Urban communities / city life Books

Book SynopsisThis book interrogates and questions the meaning and implications of suburban creativity.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations and Tables Preface Contributors Part I: Openings 1. Rethinking Creative and Cultural Practices from the Outside in – An Interdisciplinary Exploration Ilja Van Damme, Ruth McManus, and Michiel Dehaene 2. The Uncool Hunt: Searching for the Creative Suburb David Gilbert Part II: The Suburban Home as Locus of Creativity 3. “Pictures, Plants, and Ornaments”: Jane Ellen Panton and Creative Practice in the British Victorian Suburbs Sarah Bilston 4. Battlegrounds of Taste and Distinction: Art and Antique Collectors in the Suburban Hinterland of Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Belgium Ulrike Müller and Ilja Van Damme 5. The Art of Living in the Australian Suburb: Creative and Cultural Production at Home in Suburban Melbourne, 1910s–1960s Susan Reidy 6. Ideal Homes and Haunted Houses: Twenty-First-Century Irish Suburban Art and Writing Simon Workman Part III: The Suburban Creative Milieu 7. Halfway between Nature and Culture: Uccle Centre d’Art, a Colony of Artists in Brussels’s Suburbs in the Interwar Period Tatiana Debroux 8. Exploring Creativity in Dublin’s Suburbs, 1900–2000: Insider, Outsider, Bourgeois, or Bohemian? Ruth McManus 9. Recreating Locality: Community and Identity in Budapest Suburbs, 1995–2020 János B. Kocsis 10. Creativity in Contemporary Housing Estate Neighbourhoods: The Case of Kontula, Helsinki Johanna Lilius 11. The Fung Bros Rep the Ethnoburb Margaret Crawford 12. Grounding Suburban LGBTQ+ Vernacular Creativities in the Toronto City-Region Alison L. Bain Part IV: Creating Suburbia 13. From Artistry to Agency? Transactional Architecture for the Creative Fashioning of the Antwerp Suburbs in the Early Twentieth Century Tom Broes and Michiel Dehaene 14. Creating Suburbs in North America: A Mutual Blind Spot Richard Harris

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Book SynopsisLocal elections are an increasingly popular area of research among scholars of Canadian political behaviour, offering invaluable insights into the attitudes and motivations of Canadian electors. The Canadian Municipal Election Study (CMES) has collected unparalleled individual-level survey data in eight major Canadian municipal elections: Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, London, Mississauga, Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec City. These elections, which took place in 2017 and 2018, were high-profile, contentious, and often surprising, featuring mayoral defeats, record-breaking turnouts, provincial-municipal tensions, and the first ranked-ballot election in Canada in decades. Combining unprecedented individual-level survey data from the CMES with local expertise from political scientists across Canada, Big City Elections in Canada provides a data-driven overview of each election, while also highlighting the more general lessons the elections teach us about municipal politics and votiTable of Contents1. Local Elections in Canada Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor 2. Calgary: October 16, 2017 Jack Lucas and John Santos 3. Montreal: November 5, 2017 Éric Bélanger and Jean-François Daoust 4. Quebec City: November 5, 2017 Jérôme Couture and Sandra Breux 5. Vancouver: October 20, 2018 Eline A. de Rooij, J. Scott Matthews, and Mark Pickup 6. London: October 22, 2018 Cameron D. Anderson and Laura B. Stephenson 7. Mississauga: October 22, 2018 Erin Tolley and Erica Rayment 8. Toronto: October 22, 2018 R. Michael McGregor and Scott Pruysers 9. Winnipeg: October 24, 2018 Aaron Moore 10. Conclusion Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis collection offers an in-depth look at municipal voting behaviour during local elections in eight of Canada's largest cities.Table of Contents1. Local Elections in Canada Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor 2. Calgary: October 16, 2017 Jack Lucas and John Santos 3. Montreal: November 5, 2017 Éric Bélanger and Jean-François Daoust 4. Quebec City: November 5, 2017 Jérôme Couture and Sandra Breux 5. Vancouver: October 20, 2018 Eline A. de Rooij, J. Scott Matthews, and Mark Pickup 6. London: October 22, 2018 Cameron D. Anderson and Laura B. Stephenson 7. Mississauga: October 22, 2018 Erin Tolley and Erica Rayment 8. Toronto: October 22, 2018 R. Michael McGregor and Scott Pruysers 9. Winnipeg: October 24, 2018 Aaron Moore 10. Conclusion Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a visually rich narrative of how coexistence is negotiated in Los Angeles, a city vibrant with sociocultural diversity.Trade Review“[Chan’s] findings and insights are of use to anyone interested in urbanization, urban planning, community life, race and ethnicity, or Los Angeles specifically.” -- Ronald J. Angel, University of Texas Austin * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of Contents1. Introduction: The Promise and Peril of Los Angeles “Diversity Explosion”: Race, Ethnicity, Nationality, Class, and Income Cities of Diversity: Nested Social Complex Studying Diversity as a Socio-Spatial Phenomenon More Quality Contact, Not Less The Trouble with Diversity 2. Comparing Spaces of Globalization and Diversity Neighbourhood and Community in Tension Approaching the Three Locales Cognitive Mapping of Diversity Reflections on Fieldwork 3. Scenes of Diversity in Wealth, Poverty, and Inequality Scene One: In San Marino Socio-Spatial Differentiation: Wealth and Ethnicity Divergent Routines Scene Two: In Central Long Beach Ethnicity as an Organizing Principle in Social Space “Canalized” Practices in Shared Space Scene Three: In Mid-Wilshire Contested Space and Cultural Enclaves Relational Web in Density and Diversity Concluding Thoughts: Multivalent Diversities in Los Angeles 4. Tensions in Diversity Competing Values in San Marino Ethnic Turfs in Central Long Beach Profiling in Polarities: Mid-Wilshire Concluding Thoughts about Tensions of Diversity 5. Boundaries and Local Belongings Elective Boundaries Circumscribed Boundaries Polarized Boundaries Fostering Local Belongings (S)elective Belonging Concluding Thoughts: Crossing Boundaries 6. Intercultural Contours of a Diverse Public Realm Configurations of Relational Web Interculturalism in Los Angeles Barriers to Intercultural Learning and Understanding in Los Angeles Lacking Community Space? Intercultural Opportunities in the Public Realm Neighbourhood Parks Public Libraries Public Events and Festivals Concluding Thoughts: Public Realm of Diversity 7. Designing for Collective Intercultural Life Evaluating the Urban Form of Diverse Public Environments Interculturalism in Urban Planning and Design Practice? Co-producing a Convivial Collective Life: Qualities of Intercultural Places Concluding Thoughts: Design for Public Life 8. Conclusions: Conflict and Conviviality in Diversity Diverse Public Realm and Its Promises Implications beyond Los Angeles Appendices Notes References

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the myriad ways in which northern urban places foster new forms of community-building and social inclusion for people experiencing homelessness.Table of ContentsIntroduction Section One: The Canadian North Regional Introduction: The Canadian North Julia Christensen 1: It’s a Tough Game: Navigating Housing Monopolies in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada Lisa Freeman and Julia Christensen 2: Responding to Homelessness in Yellowknife: Pushing the Ocean Back with a Spoon Nick Falvo 3: An “Urban” Issue, and the Issue with “Urban”: Contextualizing Homelessness in Whitehorse Alexandra Nelson 4: Homelessness, Mobility, and Migration from the James Bay Carol Kauppi, Michael Hankard, and Henri Pallard 5: A Different Kind of “Ecological Refugee”: Land Claims, Migration, and Inequalities in Northern Labrador Joshua Moses 6: Making Place Home: The Contradictions of Inuit Housing in a Liberal Democracy Frank Tester Section Two: Alaska Regional Introduction: Alaska Sally Carraher and Travis Hedwig 7: Northern Voices on Homelessness: Engaging the Public and Promoting Inclusivity for Homeless Alaskans in Public Discourse Sally Carraher and Travis Hedwig 8: Differing Meanings of Housing First: Lessons Learned from a Single-Site Program Evaluation in Anchorage, Alaska Travis Hedwig 9: Alaska Is a Very Small Town: Moving Towards an Understanding of Homelessness in the Urban North Clare Dannenberg Section Three: Greenland Regional Introduction: Greenland Steven Arnfjord and Julia Christensen 10: In Search of Security: Women’s Homelessness in Nuuk, Greenland Steven Arnfjord and Julia Christensen 11: Welfare Colonialism and Geographies of Homelessness in Nuuk, Greenland Julia Christensen, Steven Arnfjord, and Marie-Louise Aastrup Conclusion Epilogue: Homelessness across the Arctic in the Shadow of COVID-19

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Book SynopsisThe decision to undertake a study of some aspect of the development of social welfare in Ontario was made as a result of separate but related discussions in the early 1950's with the late Dr. Harry M. Cassidy, Professor Frank H. Underhill, and Professor John S. Morgan, from each of whom I received helpful advice. The topic first considered was child welfare, but some exploration revealed that programmes for the protection of children emerged rather late in the total structure of welfare services in the province and could hardly be assessed until earlier developments in the broader field had been examined. It was thus decided to carry out a study of the whole field of social welfare, with particular reference to the ro1e played by the provincial government.

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Book SynopsisThe influence of educational associations is often overlooked in treatises on Ontario's educational system because these groups tend to operate in an informal manner. This volume discusses the various types of educational organizations, their purposes, the scope and nature of their activities, and their contributions to education. It includes professional organizations, and a wide variety of groups with a direct or peripheral interest in education in its broad definition.

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Book SynopsisFinalist for 2024 Oklahoma Book Award Oklahoma is bound to both the South and the Southwest and their legacies of conquest and Indigenous survivance. At the same time, mobility, ingenuity, cultural exchange, and creative expression—all part of the experience of urbanization—have been fundamental to people of the tribes that call this place home. Tulsa, New Orleans, and Santa Fe, with their importance in histories of geopolitical upheaval and mobility that shaped the establishment of the United States, are key to uncovering the history of urbanization experienced by Native Americans from Oklahoma.Urban Homelands, while examining the overlooked histories of Oklahoma Indigenous urbanization relative to these regions, engages literature and film as not just mirrors of experience but as producers of it. Lindsey Claire Smith brings the work of three-time poet laureate Joy Harjo into conversation with the great Cherokee playwright Lynn Riggs and breaTrade Review“In addition to a compelling grasp of urban studies scholarship, Lindsey Claire Smith shows great expertise in swiftly connecting the threads of Indigenous history in three cities—New Orleans, Tulsa, and Santa Fe—through comprehensive historical documentation. This study is rigorous, yet accessible to a wide audience. Urban Homelands makes a timely contribution to contemporary Native and Indigenous studies and urban studies. A must-read.”—Cristina Stanciu, author of The Makings and Unmakings of Americans: Indians and Immigrants in American Literature and Culture, 1879–1924Table of ContentsList of Photographs Acknowledgments Introduction: Writing the Native City from Oklahoma 1. Beyond Monuments: Tracing Indigenous Histories in New Orleans, Tulsa, and Santa Fe 2. Where It All Started: Native American Literatures and the City of New Orleans 3. Finding Tallasi: Native Tulsa in Literature and Film 4. “The City Different”: Writing Oklahoma in Santa Fe Afterword Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisPresents novel ways of understanding how cycling and driving animate urban space, place, and society and investigates how cycling can learn from the ways in which driving has become invested with moral value.Trade Review“Weaving together insights from transport and mobilities research, urban planning, and ethnographic encounters gleaned on ride-alongs with cyclists in Canada and around the globe, Nick Scott takes us along on an enlightening journey in search of a good bike lane into the future.”—Phillip Vannini, author of Off the Grid: Re-Assembling Domestic Life“This book tackles the very important and timely topic of how, why, where, and for whom more sustainable bicycling practices and infrastructure are taking off, or are being blocked, in various U.S. and Canadian cities. . . . Nick Scott asks far ranging questions about good cities, the good life, and the common good. Drawing on creative ethnographic vignettes, these lively stories highlight the pressing need for more focus on equity, social justice, and expansion of biking infrastructures to diverse populations. Scott also contributes important theoretical concepts of moral assemblage, moral friction, and moral mobilities to the growing body of work on mobility justice.”—Mimi Sheller, author of Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of ExtremesTable of ContentsList of Photographs Acknowledgments Introduction: In Search of the Good Bike Lane 1. Domestic Mobilities: Local Tradition, Urban Place, and Good Roads 2. Industrial Mobilities: Road Engineering, Urban Planning, and Infrastructuring Efficiency 3. Civic Mobilities: Dedicated Bike Lanes, Cycling Social Movements, and Cycling Justice 4. Market Mobilities: Neoliberal Urbanism, Bike Share, and the Commodification of Cycling 5. Ecological Mobilities: Enacting Nature through Cycling Conclusion: Good Cycling Futures Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThe number of bicyclists isincreasing in the United States, especially among the working class and people of color. In contrast to the demographics of bicyclists in the United States, advocacy for bicycling has focused mainly on the interests of whiteupwardly mobile bicyclists, leading to neighborhood conflicts and accusations of racist planning. In Bike Lanes Are White Lanes, scholar Melody L. Hoffmann argues that the bicycle has varied cultural meaning as a rolling signifier. That is, the bicycle's meaning changes in different spaces, with different people, and in different cultures. The rolling signification of the bicycle contributes to building community, influences gentrifying urban planning, and upholds systemic race and class barriers. In this study of three prominent U.S. citiesMilwaukee, Portland, and MinneapolisHoffmann examines how the burgeoning popularity of urban bicycling is trailed by systemic issues of racism, classism, and displacement. From a pro-cycling perspTrade Review"Environmental historians interested in urban issues will profit from Hoffmann's look at social justice issues associated with "green" development. For urban planning students, as well as anyone involved in city planning, this book could be considered required reading. Bicycle advocates will find the work provocative and a stimulus toward more inclusive efforts in creating better transportation options for all city residents. Hoffmann has written an important and significant contribution to scholarship and to public discussions about bicycles, urban living, and development."—James A. Pritchard, Environmental History"Powerfully relevant."—Cat Ariail, Sport in American History“For anyone interested in the urban role of cycling, this is an important book. Informed by an overdue concern with race, class, and gender, it critically redresses imbalances in our current understandings of cycling. [Hoffmann] usefully punctures a general liberal, middle-class complacency over the implicitly assumed superiority of the bicycle. . . . Indispensable reading if our goal is to broaden cycling’s appeal and to make inclusive and just cities, as well as genuinely ecologically sustainable ones.”—Dave Horton, author of Promoting Walking and Cycling: New Perspectives on Sustainable Travel“Important to many fields: transportation, race, city planning, housing and migration, sustainability, community organizing, planning and policy processes, and equity. . . . In the emerging scholarship concerning ‘bike equity,’ Melody Hoffmann is an early and influential entrant.”—Julian Agyeman, author of Incomplete Streets: Processes, Practices and PossibilitiesTable of ContentsAcknowledgments 1. One Less Car, One More Critique: U.S. Urban Bicycle Culture and Advocacy2. More Races, Less Racing: The Role of a Bicycle Race in Community Building3. Bike Lanes Are White Lanes: Gentrification and Historical Racism in Portland's Bicycle Infrastructure Planning4. Recruiting People Like You: Class-Based Recruitment and Bicycle Advocacy in Minneapolis5. The Beginning of the Equity Era: Possibilities and Solutions NotesBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn A Connected Metropolis Maxwell Johnson describes Los Angeles’s rise in the early twentieth century as catalyzed by a series of upper-class debates about the city’s connections to the outside world. By focusing on specific moments in the city’s development when tensions over Los Angeles’s connections, or lack thereof, emerged, Johnson ties each movement to two or three contemporary figures who influenced the debates at hand. The elites’ previous efforts to secure nationwide and global connections for Los Angeles were wildly successful following World War II. As a result, the city became a landing spot for African American migrants, Cambodian and Laotian refugees, and Mexican and Central American immigrants. Johnson argues that the city’s history is more defined by external relationships than previously understood, and those relationships have given the history of the city more continuity than originally recognized. At the turn ofTrade Review“Pithy and insightful, Maxwell Johnson’s A Connected Metropolis offers a captivating—and often surprising—exploration of how urban elites transformed the remote frontier town of Los Angeles into a global metropolis in the span of a century.”—Edward D. Melillo, author of Strangers on Familiar Soil: Rediscovering the Chile-California Connection“Maxwell Johnson’s skill as a researcher shines throughout A Connected Metropolis. Although primarily directed at historians of Los Angeles and California, urban historians will find much value in his analysis of elite urban actors and will be able to use this as a model for studying elite politics in other American cities.”—Jessica M. Kim, author of Imperial Metropolis: Los Angeles, Mexico, and the Borderlands of American Empire, 1865–1941

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Book SynopsisThis is a book of encounters. Part memoir, part essay, and partly a guide to maximizing your capacity for fulfillment and expression, The Poetry of Everyday Life taps into the artistic side of what we often take for granted: the stories we tell, the people we love, the metaphors used by scientists, even our sex lives. A folklorist, writer, and cultural activist, Steve Zeitlin explores how poems serve us in daily life and how they are used in times of personal and national crisis. In the first book to bring together the perspectives of folklore and creative writing, Zeitlin explores meaning and experience, covering topics ranging from poetry in the life cycle to the contemporary uses of ancient myths. This convergence of poetry and folklore, he suggests, gives birth to something new: a new way of seeing ourselves, and a new way of being in the world. Written with humor and insight, the book introduces readers to the many eccentric and visionary characters Zeitlin has meTrade ReviewFor the folklorist, the book is of considerable interest because it shows us how one prominent public-sector folklorist approaches his material in a manner that is somewhat distinctive. * Journal of American Folklore *The Poetry of Everyday Life reads like a conversation Zeitlin has had with the many people he has met in fieldwork, with his friends, family, ping-pong partners, and scholars who inform his thinking. Likewise, we find ourselves in conversation with poets, scholars, community members, his family, and others, all of whom are equal participants. The book prompts me to question my own language in writing this review when really, how do I review a book that made me think differently, that brought me to tears, and that changed how I teach? I could offer a poem, but I'll end with a pitch: buy this book. * Journal of Folklore Research *

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Book SynopsisIn Saving Our Cities, William W. Goldsmith shows how cities can be places of opportunity rather than places with problems. With strongly revived cities and suburbs, working as places that serve all their residents, metropolitan areas will thrive, thus making the national economy more productive, the environment better protected, the citizenry better educated, and the society more reflective, sensitive, and humane. Goldsmith argues that America has been in the habit of abusing its cities and their poorest suburbs, which are always the first to be blamed for society's ills and the last to be helped. As federal and state budgets, regulations, and programs line up with the interests of giant corporations and privileged citizens, they impose austerity on cities, shortchange public schools, make it hard to get nutritious food, and inflict the drug war on unlucky neighborhoods. Frustration with inequality is spreading. Parents and teachers call persistently for improvemTrade Review"Saving Our Cities provides a compelling argument that the most important 'urban' policies we can pursue are those that are not actually regarded as `urban’ at all. William W. Goldsmith convincingly shows that to improve our cities we need `upstream’ policies that address social problems that have a disproportionately negative impact on urban areas. This is an important book that should improve the way we think about urban policy." -- Edward G. Goetz, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning and Director of the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs at the University of Minnesota, author of New Deal Ruins: Race, Economic Justice, and Public Housing Policy"William W. Goldsmith lays out a novel path for urban reform. Critiquing policies beyond the usual suspects, he shows how federal and state decisions have harmed city residents by promoting austerity, unequal schools, bad food, and the drug war. Saving Our Cities offers a forceful and optimistic road map for progressive change." -- Margaret Weir, Avice M. Saint Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Sociology and Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, author of Politics and Jobs"Saving Our Cities is a fresh and welcome contribution to our study of cities, planning, and change. It reminds us that, with enlightened state and federal action, we can reduce inequality and meet the needs of most city residents for improved housing, better transportation, and enhanced public spaces." -- Norman Krumholz, Cleveland State University, past president of the American Planning Association, coauthor of Making Equity Planning Work

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Book SynopsisIn Native to the Republic, Minayo Nasiali traces the process through which expectations about living standards and decent housing came to be understood as social rights in late twentieth-century France. These ideas evolved through everyday negotiations between ordinary people, municipal authorities, central state bureaucrats, elected officials, and social scientists in postwar Marseille. Nasiali shows how these local-level interactions fundamentally informed evolving ideas about French citizenship and the built environment, namely that the institutionalization of social citizenship also created new spaces for exclusion. Although everyone deserved social rights, some were supposedly more deserving than others.From the 1940s through the early 1990s, metropolitan discussions about the potential for town planning to transform everyday life were shaped by colonial and, later, postcolonial migration within the changing empire. As a port and the historical gateway to and fromTrade ReviewThis detailed review of citizenship and housing in postwar Marseille amplifies understanding of French urban life through reconstruction and analysis of local dynamics in the neighborhoods (and public housing projects) of this dynamic, variegated city over time.... Carefully engaging literatures on the state and society in France, the author offers new vantages more than new patterns or interpretations. Nonetheless, the book should be welcomed for both its local, human focus and its accessible study of politics and urban transformations in the second city of France, which speaks to many contemporary issues in France and beyond. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels/libraries. -- G. W. McDonogh, Bryn Mawr College * CHOICE *In this groundbreaking book, Nasiali argues that ideas about membership in the nation and about quality of life in late twentieth-century France were forged at the local level...What is pioneering in Nasiali's approach is her engagement with housing projects at the local level in Marseille. Rather than observation from the heights of French central state authority, she digs down into the nitty-gritty of local negotiations between ordinary people and government authorities. * Journal of Modern History *Native to the Republic is a solid addition to postcolonial studies on France and the French welfare state. * American Historical Review *

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Book SynopsisLabor unions remain the largest membership-based organizations in major North American cities, even after years of decline. Labor continues to play a vital role in mobilizing urban residents, shaping urban conflict, and crafting the policies and regulations that are transforming our urban spaces. As unions become more involved in the daily life of the city, they find themselves confronting the familiar dilemma of how to fold union priorities into broader campaigns that address nonunion workers and the lives of union members beyond the workplace. If we are right to believe that the future of the labor movement is an urban one, union activists and staffers, urban policymakers, elected officials, and members of the public alike will require a fuller understanding of what impels unions to become involved in urban policy issues, what dilemmas structure the choices unions make, and what impact unions have on the lives of urban residents, beyond their members.Unions and the City serTrade ReviewConcise analysis of the approach developed by those of us deeply involved in the struggle to improve working and living conditions in Canada's largest urban centre.... A clear analysis of unions and the dialectics of renewal. * Our Times: Canada's Independent Labour Magazine *The essays in this uniformly strong collection present a highly nuanced account of successes and setbacks of union campaigns to shape the direction of two changing cities: New York and Toronto.... Readers will learn much from this book about union engagement with urban space, policy and politics. * Labour *Unions and the City is successful in showing that union demands are not merely workplace concerns... It is hoped that MacDonald's book will encourage future scholarship on the efficacy of unions in this broader urban terrain. * Journal of Urban Affairs *Unions and the City is a well-written and well-edited account of labor challenges in an urban context. It fills a significant gap in the union renewal literature by raising important questions about how unions must transcend their traditional roles and address societal ten- sions around class, gender, and race. * ILR Review *This volume provides a timely and infor- mative exploration of the role of unions in urban politics and fills a gap in the litera- ture. MacDonald has done an excellent job of introducing the reader to the importance of unions as urban actors and the dynamics of urban politics. * Industrial Relations *Table of ContentsIntroduction. The Urbanization of Union Strategy and Struggle, Ian MacDonaldPart 1. LABOR AND THE HOSPITABLE CITY,Ian MacDonald1. Labor Strategy and the Politics of Elite Division in Midtown Manhattan, Ian MacDonald 2. Organized Labor and Casino Politics in Toronto, Steven TuftsPart 2. LABOR AND THE CREATIVE CITY, Maria Figueroa, Lois S. Gray, and Thorben Wieditz3. New York Film Production Unions Enter the Political Arena in Search of Tax Subsidies,Maria Figueroa and Lois S. Gray4. Film Unions' Struggle to Defend Studio Space in Toronto, Thorben WieditzPart 3. LABOR AND THE SUSTAINABLE CITY, James Nugent5. Building a Green New York: Construction Unions and Community Alliances, Maria Figueroa6. Struggling for Good Green Jobs in Toronto’s Deindustrializing Suburbs, James NugentPart 4. LABOR AND THE CARING CITY, Simon Black7. Creating a City for Workers: Union Strategies on Child Care in New York City, Susanna F. Schaller, K. C. Wagner, and Mildred E. Warner8. In Defense of "Gold-Plated" Child Care: Union Struggles to Preserve Quality Care and Quality Care Work in Toronto, Simon BlackConclusion, Ian MacDonald

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Book SynopsisThe One-Way Street of Integration examines two contrasting housing policy approaches to achieving racial justice. Integration initiatives and community development efforts have been for decades contrasting means of achieving racial equity through housing policy. Goetz traces the tensions involved in housing integration and policy to show why he doesn''t see the solution to racial injustice as the government moving poor and nonwhite people out of their communities. The One-Way Street of Integration critiques fair housing integration policies for targeting settlement patterns while ignoring underlying racism and issues of economic and political power. Goetz challenges liberal orthodoxy, determining that the standard efforts toward integration are unlikely to lead to racial equity or racial justice in American cities. In fact, in this pursuit it is the community development movement rather that has the greatest potential for connecting to social change and social jTrade ReviewA courageous work in that Goetz confronts a difficult debate head on. Goetz gives clear guidance about what he believes to be the way forward. * Journal of Planning Education and Research *Should stimulate debate. * Choice *Professor Goetz's sweeping indictment of the well-intentioned effort to advance racial integration deserves thoughtful consideration; it should inspire wide-ranging debate. * The Metropole *Goetz has presented compelling arguments for his position on locating subsidized housing, favoring the community development movement. * Journal of Urban Affairs *Goetz has written an important and timely book. Beyond its substantial contribution to the scholarly literature on American urban policy, infinitely more important is its potential to aid in the ongoing struggle against racial injustice and American white supremacy—something needed now perhaps more than ever. * Shelterforce *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Alternative Approaches to RegionalEquity and Racial Justice 1. The Integration Imperative 2. Affirmatively Furthering Community Development 3. The "Hollow Prospect" of Integration 4. The Three Stations of Fair Housing Spatial Strategy 5. New Issues, Unresolved Questions, and the Widening Debate Conclusion: Everyone Deserves to Live in anOpportunity Neighborhood

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Book SynopsisTo understand a city fully, writes Di Wang, we must observe its most basic units of social life. In The Teahouse under Socialism, Wang does just that, arguing that the teahouses of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, are some of the most important public spacesperfect sites for examining the social and economic activities of everyday Chinese.Wang looks at the transformation of these teahouses from private businesses to collective ownership and how state policy and the proprietors' response to it changed the overall economic and social structure of the city. He uses this transformation to illuminate broader trends in China's urban public life from 1950 through the end of the Cultural Revolution and into the post-Mao reform era. In doing so, The Teahouse under Socialism charts the fluctuations in fortune of this ancient cultural institution and analyzes how it survived, and even thrived, under bleak conditions.Throughout, Wang asks such questions as: Trade ReviewWritten in plain language, this book is easily accessible to non-professionals interested in Chinese urban culture. Meticulously researched, it also offers new material and insights to scholars in modern Chinese history, urban studies, cultural anthropology, and the sociology of leisure. * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *This book is clearly indispensable reading for anyone interested in modern Chinese social history, but given its accessibility and entertaining narrative style it will appeal to a general audience with concerns about the ways in which urban public space enhances everyday social and cultural experience. * China Review International *The Teahouse Under Socialism is a captivating account of the way in which broad political changes are manifested in small urban spaces. [A] deeply-researched and trans-disciplinary study, [it] makes a valuable contribution not only to Chinese and global urban history but to our understanding of civil society and the public sphere in non-Western contexts. * awards citation from Urban History Association, co-winner of Best Book in Non-North American History, 2017-2018 *Anyone who studies or is interested in PRC history or modern Chinese society should not miss the chance to read this book. * China Review *The Teahouse under Socialism is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand political and cultural change in Mao-era and post-Mao China. * History Reviews of New Books *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Urban Political Transitions under Socialism Part I. The Decline of Public Life, 1950–1976 1. The Demise of the Chengdu Teahouse Guild and the Fall of Small Business 2. State Control and the Rise of Socialist Entertainment 3. The Decline of Public Life under Mao's Rule Part II. The Return of Public Life, 1977–2000 4. The Resurgence of Teahouses in the Reform Era 5. Urban Residents and Migrant Workers in Public Life 6. The Power of Mahjong Conclusion: The State, the Teahouse, and the Public Sphere

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Book SynopsisTo understand a city fully, writes Di Wang, we must observe its most basic units of social life. In The Teahouse under Socialism, Wang does just that, arguing that the teahouses of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, are some of the most important public spacesperfect sites for examining the social and economic activities of everyday Chinese.Wang looks at the transformation of these teahouses from private businesses to collective ownership and how state policy and the proprietors' response to it changed the overall economic and social structure of the city. He uses this transformation to illuminate broader trends in China's urban public life from 1950 through the end of the Cultural Revolution and into the post-Mao reform era. In doing so, The Teahouse under Socialism charts the fluctuations in fortune of this ancient cultural institution and analyzes how it survived, and even thrived, under bleak conditions.Throughout, Wang asks such questions as: Trade ReviewWritten in plain language, this book is easily accessible to non-professionals interested in Chinese urban culture. Meticulously researched, it also offers new material and insights to scholars in modern Chinese history, urban studies, cultural anthropology, and the sociology of leisure. * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *This book is clearly indispensable reading for anyone interested in modern Chinese social history, but given its accessibility and entertaining narrative style it will appeal to a general audience with concerns about the ways in which urban public space enhances everyday social and cultural experience. * China Review International *The Teahouse Under Socialism is a captivating account of the way in which broad political changes are manifested in small urban spaces. [A] deeply-researched and trans-disciplinary study, [it] makes a valuable contribution not only to Chinese and global urban history but to our understanding of civil society and the public sphere in non-Western contexts. * awards citation from Urban History Association, co-winner of Best Book in Non-North American History, 2017-2018 *Anyone who studies or is interested in PRC history or modern Chinese society should not miss the chance to read this book. * China Review *The Teahouse under Socialism is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand political and cultural change in Mao-era and post-Mao China. * History Reviews of New Books *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Urban Political Transitions under Socialism Part I. The Decline of Public Life, 1950–1976 1. The Demise of the Chengdu Teahouse Guild and the Fall of Small Business 2. State Control and the Rise of Socialist Entertainment 3. The Decline of Public Life under Mao's Rule Part II. The Return of Public Life, 1977–2000 4. The Resurgence of Teahouses in the Reform Era 5. Urban Residents and Migrant Workers in Public Life 6. The Power of Mahjong Conclusion: The State, the Teahouse, and the Public Sphere

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Book SynopsisIn From Mobility to Accessibility, an expert team of researchers flips the tables on the standard models for evaluating regional transportation performance. Jonathan Levine, Joe Grengs, and Louis A. Merlin argue for an "accessibility shift" whereby transportation planning, and the transportation dimensions of land-use planning, would be based...Trade ReviewLevine, Grengs, and Merlin marshal a compelling case to shift to accessibility-oriented planning, providing much needed conceptual clarity as to what accessibility is and is not. But their book also represents a major step toward transforming accessibility from a vaguely defined aspiration into concrete measures that can guide planning decisions. * Journal of the American Planning Association *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction: The Accessibility Shift 1. What Is Transportation For? 2. Evolution of the Accessibility Concept 3. Accessibility in Everyday Planning 4. Accessibility and Urban Form 5. The Special Case of Public-Transport Accessibility 6. Accessibility in Social-Equity Evaluation 7. Nonwork Accessibility Conclusion: Envisioning the Accessibility Shift

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewFreedomland is the definitive book on the history of Co-op City. * Co-Op City Times *Freedomland dispels the myth of Co-Op City's perceived independence and refocuses it front and center as a landmark to renter's rights and the changing nature of housing in modern New York. * The Bowery Boys *This is the first real history of Co-Op city, and should do much to undo popular misconceptions about the place. * The Gotham Center for New York City History *This is an achievement. Given the lack of history of so many aspects of Bronx life, this tells quite a story. [Sammartino] has done a tremendous job with it. * The Bronx Buzz *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Co-op City and the Story of New York 1. "The World's Greatest Housing Cooperative": Building a New City, 1965–1968 2. "Everyone Was Seekinga Utopia": Building a Community, 1968–1973 3. "We Remember Picket Lines": Cooperator Militancy, 1970–1974 4. "No Way,We Won't Pay": The Rent Strike, 1975–1976 5. "We Inherited a Mess!": After the Rent Strike, 1977–1981 6. "Co-op City Is the Bronx": A Middle-Class Community, 1982–1993 7. "The Biggest Housing Bargain in Town": Achieving Financial Stability, 1981–1993 Epilogue: Freedomland Today

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Book SynopsisAddressing participatory, transdisciplinary approaches to local stewardship of the environment, Grassroots to Global features scholars and stewards exploring the broad impacts of civic engagement with the environment.Chapters focus on questions that include: How might faith-based institutions in Chicago expand the work of church-community gardens? How do volunteer nature cleaners in Tehran attempt to change Iranian social norms? How does an international community in Baltimore engage local people in nature restoration while fostering social equity? How does a child in an impoverished coal mining region become a local and national leader in abandoned mine restoration? And can a loose coalition that transforms blighted areas in Indian cities into pocket parks become a social movement? From the findings of the authors' diverse case studies, editor Marianne Krasny provides a way to help readers understand the greater implications of civic ecology practices through the lensTrade ReviewBoth eminently practical and theoretically sophisticated. Grassroots to Global will be of great interest to those who focus on civic ecology in particular, or scholars and practitioners who focus on grassroots approaches to social-ecological change in general. * Choice *Grassroots to Global is about reclaiming broken pieces....the text is enhanced with a variety of charts and pictures, and it clearly has a global reach. * Electric Green Journal *Table of ContentsForeword, by Keith G. Tidball Acknowledgments Introduction, by Marianne E. Krasny Part I: CULTURE BUILDING: CHANGING SOCIAL NORMS THROUGH CIVIC ECOLOGY PRACTICES 1. Coming Home to Common Ground in Stressed Communities: Intentional Civic Engagement in the Collins Avenue Streamside Community of Southwest Baltimore, by Jill Wrigley, Mila Kellen Marshall, and Michael Sarbanes 2. The Bitter and the Sweet of Nature: Weaving a Tapestry of Migration Stories, by Veronica Kyle and Laurel Kearns 3. Grassroots Stewardship in Iran: The Rise and Significance of Nature Cleaners, by Karim-Aly Kassam, Zahra Golshani, and Marianne E. Krasny 4. Returning Orange Waters to Blue: Creating a Culture of Civic Engagement through Learning Experiences, by Louise Chawla and Robert E. Hughes Part II: KNOWLEDGE BUILDING: LEARNING IN CIVIC ECOLOGY PRACTICE 5. The Nature of Transformative Learning for Social-Ecological Sustainability, by Martha Chaves and Arjen E. J. Wals 6. Making Knowledge in Civic Ecology Practices: A Community Garden Case Study, by Philip Silva and Rosalba Lopez Ramirez 7. Mapping the Route from Citizen Science to Environmental Stewardship: Integrating Adaptive Management and Civic Ecology Practice, by Rebecca Jordan Part III: MOVEMENT BUILDING: CIVIC ECOLOGY AS STRATEGIC ACTION FIELD 8. Adaptive Management, Adaptive Governance, and Civic Ecology, by Lance Gunderson, Elizabeth Whiting Pierce, and Marianne E. Krasny 9. The Healing Powers of Nature in Joplin's Cunningham Park: Coupling Design-Build and Civic Ecology, by Keith E. Hedges, Traci Sooter, Nancy Chikaraishi, and Marianne E. Krasny 10. Countering Environmental Gentrification through Economic, Cultural, and Political Equity: The 11th Street Bridge Park, by Dennis Chestnut and Marianne E. Krasny 11. Civic Stewardship as a Catalyst for Social-Ecological Change in Detroit, Michigan, by Rebecca Salminen Witt, Erika Svendsen, and Marianne E. Krasny 12. From Practice to Fledgling Social Movement in India: Lessons from "The Ugly Indian", by Aniruddha Abhyankar and Marianne E. Krasny Afterword: Toward a Collaborative Engagement, by David Maddox Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisBy focusing on the social and cultural life of post-1965 Taiwan immigrants in Queens, New York, this book shifts Chinese American studies from ethnic enclaves to the diverse multiethnic neighborhoods of Flushing and Elmhurst. As Hsiang-shui Chen documents, the political dynamics of these settlements are entirely different from the traditional closed Chinese communities; the immigrants in Queens think of themselves as living in worldtown, not in a second Chinatown. Drawing on interviews with members of a hundred households, Chen brings out telling aspects of demography, immigration experience, family life, and gender roles, and then turns to vivid, humanistic portraits of three families. Chen also describes the organizational life of the Chinese in Queens with a lively account of the power struggles and social interactions that occur within religious, sports, social service, and business groups and with the outside world.Trade ReviewChinatown No More is an informative addition to the urban, immigrant, and ethnic community literature. -- Sharon M. Lee * Contemporary Sociology *Chen's readable ethnography brings together his insights as both participant in and observer of an extraordinarily significant segment of America's changing ethnic landscape. Teachers from advanced high school onward should welcome this excellent introduction to Taiwan immigrants in Flushing, Queens. Academic specialists focusing on ethnic relations, on the complexities of class in the United States, or on the 'overseas Chinese' will also find Chen's study informative and thought provoking. -- Hill Gates * American Ethnologist *

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Book SynopsisThe conceptualization and execution of Repowering Cities are terrific, and provides readers with a deep understanding of why, how, and to what effect cities have mobilized to mitigate the effects of climate change.?Michael J. Rich, Emory University, coauthor of Collaborative Governance for Urban RevitalizationCity governments are rapidly becoming society''s problem solvers. As Sara Hughes shows, nowhere is this more evident than in New York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto, where the cities'' governments are taking on the challenge of addressing climate change.Repowering Cities focuses on the specific issue of reducing urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and develops a new framework for distinguishing analytically and empirically the policy agendas city governments develop for reducing GHG emissions, the governing strategies they use to implement these agendas, and the direct and catalytic means by which they contribute to climate chaTrade ReviewAs Sara Hughes's Repowering Cities rightly points out,... much of the research on city climate efforts focuses on the adoption of greenhouse gas reduction goals. Hughes is interested in an even more pressing question: once goals are adopted, how do cities move forward with the complicated process of governing emissions? To answer this question, she offers an excellent synthesis of years of scholarship on cities and climate change, then builds on it with her own study of New York, Los Angeles, and Toronto. In doing so, Repowering Cities offers a useful illumination of the political challenges of achieving city climate goals. * Global Environmental Politics *I think specialist and non-specialist readers will enjoy this engaging and accessible book. For practitioners, who are often presented with case studies or best practices that highlight the policy options, it can help to equip them with an understanding of how they might pursue such an initiative in their own city. It provides clear examples that cities around the world can replicate immediately – whether they are already leading on climate change mitigation or seeking to catch up. * Local Government Studies *With perhaps a decade to avert the worst consequences of climate change, is urban climate action a lost cause? Far from it, according to Sara Hughes, whose book provides a cross-case comparison of how three major North American cities—New York, Los Angeles and Toronto—have striven to mitigate climate change. Theoretically, Hughes's approach is a valuable contribution to the environmental policy and urban politics literatures, which have relied primarily on institutional, regime theory, and interest-group pluralism explanations for why cities commit to sustainability policies * Perspectives on Politics *Sara Hughes offers a valuable lesson that climate change mitigation is no simple task. There is no template. Every city will face its own mix of challenges and must create its own policies. We can take from this volume the reality that it is not only later than we think, but that change is going to be harder than we imagine. * Journal of Urban Affairs *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Shifting Ambitions and Positions of City Governments 1. Progress or Pipe Dream? Cities and Climate Change Mitigation 2. Evaluating Urban Governance: A Three-Part Framework 3. Made to Measure: Tracing Unique Climate Policy Agendas in New York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto 4. The Means Behind the Methods: Governing Strategies to Reduce Green house Gas Emissions 5. Are We There Yet? Identifying and Evaluating Urban Progress on Climate Change Mitigation Conclusion: Prospects and Consequences of Repowering Cities Acknowledgments Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThe humanist perception of fourteenth-century Rome as a slumbering ruin awaiting the Renaissance and the return of papal power has cast a long shadow on the historiography of the city. Challenging this view, James A. Palmer argues that Roman political culture underwent dramatic changes in the late Middle Ages, with profound and lasting implications for city''s subsequent development. The Virtues of Economy examines the transformation of Rome''s governing elites as a result of changes in the city''s economic, political, and spiritual landscape.Palmer explores this shift through the history of Roman political society, its identity as an urban commune, and its once-and-future role as the spiritual capital of Latin Christendom. Tracing the contours of everyday Roman politics, The Virtues of Economy reframes the reestablishment of papal sovereignty in Rome as the product of synergy between papal ambitions and local political culture. More broadly, Palmer emphasizes RTrade ReviewPalmer tells the political story of how the papacy eventually asserted its mastery of Rome, and he understands governance and power. * SPECULUM *This book is a welcome addition to the history of late medieval Rome, which plunged us into the world of the nascent elite surrounding what will become "the papal prince." * H-Italy *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments A Note about Currency Introduction: Late Medieval Rome, an Elusive Phantom Part One: Rome in the Late Middle Ages 1. Ruin and Reality 2. Power, Morality, and Political Change in Fourteenth- Century Rome Part Two: Performances of Virtue 3. Living and Dying Together: Testamentary Practice in Fourteenth-Century Rome 4. For the Benefit of Souls: Chapels, Virtue, and Justice Part Three: Roman Political Society and the Question of Audience 5. The Houses of Women: Citizens, Spiritual Economy, and Community 6. Good Governance and the Economy of Violence Conclusion: To Govern but Not to Rule Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHow do people improvise political communities in the face of state collapseand at what cost? Street Sovereigns explores the risks and rewards taken by young men on the margins of urban Haiti who broker relations with politicians, state agents, and NGO workers in order to secure representation, resources, and jobs for themselves and neighbors. Moving beyond mainstream analyses that understand these groupsknown as baz (base)as apolitical, criminal gangs, Chelsey Kivland argues that they more accurately express a novel mode of street politics that has resulted from the nexus of liberalizing orders of governance and development with longstanding practices of militant organizing in Haiti.Kivland demonstrates how the baz exemplifies an innovative and effective platform for intervening in the contemporary political order, while at the same time reproducing gendered and generational hierarchies and precipitating contests of leadership that exacerbate neighborhood insecuTrade ReviewKivland's fine-grained portraits of her interlocutors are poignant and compelling. * American Anthropologist *In Street Sovereigns, Chelsey Kivland draws on years of ethnographic research to reframe the way we think about political agency, sovereignty, and statemaking in Haiti. Kivland masterfully weaves an analysis that is rich in ethnographic detail and sophisticated in theoretical insight. There is a remarkable humility to her analysis; the result is a work of deep and profound respect. * New West Indian Guide *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Baz 1. Defense 2. History 3. Respect 4. Identity 5. Development 6. Gender Conclusion: The Spiral

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Book SynopsisFounded as an ecclesiastical center, trading hub, and intended capital of a feudal state, Riga was Old Livonia''s greatest city and its indispensable port. Because the city was situated in what was initially remote and inhospitable territory, surrounded by pagans and coveted by regional powers like Poland, Sweden, and Muscovy, it was also a fortress encased by a wall.The House of Hemp and Butter begins in the twelfth century with the arrival to the eastern Baltic of German priests, traders, and knights, who conquered and converted the indigenous tribes and assumed mastery over their lands. It ends in 1710 with an account of the greatest war Livonia had ever seen, one that was accompanied by mass starvation, a terrible epidemic, and a flood of nearly biblical proportions that devastated the city and left its survivors in misery.Readers will learn about Riga''s peoplemerchants and clerics, craftsmen and builders, porters and day laborersabout its structuresTrade ReviewO'Connor's book is a portrait of a city that is no more, a city whose citizens and guests redefined themselves many times, but not along the lines that today's Rigans would recognize. While the author reminds us that the past is a foreign country, he all the same encourages the reader to see societies as ever-changing entities, exposing the claims to Europe's historical homogeneity as myths built on faulty foundations. * The Russian Review *... careful research is combined with a lively and colourful style.... This vivid and readable account is an excellent concise exposition of the early history of a great city. * Journal of European Studies *The House of Hemp and Butter is an impeccably-researched and very engagingly written account of Riga's fascinating social, economic, and political history. * New Books Network *

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewCondensed yet energetic and substantial history of Chicago. Spinney has a firm sense of historical narrative as well as a keen eye for entertaining and illuminating detail. * Publishers Weekly *A much-needed, brief yet comprehensive analytical history of Chicago. * Journal of Illinois History *Table of Contents1. The Early World of Chigagou, 1600–1750 2. Chigagou Becomes Chicago, 1750–1835 3. Boom, Bust, and Recovery in Early Chicago, 1835–1850 4. Chicago Conquers the Midwest, 1850–1890 5. Life in a City on the Make, 1850–1900 6. The Fire, the Bomb, and the Fair, 1871–1893 7. The New Immigration, 1880–1920 8. Progressivism and Urban Reform, 1890–1915 9. World War I and the Roaring Twenties, 1915–1929 10. The Great Depression, World War II, and Suburban Growth, 1929–1955 11. Richard J. Daley and the City That Works, 1955–1976 12. The Challenges of the Post-Machine Years, 1976–1997 13. Glamorous and Grim: Chicago in the Twenty-First Century

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Book SynopsisTracing the history of refugee settlement in Fargo, North Dakota, from the 1980s to the present day, Race-ing Fargo focuses on the role that gender, religion, and sociality play in everyday interactions between refugees from South Sudan and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the dominant white Euro-American population of the city. Jennifer Erickson outlines the ways in which refugees have impacted this small city over the last thirty years, showing how culture, political economy, and institutional transformations collectively contribute to the racialization of white cities like Fargo in ways that complicate their demographics. Race-ing Fargo shows that race, religion, and decorum prove to be powerful forces determining worthiness and belonging in the city and draws attention to the different roles that state and private sectors played in shaping ideas about race and citizenship on a local level. Through the comparative study of white secular Muslim Bosnians and Black ChristTrade ReviewA grounded study of the everyday practices of refugee-serving state and nonprofit agencies and the interpersonal relationships between refugees and the city's dominant white population, this volume offers a kaleidoscopic portrait of how refugees have reshaped local ideas about race, citizenship practices, and belonging. * Choice *Race-ing Fargo contributes to the literature on refugee resettlement, new immigrant destinations, and urban studies and would be of interest to scholars and students in these fields. * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Race-ing Fargo is a meticulously researched study about citizenship and diversity practices among residents and newcomers resulting from refugee resettlement and how those played out in, and transformed, the small global city of Fargo, North Dakota—making important contributions to race, immigration, belonging, welfare, and globalization scholarship. * Social Forces *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Valley to the World 1. Histories, Assemblages, and the City 2. The NGOization of Refugee Resettlement 3. ibling Rivalry: Welfare and Refugee Resettlement 4. Diversity and Inclusion in Fargo 5. Resettled Orientalisms: Bosnian Muslims and Roma in Fargo 6. Beyond Bare Life: Southern Sudanese in Fargo Conclusion: Prairie for the People

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Book SynopsisThe Things of Life is a social and cultural history of material objects and spaces during the late socialist era. It traces the biographies of Soviet things, examining how the material world of the late Soviet period influenced Soviet people''s gender roles, habitual choices, social trajectories, and imaginary aspirations. Instead of seeing political structures and discursive frameworks as the only mechanisms for shaping Soviet citizens, Alexey Golubev explores how Soviet people used objects and spaces to substantiate their individual and collective selves. In doing so, Golubev rediscovers what helped Soviet citizens make sense of their selves and the world around them, ranging from space rockets and model aircraft to heritage buildings, and from home gyms to the hallways and basements of post-Stalinist housing. Through these various materialist fascinations, The Things of Life considers the ways in which many Soviet people subverted the efforts of the Communist regimeTrade ReviewGolubev (Univ. of Houston) has produced a provocative work on materiality in the late Soviet period. The study analyzes the role of material objects and spaces in the development of gender roles, social structures, and the socialist ideal in the last decades of the Soviet Union. * Choice *The Things of Life is an important book and a substantial contribution to the social and cultural history of the USSR, the history of Soviet materiality, and material culture in general. Although it is rather short, the book covers a lot of ground and offers important theoretical insights. It should stimulate scholars to continue the exploration of socialist material culture and other interstices of the Soviet individual and collective experience. * Ab Imperio *Golubev's book contributes to a more nuanced understanding of late-Soviet everyday life. [T]his analytical intervention makes Golubev's book a valuable resource for anthropologists working with materialities and their interfaces with selves and bodies. * Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford *The Things of Life is provocative, tantalizing and stimulating, and it fully achieves its aim of showing the importance and creative potential of centring the material at the heart of human experience. * Slavonic and East European Review *[A] highly readable text and an ideal integration of theory, empiricism, and narrative. This book lends itself well to teaching and is a welcome addition to our knowledge of late Soviet society, thoroughly researched and theorized, yet accessibly written in a lively tone. * The Russian Review *Golubev's book stands in a rich tradition of investigating the social agency of things and the entanglements between humans and objects in Soviet Russia and other European socialist countries. Golubev's book is certainly a welcome addition to the academic literature on (post)soviet materiality. * Technology and Culture *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Elemental Materialism in Soviet Culture and Society 1. Techno-Utopian Visions of Soviet Intellectuals after Stalin 2. Time in 1:72 Scale: The Plastic Historicity of Soviet Models 3. History in Wood: The Search for Historical Authenticity in North Russia 4. When Spaces of Transit Fail Their Designers: Social Antagonisms of Soviet Stairwells and Streets 5. The Men of Steel: Repairing and Empowering Soviet Bodies with Iron 6. Ordinary and Paranormal: The Soviet Television Set Conclusions: Soviet Objects and Socialist Modernity

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Book SynopsisVulnerable Communities examines the struggles of smaller cities in the United States, those with populations between 20,000 and 200,000. Like many larger metropolitan centers, these places are confronting change within a globalized economic and cultural order. Many of them have lost their identities as industrial or commercial centers and face a complex and distinctive mix of economic, social, and civic challenges. Small cities have not only fewer resources but different strengths and weaknesses, all of which differentiate their experiences from those of larger communities.Vulnerable Communities draws together scholars from a broad range of disciplines to consider the present condition and future prospects of smaller American cities. Contributors offer a mix of ground-level analyses and examinations of broader developments that have impacted economically weakened communities and provide concrete ideas for local leaders engaged in redevelopment workTrade ReviewVulnerable Communities belongs on the shelf of any library focused on the future of small cities.[It] makes an important contribution[.] * Journal of Urban Affairs *Table of ContentsVulnerable Communities: An Introduction, by James J. Connolly, Dagney G. Faulk, and Emily J. Wornell Part I: INTERNAL DYNAMICS 1. The Perils of In-Betweenness: Fragmented Growth in a Virginia Small City, by Henry Way 2. Building Civic Infrastructure in Smaller Cities: Lessons from the Boston Fed's Working Cities Challenge on Paving the Way for Economic Opportunity, by Colleen Dawicki 3. Diversity in the Dakotas: Lessons on Intercultural Policies, by Jennifer Erickson 4. Shaking Off the Rust in the America South: Deindustrialization, Abandonment, and Revitalization in Bessemer, Alabama, by William G. Holt Part II: PATTERNS AND STRATEGIES 5. The Economic Fortunes of Small Industrial Cities and Towns: Manufacturing, Place Luck, and the UrbanTransfer Payment Economy, by Alan Mallach 6. Where Do Small Cities Belong? The Case of theMicropolitan Area, by James Matthew Fannin and Vikash Dangal 7. Conceptualizing Shrinking Inner-Ring Suburbs asSmall Cities: Governance in Communities in Transition, by Hannah Lebovits 8. Local Government Responses to Property Tax Caps: An Analysis of Indiana Municipal Governments, by Dagney G. Faulk, Charles Taylor, and Pamela Schaal 9. Asymmetric Local Employment Multipliers, Agglomeration, and the Disappearance of Footloose Jobs, by Michael J. Hicks

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Book SynopsisDrawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with activists, Fractured Militancy tells the story of postapartheid South Africa from the perspective of Johannesburg''s impoverished urban Black neighborhoods. Nearly three decades after South Africa''s transition from apartheid to democracy, widespread protests and xenophobic attacks suggest that not all is well in the once-celebrated rainbow nation. Marcel Paret traces rising protests back to the process of democratization and racial inclusion. This process dangled the possibility of change but preserved racial inequality and economic insecurity, prompting residents to use militant protests to express their deep sense of betrayal and to demand recognition and community development. Underscoring remarkable parallels to movements such as Black Lives Matter in the United States, this account attests to an ongoing struggle for Black liberation in the wake of formal racial inclusion.RTrade ReviewOverall, those interested in social movements, political economy, or methodologically rigorous qualitative work, will find Fractured Militancy an engaging and fruitful read. * Sociology of Race and Ethnicity *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: MOBILIZATION 1. National Liberation 2. Betrayal Part 2: FRAGMENTATION 3. Community 4. Nationalism 5. Class Politics Conclusion

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Book SynopsisFree Culture and the City examines how and why free software spread beyond the world of hackers and software engineers and became the basis for an urban movement now heralded by scholars as a model for emulation. By the late 1990s, digital activists embraced a philosophy of free software and free culture in order to take control over their cities and everyday lives. Free culture, previously tethered to the digital realm, was cut loose and used to reclaim and resculpt the city. In Madrid the effects were dramatic. Common sights in the city were abandoned as industrial factories turned into autonomous social centers, urban orchards, guerrilla architectural camps, or community hacklabs. Drawing on two decades of ethnographic and historical work with free culture collectives in Madrid, Free Culture and the City shows how, in its journey from the digital to the urban, the practice of liberating culture required the mobilization of, and alliances

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Anthony Leeds Prize in Urban Anthropology by the American Anthropological AssociationCorruption Plots illuminates how corruption is fundamental to global storytelling about how states and elites abuse entrusted power in late capitalism. The millennial city of the global South is a charged setting for allegations of corruption, with skyscrapers, land grabs, and slum evictions invoking outrage at deepening economic polarization. Drawing on ethnography in Bengaluru and Mumbai and a cross-section of literary and cinematic stories from cities around the world, Malini Ranganathan, David L. Pike, and Sapana Doshi pay close attention to the racial, caste, class, and gender locations of the narrators, spaces, and publics imagined to be harmed by corruption. Corruption Plots demonstrates how corruption talk is leveraged to make sense of unequal spatial change and used opportunistically by those who are themselves implicated in wrongdoing. Offering a wide-ranging analysis of urban w

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Book SynopsisGoverning Neighborhoods in Urban China examines the key mechanisms operating at the grassroots level in China that contribute to urban development and increased public support for the legitimacy and authority of the Chinese state. Beibei Tang uncovers new trends and dynamics of urban neighborhood governance since the 2000s to reveal the significant factors that contribute to regime survival. Tang introduces the concept of hybrid authoritarianism, a governance mechanism an authoritarian state employs to produce governance legitimacy, public support, and regime sustainability. Hybrid authoritarianism is situated in an intermediary governance space between state and society. It accommodates both state and non-state actors, deals with a wide range of governance issues, employs flexible governance strategies, and in this context, ultimately strengthens CCP leadership. Tang documents processes of hybrid authoritarianism through her focus on various types

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Book SynopsisIn Mallparks, Michael T. Friedman observes that as cathedrals represented power relations in medieval towns and skyscrapers epitomized those within industrial cities, sports stadiums exemplify urban American consumption at the turn of the twenty-first century. Grounded in Henri Lefebvre and George Ritzer''s spatial theories in their analyses of consumption spaces, Mallparks examines how the designers of this generation of baseball stadiums follow the principles of theme park and shopping mall design to create highly effective and efficient consumption sites. In his exploration of these contemporary cathedrals of sport and consumption, Friedman discusses the history of stadium design, the amenities and aesthetics of stadium spaces, and the intentions and conceptions of architects, team officials, and civic leaders. He grounds his analysis in case studies of Oriole Park at Camden Yards in Baltimore; Fenway Park in Boston; Dodger Stadium in LosTrade ReviewFriedman (Univ. of Maryland, College Park) offers a valuable analysis of the relationship between major league baseball parks and spectators over the past 110 years, focusing on the "mallparks" that emerged in the late 20th century. * Choice *Table of ContentsCathedrals OF Consumption 1. Leading Off 2. Producing Consumption Space The Spatial Practices of Baseball Stadiums 3. Grounds, Ballparks, and Superstadiums 4. The Spatial Practices of the Mallpark Conceiving Mallparks 5. Camden Yards: Forever Changing Baseball 6. Fenway Park and Dodger Stadium: The Camdenization of a Ballpark and a Superstadium 7. Nationals Park: A Mallpark of Magnificent Intentions 8. Target Field: Different in the Same Way The Future of Baseball Stadium Design 9. Truist Park: Supercharging the Mallpark 10. Making Baseball Great Again

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Book SynopsisA Global Idea outlines how youthas shown by the Arab Spring uprisings and subsequent state responsesbecame a prominent social and political category during the first two decades of the twenty-first century in the Middle East. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interview data, and textual analysis, Mayssoun Sukarieh explains that the spread of youth as an important category is linked to the operation of a global youth development complex, a diverse transnational network of state, private sector, civil society, and international development aid organizations that worked through key urban areas such as Washington, DC, Amman, and Dubai. In its analysis of the arrival, extension, and embedding of the youth development complex in the Middle East during this period, A Global Idea addresses a broader question that is of global and not just regional concern. How are certain ideas that are central to the working and reproduction of global capitalism able to travel

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Book SynopsisA Global Idea outlines how youthas shown by the Arab Spring uprisings and subsequent state responsesbecame a prominent social and political category during the first two decades of the twenty-first century in the Middle East. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interview data, and textual analysis, Mayssoun Sukarieh explains that the spread of youth as an important category is linked to the operation of a global youth development complex, a diverse transnational network of state, private sector, civil society, and international development aid organizations that worked through key urban areas such as Washington, DC, Amman, and Dubai. In its analysis of the arrival, extension, and embedding of the youth development complex in the Middle East during this period, A Global Idea addresses a broader question that is of global and not just regional concern. How are certain ideas that are central to the working and reproduction of global capitalism able to travel

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Book SynopsisFrom the shaping of new homelands in the Cherokee Nation to the export of sand from Cambodia to shore up urban expansion in Singapore, The Social Lives of Land reveals the dynamics of contemporary social and political change. The editors of this volume bring together contributions from across multiple disciplines and geographic locations. The contributions showcase novel theoretical and empirical insights, analyzing how people are living on, with, and from their land. From Mozambique to India, Indonesia, Ecuador, and the colonial United States, the scholars in this collection uncover histories and retell stories with a focus on the lived experiences of rural and urban land dispossession and repossession.Contributors: Kati Álvarez, Clint Carroll, Flora Lu, Richard Mbunda, Gregg Mitman, Paul Nadasdy, Robert Nichols, Andrew Ofstehage, Laura Schoenberger, Kirsteen Shields, Emmanuel Sulle, Erik Swyngedouw, Gabriela Valdivia, Katherine Verdery, Ca

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Book SynopsisBeirut is a city divided. Following the Green Line of the civil war, dividing the Christian east and the Muslim west, today hundreds of such lines dissect the city. For the residents of Beirut, urban planning could hold promise: a new spatial order could bring a peaceful future. But with unclear state structures and outsourced public processes, urban planning has instead become a contest between religious-political organizations and profit-seeking developers. Neighborhoods reproduce poverty, displacement, and urban violence. For the War Yet to Come examines urban planning in three neighborhoods of Beirut's southeastern peripheries, revealing how these areas have been developed into frontiers of a continuing sectarian order. Hiba Bou Akar argues these neighborhoods are arranged, not in the expectation of a bright future, but according to the logic of "the war yet to come": urban planning plays on fears and differences, rumors of war, and paramilitary strategies to organize everyday life. As she shows, war in times of peace is not fought with tanks, artillery, and rifles, but involves a more mundane territorial contest for land and apartment sales, zoning and planning regulations, and infrastructure projects.Trade Review"Once in a while, a book comes along that makes a field of inquiry reconsider its assumptions, categories, and vocabularies. Through elegant ethnography and nuanced theorization, Hiba Bou Akar's For the War Yet to Come gives us a new way of thinking about violence, development, modernity, and ultimately, the city. This city is not just Beirut but rather urban life everywhere." -- Ananya Roy * University of California, Los Angeles *"For the War Yet to Come upends our conventional notions of center and periphery, of local and transnational, even of war and peace. It takes courage and smarts to navigate these spaces, let alone to write about them. With daring and precision, Hiba Bou Akar proves herself to be a complete master." -- AbdouMaliq Simone * Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity *"How do you plan cities when the specter of war is always present? Hiba Bou Akar places 'planning' on its head to show how Beirut has developed to serve a sectarian order. Fascinating, theoretically astute, and empirically rich, For the War Yet to Come enriches our understanding of fragile cities in the Middle East and beyond." -- Asef Bayat, University of Illinois * Urbana-Champaign *"For the War Yet to Come is a feminist and postcolonial critique of a masculinized geography of urban militarism that favors the spectacular and the sublime. This vision of the city at war is blindingly technological and curiously devoid of people, as if seen from above (perhaps from a fighter jet). Bou Akar's Beirut is peopled, swirling with rumor. It is the site not of anonymized destruction but of calculated and complex construction." -- Emma Shaw Crane * Public Books *"Bou Akar is able to assess how years of sectarian warfare and conflict have turned Beirut into an arena for competing religious/political parties and groups to seize footholds and influence in the city. [Her] in-depth analysis reveals a painful reality: Beirut's urban planning reflects Lebanon's political factions' acceptance of the inevitable continuation of sectarian violence and human displacement." -- Refael Kubersky * Middle East Journal *"Hiba Bou Akar's For the War Yet to Come is an important contribution, shedding light on urban planning in unstable contexts....I highly recommend this book to readers interested in further understanding how urban planning could be viewed as a sword with two edges, for consensus or conflict building." -- Christine Mady * International Journal of Middle East Studies *"Hiba Bou Akar convincingly reveals the considerable weight of the anticipation of war and violence in the production of urban geographies in one emblematic contested city, Beirut. She names this phenomenon 'the war yet to come.' The mechanisms she skillfully describes are profoundly anchored in the urban dynamics of this city but could also be easily found in other cities....an enormous effort that succeeds in describing how fear of 'the war yet to come' is profoundly affecting urban and territorial dynamics in the contested suburbs of Beirut." -- Oula Aoun * H-Nationalism *"For the War Yet to Come is an incredibly brave book. It would have required enormous courage, fortitude, inventiveness and discipline in order to engage the sites and actors of this book—municipal officials, street-level bureaucrats, bankers, housing developers, landowners, draughtsmen in public and private planning agencies, police officers, militiamen, religious charity workers and even asphalt company employees. Instead of being overwhelmed with rumours, impressions and partial understandings, the book resounds with confidence and clarity." -- AbdouMaliq Simon * Urbanisation *"In the literature on urban development, Beirut takes on symbolic significance as a prefigurement for cities where political difference is assumed to be primordial and inherent. In contrast to this assumption, Bou Akar's focus on 'everyday sectarianism,' located in 'zones of awkward engagement' between people, and between people and place, has shown sectarianism to be spatially and temporally produced and contingent." -- Hannah Sender * Environment & Urbanization *"[With] the theoretically astute concept of 'the war yet to come'....Bou Akar masterfully weaves a spatial and temporal logic together to demonstrate how these territorial contestations are both a reconfiguration of past violence and a patchwork of destruction, construction, lavishness and poverty, otherness and marginality." -- Mona Atia * Society and Space *"[A] beautifully written book....In an almost forensically meticulous manner, Bou Akar shows us the tangible connections between territoriality, geopolitics and everyday urban life." -- Sara Fregonese * Society and Space *"Bou Akar deftly moves across transnational, national, city-wide, and neighborhood spaces, while remaining sharply attuned to the complex temporalities of 'urban warscapes'....in Beirut, as Bou Akar vividly shows, urban strategy is far from unitary and coherent." -- Federico Pérez * Society and Space *"Bou Akar's work is a fascinating study of how planning is discussed and practiced in contexts of conflict. Furthermore, her analysis provides a compelling example of the way that contestations over identity have important spatial dimensions.This book is vital reading not only for anyone who wants to better understand sectarian politics in Lebanon but also for anyone interested in the interplay of conflict and planning in urban spaces across the region and the globe." -- Matthew DeMaio * Anthropological Quarterly *"For the War Yet to Come makes an important contribution to urban studies, to be sure. Moreover, while the book is in strong dialogue with the already rich scholarship of planning and politics in Lebanon, its insights apply more broadly to contexts of urban political conflict well beyond Beirut and the Arab world" -- Alice Stefanelli * PoLAR *"Bou Akar makes an essential contribution to the urban studies and planning fields....Her analysis of Beirut's planning political economy is fascinating and insightful." -- Gerardo Francisco Sandoval * Journal of Architectural Education *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsPrologue: War in Times of Peace chapter abstractThe Prologue offers a theorization of the spatial and temporal logics of the war yet to come through which Beirut's south and southeastern peripheries are governed and regulated. It locates these peripheries spatially in the city, and provides an overview of how these peripheries, in times of peace, have been transformed into frontiers of urban growth and sectarian violence largely through the spatial practices of religious-political organizations, mostly former civil war militias and the major political players in post–civil war Lebanon. These organizations include the Shiite Hezbollah, the Sunni Future Movement, the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), and the Christian Maronite Church. Chapter 1: Constructing Sectarian Geographies chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the discourses through which sectarian geographies are constructed in Beirut's peripheries. It discusses how commonly used terms like environment (bīa in Arabic) and demography can be used to depoliticize spatial policies and practices of segregation, discrimination, and fear by relegating them from realm of the political to the realm of the natural and scientific. Through an overview of the study's approach, which included patching stories and maps together with real-time data collection, this chapter engages with the methodological question of conducting research in contested spaces and violent geographies. This chapter also situates the book within the interdisciplinary fields of urban and planning studies, Middle Eastern studies, and studies on conflict urbanism and militarization. It also explains the three research sites, and theorizes the ways in which they, together, contribute to an understanding of the geographies and temporalities of the war yet to come in contested spaces. Chapter 2: The Doubleness of Ruins chapter abstractThis chapter examines the still visible, expansive geography of war-scarred ruins left by the civil war in Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail, by examining the transformation of these geographies of ruins within the unfolding sectarian-political spatial conflict. The doubleness of ruins arises from their being products of both a past civil war and a present territorial war that is not so different from the civil war but that uses different tools. Through this exploration, the chapter shows how the Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail neighborhoods have become one of the major contested frontiers, one where the Christians (through the Maronite Church) and the Shiites (through Hezbollah-affiliated real estate developers) are struggling over land locally and through global networks of finance, fundraising, and religious allegiances, and where this struggle is transforming Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail into a sectarian frontier in times of peace. Chapter 3: The Lacework of Zoning chapter abstractThis chapter traces how urban planning and zoning technologies have become technologies of warfare in times of peace, transforming Sahra Choueifat, a southeastern periphery of Beirut, into a deadly frontier of contestation and violence. The territorial battle of Hezbollah and the PSP over the area through zoning policies and real estate and housing markets is resulting in what this chapter calls the lacework of zoning. This low-income periphery is now a patchwork of apartment buildings that are in the vicinity of industries that are next to one of the most active urban agricultural areas around Beirut, with severe repercussions on the everyday life of area residents. The chapter describes how areas known to be Hezbollah's spaces in Beirut are in fact produced by the continuities and discontinuities of neoliberal practices with practices of religious affiliation, sectarian constructions, service provision, resistance ideologies, and militarization. Chapter 4: A Ballooning Frontier chapter abstractThis chapter shows how access to development sites and individual project characteristics are resulting in the simultaneous (and competitive) ballooning of Shiite al-Dahiya and the city core (primarily Sunni west Beirut) toward Doha Aramoun, a periphery that emerged as a violent frontier in the May 2008 sectarian violence. Ballooning takes place on a variety of scales, from constructing more floors than initially permitted in a building to working behind the scenes with government agencies or religious-political organizations to bypass market mechanisms to using international aid to build infrastructure that enables the extension of sectarian patterns of urbanization. Thus, in Doha Aramoun, large-scale, nationally sanctioned building and planning projects have combined with the building-by-building efforts of Hezbollah-affiliated developers to transform a formerly marginal periphery into a prime new site for sectarian violence. In these territorial battles, minority religious groups become brokers between dominant religious groups. Chapter 5: Planning without Development chapter abstractThis chapter describes the genealogy of the sectarian order in Lebanon and how it came to be understood and practiced spatially. This genealogy is constructed by tracing the debates and discourses that circulated among experts in the fields of development and urban planning since the 1950s, soon after the establishment of the Lebanese post-colonial nation state. The chapter shows how, over time, urban planning was voided of its development discourses, and transformed through militias' and religious-political organizations' interventions into a collection of "innovative" exercises aimed at balancing the spatiality of a sectarian order. It illustrates how these shifts in logic coincided with global moments of anxiety around Communism, and later, political Islam, ultimately ushering in the spatial and temporal logics of the wars yet to come. It closes with a discussion on how planning experts have become the technicians of this logic. Epilogue: Contested Futures chapter abstractThis closing discussion of contested futures shows how the geographies and temporalities of the war yet to come are often dystopic, foreclosing the possibilities of urban politics and social change outside the sociopolitical order of political difference. At the same time, it shows that hope for change lies in the continuously shifting and contested spatialities of the sectarian order. It also explains this study's relevance beyond Beirut, discussing the implications of the findings for urban studies research in cities across the Global South and Global North. By contending that the urban futures of all cities are being contested, this chapter argues that while the logic of anticipated wars is particular to cities like Beirut, many other cities are governed, regulated, and contested by the logics of conflicts that are yet to come, driven by terror, gun violence, and climate change.

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Book SynopsisSan Francisco has always had an affordable housing problem. Starting in the aftermath of the 1906 earthquake and ending with the dot-com boom, Housing the City by the Bay considers the history of one proposed answer to the city's ongoing housing crisis: public housing. John Baranski follows the ebbs and flows of San Francisco's public housing program: the Progressive Era and New Deal reforms that led to the creation of the San Francisco Housing Authority in 1938, conflicts over urban renewal and desegregation, and the federal and local efforts to privatize government housing at the turn of the twenty-first century. This history of public housing sheds light on changing attitudes towards liberalism, the welfare state, and the economic and civil rights attached to citizenship. Baranski details the ways San Francisco residents turned to the public housing program to build class-based political movements in a multi-racial city and introduces us to the individuals—community activists, politicians, reformers, and city employees—who were continually forced to seek new strategies to achieve their aims as the winds of federal legislation shifted. Ultimately, Housing the City by the Bay advances the idea that public housing remains a vital part of the social and political landscape, intimately connected to the struggle for economic rights in urban America.Trade Review"Housing the City by the Bay takes a deeper look at the twentieth-century history of housing—first, the failures of private markets to meet the needs of working people, and then the New Deal intervention in the wake of the Depression, catalyzing a broad expansion of public housing. Combining the half century rise and fall of public housing with the unprecedented inflation of housing prices engendered by the Bay Area tech boom at the dawn of the twenty-first century, John Baranski reveals a Bay Area riven by sharp class divisions, and disarmed before the tidal wave of private interests determined to undermine any efforts to reclaim the basic human right to decent, inexpensive, high quality shelter." -- Chris Carlsson * Co-Director of Shaping San Francisco *"Housing the City by the Bay makes an original contribution to U.S. national political history and California social and urban history. John Baranski provides a sophisticated analysis of the complex ways that housing policy relates to the century long debate between liberals and their critics over how to define and implement citizenship rights." -- Bill Issel * San Francisco State University *"John Baranski's scholarship devastates the 'There Is No Alternative' myth when it comes to for-profit housing and the built environment. Through meticulous research and sharp historical grounding, he shows us the paths that led to the national housing crisis. Housing the City By the Bay lays bare the race and class antagonisms in a liberal city such as San Francisco. It serves as a cautionary tale and a call to action, and makes a monumental contribution to the national discussion around housing and neighborhoods." -- James Tracy * author of Dispatches Against Displacement: Field Notes from San Francisco's Housing Wars *"Anyone wishing to understand the conjoined crises of astronomical housing costs and the legions of homeless in San Francisco must read John Baranski's book, for it gives essential context usually absent from the everyday barbarism now manifest on that city's streets. Baranski reveals a century-long tug-of-war between advocates of housing as a human right and victorious champions of the marketplace. San Francisco's story is that of every American city, only more so." -- Gray Brechin * author of Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin *"[Housing the City by the Bay] adds an important contribution to the debate over public housing....Baranski does an amazing job of documenting this history in San Francisco." -- Pablo Gonzales * Journal of American Ethnic History *"[Housing the City by the Bay] is an excellent addition to the growing literature on the history of public housing in the United States. John Baranski is especially adept at connecting San Francisco's public housing history to national political history." -- Joseph A. Rodriguez * Pacific Historical Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction presents an overview of the book. The introduction focuses on some of the book's main questions about what public housing meant for San Francisco residents and presents the book's major themes, concepts, and arguments. There is also a discussion about how the book contributes to some of the more important historical themes of urban and welfare state history in the twentieth century. The introduction presents an analysis of liberalism as it relates to public housing, the welfare state, and the economic and civil rights of citizens and suggests ways for the reader to start thinking about these larger issues before moving into the narrative of the book. 1Progressive Era Housing Reform chapter abstractThe first chapter describes the city's working-class neighborhoods that are considered for housing reform during the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter also places the city's reform community—its members, knowledge production, and policy visions—within a larger community of housing reformers in the Atlantic World interested in the labor question. Prompted by the social problems generated by industrial capitalism and urbanization, reformers began to rethink how urban housing and planning was done. Breaking from classical liberal economic ideas, transatlantic reformers proposed an expanded role for all levels of government in the economy. As was common in other parts of the world, San Francisco's housing reformers also used a combination of social science research and moral suasion to pass government building codes and zoning laws. They failed in their attempt to create public housing in part because they failed to inspire the city's workers and tenants. 2The San Francisco Housing Authority and the New Deal chapter abstractt examines the influence of the Great Depression and the New Deal on San Francisco's housing and job needs and how federal housing officials drew on popular movements, four decades of social reforms, and a change in liberalism to guide the expansion of government housing policies. The 1937 United States Housing Act, along with expanded state legislation, permitted San Francisco's residents, including nonwhites, to participate in the creation of the San Francisco Housing Authority (SFHA), which in turn allowed them to build government housing and provide jobs. The SFHA was not a democratic agency or free of racism, but its policies were more inclusive than pre–New Deal housing reform efforts and more responsive to the general welfare than private landlords. From the discussions of the SFHA purpose, the city's residents began to think in new ways about housing, civil and economic rights, and liberalism. 3Public Housing, Race, and Conflicting Visions of Democracy and the State chapter abstractThe chapter examines the war years when the SFHA housing program expanded not only its housing stock, but also its social services at its projects. Urban planners, housing reformers, and labor unions across California began promoting a larger role for public housing authorities in local and regional economic development, achieving full employment, and in expanding economic rights for citizens. The 1948 United Nations General Assembly declaration on civil and economic rights and the 1949 United States Housing Act reflected the growing discussions around these ideas, although in the United States, postwar affluence, the real estate lobby, and the red scare dashed support for enlarging federal public housing and the welfare state. Along with these developments, the chapter follows the growing civil rights movement and how it targeted public housing for integration and ending racial discrimination. 4Prosperity, Development, and Institutional Racism in the Cold War chapter abstractThe chapter outlines the city's housing and neighborhoods most affected by wartime demographic changes and by the tenant selection of private landlords and SFHA staff. The chapter focuses on the ways civil rights activism and the Cold War influenced the SFHA program. Civil rights activists forced the SFHA to desegregate its housing, and the civil rights struggles illustrated the ways housing intersected with economic rights and identity formation. The politically chilling Cold War climate also led many housing officials, like many New Deal liberals, to abandon the idea of expanding government programs to ensure employment and housing, and this shift came at a time when private redevelopment projects became a priority at the federal and local level. The quality of some public housing in San Francisco began to deteriorate in the 1950s, contributing to tenant organizing and activism in the following decades. 5Something to Help Themselves chapter abstractThe chapter examines how the shortages of good jobs and housing and racial discrimination provided fertile ground for tenant mobilization. Taking the idea of participatory policymaking to heart, public housing tenants organized tenant unions at the project and city level. SFHA policies continued to demonstrate how the power built on race, class, and gender privileges stymied participatory policymaking as SFHA tenant attempts to participate in SFHA achieved mixed results. Tenants and allied civic organizations fought federal cuts to government housing and urban renewal projects. Tenant activities sometimes spilled over into surrounding communities as renters in private housing joined hands with public housing tenants in a variety of campaigns. Significantly, this part of the book deepens our understanding of the traditional narrative of the 60s by including the social activism of tenants and challenging the stereotype of public housing tenants as part of an urban underclass. 6Out of Step with Washington chapter abstractThe chapter focuses on how tenants tried to expand their rights through the SFHA and other public agencies. Tenant leaders, who were primarily women, drew on the resources of the SFHA and other public institutions to nurture their tenant organizing. The city's tenants organized for more public housing, useful jobs, and social services. For a short time, tenants even demanded control of public housing funds and SFHA policymaking. Although their desire to fully democratize their housing met opposition, tenant efforts resulted in reforms that made policymaking more inclusive. Their growing influence came at a time when the SFHA program, like many social welfare programs, suffered from federal budget cuts. Federal housing policies began to move away from funding government homes to private sector solutions, and this shift hurt the quality and scope of the city's public housing and tenant organizing. 7All Housing Is Public chapter abstractThe chapter highlights tenant responses to federal cuts in social programs, another wave of urban redevelopment, and rising housing costs. To SFHA tenants, government housing continued to offer not just housing but a host of programs aimed at ensuring a degree of economic security. That housing and those programs allowed tenants to maintain a sense of community. But non-SFHA tenants also turned to the government program in their struggle for housing security. In these ways, the SFHA continued its role in the daily lives of the city's residents. The SFHA's declining resources aligned with the rise of the New Right and the power of neoliberalism to cut federal housing funds further. Tenants continued their struggles over housing. Not everything was oriented around struggle. Public housing tenants expressed their creativity and identity through art and community projects, thus reinforcing their identities through culture, place, and struggle. 8Privatizing the Public in the Dot-Com Era chapter abstractThis chapter examines how demand for housing, cuts to the SFHA program, and federal legislation influenced the direction of housing trends in the city. As housing costs soared, landlords skirted tenant rights and evictions rose; many residents unable to keep or secure housing joined the homeless population or left the city. Some residents resisted and fought for housing rights in an era of gentrification. This housing crisis was not unique to San Francisco. Across the country, tenants were squeezed out of neighborhoods as wages failed to keep up with urban housing costs. Housing legislation continued to shift resources and support to private sector housing solutions rather than public housing. By the twenty-first century, the SFHA was losing its place as the largest affordable housing landlord in the city. Conclusion chapter abstractThe conclusion highlights the key points and themes of San Francisco's housing history and connects those insights to a national and international affordable housing shortage and income, wealth, and racial inequality. The conclusion also proposes recommendations for thinking about public housing as a program that could be used once again to expand the civil and economic rights of citizens and engage residents in the political process. The history of public housing in San Francisco offers insights into how to approach contemporary housing reforms and social movements.

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Book SynopsisFollowing the recent global housing boom, tract housing development became a billion-dollar industry in Mexico. At the national level, neoliberal housing policy has overtaken debates around land reform. For Indigenous peoples, access to affordable housing remains crucial to alleviating poverty. But as palapas, traditional thatch and wood houses, are replaced by tract houses in the Yucatán Peninsula, Indigenous peoples' relationship to land, urbanism, and finance is similarly transformed, revealing a legacy of debt and dispossession. Indigenous Dispossession examines how Maya families grapple with the ramifications of neoliberal housing policies. M. Bianet Castellanos relates Maya migrants' experiences with housing and mortgage finance in Cancún, one of Mexico's fastest-growing cities. Their struggle to own homes reveals colonial and settler colonial structures that underpin the city's economy, built environment, and racial order. But even as Maya people contend with predatory lending practices and foreclosure, they cultivate strategies of resistance—from "waiting out" the state, to demanding Indigenous rights in urban centers. As Castellanos argues, it is through these maneuvers that Maya migrants forge a new vision of Indigenous urbanism.Trade Review"Drawing on her long-term collaboration with indigenous people, M. Bianet Castellanos eloquently critiques the dispossession of Maya in Cancún and illuminates their resistance. Her passion for revealing and dismantling the racial and gender hierarchies embedded in neoliberal projects is compelling. A nuanced contribution to our understanding of settler colonialism." -- Patricia Zavella * University of California, Santa Cruz, author of The Movement for Reproductive Justice: Empowering Women of Color through Social Activism *"In this compelling and timely work, M. Bianet Castellanos has given us a powerful indictment of neoliberalism's perpetuation of the settler project of Indigenous dispossession. She also effectively demonstrates how Indigenous peoples develop strategies of resistance to new technologies of domination like racialized debt, and in the process craft new forms of urban Indigeneity." -- Shannon Speed * University of California, Los Angeles *"A fascinating and highly readable study of how Indigenous Maya experience twenty-first-century rounds of dispossession and esclavitud—this time born of debt tied to housing financing. Focusing upon mortgage-based access to social interest housing in modern-day Cancún, M. Bianet Castellanos' account foregrounds Indigenous voices as they struggle to become homeowners." -- Peter M. Ward * University of Texas at Austin *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Indigenous Cancún chapter abstractThe central argument of this book is that as Indigenous migrants move to cities, they are no longer treated as Indigenous and instead become deracialized subjects who are disciplined through neoliberal instruments of debt, like mortgage finance and credit cards, leading to greater economic precarity and a loss of autonomy from the state. Through an ethnography of Maya migrants living in Cancún, one of Mexico's fastest growing cities, I show that Maya migrants' struggles to own a home reveal the colonial and settler colonial structures underpinning the city's economy, built environment, and racial order. As they grapple with predatory lending and foreclosure, Maya families cultivate strategies of resistance, from "waiting out" the state to demanding recognition as Indigenous peoples in urban centers. Through these maneuvers, Maya migrants forge a new vision of Indigenous urbanism that counters a discourse of urban malaise and articulates dignity with democracy. 1Before Housing Reform: The Gendering of Urban Property chapter abstractChapter one maps out the history of land policies in Cancún and how they have been shaped by ideologies of family, gender, and citizenship. By excluding migrants who were unmarried and childless from affordable housing and land programs, the state defined citizenship narrowly and encouraged migrants to embrace the nuclear family if they wished to become citizens of this new urban space. In response, Maya women mobilized their status as wives and mothers to lobby for land. 2Promoting Housing Reform: Debt as Patrimony chapter abstractChapter two examines the transformation of Mexico's land distribution policies and property rights through a discursive analysis of the ideologies central to government campaigns promoting "dignified" housing. Analyzing news articles, government campaign documents, and one Maya family's response to these campaigns, I examine the narrative devices and rhetorical strategies used to make housing attractive and to align debt with national ideals. The language of patrimony and suburban domesticity is intended to soften the retreat of the state from land redistribution, and makes palatable and desirable the process of going into debt on a much larger scale than previously possible. 3After Housing Reform: Credit as the New Frontier chapter abstractChapter three analyzes Indigenous migrants' willingness to take on debt. Prior to 2000, Maya aspired to own, but without debt. Homeownership has increased Maya migrants access to credit, making them the "new frontier" of capitalism. But it has concomitantly increased their economic risk. It considers how credit and risk take on a gendered and "moral valence." For male migrants, going into debt to purchase a home is a risky venture that ignores lessons learned from Indigenous experiences with debt servitude. Yet for female migrants, owning a concrete block home has become a sign of progress and security from natural disasters. To tease out this moral, cultural, and gendered dilemma, I examine migrants' experiences with microfinance and credit cards. 4Foreclosure: Waiting Out the State chapter abstractChapter four centers on one Maya family's experience with foreclosure. How do Indigenous peoples cope with this loss and how does it (re)structure their attachments to place, land and nation? Even as housing reform becomes a form of discipline to produce new types of citizens and construct new narratives of progress, debt delinquency, and insecurity, I show how migrants' resistance strategies, from foot dragging to legal suits to postponing foreclosure, are transformed into a process of "waiting out" the state and capital. In so doing, Maya migrants sidestep the bureaucratic measures created to regulate the poor and convert consent into provocative acts of obstruction and defiance. 5Eviction: Invoking Indigenous Resistance chapter abstractChapter five examines the case of Maya migrants who reject social housing and instead opt to live in the squatter settlement of Colonia Mario Villanueva. Social housing, Maya migrants argue, entails great risk (due to mortgage debt) and is rife with social atomization. In contrast, life in Colonia Mario Villanueva is organized around the principles of Indigenous communal land practices. It is centered around the colonia's legal battle to avoid eviction, which was led by Maya women. These women relied on strategies of resistance derived from Indigenous land struggles. Colonias are perfect places to cultivate political subordination, but in the case of Mario Villanueva, they also become spaces of insubordination. Epilogue: A Cautionary Tale of Indebtedness chapter abstractThe book concludes by assessing how Indigenous migrants have fared under housing reform. Galvanized by the parallels between their ancestors' struggle with esclavitud and their own land and housing struggles, Maya migrants demand to be engaged as Indigenous and accorded the rights to land and self-determination. Migrants urge us to engage with a more expansive conception of territoriality, one that is not limited to the land boundaries of rural communities but is broad enough to recognize the peninsula's sacred Maya geography and to encompass Indigenous diasporas in urban centers. Through this articulation, they offer a more dynamic interpretation of Indigenous rights that aims to combat settler tactics of elimination through assimilation and dispossession. In so doing, Maya migrants are forging a new vision of Indigenous urbanism that moves beyond a colonial politics of recognition.

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Book SynopsisBeirut is a city divided. Following the Green Line of the civil war, dividing the Christian east and the Muslim west, today hundreds of such lines dissect the city. For the residents of Beirut, urban planning could hold promise: a new spatial order could bring a peaceful future. But with unclear state structures and outsourced public processes, urban planning has instead become a contest between religious-political organizations and profit-seeking developers. Neighborhoods reproduce poverty, displacement, and urban violence. For the War Yet to Come examines urban planning in three neighborhoods of Beirut's southeastern peripheries, revealing how these areas have been developed into frontiers of a continuing sectarian order. Hiba Bou Akar argues these neighborhoods are arranged, not in the expectation of a bright future, but according to the logic of "the war yet to come": urban planning plays on fears and differences, rumors of war, and paramilitary strategies to organize everyday life. As she shows, war in times of peace is not fought with tanks, artillery, and rifles, but involves a more mundane territorial contest for land and apartment sales, zoning and planning regulations, and infrastructure projects.Trade Review"Once in a while, a book comes along that makes a field of inquiry reconsider its assumptions, categories, and vocabularies. Through elegant ethnography and nuanced theorization, Hiba Bou Akar's For the War Yet to Come gives us a new way of thinking about violence, development, modernity, and ultimately, the city. This city is not just Beirut but rather urban life everywhere." -- Ananya Roy * University of California, Los Angeles *"For the War Yet to Come upends our conventional notions of center and periphery, of local and transnational, even of war and peace. It takes courage and smarts to navigate these spaces, let alone to write about them. With daring and precision, Hiba Bou Akar proves herself to be a complete master." -- AbdouMaliq Simone * Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity *"How do you plan cities when the specter of war is always present? Hiba Bou Akar places 'planning' on its head to show how Beirut has developed to serve a sectarian order. Fascinating, theoretically astute, and empirically rich, For the War Yet to Come enriches our understanding of fragile cities in the Middle East and beyond." -- Asef Bayat, University of Illinois * Urbana-Champaign *"For the War Yet to Come is a feminist and postcolonial critique of a masculinized geography of urban militarism that favors the spectacular and the sublime. This vision of the city at war is blindingly technological and curiously devoid of people, as if seen from above (perhaps from a fighter jet). Bou Akar's Beirut is peopled, swirling with rumor. It is the site not of anonymized destruction but of calculated and complex construction." -- Emma Shaw Crane * Public Books *"Bou Akar is able to assess how years of sectarian warfare and conflict have turned Beirut into an arena for competing religious/political parties and groups to seize footholds and influence in the city. [Her] in-depth analysis reveals a painful reality: Beirut's urban planning reflects Lebanon's political factions' acceptance of the inevitable continuation of sectarian violence and human displacement." -- Refael Kubersky * Middle East Journal *"Hiba Bou Akar's For the War Yet to Come is an important contribution, shedding light on urban planning in unstable contexts....I highly recommend this book to readers interested in further understanding how urban planning could be viewed as a sword with two edges, for consensus or conflict building." -- Christine Mady * International Journal of Middle East Studies *"Hiba Bou Akar convincingly reveals the considerable weight of the anticipation of war and violence in the production of urban geographies in one emblematic contested city, Beirut. She names this phenomenon 'the war yet to come.' The mechanisms she skillfully describes are profoundly anchored in the urban dynamics of this city but could also be easily found in other cities....an enormous effort that succeeds in describing how fear of 'the war yet to come' is profoundly affecting urban and territorial dynamics in the contested suburbs of Beirut." -- Oula Aoun * H-Nationalism *"For the War Yet to Come is an incredibly brave book. It would have required enormous courage, fortitude, inventiveness and discipline in order to engage the sites and actors of this book—municipal officials, street-level bureaucrats, bankers, housing developers, landowners, draughtsmen in public and private planning agencies, police officers, militiamen, religious charity workers and even asphalt company employees. Instead of being overwhelmed with rumours, impressions and partial understandings, the book resounds with confidence and clarity." -- AbdouMaliq Simon * Urbanisation *"In the literature on urban development, Beirut takes on symbolic significance as a prefigurement for cities where political difference is assumed to be primordial and inherent. In contrast to this assumption, Bou Akar's focus on 'everyday sectarianism,' located in 'zones of awkward engagement' between people, and between people and place, has shown sectarianism to be spatially and temporally produced and contingent." -- Hannah Sender * Environment & Urbanization *"[With] the theoretically astute concept of 'the war yet to come'....Bou Akar masterfully weaves a spatial and temporal logic together to demonstrate how these territorial contestations are both a reconfiguration of past violence and a patchwork of destruction, construction, lavishness and poverty, otherness and marginality." -- Mona Atia * Society and Space *"[A] beautifully written book....In an almost forensically meticulous manner, Bou Akar shows us the tangible connections between territoriality, geopolitics and everyday urban life." -- Sara Fregonese * Society and Space *"Bou Akar deftly moves across transnational, national, city-wide, and neighborhood spaces, while remaining sharply attuned to the complex temporalities of 'urban warscapes'....in Beirut, as Bou Akar vividly shows, urban strategy is far from unitary and coherent." -- Federico Pérez * Society and Space *"Bou Akar's work is a fascinating study of how planning is discussed and practiced in contexts of conflict. Furthermore, her analysis provides a compelling example of the way that contestations over identity have important spatial dimensions.This book is vital reading not only for anyone who wants to better understand sectarian politics in Lebanon but also for anyone interested in the interplay of conflict and planning in urban spaces across the region and the globe." -- Matthew DeMaio * Anthropological Quarterly *"For the War Yet to Come makes an important contribution to urban studies, to be sure. Moreover, while the book is in strong dialogue with the already rich scholarship of planning and politics in Lebanon, its insights apply more broadly to contexts of urban political conflict well beyond Beirut and the Arab world" -- Alice Stefanelli * PoLAR *"Bou Akar makes an essential contribution to the urban studies and planning fields....Her analysis of Beirut's planning political economy is fascinating and insightful." -- Gerardo Francisco Sandoval * Journal of Architectural Education *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsPrologue: War in Times of Peace chapter abstractThe Prologue offers a theorization of the spatial and temporal logics of the war yet to come through which Beirut's south and southeastern peripheries are governed and regulated. It locates these peripheries spatially in the city, and provides an overview of how these peripheries, in times of peace, have been transformed into frontiers of urban growth and sectarian violence largely through the spatial practices of religious-political organizations, mostly former civil war militias and the major political players in post–civil war Lebanon. These organizations include the Shiite Hezbollah, the Sunni Future Movement, the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), and the Christian Maronite Church. Chapter 1: Constructing Sectarian Geographies chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the discourses through which sectarian geographies are constructed in Beirut's peripheries. It discusses how commonly used terms like environment (bīa in Arabic) and demography can be used to depoliticize spatial policies and practices of segregation, discrimination, and fear by relegating them from realm of the political to the realm of the natural and scientific. Through an overview of the study's approach, which included patching stories and maps together with real-time data collection, this chapter engages with the methodological question of conducting research in contested spaces and violent geographies. This chapter also situates the book within the interdisciplinary fields of urban and planning studies, Middle Eastern studies, and studies on conflict urbanism and militarization. It also explains the three research sites, and theorizes the ways in which they, together, contribute to an understanding of the geographies and temporalities of the war yet to come in contested spaces. Chapter 2: The Doubleness of Ruins chapter abstractThis chapter examines the still visible, expansive geography of war-scarred ruins left by the civil war in Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail, by examining the transformation of these geographies of ruins within the unfolding sectarian-political spatial conflict. The doubleness of ruins arises from their being products of both a past civil war and a present territorial war that is not so different from the civil war but that uses different tools. Through this exploration, the chapter shows how the Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail neighborhoods have become one of the major contested frontiers, one where the Christians (through the Maronite Church) and the Shiites (through Hezbollah-affiliated real estate developers) are struggling over land locally and through global networks of finance, fundraising, and religious allegiances, and where this struggle is transforming Hayy Madi/Mar Mikhail into a sectarian frontier in times of peace. Chapter 3: The Lacework of Zoning chapter abstractThis chapter traces how urban planning and zoning technologies have become technologies of warfare in times of peace, transforming Sahra Choueifat, a southeastern periphery of Beirut, into a deadly frontier of contestation and violence. The territorial battle of Hezbollah and the PSP over the area through zoning policies and real estate and housing markets is resulting in what this chapter calls the lacework of zoning. This low-income periphery is now a patchwork of apartment buildings that are in the vicinity of industries that are next to one of the most active urban agricultural areas around Beirut, with severe repercussions on the everyday life of area residents. The chapter describes how areas known to be Hezbollah's spaces in Beirut are in fact produced by the continuities and discontinuities of neoliberal practices with practices of religious affiliation, sectarian constructions, service provision, resistance ideologies, and militarization. Chapter 4: A Ballooning Frontier chapter abstractThis chapter shows how access to development sites and individual project characteristics are resulting in the simultaneous (and competitive) ballooning of Shiite al-Dahiya and the city core (primarily Sunni west Beirut) toward Doha Aramoun, a periphery that emerged as a violent frontier in the May 2008 sectarian violence. Ballooning takes place on a variety of scales, from constructing more floors than initially permitted in a building to working behind the scenes with government agencies or religious-political organizations to bypass market mechanisms to using international aid to build infrastructure that enables the extension of sectarian patterns of urbanization. Thus, in Doha Aramoun, large-scale, nationally sanctioned building and planning projects have combined with the building-by-building efforts of Hezbollah-affiliated developers to transform a formerly marginal periphery into a prime new site for sectarian violence. In these territorial battles, minority religious groups become brokers between dominant religious groups. Chapter 5: Planning without Development chapter abstractThis chapter describes the genealogy of the sectarian order in Lebanon and how it came to be understood and practiced spatially. This genealogy is constructed by tracing the debates and discourses that circulated among experts in the fields of development and urban planning since the 1950s, soon after the establishment of the Lebanese post-colonial nation state. The chapter shows how, over time, urban planning was voided of its development discourses, and transformed through militias' and religious-political organizations' interventions into a collection of "innovative" exercises aimed at balancing the spatiality of a sectarian order. It illustrates how these shifts in logic coincided with global moments of anxiety around Communism, and later, political Islam, ultimately ushering in the spatial and temporal logics of the wars yet to come. It closes with a discussion on how planning experts have become the technicians of this logic. Epilogue: Contested Futures chapter abstractThis closing discussion of contested futures shows how the geographies and temporalities of the war yet to come are often dystopic, foreclosing the possibilities of urban politics and social change outside the sociopolitical order of political difference. At the same time, it shows that hope for change lies in the continuously shifting and contested spatialities of the sectarian order. It also explains this study's relevance beyond Beirut, discussing the implications of the findings for urban studies research in cities across the Global South and Global North. By contending that the urban futures of all cities are being contested, this chapter argues that while the logic of anticipated wars is particular to cities like Beirut, many other cities are governed, regulated, and contested by the logics of conflicts that are yet to come, driven by terror, gun violence, and climate change.

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Book SynopsisApproximately 2.4 million Black youth participate in after-school programs, which offer a range of support, including academic tutoring, college preparation, political identity development, cultural and emotional support, and even a space to develop strategies and tools for organizing and activism. In Reclaiming Community, Bianca Baldridge tells the story of one such community-based program, Educational Excellence (EE), shining a light on both the invaluable role youth workers play in these spaces, and the precarious context in which such programs now exist. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, Baldridge persuasively argues that the story of EE is representative of a much larger and understudied phenomenon. With the spread of neoliberal ideology and its reliance on racism—marked by individualism, market competition, and privatization—these bastions of community support are losing the autonomy that has allowed them to embolden the minds of the youth they serve. Baldridge captures the stories of loss and resistance within this context of immense external political pressure, arguing powerfully for the damage caused when the same structural violence that Black youth experience in school, starts to occur in the places they go to escape it.Trade Review"A compelling analysis of community-based youth service programs and how their ability to respond to community needs has been impaired by the narrow 'reform' agenda sweeping the country. Baldridge is a keen observer and her insights will help parents, educators, and activists in other communities understand why their work may not be supported by powerful elites, and what they can do about it." -- Pedro A. Noguera, Distinguished Professor of Education * UCLA Graduate School of Education & Information Studies *"The movement across America to adopt a Wall Street-like focus on 'return on investments' (ROI) to measure the impact of after-school programs is a big mistake. Bianca Baldridge offers a brilliant and timely alternative to metric-driven services; her research provides a refreshing and illuminating vision of how those who support youth of color can create more holistic alternatives to youth programming." -- Shawn Ginwright, Professor of Education and African American Studies * San Francisco State University *"Baldridge's powerful and sophisticated work urges us to continue to focus on theorizing the relationship between community-based youth work and schooling. Reclaiming Community is an urgent read for educational organizers and leaders, education scholars from all disciplines, social movement scholars, and organization scholars." -- Ranita Ray * American Journal of Sociology *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Community-Based Youth Work in Uncertain Times chapter abstractChapter 1 introduces readers to Educational Excellence, its history, mission, triumphs, and challenges. Major themes of the book, its goals, the research methodology, and its significance to sociology of education are presented. The story of the organization is discussed within a broader theoretical discussion of market-driven education reform, race, and paternalism to (1) explore the dialectical relationship between community-based spaces and schools and (2) to explore how political imaginings of race and youth shape and inform the construction of community-based educational spaces engaging Black and other minoritized youth. 2"The EE Family:" Framing Race, Youth, and Educational Possibilities chapter abstractChapter 2 describes the history of Educational Excellence and its transformation from a strict after-school academic program steeped in deficit rhetoric to a comprehensive program that includes emotional and social support as well as political education. This chapter discusses the competing framing (asset-based versus deficit) of Black youth among the organization's founder, board members, and current and new staff members in the program and the struggle to reimagine Black youth beyond deficit narratives rampant in the youth development and nonprofit funding world. This chapter discusses how neoliberal restructuring affects the neighborhood Educational Excellence calls home and the schooling experiences of youth in the program. This chapter examines how youth workers become critical advocates and intercessors on behalf of students, assisting them in navigating difficult school, family, cultural, and social barriers. 3"We're Not Saving Anybody:" Refusing Deficit Narratives chapter abstractThis chapter examines how Black youth within after-school support spaces are often framed politically as "broken" and in need of "fixing." This chapter highlights the voices of youth workers as they navigate community-based educational youth work in a national education climate and with new organizational leadership marked by education reform and therefore pressure to frame Black youth from a deficit perspective to compete for funding opportunities, political praise, and public recognition. This chapter describes how the common trend toward deficit framing is linked to the current neoliberal education market, which incentivizes community-based educational spaces to frame marginalized youth as socially, culturally, and intellectually deficient in order to successfully compete with charter schools for funding. 4"Expanding EE's Footprint": Navigating Organizational Change chapter abstractChapter 4 discusses the growing racial, class, and gender tensions between the organization's founder, executive leadership, and Educational Excellence's board members. This chapter examines the changing nature of leadership in the organization and its impact on the practices of youth workers, shifting priorities of the program, and the overall culture of the program. Rapid growth and increase in the number of youth "served" by Educational Excellence became the new language and mode of operation for the organization. Under these new logics, racial and economic discourse about Black youth and educational opportunity within the organization began to drastically disrupt life at Educational Excellence. This chapter discusses how Educational Excellence expanded into another neighborhood without the proper infrastructure, which shifted the organization in an entirely different direction—one that led to damaged relationships and altered the reputation of the organization. 5"The Family Is Dead": Corporatizing After-School chapter abstractAfter a mass exodus of staff members at Educational Excellence, this chapter discusses how remaining youth workers strive to maintain strong and relevant pedagogical practices, familial-like culture, and an asset-rich ideology of youth in a new climate where organizational leadership is primarily concerned with funding, expansion, and greater exposure for the organization—without regard for the consequences for staff or student morale. This chapter discusses the ways that the camaraderie and relationships established between youth workers served as an anchor for accountability in the program. With relationships in jeopardy, accountability for resisting racist and deficit language withered and neoliberal expansion flourished under new leadership. 6"It Was Never Ours": Race and the Politics of Control chapter abstractChapter 6 examines the external pull factors (broader political and economic forces shaping public education) and internal push factors (competing frames of race, control, and paternalism between staff, the founder, and new leadership) that led youth workers away from Educational Excellence. Youth workers share their process for leaving the organization, what they learned during their time in the program, and reflections on challenging and rewarding experiences. Chapter 6 investigates the persistence of racism and neoliberalism within the current era of education that is eroding liberatory community-based spaces engaging Black youth. Conclusion: Reclaiming Community-Based Youth Work in the Neoliberal Era chapter abstractThe conclusion summarizes major research findings and highlights the major triumphs, challenges, and changes the book documented. Within this chapter, the story of Educational Excellence is placed within a historical context of activism in Black communities. Through the lessons learned from Educational Excellence, a path is laid out for community-based leaders and educators of color to identify, name, and resist the complex dynamics of racism, anti-Blackness, and politics threatening their work with youth. The conclusion lays out recommendations that include (1) encouraging more scholarship that theorizes social location of community-based youth work and the deep pedagogical work that can occur within community-based after-school spaces; and (2) considering the potential effects of macroeconomic and social policies, such as education privatization, on after-school community-based spaces and cautioning against the erasure of self-determination within community-based spaces as a result of the neoliberal turn.

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Book SynopsisSan Francisco has always had an affordable housing problem. Starting in the aftermath of the 1906 earthquake and ending with the dot-com boom, Housing the City by the Bay considers the history of one proposed answer to the city's ongoing housing crisis: public housing. John Baranski follows the ebbs and flows of San Francisco's public housing program: the Progressive Era and New Deal reforms that led to the creation of the San Francisco Housing Authority in 1938, conflicts over urban renewal and desegregation, and the federal and local efforts to privatize government housing at the turn of the twenty-first century. This history of public housing sheds light on changing attitudes towards liberalism, the welfare state, and the economic and civil rights attached to citizenship. Baranski details the ways San Francisco residents turned to the public housing program to build class-based political movements in a multi-racial city and introduces us to the individuals—community activists, politicians, reformers, and city employees—who were continually forced to seek new strategies to achieve their aims as the winds of federal legislation shifted. Ultimately, Housing the City by the Bay advances the idea that public housing remains a vital part of the social and political landscape, intimately connected to the struggle for economic rights in urban America.Trade Review"Housing the City by the Bay takes a deeper look at the twentieth-century history of housing—first, the failures of private markets to meet the needs of working people, and then the New Deal intervention in the wake of the Depression, catalyzing a broad expansion of public housing. Combining the half century rise and fall of public housing with the unprecedented inflation of housing prices engendered by the Bay Area tech boom at the dawn of the twenty-first century, John Baranski reveals a Bay Area riven by sharp class divisions, and disarmed before the tidal wave of private interests determined to undermine any efforts to reclaim the basic human right to decent, inexpensive, high quality shelter." -- Chris Carlsson * Co-Director of Shaping San Francisco *"Housing the City by the Bay makes an original contribution to U.S. national political history and California social and urban history. John Baranski provides a sophisticated analysis of the complex ways that housing policy relates to the century long debate between liberals and their critics over how to define and implement citizenship rights." -- Bill Issel * San Francisco State University *"John Baranski's scholarship devastates the 'There Is No Alternative' myth when it comes to for-profit housing and the built environment. Through meticulous research and sharp historical grounding, he shows us the paths that led to the national housing crisis. Housing the City By the Bay lays bare the race and class antagonisms in a liberal city such as San Francisco. It serves as a cautionary tale and a call to action, and makes a monumental contribution to the national discussion around housing and neighborhoods." -- James Tracy * author of Dispatches Against Displacement: Field Notes from San Francisco's Housing Wars *"Anyone wishing to understand the conjoined crises of astronomical housing costs and the legions of homeless in San Francisco must read John Baranski's book, for it gives essential context usually absent from the everyday barbarism now manifest on that city's streets. Baranski reveals a century-long tug-of-war between advocates of housing as a human right and victorious champions of the marketplace. San Francisco's story is that of every American city, only more so." -- Gray Brechin * author of Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin *"[Housing the City by the Bay] adds an important contribution to the debate over public housing....Baranski does an amazing job of documenting this history in San Francisco." -- Pablo Gonzales * Journal of American Ethnic History *"[Housing the City by the Bay] is an excellent addition to the growing literature on the history of public housing in the United States. John Baranski is especially adept at connecting San Francisco's public housing history to national political history." -- Joseph A. Rodriguez * Pacific Historical Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction presents an overview of the book. The introduction focuses on some of the book's main questions about what public housing meant for San Francisco residents and presents the book's major themes, concepts, and arguments. There is also a discussion about how the book contributes to some of the more important historical themes of urban and welfare state history in the twentieth century. The introduction presents an analysis of liberalism as it relates to public housing, the welfare state, and the economic and civil rights of citizens and suggests ways for the reader to start thinking about these larger issues before moving into the narrative of the book. 1Progressive Era Housing Reform chapter abstractThe first chapter describes the city's working-class neighborhoods that are considered for housing reform during the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter also places the city's reform community—its members, knowledge production, and policy visions—within a larger community of housing reformers in the Atlantic World interested in the labor question. Prompted by the social problems generated by industrial capitalism and urbanization, reformers began to rethink how urban housing and planning was done. Breaking from classical liberal economic ideas, transatlantic reformers proposed an expanded role for all levels of government in the economy. As was common in other parts of the world, San Francisco's housing reformers also used a combination of social science research and moral suasion to pass government building codes and zoning laws. They failed in their attempt to create public housing in part because they failed to inspire the city's workers and tenants. 2The San Francisco Housing Authority and the New Deal chapter abstractt examines the influence of the Great Depression and the New Deal on San Francisco's housing and job needs and how federal housing officials drew on popular movements, four decades of social reforms, and a change in liberalism to guide the expansion of government housing policies. The 1937 United States Housing Act, along with expanded state legislation, permitted San Francisco's residents, including nonwhites, to participate in the creation of the San Francisco Housing Authority (SFHA), which in turn allowed them to build government housing and provide jobs. The SFHA was not a democratic agency or free of racism, but its policies were more inclusive than pre–New Deal housing reform efforts and more responsive to the general welfare than private landlords. From the discussions of the SFHA purpose, the city's residents began to think in new ways about housing, civil and economic rights, and liberalism. 3Public Housing, Race, and Conflicting Visions of Democracy and the State chapter abstractThe chapter examines the war years when the SFHA housing program expanded not only its housing stock, but also its social services at its projects. Urban planners, housing reformers, and labor unions across California began promoting a larger role for public housing authorities in local and regional economic development, achieving full employment, and in expanding economic rights for citizens. The 1948 United Nations General Assembly declaration on civil and economic rights and the 1949 United States Housing Act reflected the growing discussions around these ideas, although in the United States, postwar affluence, the real estate lobby, and the red scare dashed support for enlarging federal public housing and the welfare state. Along with these developments, the chapter follows the growing civil rights movement and how it targeted public housing for integration and ending racial discrimination. 4Prosperity, Development, and Institutional Racism in the Cold War chapter abstractThe chapter outlines the city's housing and neighborhoods most affected by wartime demographic changes and by the tenant selection of private landlords and SFHA staff. The chapter focuses on the ways civil rights activism and the Cold War influenced the SFHA program. Civil rights activists forced the SFHA to desegregate its housing, and the civil rights struggles illustrated the ways housing intersected with economic rights and identity formation. The politically chilling Cold War climate also led many housing officials, like many New Deal liberals, to abandon the idea of expanding government programs to ensure employment and housing, and this shift came at a time when private redevelopment projects became a priority at the federal and local level. The quality of some public housing in San Francisco began to deteriorate in the 1950s, contributing to tenant organizing and activism in the following decades. 5Something to Help Themselves chapter abstractThe chapter examines how the shortages of good jobs and housing and racial discrimination provided fertile ground for tenant mobilization. Taking the idea of participatory policymaking to heart, public housing tenants organized tenant unions at the project and city level. SFHA policies continued to demonstrate how the power built on race, class, and gender privileges stymied participatory policymaking as SFHA tenant attempts to participate in SFHA achieved mixed results. Tenants and allied civic organizations fought federal cuts to government housing and urban renewal projects. Tenant activities sometimes spilled over into surrounding communities as renters in private housing joined hands with public housing tenants in a variety of campaigns. Significantly, this part of the book deepens our understanding of the traditional narrative of the 60s by including the social activism of tenants and challenging the stereotype of public housing tenants as part of an urban underclass. 6Out of Step with Washington chapter abstractThe chapter focuses on how tenants tried to expand their rights through the SFHA and other public agencies. Tenant leaders, who were primarily women, drew on the resources of the SFHA and other public institutions to nurture their tenant organizing. The city's tenants organized for more public housing, useful jobs, and social services. For a short time, tenants even demanded control of public housing funds and SFHA policymaking. Although their desire to fully democratize their housing met opposition, tenant efforts resulted in reforms that made policymaking more inclusive. Their growing influence came at a time when the SFHA program, like many social welfare programs, suffered from federal budget cuts. Federal housing policies began to move away from funding government homes to private sector solutions, and this shift hurt the quality and scope of the city's public housing and tenant organizing. 7All Housing Is Public chapter abstractThe chapter highlights tenant responses to federal cuts in social programs, another wave of urban redevelopment, and rising housing costs. To SFHA tenants, government housing continued to offer not just housing but a host of programs aimed at ensuring a degree of economic security. That housing and those programs allowed tenants to maintain a sense of community. But non-SFHA tenants also turned to the government program in their struggle for housing security. In these ways, the SFHA continued its role in the daily lives of the city's residents. The SFHA's declining resources aligned with the rise of the New Right and the power of neoliberalism to cut federal housing funds further. Tenants continued their struggles over housing. Not everything was oriented around struggle. Public housing tenants expressed their creativity and identity through art and community projects, thus reinforcing their identities through culture, place, and struggle. 8Privatizing the Public in the Dot-Com Era chapter abstractThis chapter examines how demand for housing, cuts to the SFHA program, and federal legislation influenced the direction of housing trends in the city. As housing costs soared, landlords skirted tenant rights and evictions rose; many residents unable to keep or secure housing joined the homeless population or left the city. Some residents resisted and fought for housing rights in an era of gentrification. This housing crisis was not unique to San Francisco. Across the country, tenants were squeezed out of neighborhoods as wages failed to keep up with urban housing costs. Housing legislation continued to shift resources and support to private sector housing solutions rather than public housing. By the twenty-first century, the SFHA was losing its place as the largest affordable housing landlord in the city. Conclusion chapter abstractThe conclusion highlights the key points and themes of San Francisco's housing history and connects those insights to a national and international affordable housing shortage and income, wealth, and racial inequality. The conclusion also proposes recommendations for thinking about public housing as a program that could be used once again to expand the civil and economic rights of citizens and engage residents in the political process. The history of public housing in San Francisco offers insights into how to approach contemporary housing reforms and social movements.

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Book SynopsisApproximately 2.4 million Black youth participate in after-school programs, which offer a range of support, including academic tutoring, college preparation, political identity development, cultural and emotional support, and even a space to develop strategies and tools for organizing and activism. In Reclaiming Community, Bianca Baldridge tells the story of one such community-based program, Educational Excellence (EE), shining a light on both the invaluable role youth workers play in these spaces, and the precarious context in which such programs now exist. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, Baldridge persuasively argues that the story of EE is representative of a much larger and understudied phenomenon. With the spread of neoliberal ideology and its reliance on racism—marked by individualism, market competition, and privatization—these bastions of community support are losing the autonomy that has allowed them to embolden the minds of the youth they serve. Baldridge captures the stories of loss and resistance within this context of immense external political pressure, arguing powerfully for the damage caused when the same structural violence that Black youth experience in school, starts to occur in the places they go to escape it.Trade Review"A compelling analysis of community-based youth service programs and how their ability to respond to community needs has been impaired by the narrow 'reform' agenda sweeping the country. Baldridge is a keen observer and her insights will help parents, educators, and activists in other communities understand why their work may not be supported by powerful elites, and what they can do about it." -- Pedro A. Noguera, Distinguished Professor of Education * UCLA Graduate School of Education & Information Studies *"The movement across America to adopt a Wall Street-like focus on 'return on investments' (ROI) to measure the impact of after-school programs is a big mistake. Bianca Baldridge offers a brilliant and timely alternative to metric-driven services; her research provides a refreshing and illuminating vision of how those who support youth of color can create more holistic alternatives to youth programming." -- Shawn Ginwright, Professor of Education and African American Studies * San Francisco State University *"Baldridge's powerful and sophisticated work urges us to continue to focus on theorizing the relationship between community-based youth work and schooling. Reclaiming Community is an urgent read for educational organizers and leaders, education scholars from all disciplines, social movement scholars, and organization scholars." -- Ranita Ray * American Journal of Sociology *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Community-Based Youth Work in Uncertain Times chapter abstractChapter 1 introduces readers to Educational Excellence, its history, mission, triumphs, and challenges. Major themes of the book, its goals, the research methodology, and its significance to sociology of education are presented. The story of the organization is discussed within a broader theoretical discussion of market-driven education reform, race, and paternalism to (1) explore the dialectical relationship between community-based spaces and schools and (2) to explore how political imaginings of race and youth shape and inform the construction of community-based educational spaces engaging Black and other minoritized youth. 2"The EE Family:" Framing Race, Youth, and Educational Possibilities chapter abstractChapter 2 describes the history of Educational Excellence and its transformation from a strict after-school academic program steeped in deficit rhetoric to a comprehensive program that includes emotional and social support as well as political education. This chapter discusses the competing framing (asset-based versus deficit) of Black youth among the organization's founder, board members, and current and new staff members in the program and the struggle to reimagine Black youth beyond deficit narratives rampant in the youth development and nonprofit funding world. This chapter discusses how neoliberal restructuring affects the neighborhood Educational Excellence calls home and the schooling experiences of youth in the program. This chapter examines how youth workers become critical advocates and intercessors on behalf of students, assisting them in navigating difficult school, family, cultural, and social barriers. 3"We're Not Saving Anybody:" Refusing Deficit Narratives chapter abstractThis chapter examines how Black youth within after-school support spaces are often framed politically as "broken" and in need of "fixing." This chapter highlights the voices of youth workers as they navigate community-based educational youth work in a national education climate and with new organizational leadership marked by education reform and therefore pressure to frame Black youth from a deficit perspective to compete for funding opportunities, political praise, and public recognition. This chapter describes how the common trend toward deficit framing is linked to the current neoliberal education market, which incentivizes community-based educational spaces to frame marginalized youth as socially, culturally, and intellectually deficient in order to successfully compete with charter schools for funding. 4"Expanding EE's Footprint": Navigating Organizational Change chapter abstractChapter 4 discusses the growing racial, class, and gender tensions between the organization's founder, executive leadership, and Educational Excellence's board members. This chapter examines the changing nature of leadership in the organization and its impact on the practices of youth workers, shifting priorities of the program, and the overall culture of the program. Rapid growth and increase in the number of youth "served" by Educational Excellence became the new language and mode of operation for the organization. Under these new logics, racial and economic discourse about Black youth and educational opportunity within the organization began to drastically disrupt life at Educational Excellence. This chapter discusses how Educational Excellence expanded into another neighborhood without the proper infrastructure, which shifted the organization in an entirely different direction—one that led to damaged relationships and altered the reputation of the organization. 5"The Family Is Dead": Corporatizing After-School chapter abstractAfter a mass exodus of staff members at Educational Excellence, this chapter discusses how remaining youth workers strive to maintain strong and relevant pedagogical practices, familial-like culture, and an asset-rich ideology of youth in a new climate where organizational leadership is primarily concerned with funding, expansion, and greater exposure for the organization—without regard for the consequences for staff or student morale. This chapter discusses the ways that the camaraderie and relationships established between youth workers served as an anchor for accountability in the program. With relationships in jeopardy, accountability for resisting racist and deficit language withered and neoliberal expansion flourished under new leadership. 6"It Was Never Ours": Race and the Politics of Control chapter abstractChapter 6 examines the external pull factors (broader political and economic forces shaping public education) and internal push factors (competing frames of race, control, and paternalism between staff, the founder, and new leadership) that led youth workers away from Educational Excellence. Youth workers share their process for leaving the organization, what they learned during their time in the program, and reflections on challenging and rewarding experiences. Chapter 6 investigates the persistence of racism and neoliberalism within the current era of education that is eroding liberatory community-based spaces engaging Black youth. Conclusion: Reclaiming Community-Based Youth Work in the Neoliberal Era chapter abstractThe conclusion summarizes major research findings and highlights the major triumphs, challenges, and changes the book documented. Within this chapter, the story of Educational Excellence is placed within a historical context of activism in Black communities. Through the lessons learned from Educational Excellence, a path is laid out for community-based leaders and educators of color to identify, name, and resist the complex dynamics of racism, anti-Blackness, and politics threatening their work with youth. The conclusion lays out recommendations that include (1) encouraging more scholarship that theorizes social location of community-based youth work and the deep pedagogical work that can occur within community-based after-school spaces; and (2) considering the potential effects of macroeconomic and social policies, such as education privatization, on after-school community-based spaces and cautioning against the erasure of self-determination within community-based spaces as a result of the neoliberal turn.

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Book SynopsisDespite the end of white minority rule and the transition to parliamentary democracy, Johannesburg remains haunted by its tortured history of racial segregation and burdened by enduring inequalities in income, opportunities for stable work, and access to decent housing. Under these circumstances, Johannesburg has become one of the most dangerous cities in the world, where the yawning gap between the 'haves' and 'have-nots' has fueled a turn toward redistribution through crime. While wealthy residents have retreated into heavily fortified gated communities and upscale security estates, the less affluent have sought refuge in retrofitting their private homes into safe houses, closing off public streets, and hiring the services of private security companies to protect their suburban neighborhoods. Panic City is an exploration of urban fear and its impact on the city's evolving siege architecture, the transformation of policing, and obsession with security that has fueled unprecedented private consumption of 'protection services.' Martin Murray analyzes the symbiotic relationship between public law enforcement agencies, private security companies, and neighborhood associations, wherein buyers and sellers of security have reinvented ways of maintaining outdated segregation practices that define the urban poor as suspects.Trade Review"South African cities have long been exemplars of the damning effects of fear—and of its exploitation by urban designers and 'security' industries. Post-apartheid hopes of the 'Rainbow Nation' have often unraveled on the back of rampant insecurity and moral panics. In Martin J. Murray's superb book, we learn in forensic detail why and how this has happened. A brilliant and searing critique of the 'hardening' of cities into fortresses, and the mushrooming of a whole array of 'security' industries, this book is an absolute must-read for anyone concerned with our fast-urbanizing world."—Stephen Graham, author of Vertical: The City from Satellites to Bunkers"Panic City shows a grim picture of Johannesburg as paradigm for the 'urbanization of panic.' This very thorough and wide-ranging book focuses on the private security industry, which has become an inextricable part of the social fabric. A must-read for all those who want to know how the future policing of urban space in our dualized societies might look."—Lieven De Cauter, author of The Capsular Civilization: On the City in the Age of Fear"Panic City is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in the politics of crime in South Africa, particularly students, teachers and researchers on post-apartheid Johannesburg. Urban geographers and students of urban studies, environmental psychology, planning, architecture and urban design as well as politicians, policymakers and ordinary residents will find this book revealing and very telling about the ugly stereotypes and gangster proclivities of private security in the suburbs. The book provides its readers with a unique reference point, as well as a stimulus for further research."—Mfaniseni Fana Sihlongonyane, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research"Dystopic, meticulously researched, and brilliantly written, Panic City: Crime and the Fear Industries of Johannesburg engages with a variety of disciplinary fields, including critical criminology, urban geography, bordering, and the sociology of punishment."—Gail Super, American Journal of Sociology

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Book SynopsisDespite the end of white minority rule and the transition to parliamentary democracy, Johannesburg remains haunted by its tortured history of racial segregation and burdened by enduring inequalities in income, opportunities for stable work, and access to decent housing. Under these circumstances, Johannesburg has become one of the most dangerous cities in the world, where the yawning gap between the 'haves' and 'have-nots' has fueled a turn toward redistribution through crime. While wealthy residents have retreated into heavily fortified gated communities and upscale security estates, the less affluent have sought refuge in retrofitting their private homes into safe houses, closing off public streets, and hiring the services of private security companies to protect their suburban neighborhoods. Panic City is an exploration of urban fear and its impact on the city's evolving siege architecture, the transformation of policing, and obsession with security that has fueled unprecedented private consumption of 'protection services.' Martin Murray analyzes the symbiotic relationship between public law enforcement agencies, private security companies, and neighborhood associations, wherein buyers and sellers of security have reinvented ways of maintaining outdated segregation practices that define the urban poor as suspects.Trade Review"South African cities have long been exemplars of the damning effects of fear—and of its exploitation by urban designers and 'security' industries. Post-apartheid hopes of the 'Rainbow Nation' have often unraveled on the back of rampant insecurity and moral panics. In Martin J. Murray's superb book, we learn in forensic detail why and how this has happened. A brilliant and searing critique of the 'hardening' of cities into fortresses, and the mushrooming of a whole array of 'security' industries, this book is an absolute must-read for anyone concerned with our fast-urbanizing world."—Stephen Graham, author of Vertical: The City from Satellites to Bunkers"Panic City shows a grim picture of Johannesburg as paradigm for the 'urbanization of panic.' This very thorough and wide-ranging book focuses on the private security industry, which has become an inextricable part of the social fabric. A must-read for all those who want to know how the future policing of urban space in our dualized societies might look."—Lieven De Cauter, author of The Capsular Civilization: On the City in the Age of Fear"Panic City is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in the politics of crime in South Africa, particularly students, teachers and researchers on post-apartheid Johannesburg. Urban geographers and students of urban studies, environmental psychology, planning, architecture and urban design as well as politicians, policymakers and ordinary residents will find this book revealing and very telling about the ugly stereotypes and gangster proclivities of private security in the suburbs. The book provides its readers with a unique reference point, as well as a stimulus for further research."—Mfaniseni Fana Sihlongonyane, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research"Dystopic, meticulously researched, and brilliantly written, Panic City: Crime and the Fear Industries of Johannesburg engages with a variety of disciplinary fields, including critical criminology, urban geography, bordering, and the sociology of punishment."—Gail Super, American Journal of Sociology

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Book SynopsisAs the twentieth century roared on, transformative technologies—from trains, trams, and automobiles to radios and loudspeakers—fundamentally changed the sounds of the Egyptian streets. The cacophony of everyday life grew louder, and the Egyptian press featured editorials calling for the regulation of not only mechanized and amplified sounds, but also the voices of street vendors, the music of wedding processions, and even the traditional funerary wails. Ziad Fahmy offers the first historical examination of the changing soundscapes of urban Egypt, highlighting the mundane sounds of street life, while "listening" to the voices of ordinary people as they struggle with state authorities for ownership of the streets. Interweaving infrastructural, cultural, and social history, Fahmy analyzes the sounds of modernity, using sounded sources as an analytical tool for examining the past. Street Sounds also reveals a political dimension of noise by demonstrating how the growing middle classes used sound to distinguish themselves from the Egyptian masses. This book contextualizes sound, layering historical analysis with a sensory dimension, bringing us closer to the Egyptian streets as lived and embodied by everyday people.Trade Review"With considerable skill, Ziad Fahmy listens to listeners in a place and time wholly underexplored by historians of the senses. In the process, he offers us an important and trenchant interpretation of the sensory definition of modernity." -- Mark Smith * University of South Carolina *"Street Sounds brings the boisterous soundscape of modernizing Egypt to life. Ziad Fahmy has an ear for the noise of history in motion—street hawkers, calls to prayer, braying donkeys, wagon wheels, claxons and screeching tires, recorded song, and the ever-present buzz of electricity. He allows us to hear an Egypt we might otherwise discount." -- Joel Gordon * University of Arkansas *"In this fascinating and highly original study, Ziad Fahmy takes sound seriously as both a primary source and a qualitatively distinct phenomenon of modernity. Street Sounds apprehends sonic and scopic regimes as interrelated aspects of a larger sensorium, thereby pioneering a new and extraordinarily rich form of Middle Eastern cultural history." -- Walter Armbrust * University of Oxford *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Introduction: Historicizing Sounds and Soundscapes chapter abstractIn the Introduction I briefly examine the importance of the field of sound studies and the need for historians of the Middle East to engage with the sounds of the past. I discuss the importance of "listening" to the sources, in order to mine the archives for sonic events. Finally, Street Sounds proposes that by taking into account the changing sounds of the past, and by examining how people dealt with their daily sounded environment, we can be brought closer to a more embodied microlevel analysis of mundane street life. This is especially true in a period of rapid sonic transition, which exemplified the infrastructural and technological transformations during the first half of the twentieth century. 1Walking the City: Street Voices, Traffic, and the Mundane Sounds of Everyday Life chapter abstractInspired in part by Michel de Certeau's The Practice of Everyday Life, in Chapter 1, I describe life in early- to mid-twentieth-century Cairo from a pedestrian's perspective. "Walking the City: Street Voices, Traffic, and the Mundane Sounds of Everyday Life" is devoted to the sounds of pedestrians and commuters as I analyze the ways that they used, occupied, and walked through those public spaces to commute, work, sell, and shop, and to entertain and be entertained. The first part of the chapter examines some of the social implications of embodied noises, from jingling anklets and bracelets to footsteps, as ordinary Cairenes were negotiating their way through a rapidly changing city. The second half of the chapter focuses on the calls of street hawkers, entertainers, and merchants who relied on their voices to advertise their goods and services. 2Silencing the Streets: Classism, Fear of the Crowd, and Regulating Sounds and Bodies chapter abstractChapter 2, "Silencing the Streets: Classism, Fear of the Crowd, and Regulating Sounds and Bodies," examines both the Egyptian government's attempts at regulating and silencing public spaces and the class implications of these policies. New anti-begging and anti-homelessness discourses invoked fears of an imminent breakdown of public order and even public health. In this chapter, I also document the interrelated and ever-present class bias in the Egyptian press, especially with regard to its coverage of the urban streets, street hawkers, and the itinerant poor. 3Roads and Tracks: Modern Traffic and the Sensory and Social Impact of Trams and Automobiles chapter abstractChapter 3, "Roads and Tracks: Modern Traffic and the Sensory and Social Impact of Trams and Automobiles," examines the modernization of Egypt's urban infrastructure, especially roads and tramways. The changing sounds and the social impact of growing urban traffic is carefully examined, with an emphasis on the introduction of tramways and motor vehicles. The chapter also documents and elaborates on the sonic impact of new urban spaces from large city squares to bustling transportation hubs. The problems of dramatically increased motor traffic and early attempts at regulating car horn noise are especially investigated. 4The Soundscapes of Modernity: Electricity, Lights and the Sounds of Nightlife chapter abstractChapter 4, "The Soundscapes of Modernity: Electricity, Lights and the Sounds of Nightlife," begins by examining the professional lighting of Egyptian cities by private gas utilities and the introduction of electricity and electric lighting. The sonic implication of electricity was of course enormous as it not only allowed the eventual proliferation of radios, loudspeakers, and tramways, but just as importantly brought the electric lights that forever changed the sounds of the Egyptian night. The growth of a regularly boisterous nightlife and the establishment of newer places of public leisure, from amusement parks to cabarets and movie theaters catering to diverse audiences, are closely examined. 5The Sounds of Weddings and Funerals: From Brass Bands to Wails and Ululations chapter abstractChapter 5 examines the evolving street sounds of traditional Egyptian weddings and funerals, which involved elaborate street processions and a variety of auditory and visual displays. It examines the changing roles of street music, singing, loud funerary grieving, and other important verbal and nonverbal vocalizations. The chapter concludes by examining some of the attacks directed against many of the embodied and auditory aspects of these traditional ceremonies by the government and by both secular and Islamic modernists. The one point all the "modernizing" camps agreed on was their belief in the general ignorance of the vast majority of the population and the urgent need for education, reform, and uplift. The chapter also addresses how many of these vulgarizing discourses played a role in the class distinction of Egypt's growing middle classes as they self-consciously attempted to define and separate themselves from the masses through sensory differentiation. 6Sounding Out State Power: Cannons, Music, and Loudspeakers chapter abstractIn Chapter 6, "Sounding Out State Power: Cannons, Music and Loudspeakers," I examine the Egyptian state's appropriation of large religious and secular celebrations and festivals. The chapter centers exclusively on the official sounds and spectacles performed and sponsored by the Egyptian state in an ongoing effort to legitimize its secular and religious authority in the eyes and ears of the masses. As I demonstrate in this chapter, drums, cannons, and twenty-one gun salutes are as important as uniforms, flags, and propaganda posters. I will particularly focus on the state's use of music, microphones, and radio speeches broadcast over loudspeakers during parades, festivals, and other large public gatherings. Conclusion: Conclusion: Class Distinction and Remembering Lost Sounds chapter abstractThe Conclusion briefly summaries some of the key arguments of the book and delves into the interrelationship between memory, class, nationalism, and the senses. It discusses the contradiction between an apparent nostalgia for street sounds of the past and a simultaneous vulgarization of contemporary street sounds.

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