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Book SynopsisThis accessible book provides the right word for the right occasion. But it's more than just a thesaurus. Through learning units and exercises it should help the reader to improve his or her vocabulary permanently.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisOlivia Stockard, PhD, is a New York-based communications consultant who helps business writers use their skills in analysis and logic to produce successful business messages. In this new edition of The Write Approach, Dr. Stockard discusses how the speed of technology can cause business writers to shortcut the thinking, planning, and editing needed for good writing. Rather than "pushing the send button" without considering the consequences, writers are guided in ways to be more thoughtful in their use of communication tools and practices. The new edition's expanded commentary and exercises underscore the author's basic premise: writers must determine their purpose for writing, consider their readers' expectations, and polish the final product. Self-instructional activities invite readers to practice evaluating and improving business writing. This edition was previously published by Emerald Ltd. under ISBN 9780857248312.Table of Contents1. What is "Effective" Business Writing? 2. Organizing Business Documents 3. Developing the Document's Structure 4. Principles of Readability 5. Clarifying Your Voice 6. Purpose and Vocabulary 7. Straight Talk 8. Tone 9. The Impact of Technology on Business Writing 10. Business Writing in the 21st Century

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Book SynopsisA Grammar of Prinmi represents the first in-depth description of a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Pǔmǐ Nationality and the Zàng Nationality (in Mùlǐ, Sichuan) in southwest China. Prinmi belongs to the Qiangic branch and is closely related to the extinct language of Tangut. Picus Ding examines in the grammar the phonology (both segmental and suprasegmental), morphology, syntax and information structure of Prinmi, with two sample texts and an English-Prinmi glossary provided in appendices. Some noteworthy features of Prinmi include a wealth of clitics (appearing as proclitic, enclitic, mesoclitic or endoclitic), a lexical tone system akin to Japanese, and a collection of existential verbs that discriminates concreteness, animacy, and location.

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Book SynopsisA grammar of Kurtöp is the first descriptive grammar of Kurtöp, a threatened language of Bhutan, and the only reference grammar of any East Bodish language. The East Bodish languages are a relatively unstudied branch of the larger Tibeto-Burman family, situated in Bhutan and neighbouring regions in Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh. The chapters introduce the language and the people who speak in a historical context and then go on to detail the synchronic and diachronic phonology, discuss word classes and cause structure, morphosyntax and syntax, and illustrate rich system of evidentiality and related categories. The book will be of interest to Tibeto-Burmanists, historical linguists and those interested in the prehistory of the eastern Himalayas, and to typologists.Trade Review[...], this book will prove indispensible for anyone interested in reconstructing the common ancestors of Tibetan and East Bodish languages and as such is undoubtedly a welcome addition to the expanding field of Tibeto-Burman Linguistics - Joanna Bialek, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

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Book SynopsisA Grammar of Nungon is the most comprehensive modern reference grammar of a language of northeast Papua New Guinea. Nungon is a previously-undescribed Finisterre-Huon Papuan language spoken by about 1,000 people in the Saruwaged Mountains, Morobe Province. Hannah Sarvasy provides a rich description of the language in its cultural context, based on original immersion fieldwork. The exposition is extraordinarily thorough, covering phonetics, phonology, word classes, morphology, grammatical relations, switch-reference, valency, complex predicates, clause combining, possession, information structure, and the pragmatics of communication. Four complete interlinearized Nungon monologues and dialogues supplement the copious textual examples. A Grammar of Nungon sets a new standard of thoroughness for reference works on languages of this region.Trade Review"My minor critical comments and tentative alternative proposals do not diminish in any way my great admiration for this grammar, which forms an exemplary model and sets a high standard for future grammarians of New Guinea languages. Precisely because the exposition is so clear and the description so rich, the book both allows and invites the reader to participate in the scholarly conversation about Nungon, so brilliantly started by Hannah Sarvasy in this book." – Lourens de Vries, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in: Oceanic Linguistics, 2018

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Book SynopsisThe Kurux Language: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon by Masato Kobayashi and Bablu Tirkey is a comprehensive description of Kurux, a northern Dravidian tribal language with two million speakers. Isolated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Eastern India, Kurux shows a unique mixture of archaic Dravidian traits and innovations induced by contact with neighboring Indo-Aryan and Munda languages, and has posed questions regarding language change and Dravidian subgrouping. Making use of first-hand materials from their fieldwork, Kobayashi and Tirkey analyze the complexities of the language in the grammar section. This book also contains transcribed and glossed texts, and a lexicon with more than 9,000 entries, and serves both as reference for linguists and learning resource for students.Table of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction  § 1 Typological Overview  § 2 Profile of the Language  § 3 Language Endangerment  § 4 Writing Systems and Transcription  § 5 Name of the Language  § 6 Dialectal Variation  § 7 Genetic Relationship  § 8 Lexicon  § 9 Convergence  § 10 Previous Studies  § 11 Fieldwork and Materials  § 12 Organization of the Book  § 13 Acknowledgment Grammar 2 Phonology  § 14 Vowels  § 15 Vowel Length  § 16 Umlaut  § 17 Consonants  § 18 Geminates and Singletons  § 19 Metathesis and Linearity  § 20 Syllable  § 21 Stress and Rhythm  § 22 Intonation  § 23 Morphophonology  § 24 Sound Changes up to Proto-Kurux-Malto  § 25 Phonological Alternations within Kurux  § 26 Summary of Historical Phonology 3 Morphology  § 27 Characteristics of Kurux Morphology  § 28 Parts of Speech  § 29 Nouns: Nominal Stems and Bases  § 30 Nouns: Gender  § 31 Nouns: Number  § 32 Nouns: Cases  § 33 Diminutive and Augmentative  § 34 Compound Nouns and Adjectives  § 35 Pronouns: Personal Pronouns  § 36 Pronouns: Reflexives  § 37 Pronouns: Possessives  § 38 Pronouns: Demonstratives  § 39 Pronouns: Interrogatives and Indefinites  § 40 Pronouns: Cases of Personal and Reflexive Pronouns  § 41 Pronouns: Cases of Demonstratives and Interrogatives  § 42 Adpositions  § 43 Agreement Suffix and Predicative Nominals  § 44 Adjectives: Simple  § 45 Adjectives in -taː, -iyaː, -madʰheː and -aːboː  § 46 Adjectives: Suffixes Deriving Demonyms etc.  § 47 Numerals and Classifiers  § 48 Adverbs  § 49 Preverbs  § 50 Verbs  § 51 Verbal Roots and Verbal Bases  § 52 Past Stem and the Primary Verb Classes  § 53 Irregular Verb Inflection  § 54 Verb Inflection: Simple Tenses  § 55 Complex Aspectual Forms: Perfect  § 56 Complex Aspectual Forms: Progressive  § 57 Complex Aspectual Forms: ciʔ-aː Benefactive  § 58 Verb Inflection: Modal Forms  § 59 Verb Inflection: Inter-Female Forms  § 60 Copula and Existential Verbs  § 61 Copular Clauses and Concord  § 62 Derived Verbal Bases  § 63 Frequentative Verbs  § 64 Infinitives  § 65 Inflection Reduction  § 66 Perfect and Imperfect Participles  § 67 Agentive Participle  § 68 Adverbial Participles  § 69 Converb  § 70 Origin of the Kurux-Malto Past Inflection 4 Syntax and Pragmatics  § 71 Word Order  § 72 Coordinating Conjunctions  § 73 Subordinating Conjunctions  § 74 Complementizer  § 75 Reflexives and Logophorics  § 76 Relative Clauses  § 77 The -madʰheː Construction and Adnominal PPs  § 78 Conditional and Counterfactual  § 79 Complex Predicates  § 80 Voice and Argument Alternation  § 81 Passive and Grammatical Relations  § 82 Stative Passive Construction  § 83 Use of the -aː Infinitive  § 84 Use of the -naː Infinitive  § 85 Non-nominative Subjects  § 86 Impersonal Construction  § 87 Topic and Focus  § 88 Phrasal Clitics  § 89 Clausal Clitics 5 Semantics  § 90 Spatial Deixis  § 91 Animacy, Number, Gender and Person  § 92 Use of the Copular Verbs  § 93 Possession  § 94 Question  § 95 Deictic Verbs  § 96 Definiteness and Differential Object Marking  § 97 Lexical Aspect  § 98 Use of the Simple Tenses  § 99 Use of the Aspectual Forms  § 100 Modality  § 101 Use of the Causative  § 102 Function of the Passive Voice  § 103 Volition or Control over the Action  § 104 Negation  § 105 Negative Polarity Items  § 106 Politeness  § 107 Use of Cases: Nominative  § 108 Use of Cases: Accusative  § 109 Use of Cases: Dative  § 110 Use of Cases: Instrumental-Ablative  § 111 Use of Cases: Genitive  § 112 Use of Cases: Locative 6 Lexicon  § 113 Characteristics of the Kurux Lexicon  § 114 Inherited Etyma  § 115 Loanwords and Toponyms  § 116 Source of Loanwords  § 117 Semantic Shift, Doublets and False Friends  § 118 Kinship Terms  § 119 Personal Names  § 120 Echo Words and Onomatopoeia  § 121 Interjections  § 122 Euphemistic Expression  § 123 Fauna and Flora Texts 7 Glossed Texts  § 124 Home Visit (Dialogue)  § 125 From Bablu Tirkey, Poor Ropna’s Dream (2017)  § 126 Sone the Vulture  § 127 Life Story of a Farmer  § 128 The Bihar Famine (1966–1967) and my Father  § 129 Letiya the Thief  § 130 Building a Career  § 131 King’s Seven Daughters and a Rakshas  § 132 Story of Two Orphans and the Banyan Seed  § 133 Seven Brothers and a Sister  § 134 Story of a Man and a Tiger  § 135 Myth of Fire and Rain  § 136 Why Oraons Observe the Karam Festival Lexicon Bibliography Word Index General Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a collection of grammar sketches from several Italo-Romance varieties. The contributions cover various areas of linguistics (phonology, morphology, syntax) and are organized in sections according to the customary geolinguistic classification. Each chapter provides the description of a salient phenomenon for a given language, based on novel data, as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge on that phenomenon. The articles are in-depth studies carried out by prominent experts as well as promising young scholars. The theoretical apparatus is kept to a minimum in order to make the book accessible to scholars without specific expertise. For the same reason, hypotheses and formalisms are introduced gradually, only if necessary for the description of the data.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures, Maps and Tables Introduction Northern Varieties 1 The Distribution of Gender and Number in Lunigiana Nominal Expressions  Edoardo Cavirani 2 On the Interpretation of an Interrogative Form in North-Eastern Italian Dialects  Patrizia Cordin 3 Verb-Second and (Micro)Variation in Two Rhaeto-Romance Varieties of Northern Italy  Jan Casalicchio and Federica Cognola Central Varieties 4 On the Palatalization of /s/ + Consonant in Some Dialects of Middle and Southern Italy  Luca Lorenzetti 5 On the Gender System of Viterbese  Michele Loporcaro 6 Indefinite Determiners. Variation and Optionality in Italo-Romance  Anna Cardinaletti and Giuliana Giusti Upper Southern Varieties 7 Italo-Romance Phonological Rules and Indo-Aryan Lexicon: The Case of Abruzzian Romani  Andrea Scala 8 Avita fatta: Non-Etymological Forms of Auxiliary habere in Southern Italian Dialects  Carlo Schirru 9 Adjectival Positions in Barese: Prenominal Exceptions to the Postnominal Rule  Luigi Andriani Extreme Southern Varieties and Sardinian 10 Metaphony in Southern Salento: New Analysis and New Data  Mirko Grimaldi and Andrea Calabrese 11 The ‘go for’ Construction in Sicilian  Silvio Cruschina 12 The Complementizers ca and chi in Sardinian: Syntactic Properties and Geographic Distribution  Caroline Bacciu and Guido Mensching Index

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Book SynopsisA Grammar of Pévé is the first full description of the Pévé language, a member of the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Pévé is spoken in parts of the southwestern area of the Republic of Chad and the Northern province of the Republic of Cameroon. The grammar will add to information and analyses concerning Afro-Asiatic languages and will help Pévé speakers preserve their language, history, cultural activities, and intercultural relations. The goal of the volume is to document and preserve the language for the benefit of generations to come and to make characteristics of the language available for further research in linguistics, history, anthropology, sociology and related fields.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Tables Abbreviations 1 The Pévé Language  1 Introduction  2 Classification and Nomenclature  3 Existing Works on the Pévé Language  4 Nature and Sources of the Data  5 Notes on the Transcription  6 Outline of the Grammar  3 Conclusion 2 Phonology  1 Introduction  2 Consonants  3 Vowels  4 Phonotactics  5 Tone  6 Conclusion 3 Parsing Morphology  1 Introduction  2 Existing Approaches  3 Distribution of Phrase-Final Forms  4 Function of Final Vowel Addition  5 Conclusion 4 Verbs  1 Introduction  2 Phonological Structure of the Verb  3 Morphology  4 Derivation  5 Singular vs. Plural Verbs  6 Conclusion 5 Nouns and the Noun Phrase  1 Introduction  2 Phonological Structure of the Noun  3 Number  4 Noun Phrase  5 Prenominal Modifiers  6 Post-nominal Modifiers  7 Conjoined Noun Phrase  8 Proper Names  9 Derived Nouns  10 Conclusion 6 Coding Grammatical Relations  1 Introduction  2 Subject  3 Direct Object Function  4 Indirect Object  5 Summary of the Coding of Grammatical Roles  6 Conclusion 7 Coding Semantic Relations  1 Introduction  2 Semantic Role of the Subject  3 Semantic Role of the Direct Object  4 Semantic Role of the Indirect Object  5 Source  6 Reciprocal  7 Coreferentiality of Subject and Object  8 Conclusion 8 Tense and Aspect  1 Introduction  2 Future Tense  3 Aspect  4 Conclusion 9 Mood and Modality  1 Introduction  2 Subjunctive Mood  3 Epistemic Mood  4 Conclusion 10 Locative Expressions and Locative Predications  1 Introduction  2 Locative Predication in Pévé  3 Semantic Functions of Inherently Locative Predicates  4 Locative Serial Verb Constructions  5 Spatial Prepositions and Specifiers  6 Conclusion 11 Verbless and Copular Predications  1 Introduction  2 Identificational Predication  3 Equational Predication  4 Attributive Predication  5 Possessive Predication  6 Conclusion 12 System of Reference  1 Introduction  2 First Mention: Bare Noun Phrase  3 Deducible Reference Markers: nə, rə and kunə  4 Reference to an Unspecified Entity  5 Anaphoric Reference  6 Deictic Reference  7 Conclusion 13 Interrogatives  1 Introduction  2 Polar Questions  3 Content Questions  4 Conclusion 14 Negation  1 Introduction  2 Indicative Clauses  3 Scope of Negation  4 Conclusion 15 Topicalization and Focus  1 Introduction  2 Topicalization  3 Focus  4 Conclusion 16 Conjoined Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Conjunction ɓay  3 Counterexpectation  4 Conclusion 17 Relative Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Subject Head  3 Object Head  4 Adjunct Head  5 Deictic Relative Clauses  6 Conclusion 18 Conditional and Temporal Constructions  1 Introduction  2 Conditional Constructions  3 Temporal Constructions  4 Conclusion 19 Complementation  1 Introduction  2 Verbs of Saying  3 Verbs of Perception  4 Verbs of Cognition  5 Volitional Verb wàʔ  6 Ability Verb gàk ‘Can, Be Able’  7 Counterfactual Matrix Clause  8 Complements of Other Verbs  9 Conclusion 20 Comparative Constructions  1 Introduction  2 Equal Comparison  3 Unequal Comparison  4 Conclusion 21 Adjunct Phrases and Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Temporal Adjuncts  3 Associative and Instrumental Adjuncts  4 Manner Adjuncts  5 Intensity, Repetition, and Recurrence  6 Purpose Clauses  7 Reason Clauses  8 Positive Adjunct  9 Conclusion 22 Sample Texts  1 Monitor Lizard and Guinea Fowl  2 Bus Trip: Lazare Wambadang Appendix 1: A Compilation of Tables Appendix 2: A Summary of Morphological Forms and Functions Pévé-English Lexicon English-Pévé Lexicon References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Omoro Sōshi (1531–1623) is an indispensable resource for historical linguistic comparison of Old Okinawan with other Ryukyuan languages and Old Japanese. Leon A Serafim and Rumiko Shinzato offer a reference grammar, including detailed phonological analyses, of the otherwise opaque and dense poetic/religious language of the Omoro Sōshi. Meshing Western linguistic insight with existing literary/linguistic work in Ryukyuan studies, and incorporating their own research on Modern Okinawan, the authors offer a grammar and phonology of the Omoro language, with selected (excerpts of) songs grammatically analyzed, phonologically reconstructed, translated, and annotated.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations and Conventions 1 Introduction  1 What is the Omoro Sōshi?  2 Types of omoro  3 Versions  4 Song Structure  5 Overview of the Omoro Language 2 Spelling System and Phonology  1 Introduction  2 Reconstruction Methodology  3 Suprasegmentals  4 Consonants  5 Processes  6 Meter in Omoros  7 The Question of External Evidence and Its Relation to That Presented Here  8 Coda 3 Lexicon  1 PJ Origin  2 Loans from MJ  3 Loans from Sino-Japanese  4 Loans from Korean  5 Origins Unknown  6 Mishōgo (MO, Meanings Obscure) 4 Nominals  1 Nouns  2 Pronouns  3 Numerals  4 Nominal Prefixes  5 Nominal Suffixes 5 Adjectives  1 What is an Adjective?  2 Evolution of Adjectives  3 Functional Differences between/among Types  4 Functions as Modifiers, Predicates, or Noun Formatives 6 Verbs  1 Conjugation Types  2 History of Conjugational Merger: ra-gyō yodan-ka  3 Functional Split (mz)  4 Development of the Gerund 7 Auxiliaries  1 Passive/Exalting/Spontaneous -ari(·r)- ~ -uyi(·r)-  2 Causative/Exalting -as-  3 Negative -azɨ ~ -aɴ ~ -an-  4 Negative -adana  5 The Optative/Counterfactual Auxiliary -(a)masyi  6 Inference/Intention: -aɴ, -a, and -ami  7 Negative Inferential/Intentional -umazyi  8 Past -syi  9 Perfect -t˚ar-, -c˚yar-, -dar-, -ʣyar-  10 Emphatic Locative: -ʔac˚ɨr-u  11 Progressive: -ur-  12 Progressive/Perfective -yaaryi  13 Copula: -yar-, -nar-  14 The Exalting Auxiliary Verb -(u)wa·r/s-  15 Humilific Auxiliary -abir-  16 Humilific Auxiliary tʰat°imac°ɨr- References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Vend nyelvtan is a grammar completed in 1942 by the linguist Avgust Pavel that was designed to serve as a modern standard for the Prekmurje Slovenes who were to be subjects of Hungary. Though the grammar was meant to divide the Prekmurje Slovenes from the Slovenes of Yugoslavia, it was never put into use. Today it serves as a reflection of the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of the Prekmurje dialect as it was spoken during Pavel’s lifetime (1886–1946). The English translation of the grammar, originally written in Hungarian, offers linguists insight into a key part of the remarkable variation in Slovene. A peripheral area of Slovene, the Prekmurje dialect is in contact with German, Hungarian, and Croatian Kajkavian.Trade Review“Greenberg’s critical edition is a model of how to present such historical treasures to the contemporary scholarly community. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in Slovene diachronic linguistics, dialectology, the history of Slavic grammars, and related topics, as well as an indispensable reference for anyone interested in the Prekmurje dialect and its written tradition.” ~ Marko Snoj, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, in Canadian Slavonic Papers (63/3-4, 2021).

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Generative Syntax provides the student with a comprehensive overview of all major developments in generative syntax since its inception in the 1950s and until the present time. In 250 units, topics commonly encountered in the study of syntax are presented in an accessible and straightforward manner suitable for both students and casual readers. Covered theories and topics include Phrase Structure Rules, X'-Theory, Transformational Grammar, Theta Theory, Government and Binding Theory, Raising and Control, Movement Constraints, Split Projections, the Minimalist Program, and many others.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements To the Teacher Part 1 Lexicon Unit 1 Language I Unit 2 Language II Unit 3 Grammaticality I Unit 4 Grammaticality II Unit 5 Lexical vs. Functional Categories Unit 6 Lexical Categories Unit 7 Functional Categories Unit 8 Categorization I Unit 9 Categorization II Unit 10 Categorization III Unit 11 Categorization IV Unit 12 Categorization V Unit 13 Categorization VI Unit 14 Categorization VII Unit 15 Categorization VIII Part 2 Phrase Structure Unit 16 Heads Unit 17 Specifiers Unit 18 Complements Unit 19 Complement Selection I Unit 20 Complement Selection II Unit 21 Adjunct I Unit 22 Adjunct II Unit 23 Summary Unit 24 Constituency Unit 25 Stand-Alone Test Unit 26 Substitution Test Unit 27 Displacement Test Unit 28 Coordination Test Part 3 Phrase Structure Rules Unit 29 Basics I Unit 30 Basics II Unit 31 Noun Phrase I Unit 32 Noun Phrase II Unit 33 Random Phrases Unit 34 Verb Phrase I Unit 35 Verb Phrase II Unit 36 Sentence I Unit 37 Sentence II Unit 38 Complementizer Unit 39 Conjunction Unit 40 Adjunction Unit 41 Summary I Unit 42 Summary II Part 4 Tree Structure Unit 43 Representation Unit 44 Nodes and Branches Unit 45 Dominance Unit 46 Precedence Unit 47 Noun Phrases Unit 48 Random Phrases Unit 49 Verb Phrases Unit 50 Sentences Unit 51 Complementizer Phrases Unit 52 Conjunction Phrases Unit 53 Adjoined Phrases Unit 54 Tree Drawing I Unit 55 Tree Drawing II Unit 56 Tree Drawing III Unit 57 Ambiguity Part 5 X-Bar Theory Unit 58 Motivation I Unit 59 Motivation II Unit 60 Motivation III Unit 61 Motivation IV Unit 62 Motivation V Unit 63 Motivation VI Unit 64 Motivation VII Unit 65 Motivation VIII Unit 66 Motivation IX Unit 67 Representation I Unit 68 Representation II Unit 69 Representation III Unit 70 NP, AP, PP, AdvP, VP Unit 71 TP and CP Unit 72 Adjunction Rules I Unit 73 Adjunction Rules II Unit 74 Determiner Phrase I Unit 75 Determiner Phrase II Unit 76 Determiner Phrase III Unit 77 Determiner Phrase IV Unit 78 Determiner Phrase V Unit 79 Determiner Phrase VI Unit 80 Determiner Phrase VII Unit 81 Complementizer Phrase I Unit 82 Complementizer Phrase II Unit 83 Complementizer Phrase III Unit 84 Auxiliaries and Modals I Unit 85 Auxiliaries and Modals II Part 6 Transformations Unit 86 Yes/No Questions I Unit 87 Yes/No Questions II Unit 88 Yes/No Questions III Unit 89 Yes/No Questions IV Unit 90 Yes/No Questions V Unit 91 Yes/No Questions VI Unit 92 Principles I Unit 93 Principles II Unit 94 Principles III Unit 95 Principles IV Unit 96 Principles V Unit 97 Principles VI Unit 98 Negation Movement I Unit 99 Negation Movement II Unit 100 Verb Movement I Unit 101 Verb Movement II Unit 102 Tense Markers I Unit 103 Tense Markers II Unit 104 Affix Hopping I Unit 105 Affix Hopping II Unit 106 Wh-Questions I Unit 107 Wh-Questions II Unit 108 Wh-Questions III Unit 109 Wh-Questions IV Unit 110 Wh-Questions V Unit 111 Wh-Questions VI Unit 112 Wh-Questions VII Unit 113 Adjunction Revisited I Unit 114 Adjunction Revisited II Unit 115 Topicalization I Unit 116 Topicalization II Part 7 Theta Theory Unit 117 Thematic Roles I Unit 118 Thematic Roles II Unit 119 Thematic Roles III Unit 120 Thematic Roles IV Unit 121 Thematic Roles V Unit 122 Thematic Roles VI Unit 123 Thematic Roles VII Unit 124 Thematic Roles VIII Unit 125 Subject Condition I Unit 126 Subject Condition II Unit 127 Subject Condition III Unit 128 Subject Condition IV Unit 129 Subject Condition V Unit 130 Subject Condition VI Unit 131 Subject Condition VII Unit 132 Passive I Unit 133 Passive II Unit 134 Passive III Unit 135 A- and A′-movement I Unit 136 A- and A′-movement II Unit 137 Summary Part 8 Constraints on Movements Unit 138 PBC I Unit 139 PBC II Unit 140 PBC III Unit 141 Locality I Unit 142 Locality II Unit 143 Subjacency I Unit 144 Subjacency II Unit 145 Islands I Unit 146 Islands II Unit 147 Islands III Unit 148 Islands IV Unit 149 Islands V Unit 150 Islands VI Unit 151 Summary Part 9 Government and Binding Theory Unit 152 Case Markers I Unit 153 Case Markers II Unit 154 Case Markers III Unit 155 Case Assignment I Unit 156 Case Assignment II Unit 157 Case Assignment III Unit 158 Case Assignment IV Unit 159 Case Checking I Unit 160 Case Checking II Unit 161 Exceptional Case Marking I Unit 162 Exceptional Case Marking II Unit 163 Exceptional Case Marking III Unit 164 Exceptional Case Marking IV Unit 165 Exceptional Case Marking V Unit 166 Exceptional Case Marking VI Unit 167 Exceptional Case Marking VII Unit 168 Unaccusative I Unit 169 Unaccusative II Unit 170 Unaccusative III Unit 171 Binding Theory I Unit 172 Binding Theory II Unit 173 Binding Theory III Unit 174 Binding Theory IV Unit 175 Binding Theory V Unit 176 Binding Theory VI Part 10 Advanced Topics Unit 177 Raising I Unit 178 Raising II Unit 179 Raising III Unit 180 Raising IV Unit 181 Raising V Unit 182 Raising VI Unit 183 Control Theory I Unit 184 Control Theory II Unit 185 Control Theory III Unit 186 Control Theory IV Unit 187 Control Theory V Unit 188 Control Theory VI Unit 189 Control Theory VII Unit 190 Control Theory VIII Unit 191 Control Theory IX Unit 192 Control Theory X Unit 193 Control Theory XI Unit 194 Control Theory XII Unit 195 Control Theory XIII Unit 196 Raising vs. Control I Unit 197 Raising vs. Control II Unit 198 ECM vs. Control I Unit 199 ECM vs. Control II Part 11 Split Projections Unit 200 Split DP Hypothesis I

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Book SynopsisIn A Grammar of Lopit, Jonathan Moodie and Rosey Billington provide the first detailed description of Lopit, an Eastern Nilotic language traditionally spoken in the Lopit Mountains in South Sudan. Drawing on extensive primary data, the authors describe the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the Lopit language. Their analyses offer new insights into phenomena characteristic of Nilo-Saharan languages, such as ‘Advanced Tongue Root’ vowel distinctions, tripartitite number marking, and marked-nominative case systems, and they uncover patterns which are previously unattested within the Eastern Nilotic family, such as a three-way contrast in aspect, number marking with the ‘greater singular’, and two kinds of inclusory constructions. This book offers a significant contribution to the descriptive and typological literature on African languages.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables 1 Introduction  1 Historical Involvement of Women in Crime in Early Modern Europe  2 Crime and Gender in an Early Modern Italian City  3 Criminal Court Records as Sources for Social History  4 Composition of This Book 2 Women’s Roles, Institutions, and Social Control  1 Political and Demographic Developments  2 Household Structures, Property Rights and Legal Capacity  3 Women within the Urban Economy  4 Interlocking Systems of Assistance and Control  5 Conclusion: Agency within a Culture of Constraint 3 The Torroneand the Prosecution of Crimes  1 The Tribunale del Torrone within Bologna’s Legal Landscape  2 The Administration of Criminal Justice  3 Criminal Procedures  4 Italian Women’s Involvement in Recorded Crime  5 The Character of Indicted Crime in Bologna  6 Gender Dynamics in the Sentencing of Crimes  7 Conclusion: Distinguishing Features of Women’s Prosecution 4 Denunciations and the Uses of Justice  1 Women and the Uses of Justice  2 Denunciations before the Torrone  3 The Torrone as a Forum for Conflict Resolution  4 The Urban Context of Women’s Litigation  5 The Users of Justice  6 Objectives of Litigation  7 Conclusion: Criminal Litigation, Gender and Agency 5 Violence and the Politics of Everyday Life  1 The Culture of Violence between Prosecution and Reconciliation  2 Lethal Violence in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries  3 Insults and the Politics of Daily Life  4 The Importance of Petty Physical Violence  5 Severity and Weapons  6 Violence and Social Relations  7 The Gendered Geography of Violence  8 Framing Men’s and Women’s Violence  9 Conclusion: Everyday Violence and the Uses of Justice 6 Theft and Its Prosecution  1 Legal Attitudes towards Theft  2 Prosecution and Sentencing  3 The Social Profile of Thieves and Economies of Makeshift  4 Stolen Goods  5 The Geographies of Theft  6 The Distribution of Stolen Goods  7 Conclusion: Judicial Paternalism and Women’s Roles in Thieving 7 Conclusion  1 The Case of Bologna and Patterns of Female Crime  2 The Impact of Institutionalisation, Judicial Paternalism and Peacemaking Practices  3 Crime and Italian Women’s Agency  4 Avenues for Future Research Appendix: Information on Samples Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the first broad, detailed grammar of the Giziga language, which belongs to the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. The language is spoken in parts of the Far North Region of the Republic of Cameroon and can be divided into two dialects, Giziga and Northern Giziga, with about 80,000 native speakers in total. This volume describes the Giziga dialect, occasionally referring to the Northern variety, and aims to provide new information about this and other Afro-Asiatic languages for further research in linguistics, history, anthropology, sociology and related fields. The book will also be a tool helping Giziga speakers preserve their language, history and culture for future generations.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Tables Abbreviations 1 The Giziga Language  1 Name, Classification, and Geographical Location  2 Existing Literature  3 Data Sources  4 Notes on Data and Transcription  5 Outline of the Grammar  6 Conclusion 2 Phonology  1 Introduction  2 Consonants  3 Vowels  4 Syllable Structures and Syllabification  5 Phonotactics  6 Tone  7 Conclusions 3 Verbs  1 Introduction  2 The Nature of the Underlying Form  3 Structural Classes of Verbs  4 Tone in the Verbal Piece  5 Monosyllabic Verbs  6 Bisyllabic Verbs  7 Deriving the Infinitive Stem  8 Deriving the Participial Stem  9 Conclusions 4 Nouns, Pronouns and Noun Phrases  1 Introduction  2 Phonology of Nouns  3 Vowel-Final Nouns  4 Glide-Final Nouns  5 Consonant-Final Nouns  6 Derived Nouns  7 Semantic Categories of Nouns  8 Conjoining Noun Phrases  9 Independent Pronouns  10 The Noun Phrase  11 Modifying Constructions  12 Number in the Noun Phrase  13 Conclusions 5 Coding Grammatical Relations  1 Introduction  2 Subject  3 Object Suffixes  4 Classes of Verbs  5 Conclusions 6 Coding Semantic Relations  1 Introduction  2 Default Semantic Roles  3 Conclusions 7 Tense and Aspect  1 Introduction  2 Perfective Aspect  3 Imperfective Aspect  4 Progressive Aspect  5 Frequentative Aspect  6 Past Tense  7 Future Tense  8 Conclusions 8 Marking the End of the Event  1 Introduction  2 Form and Distribution of the End-of-Event Marker  3 Conclusions 9 Modality  1 Introduction  2 Deontic Modality  3 Hypothetical Modality  4 Coding Pretense  5 Doubt in Truth  6 The Modal Particle gú ‘be able to’  7 Conclusions 10 Locative Predication  1 Introduction  2 Locative Verbs  3 Ventive Extension -áwà  4 Stative Predications  5 Prepositions  6 Spatial Specifiers  7 Cardinal Directions  8 Serial Verb Constructions  9 Conclusions 11 Verbless Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Identificational Clauses  3 Attributive Clauses  4 Existential Clauses  5 Possessive Clauses  6 Temporal Distinctions in the Verbless Clause  7 Conclusions 12 System of Reference  1 Introduction  2 Anaphoric Reference to Participants  3 Remote Previous Mention  4 Referential Object Clitic =a  5 Anaphoric Reference to Location, Time, and Events  6 Deictic Reference to Participants  7 Unspecified Referent  8 Conclusions 13 Interrogatives  1 Introduction  2 Polar Interrogatives  3 Disjunctive Questions: X or Y?  4 Content Interrogatives  5 Questions in the Domain de dicto  6 Conclusions 14 Negative Predication  1 Introduction  2 Negating the Verbless Clause  3 Negation in the Verbal Clause  4 Coding Tense in the Negative Clause  5 Negating the Non-referential Subject  6 Conclusions 15 Topics and Topicalization  1 Introduction  2 Topicalized Subject  3 Topicalized Direct Object  4 Topicalized Indirect Object  5 Other Topicalized Constituents  6 Non-constituent Topic  7 Shift in Topic  8 Conclusions 16 Contrastive Focus  1 Introduction  2 Focused Subject  3 Focused Object  4 Focused Predicate  5 Contrastive Focus on Other Constituents  6 Conclusions 17 Conjoining Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Parataxis (Asyndetic Conjunction)  3 The Conjunction páɗ  4 Sequential Conjunction  5 Conjoining Affirmative and Negative Clauses  6 Conclusions 18 Complement Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Comment on a Noun Phrase  3 Comment on an Adjunct  4 Comment on the Protasis  5 Comment on the Purpose Clause  6 Comment on the Matrix Clause  7 Comment on a Complete Clause  8 Interrogative as Comment  9 Conclusions 19 Relative Clauses  1 Introduction  2 Form of the Relative Clause  3 Tense and Aspect in the Relative Clause  4 Coding the Role of the Relativized Constituent  5 Conclusions 20 Conditional and Temporal Constructions  1 Introduction  2 Conditional/Temporal Protasis  3 Conclusions 21 Complementation  1 Introduction  2 Complements of Verbs  3 Conclusions 22 Coding Purpose and Reason  1 Introduction  2 Irrealis Purpose Adjuncts  3 Reason Phrases  4 Conclusions 23 Comparative Constructions  1 Introduction  2 Equal Comparison  3 Unequal Comparison  4 Conclusions 24 Adjuncts  1 Introduction  2 Temporal Adjuncts  3 Manner Adjuncts  4 Interjections and Terms of Address  5 Intensifiers  6 Ideophones  7 Conclusions 25 Sample Texts  1 Introduction  2 The Story of Kay and Her Brother Gòló (Narrated by Saini Sikoua in 2006)  3 A History of Muturua (Narrated by Saini Sikoua in 2007) Appendix 1: A Compilation of Tables Appendix 2: A Summary of Morphological Forms and Functions Giziga-English Lexicon English-Giziga Lexicon References Index

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Book SynopsisMursi is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by a small group of people who live in the Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and is one of the most endangered languages of the country. Based on the fieldwork that the author conducted in beautiful villages of the Mursi community, this descriptive grammar is organized into fourteen chapters rich in examples and an appendix containing four transcribed texts. The readers are thus provided with a clear and useful tool, which constitutes and important addition to our knowledge of Mursi and of other related languages spoken in the area. Besides being an empirical data source for linguists interested in typology and endangered language description and documentation, the grammar constitutes an invaluable gift to the speech community.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Tables, Maps, Diagrams, and Figures Abbreviations and Conventions 1 Introduction  1.1 The Mursi People: Historical Background  1.2 Linguistic Profile of Mursi  1.3 Geography and Mursi Neighbours  1.4 Economy and Subsistence  1.5 Traditional Leadership  1.6 Local Groups, Clans, Kinship System and Age Sets  1.7 Major Traditional Practices  1.8 Cattle, Color Terms and Naming  1.9 Linguistic Affiliation  1.10 Sociolinguistic Situation  1.11 Previous Studies; Ethnographic Exploration in the Lower Omo Valley  1.12 Fieldwork Methodology and Language Data 2 Phonology  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Notes on Orthography and Phonetic Transcriptions  2.3 Inventory of Phonemes  2.4 Syllable Structure  2.5 Phonological Processes  2.6 Tone  2.7 Wordhood  2.8 Clitics  2.9 Special Phonology  2.10 Female Register 3 Word Classes  3.1 Introduction  3.2 Open Word Classes  3.3 Closed Word Classes 4 Noun Phrase Structure  4.1 Introduction  4.2 Non-clausal Modifiers of NP  4.3 Clausal Modifiers  4.4 Nominalizers  4.5 Complex Modification  4.6 Summary of Head-Modifier Dependency Relation 5 Possession  5.1 Introduction  5.2 Juxtaposed System  5.3 Possessive Construction with A and B Possessors  5.4 Possessive Construction with C-type (Possessive Pronouns)  5.5 Pertensive  5.6 Noun Modification Constructions  5.7 Predicative Possessive Construction  5.8 Summary 6 Number  6.1 Introduction  6.2 The Realization of Number  6.3 Suffixation  6.4 Suppletion  6.5 Number Marking by Tone  6.6 n/g Alternation  6.7 The Bound Number/Aspect Marking Forms -t/-ɗ  6.8 Additional Suffixes  6.9 Number-Determined Suppletive Verb Forms  6.10 Reduplication  6.11 Number Words  6.12 Number and Agreement 7 The Verb and Predicate Structure  7.1 Introduction  7.2 Phonological Properties of Verb Roots  7.3 Morphological Properties 8 Adjectives  8.1 Introduction  8.2 Phonological Properties of Adjectives  8.3 Morphological Properties of Adjectives  8.4 Syntactic Properties  8.5 Semantic Properties  8.6 Summary 9 Valency Changing Operations  9.1 Introduction  9.2 Valency Decreasing Derivations  9.3 Valency-Increasing Derivations 10 Grammatical Relations  10.1 Introduction  10.2 Constituent Order  10.3 Case Markers  10.4 Adpositions  10.5 Verb-Final Suffix 11 Comparative Constructions  11.1 Introduction  11.2 Mono-clausal Comparative Construction  11.3 Phrasal plus Mono-clausal Construction  11.4 Bi-clausal Construction Type I  11.5 Bi-clausal Construction Type II  11.6 ɓá Construction  11.7 Other Types of Comparative Constructions  11.8 Equality Construction 12 Questions  12.1 Introduction  12.2 Content Questions  12.3 Non-interrogative Particles  12.4 Tag Questions  12.5 Polar Questions  12.6 Other Question Strategies 13 Negation  13.1 Introduction  13.2 Bound Negators  13.3 Negating a Copula Clause  13.4 Negative Existential Verb níŋɛ ‘Not Present’  13.5 Inherently Negative Verb ímág  13.6 Indefinite-Like Words  13.7 Interjection ɪmm ɪmm ‘no’  13.8 Tracing and Linking Negators 14 Clause Types, Clause Combining and Coordination  14.1 Introduction  14.2 Clause Types  14.3 Clause Coordination Appendix: Transcribed Texts Bibliography Subject Index

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Book SynopsisAkkadian, written in the cuneiform script, is the most important language of the Ancient Near East and one of the most important members of the Semitic language family. Old Babylonian is the best attested period and dialect of Akkadian. Old Babylonian was written all over Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, Syria) and some neigboring regions during the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. The book describes the language of middle Old Babylonian from the kings Sin-muballit to Samsu-iluna. Volume 1 extensively describes the orthography, phonology, nouns, pronouns and numbers of Old Babylonian.Table of ContentsPreface Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1 Akkadian in General  2 Old Babylonian  3 Scope and Layout of This Grammar 2 Orthography and Phonology  1 Cuneiform Writing  2 The Vowels  3 Consonants  4 Syllables  5 Word Stress  6 Sentence Stress 3 Morphology: General Remarks  1 Parts of Speech  2 Types of Morphemes 4 Pronouns  1 Generalities  2 Personal Pronouns  3 Demonstrative Pronouns  4 The Determinative Pronoun  5 Interrogative Pronouns  6 Indefinite Pronouns 5 Nouns  1 Inflectional Categories  2 Noun Patterns  3 Loaned Nouns  4 Compound Noun Phrases  5 Gender  6 Number  7 Case  8 State 6 Numbers  1 Cardinals  2 Ordinals  3 Fractions  4 Multiplicatives  5 Derivations from Numbers Bibliography Index of Subjects Index of Words Index of Texts

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Book SynopsisThis book is the very first comprehensive description of the Arabic variety spoken in the South-Western Iranian province of Khuzestan. It contains a detailed description of its phonology and morphology with numerous examples and a collection of authentic texts presented in transcription with an English translation. The author uses a corpus-based method for the grammatical analysis relying on original data collected during fieldwork in Khuzestan as well as among other Khuzestani Arab communities in Kuwait and Austria. The introduction and text collection offer the reader insights into Khuzestani Arab culture and traditions. The book highlights the peripheral character of Khuzestani Arabic spoken as a minority dialect in Iran and isolated from influence by both Standard Arabic and regional prestige varieties. It also provides an in-depth description of the linguistic development of Ahvaz, Khuzestan’s capital city.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Tables, Maps and Figures Abbreviations Part 1 Introduction and General Classification of Khuzestani Arabic 1 Introduction  1.1 Area  1.2 History of Arabs and Arab Tribes in Khuzestan  1.3 Current Situation of the Arabs and of Arabic in Iran  1.4 Khuzestani Arabic and Cognate gələt-Type Arabic Dialects  1.5 Data, Methodology, Organization 2 General Classification and Internal Subdivisions of Khuzestani Arabic (KhA)  2.1 Classification of KhA—The Position of KhA among the Mesopotamian Arabic Dialects  2.2 Internal Subdivisions of KhA  2.3 Conclusion  2.4 Illustrations Part 2 Grammar 3 Phonology  3.1 Consonants  3.2 Vowels  3.3 Diphthongs  3.4 Emphasis  3.5 Syllable Structure  3.6 Stress  3.7 Phonotactics 4 Morphology  4.1 Pronouns  4.2 Quantifiers  4.3 Adverbs  4.4 Prepositions  4.5 Paradigms of Prepositions with Pronominal Suffixes  4.6 māl Constructions and the Analytic Genitive  4.7 Conjunctions  4.8 Particles  4.9 Nouns  4.10 Numerals  4.11 Verbal Morphology 5 Texts  5.1 Ahvaz, Abu Khazʕal [A1]  5.2 Umm Saʕad [A10]  5.3 ʕArab (ʕazīb) [A12], Semi-Nomads References Index

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Book SynopsisDolgan is a severely endangered Turkic language spoken in the extreme north of the Russian Federation which has undergone noticeable substrate influence and thus exhibits grammatical structures differing from other Turkic languages. The grammar at hand is the first fully-fledged grammar of Dolgan in English language: It describes the Dolgan language system from an internal perspective basing on corpus data of natural Dolgan speech. It takes historical, comparative and typological perspectives, if applicable, but refrains from pertaining to a particular linguistic theory. Consequently, both Turcologists and general linguists can make use of it independently from their individual research question.Table of ContentsPreface Abbreviations List of Charts, Figures and Maps 1 Introduction  1.1 How to Read This Book  1.2 The Speakers of Dolgan  1.3 Historical and Ethnographical Background  1.4 Traditional Way of Life  1.5 The Language  1.6 Material and Data 2 Phonology and Phonetics  2.1 Vowel System  2.2 Consonant System  2.3 Phonotactics  2.4 Prosody  2.5 Morphonological Processes 3 Word Classes  3.1 Nouns  3.2 Adjectives  3.3 Pronouns  3.4 Numerals and Quantifiers  3.5 Verbs  3.6 Adverbs  3.7 Postpositions  3.8 Particles and Clitics  3.9 Interjections, Conversational Formulas and Onomatopoeia 4 Nominal Inflectional Morphology  4.1 Number  4.2 Case  4.3 Possession  4.4 Predicate Forms of Nominals 5 Pronominal Inflectional Morphology  5.1 Personal Pronouns  5.2 Other Pro-Forms 6 Verbal Inflectional Morphology  6.1 Verbal Stems  6.2 Sets of Personal Endings  6.3 Non-finite Verb Forms  6.4 Tense-Aspect Forms  6.5 Mood, Modality and Illocution  6.6 Evidentiality 7 Non-clausal Syntax  7.1 Noun Phrase  7.2 Adjective Phrase  7.3 Verb Phrase  7.4 Adpositional Phrase  7.5 Adverb Phrase 8 Clausal Syntax—Simple Clauses  8.1 Verbal Predication  8.2 Non-verbal Predication  8.3 Syntax of Adverbials  8.4 Non-declarative Clauses  8.5 Negation in Simple Clauses 9 Clausal Syntax—Complex Clauses  9.1 Clause Chaining  9.2 Coordination  9.3 Subordination 10 Discourse Organization  10.1 Word Order  10.2 Information Structure  10.3 Reference Tracking and Information Status  10.4 False Starts, Fillers and Placeholder Items  10.5 Direct and Indirect Speech 11 Lexicon  11.1 Semantic Fields  11.2 Loanwords 12 Derivational Processes  12.1 Nominal > Nominal  12.2 Verb > Nominal  12.3 Nominal > Verb  12.4 Verb > Verb 13 Sample Texts  13.1 Text 1: The Reindeer and the Mouse  13.2 Text 2: Dolgan Birth Customs  13.3 Text 3: Discussing the Correct Order  13.4 Text 4: We Hit the Road Again  13.5 Text 5: Khatanga’s School—90 Years 14 References Index

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Book SynopsisGrammar is a subject of study that is often associated with an irresistible urge to doze off or run away in terror. In this book, however, you will find grammar presented in a different light. Rather than focusing on lists of rules to be remembered, the book explains the hows and whys of grammar through the use of easy-to-read charts, tables, annotated diagrams, and concept maps. This introductory book is for anyone interested in learning how grammar works and how to use language more effectively.

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Book SynopsisSo friendly, so classic, so delightful . . . Kalman has taken 'the little book' and made it even more elegant and uplifting. —Los Angeles TimesThe only style manual to ever appear on a bestseller list now refreshed by one of our most beloved illustratorsEvery English writer knows Strunk and White's The Elements of Style. The book’s mantra, make every word tell, is still on point. This much-loved classic, now in its fourth edition, will forever be the go-to guide when in need of a hint to make a turn of phrase clearer or a reminder on how to enliven prose with the active voice. The only style manual to ever appear on bestseller lists has explained to millions of readers the basic principals of plain English, and Maira Kalman’s fifty-seven exquisite illustrations give the revered work a jolt of new energy, making the learning experience more colorful and clear.

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Book SynopsisNEW YORK TIMESBESTSELLER ? A sharp, funny grammar guide they?ll actuallywantto read, from Random House?s longtime copy chief and one of Twitter?s leading language gurusNAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY O: The Oprah Magazine ? Paste ? Shelf Awareness?Essential (and delightful!)??People We all write, all the time: books, blogs, emails. Lots and lots of emails. And we all want to write better. Benjamin Dreyer is here to help. As Random House?s copy chief, Dreyer has upheld the standards of the legendary publisher for more than two decades. He is beloved by authors and editors alike?not to mention his followers on social media?for deconstructing the English language with playful erudition. Now he distills everything he has learned from the myriad books he has copyedited and overseen into a useful guide not just for writers but for everyone who wants to put their best prose foot forward. As authoritative as it is amusing, Dreyer?s English offers lessons on punctuation, from the underloved semicolon to the enigmatic en dash; the rules and nonrules of grammar, including why it?s OK to begin a sentence with ?And? or ?But? and to confidently split an infinitive; and why it?s best to avoid the doldrums of the Wan Intensifiers and Throat Clearers, including ?very,? ?rather,? ?of course,? and the dreaded ?actually.? Dreyer will let you know whether ?alright? is all right (sometimes) and even help you brush up on your spelling?though, as he notes, ?The problem with mnemonic devices is that I can never remember them.? And yes: ?Only godless savages eschew the series comma.? Chockful of advice, insider wisdom, and fun facts, this book will prove to be invaluable to everyone who wants to shore up their writing skills, mandatory for people who spend their time editing and shaping other people?s prose, and?perhaps best of all?an utter treat for anyone who simply revels in language.Praise for Dreyer?sEnglish?Playful, smart, self-conscious, and personal . . . One encounters wisdom and good sense on nearly every page of Dreyer?s English.??The Wall Street Journal ?Destined to become a classic.??The Millions ?Dreyer can help you . . . with tips on punctuation and spelling. . . . Even better: He?ll entertain you while he?s at it.??Newsday

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Book Synopsis“Delightful.” —Mary Norris, The New YorkerA page-turning, existential romp through the life and times of the world’s most polarizing punctuation markThe semicolon. Stephen King, Hemingway, Vonnegut, and Orwell detest it. Herman Melville, Henry James, and Rebecca Solnit love it. But why? When is it effective? Have we been misusing it? Should we even care?In Semicolon, Cecelia Watson charts the rise and fall of this infamous punctuation mark, which for years was the trendiest one in the world of letters. But in the nineteenth century, as grammar books became all the rage, the rules of how we use language became both stricter and more confusing, with the semicolon a prime victim. Taking us on a breezy journey through a range of examples—from Milton’s manuscripts to Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letters from Birmingham Jail” to R

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Book SynopsisAn updated edition of the classic tip-a-day grammar guide from New York Times bestselling author and creator of the Grammar Girl podcast, Mignon Fogarty.One hundred million podcast downloads say it all: Mignon Fogarty''s kicky, practical, and easy-to-remember advice about style and usage has won her fans around the globe. Her first book, Grammar Girl''s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, hit the New York Times bestseller list, and her weekly grammar podcast has been hailed by USA Today as authoritative but warm.Here in tip-a-day form, Grammar Girl offers 365 lessons on language that are sure to inspire. Chock-full of bite-sized writing tips, fun quizzes, and efficient memory tricks, The Grammar Daily gives you the tools you need to improve your grammar and become an even better communicator, one day at a time.This revised edition of the book, previously published as The Grammar Devotional, has been update

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