 Nina Samuel, Barbro Filliquist,and William T.N. Culp 9 Mesenteric Volvulus and Colonic Torsion 92 Catriona M. MacPhail 10 Gastrointestinal Neoplasia 96 Deanna R. Worley 11 Megacolon 111 Stewart D. Ryan 12 Anal Sac Disease 123 Maureen Griffin and William T.N. Culp Section 2: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas 133 13 Portosystemic Shunts 135 Lisa Klopp, Angela J. Marolf, Eric Monnet, and Craig B. Webb 14 Liver Lobe Torsion and Abscess 171 Daniel A. Degner and Jitender Bhandal 15 Liver Tumors and Partial Hepatectomy 178 Daniel A. Degner and Richard Walshaw 16 Gallbladder Mucocele 197 Steve J. Mehler and Philipp D. Mayhew 17 Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Obstruction 202 Steve J. Mehler and Philipp D. Mayhew 18 Other Surgical Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract: Cholecystitis, Neoplasia, Infarct, and Trauma 226 Steve J. Mehler and Philipp D. Mayhew 19 Pancreatitis 230 Panagiotis G. Xenoulis, Jörg M. Steiner, and Eric Monnet Section 3: Peritoneal Cavity 251 20 Peritonitis 253 Lori Ludwig 21 Hemoperitoneum 271 Jennifer Prittie and Lori Ludwig 22 Pneumoperitoneum 285 Jennifer Prittie and Lori Ludwig 23 Retroperitoneal Diseases 291 Amelia M. Simpson 24 Congenital Abdominal Wall Hernia 295 Amelia M. Simpson 25 Acquired Abdominal Wall Hernia 303 Amelia M. Simpson 26 Diaphragmatic and Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernias 308 Janet Kovak McClaran 27 Perineal Hernia 318 F.A. (Tony) Mann and Carlos Henrique de Mello Souza Section 4: Chest Wall 331 28 Pectus Excavatum 333 Raymond K. Kudej 29 Surgery of the Thoracic Wall 341 Julius M. Liptak, Eric Monnet, and Kristin Zersen 30 Tumors of the Thoracic Wall 354 Julius M. Liptak 31 Flail Chest 366 Dennis Olsen and Ronald S. Olsen Section 5: Pleural Space 375 32 Chylothorax 377 Jonathan F. McAnulty 33 Pyothorax in Dogs and Cats 392 Chad Schmiedt 34 Pneumothorax 400 Robert J. Hardie Section 6: Respiratory Surgery 421 35 Oronasal and Oroantral Fistula 423 Naomi Hoyer 36 Cleft Lip and Palate 428 Yoav Bar-Am 37 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome 438 Dorothee Krainer and Gilles Dupré 38 Laryngeal Paralysis 459 Eric Monnet 39 Laryngeal Neoplasia 473 Eric Monnet 40 Tracheal Surgery 475 Catriona M. MacPhail 41 Surgical Diseases of the Lungs 486 Eric Monnet Section 7: Urinary Tract 501 42 Pathophysiology of Renal Disease 503 Cathy Langston and Serge Chalhoub 43 Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction 516 Eric Monnet 44 Urolithiasis of the LowerUrinary Tract 523 Eric Monnet 45 Ureteral Ectopia and Urinary Incontinence 533 Philipp D. Mayhew and Allyson Berent 46 Treatment Strategies for Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence 548 Philipp D. Mayhew and Allyson Berent 47 Treatment Strategies for Ureteral Ectopia 559 Philipp D. Mayhew and Allyson Berent 48 Neoplasia of the Urinary Tract 571 Ramesh K. Sivacolundhu and Stephen J. Withrow 49 Urinary Tract Trauma 589 Heidi Phillips 50 Urinary Diversion Techniques 605 Maureen Griffin, Allyson Berent, Chick Weisse, and William T.N. Culp 51 Idiopathic or Benign Essential Renal Hematuria 627 Allyson Berent and Chick Weisse 52 Renal Transplant 635 Chad Schmiedt Section 8: Reproductive Tract 659 53 Pyometra 661 Natali Krekeler and Fiona Hollinshead 54 Cesarean Section 672 Wendy Baltzer 55 Congenital Vaginal Defects 684 Fran Smith 56 Ovariectomy and Ovariohysterectomy 690 Thomas J. Smith and Bernard Séguin 57 Scrotal and Testicular Trauma and Neoplasia 698 Fran Smith 58 Prostatic Disease 704 Michelle Kutzler 59 Cryptorchidism 720 Carlos Gradil and Robert McCarthy 60 Paraphimosis 726 Michelle Kutzler 61 Priapism 730 Michelle Kutzler 62 Phimosis 736 Dietrich Volkmann 63 Penile and Preputial Trauma and Neoplasia 740 Dawna Voelkl Section 9: Endocrine 747 64 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 749 Nicholas J. Bacon 65 Feline Hyperthyroidism 767 Marie-Pauline Maurin and Carmel T. Mooney 66 Canine Thyroid Neoplasia 779 Deanna R. Worley 67 Canine and Feline Insulinoma 785 Floryne O. Buishand and Jolle Kirpensteijn 68 Adrenal Tumors 798 Pierre Amsellem, Michael Schaer, and James P. Farese Section 10: Ear Surgery 817 69 Anatomy of the Ear 819 Jamie R. Bellah 70 Surgery of the Pinna 828 Jamie R. Bellah 71 Aural Neoplasia 838 Brad M. Matz and Jamie R. Bellah 72 Otitis Externa 846 Robert Kennis 73 Feline and Canine Otitis Media 851 Dawn Logas 74 Surgery of the Vertical Ear Canal 857 Anne Sylvestre 75 Imaging of the Ear for Surgical Evaluation 864 Robert Cole, Kaitlin Fiske, and John Hathcock 76 Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy 875 Daniel D. Smeak 77 Subtotal Ear Canal Ablation 891 Kyle G. Mathews 78 Surgical Diseases of the Middle Ear 895 Marije Risselada and Elizabeth M. Hardie Section 11: Cardiac 905 79 Coagulation Disorders and Surgery 907 Sara Shropshire and Benjamin Brainard 80 Heart Surgery Strategies 917 E. Christopher Orton 81 Congenital Cardiac Shunts 924 E. Christopher Orton 82 Valvular Heart Disease 936 E. Christopher Orton 83 Cardiac Neoplasia 944 E. Christopher Orton 84 Congenital Pericardial Diseases 947 Eric Monnet 85 Constrictive Pericarditis 950 Eric Monnet 86 Pericardial Effusion 953 Eric Monnet 87 Pacemaker Therapy 964 Eric Monnet Section 12: Hematopoietic 981 88 Surgical Treatment of Splenic Disease 983 Kyla Walter and William T.N. Culp 89 Surgical Treatment of Thymic Disease 997 Erin A. Gibson and William T.N. Culp Index 1007

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi About the companion website xiii Section I: General topics in anesthesia and analgesia 1 1 Anesthetic process 3 Yishai Kushnir and Carolyn M. McKune 2 Anesthesia equipment and monitoring 28 Jennifer Sager and Carolyn M. McKune 3 Adverse events/anesthetic complications 52 Carolyn M. McKune and Angela Borchers 4 Anesthetic considerations for specific procedures 93 Amanda M. Shelby and Carolyn M. McKune 5 Anesthesia in patients with concurrent disease 141 Sharon Tenenbaum Shih 6 Anesthesia and analgesia in the exotic patient 197 Amanda M. Shelby and Carolyn M. McKune 7 Nonopioid analgesia alternatives and locoregional blocks 231 Vaidehi Paranjape and Stephen Cital Section II: Drug formulary 277 Dario A. Floriano and Amanda M. Shelby Appendices 385 Appendix A: Pain scale options 385 Appendix B: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 393 Appendix C: Constant-rate infusion calculations 396 Appendix D: Creating dilutions and reconstituting solutions 397 Appendix E: Abdominal tap 399 Appendix F: Drugs to withhold or continue in the perianesthetic period (see drug formulary, Section II) 400 Appendix G: Calculating fluid drip rates 403 Appendix H: Epidural calculations 403 Appendix I: Conversions 403 Index 405

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Book SynopsisLow-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics A practical guide to maximizing the diagnostic value of in-house quick assessment tests (QATs) In Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, the authors provide a hands-on resource designed to facilitate healthcare delivery across the spectrum of care. Historically, clinicians have been taught to apply the gold standard approach to the practice of medicine. However, recent advances in veterinary medical care and associated technologies have made practitioners question whether a one-size-fits-all approach is truly best. After all, when we perform diagnostic tests, are we testing out of the desire for completeness, to cover all bases for the good of the patient? Or are we testing because we are expected to? The reality is that gold standard care is not always advisable and not always possible. In clinical practice, veterinarians frequently encounter obstacles that limit their approaches to case management. Cost of care is a significant constraint that requires practitioners to rethink which diagnostic tests are essential. Not every patient requires a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profile, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to obtain diagnostic value. This text suggests that the best approach to case management be determined by the situation, the context, the patient, and the client. While sophisticated panels of tests may remain the recommended approach to case management, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics outlines entry-level, in-house diagnostic blood, urine, fecal, and body cavity fluid tests: how to perform them as well as the breadth and depth of patient-specific data that can be gleaned from quick assessment tests (QATs). Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to patient care considerations, communication strategies that facilitate cost-conscious shared decision-makingComprehensive explorations of quick assessment tests (QATs) in hematology, including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), buffy coat analysis, blood smears, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), saline agglutination tests, and activated clotting time. Practical discussions of quick assessment tests (QATs) involving urine, including urine color, dipstick analysis, specific gravity (USG), and urine sediment analysisPragmatic evaluation of fecal analysis, including considerations surrounding fecal color, volume, consistency, and odor; saline smears or wet mounts, and fecal flotation. Discussion on body cavity fluid analysisSample case vignettes, complete with question and answer (Q&A) Perfect for veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary and veterinary technician students, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics offers a quick and easy reference guide to maximizing diagnostic value in those cases where care is cost-prohibitive.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiv About the Contributors xvii Preface xviii Acknowledgments xxi Part 1 Patient Care Considerations 1 1 The Gold Standard, Standards of Care, and Spectrum of Care: An Evolving Approach to Diagnostic Medicine 3Ryane E. Englar 1.1 Defining the Gold Standard 3 1.2 Limitations of the Gold Standard 4 1.3 Returning to the Case of the Cat with Stranguria: a Different Perspective on Standards of Care 4 1.4 Limitations to Standards of Care 5 1.5 Spectrum of Care 6 References 7 2 Consultation Room Communication Strategies that Facilitate Dialogue on the Diagnostic Approach to Patient Care 9Ryane E. Englar 2.1 Emergence of Communication as a Clinically Relevant Skill in Human Health Care 9 2.2 The Evolution of Communication in Veterinary Health Care 10 2.3 Communication Skills That Are Essential to Diagnosis-Making 11 2.4 Concepts of Health Literacy and Compliance 13 2.5 Using Easy-to-Understand (Nonmedical) Language 14 2.6 Checking in 15 2.7 Assessing the Client’s Knowledge 17 2.8 Signposting 18 2.9 Addressing the Cost of Care 20 References 22 Part 2 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Blood 27 3 Packed Cell Volume 29Sharon M. Dial 3.1 Procedural Definition: What Is this Test About? 29 3.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 29 3.3 Equipment 29 3.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 30 3.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 33 3.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 33 3.7 Interpreting Test Results 34 3.8 Clinical Case Example(s): Can We Link to the Cases in Chapter 5? 35 3.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 35 3.10 Key Takeaways 36 References 36 4 Total Protein as Measured by Refractometry 37Sharon M. Dial 4.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 37 4.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 37 4.3 Equipment 38 4.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 38 4.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 42 4.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 43 4.7 Interpreting Test Result 43 4.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 44 4.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values 44 4.10 Key Takeaways 44 Reference 45 Suggested References 45 5 Gross and Microscopic Evaluation of the Buffy Coat 46Sharon M. Dial 5.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 46 5.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 46 5.3 Equipment 47 5.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 47 5.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 50 5.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 53 5.7 Interpreting Test Results 53 5.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 54 5.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 54 5.10 Key Takeaways 54 Reference 54 6 The Blood Film 55Sharon M. Dial 6.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 55 6.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 55 6.3 Equipment 55 6.4 Procedural Steps: Preparing the Blood Film How Do I Perform This Test? 56 6.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 64 6.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 64 6.7 Interpreting Test Results 69 6.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 70 6.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 70 6.10 Key Takeaways 70 References 70 Suggested Bench-Side Reference 71 7 Blood Glucose 72Sharon M. Dial 7.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 72 7.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 72 7.3 Equipment 73 7.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 73 7.5 A Note on Quality Control 73 7.6 Procedure for Patient Samples 74 7.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test 76 7.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 76 7.9 Interpreting Test Results 77 7.10 Clinical Case Example(s) 78 7.11 Add-On Tests That you May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values 78 7.12 Key Takeaways 78 References 78 8 Blood Urea Nitrogen 79Sharon M. Dial 8.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 79 8.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 79 8.3 Equipment 80 8.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test? 80 8.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 81 8.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 81 8.7 Interpreting Test Results 82 8.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 82 8.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 82 8.10 Key Takeaways 83 9 Whole Blood Lactate 84Sharon M. Dial 9.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 84 9.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 84 9.3 Equipment 85 9.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 85 9.5 A Note on Quality Control 85 9.6 Procedure for Patient Samples 85 9.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test 87 9.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 87 9.9 Interpreting Test Results 87 9.10 Clinical Case Example(s) 88 9.11 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 88 9.12 Key Takeaways 88 References 88 10 Saline Agglutination Test 89Sharon M. Dial 10.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 89 10.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 89 10.3 Equipment 89 10.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 89 10.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 91 10.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 91 10.7 Interpreting Test Results 92 10.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 92 10.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 92 10.10 Key Takeaways 92 Reference 93 11 Activated Clotting Time 94Sharon M. Dial 11.1 Procedural Definition: (“What Is This Test About?”) 94 11.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 94 11.3 Equipment 94 11.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 94 11.5 Time Estimate To Perform Test 96 11.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 97 11.7 Interpreting Test Results 97 11.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 97 11.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 97 11.10 Key Takeaways 97 Part 3 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Urine 99 12 Assessing Urine’s Physical Properties 101Ryane E. Englar 12.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 101 12.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 101 12.3 Equipment 102 12.4 Procedural Steps 103 12.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 105 12.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 105 12.7 Interpreting Test Results 106 12.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 111 12.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 113 12.10 Key Takeaways 113 12.11 Clinical Pearls 114 References 115 13 Urine Specific Gravity 116Ryane E. Englar 13.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 116 13.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test? 117 13.3 Equipment 117 13.4 Procedural Steps 118 13.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 124 13.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 124 13.7 Interpreting Test Results 124 13.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 126 13.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 127 13.10 Key Takeaways 127 13.11 Clinical Pearls 127 References 128 14 Chemical Evaluation of Urine 130Ryane E. Englar 14.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 130 14.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 132 14.3 Equipment 132 14.4 Procedural Steps 132 14.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 136 14.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 136 14.7 Interpreting Test Results 138 14.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 141 14.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 142 14.10 Key Takeaways 143 14.11 Clinical Pearls 144 References 145 15 Urine Sediment Examination 146Sharon M. Dial 15.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 146 15.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 146 15.3 Equipment 147 15.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 147 15.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 149 15.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 151 15.7 Interpreting Test Results 152 15.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 157 15.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 157 15.10 Key Takeaways 157 Reference 157 Suggested Bench-Side References 158 Part 4 Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Feces 159 16 Assessing the Physical Properties of Fecal Matter 161Ryane E. Englar 16.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 161 16.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 161 16.3 Equipment 164 16.4 Procedural Steps 166 16.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 166 16.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 166 16.7 Interpreting Test Results 172 16.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 183 16.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 183 16.10 Key Takeaways 185 16.11 Clinical Pearls 186 References 187 17 Direct Smears 191Ryane E. Englar 17.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 191 17.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 191 17.3 Equipment 194 17.4 Procedural Steps [1–5, 20, 30, 60–62] 194 17.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 196 17.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 196 17.7 Interpreting Test Results 197 17.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 198 17.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 201 17.10 Key Takeaways 203 17.11 Clinical Pearls 204 References 204 18 Fecal Flotation 207Ryane E. Englar and Jeremy Bessett 18.1 Procedural Definition: What is This Test About? 207 18.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 210 18.3 Options Available for Fecal Flotation 211 18.4 Equipment 213 18.5 Procedural Steps: Fecal Flotation with Fixed-Angle Centrifuge [1–4, 8, 11, 22, 23, 28] 213 18.6 Time Estimate to Perform Fecal Flotation with Fixed-Angle Centrifuge 216 18.7 Brief Consideration of the Procedural Steps in the Event a Swinging Bucket Centrifuge Is Used 217 18.8 Equipment 217 18.9 Procedural Steps 217 18.10 Time Estimate to Perform Passive Fecal Flotation 221 18.11 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting for Fecal Flotation 221 18.12 Interpreting Test Results 221 18.13 Clinical Case Example(s) 227 18.14 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 227 18.15 Key Takeaways 229 18.16 Clinical Pearls 229 References 230 Part 5 Quick Assessment of Body Cavity Fluids 235 19 Body Cavity Fluid Analysis 237Sharon M. Dial 19.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About? 237 19.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test? 237 19.3 Equipment 238 19.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test? 238 19.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test 240 19.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting 240 19.7 Interpreting Test Results 241 19.8 Clinical Case Example(s) 244 19.9 Add-On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value 244 19.10 Key Takeaways 245 References 245 Suggested Bench-Side References 245 Part 6 Clinical Cases 247 20 Clinical Cases 249Jeremy Bessett, with support from Sharon M. Dial Case 1: Fred 249 Case 2: Bella 253 Case 3: Benji 258 Case 4: Mittens 266 Case 5: Star 272 Case 6: Earl 277 Case 7: Sammy 281 Case 8: Coffee 286 Case 9: Dexter 291 Case 10: Tabitha 297 Case 11: Ace 301 Case 12: Timothy 304 Case 13: Duckie 307 Case 14: Angel 311 Case 15: Chase 314 Index 321

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Book SynopsisDoppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner Practical guide to using color flow and spectral Doppler in interpreting echocardiographic findings in veterinary practice Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner provides a clinically oriented quick reference to using color flow and spectral Doppler to interpret echocardiographic findings, enabling readers to learn and apply these techniques and acquire background knowledge of technical factors affecting diagnostic color and spectral Doppler. Practically, the text also serves as a quick checklist for the Doppler features of commonly acquired cardiac diseases in the dog and cat. To aid in reader comprehension, the text contains color images and video clips to support the descriptions. This handbook is not intended as a comprehensive explanation of the echocardiographic features associated with heart disease in animals. Rather, it is intended as the next step for the general practitioner and the non-cardiac sTable of ContentsPreface xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 The Basics: What You Need to Know 1 Doppler Principles as They Apply to Accuracy and Quality of the Exam 1 Doppler shift 1 Types of Doppler 2 Advantages and disadvantages of each type of Doppler 4 The spectral display 4 The color display 6 Nyquist limit and aliasing 8 Accuracy of spectral flow information 12 Optimizing Doppler Displays 14 Color flow 14 Spectral Doppler 19 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 21 Normal laminar flow 21 Turbulent flow 21 Causes of spectral broadening 22 2 The Doppler Examination 23 Spectral Doppler 23 Normal spectral flows in the heart 23 Mitral valve 23 Aorta and LVOT 26 Pulmonary artery and RVOT 27 Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 31 Pulmonary venous flow 32 Left auricular flow 32 Color Flow Doppler 37 Normal color flow in the heart 37 Mitral valve 37 Aorta 38 Pulmonary artery 43 Tricuspid valve 47 3 Applications 55 Pressure Gradients (PGs) 55 PG meaning 55 Normal pressures in the heart and vessels 55 Bernoulli equation 55 Modified equation 55 How can blood flow when pressures in the ventricles and great vessels are the same? 57 Factors Affecting Flow Velocities 57 Volume 57 Narrowed pathway 57 Pressure 57 Limitations of the simplified Bernoulli equation 59 Common Applications of PG in Acquired Heart Disease 59 Using mitral regurgitation 59 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 62 Pulmonary hypertension 63 Diastolic Function and Doppler 66 Definitions 66 Classes of diastolic dysfunction 66 Overview of diastolic function 72 4 Doppler Features in Common Acquired Cardiac Diseases 77 Chronic Valve Disease 77 2D and M-mode features 77 Color flow evaluation 77 Spectral Doppler 80 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 82 2D and M-mode features 82 Color flow evaluation 84 Spectral Doppler 84 Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 84 2D and M-mode features 84 Color flow evaluation 85 Spectral Doppler 87 Diastolic function 88 Dynamic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (DRVOTO) 88 2D and M-mode features 88 Color flow evaluation 90 Spectral Doppler 90 Nonspecific Cardiomyopathy 90 2D and M-mode features 90 These result in diminishing systolic function 90 Color flow evaluation 90 Spectral Doppler 91 Pulmonary Hypertension 92 2D and M-mode features 92 Color flow evaluation 93 Spectral Doppler 93 Appendix 1 Spectral Doppler Reference Ranges for the Dog and Cat 99 Appendix 2 Abbreviations 103 Recommended Reading 105 Index 107

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors xv Preface xviii Acknowledgments xix About the companion website xx 1 The Role of the Veterinary Technician in Animal Behavior 1 Kenneth M. Martin and Debbie Martin 2 Canine Behavior and Development 34 Lisa Radosta 3 Feline Behavior and Development 59 Debbie Martin 4 The Human–Animal Bond – A Brief Look at Its Richness and Complexities 88 Julie K. Shaw and Sarah Lahrman 5 Communication and Connecting the Animal Behavior Team 106 Julie K. Shaw and Lindsey M. Fourez 6 Learning and Behavior Modification 137 Virginia L. Price 7 Problem Prevention 175 Debbie Martin 8 Husbandry and Veterinary Care 245 Debbie Martin and Rachel M. Lees 9 Specific Behavior Modification Techniques and Practical Applications for Behavior Disorders 275 Debbie Martin 10 Introductory Neurophysiology and Psychopharmacology 364 Kenneth M. Martin Appendix Section 1: Forms and Questionnaires Appendix 1 Canine behavior History Form Part 1 393 Appendix 2 Canine Behavior History Form Part 2 398 Appendix 3 Feline Behavior History Form Part 1 403 Appendix 4 Feline Behavior History Form Part 2 408 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Trainer Assessment Form 413 Appendix 7 Determining Pet Owner Strain 415 Appendix 8 Canine Behavior Plan of Care 416 Appendix 9 Behavior Problem List 418 Appendix 10 Technician Observation 419 Appendix 11 Follow- up Communication Form 420 Appendix 12 Behavior Diary 422 Appendix 13 New Kitten (less than 3 months) Questionnaire 424 Appendix 14 New Puppy (less than 4 months) Questionnaire 426 Appendix 15 Juvenile Adolescent or Adult Cat (3 months to ~12 years) Questionnaire 428 Appendix 16 Juvenile Adolescent or Adult Dog (4 months to ~7 years) Questionnaire 430 Appendix 17 Senior or Geriatric cat (11+years) Questionnaire 432 Appendix 18 Senior or Geriatric Dog (~7+years) Questionnaire 434 Appendix 19 Pet Selection Counseling 436 Appendix 20 Canine Breeder Interview Questions 438 Appendix 21 Veterinary Hospital Scavenger Hunt CANINE 440 Appendix 22 Veterinary Hospital Scavenger Hunt Feline 443 Appendix Section 2: Training Exercises Appendix 23 Acclimatizing a Pet to a Crate 447 Appendix 24 Elimination Training log 448 Appendix 25 Shaping Plan for Teaching a Dog to Ring a Bell to go Outside to Eliminate 449 Appendix 26 Preventive Handling and Restraint Exercises 450 Appendix 27 Preventive Food Bowl Exercises 452 Appendix 28 Teaching Tug 453 Appendix Section 3: Samples and Letters Appendix 29 Canine Behavior Plan of Care Sample 457 Appendix 30 Sample Field Assessment 459 Appendix 31 Sample of a Pet Selection Report 463 Appendix 32 Dr. Andrew Luescher’s Letter Regarding Puppy Socialization 467 Appendix 33 Dr. R.K. Anderson’s Letter Regarding Puppy Socialization 469 Appendix 34 Sample Puppy Socialization Class Curriculum 471 Appendix 35 Sample Kitten Class Curriculum 473 Index 474

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors xvii ACVS Foreword xix ACVIM Foreword xxi Preface xxiii About the Companion Website xxv 1 A History of Veterinary Neurosurgery: 1900–2000 1Don Sorjonen Introduction 1 Advances in Imaging Techniques 1 Advances in Spinal Procedures 2 Thoracolumbar (T1–S1) 2 Cervical (C1–C7) 5 Advances in Intracranial Procedures 8 Epilogue 11 References 12 2 Applications of 3D Printing in Veterinary Neurosurgery 17Fred Wininger Steps of the 3D Printing Process 18 Acquisition 18 Thresholding 18 Segmentation 18 File Format Creation 19 Manifold Manipulation 19 Anatomic Modeling 19 Printing 20 Current Spinal Applications 20 Customized Tools 20 Current Brain Applications 21 Future Applications of 3D Printing in Veterinary Neurosurgery 23 References 23 3 Postoperative Radiation Therapy of Intracranial Tumors 25M. W. Nolan Introduction 25 Overview of Radiation Therapy 25 Radiobiology 25 DNA as The Target for Radiation 25 Normal Tissue Injury 26 Rationale for Radiation Fractionation 26 Radiation Physics and Treatment Planning 28 Beam Energy Selection 28 Dose Calculations 28 Target Localization Strategies 29 Delivery Systems 31 Plan Evaluation 32 Specific Tumor Types 33 Meningioma 33 Clinical Data 33 Radiotherapeutic Techniques 34 Glial Tumors 34 Clinical Data 34 Radiotherapeutic Techniques 35 Choroid Plexus Tumors 35 Clinical Data 35 Radiotherapeutic Techniques 35 Spinal Tumors 35 Clinical Data 35 Radiotherapeutic Techniques 36 Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy 36 References 37 4 Practice and Principles of Neuroanesthesia for Imaging and Neurosurgery 39Claudio C. Natalini Introduction 39 Increases in ICP 39 Clinical Signs 39 Dynamics 39 Cerebral Perfusion and Anesthesia 40 The Cushing Reflex and Anesthesia 40 Increases in ICP During Anesthesia 41 ICP and Contrast Myelography 42 Hydrocephalus 42 Neurologic Monitoring: Monitoring Brain State During Anesthesia 42 Modalities of Neurologic Monitoring 42 Electroencephalogram EEG 42 Sensory-Evoked Responses (SERs) and Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) 42 Glycemic Control 42 Monitoring Nociception 42 Other Modalities 43 Sedation versus General Anesthesia for Imaging 43 Regional Anesthesia for Laminectomy, Hemilaminectomy, and Vertebral Fractures 43 Anesthesia Protocol for Intracranial Surgery 43 References 44 Part I Spinal Procedures 45 5 Cervical Ventral Slot Decompression 47Andy Shores and Allison Mooney Cervical IVD Syndrome 47 History 47 Clinical Signs 47 Radiographic Signs 48 Advanced Imaging 49 Indications for Surgery 50 Ventral Approach to the Cervical Spine 50 Decompression of the Cervical Spinal Cord 54 Ventral Slot Method 54 Perioperative and Postoperative Care 58 References 58 6 Thoracolumbar Decompression: Hemilaminectomy and Mini-Hemilaminectomy (Pediculectomy) 59Brigitte A. Brisson Indications 59 Procedures 59 Technique: Surgical Approach for Mini-Hemilaminectomy (Video 6.1) 60 Dorsolateral Approach [14–17] (Video 6.2) 60 Variation 61 Recommended Variation 61 Technique: Mini-Hemilaminectomy Procedure 63 Technique: Surgical Approach for Hemilaminectomy 64 Technique: Hemilaminectomy Procedure 65 Removal of Disk Material: Mini-Hemilaminectomy and Hemilaminectomy 66 Closure 67 Complications 67 Postoperative Care 68 References 68 7 Thoracolumbar Disk Fenestration 70Brigitte A. Brisson Indications 70 Technique – Surgical Approach 71 Variations 72 Technique – Fenestration Procedure (Video 7.1) 72 Blade Fenestration 73 Power Fenestration 73 Other Requirements 75 Closure 75 Complications 75 Postoperative Care 76 References 76 8 Percutaneous Laser Disk Ablation 78Danielle Dugat Introduction 78 Laser Ablation 78 Candidate Selection 79 Procedure Description 80 Procedure Complications and Recurrence 82 Diagnostic Evaluation of PLDA 83 Conclusion 84 References 84 9 The Cranial Thoracic Spine: Approach via Dorsolateral Hemilaminectomy 86Yael Merbl and Annie Vivian Chen-Allen Indications 86 Surgical Anatomy 87 Patient Positioning 87 Surgical Technique 88 Postoperative Care 89 References 90 10 Principles in Surgical Management of Locked Cervical Facets in Dogs 91Andy Shores and Ryan Gibson Introduction 91 Unilateral Locked Cervical Facets in Humans 91 Clinical Presentation 91 Surgical Techniques 92 Postoperative Care 94 Summary/Conclusions 94 References 95 11 Spinal Stabilization: Cervical Vertebral Column 96Bianca F. Hettlich Introduction 96 Preoperative Planning 96 Anatomical Considerations 96 Implant Selection 97 Positioning and Approach 97 Vertebral Distraction 98 Diskectomy 99 Intervertebral Spacer 99 Indication for Additional Decompression 101 Surgical Stabilization 101 Monocortical Screw/PMMA Fixation 101 Vertebral Body Plates 102 Other Techniques 104 Stabilization of Multiple Spaces 105 Postoperative Assessment 105 Complications 106 References 107 12 Stabilization of the Thoracolumbar Spine 109Simon T. Kornberg and Brigitte A. Brisson Preoperative Planning 109 Decompression with Stabilization 111 Technique 111 Implant Selection 111 Thoracolumbar Spine 114 Positioning and Approach 114 Implant Selection 114 Spinal Stapling/Segmental Fixation 116 Lumbosacral Spine 118 Anatomy 118 Positioning and Approach 118 Reduction 119 Implant Selection 119 Postoperative Imaging 120 Complications 120 Aftercare 122 Acknowledgments 122 References 122 13 Surgical Management of Congenital Spinal Anomalies 124Sheila Carrera-Justiz and Gabriel Garcia Diagnostics 124 Treatment 125 Prognosis 126 Future Directions 127 Summary 127 References 127 14 Lumbosacral Decompression and Foraminotomy Techniques 129Stef H. Y. Lim and Michaela Beasley Pathophysiology and Anatomy 129 L7–S1 Foramina Anatomy 129 Diagnosis 130 History and Clinical Signs 130 Physical Examination Findings 130 Orthopedic Examination Findings 130 Neurologic Examination Findings 131 Radiography 131 Myelography (Contrast Study) 132 Computed Tomography (CT) 132 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 133 Force Plate Analysis 134 Electrodiagnostics 134 Treatment: Conservative and Medical Therapy 134 Surgery 134 Dorsal Laminectomy 135 Patient Preparation and Positioning 135 Surgical Technique 135 Foraminotomy 136 Facetectomy 137 Distraction, Fusion, and Stabilization 137 Pins and PMMA 137 SOP Plating 137 Surgical Technique 138 Pedicle Screw and Rod Fixation (PSRF) 138 Minimally-Invasive Transilial Vertebral (MTV) Blocking 138 Postoperative Management 139 References 139 15 Surgical Management of Spinal Nerve Root Tumors 143Ane Uriarte Introduction 143 Clinical Presentations 143 Meningioma 143 Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors 143 Diagnosis 144 Imaging 144 Spinal Meningioma MRI 144 PNST MRI 144 Electrodiagnostics 147 Cytology/Histology 147 Meningiomas 147 PNST 147 Surgery of PNST Within the Spinal Nerves 148 Cervical Approach 148 Positioning 148 Lateral Surgical Approach to Caudal Cervical Foramen After Amputation 148 Dorsal Surgical Approach for Cervical Hemilaminectomy 149 Respiratory Compromise in Cervical Myelopathies 149 Lumbar Approach 150 Approach to the L7–S1 Foramen 150 Postoperative Care 150 Prognosis 151 Radiation Therapy 151 References 151 16 Surgical Management of Craniocervical Junction Anomalies 153Sofia Cerda-Gonzalez Indications 153 Surgical Anatomy 154 Patient Preparation and Positioning 155 Surgical Technique 156 Outcomes 159 References 159 17 Ventral Approach to the Cervicothoracic Spine 161Isidro Mateo Introduction 161 Surgical Anatomy [10–12] 161 Muscles 161 Vessels 163 Nerves 163 Viscera 163 Surgical Technique [10, 12] 163 Clinical Results 165 Conclusion 167 References 167 Part II Intracranial Procedures 169 18 Intraoperative Ultrasound in Intracranial Surgery 171Alison M. Lee, Chris Tollefson and Andy Shores Introduction 171 Artifacts in Imaging 172 Accuracy of Intraoperative Ultrasound 173 Scanning Procedure and Equipment 173 Appearance of Tumor on Ultrasound 175 Ultrasound Guided Procedures 177 Conclusion 177 References 177 19 Brain Biopsy Techniques 179John Rossmeisl and Annie Chen Introduction 179 Indications and Contraindications 179 Frame-based Stereotactic Brain Biopsy (SBBfb) 179 SBBfb Technique 181 Preoperative Evaluation 181 Headframe Placement and Acquisition of Stereotactic Images 181 SBBfb Planning 181 SBBfb Procedure 183 Postoperative Care and Adverse Events 184 Processing of Brain Biopsy Specimens 184 Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy (SBBfl) 185 SBBfl Technique 185 Attachment of the Fiducial Markers 185 Acquisition of Magnetic Resonance Images 186 Registration Procedure 186 Trajectory Planning 187 Brain Biopsy 187 Biopsy Sample Processing 187 Conclusion 187 References 188 20 Surgical Management of Sellar Masses 190Tina Owen, Annie Chen-Allen and Linda Martin Introduction 190 Case Selection 191 Preoperative Work up 192 Neurologic Exam 192 Preoperative Testing and Diagnostics 193 Endocrine Testing 193 Brain Imaging 193 Imaging of Pituitary Masses 194 Imaging of Non-Pituitary Sellar Masses 195 Surgery 196 Anatomy 196 Localization 196 Positioning 197 Approach 197 Surgical Outcome 198 In Hospital Care 200 Postoperative Management and Monitoring 200 Postoperative Complications 200 Endocrine and Metabolic Complications 200 Respiratory Complications 203 Neurologic Complications 204 Procedural Related Complications 204 Long term Follow Up 205 References 206 21 Surgical Management and Intraoperative Strategies for Tumors of the Skull 211Jonathan F. McAnulty Osteosarcoma and Multilobular Osteochrondrosarcoma of the Cranium 211 Diagnosis and Characterization 212 Surgical Planning and Treatment 212 Exposure 212 Challenges in Skull Tumor Resection 214 Parietal Calvarial and Dorsal Frontal Bone Lesions 214 Frontal Bone within the Orbit and Sphenoid Bone Lesions 215 Occipital Bone Lesions 215 MRI Assessment of Blood Flow to the Transverse Sinuses 216 Slow Occlusion of Flow from the DSS to the Transverse Sinus Using a Balloon Catheter 217 Extension of Tumor to the tentorium Cerebelli 218 Zygomatic Arch and Ramus of the Mandible 218 Complications and Risks 219 Cranioplasty 220 References 221 22 Surgical Management of Intracranial Meningiomas 223R. Timothy Bentley Introduction 223 Anatomy 223 Transfrontal Craniotomy (Bilateral Transfrontal Craniotomy) 225 Technique 225 Closure 227 Modifications 228 The Falx Cerebri and the Dorsal Sagittal Sinus (DSS) 229 Rostrotentorial Craniectomy/Craniotomy (Lateral Craniectomy/Craniotomy) 231 Technique 232 Closure: Craniectomy vs Craniotomy 233 Combined Rostrotentorial–Transfrontal Approach 234 Suboccipital Craniectomy (See Also Chapter 24 Surgery of Caudal Fossa Tumors) 235 Technique 235 Closure 236 Meningioma Resection and Instrumentation 236 Simpson Classification of Meningioma Resection in Humans (Table 22.2) 237 Substitutes for Resected Dura Mater 237 Complications and Mitigation Strategies 239 References 239 23 Lateral Ventricular Fenestration 241Andy Shores Introduction 241 Rationale 241 Technique 242 Potential Complications 243 Discussion 243 References 248 24 Surgery of the Caudal Fossa 249Beverly K. Sturges Anatomy 249 Indications for Surgery 250 Preoperative Assessment and Anesthetic Management 251 Surgical Positioning 251 Surgical Approach(es) to the Caudal Fossa 252 Midline Occipital Approach [3–5] 252 Extended Lateral Approach with Occlusion of The Transverse Sinus [3, 6] 255 Lateral Approach to The Cerebellum in Cats [8] 258 Closing and Reconstruction 258 Postoperative Care 259 Complications 260 References 261 25 Transzygomatic Approach to Ventrolateral Craniotomy/Craniectomy 262Martin Young and Sandy Chen Introduction 262 Patient Positioning/Preparation 262 Surgical Procedure 263 References 266 Index 269

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Book SynopsisSmall Animal Ophthalmic Atlas and Guide is designed to offer a quick reference to common ocular conditions in dogs and cats, presenting high-quality color photographs to facilitate diagnosis and offering details on each condition to support clinicians in clinical decision making. In addition to updates throughout, the Second Edition includes significantly more images than the previous edition, with updates to images to include more representative examples where possible. In Small Animal Ophthalmic Atlas and Guide, the image section is organized by area of the eye, making it easy to find and compare images to make a diagnosis, and the disease section is carefully targeted to the most crucial details for developing a management plan. A companion website provides video clips. Written by a veterinary ophthalmologist working at a busy urban center, Small Animal Ophthalmic Atlas and Guide includes information on: Orbital disease, including inflammatory and neoplastic diseaseEyelid and adnexal disease, such as abnormal hairs (distichiae, ectopic ciliae, and trichiasis), conformational abnormalities (entropion, ectropion, etc.), and third eyelid abnormalities such as gland prolapseCorneal and conjunctival disease, including tear film disorders, causes of keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, and feline surface ocular diseaseAnterior uveal conditions, covering uveal cysts, anterior uveitis, and anterior uveal neoplasiaLenticular disease, such as cataract and lens instabilityThe posterior segment, covering normal fundic appearance, chorioretinitis, retinal degeneration, and retinal detachmentRecognition and management of glaucoma With its broad coverage of essential topics and accessible images that help with accurate and fast diagnoses, Small Animal Ophthalmic Atlas and Guide is an essential reference for small animal general practitioners, students, residents, and interns, and can also be used as a reference to show examples to clients.Table of ContentsPreface, xiii List of abbreviations, xv Glossary, xvii About the companion website, xxi Section I Atlas, 1 1 Orbit, 3 2 Eyelids, 10 3 Third eyelid, nasolacrimal system, and precorneal tear film, 25 4 Conjunctiva, 32 5 Cornea, 39 6 Anterior uvea, 65 7 Lens, 84 8 Posterior segment, 97 9 Glaucoma, 116 Section II Guide, 121 10 Orbit, 123 11 Eyelids, 134 12 The third eyelid, nasolacrimal system, and precorneal tear film, 147 13 Conjunctiva, 155 14 Cornea, 162 15 Anterior uvea, 183 16 Lens, 193 17 Posterior segment, 200 18 Glaucoma, 214 Further reading, 218 References, 218 Index, 221

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Book SynopsisIntegrative Veterinary Medicine Practical guide integrating holistic modalities into Western veterinary practice to help with patient treatment Integrative Veterinary Medicine provides a clinically oriented, evidence-based guide to integrating complementary and conventional therapies into veterinary practice. Covering acupuncture, manual therapies, botanical and herbal medicine, integrative nutrition, and physical rehabilitation, the book draws information on these modalities together into a single resource. Rooted in evidence-based medicine, it demonstrates how to use these modalities in veterinary practice. The book begins by discussing the basic concepts of integrative veterinary medicine, then examines each modality in detail. A companion website offers video clips showing acupuncture techniques. In Integrative Veterinary Medicine, readers can expect to find detailed information on topics such as: Anatomy and physiology of acupuncture with relation to soft tissue and neurologic concepts, and traditional Chinese theory of acupuncture (Yin and Yang, Five Element Theory, and The Meridians)Veterinary manipulative therapy (neurology, biomechanics, and available evidence), and massage therapy and myofascial principlesOrigins and major systems of herbal therapy with selected evidence-based interventions and adverse events, herb-drug interactions, supplement evaluation, and regulationTrends in nutrition, such as raw diets, home-prepared diets, grain-free diets, owner perception, and current marketing Covering common modalities across all species in one volume, Integrative Veterinary Medicine is an essential reference for any veterinary practitioner wishing to use integrative techniques in their practices, as well as veterinary students, academics, and researchers involved in programs of study related to integrative veterinary medicine.Table of ContentsContents List of Abbreviations viii About the Editors ix List of Contributors xi Preface xiii About the Companion Website xiv Section I Basic Concepts 1 Mushtaq A. Memon 1 Introduction to Integrative Veterinary Medicine 3 Mushtaq A. Memon 2 Applications of Evidence-based Medicine to IVM and Current Controversies 10 Roselle Hartwigsen 3 Integration of Complementary Therapies with Conventional Therapy: Multimodal Approach 15 John A. Perdrizet Section II Acupuncture 23 Huisheng Xie 4 Anatomy and Physiology of Acupuncture 25 Emily Mangan 5 Traditional Chinese Medical Foundation of Veterinary Acupuncture 32 Emily Mangan 6 Integrative Acupuncture: Clinical Approaches and Current Scientific Literature 42 Emily Mangan Section III Manual Therapies 55 Marilyn Maler 7 Veterinary Manipulative Therapy: Neurology, Biomechanics, and Available Evidence 57 Marilyn Maler 8 Massage Therapy and Myofascial Principles 63 Marilyn Maler Section IV Botanical and Herbal Therapies 71 Signe Beebe 9 Herbal Medicine – Origins and Major Systems of Herbal Therapy with Selected Evidence-based Interventions 73 Signe Beebe 10 Herbal Medicine Regulation, Adverse Events, and Herb-Drug Interactions 79 Signe Beebe Section V Integrative Nutrition 85 Laura Gaylord 11 Novel Trends in Nutrition: Pet Food Categorization, Owner Perception and Current Marketing 87 Donna Raditic and Laura Gaylord 12 Integrative Nutrition in Select Conditions: Obesity, Performance, Physical Rehabilitation 94 Laura Gaylord and Donna Raditic Section VI Physical Rehabilitation 103 Janice Huntingford 13 Introduction to Rehabilitation 105 Ronald B. Koh and Janice Huntingford 14 Common Therapeutic Modalities in Animal Rehabilitation 113 Ronald B. Koh and Janice Huntingford 15 Modalities Used in Rehabilitation—Land and Aquatic Exercises 134 Ronald B. Koh and Janice Huntingford 16 Integrative Treatment of Common Musculoskeletal and Neurological Conditions 144 Ronald B. Koh and Janice Huntingford Section VII Additional Complementary Therapies 157 Mushtaq A. Memon 17 Ayurveda 159 Tejinder Sodhi and Rupali Sodhi 18 Veterinary Ozone and Prolotherapy 165 Signe Beebe Section VIII Integration of Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 173 Judith E. Saik 19 Integrative Approach to Cardiovascular Disease 175 Kristina M. Erwin 20 Integrative Pain Management 182 Carolina Medina 21 Integrative Approach to Neurology 190 Patrick Roynard 22 Integrative Oncology 205 Kendra Pope 23 Integrative Management of Abnormal Small Animal Behavior 221 Cynthia McDowell 24 Clinical Application of Chinese Herbal Medicine 229 Judith E. Saik 25 Case Based Approach to Integrative Veterinary Practice 236 Mitchell McKee 26 Clinical Application of Integrative Veterinary Medicine in Equine Practice 251 Amelia Munsterman Index 257

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Book SynopsisComprehensive reference on the diseases and applied epidemiology of all aquatic animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners provides information on the diseases and applied epidemiology of all aquatic animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates, along with information on applied epidemiology, acknowledging the One Health concept, and discussion on probabilities of disease outbreaks occurring and assesses the economic costs of treating those outbreaks, if applicable. Divided into two sections, the book looks at the pathology of major aquatic taxa and their associated infectious diseasesparasitic, viral, and bacterialand non-infectious diseases. Each includes an overview, their host range and transmission, signs and diagnosis, differentials, and treatment and management. These assets are accompanied by clinical signs-lesion differential charts. Sample topics discussed in Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases include: Echinoderms, including crinoidea (crinoids, sea lilies, feather stars, and asteroidea), sea stars/starfish, and ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars)Reptiles, including turtles (freshwater and marine), crocodilians, marine iguanas, and sea snakesPinnipeds, including otariidae (eared seals), odobenidae (walruses), phocidae (earless seals), mustelidae (otters), and sirenia (manatees and dugongs)Tropical marine aquarium fish (damselfish, angelfish, gobies, wrasses, parrotfish, butterfly fish, and clownfish) and anemones. A highly useful reference for veterinary practitioners, academic staff, and researchers, Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases is also suitable for those who are interested in aquatic veterinary medicine and serves as a companion to Fundamentals of Aquatic Veterinary Medicine, written by the same editorial team.Trade Review"llustrated throughout in full color, "Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners" is a comprehensive and thoroughly 'user friendly' reference for veterinary students, veterinary practitioners, academic staff, and and aquatic life researchers. Unreservedly recommended for personal, professional, community, and college/university library Aquatic Veterinary collections"- Library Bookwatch, Midwest book Review, 28/11 (Nov 23)"Exceptionally well organized and presented and a highly useful reference for veterinary medicine practitioners, academic staff, and researchers, "Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners" is also suitable for anyone interested in aquatic veterinary medicine...unreservedly recommended as a core addition to professional, college, and university Veterinarian Medicine collections."- Paul T. Vogel, MBR Bookwatch, Midwest Book Review, 22/6 (June 2023)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xxi Foreword xxii Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxiv Part I Pathology of Aquatic Animal Species 1 1 Aquatic Invertebrates 3Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Kelly Bateman, Morag Clinton, Leo Foyle, Gregory Lewbart, Richmond Loh, and Julius Tepper 2 Teleost Fish 81Laura Urdes and Marius Hangan 3 Amphibians 115María J. Forzán 4 Reptiles 136Karina Jones and Ellen Ariel 5 Aquatic Birds 177Nicole M. Nemeth 6 Aquatic Mammals 214Pádraig Duignan Part II Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics 351 7 Epidemiology Keyword Refresher 353Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 8 Diagnostics: Sampling and Diagnostic Testing 376Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 9 Biosecurity: The Use of Risk Assessment, Surveillance, Outbreak Investigation, Modelling Disease Outbreaks 382Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 10 Animal Health Economics 404Chris Walster and Leo Foyle Index 415

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xvii About the Companion Website xix Section I Understanding a Microbiome 1 1 Common Definitions 3 1.1 Microbiome 3 1.2 Microbiota 4 1.3 Pathogens 5 1.4 Symbiosis 8 1.5 Dysbiosis 11 1.6 Probiotics 12 1.7 Prebiotics 15 1.8 Synbiotics 16 1.9 Biological Markers (Biomarkers) and Their Measurement 16 1.9.1 Genes, the Genome, and Genomics 17 1.9.2 Metabolites, the Metabolome, and Metabolomics 19 1.9.2.1 Metabonomics 22 1.9.3 The Proteome and Proteomics 23 Glossary 23 References 25 2 Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome 32 2.1 What Is the Gastrointestinal Microbiome? 32 2.2 Metabolic Functions 32 2.2.1 Short-Chain Fatty Acids 33 2.2.2 Gases 35 2.2.3 Amino Acids 35 2.2.4 Vitamins and Minerals 36 2.3 Structural Functions 37 2.3.1 Tight Junctions and Intestinal Permeability 37 2.4 Protective Functions 38 2.4.1 Bacteriocins 38 2.4.2 Quorum-Sensing 39 2.4.3 Immune Response 39 2.5 Participation in Bidirectional Axis Communication 39 2.6 Chapter Summary 39 References 40 3 The Origin and Development of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome 44 3.1 In Utero 44 3.2 Factors Influencing the Initial Colonization of Microbiota 45 3.2.1 Presentation at Birth 46 3.2.2 Environmental Exposure 47 3.2.3 Diet Type and Method of Feeding 47 3.2.4 Age 48 3.3 Dysbiosis During Microbiome Development 49 3.4 Key Nutritional Factors 53 3.4.1 Maternal Colostrum and Maternal Milk 53 3.4.2 Prebiotics 53 3.4.3 Non-maternal Colostrum 54 3.4.4 Commercial Milk Replacer 55 3.5 Chapter Summary 55 References 55 4 Factors Affecting the Diversity and Density of the Microbiomes 59 4.1 Physiological Factors 60 4.1.1 Genetics 60 4.1.2 Age 60 4.1.3 Sex 62 4.1.4 Nutrition 62 4.1.5 Environment 64 4.2 Pathophysiological Factors 65 4.2.1 Stress 65 4.2.2 Pharmaceutical Therapy 65 4.2.2.1 Antimicrobials 65 4.2.2.2 Other Pharmaceuticals 67 4.3 Chapter Summary 67 References 68 5 Essential Nutrients and the Microbiota 73 5.1 Protein 74 5.1.1 Quantity 75 5.1.2 Quotient 75 5.1.3 Quality 76 5.2 Carbohydrates 77 5.2.1 Simple Carbohydrates 77 5.2.2 Complex Carbohydrates 78 5.2.2.1 Solubility 79 5.2.2.2 Fermentability 79 5.3 Fat 82 5.4 Vitamins and Minerals 82 5.4.1 Vitamins 83 5.4.1.1 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 83 5.4.1.2 Water-Soluble Vitamins 84 5.4.2 Minerals 86 5.5 Processing and Digestibility of Nutrients 87 5.6 Chapter Summary 88 References 89 6 Current Methods for Microbiome Analysis 96 6.1 Introduction 96 6.2 Why is it Important to Characterize the Microbiome? 99 6.3 Sample Collection and Preservation Methods 100 6.4 Current Methods for Microbiome Analysis 101 6.4.1 Microscopy 103 6.4.2 Cultivation 103 6.4.3 Molecular Methods 104 6.4.3.1 Quantitative PCR Panels 104 6.4.3.2 Amplicon Sequencing: 16S, 18S, and ITS 106 6.4.3.3 Metagenomic Sequencing 106 6.4.3.4 Metabolomics 107 6.5 Chapter Summary 108 References 108 7 Microbiome- Centric Management of Dysbiosis 112 7.1 Key Nutritional Factors 113 7.2 Probiotics 114 7.3 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 115 7.4 Bacteriophages 117 7.5 Chapter Summary 118 References 118 Section II The Microbiome’s Involvement in Body Systems 127 8 The Immune System 129 8.1 Innate and Adaptive Immunity 129 8.1.1 Innate Immune System 129 8.1.1.1 Physical Barriers 130 8.1.1.2 Cellular Protection 130 8.1.1.3 Humoral Immune Response 131 8.1.2 Adaptive Immune System 131 8.1.2.1 Lymphocytes 131 8.1.2.2 Antibodies 132 8.1.3 Immune System Maturation 132 8.2 The Microbiome’s Involvement in Immunity 132 8.2.1 Germ- Free Animals 133 8.2.2 Intestinal Permeability’s Association with the Immune System 133 8.2.3 Cancer’s Association with the Immune System and GI Microbiome 134 8.2.3.1 Immunotherapy 135 8.3 Supportive Nutrients 136 8.3.1 Prebiotics 136 8.3.2 Probiotics 137 8.3.3 Postbiotics 137 8.3.3.1 Short Chain Fatty Acids 137 8.3.3.2 Colostrum (Bovine) 137 8.4 Chapter Summary 138 References 139 9 The Endocannabinoid System 141 9.1 Endocannabinoid System 141 9.2 The Endocannabinoidome Axis 142 9.3 Chapter Summary 145 References 146 10 Respiratory System Microbiome 148 10.1 The Respiratory System Microbiome 148 10.2 Factors Affecting Diversity and Density 149 10.3 Diseases Associated with Dysbiosis 152 10.3.1 Asthma 153 10.3.2 Bacterial Pneumonia 153 10.3.3 Upper Respiratory Infection 154 10.4 Key Nutritional Factors 155 10.4.1 Probiotics 155 10.4.2 Minerals, Vitamins, and Antioxidants 155 10.4.3 Omega 3 Fatty Acids 156 10.5 Chapter Summary 156 References 157 11 Oral Microbiomes 159 11.1 The Oral Microbiome 159 11.2 Factors Affecting Diversity and Density 160 11.3 Diseases Associated with Dysbiosis and Inflammation 162 11.3.1 Periodontal Disease 162 11.3.1.1 Stomatitis 164 11.3.1.2 Glossitis 164 11.3.2 Systemic Antimicrobials 164 11.4 Key Nutritional Factors 164 11.5 Chapter Summary 165 References 166 12 Aural Microbiome 167 12.1 The Aural Microbiome 167 12.2 Factors Affecting Diversity and Density 168 12.2.1 Influencing Factors 168 12.2.2 Biofilms 168 12.3 Diseases Associated with Dysbiosis 170 12.4 Key Nutritional Factors 173 12.5 Chapter Summary 173 References 174 13 Integumentary Microbiomes 175 13.1 The Cutaneous Microbiome 175 13.2 Factors Affecting Diversity and Density 176 13.2.1 Environment 176 13.2.2 Diet and the Gut Microbiome 178 13.2.3 Pharmaceuticals 178 13.3 Diseases Associated with Dysbiosis 178 13.3.1 Dysfunctional Barrier Syndrome 178 13.3.2 Atopic Dermatitis 181 13.4 Key Nutritional Factors 182 13.4.1 Protein 182 13.4.2 Essential Fatty Acids 183 13.4.3 Fiber 183 13.4.4 Vitamins 184 13.4.5 Minerals 184 13.5 Chapter Summary 184 References 185 14 Hepatic Circulation and Bile Acid Involvement with Microbiomes 189 14.1 Hepatic Circulation and Bile Acid Metabolism 189 14.1.1 Primary Bile Acids 190 14.1.1.1 Conjugation of Primary Bile Acids 190 14.1.2 The Function of the Gallbladder and Micelles 190 14.1.3 Recycling of Bile Acids 191 14.1.4 Secondary Bile Acids 192 14.2 Microbiota’s Role in Bile Acid Metabolism 192 14.2.1 Deconjugation 192 14.2.2 Dehydroxylation 193 14.2.3 Oxidation and Epimerization 193 14.2.4 Re- Conjugation 194 14.3 Bile and Bile Acids Fundamental Roles in the Regulation of Various Physiological Systems 195 14.3.1 Digestion 195 14.3.2 Metabolism 195 14.3.3 Cell Signaling 195 14.3.4 Microbiome Composition 195 14.3.5 Immune Homeostasis 195 14.3.6 Exogenous and Endogenous Substrate Disposal 196 14.3.7 Circulatory System Support 196 14.4 Nutrients in Bile 196 14.4.1 Fats (Cholesterol) 196 14.4.2 Proteins 196 14.4.3 Vitamins 197 14.4.4 Other 197 14.5 Liver–Gut–Brain Axis 197 14.6 Bile Acid Dysmetabolism 199 14.6.1 Diseases Associated with Bile Acid Dysmetabolism 201 14.6.1.1 Aging 201 14.6.1.2 Diabetes Mellitus 202 14.6.1.3 Bile Acid Diarrhea 203 14.7 Key Nutritional Factors 203 14.7.1 Water 203 14.7.2 Fat 204 14.7.3 Protein 204 14.7.4 Carbohydrates 204 14.7.5 Fiber 205 14.7.6 Probiotics 205 14.8 Chapter Summary 206 References 207 15 Gastrointestinal Microbiomes 210 15.1 The Gastrointestinal Microbiome 210 15.1.1 The Pharyngeal Microbiome 210 15.1.2 The Esophageal Microbiome 211 15.1.3 The Gastric Microbiome 212 15.1.4 The Intestinal Microbiome 213 15.2 The GI Microbiome’s Role in the Production of Vitamins 217 15.3 Conditions Affected by or Associated with the GI Microbiome 217 15.3.1 Chronic Enteropathies 219 15.3.1.1 Antibiotic- Responsive Enteropathy 219 15.3.1.2 Food- Responsive Enteropathy 220 15.3.1.3 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 220 15.3.2 Dietary Hypersensitivity and Atopy 221 15.3.3 Obesity 223 15.3.4 Diabetes Mellitus 223 15.3.5 Neoplasia 224 15.3.6 Congestive Heart Failure 225 15.3.7 Chronic Kidney Disease 225 15.4 Chapter Summary 226 References 226 16 Neurological Interactions with Microbiomes 234 16.1 The Nervous System 235 16.2 The Gut–Brain Communication Axis 237 16.2.1 Enteroendocrine and Neuroendocrine Cells 237 16.2.2 Microbial Metabolites 238 16.2.2.1 Gastrotransmitter – Gas Metabolites 239 16.2.2.2 Short- Chain Fatty Acids 240 16.2.2.3 Neurotransmitters 242 16.2.2.4 GI Microbiota- Derived Cellular Components 244 16.2.3 The Importance of Barrier Function 244 16.3 Anxiety 245 16.4 Cognitive Dysfunction 247 16.5 Psychobiotics 249 16.6 Nutrients 250 16.6.1 Simple Carbohydrates 250 16.6.2 Fat and Essential Fatty Acids 250 16.6.2.1 Medium- Chain Triglycerides (MCT) 250 16.6.2.2 Omega 3 Fatty Acids 251 16.6.3 Vitamin and Mineral “Brain Blend” 251 16.6.4 Fiber Sources – Oligosaccharides 252 16.7 Chapter Summary 252 References 254 17 Urinary System 258 17.1 GI–Renal Axis 258 17.2 Urobiome 261 17.2.1 Urinary Tract Infections 261 17.2.2 Biofilm in the Bladder 264 17.3 Defenses Against Urinary Tract Infections 265 17.3.1 Innate Immune System’s Role 265 17.3.1.1 Bacterial Interference 265 17.3.1.2 Pilicides and Curlicides 266 17.4 Key Nutritional Factors 266 17.4.1 Mannose (D- Mannose) 266 17.5 Chapter Summary 267 References 267 Section III Emerging Ingredients and Alternative Diets 269 18 Raw Ingredient Diets 273 18.1 Raw vs Cooking 274 18.1.1 Starches and Vegetables 274 18.1.2 Meat (Protein) 275 18.2 Comparing Extruded, Canned, and Raw 277 18.3 Antimicrobial Resistance 279 18.4 Fermented Products 282 18.5 Chapter Summary 283 References 284 19 Grain and Gluten- Free Diets 288 19.1 Grains 288 19.1.1 Nutrients from Grains 289 19.1.1.1 Fiber 289 19.1.1.2 Lipids 289 19.1.1.3 Phenolics 290 19.1.2 Obesity’s Relationship to Grains 290 19.1.3 Processing’s Effect on Grain Nutrient Profile 291 19.2 Gluten 291 19.3 Chapter Summary 291 References 292 20 Cannabinoids 293 20.1 Regulations on Cannabis Products 293 20.2 By- products of the Plant as an Ingredient Source 294 20.3 Concerns About the Health and Safety of Cannabis Products in Animal Feed 295 20.4 Cannabidiol Supplementation Effects on the Microbiome 295 20.5 Antimicrobial Effects of Cannabis 297 20.6 Current Diets on the World Pet Food Market 298 20.7 Chapter Summary 298 References 298 21 Insects 301 21.1 Black Soldier Fly Larvae 301 21.1.1 Adjustable Nutrient Profile 302 21.1.2 Natural Decomposers 302 21.1.3 Non- Disease Vector Species 302 21.1.4 Reduce Pathogen and Other Vermin on Decaying Matter 302 21.1.5 Production of Antimicrobial Peptides 302 21.1.6 BSFL GI Microbiome 303 21.1.7 Probiotics for BSFL 303 21.2 Heavy Metal and Mycotoxin Accumulation in Insects 304 21.3 Chitin 304 21.4 The Effects on the Host GI Microbiome 305 21.5 Chapter Summary 307 References 307 Section IV Communication and Nutrition Plans for Pet Parents 311 22 Communicating with Pet Parents 313 22.1 From the Pet Parent Perspective 313 22.2 How the Brain Processes New Information 314 22.2.1 The Protection Motivation Theory 314 22.2.1.1 Receipt of Knowledge 314 22.2.1.2 Threat Appraisal 316 22.2.1.3 Coping Appraisal 316 22.2.1.4 Behavior or Intention 317 22.3 Improving Action Results 318 22.3.1 Steps to Create a Successful Action Plan 318 22.3.1.1 Step 1 Identify the Threat 318 22.3.1.2 Step 2 Develop a Plan 318 22.4 Supporting Pet Parents Through the Decision- Making Process 319 22.4.1 Dr. Google 319 22.4.2 Provide Learning Tools 320 22.4.3 Understanding Financial Constraints 320 22.5 Improving Conversations 322 22.5.1 Lose the Judgment – Validate Pet Parents Emotions 322 22.6 Providing Continuing Support to Pet Parents 323 22.6.1 Staying in Touch 323 22.6.2 How Often to Request Contact 325 22.7 Chapter Summary 325 References 326 23 Documenting a Nutrition History 328 23.1 How to Ask the Right Questions 328 23.1.1 Closed- Ended Questions 328 23.1.2 Open- Ended Questions 329 23.1.3 Probing Questions 329 23.1.4 Using Appropriate Tone 330 23.1.5 Timing Is Everything 330 23.2 Nutrition Questionnaire 330 23.2.1 What to Include in a Nutrition History 331 23.2.1.1 A More In- Depth History Form Should Inquire about 332 23.3 Chapter Summary 333 References 334 24 Dietary Treatment Plans 335 24.1 Pet Parents Want Veterinary Nutrition Recommendations 335 24.2 Increasing the Value of Nutrition Plans 335 24.3 Components of a Nutrition Plan 336 24.3.1 Diet Recommendation 337 24.3.2 Caloric Goals 337 24.3.2.1 Main Meal(s) 337 24.3.2.2 Treat Goals 337 24.3.3 Timeline 337 24.3.3.1 Action Plan 338 24.3.3.2 Information About the Pet’s Condition or Life Stage 338 24.4 Chapter Summary 338 References 339 25 Calculations for the Nutrition Consultation 340 25.1 Energy Requirements 340 25.1.1 Resting Energy Requirements 340 25.1.2 Maintenance Energy Requirements 342 25.1.3 Calculation for Growth 342 25.1.4 Calculating for Pregnancy 342 25.1.5 Calculating for Lactation 343 25.2 Calculating kcal/cup or kcal/can from Energy Requirement 343 25.2.1 Formulations 344 25.2.1.1 Calculating Diet 1 kcal where a Set Percentage of the can/cup or Multiple cans(cups) Volumes are Predetermined 344 25.3 Calculating kcal per day by Weight (grams) 344 25.4 Calculating Calories from Nutrients and Metabolizable Energy 345 25.4.1 Calculating NFE 345 25.4.2 Calculating % of kcals from the Macronutrients 345 25.4.3 Calculating Metabolizable Energy 345 25.5 Calculating Percentage of Body Weight Loss 346 25.6 Calculating Energy Requirements for a Critical Care Patient 346 25.7 Calculating Water Requirements 347 25.8 Calculating Metabolic Water 347 25.9 Feeding and Transition Plan Formulations 347 25.9.1 Calculating Meals by kcal per Meal 347 25.9.2 Calculating Meals by Volume per Meal 347 25.10 Creating a Feeding Plan 348 25.10.1 General Guidelines for Diet Transitions 348 25.10.2 Immediate Diet Transition (For Critical Care and Initial Calorie Restricted Diet Changes) 348 25.11 Chapter Summary 348 References 350 Index 351

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Book SynopsisTechniques in Small Animal Wound Management A thorough and practical guide to the surgical and non-surgical treatment of small animal wounds Techniques in Small Animal Wound Management focuses on surgical and non-surgical management techniques for the wide variety of wounds that clinicians in any stage of training or clinical practice treat in veterinary medicine. A comprehensive but accessible guide to wound management in small animal patients, this textbook covers all important wound management modalities and available products. This book includes detailed information on currently available products, including specific indications and instructions for use, and step-by-step descriptions of techniques used to treat wounds, making it an indispensable resource for small animal veterinary practitioners. Topics discussed range from the anatomy of wounded tissues, phases of healing, and classification of wounds to initial treatments, dressings, vacuum-assisted bandages, and surgical reconstructions. In Techniques in Small Animal Wound Management, readers will also find: Step-by-step instructions for using innovative wound management tools such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, laser therapy, stem cell/platelet-derived treatments, leeches, and maggots. Detailed discussions of specific uses and indications for topicals, dressings, drains, bandages, and many other tools and techniques. Clinically oriented chapters offering tips for specific wounds such as burns, bite wounds, eyelid, lip, and ear wounds, and necrotizing fasciitis. Techniques in Small Animal Wound Management is an ideal practical reference for all veterinary students, small animal veterinary practitioners, and veterinary surgeons looking for a comprehensive guide to the wounds we treat.

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Book SynopsisA book on managing neurology cases in small animal practice, with video clips on a companion website. It provides information for diagnosing and treating neurological conditions. It retains the logical structure and easy-to-follow outline format of the previous editions.Trade Review"There is also an impressive list of references at the end of each chapter should the reader need more details. A great tool for those of us who are serious about their neurology." (Vet Nurses Today, 1 January 2016) "The third updated edition of Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology appears in full color and is a powerful 'must have' veterinary reference, representing a complete update to a reference on managing neurology cases in small animal practice." (Midwest Book Review 2016) "I believe this book should be part of every veterinarian's library. It is an easy reference for readers who need to look something up quickly. The text is written in a manner that is easy to read for veterinary students and veterinarians who are still uncomfortable with neurology, yet it is comprehensive for residents who are studying for board (medical and surgical) certification as well as specialists who are already certified." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 15 June 2016) "The Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, though being a textbook with a target audience of veterinarians, is written using clear language and medical terminology that would make it a useful addition to any veterinary clinic library. The Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, though being a textbook with a target audience of veterinarians, is written using clear language and medical terminology that would make it a useful addition to any veterinary clinic library." (New Zealand Veterinary Nurse, 2016) "This book is a must-have for those dealing with neurology on a daily basis." (Zoran Loncar, EJCAP 2016)Table of ContentsAbout the Editors vii Notes on Contributors viii Preface ix Acknowledgments x About the Companion Website xi 1 Signalment and History: The First Considerations 1Curtis W. Dewey & Ronaldo C. da Costa 2 Performing the Neurologic Examination 9Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. da Costa, & William B. Thomas 3 Lesion Localization: Functional and Dysfunctional Neuroanatomy 29Curtis W. Dewey 4 Differential Diagnosis 53Ronaldo C. da Costa & Curtis W. Dewey 5 Neurodiagnostics 61Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. da Costa, & Julie M. Ducote´ 6 Principles and Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Brain and Spine 87Silke Hecht & Ronaldo C. da Costa 7 Encephalopathies: Disorders of the Brain 141Curtis W. Dewey 8 Head-Trauma Management 237Curtis W. Dewey & Daniel J. Fletcher 9 Seizures and Narcolepsy 249William B. Thomas & Curtis W. Dewey 10 Involuntary Movements and Paroxysmal Disorders 269Simon Platt 11 Disorders of Hearing and Balance: The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) and Associated Structures 277Sean G. Sanders 12 Cerebellar Diseases and Tremor Syndromes 299Sean G. Sanders 13 Myelopathies: Disorders of the Spinal Cord 329Curtis W. Dewey & Ronaldo C. da Costa 14 Disorders of the Cauda Equina 405Curtis W. Dewey & Ronaldo C. da Costa 15 Spinal Trauma Management 423Daniel J. Fletcher, Curtis W. Dewey, & Ronaldo C. da Costa 16 Neurology and Neuropharmacology of Normal and Abnormal Urination 437Curtis W. Dewey & Ronaldo C. da Costa 17 Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System: Mononeuropathies and Polyneuropathies 445Curtis W. Dewey & Lauren R. Talarico 18 Myopathies: Disorders of Skeletal Muscle 481Curtis W. Dewey & Lauren R. Talarico 19 Junctionopathies: Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction 521Jacques Penderis & Paula Martin-Vaquero 20 Nursing Care and Rehabilitation Therapy for Patients with Neurologic Disease 559Mary Tefend Campbell & Janice L. Huntingford 21 Pharmacologic Management of Pain for Patients with Neurologic Disease 585Bruno H. Pypendop & Linda S. Barter 22 Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Patients with Neurologic Disease 599Karen L. Kline 23 Neurotoxicological Syndromes 611David C. Dorman Canine Brain Atlas 633 Canine Brain Atlas Glossary 641Thomas F. Fletcher Index 651

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Book SynopsisThe Spirit of Animal Healing is the follow up to Dr. Marty Goldstein's bestselling book on holistic veterinary medicine, The Nature of Animal Healing.

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Book SynopsisPractical reference with tips and tricks for successfully performing common surgeries in small animal patients Designed to help general practitioners confidently perform surgery, Techniques in Small Animal Soft Tissue, Orthopedic, and Ophthalmic Surgery offers fast access to step-by-step procedures for the most common surgeries in small animal patients. This book discusses the relevant anatomy, brief pathophysiology, pre-operative considerations, potential complications, and treatment options and detailed techniques for a wide range of surgical procedures, as well as the equipment needed to perform them. Written by specialists from around the world, the 54 chapters each cover multiple treatment options or variations to techniques described in the literature, featuring soft tissue, orthopedic, and ophthalmic surgeries. Practical tips and tricks for success in the operating room applicable to technicians, general practitioners, and surgeons are included throughout the book. High-quality color photographs accompany the surgical descriptions, along with video clips demonstrating some of the techniques hosted on a companion website. Techniques in Small Animal Soft Tissue, Orthopedic, and Ophthalmic Surgery includes information on: Simple eyelid mass removal, steps for prolapsed third eyelid gland, surgery for successful entropion repair, and enucleation Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs and cats and various surgical interventions, how to address aural hematoma, pinnectomy, and total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy Ventral bulla osteotomy, mandibulectomy, sialoadenectomy, thyroidectomy, unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization, and peripheral lymph node extirpation Extracapsular suture stabilization for the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle, medial patellar luxation repair, femoral head and neck ostectomy, and canine elbow dysplasia Limb amputation in companion animals, skin reconstruction options, digit amputation, gastropexy, gastrointestinal procedures, splenectomy, and liver biopsies And many more procedures! Techniques in Small Animal Soft Tissue, Orthopedic, and Ophthalmic Surgery covers common surgeries performed in general practice, giving general practitioners, veterinary students, and new surgeons practical tips and tricks from experienced surgeons in an easily referenced format.

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Book SynopsisIn this inspiring, uplifting and heart-warming memoir, world-renowned veterinary surgeon Professor Noel Fitzpatrick shares some of the most personal and powerful tales ever from his life as The Supervet. Picking up from where the Sunday Times bestselling How Animals Saved My Life left off, Noel shares the moving, heart-warming and often surprising stories of the animals that he has treated in his remarkable career. As he explores how our relationships with animals can bring out the best in each of us, we meet some of the wonderful animals he has tried to help, the families who love them and the deeply personal challenges Noel has faced along the way. It is animals like these who have taught Noel the valuable lessons of Love, Hope and Faith - lessons that have sustained him in his life beyond being the Supervet. This is the remarkable story of one man and the animals he has saved, animals who have - in turn - saved him.

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Book SynopsisAs a holistic veterinarian and scientist, Dr. Gary Richter helps dog and cat owners to navigate the thicket of treatment options and separate the fact from the fiction. He wants us to use what actually works, not just what Western science or alternative medicine say should work. This multifaceted approach to health is known as integrative medicine. Dr. Richter examines traditional medicine from many cultures alongside modern medical techniques, describing the best of complementary care and the best of conventional veterinary medicine. Every treatment he recommends has the backing of scientific research or years of successful outcomes in his clinical practice. After explaining the treatment, he offers specific recommendations for an integrative approach to common diseases, including allergies, skin conditions, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. A holistic approach to health includes nutrition, as it sets up the foundation for your pet’s health. Dr. Richter cuts tTrade Review"Dr. Gary Richter has given us a remarkable book that brings together the best information available for us to use in caring for our dogs and cats. It helps us understand how our pets are dealing with diseases and the conventional and complementary ways to help them."— Dr. Gladys McGarey, cofounder of the American Holistic Medicine Association and internationally recognized as the Mother of Holistic Medicine"This book on integrative medicine is a must-read. There are practical approaches to diagnosis, management, and therapy for a variety of animal conditions. It's simply outstanding!"— W. Jean Dodds, D.V.M., founder of Hemopet and Hemolife Diagnostics, and winner of the Holistic Veterinarian of the Year Award from the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association"The impact of Dr. Gary Richter's work excited me to support his mission by creating the 50 holistic recipes contained within this book. Miracles are being achieved through whole-food nutrition and veterinary medicine."— Susan Lauten, M.A. in Animal Nutrition and Ph.D. in Biomedical Science"The Ultimate Pet Heath Guide by Dr. Gary Richter is a wonderful book. It contains excellent information on how to holistically approach medical care for dogs and cats. I recommend this book to all caregivers who wish for their pets to have longer and healthier lives."— Huisheng Xie, D.V.M., Ph.D., founder and dean of the Chi Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

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