Thermodynamics and heat Books
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thermodynamics and an Introduction to
Book SynopsisThe only text to cover both thermodynamic and statistical mechanics----allowing students to fully master thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. Presents essential ideas on critical phenomena developed over the last decade in simple, qualitative terms.Table of ContentsGENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS. The Problem and the Postulates. The Conditions of Equilibrium. Some Formal Relationships, and Sample Systems. Reversible Processes and the Maximum Work Theorem. Alternative Formulations and Legendre Transformations. The Extremum Principle in the Legendre Transformed Representations. Maxwell Relations. Stability of Thermodynamic Systems. First-Order Phase Transitions. Critical Phenomena. The Nernst Postulate. Summary of Principles for General Systems. Properties of Materials. Irreversible Thermodynamics. STATISTICAL MECHANICS. Statistical Mechanics in the Entropy Representation: The Microanonical Formalism. The Canonical Formalism; Statistical Mechanics in Helmholtz Representation. Entropy and Disorder; Generalized Canonical Formulations. Quantum Fluids. Fluctuations. Variational Properties, Perturbation Expansions, and Mean Field Theory. FOUNDATIONS. Postlude: Symmetry and the Conceptual Foundations of Thermostatistics. Appendices. General References. Index.
£205.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Temperature Measurement
Book SynopsisThe accurate measurement of temperature is a vital parameter in many fields of engineering and scientific practice. Responding to emerging trends, this classic reference has been fully revised to include coverage of the latest instrumentation and measurement methods.Table of ContentsTemperature Scales and Classification of Thermometers Non-Electric Thermometers Thermoelectric Thermometers Resistance Thermometers Semiconductor Thermometers Fibre Optic Thermometers Quartz, Ultrasonic and Noise Thermometers and Distributed Parameter Sensors Pyrometers Classification and Radiation Laws Manually Operated Pyrometers Automatic Pyrometers Practical Applications of Pyrometers Conditioning of Temperature Sensor Output Signals Computerised Temperature Measuring Systems Imaging of Temperature Fields of Solids Dynamic Temperature Measuement Temperature Measurment of Solid Bodies by Contact Method Temperature Measurement of Fluids Temperature Measurment of Transparent Solid Bodies Temperature Measurement of Moving Bodies Temperature Measurement in Industral Appliances Temperature Measurement in Medicine Calibration and Testing of Temperature Measuring Instruments Auxiliary Tables Author and Organisation Index Subject Index
£270.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes
Book SynopsisThermodynamics of irreversible Processes provides a thoroughtreatment of the basic axioms of irreversible systems and dealswith specific applications to diffusion of liquids and matter inflow. This volume will prove to be invaluable reading for anyoneworking in the field of irreversible phenomena. Thermodynamics ofIrreversible Processes, presents :- * A lucid review of classical thermodynamics * Rigorous derivations of the fundamental principles ofirreversible thermodynamics * In-depth studies of multicomponent diffusion, with applicationsto non-ideal systems * Thorough treatments of relaxation phenomena and linearviscoelasticity * An essential text for anyone working with irreversiblethermodynamics, rheology and multi-component mixtures Thermodynamics of irreversible Processes is the first advanced textdealing with the applications of irreversible thermodynamics tomulticomponent diffusion and viscoelasticity. Gerard Kuiken haswritten a book which will appeal toTable of ContentsThe Continuum View of Matter. Classical Thermodynamics. Basic Axioms of the TIP. Multicomponent Simple Fluids. Statistical Foundation of the Onsager Casimir Reciprocal Relationsfor Homogeneous Systems. Multicomponent Diffusion. Rheology. Appendices. Indexes.
£221.36
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids
Book SynopsisThe fifth edition has been issued to incorporate two new tables -- Data of Refrigerant 134a and a table containing for selected substances, molar enthalpies and molar Gibbs functions of formation, Equilibirum constants of formation, as well as molar heat capacities and absolute entropies.Table of Contents1. Notation and Units. 2. Saturated Water and Steam. 3. Superheated and Supercritical Steam. 4. Further Properties of Water and Steam. 5. Mercury – Hg. 6. Ammonia – NH3 (Refrigerant 717). 7. Dichlorodifluoromethane – CF2-Cl3 (Refrigerant 12). 8. Tetrafluoroethane – CH2F-CF3 (Refrigarent 134a). 9. Dry Air at Low Pressure. 10. Specific Heat Capacity cp/[kJ/kgK] of Some gases and Vapours. 11. Molar Properties of Some Gases and Vapours. 12. Enthalpies of Reaction and Equilibrium Constants. 13. A Selection of Chemical Thermodynamic Data. 14. Miscellaneous Liquids, Vapours and Gases. 15. International Standard Atmosphere. 16. SI – British Conversion Factors. 17. General Information. 18. Principal Sources.
£10.95
Princeton University Press Geochemical Kinetics
Book SynopsisExplores geochemical kinetics - the application of chemical kinetics to geological problems. This book examines advanced theories developed by geochemists, such as nonisothermal kinetics and inverse theories, including geochronology (isotopic dating), thermochronology (temperature-time history), and geospeedometry (cooling rates).Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2009 "This is the most comprehensive, authoritative account of geochemical kinetics published to date. Writing in a remarkably accessible style, considering the complexity of the subject, Zhang, one of the leading experts in the field, covers every conceivable area of geochemical kinetics."--B. Ransom, Choice "[T]his is a very good textbook, which I would recommend to anyone wanting to be informed about the kinetic aspects of geochemistry. The book is well organized and well written--Professor Zhang's English style makes it easy to read. Interesting sets of carefully thought-out problems at the end of each chapter contribute to making this an excellent introductory text, one that may be used in teaching. The book is remarkably free of errors, which is impressive given the extensive mathematical formulation throughout. The publisher is also to be commended for the easy-to-read font size and the clarity and simplicity of the figures. This book has a nice 'feel' about it."--Terry M. Seward, ElementsTable of ContentsList of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Preface xix Notation xxii Physical Constants xxv Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1 1.1 Thermodynamics versus Kinetics 3 1.2 Chemical Kinetics versus Geochemical Kinetics 6 1.3 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions 7 1.3.1 Reaction progress parameter x 11 1.3.2 Elementary versus overall reactions 12 1.3.3 Molecularity of a reaction 13 1.3.4 Reaction rate law, rate constant, and order of a reaction 14 1.3.5 Concentration evolution for reactions of different orders 19 1.3.6 Dependence of reaction rate constant on temperature; Arrhenius equation 25 1.3.7 Nonisothermal reaction kinetics 29 1.3.8 More complicated homogeneous reactions 31 1.3.9 Determination of reaction rate laws, rate constants, and mechanisms 32 1.4 Mass and Heat Transfer 36 1.4.1 Diffusion 37 1.4.2 Convection 46 1.5 Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reactions 47 1.5.1 Controlling factors and"reaction laws" 48 1.5.2 Steps in heterogeneous reactions 55 1.6 Temperature and Pressure Effect on Reaction Rate Coefficients and Diffusivities 58 1.6.1 Collision theory 59 1.6.2 Transition state theory 61 1.7 Inverse Problems 66 1.7.1 Reactions and diffusion during cooling 66 1.7.2 Geochronology, closure age, and thermochronology 71 1.7.3 Geothermometry, apparent equilibrium temperature, and geospeedometry 77 1.7.4 Geospeedometry using exchange reactions between two or more phases 81 1.7.5 Concluding remarks 83 1.8 Some Additional Notes 83 1.8.1 Mathematics encountered in kinetics 83 1.8.2 Demystifying some processes that seem to violate thermodynamics 84 1.8.3 Some other myths 86 1.8.4 Future research 87 Problems 88 Chapter 2: Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions 95 2.1 Reversible Reactions 97 2.1.1 Concentration evolution for first-order reversible reactions 97 2.1.2 Concentration evolution for second-order reversible reactions 99 2.1.3 Reversible reactions during cooling 104 2.1.4 Fe-Mg order-disorder reaction in orthopyroxene 113 2.1.5 Hydrous species reaction in rhyolitic melt 122 2.2 Chain Reactions 130 2.2.1 Radioactive decay series 131 2.2.2 Chain reactions leading to negative activation energy 144 2.2.3 Thermal decomposition of ozone 145 2.3 Parallel Reactions 147 2.3.1 Electron transfer between Fe2yFE and Fe3yFE in aqueous solution 147 2.3.2 From dissolved CO2 to bicarbonate ion 148 2.3.3 Nuclear hydrogen burning 150 2.4 Some Special Topics 155 2.4.1 Photochemical production and decomposition of ozone, and the ozone hole 155 2.4.2 Diffusion control of homogeneous reactions 157 2.4.3 Glass transition 160 Problems 167 Chapter 3: Mass Transfer: Diffusion and Flow 173 3.1 Basic Theories and Concepts 175 3.1.1 Mass conservation and transfer 175 3.1.2 Conservation of energy 183 3.1.3 Conservation of momentum 183 3.1.4 Various kinds of diffusion 183 3.2 Diffusion in a Binary System 189 3.2.1 Diffusion equation 189 3.2.2 Initial and boundary conditions 190 3.2.3 Some simple solutions to the diffusion equation at steady state 192 3.2.4 One-dimensional diffusion in infinite or semi-infinite medium with constant diffusivity 194 3.2.5 Instantaneous plane, line, or point source 205 3.2.6 Principle of superposition 207 3.2.7 One-dimensional finite medium and constant D, separation of variables 209 3.2.8 Variable diffusion coefficient 212 3.2.9 Uphill diffusion in binary systems and spinodal decomposition 221 3.2.10 Diffusion in three dimensions; different coordinates 224 3.2.11 Diffusion in an anisotropic medium; diffusion tensor 227 3.2.12 Summary of analytical methods to obtain solution to the diffusion equation 231 3.2.13 Numerical solutions 231 3.3 Diffusion of a Multispecies Component 236 3.3.1 Diffusion of water in silicate melts 238 3.3.2 Diffusion of CO2 component in silicate melts 245 3.3.3 Diffusion of oxygen in melts and minerals 249 3.4 Diffusion in a Multicomponent System 251 3.4.1 Effective binary approach 252 3.4.2 Modified effective binary approach 254 3.4.3 Multicomponent diffusivity matrix (concentration-based) 255 3.4.4 Multicomponent diffusivity matrix (activity-based) 263 3.4.5 Concluding remarks 263 3.5 Some Special Diffusion Problems 265 3.5.1 Diffusion of a radioactive component 266 3.5.2 Diffusion of a radiogenic component and thermochronology 267 3.5.3 Liesegang rings 270 3.5.4 Isotopic ratio profiles versus elemental concentration profiles 271 3.5.5 Moving boundary problems 273 3.5.6 Diffusion and flow 280 3.6 Diffusion Coefficients 284 3.6.1 Experiments to obtain diffusivity 285 3.6.2 Relations and models on diffusivity 298 Problems 317 Chapter 4: Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reactions 325 4.1 Basic Processes in Heterogeneous Reactions 331 4.1.1 Nucleation 331 4.1.2 Interface reaction 342 4.1.3 Role of mass and heat transfer 350 4.1.4 Dendritic crystal growth 361 4.1.5 Nucleation and growth of many crystals 362 4.1.6 Coarsening 366 4.1.7 Kinetic control for the formation of new phases 371 4.1.8 Some remarks 372 4.2 Dissolution, Melting, or Growth of a Single Crystal, Bubble, or Droplet Controlled by Mass or Heat Transfer 373 4.2.1 Reference frames 375 4.2.2 Diffusive crystal dissolution in an infinite melt reservoir 378 4.2.3 Convective dissolution of a falling or rising crystal in an infinite liquid reservoir 393 4.2.4 Diffusive and convective crystal growth 406 4.2.5 Diffusive and convective bubble growth and dissolution 412 4.2.6 Other problems that can be treated similarly 417 4.2.7 Interplay between interface reaction and diffusion 417 4.3 Some Other Heterogeneous Reactions 418 4.3.1 Bubble growth kinetics and dynamics in beer and champagne 418 4.3.2 Dynamics of explosive volcanic eruptions 423 4.3.3 Component exchange between two contacting crystalline phases 426 4.3.4 Diffusive reequilibration of melt and fluid inclusions 430 4.3.5 Melting of two crystalline phases or reactions between them 434 4.4 Remarks About Future Research Needs 439 Problems 441 Chapter 5: Inverse Problems: Geochronology, Thermochronology, and Geospeedometry 445 5.1 Geochronology 447 5.1.1 Dating method 1: The initial number of parent nuclides may be guessed 449 5.1.2 Dating method 2: The initial number of atoms of the daughter nuclide may be guessed 461 5.1.3 Dating method 3: The isochron method 468 5.1.4 Dating method 4: Extinct nuclides for relative ages 480 5.1.5 Requirements for accurate dating 483 5.2 Thermochronology 485 5.2.1 Closure temperature and closure age 486 5.2.2 Mathematical analyses of diffusive loss and radiogenic growth 490 5.2.3 More developments on the closure temperature concept 505 5.2.4 Applications 512 5.3 Geospeedometry 516 5.3.1 Quantitative geospeedometry based on homogeneous reactions 517 5.3.2 Cooling history of anhydrous glasses based on heat capacity measurements 529 5.3.3 Geospeedometry based on diffusion and zonation in a single phase 531 5.3.4 Geospeedometry based on diffusion between two or more phases 541 5.3.5 Cooling history based on other heterogeneous reactions 547 5.3.6 Comments on various geospeedometers 553 Problems 555 Appendix 1 Entropy Production and Diffusion Matrix 561 Appendix 2 The Error Function and Related Functions 565 Appendix 3 Some Solutions to Diffusion Problems 570 Appendix 4 Diffusion Coefficients 580 Answers to Selected Problems 587 References 593 Subject Index 623
£80.75
Princeton University Press The Dynamics of Partially Molten Rock
Book Synopsis
£63.75
Princeton University Press Statistical and Thermal Physics
Book Synopsis
£71.40
John Wiley & Sons Inc Statistical Thermodynamics
Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces chemistry and chemical engineering students to molecular descriptions of thermodynamics, chemical systems, and biomolecules. Equips students with the ability to apply the method to their own systems, as today''s research is microscopic and molecular and articles are written in that language Provides ample illustrations and tables to describe rather difficult concepts Makes use of plots (charts) to help students understand the mathematics necessary for the contents Includes practice problems and answers Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Companion Website xix Symbols and Constants xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Classical Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics 1 1.2 Examples of Results Obtained from Statistical Thermodynamics 2 1.2.1 Heat Capacity of Gas of Diatomic Molecules 2 1.2.2 Heat Capacity of a Solid 3 1.2.3 Blackbody Radiation 3 1.2.4 Adsorption 4 1.2.5 Helix–Coil Transition 5 1.2.6 Boltzmann Factor 6 1.3 Practices of Notation 6 2 Review of Probability Theory 9 2.1 Probability 9 2.2 Discrete Distributions 11 2.2.1 Binomial Distribution 12 2.2.2 Poisson Distribution 13 2.2.3 Multinomial Distribution 14 2.3 Continuous Distributions 15 2.3.1 Uniform Distribution 19 2.3.2 Exponential Distribution 19 2.3.3 Normal Distribution 21 2.3.4 Distribution of a Dihedral Angle 21 2.4 Means and Variances 22 2.4.1 Discrete Distributions 22 2.4.2 Continuous Distributions 26 2.4.3 Central Limit Theorem 27 2.5 Uncertainty 28 Problems 31 3 Energy and Interactions 35 3.1 Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of Atoms and Ions 35 3.1.1 Kinetic Energy 35 3.1.2 Gravitational Potential 36 3.1.3 Ion in an Electric Field 36 3.1.4 Total Energy of Atoms and Ions 37 3.2 Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of Diatomic Molecules 37 3.2.1 Kinetic Energy (Translation, Rotation, Vibration) 37 3.2.2 Dipolar Potential 42 3.2.2.1 Potential of a Permanent Dipole 42 3.2.2.2 Potential of an Induced Dipole 44 3.3 Kinetic Energy of Polyatomic Molecules 46 3.3.1 Linear Polyatomic Molecule 46 3.3.2 Nonlinear Polyatomic Molecule 48 3.4 Interactions Between Molecules 50 3.4.1 Excluded-Volume Interaction 52 3.4.2 Coulomb Interaction 52 3.4.3 Dipole–Dipole Interaction 53 3.4.4 van der Waals Interaction 54 3.4.5 Lennard-Jones Potential 55 3.5 Energy as an Extensive Property 57 3.6 Kinetic Energy of a Gas Molecule in Quantum Mechanics 58 3.6.1 Quantization of Translational Energy 58 3.6.2 Quantization of Rotational Energy 61 3.6.3 Quantization of Vibrational Energy 63 3.6.4 Electronic Energy Levels 65 3.6.5 Comparison of Energy Level Spacings 66 Problems 67 4 Statistical Mechanics 69 4.1 Basic Assumptions, Microcanonical Ensembles, and Canonical Ensembles 69 4.1.1 Basic Assumptions 69 4.1.2 Microcanonical Ensembles 73 4.1.3 Canonical Ensembles 75 4.2 Probability Distribution in Canonical Ensembles and Partition Functions 77 4.2.1 Probability Distribution 77 4.2.2 Partition Function for a System with Discrete States 79 4.2.3 Partition Function for a System with Continuous States 81 4.2.4 Energy Levels and States 83 4.3 Internal Energy 88 4.4 Identification of 𝛽 89 4.5 Equipartition Law 91 4.6 Other Thermodynamic Functions 93 4.7 Another View of Entropy 97 4.8 Fluctuations of Energy 99 4.9 Grand Canonical Ensembles 100 4.10 Cumulants of Energy 107 Problems 110 5 Canonical Ensemble of Gas Molecules 113 5.1 Velocity of Gas Molecules 113 5.2 Heat Capacity of a Classical Gas 116 5.2.1 Point Mass 117 5.2.2 Rigid Dumbbell 117 5.2.3 Elastic Dumbbell 118 5.3 Heat Capacity of a Quantum-Mechanical Gas 120 5.3.1 General Formulas 120 5.3.2 Translation 122 5.3.3 Rotation 124 5.3.4 Vibration 127 5.3.5 Comparison with Classical Models 128 5.4 Distribution of Rotational Energy Levels 129 5.5 Conformations of a Molecule 130 Problems 132 6 Indistinguishable Particles 135 6.1 Distinguishable Particles and Indistinguishable Particles 135 6.2 Partition Function of Indistinguishable Particles 137 6.2.1 System of Distinguishable Particles 137 6.2.2 System of Indistinguishable Particles 137 6.3 Condition of Nondegeneracy 142 6.4 Significance of Division by N! 144 6.4.1 Gas in a Two-Part Box 144 6.4.2 Chemical Potential 145 6.4.3 Mixture of Two Gases 146 6.5 Indistinguishability and Center-of-Mass Movement 147 6.6 Open System of Gas 147 Problems 149 7 Imperfect Gas 153 7.1 Virial Expansion 153 7.2 Molecular Expression of Interaction in the Canonical Ensemble 157 7.3 Second Virial Coefficients in Different Models 164 7.3.1 Hard-Core Repulsion Only 164 7.3.2 Square-well Potential 165 7.3.3 Lennard-Jones Potential 167 7.4 Joule–Thomson Effect 167 Problems 171 8 Rubber Elasticity 175 8.1 Rubber 175 8.2 Polymer Chain in One Dimension 176 8.3 Polymer Chain in Three Dimensions 180 8.4 Network of Springs 184 Problems 185 9 Law of Mass Action 189 9.1 Reaction of Two Monatomic Molecules 190 9.2 Decomposition of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules 193 9.3 Isomerization 195 9.4 Method of the Steepest Descent 197 Problems 198 10 Adsorption 201 10.1 Adsorption Phenomena 201 10.2 Langmuir Isotherm 202 10.3 BET Isotherm 206 10.4 Dissociative Adsorption 211 10.5 Interaction Between Adsorbed Molecules 213 Problems 213 11 Ising Model 217 11.1 Model 217 11.2 Partition Function 220 11.2.1 One-Dimensional Ising Model 220 11.2.2 Calculating Statistical Averages 221 11.2.2.1 Average Number of Up Spins 222 11.2.2.2 Average of the Number of Spin Alterations (Number of Domains – 1) 222 11.2.2.3 Domain Size 223 11.2.2.4 Size of a Domain of Uniform Spins 223 11.2.3 A Few Examples of 1D Ising Model 223 11.2.3.1 Linear Ising Model, N = 3 223 11.2.3.2 Ring Ising Model, N = 3 225 11.2.3.3 Ring Ising Model, N = 4 225 11.3 Mean-FieldTheories 226 11.3.1 Bragg–Williams (B–W) Approximation 227 11.3.2 Flory–Huggins (F–H) Approximation 231 11.3.3 Approximation by a Mean-Field (MF) Theory 235 11.4 Exact Solution of 1D Ising Model 236 11.4.1 General Formula 236 11.4.2 Large-N Approximation 239 11.4.3 Exact Partition Function for Arbitrary N 241 11.4.4 Ring Ising Model, Arbitrary N 244 11.4.5 Comparison of the Exact Results with Those of Mean-Field Approximations 245 11.5 Variations of the Ising Model 247 11.5.1 System of Uniform Spins 247 11.5.2 Random Local Fields of Opposite Directions 249 11.5.3 Dilute Local Fields 252 Problems 254 12 Helical Polymer 263 12.1 Helix-Forming Polymer 263 12.2 Optical Rotation and Circular Dichroism 266 12.3 Pristine Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) 267 12.4 Variations to the Helical Polymer 271 12.4.1 Copolymer of Chiral and Achiral Isocyanate Monomers 272 12.4.2 Copolymer of R- and S-Enantiomers of Isocyanate 274 Problems 274 13 Helix–Coil Transition 277 13.1 Historical Background 277 13.2 Polypeptides 281 13.3 Zimm–Bragg Model 283 Problems 289 14 Regular Solutions 291 14.1 Binary Mixture of Equal-Size Molecules 291 14.1.1 Free Energy of Mixing 291 14.1.2 Derivatives of the Free Energy of Mixing 296 14.1.3 Phase Separation 300 14.2 Binary Mixture of Molecules of Different Sizes 304 Problems 312 Appendix A Mathematics 315 A.1 Hyperbolic Functions 315 A.2 Series 317 A.3 Binomial Theorem and Trinomial Theorem 317 A.4 Stirling’s formula 318 A.5 Integrals 318 A.6 Error Functions 318 A.7 Gamma Functions 319 References 321 Index 325
£73.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Book SynopsisThis textbook brings together the fundamentals of the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of thermal physics by presenting thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as complementary theories based on small numbers of postulates.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part I Elements of Thermal Physics 1 1. Fundamentals 3 1.1 PVT Systems 3 1.2 Equilibrium States 6 1.3 Processes and Heat 10 1.4 Temperature 12 1.5 Size Dependence 13 1.6 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat 14 Problems 17 2. First Law of Thermodynamics 19 2.1 Work 19 2.2 Heat 21 2.3 The First Law 21 2.4 Applications 22 Problems 26 3. Properties and Partial Derivatives 27 3.1 Conventions 27 3.2 Equilibrium Properties 28 3.3 Relationships between Properties 34 3.4 Series Expansions 40 3.5 Summary 41 Problems 42 4. Processes in Gases 45 4.1 Ideal Gases 45 4.2 Temperature Change with Elevation 48 4.3 Cyclic Processes 50 4.4 Heat Engines 52 Problems 58 5. Phase Transitions 61 5.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 61 5.2 Latent Heats 65 5.3 Van der Waals Model 67 5.4 Classification of Phase Transitions 70 Problems 72 6. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 75 6.1 Idealization and Reversibility 75 6.2 Nonequilibrium Processes and Irreversibility 76 6.3 Electrical Systems 79 6.4 Heat Conduction 82 Problems 86 Part II Foundations of Thermodynamics 89 7. Second Law of Thermodynamics 91 7.1 Energy, Heat, and Reversibility 91 7.2 Cyclic Processes 93 7.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 95 7.4 Carnot Cycles 98 7.5 Absolute Temperature 100 7.6 Applications 103 Problems 107 8. Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero 109 8.1 Temperature Scales 109 8.2 Uniform Scales and Absolute Zero 111 8.3 Other Temperature Scales 114 Problems 115 9. State Space and Differentials 117 9.1 Spaces 117 9.2 Differentials 121 9.3 Exact Versus Inexact Differentials 123 9.4 Integrating Differentials 127 9.5 Differentials in Thermodynamics 129 9.6 Discussion and Summary 134 Problems 136 10. Entropy 139 10.1 Definition of Entropy 139 10.2 Clausius’ Theorem 142 10.3 Entropy Principle 145 10.4 Entropy and Irreversibility 148 10.5 Useful Energy 151 10.6 The Third Law 155 10.7 Unattainability of Absolute Zero 156 Problems 158 Appendix 10.A. Entropy Statement of the Second Law 158 11. Consequences of Existence of Entropy 165 11.1 Differentials of Entropy and Energy 165 11.2 Ideal Gases 167 11.3 Relationships Between CV, CP, BT , BS, and αV 170 11.4 Clapeyron’s Equation 172 11.5 Maximum Entropy, Equilibrium, and Stability 174 11.6 Mixing 178 Problems 184 12. Thermodynamic Potentials 185 12.1 Internal Energy 185 12.2 Free Energies 186 12.3 Properties From Potentials 188 12.4 Systems in Contact with a Heat Reservoir 193 12.5 Minimum Free Energy 194 Problems 197 Appendix 12.A. Derivatives of Potentials 197 13. Phase Transitions and Open Systems 201 13.1 Two-Phase Equilibrium 201 13.2 Chemical Potential 206 13.3 Multi-Component Systems 211 13.4 Gibbs Phase Rule 214 13.5 Chemical Reactions 215 Problems 217 14. Dielectric and Magnetic Systems 219 14.1 Dielectrics 219 14.2 Magnetic Materials 224 14.3 Critical Phenomena 229 Problems 233 Part III Statistical Thermodynamics 235 15. Molecular Models 237 15.1 Microscopic Descriptions 237 15.2 Gas Pressure 238 15.3 Equipartition of Energy 243 15.4 Internal Energy of Solids 246 15.5 Inactive Degrees of Freedom 247 15.6 Microscopic Significance of Heat 248 Problems 253 16. Kinetic Theory of Gases 255 16.1 Velocity Distribution 255 16.2 Combinatorics 256 16.3 Method of Undetermined Multipliers 258 16.4 Maxwell Distribution 260 16.5 Mean-Free-Path 265 Problems 267 Appendix 16.A. Quantum Distributions 267 17. Microscopic Significance of Entropy 273 17.1 Boltzmann Entropy 273 17.2 Ideal Gas 274 17.3 Statistical Interpretation 278 17.4 Thermodynamic Properties 279 17.5 Boltzmann Factors 284 Problems 286 Appendix 17.A. Evaluation of I3N 286 Part IV Statistical Mechanics I 289 18. Ensembles 291 18.1 Probabilities and Averages 291 18.2 Two-Level Systems 293 18.3 Information Theory 295 18.4 Equilibrium Ensembles 298 18.5 Canonical Thermodynamics 302 18.6 Composite Systems 305 Problems 308 Appendix 18.A. Uniqueness Theorem 308 19. Partition Function 311 19.1 Hamiltonians and Phase Space 311 19.2 Model Hamiltonians 312 19.3 Classical Canonical Ensemble 316 19.4 Thermodynamic Properties and Averages 318 19.5 Ideal Gases 322 19.6 Harmonic Solids 326 Problems 328 20. Quantum Systems 331 20.1 Energy Eigenstates 331 20.2 Quantum Canonical Ensemble 333 20.3 Ideal Gases 334 20.4 Einstein Model 337 20.5 Classical Approximation 341 Problems 344 Appendix 20.A. Ideal Gas Eigenstates 344 21. Independent Particles and Paramagnetism 349 21.1 Averages 349 21.2 Statistical Independence 351 21.3 Classical Systems 353 21.4 Paramagnetism 357 21.5 Spin Systems 360 21.6 Classical Dipoles 365 Problems 367 Appendix 21.A. Negative Temperature 367 22. Fluctuations and Energy Distributions 371 22.1 Standard Deviation 371 22.2 Energy Fluctuations 375 22.3 Gibbs Paradox 376 22.4 Microcanonical Ensemble 380 22.5 Comparison of Ensembles 386 Problems 391 23. Generalizations and Diatomic Gases 393 23.1 Generalized Coordinates 393 23.2 Diatomic Gases 397 23.3 Quantum Effects 402 23.4 Density Matrices 405 23.5 Canonical Ensemble 408 Problems 410 Appendix 23.A. Classical Approximation 410 Part V Statistical Mechanics II 415 24. Photons and Phonons 417 24.1 Plane Wave Eigenstates 417 24.2 Photons 421 24.3 Harmonic Approximation 425 24.4 Phonons 429 Problems 434 25. Grand Canonical Ensemble 435 25.1 Thermodynamics of Open Systems 435 25.2 Grand Canonical Ensemble 437 25.3 Properties and Fluctuations 438 25.4 Ideal Gases 441 Problems 443 26. Fermions and Bosons 445 26.1 Identical Particles 445 26.2 Exchange Symmetry 447 26.3 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics 452 Problems 456 Appendix 26.A. Fermions in the Canonical Ensemble 457 27. Fermi and Bose Gases 461 27.1 Ideal Gases 461 27.2 Fermi Gases 465 27.3 Low Temperature Heat Capacity 466 27.4 Bose Gases 469 Problems 472 28. Interacting Systems 475 28.1 Ising Model 475 28.2 Nonideal Gases 481 Problems 487 29. Computer Simulations 489 29.1 Averages 489 29.2 Virial Formula for Pressure 490 29.3 Simulation Algorithms 496 A. Mathematical Relations, Constants, and Properties 501 A.1 Partial Derivatives 501 A.2 Integrals and Series 501 A.3 Taylor Series 502 A.4 Hyperbolic Functions 502 A.5 Fundamental Constants 503 A.6 Conversion Factors 503 A.7 Useful Formulas 503 A.8 Properties of Water 504 A.9 Properties of Materials 504 Answers to Problems 505 Index 509
£49.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Book SynopsisThis textbook brings together the fundamentals of the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of thermal physics by presenting thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as complementary theories based on small numbers of postulates.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part I Elements of Thermal Physics 1 1. Fundamentals 3 1.1 PVT Systems 3 1.2 Equilibrium States 6 1.3 Processes and Heat 10 1.4 Temperature 12 1.5 Size Dependence 13 1.6 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat 14 Problems 17 2. First Law of Thermodynamics 19 2.1 Work 19 2.2 Heat 21 2.3 The First Law 21 2.4 Applications 22 Problems 26 3. Properties and Partial Derivatives 27 3.1 Conventions 27 3.2 Equilibrium Properties 28 3.3 Relationships between Properties 34 3.4 Series Expansions 40 3.5 Summary 41 Problems 42 4. Processes in Gases 45 4.1 Ideal Gases 45 4.2 Temperature Change with Elevation 48 4.3 Cyclic Processes 50 4.4 Heat Engines 52 Problems 58 5. Phase Transitions 61 5.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 61 5.2 Latent Heats 65 5.3 Van der Waals Model 67 5.4 Classification of Phase Transitions 70 Problems 72 6. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 75 6.1 Idealization and Reversibility 75 6.2 Nonequilibrium Processes and Irreversibility 76 6.3 Electrical Systems 79 6.4 Heat Conduction 82 Problems 86 Part II Foundations of Thermodynamics 89 7. Second Law of Thermodynamics 91 7.1 Energy, Heat, and Reversibility 91 7.2 Cyclic Processes 93 7.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 95 7.4 Carnot Cycles 98 7.5 Absolute Temperature 100 7.6 Applications 103 Problems 107 8. Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero 109 8.1 Temperature Scales 109 8.2 Uniform Scales and Absolute Zero 111 8.3 Other Temperature Scales 114 Problems 115 9. State Space and Differentials 117 9.1 Spaces 117 9.2 Differentials 121 9.3 Exact Versus Inexact Differentials 123 9.4 Integrating Differentials 127 9.5 Differentials in Thermodynamics 129 9.6 Discussion and Summary 134 Problems 136 10. Entropy 139 10.1 Definition of Entropy 139 10.2 Clausius’ Theorem 142 10.3 Entropy Principle 145 10.4 Entropy and Irreversibility 148 10.5 Useful Energy 151 10.6 The Third Law 155 10.7 Unattainability of Absolute Zero 156 Problems 158 Appendix 10.A. Entropy Statement of the Second Law 158 11. Consequences of Existence of Entropy 165 11.1 Differentials of Entropy and Energy 165 11.2 Ideal Gases 167 11.3 Relationships Between CV, CP, BT , BS, and αV 170 11.4 Clapeyron’s Equation 172 11.5 Maximum Entropy, Equilibrium, and Stability 174 11.6 Mixing 178 Problems 184 12. Thermodynamic Potentials 185 12.1 Internal Energy 185 12.2 Free Energies 186 12.3 Properties From Potentials 188 12.4 Systems in Contact with a Heat Reservoir 193 12.5 Minimum Free Energy 194 Problems 197 Appendix 12.A. Derivatives of Potentials 197 13. Phase Transitions and Open Systems 201 13.1 Two-Phase Equilibrium 201 13.2 Chemical Potential 206 13.3 Multi-Component Systems 211 13.4 Gibbs Phase Rule 214 13.5 Chemical Reactions 215 Problems 217 14. Dielectric and Magnetic Systems 219 14.1 Dielectrics 219 14.2 Magnetic Materials 224 14.3 Critical Phenomena 229 Problems 233 Part III Statistical Thermodynamics 235 15. Molecular Models 237 15.1 Microscopic Descriptions 237 15.2 Gas Pressure 238 15.3 Equipartition of Energy 243 15.4 Internal Energy of Solids 246 15.5 Inactive Degrees of Freedom 247 15.6 Microscopic Significance of Heat 248 Problems 253 16. Kinetic Theory of Gases 255 16.1 Velocity Distribution 255 16.2 Combinatorics 256 16.3 Method of Undetermined Multipliers 258 16.4 Maxwell Distribution 260 16.5 Mean-Free-Path 265 Problems 267 Appendix 16.A. Quantum Distributions 267 17. Microscopic Significance of Entropy 273 17.1 Boltzmann Entropy 273 17.2 Ideal Gas 274 17.3 Statistical Interpretation 278 17.4 Thermodynamic Properties 279 17.5 Boltzmann Factors 284 Problems 286 Appendix 17.A. Evaluation of I3N 286 Part IV Statistical Mechanics I 289 18. Ensembles 291 18.1 Probabilities and Averages 291 18.2 Two-Level Systems 293 18.3 Information Theory 295 18.4 Equilibrium Ensembles 298 18.5 Canonical Thermodynamics 302 18.6 Composite Systems 305 Problems 308 Appendix 18.A. Uniqueness Theorem 308 19. Partition Function 311 19.1 Hamiltonians and Phase Space 311 19.2 Model Hamiltonians 312 19.3 Classical Canonical Ensemble 316 19.4 Thermodynamic Properties and Averages 318 19.5 Ideal Gases 322 19.6 Harmonic Solids 326 Problems 328 20. Quantum Systems 331 20.1 Energy Eigenstates 331 20.2 Quantum Canonical Ensemble 333 20.3 Ideal Gases 334 20.4 Einstein Model 337 20.5 Classical Approximation 341 Problems 344 Appendix 20.A. Ideal Gas Eigenstates 344 21. Independent Particles and Paramagnetism 349 21.1 Averages 349 21.2 Statistical Independence 351 21.3 Classical Systems 353 21.4 Paramagnetism 357 21.5 Spin Systems 360 21.6 Classical Dipoles 365 Problems 367 Appendix 21.A. Negative Temperature 367 22. Fluctuations and Energy Distributions 371 22.1 Standard Deviation 371 22.2 Energy Fluctuations 375 22.3 Gibbs Paradox 376 22.4 Microcanonical Ensemble 380 22.5 Comparison of Ensembles 386 Problems 391 23. Generalizations and Diatomic Gases 393 23.1 Generalized Coordinates 393 23.2 Diatomic Gases 397 23.3 Quantum Effects 402 23.4 Density Matrices 405 23.5 Canonical Ensemble 408 Problems 410 Appendix 23.A. Classical Approximation 410 Part V Statistical Mechanics II 415 24. Photons and Phonons 417 24.1 Plane Wave Eigenstates 417 24.2 Photons 421 24.3 Harmonic Approximation 425 24.4 Phonons 429 Problems 434 25. Grand Canonical Ensemble 435 25.1 Thermodynamics of Open Systems 435 25.2 Grand Canonical Ensemble 437 25.3 Properties and Fluctuations 438 25.4 Ideal Gases 441 Problems 443 26. Fermions and Bosons 445 26.1 Identical Particles 445 26.2 Exchange Symmetry 447 26.3 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics 452 Problems 456 Appendix 26.A. Fermions in the Canonical Ensemble 457 27. Fermi and Bose Gases 461 27.1 Ideal Gases 461 27.2 Fermi Gases 465 27.3 Low Temperature Heat Capacity 466 27.4 Bose Gases 469 Problems 472 28. Interacting Systems 475 28.1 Ising Model 475 28.2 Nonideal Gases 481 Problems 487 29. Computer Simulations 489 29.1 Averages 489 29.2 Virial Formula for Pressure 490 29.3 Simulation Algorithms 496 A. Mathematical Relations, Constants, and Properties 501 A.1 Partial Derivatives 501 A.2 Integrals and Series 501 A.3 Taylor Series 502 A.4 Hyperbolic Functions 502 A.5 Fundamental Constants 503 A.6 Conversion Factors 503 A.7 Useful Formulas 503 A.8 Properties of Water 504 A.9 Properties of Materials 504 Answers to Problems 505 Index 509
£117.75
John Wiley & Sons Inc A Conceptual Guide to Thermodynamics
Book SynopsisThermodynamics is the science that describes the behavior of matter at the macroscopic scale, and how this arises from individual molecules. As such, it is a subject of profound practical and fundamental importance to many science and engineering fields.Trade Review“Useful for students and professionals in numerous areas, including biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. . . Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” (Choice, 1 April 2015)Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii Textbook Guide xv 0.1 List of Thermodynamics Textbooks by Discipline xv 0.2 Terminology and Notation Used in This Book xvi 0.3 Terminology and Notation Used in Textbooks xviii 1 About This Book 1 1.1 Who Should Use This Book? 2 1.2 Philosophy of This Book 3 1.3 Four Core Concepts of Thermodynamics 3 1.4 How to Use This Book 5 I Equilibrium 2 Philosophy of Thermodynamics 11 2.1 Thermodynamics 11 2.2 Scientific Models & Laws 12 2.3 Statistical Mechanics 14 3 Thermodynamic States, Variables & Quantities 17 3.1 Thermodynamic Variables & Quantities 17 3.2 More on Thermodynamic Quantities 19 3.3 Thermodynamic & Molecular States 20 4 Zeroth Law & Thermodynamic Equilibrium 23 4.1 Equation of State 23 4.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 26 4.3 Zeroth Law 27 4.4 Ideal Gases & Non-ideal Systems 29 II Energy 5 Molecular Energy, Internal Energy, & Temperature 33 5.1 Energy at the Molecular Scale 33 5.2 Internal Energy 35 5.3 Intermolecular Interactions & the Kinetic Model 37 5.4 Equipartition Theorem & Temperature 38 6 Boltzmann Distribution & the Kinetic Model 41 6.1 Boltzmann Distribution 41 6.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution 42 6.3 Maxwell Distribution of Speeds 44 III Thermodynamic Change 7 First Law & Thermodynamic Change 49 7.1 System & Surroundings 49 7.2 Thermodynamic Change 50 7.3 First Law 52 8 Work, Heat, & Reversible Change 55 8.1 State Functions & Path Functions 55 8.2 Definition of Work 57 8.3 Definition of Heat 59 8.4 Reversible & Irreversible Change 60 8.5 A Gas Expansion Example 62 9 Partial Derivative Quantities 65 9.1 Internal Energy & Heat Capacity at Constant Volume 66 9.2 Enthalpy & Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure 67 9.3 Other Partial Derivative Quantities 70 9.4 Partial Derivatives & Differentials 71 IV Entropy 10 Entropy & Information Theory 77 10.1 Why Does Entropy Seem So Complicated? 77 10.2 Entropy as Unknown Molecular Information 79 10.3 Amount of Information 80 10.4 Application to Thermodynamics 84 11 Entropy & Ideal Gas 87 11.1 Measuring Our Molecular Ignorance 87 11.2 Volume Contribution to Entropy 88 11.3 Temperature Contribution to Entropy 91 11.4 Combined Entropy Expression 92 11.5 Entropy, Heat, & Reversible Adiabatic Expansion 94 12 Second Law & Spontaneous Irreversible Change 97 12.1 Heat Engines & Thermodynamic Cycles 97 12.2 Traditional Statements of the Second Law 98 12.3 Entropy Statement of the Second Law 99 12.4 Information Statement of the Second Law 100 12.5 Maximum Entropy & the Clausius Inequality 103 13 Third Law, Carnot Cycle, & Absolute Entropy 107 13.1 Entropy & Reversible Change 107 13.2 Carnot Cycle & Absolute Zero Temperature 109 13.3 Third Law & Absolute Entropy 111 V Free Energy 14 Free Energy & Exergy 115 14.1 What Would Happen If Entropy Were a Variable? 116 14.2 Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energies 117 14.3 Second Law & Maximum Work 119 14.4 Exergy 121 15 Chemical Potential, Fugacity, & Open Systems 123 15.1 What Would Happen If n Were a Variable? 123 15.2 Chemical Potential 125 15.3 Ideal Gas & Fugacity 126 VI Applications 16 Crazy Gay-Lussac’s Gas Expansion Emporium 131 16.1 Sales Pitch 131 16.2 How to Solve Gas Expansion Problems 132 16.3 Comprehensive Compendium 135 17 Electronic Emporium: Free Online Shopping! 139 VII Appendices Appendix A: Beards Gone Wild! Facial Hair & the Founding Fathers of Thermodynamics 143 Appendix B: Thermodynamics, Abolitionism, & Sha Na Na 147 Appendix C: Thermodynamics & the Science of Steampunk 149 Steampunk Gallery 151 Travel Try Its 153 Photo Credits 155 Index 159
£34.15
Momentum Press Graphical Thermodynamics and Ideal Gas Power Cycles: Ideal Gas Thermodynamics in Brief
Book SynopsisIn this book, an almost new approach to modern thermodynamics has been applied. One or more useful qualitative discussion statements have been extracted from each equation. These and other important statements were numbered and their titles were situated in an index titled ""Hilal and Others' statements, definitions and rules."" This ensures very quick obtaining of the required statements, rules, definitions, equations, and their theoretical base that will ease readers qualitative discussions and calculations.
£38.66
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy and Mass Transfers: Balance Sheet Approach
Book SynopsisThis is the first book of a series aiming at setting the basics for energy engineering. This book presents the fundamentals of heat and mass transfer with a step-by-step approach, based on material and energy balances. While the topic of heat and mass transfer is an old subject, the way the book introduces the concepts, linking them strongly to the real world and to the present concerns, is particular. The scope of the different developments keeps in mind a practical energy engineering view.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Basic Concepts and Balances 1 1.1. Thermal energy and the first law of thermodynamics 1 1.2. Thermal energy and the second law of thermodynamics 2 1.3. For an energy and mass accounting: balances 3 1.3.1. Accounting principles for system inputs and outputs 4 1.3.2. Accumulation in the system 8 1.3.3. Generation in a system 11 1.3.4. Balance equation 15 1.4. Fluxes and flux densities 20 1.4.1. Energy fluxes 20 1.4.2. Mass fluxes 20 1.4.3. Flux densities 20 1.5. Operating states 25 1.5.1. Steady state 25 1.5.2. Transient state 25 1.6. Transfer area 28 1.6.1. What does the transfer area represent? 28 1.6.2. Illustration: transfer area in a heat exchanger 28 1.6.3. Illustration: transfer area inferred from a technical drawing 30 1.7. Driving potential difference 31 1.7.1. Heat transfer potential difference 32 1.7.2. Mass transfer potential difference 34 1.8. Exercises and solutions 38 1.9. Reading: seawater desalination 75 1.9.1. Level of purification 75 1.9.2. Water sources used 76 1.9.3. Water characteristics according to the source 76 1.9.4. Several techniques 76 1.9.5. Energy cost: the decisive factor 76 1.9.6. A promising outlook 77 Chapter 2. Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer 79 2.1. Introduction 79 2.2. Mechanism and law of conduction 79 2.3. Mechanism and law of convection 83 2.3.1. Examples 83 2.3.2. Law of convection 84 2.3.3. Forced convection versus natural convection 84 2.4. Radiation transfer mechanism 85 2.4.1. Correction to take account of the nature of the surface 87 2.4.2. Geometric correction: the view factor 87 2.4.3. Radiation transfer between black surfaces under total influence 89 2.4.4. Radiation transfer between black surfaces in arbitrary positions 90 2.4.5. Radiation transfer between gray surfaces in arbitrary positions 91 2.5. Exercises and solutions 92 2.6. Reading: Joseph Fourier 112 Chapter 3. Mass Transfer Mechanisms and Processes 115 3.1. Introduction 115 3.2. Classification of mass transfer mechanisms 116 3.3. Transfer mechanisms in single-phase systems 117 3.3.1. The vacancy mechanism 117 3.3.2. The interstitial mechanism 118 3.3.3. Random walk 118 3.3.4. The kinetic model 118 3.3.5. The quantum model 120 3.4. Mass transfer processes in single-phase media 122 3.4.1. Transfer under the action of a concentration gradient: osmosis 122 3.4.2. Transfer under the action of a pressure gradient: ultrafiltration 127 3.4.3. Dialysis 134 3.4.4. Thermal gradient diffusion 139 3.4.5. Diffusion by a gradient of force: centrifugation 141 3.4.6. Electromagnetic diffusion 143 3.4.7. Laminar flux transfer 144 3.4.8. Laser transfer 145 3.4.9. Transfer under the action of an electric field: electrodialysis 146 3.5. Mechanisms and processes in two-phase media 154 3.5.1. Distillation 154 3.5.2. Absorption mass transfer 165 3.6. Exercises and solutions 176 3.7. Reading: uranium enrichment 217 3.7.1. Uranium as a fuel 217 3.7.2. Uranium in nature 217 3.7.3. Natural-uranium reactors 217 3.7.4. Pressurized-water reactors 218 3.7.5. Fast-neutron reactors 218 3.7.6. Classification of uranium enrichments 218 3.7.7. Uranium enrichment processes 219 3.7.8. The uranium enrichment industry 219 Chapter 4. Dimensional Analysis 221 4.1. Introduction 221 4.2. Basic dimensions 222 4.3. Dimensions of derived magnitudes 222 4.4. Dimensional analysis of an expression 225 4.4.1. Illustration: determining the dimensions of λ 225 4.4.2. Illustration: determining the dimensions of h 225 4.5. Unit systems and conversions 226 4.5.1. Illustration: dimensions and units of energy 227 4.5.2. Illustration: units of heat conductivity λ 227 4.5.3. Illustration: units of the convective transfer coefficient h 228 4.6. Dimensionless numbers 229 4.6.1. The Reynolds number 230 4.6.2. The Nusselt number 231 4.6.3. The Prandtl number 231 4.6.4. The Peclet number 231 4.6.5. The Grashof number 232 4.6.6. The Rayleigh number 233 4.6.7. The Stanton number 233 4.6.8. The Graetz number 234 4.6.9. The Biot number 234 4.6.10. The Fourier number 234 4.6.11. The Elenbaas number 235 4.6.12. The Froude number 235 4.6.13. The Euler number 236 4.7. Developing correlations through dimensional analysis 239 4.8. Rayleigh’s method 241 4.8.1. Illustration: applying Rayleigh’s method 242 4.8.2. Illustration: verifying Fourier’s law by applying Rayleigh’s method 245 4.9. Buckingham’s method 247 4.9.1. Illustration: applying the Buckingham π theorem 248 4.10. Exercises and solutions 251 4.11. Reading: Osborne Reynolds and Ludwig Prandtl 294 4.11.1. Osborne Reynolds 294 4.11.2. Ludwig Prandtl 296 Appendix 299 Bibliography 315 Index 325
£125.06
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy Transfers by Convection
Book SynopsisWhether in a solar thermal power plant or at the heart of a nuclear reactor, convection is an important mode of energy transfer. This mode is unique; it obeys specific rules and correlations that constitute one of the bases of equipment-sizing equations. In addition to standard aspects of convention, this book examines transfers at very high temperatures where, in order to ensure the efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications, it is becoming necessary to use particular heat carriers, such as molten salts, liquid metals or nanofluids. With modern technologies, these situations are becoming more frequent, requiring appropriate consideration in design calculations. Energy Transfers by Convection also studies the sizing of electronic heat sinks used to ensure the dissipation of heat and thus the optimal operation of circuit boards used in telecommunications, audio equipment, avionics and computers. Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Methods for Determining Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Characterizing the motion of a fluid 1 1.3 Transfer coefficients and flow regimes 3 1.4 Using dimensional analysis 4 1.4.1 Dimensionless numbers used in convection 4 1.4.2 Dimensional analysis applications in convection 7 1.5 Using correlations to calculate h 12 1.5.1 Correlations for flows in forced convection 14 1.5.2 Correlations for flows in natural convection 14 Chapter 2 Forced Convection Inside Cylindrical Pipes 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Correlations in laminar flow 15 2.2.1 Reminders regarding laminar-flow characteristics inside a pipe 16 2.2.2 Differential energy balance 17 2.2.3 Illustration: transportation of phosphate slurry in a cylindrical pipe 22 2.2.4 Correlations for laminar flow at pipe entrance 25 2.3 Correlations in transition zone 30 2.4 Correlations in turbulent flow 30 2.4.1 Dittus–Boelter–McAdams relation. 31 2.4.2 Colburn–Seider–Tate relation 32 2.4.3 Illustration: improving transfer by switching to turbulent flow 33 2.4.4 Specific correlations in turbulent flow 34 2.4.5 Illustration: industrial-grade cylindrical pipe 38 2.5 Dimensional correlations for air and water 39 Chapter 3 Forced Convection Inside Non-Cylindrical Pipes 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Concept of hydraulic diameter. 43 3.3 Hydraulic Nusselt and Reynolds numbers 45 3.4 Correlations in established laminar flow 45 3.4.1 Pipes with rectangular or square cross-sections in laminar flow 45 3.4.2 Pipes presenting an elliptical cross-section in laminar flow 46 3.4.3 Pipes presenting a triangular cross-section in laminar flow 47 3.4.4 Illustration: air-conditioning duct design 48 3.4.5 Annular pipes with laminar flow 51 3.5 Correlations in turbulent flow for non-cylindrical pipes 57 3.5.1 Pipes with rectangular or square cross-sections in turbulent flow 57 3.5.2 Pipes with elliptical or triangular cross-sections in turbulent flow 58 3.5.3 Illustration: design imposes the flow regime 60 3.5.4 Annular pipes in turbulent flow 62 Chapter 4 Forced Convection Outside Pipes or Around Objects 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Flow outside a cylindrical pipe 70 4.3 Correlations for the stagnation region 71 4.4 Correlations beyond the stagnation zone 72 4.5 Forced convection outside non-cylindrical pipes 72 4.5.1 Pipes with a square cross-section area 72 4.5.2 Pipes presenting an elliptical cross-section area 74 4.5.3 Pipes presenting a hexagonal cross-section area 74 4.6 Forced convection above a horizontal plate 76 4.6.1 Plate at constant temperature 76 4.6.2 Plate with constant flow density 77 4.7 Forced convection around non-cylindrical objects 79 4.7.1 Forced convection around a plane parallel to the flow 79 4.7.2 Forced convection around a sphere 80 4.8 Convective transfers between falling films and pipes 80 4.8.1 Vertical tubes 81 4.8.2 Horizontal tubes 82 4.9 Forced convection in coiled pipes 83 4.9.1 Convection heat transfer coefficient inside the coil 84 4.9.2 Convection heat transfer coefficient with the outer wall of the coil 85 4.9.3 Convection heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the tank 87 Chapter 5 Natural Convection Heat Transfer 89 5.1 Introduction 89 5.2 Characterizing the motion of natural convection 89 5.3 Correlations in natural convection 91 5.4 Vertical plates subject to natural convection 92 5.5 Inclined plates subject to natural convection 94 5.6 Horizontal plates subject to natural convection 95 5.6.1 Case of underfloor heating 95 5.6.2 Ceiling cooling systems 96 5.7 Vertical cylinders subject to natural convection 97 5.8 Horizontal cylinders subject to natural convection 98 5.9 Spheres subject to natural convection 99 5.10 Vertical conical surfaces subject to natural convection 100 5.11 Any surface subject to natural convection 101 5.12 Chambers limited by parallel surfaces 101 5.12.1 Correlation of Hollands et al. for horizontal chambers 103 5.12.2 Correlation of El-Sherbiny et al. for vertical chambers 104 5.13 Inclined-plane chambers 105 5.13.1 For large aspect ratios and low-to-moderate inclinations 105 5.13.2 For lower aspect ratios and inclinations below the critical inclination 106 5.13.3 For lower aspect ratios and inclinations greater than the critical inclination 106 5.14 Chambers limited by two concentric cylinders 107 5.15 Chambers limited by two concentric spheres 109 5.16 Simplified correlations for natural convection in air 111 5.16.1 Vertical cylinder or plane under natural convection in air 111 5.16.2 Horizontal cylinder or plane under natural convection in air. 111 5.16.3 Horizontal plane under natural convection in air 112 5.16.4 Sphere under natural convection in air 112 5.16.5 Circuit boards under natural convection in air 112 5.16.6 Electronic components or cables under natural convection in air 113 5.17 Finned surfaces: heat sinks in electronic systems 113 5.17.1 Dissipation systems 114 5.17.2 Thermal resistance of a heat sink 115 5.18 Optimizing the thermal resistance of a heat sink 117 5.18.1 Determining the heat-sink/air heat transfer coefficient 119 5.18.2 Calculating the optimum spacing between fins 120 5.18.3 Practical expression 120 5.18.4 Calculating the evacuated heat flux 120 5.18.5 Implementation algorithm 120 5.18.6 Illustration: optimum design of a heat sink 122 5.19 Optimum circuit-board assembly 125 5.19.1 Calculating the optimum spacing between electronic boards 126 5.19.2 Heat transfer coefficient between electronic boards and air 126 5.19.3 Calculating the evacuated heat flux 127 5.19.4 Implementation algorithm 127 5.19.5 Illustration: optimum evacuation of heat generated by electronic boards 129 5.20 Superimposed forced and natural convections 130 5.20.1 Vertical-tube scenario: Martinelli-Boelter correlation 131 5.20.2 Horizontal-tube scenario: Proctor-Eubank correlation 132 5.20.3 Cylinders, disks or spheres in rotation 133 Chapter 6 Convection in Nanofluids, Liquid Metals and Molten Salts 137 6.1 Introduction 137 6.2 Transfers in nanofluids 138 6.2.1 Physical data 139 6.2.2 Nanofluids circulating in tubes 142 6.2.3 Nanofluids circulating within annular pipes 144 6.2.4 Superposition of natural and forced convections in nanofluids 145 6.3 Transfers in liquid metals 146 6.3.1 Physical data 146 6.3.2 Liquid metals in forced convection within cylindrical pipes 147 6.3.3 Liquid metals in forced convection within an annular space 147 6.3.4 Liquid metals flowing along a horizontal plane 149 6.3.5 Liquid metals in forced convection between two parallel planes 149 6.3.6 Liquid metals subject to natural convection 149 6.4 Transfers in molten salts 150 6.4.1 Physical data 150 6.4.2 Molten salts under forced convection in laminar flow within cylindrical pipes 151 6.4.3 Molten salts under forced convection in the transition zone within cylindrical pipes 152 6.4.4 Molten salts under forced convection in turbulent flow within cylindrical pipes 153 6.5 Reading: Eugène Péclet and Lord Rayleigh 154 6.5.1 Eugène Péclet 154 6.5.2 Lord Rayleigh 155 Chapter 7 Exercises and Solutions 157 Appendices 321 Appendix 1 Database 323 Appendix 2 Regressions 385 Bibliography 389 Index 403
£125.06
ISTE Ltd Design and Calculation of Heat Exchangers
Book SynopsisThe last few decades have seen huge developments in the use of concentrated solar power plants, communications technologies (mobile telephony and 5G networks), the nuclear sector with its small modular reactors and concentrated solar power stations. These developments have called for a new generation of heat exchangers. As well as presenting conventional heat exchangers (shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers), their design techniques and calculation algorithms, Heat Exchangers introduces new-generation compact heat exchangers, including printed circuit heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, spiral heat exchangers, cross-flow tube-fin heat exchangers, phase-change micro-exchangers, spray coolers, heat pipe heat exchangers and evaporation chambers. This new generation of heat exchangers is currently undergoing a boom, with applications in on-board equipment in aircraft, locomotives, space shuttles and mobile phones, where the volume of the equipment is one of the most important design parameters.
£113.40
Momentum Press Thermal Management of Electronics, Volume I: Phase Change Material-Based Composite Heat Sinks - An Experimental Approach
Book SynopsisPhase change material (PCM)-based composite heat sinks have attracted great interest in recent decades, especially in the context of thermal management of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, and notebooks. In this monograph, a detailed analysis of plate fin heat sinks and plate fin heat sink matrix is presented, based on in-house experiments. Performance benchmarks are articulated and presented for these heat sinks. The state of the art in the development of PCM-based heat sinks and the challenges are outlined, and directions on future development are provided. It is our sincere hope and trust that this book will not only be informative but also awaken curiosity and inspire thermal management solution seekers to delve deep into the ocean of research in PCM-based heat sinks and discover their own pearls and diamonds.
£38.66
Momentum Press Thermal Management of Electronics, Volume II: Phase Change Material-Based Composite Heat Sinks - An Experimental Approach
Book SynopsisPhase change material (PCM)-based composite heat sinks have attracted great interest in recent decades, especially in the context of thermal management of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, and notebooks. In this monograph, a detailed analysis of plate fin heat sinks and plate fin heat sink matrix is presented, based on in-house experiments. Performance benchmarks are articulated and presented for these heat sinks. The state of the art in the development of PCM-based heat sinks and the challenges are outlined, and directions on future development are provided. It is our sincere hope and trust that this book will not only be informative but also awaken curiosity and inspire thermal management solution seekers to delve deep into the ocean of research in PCM-based heat sinks and discover their own pearls and diamonds.
£38.66
Springer International Publishing AG Thermal and Statistical Physics: Concepts and
Book SynopsisThis textbook presents the fundamental concepts and theories in thermal physics and elementary statistical mechanics in a very simple, systematic and comprehensive way. This book is written in a way that it presents the topics in a holistic manner with end-of-chapter exercises and examples where concepts are supported by numerous solved examples and multiple-choice questions to aid self-learning. The textbook also contains illustrated diagrams for better understanding of the concepts. The book will benefit students who are taking introductory courses in thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Laws of Thermodynamics.- Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy.- Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations.- Kinetic Theory of Gases.- Real Gases.- Applications to Some Irreversible Changes, Cooling of Real Gases.- Theory of Radiation.- Elementary Statistical Mechanics.
£42.74
Springer International Publishing AG Thermodynamics and Equilibria in Earth System
Book SynopsisThis introduction to thermodynamics and equilibria aims to provide the basic concepts of relevance for atmospheric, marine, climate, and environmental sciences and to prepare students for more advanced classes in physical chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology.This is an open access book.
£42.74
De Gruyter Thermal Analysis and Thermodynamics: In Materials Science
Book SynopsisThis introduction to thermodynamics discusses typical phase diagrams features and presents the wide range of techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetry and others. In the last part the author brings many examples for typical practical problems often solved by thermal analysis. As an instructive guideline for practitioners the work reveals the connection between experimental data and theoretical model and vice versa.
£62.10
Springer International Publishing AG Brownian Motion: Elements of Colloid Dynamics
Book SynopsisThis textbook is an introduction to the Brownian motion of colloids and nano-particles, and the diffusion of molecules. One very appealing aspect of Brownian motion, as this book illustrates, is that the subject connects a broad variety of topics, including thermal physics, hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics, fluctuation phenomena, statistical thermodynamics, osmosis and colloid science. The book is based on a set of lecture notes that the authors used for an undergraduate course at the University of Utrecht, Netherland. It aims to provide more than a simplified qualitative description of the subject, without getting bogged down in difficult mathematics. Each chapter contains exercises, ranging from straightforward ones to more involved problems, addressing instances from (thermal motion in) chemistry, physics and life sciences. Exercises also deal with derivations or calculations that are skipped in the main text. The book offers a treatment of Brownian motion on a level appropriate for bachelor/undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, soft matter and the life sciences. PhD students attending courses and doing research in colloid science or soft matter will also benefit from this book.Table of Contents
£52.24
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Starthilfe Thermodynamik
Book SynopsisDiese Starthilfe erleichtert den Studierenden an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen den Einstieg in das Fachgebiet und das Verständnis für thermodynamische Aufgabenstellungen. Sie beschränkt sich bewusst auf die wesentlichen Grundlagen, die erfahrungsgemäß die meisten Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Thematische Schwerpunkte sind das Zustandsverhalten einfacher Systeme, die thermodynamischen Hauptsätze und ihre technischen Anwendungen bis hin zu den Kreisprozessen. Die der Thermodynamik eigene Betrachtung von Systemen und die Bilanzierung der Erhaltungsgrößen an ihnen bilden den Leitfaden durch den Text. Die exakte und verständliche Darstellung wird durch die Lösung zahlreicher Beispiele anschaulich unterstützt. Das Buch eignet sich damit auch für die Vorbereitung auf Klausuren und Prüfungen.Table of ContentsThermodynamische Grundbegriffe - Zustandsverhalten einfacher Systeme - Thermodynamische Hauptsätze - Zustandsänderungen perfekter Gase - Bilanzierung offener Systeme - Technische Anwendungen - Kreisprozesse und Energiewandlung
£18.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Energiehandbuch: Gewinnung, Wandlung und Nutzung
Book SynopsisSchnell und bequem auffindbare, wissenschaftlich fundierte, somit verlässliche, neutrale und umfassende Information zu modernen Energietechnologien stellt dieses Handbuch bereit. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Aspekte, jedoch auch Ökonomie, Ökologie und Gesellschaft werden angemessen berücksichtigt. Das Werk wendet sich vor allem an Studenten, Wissenschaftler und Fachleute aus Naturwissenschaft und Technik, die sich in bestimmte Themen einlesen oder nur rasch etwas nachschlagen wollen. Es ist jedoch so verständlich geschrieben, dass es sich auch den mit Energiefragestellungen befassten Nicht-Technikern erschließt. Dem Herausgeber ist ein Werk "aus einem Guss" gelungen, wobei es von der detaillierten Fachkenntnis zahlreicher namhafter Beitragsautoren profitiert.Table of ContentsPrinzipielles zur Energie, zu ihren Formen, ihrer Umformung und Nutzung.- Energievorräte, Energiegewinnung und Engergiebedarf.- Energiewandlung - Methoden der Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung.- Speichern und transportieren von Energie.- Effiziente Energieanwendung.- Energie, Umwelt, Gesellschaft.- Energie im 21. Jahrhundert - Zukunftsperspektiven.
£98.99
Springer Elements and Binary Systems from AgAI to AuTI
Book SynopsisThe present subvolume IV/19B1 contains evaluated data for elements and Binary Systems from Ag-Al to Au-Tl appearing in alphabetic order of the elements in the chemical formulae. The volume is accompanied by a CD, which allows computer calculation of a range of solution properties for selected temperature and phase composition ranges for the systems presented in that particular volume. Graphical representations, including the calculated phase diagram for each system, are also possible. Information on more comprehensive software, allowing complex equilibrium calculations involving both pure substances and solution phases of different types (e.g. slags, salt systems, aqueous solutions, etc.), can be obtained from SGTE members. A list of the SGTE membership is presented in the cover pages of this volume.
£449.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Verfahrenstechnik mit EXCEL: Verfahrenstechnische
Book SynopsisIn diesem Lehrbuch werden die Grundlagen im Umgang mit Excel-VBA, von der Erstellung von Makros über beispielhafte Anwendungen des Solvers bis zur Erstellung von benutzerdefinierten Funktionen, Schritt für Schritt dargestellt. Dabei werden wertvolle Tipps zur Gestaltung und Dokumentation von Excel-Berechnungsblättern gegeben. Auf dieser Basis erfolgt die angeleitete Erstellung von Flash-Berechnungen realer Dampf-Flüssig- und Flüssig-Flüssig-Gleichgewichte. Die wichtigsten Grundoperationen der Thermischen Verfahrenstechnik werden in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln verständlich und strukturiert behandelt: Ausgehend von den Phasengleichgewichten und Erhaltungsgleichungen erfolgt die Herleitung der Berechnungsgleichungen und darauf aufbauend die Erstellung von Excel-Berechnungsblättern zur Lösung der praxisnahen Aufgabenstellungen. Zusätzlich werden u. a. die Auslegung von Anlagen zur Flüssigkeitsförderung und Partikelsysteme behandelt.Table of ContentsExcel mit VBA für verfahrenstechnische Anwendungen.- Thermodynamik der Gemische.- Batch-Destillation, Batch-Rektifikation.- Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion.- Absorption.- Auslegung von Packungskolonnen.- Rektifikation.- Zustände feuchter Luft und Trocknungsprozesse im h,X-Diagramm.- Förderung inkompressibler Fluide.- Partikelsysteme.
£37.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Ach, so ist das!: 50 thermofluiddynamische
Book SynopsisWarum kann man einen Raum nicht mit einem Kühlschrank abkühlen? Oder: Die Kunst ein Steak richtig zu braten. 50 thermofluiddynamische Alltagsphänomene werden nach folgendem Schema einheitlich behandelt: Beschreibung des Phänomens / Prinzipielle Erklärung / Weitergehende Betrachtungen. Ein ausführliches Glossar hilft beim physikalischen Verständnis der Fachbegriffe.Trade Review“... Leser allgemein verständlich an das Thema heran und gibt ihnen aufschlussreiches Wissen an die Hand. Anschließend geht der Autor zu weiterführenden Betrachtungen über, bei denen er zunehmend Formeln und Fachbegriffe verwendet. Mit diesen Passagen spricht er eher Naturwissenschaftler und Ingenieure an, die über einschlägige Vorkenntnisse verfügen. Am Ende des Buchs erklärt Herwig die verwendeten Fachwörter in einem Glossar.” (MARIA LUBS, in: Spektrum Der Wissenschaft, April 2015)“... Das Buch regt zum Hinterfragen von Vorgängen und zur Anwendung des erworbenen Wissens auf andere als in der Ausbildung häufig verwendete Beispiele an. ... kann allen, die naturwissenschaftlich und technisch interessiert sind, empfohlen werden.“ (Bernd Platzer, in: ZAMM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Jg. 95, Heft 4, 2015)“... ein ausführliches Glossar ... Viele der Phänomene werden dem Leser vertraut sein – dies macht den Reiz des Buches aus. Er bekommt verständliche und doch hinreichend tiefgehende Erklärungen für bekannte Effekte und kann gleichzeitig sein Verständnis für die Fluiddynamik verbessern ...” (in: MM MaschinenMarkt, maschinenmarkt.vogel.de, 9. Februar 2015)“... Das Buch wendet sich nicht nur an Studierende technischer Fächer, sondern auch an den Interessierten Laien ...“ (in: f+h Fördern und Heben, Heft 1-2, 2015)Table of ContentsKategorien: Haus und Garten.- Speisen und Getränke.- Reisen und Freizeit.- Energie und Umwelt.
£61.74
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Energie ist nicht erneuerbar: Eine Einführung in
Book SynopsisWolfgang Osterhage stellt die für eine praktische Energiegewinnung erforderlichen Kenntnisse der Strömungsmechanik und des Elektromagnetismus vor. Er baut seine Grundlagenüberlegungen auf den beiden Hauptsätzen der Thermodynamik auf, die besagen: Es kann an Energie nichts hinzugefügt und nichts hinweg genommen werden. Und: Wir verlieren bei jeder Umwandlung nutzbare Energie. Der Autor behandelt zudem Energiebilanzen, die Konzepte von Anergie und Exergie sowie die Rolle der Entropie in physikalischen Prozessen.Table of ContentsWas steht uns seit dem Urknall an Gesamtenergie und Masse zur Verfügung?.- 1. und 2. Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik.- Strömungsmechanik und Elektromagnetismus.
£11.77
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Steuergerätetaugliche Verbrennungsoptimierung mit
Book SynopsisMichael Temmler zeigt, dass eine steuergerätetaugliche Verbrennungsoptimierung funktioniert. Dabei dienen physikalische Modellansätze zur Abbildung des Motorverhaltens. Die Kombination aus Verbrennungs-, Emissions- und Ladungswechselmodellen sowie nichtlinearen Optimierungsverfahren ermöglicht eine Individualisierung der Motorsteuerung am jeweiligen Verbrennungsmotor während seiner Laufzeit. Eine neue Steuergerätearchitektur unterstützt ein Ersetzen der zentralen Motorsteuerung durch ein System dezentraler gekapselter Einheiten, in denen die Verbrennungsoptimierung enthalten ist.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Stand der Technik.- Theoretische Grundlagen.- Entwicklungssysteme, Messdatenerfassung und -auswertung.- Motormanagement der verteilten Systeme.- Modellbasierte Beschreibung des Arbeitsprozesses.- Steuerger¨ atetaugliche Optimierung.- Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick.
£49.49
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Regenerative Energien im Gebäude nutzen: Wärme-
Book SynopsisDieses Fachbuch gibt eine kompakte Übersicht über regenerative Systeme zur Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung. Einbindungs- und Automatisierungsschemata ermöglichen einen schnellen Überblick. Es werden die Grundlagen zum Regelverhalten von Systemen zur regenerativen Energienutzung dargestellt. Praxisbeispiele zeigen anschaulich Standardlösungen zur Einbindung von regenerativen Energiequellen.Table of ContentsEinführung in die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen.- Grundlagen der Nutzung regenerativer Energiequellen in Gebäuden.- Energiebereitstellung aus regenerativen Energiequellen.- Speichersysteme.- Automation von Systemen zur Wärme- und Kältebereitstellung aus regenerativen Energiequellen.- Funktionsüberwachung und Ertragskontrolle.- Automationsgeräte und deren Anbindung an die Gebäudeautomation.
£31.34
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Thermomanagement von
Book SynopsisHannes Hopp erläutert die Notwendigkeit zur Kühlung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien im Fahrzeug und stellt eine simulative Methode zur Prognose von Batterietemperaturen und der Wechselwirkung mit dem Kühlsystem im Fahrzeugverbund vor. Im Simulationsverbund bildet das Batteriemodell die zentrale Komponente. Aufbauend auf bestehenden Modellierungsansätzen untersucht der Autor die Abwärmecharakteristik der Batterie aus Einzelzellmessungen und überführt sie in ein modulares Simulationsmodell. Die Ergebnisse seiner Studie unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit zur engen Verzahnung von simulativen und experimentellen Werkzeugen in der Fahrzeugentwicklung. Die gekoppelte Simulation stellt eine zielführende Methode zur Bewertung der thermischen und elektrischen Interaktion in einem elektrifizierten Fahrzeug dar.Table of ContentsStand der Technik und Grundlagen von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien.- Simulationsmodelle – Aufbau und Funktion.- Experimentelle Untersuchungen und Validierung.- Thermisches Systemverhalten unter Reichweitenaspekten und im Rennstreckenbetrieb.
£44.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Wärmeübertragung: Ein nahezu allgegenwärtiges
Book SynopsisDieses essential erklärt die Physik der Wärmeübertragung mit den wesentlichen physikalischen Prozessen, der Wärmeleitung und der Wärmestrahlung. Es wird ein grundlegendes Verständnis für die verschiedenen Formen der Energieübertragung in Form von Wärme vermittelt. Die Beispiele dazu stammen weitgehend aus alltäglichen Situationen, wobei unterschiedliche Aspekte kritisch und vertiefend diskutiert werden.Table of ContentsEinleitung: Notwendige Klarstellungen.- Die zwei grundsätzlichen Arten der Wärmeübertragung.- Leitungsbasierte Wärmeübertragung.- Strahlungsbasierte Wärmeübertragung.- Anmerkungen zur Wärmeübertragung als Wissenschaftsdisziplin.
£999.99
Springer Vieweg Einführung in Die Numerische Strömungsmechanik
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Ein reduziertes Modell zur Simulation des
Book SynopsisDavid Klemm untersucht das transiente thermische Verhalten einer Fahrzeugkabine. Relevante lokale Parameter modelliert der Autor mit dem Ansatz eines linearen, zeitinvarianten Systems und charakterisiert drei Lastfälle durch dreidimensionale transiente CFD-Simulationen. Mit diesen Parametern entwickelt er auf Basis eindimensionaler Übertragungsprozesse ein reduziertes Simulationsmodell und validiert es anhand dreidimensionaler CFD-Simulationen. Dieses Modell benötigt eine um den Faktor 105 reduzierte Rechenzeit im Bereich von Echtzeit.Der Autor:David Klemm hat mehrjährige Industrieerfahrung im Bereich der Strömungssimulation und der Auslegung von elektronischen Steuergeräten. Nach der Forschungstätigkeit am Institut für Verbrennungsmotoren und Kraftfahrwesen (IVK) der Universität Stuttgart beschäftigt er sich nun mit der Simulation in der Systementwicklung von Nutzfahrzeugen.Table of ContentsGrundlagen linearer zeitinvarianter Systeme (LTI), eindimensionaler Wärmeübertragung und Numerik finiter Differenzen.- Modellierung relevanter Größen des thermischen Verhaltens einer Fahrzeugkabine als LTI-System.- Modellbeschreibung des reduzierten transienten thermischen Simulationsmodells einer Fahrzeugkabine.- Validierung des reduzierten Simulationsmodells anhand dreidimensionaler CFD-Simulationen für die Lastfälle „Soak“, „Heatup“ und „Cooldown“.
£49.49
Springer Spektrum Thermodynamische Potenziale Und Zustandssumme:
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Springer Spektrum Die Eigenschaften Der Stoffe: Suszeptibilitäten
Book Synopsis
£11.77
Springer Energy entropy creativity
Book SynopsisEntropy and upheaval Energy and life Economic growthPost-growth economicsCountries in transitionStationary or space.
£66.49
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Die Thermodynamik des Gin Tonic
£11.77
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Komplexe Strukturen: Entropie und Information
Book SynopsisDie Erforschung komplexer Strukturen ist gegenwärtig eines der interessantesten wissenschaftlichen Themen. Dieses Buch behandelt Möglichkeiten der Beschreibung und quantitativen Charakterisierung komplexer Strukturen mit Hilfe verschiedener Entropie- und Informationsmaße. Nach einer allgemein verständlichen Einführung der Grundbegriffe werden die für eine quantitative Analyse erforderlichen Konzepte ausführlich behandelt und an zahlreichen Beispielen, wie Zeitreihen, Biosequenzen, literarischen Texten und Musikstücken, veranschaulicht.Table of ContentsKomplexität und Entropie - Selbstorganisation und Information - Informationstheoretische Maße - Dynamisch generierte Strukturen - Entropie und Komplexität natürlicher Sequenzen - Quantitative Ästhetik
£44.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Fundamental Principles of Nuclear Engineering
Book SynopsisThis book highlights a comprehensive and detailed introduction to the fundamental principles related to nuclear engineering. As one of the most popular choices of future energy, nuclear energy is of increasing demand globally. Due to the complexity of nuclear engineering, its research and development as well as safe operation of its facility requires a wide scope of knowledge, ranging from basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics to applied subjects such as reactor theory and radiation protection. The book covers all necessary knowledge in an illustrative and readable style, with a sufficient amount of examples and exercises. It is an easy-to-read textbook for graduate students in nuclear engineering and a valuable handbook for nuclear facility operators, maintenance personnel and technical staff.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Fundamentals of mathematics and physics Chapter 2 Thermodynamics Chapter 3 Heat transferChapter 4 Fluid flowChapter 5 Electrical ScienceChapter 6 Instrumentation & controlChapter 7 Chemistry and chemical engineeringChapter 8 Material ScienceChapter 9 Mechanical Science Chapter 10 Nuclear physics Chapter 11 Reactor theory Chapter 12 Radiation protection
£56.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore An Introduction to Stochastic Thermodynamics: From Basic to Advanced
Book SynopsisThis book presents the fundamentals of stochastic thermodynamics, one of the most central subjects in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. It also explores many recent advances, e.g., in information thermodynamics, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and the trade-off relation between efficiency and power. The content is divided into three main parts, the first of which introduces readers to fundamental topics in stochastic thermodynamics, e.g., the basics of stochastic processes, the fluctuation theorem and its variants, information thermodynamics, and large deviation theory. In turn, parts two and three explore advanced topics such as autonomous engines (engines not controlled externally) and finite speed engines, while also explaining the key concepts from recent stochastic thermodynamics theory that are involved. To fully benefit from the book, readers only need an undergraduate-level background in statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics; no background in information theory or stochastic processes is needed. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable resource for early graduate or higher-level readers who are unfamiliar with this subject but want to keep up with the cutting-edge research in this field. In addition, the author’s vivid descriptions interspersed throughout the book will help readers grasp ‘living’ research developments and begin their own research in this field.Table of Contents
£98.99
Springer Thermodynamics For Physicists Chemists and
Book SynopsisTwo Fundamental Laws of Nature.- Thermodynamic Functions.- Equilibrium and Stability.- Simple Phase Diagrams.- Microscopic Interactions.- Thermodynamics and Molecular Simulation.- Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics.
£38.94
Taylor & Francis Ltd Thermodynamics Problem Solving in Physical Chemistry
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Commonly Asked Questions in Thermodynamics
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Energy and Entropy
Book SynopsisEnergy is typically regarded as understandable, despite its multiple forms of storage and transfer. Entropy, however, is an enigma, in part because of the common view that it represents disorder. That view is flawed and hides entropy's connection with energy. In fact, macroscopic matter stores internal energy, and that matter's entropy is determined by how the energy is stored. Energy and entropy are intimately linked.Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo illuminates connections between energy and entropy for students, teachers, and researchers. Conceptual understanding is emphasised where possible through examples, analogies, figures, and key points.Features: Qualitative demonstration that entropy is linked to spatial and temporal energy spreading, with equilibrium corresponding to the most equitable distribution of energy, which corresponds to maximum entropy Analysis of energy and entropy of Trade Review"In this book Leff (emer., California State Polytechnic Univ.) intertwines all aspects of energy and entropy through a plethora of subjects, from classical topics such as the Clausius inequality to the relatively new "nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences" as discussed by C. Jarzynski…The author is to be commended for engaging readers in considering the concept of energy and entropy using accessible mathematics. The strength of this book lies in the author's endeavor to create "Key Point" snippets throughout the book. These points are the cream of the crop, accentuating and demystifying important concepts, and empowering the reader to leave each chapter with essential takeaways. Though the book lacks problems and exercises at the end of each chapter, this does not diminish the value of a text that is sure to appear on the bookshelf of confirmed thermodynamicists, and will furnish a possible technical elective for upper-division students in engineering and physics. The volume can also serve as an excellent reference resource for graduate students in engineering and physics with research interests in materials science, biophysical systems, and magnetic nanoparticles in biotechnology, to name a few areas of applicability.Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals."—R. N. Laoulache, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth in CHOICE November 2021 (Vol. 59 No. 3) "Not often does one have the chance to read a book that is the result of a lifetime of productive thought about an important subject, but such is the case with Harvey Leff’s Energy and Entropy. One is astounded by the depth and breadth of this book. And, what is more, Professor Leff has a deft way of appealing to various kinds of readers: professionals who want to see the mathematics and those who desire a more conceptual understanding. If you have room on your bookshelf for only one volume on thermodynamics, (and I don’t say this lightly) your choice should be Energy and Entropy." — Don S. Lemons, Professor of Physic Emeritus, Bethel College, North Newton, Kansas "Harvey Leff has used his lifelong interest and expertise in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to write a delightful monograph on the relation between energy and entropy. The author explains the relation with thoughtful explanations including detailed examples, many of which are glossed over in most thermodynamics texts. Although most of the text is intended to expand on traditional material, more advanced topics such as the Jarznski equality are also discussed. The text should be of particular interest to students who are puzzled by the many subtleties of thermodynamics and by instructors who wish to offer a deeper understanding of the subject." — Harvey Goud, Clark University "In this volume Harvey Leff has made a unique contribution by illustrating many connections between entropy and energy in a wide range of contexts, both theoretical and practical. The book begins with what is essentially a review of the laws of thermodynamics, with energy featured in connection with the first law and entropy in connection with the second. Although Leff includes the historical underpinnings of thermodynamics going back to the 19th century, he also addresses more contemporary topics such as black hole entropy, Landauer’s principle, the entropy of information and computation, and recent efforts to find violations of the second law. The book contains numerous simple but effective illustrations and graphs. A pedagogical feature that many readers will find effective is the use of “key points” that give a brief synopsis of the preceding section of text. I found that the key points often provide a bridge from one section to the next. This book is highly recommended as a learning tool for professionals and graduate students who seek a more comprehensive and wide-ranging treatment of entropy in its many forms and applications." — Andrew Rex, University of Puget Sound "Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo offers many insights to many different audiences. But Leff rightly identifies "teachers of physics, chemistry, and engineering" first on his list of prospective readers. Perhaps no other group of scientists has a greater need for a conscience than those of us who teach thermodynamics… Unlike many other books on the subject, Energy and Entropy does not give its reader the impression that thermodynamics is a fully resolved product of the 19th century. Leff demonstrates that significant discoveries have been made since the contributions of Boltzmann and Gibbs. He provides an accessible introduction to the Jarzynski equality. He also traces the many discoveries that were motivated by Maxwell's demon, illustrating how statistical mechanics led to later developments in information theory… Leff is careful throughout his book to emphasize that energy and entropy are equal partners. He also refrains from treating these quantities as abstract concepts. The presentation rarely strays from a plausible experiment. Even the discussion of information theory is rooted in measurable physical quantities. My overall impression of this book can be characterized by the title of an article that Leff contributed to The Physics Teacher. The title of the article is Thermodynamics Is Easy-I've Learned It Many Times. When reading a good book on the subject, I agree. Thermodynamics can seem easy, particularly when the book is written by a scientist whose previous work has helped to clarify fundamental issues. But as I continue to grapple with the subject, I know that I will continue to find more subtle points in need of explanation. And when those future moments inevitably arrive, Energy and Entropy will be among the books to which I'll turn in order to find my conscience." — Eric Johnson, Chair of the Department of Chemistry at Mount St. Joseph University, in American Journal of Physics Vol 89, No 7 (2021). "In this book Leff (emer., California State Polytechnic Univ.) intertwines all aspects of energy and entropy through a plethora of subjects, from classical topics such as the Clausius inequality to the relatively new "nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences" as discussed by C. Jarzynski…The author is to be commended for engaging readers in considering the concept of energy and entropy using accessible mathematics. The strength of this book lies in the author's endeavor to create "Key Point" snippets throughout the book. These points are the cream of the crop, accentuating and demystifying important concepts, and empowering the reader to leave each chapter with essential takeaways. Though the book lacks problems and exercises at the end of each chapter, this does not diminish the value of a text that is sure to appear on the bookshelf of confirmed thermodynamicists, and will furnish a possible technical elective for upper-division students in engineering and physics. The volume can also serve as an excellent reference resource for graduate students in engineering and physics with research interests in materials science, biophysical systems, and magnetic nanoparticles in biotechnology, to name a few areas of applicability.Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals."—R. N. Laoulache, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth in CHOICE November 2021 (Vol. 59 No. 3) "Not often does one have the chance to read a book that is the result of a lifetime of productive thought about an important subject, but such is the case with Harvey Leff’s Energy and Entropy. One is astounded by the depth and breadth of this book. And, what is more, Professor Leff has a deft way of appealing to various kinds of readers: professionals who want to see the mathematics and those who desire a more conceptual understanding. If you have room on your bookshelf for only one volume on thermodynamics, (and I don’t say this lightly) your choice should be Energy and Entropy." — Don S. Lemons, Professor of Physic Emeritus, Bethel College, North Newton, Kansas "Harvey Leff has used his lifelong interest and expertise in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to write a delightful monograph on the relation between energy and entropy. The author explains the relation with thoughtful explanations including detailed examples, many of which are glossed over in most thermodynamics texts. Although most of the text is intended to expand on traditional material, more advanced topics such as the Jarznski equality are also discussed. The text should be of particular interest to students who are puzzled by the many subtleties of thermodynamics and by instructors who wish to offer a deeper understanding of the subject." — Harvey Goud, Clark University "In this volume Harvey Leff has made a unique contribution by illustrating many connections between entropy and energy in a wide range of contexts, both theoretical and practical. The book begins with what is essentially a review of the laws of thermodynamics, with energy featured in connection with the first law and entropy in connection with the second. Although Leff includes the historical underpinnings of thermodynamics going back to the 19th century, he also addresses more contemporary topics such as black hole entropy, Landauer’s principle, the entropy of information and computation, and recent efforts to find violations of the second law. The book contains numerous simple but effective illustrations and graphs. A pedagogical feature that many readers will find effective is the use of “key points” that give a brief synopsis of the preceding section of text. I found that the key points often provide a bridge from one section to the next. This book is highly recommended as a learning tool for professionals and graduate students who seek a more comprehensive and wide-ranging treatment of entropy in its many forms and applications." — Andrew Rex, University of Puget Sound "Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo offers many insights to many different audiences. But Leff rightly identifies "teachers of physics, chemistry, and engineering" first on his list of prospective readers. Perhaps no other group of scientists has a greater need for a conscience than those of us who teach thermodynamics… Unlike many other books on the subject, Energy and Entropy does not give its reader the impression that thermodynamics is a fully resolved product of the 19th century. Leff demonstrates that significant discoveries have been made since the contributions of Boltzmann and Gibbs. He provides an accessible introduction to the Jarzynski equality. He also traces the many discoveries that were motivated by Maxwell's demon, illustrating how statistical mechanics led to later developments in information theory… Leff is careful throughout his book to emphasize that energy and entropy are equal partners. He also refrains from treating these quantities as abstract concepts. The presentation rarely strays from a plausible experiment. Even the discussion of information theory is rooted in measurable physical quantities. My overall impression of this book can be characterized by the title of an article that Leff contributed to The Physics Teacher. The title of the article is Thermodynamics Is Easy-I've Learned It Many Times. When reading a good book on the subject, I agree. Thermodynamics can seem easy, particularly when the book is written by a scientist whose previous work has helped to clarify fundamental issues. But as I continue to grapple with the subject, I know that I will continue to find more subtle points in need of explanation. And when those future moments inevitably arrive, Energy and Entropy will be among the books to which I'll turn in order to find my conscience." — Eric Johnson, Chair of the Department of Chemistry at Mount St. Joseph University, in American Journal of Physics Vol 89, No 7 (2021). Table of Contents1 Energy is Universal. 2 Energy is Not Enough. 3 Entropy: Energy’s Needed Partner. 4 Gases, Solids, Polymers. 5 Radiatin and Photons. 6 Numerical Entropy. 7 Language and Philosophy of Thermodynamics. 8 Working, Heating, Cooling. 9 Sanctity of the 2nd law of Thermodynamics. 10 Reflections and Extensions. 11 Appendices: Mathematical Identities
£43.69
Taylor & Francis Ltd Energy and Entropy A Dynamic Duo
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£114.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Intermediate Heat Transfer
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Thermodynamics of the Glassy State
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Entropy and Free Energy in Structural Biology From Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics to Computer Simulation Foundations of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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