The environment Books

Book SynopsisWhen we imagine the polar regions, we see a largely lifeless world covered in snow and ice where icebergs drift listlessly through frozen waters, like solitary wanderers of the oceans floating aimlessly in total silence. But nothing could be further from the truth. This book takes us into the fascinating world of icebergs and glaciers to discover what they are really like. Through a series of historical vignettes recalling some of the most tragic and most exhilarating encounters between human beings and these gigantic pieces of matter, and through vivid descriptions of their cycles of birth and death, Olivier Remaud shows that these entities are teeming with many forms of life and that there is a deep continuity between iceberg life and human life, a complex web of reciprocal interconnections that can lead from the deadliest to the most vital. And precisely because there is this continuity, icebergs and glaciers tell us something important about life itself – namely, that it thrives in the most unexpected of places, even where there seems to be no life at all. At a time when we are increasingly aware that the melting of ice sheets, glaciers and sea ice is one of the many disastrous consequences of global warming, this beautiful meditation is a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of all life and the fragility of the Earth’s ecosystems.Trade Review"How can an iceberg be alive? By being perceived as an active partner by other living beings, be they autochthonous peoples from the Far North or scientists, explorers, writers, painters. Leafing through a variety of sensible experiences of these floating mountains, and reflecting poetically on their philosophical implications, Remaud draws a lesson: indifference to the death of glaciers reflects the incapacity of most Modern humans to think themselves as mere parts of a greater whole."—Philippe Descola, author of Beyond Nature and Culture "Invites you to look at the link between humans and nature in a completely new way."—Sally Hayden, The Irish Times "Thinking Like an Iceberg tells a detailed and imaginative story of ice that sees ice as aware of its own existence and fate and its role within human society and history.... As glaciers continue to melt at alarming rates and ever-larger icebergs calve into the ocean, Remaud has created a book that prompts us to contemplate in a new way what it means to lose this shifting, cracking, bubbling and increasingly temporary structure and surface."—Polar Research“To think like an iceberg… is on one level to dispel the myth of Arctic solitude. It is a myth to which western travellers, steeped in images of the sublime, are especially prone. Adrift on an ocean of icebergs, as if in a hall of mirrors, they are inclined to see in their pristine surfaces only endless reflections of themselves. Yet in truth, as Remaud shows, there are no mirrors, nor does nature lie concealed on the other side. It is rather all around us, and we are suspended in its web.”—Tim Ingold, ArticTable of ContentsAcknowledgements The issue Prologue: They are coming! Chapter 1: Through the looking glass Chapter 2: The eye of the glacier Chapter 3. Unexpected lives Chapter 4: Social snow Chapter 5: A less lonely world Chapter 6: Thinking like an iceberg Epilogue: Return to the ocean Notes

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Book SynopsisCovering almost 8 percent of the earth's terrain, lichens are living beings which are familiar to everyone, known to no one. They are one of those organisms that seem to offer nothing to hold our gaze. But the more time we spend with lichens, the more they reveal their beauty, their mysteries and their strange power of attraction. Part-algae and part-fungus, lichens call into question our customary ways of classifying forms of life, and allow us to conceive of an ecology that is no longer based on distinctions between nature and culture, urban and rural, competition and cooperation. The result of several years of investigation carried out on several different continents, this remarkable book offers an original, radical, and, like its subject matter, symbiotic reflection on this common but mostly invisible form of life, blending cultures and disciplines, drawing on biology, ecology, philosophy, literature, poetry, even graphic art. What if lichens were at the heart of some of the most pressing and topical questions of our day? Does the fact that they can live everywhere, even in very harsh environments, that they persist when almost all other traces of life have disappeared, mean that, despite their fragility, lichens are a force of resistance? After reading this book you will never see lichens, or the world, in the same way again.Trade Review"Vincent Zonca has compiled a veritable pot-pourri of sympoietic intimacies. These crinkled expressions of desire and despair creep, slowly and unobtrusively, across every page, even as they breathe the air. Never has a work of literature more closely resembled its subject matter, inspiring wonder in equal measure. Welcome to the world of lichens!"—Tim Ingold, University of Aberdeen "[L]yrically-written. . . . there's something new and sparkling every few pages"—Leonardo ReviewsTable of ContentsIllustrations ix Acknowledgments xiii Preface by Emanuele Coccia xiv Part 1 First Contacts 1 Origins 1 Winters 2 Weeds 3 A Scientific Challenge: Remaining or Rising in the Ranks 12 Customs and Beliefs 22 Lichen Erotics 34 Part 2 To Describe, Name, Represent 45 A Challenge to Representation 45 Music = Mushroom 72 The Far East, Mosses, and Wabi-Sabi 77 Part 3 Ecopoetics: Life Force and Resistance 91 Ruderal 91 Rousseauist Walks 92 Sentinel Species 108 "Lichens of sunlight and mucus of azure" 112 "Sbarbarian" Glowworm 116 Ecological Forewarnings 124 Fragility, Resistance 132 Contemporary "Poethics" 134 "Insurrection of the Humble" 156 Micro-habitats 166 Part 4 Toward a Symbiotic Way of Thought 173 The Politics of Lichen: at the Origins of Symbiosis 175 Chimeras, Vampires, and Other Common Monsters 192 A "Third Place" 197 Cohabitation 210 Envoi: Sporules 215 Notes 220 Index of Names 255 Index of Lichens 260

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Book SynopsisTheories and opinions about climate change abound – from those claiming human-induced climate change is already beyond control to those who express scepticism about the real extent of these changes. How should we weigh up the scientific evidence, and what role does climate change play in the history of the Earth? In this comprehensive history of the climate and climate change, Antonello Provenzale explains how the planetary climate system works and how the climate has evolved over millions of years. Starting from the catastrophic events that marked the early history of the Earth, including seas of magma, global glaciations and mass extinctions, he demonstrates how the climate has fluctuated between hot and cold periods, with the Earth hot and lush with forests at certain times and almost entirely covered by a thick layer of ice at others. The mechanisms that determine the modifications of the climate are multiple and complex and include external factors, such as solar luminosity and variations in the Earth's orbit, as well as internal processes connecting the atmosphere, the oceans, the crust, the mantle and the biosphere, composed of living organisms. While the climate has fluctuated a great deal over the Earth’s long history, there are two features of our current situation that are a source of real concern. First, the rise in temperature of the last fifty years has been extremely fast, making it difficult for the environment to adapt to the new conditions. Second, the human population is much greater than it was in the past, and this population needs water, food, energy and shelter to survive and flourish. If temperatures continue to rise as they have in recent decades, ours will not be an easy world in which to live. To appreciate what is at stake, we need to understand how the climate works and how human activity is affecting it – not in order to save the planet, which will do just fine on its own and probably better without us, but to save ourselves.Trade Review'This is a masterly review of the climate crisis from a richly detailed and widely varied point of view. Provenzale, in a clear and thorough fashion, brings the reader through the physical, chemical, biological, social and political aspects of the problem confronting the human race. The author goes deeply into an explanatory tour de force while outlining the challenges that our species faces that must be met if we are to survive, let alone flourish. It is a book that should be read by everyone concerned about our future and the future of our descendants.'Joseph Pedlosky, Scientist Emeritus, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution'In this lively exposition of Earth's history, Antonello Provenzale covers the facts of climate change over the age of the Earth, along with explanations of these facts that are both solid and easily understandable. A particularly important feature of the book is that it clearly distinguishes between internal factors that drive the climate's natural variability and external ones, like the recent anthropogenic change in atmospheric composition, which modify this natural variability and could rapidly push the climate to extremes that lie well outside humanity's comfort zone. The latter dangers are given sober and convincing consideration.'Michael Ghil, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, and University of California, Los Angeles'This comprehensive history of the climate and climate change explains how the planetary climate system works and how the climate has evolved over millions of years. Starting from the catastrophic events that marked the early history of the Earth, including seas of magma, global glaciations and mass extinctions, he demonstrates how the climate has fluctuated between hot and cold periods, shows that today’s changes are different from any that humans have ever experienced.'Climate and Capitalism Ecosocialist BookshelfTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. From the Ocean of Magma to the Great Oxygenation 2. A World of Fire and Ice 3. Light Reflected, Light Re-radiated 4. The Explosion that Changed the World 5. Between Catastrophes and Opportunities 6. The Living Planet 7. Winds Up High and Currents in the Deep 8. The Big Heat 9. Rain, Snow and Clouds: The Planetary Water Cycle 10. The Planet Cools 11. The Breath of the Ice 12. Agitated Ice 13. Conquering the Planet 14. The Age of Humanity 15. Global Warming 16. Arctic Sentinels 17. The Mountain Heat 18. Digital Twins 19. Knowing in Order to Anticipate, Anticipating in Order to Act Conclusion: The Journey Continues Bibliography Notes Index

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Book SynopsisAfter years of existential crisis, Europe has found a new raison d’être: the European Green Deal and the energy transition that lies at its core. This green Europe represents a normative vision, an economic growth strategy, as well as a route to a political Union that would enhance EU integration and legitimacy. But it can only be realized if it addresses head-on the social, economic, political and geopolitical ramifications of this epochal change. In A Green and Global Europe, Nathalie Tocci explains how the unprecedented nature of the current energy transition represents both a unique opportunity and a huge challenge to Europe’s future prosperity. The EU, she argues, must not act in isolation or ignore the adverse effects of the transition on Member States and neighbours. It must also address the global cleavages that may arise with China, the transatlantic relationship and the Global South as a result of the EU’s green agenda. By adopting a truly global approach to the energy transition, Europe can deliver on its responsibilities to people and planet alike, and avoid unleashing social, economic and security problems that could come biting back at the Union.Trade Review"The European Union has moved into uncontested global leadership in its ambitious goals to green its economy. No one is better equipped than Nathalie Tocci to analyze in a balanced manner how the actions required will present both opportunities and challenges, a reality that is admirably assessed in this highly informative book."Robert N. Stavins, A. J. Meyer Professor of Energy & Economic Development, Harvard Kennedy School"Nathalie Tocci’s book is an extraordinary journey into the European Union vision and mission to become the global leader of the green agenda. Nathalie explores in a fascinating way the links between the Green Deal, domestic European dynamics, and the regional and worldwide geopolitical implications of today and tomorrow. It couldn’t be more timely, as it analyses the different ways in which the strategic autonomy of the European Union is intertwined with its green agenda and its energy transition. A precious contribution to the definition of a new horizon for our continent’s mission!"Federica Mogherini, Rector of the College of Europe and Former High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy"Nathalie Tocci unpacks the complex policy dilemmas facing Europe in its quest for climate leadership. Her invaluable guide to the democratic, foreign policy and geo-political challenges of the energy transition shows the all-of-government approach that the EU needs to take to succeed in its great leap forward in integration through the European Green Deal."Heather Grabbe, Director, Open Society Policy Institute"A Green and Global Europe offers a concise, up-to-date, authoritative and clearly written account of the trajectory of Europe’s energy and climate policies, also shedding light on the social, economic and political prerequisites for their sustainability and success. Importantly, it also provides a compelling analysis of the multiple ways in which these policies will reverberate across Europe’s troubled neighbourhood. General readers will obtain from this book a great overview of the European energy and climate policy architecture, while energy and climate specialists will gain new insights on the crucial, but still underexplored, social and political dimensions of this historical transformation."Simone Tagliapietra, Bruegel, the Catholic University of Milan, and the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe"The ecological challenge will be one of the most enduring and defining issues of the 21st century. In this timely book, Nathalie Tocci makes a compelling case for the EU to be decidedly green and global in confronting this challenge."Alexandros Yannis, senior official, European External Action Service (EEAS)"Nathalie Tocci’s deeply informed and compelling book makes an eloquent argument that for the EU’s ‘green’ policies to succeed they must also be incorporated and mainstreamed into its external relations. It’s a must read for all."Karen Smith, LSE"This is a powerful book from one of Europe’s most experienced analysts, rich with practical insights and a call to arms for the EU’s future development. An essential read for those looking to map out how the EU can engage with both its internal and external challenges."Simon Usherwood, The Open University"Nathalie Tocci fully understands that climate, geopolitics and social equity must be one conversation, not siloed. In A Green and Global Europe, she advances that vision as key to a rejuvenated and successful 'European project.'"Ernest Moniz, 13th United States Secretary of Energy“Amidst an unprecedented energy crisis and the need to address the existential challenge of climate change, Nathalie Tocci’s A Green an Global Europe charts a way for the EU to navigate these structural transformations. Worth reading.”Arancha Gonzales, Dean of PSIA at Sciences Po and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain Table of ContentsAbbreviations Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 A Green and Political Europe Chapter 3 A Green Europe and the Future of Liberal Democracy Chapter 4 A Green Europe in a Troubled Neighbourhood Chapter 5 A Green Europe Amidst Global Rivalry Chapter 6 Conclusion Bibliography Notes

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Book SynopsisThe relation between humans and nature is at the core of the great existential threats of our time, from climate change, extreme weather, and environmental destruction to devastating pandemics. We are becoming increasingly aware of the fact that, unless we change our behavior radically and quickly, the most likely outcome will be the destruction of countless species and forms of life, including our own. But we also need to change the way we think about nature, and think about the relation between humans and nature – this is a key intellectual task. In this important book, Richard J. Bernstein argues that an adequate conception of humans and nature, capable of facing up to the existential threats of our time, requires taking full account of the major projects dealing with nature in the past. Focusing on key figures of modernity – Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud – Bernstein reconstructs their conceptions of nature and uncovers the reasons that led them to their distinctive views. Working through the contradictions and incompatibilities among these diverse thinkers, Bernstein identifies common themes that have shaped their struggles in dealing with the relation of humans to nature. He offers a critical overview of the challenges illuminated by each perspective that must be confronted in our thinking of nature today. As a prolegomenon to rethinking humanity and nature, this book uncovers the rich conceptual resources available within the modern tradition that can help us to develop an adequate understanding of nature for our time.Trade Review“Throughout his career, Richard Bernstein has served as a trusted guide through the European and American philosophical traditions. Lucid and fair-minded, his new book exemplifies his rare gift for synthesis, showing us how the idea of nature has changed over time, and how we have changed as well.”Peter E. Gordon, Harvard University Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Part I The Philosophy of Nature Chapter 1 Spinoza: Founder of Modern Naturalism Chapter 2 Hume: The Experimental Method and the Science of Man Chapter 3 Kant: Copernican Turn––Nature, Reason, and Freedom Chapter 4 Hegel: Nature and Geist Part II The Hermeneutics of Suspicion Prologue Chapter 5 Marx: The Transaction of Nature and Social Man Chapter 6 Nietzsche: Nature and the Affirmation of Life Chapter 7 Freud: Human Nature, Psychic Reality, and Cosmological Speculation Coda Concluding Remarks Notes References

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Book SynopsisThe relation between humans and nature is at the core of the great existential threats of our time, from climate change, extreme weather, and environmental destruction to devastating pandemics. We are becoming increasingly aware of the fact that, unless we change our behavior radically and quickly, the most likely outcome will be the destruction of countless species and forms of life, including our own. But we also need to change the way we think about nature, and think about the relation between humans and nature – this is a key intellectual task. In this important book, Richard J. Bernstein argues that an adequate conception of humans and nature, capable of facing up to the existential threats of our time, requires taking full account of the major projects dealing with nature in the past. Focusing on key figures of modernity – Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud – Bernstein reconstructs their conceptions of nature and uncovers the reasons that led them to their distinctive views. Working through the contradictions and incompatibilities among these diverse thinkers, Bernstein identifies common themes that have shaped their struggles in dealing with the relation of humans to nature. He offers a critical overview of the challenges illuminated by each perspective that must be confronted in our thinking of nature today. As a prolegomenon to rethinking humanity and nature, this book uncovers the rich conceptual resources available within the modern tradition that can help us to develop an adequate understanding of nature for our time.Trade Review“Throughout his career, Richard Bernstein has served as a trusted guide through the European and American philosophical traditions. Lucid and fair-minded, his new book exemplifies his rare gift for synthesis, showing us how the idea of nature has changed over time, and how we have changed as well.”Peter E. Gordon, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsPreface Introduction Part I The Philosophy of Nature Chapter 1 Spinoza: Founder of Modern Naturalism Chapter 2 Hume: The Experimental Method and the Science of Man Chapter 3 Kant: Copernican Turn––Nature, Reason, and Freedom Chapter 4 Hegel: Nature and Geist Part II The Hermeneutics of Suspicion Prologue Chapter 5 Marx: The Transaction of Nature and Social Man Chapter 6 Nietzsche: Nature and the Affirmation of Life Chapter 7 Freud: Human Nature, Psychic Reality, and Cosmological Speculation Coda Concluding Remarks Notes References

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Book SynopsisCertain great friendships have left their mark in the annals of philosophy – and, without a doubt, the friendship of Bruno Latour and Isabelle Stengers is among them. Although they wrote very few texts together, their intellectual companionship lasted for over thirty years, and their respective work can be fully understood only when the many interconnections of their thought are brought to the fore. Latour and Stengers occupy the same starting place, one which remains at the heart of their work: scientific practice, which is the pride of modernity. Why do we Moderns define ourselves as those who know, while others are condemned to be only believers? This question led Latour and Stengers to the same fundamental question: how to understand and live in what Latour calls "the new climatic regime” and what Stengers calls “catastrophic times"? Philippe Pignarre's aim is not to try to sort out which ideas belong to whom but rather to interweave their thought even more. In so doing, he sheds new light on the origins and development of their work at the same time as he documents an exceptional intellectual adventure between two of the leading thinkers of our age.Trade Review“The entwined, crafted textual conversations between the fast friends and sometimes wildly different allies, Bruno Latour and Isabelle Stengers, that Pignarre gives the reader deserve close reading and passionate engagement. Pignarre’s textual staging shows our muddy-footed heroes battling the dragon of Science, its propaganda and ideology, and its arrogant Moderns in order to open space for sciences with their obligations and consequences. Landing on Earth, indeed!”Donna Haraway, University of California at Santa Cruz“The philosophical friendship between Isabelle Stengers and the late Bruno Latour is among the most important of the past fifty years. In this stimulating new book, the historian and publisher Philippe Pignarre breaks fresh ground in exploring the parallel yet intersecting paths of these two key Francophone thinkers.”Graham Harman, Southern California Institute of Architecture“Tackles deep questions about scientific practice and the meaning of modernity.” NatureTable of ContentsIntroduction: Speech Impediments 1. To De-Epistemologise… 2. …Or Disamalgamate The Sciences 3. A Brief Exercise in Empirical Philosophy 4. Sociology or Politics? 5. The Factish Gods 6. The Parliament of Things: Doing Ecology 7. Identifying Modes of Existence, Thinking With Whitehead 8. The Intrusion of Gaia 9. Conclusion: Composing a Common World…During the Meltdown Bibliography

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Book SynopsisCertain great friendships have left their mark in the annals of philosophy – and, without a doubt, the friendship of Bruno Latour and Isabelle Stengers is among them. Although they wrote very few texts together, their intellectual companionship lasted for over thirty years, and their respective work can be fully understood only when the many interconnections of their thought are brought to the fore. Latour and Stengers occupy the same starting place, one which remains at the heart of their work: scientific practice, which is the pride of modernity. Why do we Moderns define ourselves as those who know, while others are condemned to be only believers? This question led Latour and Stengers to the same fundamental question: how to understand and live in what Latour calls "the new climatic regime” and what Stengers calls “catastrophic times"? Philippe Pignarre's aim is not to try to sort out which ideas belong to whom but rather to interweave their thought even more. In so doing, he sheds new light on the origins and development of their work at the same time as he documents an exceptional intellectual adventure between two of the leading thinkers of our age.Trade Review“The entwined, crafted textual conversations between the fast friends and sometimes wildly different allies, Bruno Latour and Isabelle Stengers, that Pignarre gives the reader deserve close reading and passionate engagement. Pignarre’s textual staging shows our muddy-footed heroes battling the dragon of Science, its propaganda and ideology, and its arrogant Moderns in order to open space for sciences with their obligations and consequences. Landing on Earth, indeed!”Donna Haraway, University of California at Santa Cruz“The philosophical friendship between Isabelle Stengers and the late Bruno Latour is among the most important of the past fifty years. In this stimulating new book, the historian and publisher Philippe Pignarre breaks fresh ground in exploring the parallel yet intersecting paths of these two key Francophone thinkers.”Graham Harman, Southern California Institute of Architecture“Tackles deep questions about scientific practice and the meaning of modernity.”NatureTable of ContentsIntroduction: Speech Impediments 1. To De-Epistemologise… 2. …Or Disamalgamate The Sciences 3. A Brief Exercise in Empirical Philosophy 4. Sociology or Politics? 5. The Factish Gods 6. The Parliament of Things: Doing Ecology 7. Identifying Modes of Existence, Thinking With Whitehead 8. The Intrusion of Gaia 9. Conclusion: Composing a Common World…During the Meltdown Bibliography

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Book SynopsisWhy are we fascinated by mountains? These outcrops of rock were once considered unsightly, something to be avoided at all costs, but, since Rousseau, they have been contrasted with our corrupt cities and viewed as serene enclaves of beauty and relaxation. But why climb to the summit only to come back down again? Why does the toil of climbing convert into joy? What metaphysics of the absolute is playing out here – what challenge does climbing pose to time and ageing, to fearful panic, to the brush with danger which leads to conquest? It’s not faith that elevates mountains – it’s mountains that elevate our faith in challenging us to overcome them. These hooded majesties crush some people while exalting others. For the latter, climbing means being born again, reaching a state of exhilaration. Being seized by exhaustion upon arriving at the summit is akin to casting your eyes upon paradise. Is it the stinging cold, the wind so strong that it almost knocks you down, or is it higher powers that speak to us in this mixture of terror and beauty? A child of the mountains who spent his youth in Austria and Switzerland, Pascal Bruckner has special ties to the subject of this book: the further he climbs, the more he reconnects to his past. In sparkling and sensual prose, Bruckner’s paean to the majesty of mountains weaves together things seen and things read, childhood memories, literature and philosophy, interlaced with reflections on life, ageing and the unrivalled beauty of an ecosystem that we are in danger of destroying.Trade Review‘Pascal Bruckner is one of the great French essayists of our time. In his newest, and most beautiful, book he ruminates on what mountains have represented to human beings throughout the ages and why we are drawn to climb them, often at great risk. The Friendship of a Mountain is about awe, danger, self-overcoming, and, yes, blisters. We die and the mountains remain: and thus it should be.’Mark Lilla, Professor of Humanities, Columbia University‘This book is a remarkable meditation on the natural world, how humans imagine and distort it and all too often fail to understand and learn from it. Like all of Bruckner’s work, it is steeped in a remarkable intellectual culture, wide reading, and the spirit of the moraliste which informs all of Bruckner’s work. It is an original and important intellectual contribution and, at the same time, an extremely enjoyable read that will appeal to all ages, especially in these pandemic or endemic times.’Richard J. Golsan, University Distinguished Professor, Senior Scowcroft Fellow, the Bush School, Texas A&M UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Preamble: The Test of the Coconut Tree Chapter 1: Where Goes the White When Melts the Snow? Chapter 2: Why Climb? Chapter 3: Our Universal Mother Chapter 4: The Mesmerizing Confederation Chapter 5: The Show-Offs and the Yokels Chapter 6: Lived Experiences Chapter 7: The Aesthetics of the Adventurer: Princes and Peasants Chapter 8: The Two Faces of the Abyss Chapter 9: Reynard and Isengrim Chapter 10: Loving What Terrifies Us Chapter 11: Death in Chains? Chapter 12: Protecting the Great Stone Books Chapter 13: Sublime Chaos Epilogue: Once You’ve Reached the Summit, Keep Climbing Notes

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Book SynopsisAs a heatwave hits Paris, the author's entire existence is disrupted and disoriented by the effects of climate change. All his normal reference points are destroyed. To escape the heat and his growing anxieties, he flees to the small Mediterranean island of Porquerolles. But even in this idyllic setting, can he escape the harsh realities of the Anthropocene? Written as a fictionalized travelogue based on the author's own experiences, this inquiry into the issues raised by the climate crisis will be of interest to everyone concerned about the increasingly dire situation in which we find ourselves on our climate-damaged planet.Trade Review"If there is a book which can mobilize us for the urgent ecological engagement, it is Land Sickness. It combines in a unique way the aesthetic pleasure of casual reading with the deepest existential engagement."Slavoj Zizek"This book is perhaps the first of a long series: a Bildungsroman, except that it is not about a self that adjusts to the social world, but about a self that no longer knows what to do with a natural world that exhausts it. Hence the hybrid genre of affects and theories."Bruno Latour "How to recover the self in and after the Anthropocene – this remarkable little book will work like an inspiring manual for those contemplating that task."Dipesh Chakrabarty"Nikolaj Schultz has given us a movingly rendered meditation on the moral dead ends we encounter as we attempt to navigate our way through the disorienting world of the Anthropocene. A unique and often tormented blend of personal struggle and ecological commentary that leaves the reader in a state of beautiful dread."Clive Hamilton“In beautiful prose that makes everyday moments seem profound, Schultz describes his life as a series of climate-related decisions… an ecological essay that raises important questions about what it means to live in a time of growing catastrophe.”Foreword Reviews (starred review)“Nikolaj Schultz’s Land Sickness chronicles his semi-fictionalised travelogue of his experience of climate change. He brilliantly meditates on the inescapability of the Anthropocene, the intimacy of the experience of climate breakdown, and planetary interconnection. Land Sickness is an urgent book about the many facets of our understanding of and interaction with our environment. As the late Bruno Latour told me: It is important to read Nikolaj Schultz.”Hans Ulrich ObristTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Problems Beings Generations Transmissions Oceans Islands Freedoms Landscapes Waters Controversies Struggles Land Sickness Horizons

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Book SynopsisThe changing climate poses serious dangers to human and non-human life alike, though perhaps the most urgent danger is one we hear very little about: the rise of climatism. Too many social, political and ecological problems facing the world today – from the Russian invasion of Ukraine to the management of wildfires – quickly become climatized, explained with reference to ‘a change in the climate’. When complex political and ethical challenges are so narrowly framed, arresting climate change is sold as the supreme political challenge of our time and everything else becomes subservient to this one goal.In this far-sighted analysis, Mike Hulme reveals how climatism has taken hold in recent years, becoming so pervasive and embedded in public life that it is increasingly hard to resist it without being written off as a climate denier. He confronts this dangerously myopic view that reduces the condition of the world to the fate of global temperature or the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide to the detriment of tackling serious issues as varied as poverty, liberty, biodiversity loss, inequality and international diplomacy. We must not live as though climate alone determines our present and our future.Trade Review“Hulme takes us on an intellectual journey in which he illuminates the social and political handling of the climate issue. He […] explains why he considers dogmatizing the climate issue to be dangerous and finally presents a solution that he believes could lead to a globally viable climate protection policy without being in conflict with other UN sustainability goals, such as combating poverty.”GlobKult Magazin“Hulme has put his finger on a contemporary obsession that transforms all of human affairs into a Manichean struggle to address climate change, turning solvable problems into a singular battle for the planetary future, diverting our focus away from all of the incremental struggles that comprise human progress toward one true struggle to remake human societies and harmonize them with Nature.”Ted Nordhaus, Breakthrough Institute“Today’s monomaniac climate gladiators may view this book with suspicion, but history will judge Mike Hulme to be the best mind and the wisest, most humane voice in the late-20th/early-21st-century climate change discourses.”Daniel Sarewitz, Arizona State University “A concise digest of the current climate discourse and […] where things are going wrong. Hulme is a skillful writer; his lines of thought are clear, his language intelligible. Hulme makes a strong case for recognizing climate change as a ‘wicked problem’, unsolvable with a simplistic and totalizing master-narrative that puts climate above everything else.”Volker Han, The Honest BrokerTable of ContentsIntroduction Civil War, Racist Tweets and Flood Devastation Chapter 1. From Climate to Climatism How an Ideology is Made Chapter 2. How did Climatism Arise? Fetishizing Global Temperature Chapter 3. Are the Sciences Climatist? The Noble Lie and Other Misdemeanours Chapter 4. Why is Climatism So Alluring? Master-narratives and Polarizing Moralism Chapter 5. Why is Climatism Dangerous? The Narrowing of Political Vision Chapter 6. If Not Climatism, Then What? Wicked Problems Need Clumsy Solutions Chapter 7. Some Objections ‘You Sound Just Like ….’ Further Reading Notes

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Book SynopsisFrom the Sivens forest in France to the Hambach forest in Germany, from the Broadback forest in Canada to the rainforests of Borneo, something has shifted in these wild spaces over the last decade or two. People have begun to inhabit the forests, oppose the loggers and use their bodies as shields, motivated by the determination to resist the lethal ecosystem of commercial exploitation. Forests have become a battleground in the struggle between groups with fundamentally divergent aims and objectives. Forests are made up of insurgents. Jean-Baptiste Vidalou went to see some of these forests and meet those who are defending them: he discovered a completely different way of understanding the world, sharply opposed to the mentality of planners who see forests as just one more territory to be managed. Here he recounts this encounter, relays what these forest peoples and struggles convey, not to offer any recipes or ready-made solutions to the crises of our times but to be the forest, like a force that grows, stem by stem, leaf by leaf, slowly becoming ungovernable.Trade ReviewSelected by Mongabay as one of 10 notable books on conservation and the environment published in 2023 “Jean-Baptiste Vidalou investigates the rise of people fighting for forests around the world… he bristles at the idea that something as wild and unruly as a forest needs to be measured to have value… He also reflects on what he sees as the limitations of the way we currently approach forests, and in doing so, finds a mirror for human society at large.”—Mongabay "We are Forests is the outstanding implementation of a lyrical counter-expertise. Jean-Baptiste Vidalou explains how a political struggle is required to truly understand all the components at stake in our relationship to the environment. If we don’t defend a territory, a forest or a lake, we simply see the proposed changes by engineers, administrations and experts as necessary 'progress', smart management, without being sensitive to the ecological devastation at play."—Frédéric Neyrat, University of Wisconsin-Madison "If you, like me, doubt the only way we can see nature is through the data we so obsessively collect and pore over – trying to detect all that which we cannot see – and wonder if ours is just a newer form of an older, discredited interventionism; or, if, in fact you have pondered about why we still stumble for some kind of 'complete picture' of nature, then this book is for you."—EcosTable of Contents1 Where We Live, Where We Struggle 2 A Country Like No Other 3 A Little History of the Map 4 Friction on the Ground 5 Welcome to the Park! 6 A Genealogy of Territorial Planning 7 Devastating Accounting 8 The Physiocrats and the War on the Commons 9 All That Is Solid Must Be Liquidated 10 Total Calculation 11 From Encampment to Logistics 12 Forests Versus Wood-Energy 13 Bringing the Outside In 14 Returning to Forests, Becoming a Secessionist 15 The New Nomos of the Earth References Notes

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Book SynopsisTwenty metres below water, the oceanographer François Sarano came face to face with a five-and-a-half metre great white shark. Seduced by the gentle elegance of this majestic creature, Sarano experienced a profound sense of affinity with her as they swam side by side, shoulder to shoulder, eye to eye, cutting a single figure through the ocean depths. It was an experience which made him realize the depth of our ignorance of the lives of sharks, leading him to become a passionate advocate for their protection. Drawing on the latest scientific research on the biology and ethology of sharks and their exceptional characteristics, this book aims to break through the barrier of prejudice and to pay homage to their true nature. Representing a last vestige of wildness, their populations are nevertheless under threat – like so many species, they have been hunted and exploited by humans. Sarano argues for a change of mindset in which we lose ourselves in the world of the other, so that each living entity, human and non-human, can take their rightful place in the broader global ecosystem.Trade Review‘In a prior incarnation, François Sarano lived as a shark. Here he shares the experiences of swimming, sensing, feeding and thinking as a shark. The book is a brilliant and beautiful advance towards interspecies communication.’Jesse Ausubel, The Rockefeller University, New York City‘When it comes to our relations with sharks, there’s a lot that needs fixing. Sarano’s passionate, eye-opening book sets the record straight about one of the most misunderstood and unfairly demonized groups of animals on Earth.’Jonathan Balcombe, author of What a Fish Knows and A Boy and a FishTable of ContentsForeword by Sandra Bessudo Introduction: Giving the ‘Voiceless’ a Voice 1. A Matter of Misunderstanding: From Pliny to Disney 2. Shark? What Shark? 3. Giving Life 4. Inside the Shark’s Head 5. On the Road to Personality 6. The Shark, Where it Belongs 7. The Ocean is their Garden 8. Fading Silhouettes 9. The Confrontation 10. Reconciliation Notes List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisThe story of the artistic collaboration between the originators of the ecosex movement, their diverse communities, and the Earth What’s sexy about saving the planet? Funny you should ask. Because that is precisely—or, perhaps, broadly—what Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens have spent many years bringing to light in their live art, exhibitions, and films. In 2008, Sprinkle and Stephens married the Earth, which set them on the path to explore the realms of ecosexuality as they became lovers with the Earth and made their mutual pleasure an embodied expression of passion for the environment. Ever since, they have been not just pushing but obliterating the boundaries circumscribing biology and ecology, creating ecosexual art in their performance of an environmentalism that is feminist, queer, sensual, sexual, posthuman, materialist, exuberant, and steeped in humor.Assuming the Ecosexual Position tells of childhood moments that pointed to a future of ecosexuality—for Annie, in her family swimming pool in Los Angeles; for Beth, savoring forbidden tomatoes from the vine on her grandparents’ Appalachian farm. The book describes how the two came together as lovers and collaborators, how they took a stand against homophobia and xenophobia, and how this union led to the miraculous conception of the Love Art Laboratory, which involved influential performance artists Linda M. Montano, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, and feminist pornographer Madison Young. Stephens and Sprinkle share the process of making interactive performance art, including the Chemo Fashion Show, Cuddle, Sidewalk Sex Clinics, and Ecosex Walking Tours. Over the years, they celebrated many more weddings to various nature entities, from the Appalachian Mountains to the Adriatic Sea. To create these weddings, they collaborated with hundreds of people and invited thousands of guests as they vowed to love, honor, and cherish the many elements of the Earth.As entertaining as it is deeply serious, and arriving at a perilous time of sharp differences and constricting categories, the story of this artistic collaboration between Sprinkle, Stephens, their diverse communities, and the Earth opens gender and sexuality, art and environmentalism, to the infinite possibilities and promise of love.Trade Review"Tuned to the more than human, Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens have married widely and well, mating with the airs, waters, and places of Earth, inviting their companions into profligate kinning for earthly survival. They have taken me on their ecosexual journeys, rolling around with them on their theoretical and performative ground to get sufficiently soiled to be brave enough to join the old whore and the hillbilly in their radical practices of joy, love, and rage. Read this book, revel in its wacky seriousness, risk its call to transformative art and life."—Donna Haraway, author of Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene"This book is a manifesto, a memoir, a call to action, a piece of art, and a love story. As we fight to save our planet, consider Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens’s approach, which is rooted in our bodies and our relationships to one another and nature. Their form of environmental activism smashes binaries, promotes radical inclusivity, and embraces the power of pleasure."—Tristan Taormino, author of Opening Up: A Guide to Creating and Sustaining Open Relationships"Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens give the ‘eco-curious’ a holistic and multifaceted insight into their practice and pedagogy. Through storytelling, poetic manifestos, and detailed descriptions of projects, the artists trace their relentless commitment to all forms of ecosex devotion and offer readers an open-ended guide on how to embody and enact a daily earth-loving practice."—Guillermo Gómez-Peña, performance artist, writer, and artistic director of La Pocha NostraTable of ContentsContentsForeplayUna Chaudhuri Preface: Hello Earthlings! Welcome to Our Book Introduction: Rolling around on the Theoretical GroundEcosexual Glossary1. Our Ecosex Herstories2. First Comes Art, Then Comes Marriage3. The Miraculous Conception of Love Art Lab4. Nascent Ecosexuals: Hello, Green!5. Happy Trails and the Climax of Love Art Lab 6. Off the Beaten Path7. The E.A.R.T.H. Lab Experiments8. An Old Whore and a Hillbilly Make a Splash at documenta 149. Conclusion: Sincerely YoursAfterwordPaul B. PreciadoPostscriptLinda M. Montano Field Guides: Acknowledgments from Beth and AnnieNotesBetween the Covers: Related Books and MoviesIndex

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Book SynopsisThe global environmental future is a matter of major scientific and public importance. Problems such as deforestation, pollution, the loss of natural habitats, and greenhouse-gas induced global warming have grave and often uncertain implications. But what do these processes involve? What is causing them and what will or might be their consequences? Global warming would, for example, have far-reaching effects on sea levels, rainfall, glacier dynamics, and the distribution of plants and animals, as well as on a wide range of human activities. The Changing Global Environment provides a clear, well-integrated account by leading scientists of the nature of change in the earth's natural environment in the past, present and future. Taken as a whole, it is distinguished by its concern to understand and to link environmental variations at local, regional and planetary scales, by its clear analyses of human-environment interactions, by its historical perspective, and by an awareness of the social and political causes and consequences of environmental change. The subject is as complex as it is crucial: the authors have aimed not to simplify but to clarify uncertainties, issues and processes. Written to be accessible to both specialist and non-specialist readers, this book also provides a powerful and stimulating framework for the teaching of environmental issues in higher education.Trade Review"Here we have a genuine attempt by the editor and most of the authors to think in terms of truly world-wide processes, such as those to be found in the ocean-atmosphere system, or at least to describe specific local outcomes of global mechanisms. The concepts and technical information are often complex but the language is accessible and the issues tackled are both interesting and very relevant for geography and environmental science courses. Each chapter is well illustrated and has guidance for further reading." International Journal of Environmental Studies "Aimed largely at an undergraduate audience it would do very well as a source for teachers and senior pupils. This is a good book and I can recommend it as the best available offering of this ilk." Geography "Considering the enormity of topics implied by the title, The Changing Global Environment does a good job, providing a useful overview of many important issues." Journal of PaleolimnologyTable of ContentsList of Contributors. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms. Preface and Acknowledgements. Part I: The Nature of Environmental Change:. 1. The Global Environmental Future: Neil Roberts. 2. Remote Sensing of Environmental Change: Roy Haines-Young. Part II: Global Climate Change: . 3. Past Climates and Future Greenhouse Warming: F. Alayne Street-Perrott and Neil Roberts. 4. Historic Records and Recent Climatic Change: Mike Hulme. 5. Numerical Modelling of Global Climate: Ann Henderson-Sellers. Part III: Ice and Ocean:. 6. Global Warming and Periglacial Landscapes: Eduard A. Koster. 7. Ice Volumes and Climate Change: David Sugden and Nick Hulton. 8. Sea-level Response to Climate: Michael J. Tooley. 9. Tropical Coral Islands - An Uncertain Future?: Tom Spencer. Part IV: The Hydrological System:. 10. Surface Water Acidification: Richard W. Battarbee. 11. Reconstructing the History of Soil Erosion: John Dearing. 12. Large-scale River Regulation: Geoff Petts. Part V: The Tropics:. 13. Savanna Landscapes and Global Environmental Change: Philip Stott. 14. Tropical Moist Forests - Transformation or Conservation?: Peter A. Furley. 15. Land Degradation in the Humid Tropics: Ian Douglas. 16. Dryland Degradation: Andrew Goudie. Part VI: Case Studies of Human Impact:. 17. Case 1: Changing Use of the Sahara Desert: Erhard Schulz. 18. Case 2: The Chesapeake Bay Estuarine System: Grace S. Brush. 19. Case 3: China's Yellow River Basin: Edward Derbyshire and Jingtai Wang. 20. Case 4: Deforestation in the Himalaya: Martin J. Haigh. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA Companion to Environmental Philosophy is a pioneering work in the burgeoning field of environmental philosophy. This ground-breaking volume contains thirty-six original articles exemplifying the rich diversity of scholarship in this field. Contains thirty-six original articles, written by international scholars. Traces the roots of environmental philosophy through the exploration of cultural traditions from around the world. Brings environmental philosophy into conversation with other fields and disciplines such as literature, economics, ecology, and law. Discusses environmental problems that stimulate current debates. Trade Review‘...simply the best 'field-guide' to environmental philosophy anywhere. Dale Jamieson has assembled an insightful set of chapters - the topics are well chosen, the writing is crisp, and the thinking is compelling. The volume is also historically informed, theoretically rich, multicultural, and practical - all especially appreciated strengths.’ William S. Lynn, The Hastings Center, Garrison, NY ‘Featuring both first-rank scholars and superb new scholarship, this volume reflects well the many ways in which environmental philosophy not only pervades, but is also touched by, ancient and modern concerns.’ Paul Waldau, Tufts UniversityTable of ContentsList of contributors x Preface xv PART I: CULTURAL TRADITIONS 1 1 Indigenous perspectives 3LAURIE ANNE WHITT, MERE ROBERTS, WAERETE NORMAN, AND VICKI GRIEVES 2 Classical China 21KARYN L. LA1 3 Classical India 370. P . DWIVEDI 4 Jainism and Buddhism 52CHRISTOPHER KEY CHAPPLE 5 The classical Greek tradition 67GABRIELA R. CARONE 6 Judaism 81ERIC KATZ 7 Christianity 96ROBIN ATTFIECD 8 Islam 111S. NOMANUL HAQ 9 Early modern philosophy 130CHARLES TALIAFERRO 10 Nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophy 146ANDREW BRENNAN PART 11: CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 161 11 Meta-ethics 163JOHN O'NEILL 12 Normative ethics 177ROBERT ELLIOT 13 Sentientism 192GARY VARNER 14 The land ethic 204J. BAIRD CALLICOTT 1 5 Deep ecology 218FREYA MATHEWS 16 Ecofeminism 233VICTORIA DAVION PART 111: ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY AND ITS NEIGHBORS 249 17 Literature 251SCOTT SLOVIC 18 Aesthetics 264JOHN ANDREW FISHER 19 Economics 277A. MYRICK FREEMAN I11 20 History 291IAN SIMMONS 21 Ecology 304KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE 22 Politics 316ROBYN ECKERSLEY 23 Law 331SHEILA JASANOFF PART IV: PROBLEMS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY 347 24 Wilderness 349MARK WOODS 2 5 Population 362CLARK WOLF 26 Future generations 377ERNEST PARTRIDGE 27 Sustainability 390ALAN HOLLAND 28 Biodiversity 402HOLMES ROLSTON I11 29 Animals 41 6PETER SINGER 30 Environmental justice 426ROBERT FIGUFKOA AND CLAUDIA MILLS 3 1 Technology 439LORI GRUEN 32 Climate 449HENRY SHUE 33 Land and water 460PAUL B. THOMPSON 34 Consumption 473MARK SAGOFF 3 5 Colonization 486KEEKOK LEE 3 6 Environmental disobedience 498NED HETTINGER Index 510

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Arthur C. Mathieson and Clinton J. Dawes offer a complete and current treatment of the seaweeds of the Northwest Atlantic, including taxonomic descriptions, keys, and 108 plates of detailed line drawings of this rich assemblage of marine algal species found between the Canadian Arctic and Maryland. It is designed to serve as an up-to-date reference work, classroom text, and field manual for botanists, marine biologists, naturalists, and students learning about the highly diverse marine algal flora of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.The introductory chapter provides a historical review of seaweed studies as well as a description of 15 geographical sites designated in the text. Three chapters on the green, brown, and red alga include more than 256 genera, 510 species, 10 subspecies, 21 varieties, and 14 forms. New taxonomic combinations and descriptions of several previously undescribed taxa are also included in the text. The modern classification reviews molecular as well as reproductive, morphological, and biological data. The work represents more than forty years of research on Northwest Atlantic seaweeds and will aid researchers throughout the Northeast and Southwest Atlantic coasts. The authors detail the taxonomy, morphology, cytology, and name derivation of various taxonomic entities, as well as the ecology and distribution patterns of over 555 taxa. The text includes keys to genera and species, a glossary, and sources of further information.

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Book SynopsisWide-ranging coverage includes information on subjects such as activist movements, agriculture and horticulture, air pollution, alien species and species migration, biodiversity, botany, climate and weather, extinct and endangered species, fish and fishing, genetic engineering and iotechnology, land use and development, noise pollution, oceanography, and population growth.

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Book SynopsisThe record of human impact on world environments is undeniable; scholarship has shown that the ecosystems we live in today are structured by human behavior. Equally undeniable is the fact that events such as war, disaster, disease, or economic decay have, at various times throughout history, led to the human abandonment of particular environments. What happens to a human-structured environment when the way people use it suddenly changes? In Questioning Rebound, authors Emily Lena Jones and Jacob L. Fisher explore the archaeological record of a time when the human footprint on the land abruptly shifted: the period immediately following European contact in the Americas. During this time of disease-driven mortality, genocide, incarceration, and forced labor of Indigenous peoples, American landscapes changed in fundamental ways, producing short-lived ecosystems that later became the basis of myths about the American environments.Questioning Rebound explores the record and the causes of environmental change during the post-Columbian period, featuring case studies throughout the Americas. While both the record for and the apparent causes of the changes in the human footprint vary, the record of post- Columbian environmental change consistently reflects the environmental impacts of past social upheaval.Trade ReviewQuestioning Rebound considers the environmental implications of rebound through an excellent assortment of case studies and reviews from various regions across the Americas. This book makes an important contribution to the field and relates well to other scholarship regarding Americanist archaeology as a whole."—Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch, University of GeorgiaTable of Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1. Questioning Rebound: Placing the Protohistoric in the Context of Anthropogenic Environmental Change Jacob L. Fisher and Emily Lena Jones 2. The “Pristine Myth,” Post-Columbian Environmental Rebound, and Multicausality Emily Lena Jones 3. Apocalypse Then: Searching for Faunal Rebound in the Post-Contact West Indies Christina M. Giovas 4. Animales Salvaje y DomÉsticos: The Environmental Consequences of Spanish Colonization in the Maya Region Asia Alsgaard and Emily Lena Jones 5. Late Holocene Environmental Rebound in Northwest Patagonia: Zooarchaeological, Stable Isotope, Radiocarbon, and Ancient DNA Evidence Gustavo Neme, Cinthia Abbona, Adolfo Gil, Clara Otaola, Jeff A. Johnson, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton 6. Rebound of Fire Regimes in the Dry Forests and Woodlands of the Southwest U.S.A., AD1200–1900 Christopher I. Roos, Thomas W. Swetnam, and Matthew J. Liebmann 7. The Evidence for Wildlife Irruptions in Protohistoric California Jacob L. Fisher 8. Ecological Shifts and Anthropogenic Burning in Central California, AD1250–2000 Anna Klimaszewski-Patterson 9. Environmental Rebound and the Disruption of Indigenous Land Management following European Colonization of Southern New England Elic M. Weitzel 10. Disease, Social Injustice, and Historical Ecology: Reflections on Archaeology and Environmental Rebounds Torben Rick References List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe story of Tasmania’s most controversial forestry giant, the corruption that gave it power and the forces that brought it down.At its peak, Gunns Ltd had a market value of $1 billion, was listed on the ASX 200, was the largest employer in the state of Tasmania and was its largest private landowner. Most of its profits came from woodchipping, mainly from clear-felled old-growth forests. A pulp mill in Tasmania’s Tamar Valley was central to its expansion plans. Gunns’ collapse in 2012 was a major national news story, as was the arrest of its CEO for insider trading.Quentin Beresford illuminates for the first time the dark corners of the Gunns empire and how it was embedded in an anti-democratic and corrupt system of power supported by both main parties, business and unions. Simmering opposition to Gunns and all it stood for ramped up into an environmental campaign not seen since the Franklin Dam protests.Fearless and forensic in its analysis, the book shows that Tasmania’s decades-long quest to industrialise nature fails every time.Trade Review'This is a tale that needed telling. It is an important case history in environmental campaigning and a must-read for anyone interested in fairness and transparency in government.' - Geoffrey Cousins AM, businessman and president of the Australian Conservation Foundation

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Book SynopsisThe documentaries produced by the National Film Board of Canada, an institution profoundly woven into Canada’s cultural fabric, not only influenced cinematic language, but their stunning portrayals of the landscape shaped our perception of the environment and our place in it. Screening Nature and Nation examines how Canadians have engaged with these films and how the depictions of the land and its people have reflected the prevailing attitudes of the times. In the years following the establishment of the NFB in 1939, author Michael Clemens demonstrates how production practices often supported the views of the government regarding the uses and limits of the environment. But, like most institutions, the films evolved, and by the beginning of the 1960s NFB documentaries began to express much broader social concerns. Certain filmmakers began to use their cameras as a means of challenging the dominant modes of thinking about the environment—not as a resource to be exploited but as a dynamic ecosystem. Films were produced that privileged Indigenous perspectives by focusing on the physical, cultural, and spiritual lives of the nation’s first people, offering audiences a glimpse into a social history they may have known little about. Many of the seminal films created in the 1960s and 1970s by the National Film Board of Canada would go on to be adored by audiences world-wide for their portrayal of the landscape and indigenous culture, as well as inspiring a burgeoning environmental activist movement.

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Book SynopsisPoplars and willows form an important component of forestry and agricultural systems, providing a wide range of wood and non-wood products. This book synthesizes research on poplars and willows, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use, issues, problems and trends. Prominence is given to environmental benefits and the importance of poplar and willow cultivation in meeting the needs of people and communities, sustainable livelihoods, land use and development.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Poplars and Willows of the World, with Emphasis on Silviculturally Important Species 3: Ecology and Physiology of Poplars and Willows 4: The Domestication and Conservation of Populus and Salix Genetic Resources 5: Operational Poplar and Willow Culture 6: Environmental Applications of Poplars and Willows 7: Abiotic Stresses 8: Diseases of Poplars and Willows 9: Insect and Other Pests of Poplars and Willows 10: Properties, Processing and Utilization 11: Markets, Trends and Outlook 12: Poplars and Willows for Rural Livelihoods and Sustainable Development 13: Epilogue

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Book SynopsisIf you're interested in the cutting-edge of the very best thinking on economics and the environment, it's right here. Boyce has done a masterful job integrating issues of equity and ecological thinking into economics, and presenting deep and important ideas accessibly with the latest research to back them up. Not just recommended, but essential.'- Juliet Schor, Boston College, US and author of True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans are Creating a Time-rich, Ecologically-light, Small-scale, High-satisfaction Economy'A colleague of mine puts it best: when thinking about the fundamentals of the economy and the environment, there is Pigou, Coase, and Boyce. Boyce adds to traditional economics the critical understanding that social power is a determinant of the extent and spatial scale of environmental degradation. In these essays, on subjects ranging from housing and credit markets to agriculture and globalization, Boyce mixes a data-driven picture of unequal environmental protection with a keen and useful discussion of the many forms of social power that can help right the scales.'- Eban Goodstein, Bard College, USThis fascinating volume has at its heart a simple but powerful premise: that a clean and safe environment is not a commodity to be allocated on the basis of purchasing power, nor a privilege to be allocated through political power, but rather a basic human right. Building upon this premise, James K. Boyce explores the many ways in which economics can be refashioned into an instrument for advancing human well-being and environmental health.Comprising a decade's worth of essays written since the publication of the author's pathbreaking book, The Political Economy of the Environment (2002), this volume discusses a number of diverse environmental issues through an economist's lens. Topics covered include environmental justice, disaster response, globalization and the environment, industrial toxins and other pollutants, cap-and-dividend climate policies, and agricultural biodiversity.The first economics book to explore the idea that the environment belongs in equal measure to us all, this pioneering volume will hold great interest for students, professors and researchers of both economics and environmental studies.Contents: 1. The Environment as Our Common Heritage 2. Is Inequality Bad for the Environment? 3. In the Wake of the Storm: Disasters and Environmental Justice 4. Justice in the Air: Tracking America's Industrial Toxics 5. Where Credit is Due 6. Cap and Dividend: Carbon Revenue as Common Wealth 7. A Chinese Sky Trust 8. A Future for Small Farms 9. Globalization and Our Environmental Future IndexTrade Review'If you're interested in the cutting-edge of the very best thinking on economics and the environment, it's right here. Boyce has done a masterful job integrating issues of equity and ecological thinking into economics, and presenting deep and important ideas accessibly with the latest research to back them up. Not just recommended, but essential.' - Juliet Schor, Boston College, US and author of True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans are Creating a Time-rich, Ecologically-light, Small-scale, High-satisfaction Economy 'A colleague of mine puts it best: when thinking about the fundamentals of the economy and the environment, there is Pigou, Coase, and Boyce. Boyce adds to traditional economics the critical understanding that social power is a determinant of the extent and spatial scale of environmental degradation. In these essays, on subjects ranging from housing and credit markets to agriculture and globalization, Boyce mixes a data-driven picture of unequal environmental protection with a keen and useful discussion of the many forms of social power that can help right the scales.' --- Eban Goodstein, Bard College, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The Environment as Our Common Heritage 2. Is Inequality Bad for the Environment? 3. In the Wake of the Storm: Disasters and Environmental Justice 4. Justice in the Air: Tracking America’s Industrial Toxics 5. Where Credit is Due 6. Cap and Dividend: Carbon Revenue as Common Wealth 7. A Chinese Sky Trust 8. A Future for Small Farms 9. Globalization and Our Environmental Future Index

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Book SynopsisThe Arctic ice cap is melting and scientists are uncertain about how this will affect ecosystems. At the same time, the Arctic is the object of heated political discussion. Who shall extract the oil when the ice disappears? How are marine delimitation lines established? Who will control the new sea routes that are opening up? Who actually owns the Arctic? This volume, edited by a leading academic in the field, brings together some of the most authoritative journal articles on Arctic politics publishes since the end of the Cold War. The articles discuss circumpolar and regional Arctic governance, including the claim that a ‘scramble for the Arctic’ is underway.Along with an original introduction by Professor Hønneland, this collection will be of interest to academics, researchers and students with an interest in the politics of the arctic.Trade Review‘This is a timely and much needed volume that provides the reader with easy access to a wide selection of academic and semi-academic work that has served to set the tone and direction of the international debate on Arctic affairs over the last two decades.’ -- Alf Håkon Hoel, Havforskningsinstituttet, NorwayTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Geir Hønneland The First Arctic Wave PART I THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1. Oran R. Young (1985), ‘The Age of the Arctic’ 2. Clive Archer (1988), ‘General Features of Political Development and Possibilities for Cooperation in the Arctic’ 3. Olav Schram Stokke (1990), ‘The Northern Environment: Is Cooperation Coming?’ 4. J. Enno Harders (1987), ‘In Quest of an Arctic Legal Regime: Marine Regionalism – A Concept of International Law Evaluated’ 5. Alexei Yu Roginko and Matthew J. LaMourie (1992), ‘Emerging Marine Environmental Protection Strategies for the Arctic’ 6. David D. Caron (1993), ‘Toward an Arctic Environmental Regime’ PART II CIRCUMPOLAR COOPERATION 7. Robert L. Friedheim (1988), ‘The Regime of the Arctic - Distributional or Integrative Bargaining?’ 8. David Scrivener (1999), ‘Arctic Environmental Cooperation in Transition’ 9. Oran R. Young (2002), ‘Can the Arctic Council and the Northern Forum Find Common Ground?’ 10. Oran R. Young (2005), ‘Governing the Arctic: From Cold War Theater to Mosaic of Cooperation’ 11. Lassi Heininen and Heather N. Nicol (2007), ‘The Importance of Northern Dimension Foreign Policies in the Geopolitics of the Circumpolar North’ 12. Carina Keskitalo (2007), ‘International Region-Building: Development of the Arctic as an International Region’ 13. Elana Wilson (2007), ‘Arctic Unity, Arctic Difference: Mapping the Reach of Northern Discourses’ 14. Njord Wegge (2011), ‘The Political Order in the Arctic: Power Structures, Regimes and Influence’ 15. Torbjørn Pedersen (2012), ‘Debates over the Role of the Arctic Council’ PART III REGIONAL COOPERATION 16. Christopher Kirkey (1995), ‘Smoothing Troubled Waters: The 1988 Canada–United States Arctic Co-operation Agreement’ 17. Kristian Åtland (2008), ‘Mikhail Gorbachev, the Murmansk Initiative, and the Desecuritization of Interstate Relations in the Arctic’ 18. Iver B. Neumann (1994), ‘A Region-Building Approach to Northern Europe’ 19. Geir Hønneland (1998), ‘Identity Formation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region’ 20. Sergei Medvedev (2001), ‘[the_blank_space] Glenn Gould, Finland, Russia and the North’ 21. Pami Aalto, Simon Dalby and Vilho Harle (2003), ‘The Critical Geopolitics of Northern Europe: Identity Politics Unlimited’ 22. Christopher S. Browning (2003), ‘The Region-Building Approach Revisited: The Continued Othering of Russia in Discourses of Region-Building in the European North’ 23. Geir Hønneland (2010), ‘East–West Collaboration in the European North’ 24. Tore Henriksen and Geir Ulfstein (2011), ‘Maritime Delimitation in the Arctic: The Barents Sea Treaty’ THE SECOND ARCTIC WAVE PART IV THE “SCRAMBLE” FOR THE ARCTIC 25. Scott G. Borgerson (2008), ‘Arctic Meltdown: The Economic and Security Implications of Global Warming’ 26. Margaret Blunden (2009), ‘The New Problem of Arctic Stability’ 27. Charles K. Ebinger and Evie Zambetakis (2009), ‘The Geopolitics of Arctic Melt’ 28. Adriana Craciun (2009), ‘The Scramble for the Arctic’ 29. Elizabeth Elliot-Meisel (2009), ‘Politics, Pride, and Precedent: The United States and Canada in the Northwest Passage’ 30. Klaus Dodds (2010), ‘Flag Planting and Finger Pointing: The Law of the Sea, the Arctic and the Political Geographies of the Outer Continental Shelf’ 31. Ian G. Brosnan, Thomas M. Leschine and Edward L. Miles (2011), ‘Cooperation or Conflict in a Changing Arctic’ 32. Timo Koivurova (2011), ‘The Actions of the Arctic States Respecting the Continental Shelf: A Reflective Essay’ 33. Younkyoo Kim and Stephen Blank (2011), ‘The Arctic: A New Issue on Asia’s Security Agenda’ 34. Margaret Blunden (2012), ‘Geopolitics and the Northern Sea Route’ 35. Nong Hong (2012), ‘The Energy Factor in the Arctic Dispute: A Pathway to Conflict or Cooperation?’ 36. Torbjørn Pedersen (2006), ‘The Svalbard Continental Shelf Controversy: Legal Disputes and Political Rivalries’ PART V NEW ARCTIC GOVERNANCE 37. Olav Schram Stokke (2006), ‘A Legal Regime for the Arctic? Interplay with the Law of the Sea Convention’ 38. Donald Rothwell (2008), ‘The Arctic in International Affairs: Time for a New Regime?’ 39. Oran R. Young (2009), ‘Whither the Arctic? Conflict or Cooperation in the Circumpolar North’ 40. Timo Koivurova (2010), ‘Limits and Possibilities of the Arctic Council in a Rapidly Changing Scene of Arctic Governance’ 41. Oran R. Young (2010), ‘Arctic Governance - Pathways to the Future’ 42. Olav Schram Stokke (2011), ‘Environmental Security in the Arctic: The Case for Multilevel Governance’ 43. Oran R. Young (2011), ‘If an Arctic Treaty is not the Solution, What is the Alternative?’ 44. Shih-Ming Kao, Nathaniel S. Pearre and Jeremy Firestone (2012), ‘Adoption of the Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement: A Shift of the Arctic Regime toward a Hard Law Basis?’

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Book SynopsisIf you're interested in the cutting-edge of the very best thinking on economics and the environment, it's right here. Boyce has done a masterful job integrating issues of equity and ecological thinking into economics, and presenting deep and important ideas accessibly with the latest research to back them up. Not just recommended, but essential.'- Juliet Schor, Boston College, US and author of True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans are Creating a Time-rich, Ecologically-light, Small-scale, High-satisfaction Economy'A colleague of mine puts it best: when thinking about the fundamentals of the economy and the environment, there is Pigou, Coase, and Boyce. Boyce adds to traditional economics the critical understanding that social power is a determinant of the extent and spatial scale of environmental degradation. In these essays, on subjects ranging from housing and credit markets to agriculture and globalization, Boyce mixes a data-driven picture of unequal environmental protection with a keen and useful discussion of the many forms of social power that can help right the scales.'- Eban Goodstein, Bard College, USThis fascinating volume has at its heart a simple but powerful premise: that a clean and safe environment is not a commodity to be allocated on the basis of purchasing power, nor a privilege to be allocated through political power, but rather a basic human right. Building upon this premise, James K. Boyce explores the many ways in which economics can be refashioned into an instrument for advancing human well-being and environmental health.Comprising a decade's worth of essays written since the publication of the author's pathbreaking book, The Political Economy of the Environment (2002), this volume discusses a number of diverse environmental issues through an economist's lens. Topics covered include environmental justice, disaster response, globalization and the environment, industrial toxins and other pollutants, cap-and-dividend climate policies, and agricultural biodiversity.The first economics book to explore the idea that the environment belongs in equal measure to us all, this pioneering volume will hold great interest for students, professors and researchers of both economics and environmental studies.Contents: 1. The Environment as Our Common Heritage 2. Is Inequality Bad for the Environment? 3. In the Wake of the Storm: Disasters and Environmental Justice 4. Justice in the Air: Tracking America's Industrial Toxics 5. Where Credit is Due 6. Cap and Dividend: Carbon Revenue as Common Wealth 7. A Chinese Sky Trust 8. A Future for Small Farms 9. Globalization and Our Environmental Future IndexTrade Review'If you're interested in the cutting-edge of the very best thinking on economics and the environment, it's right here. Boyce has done a masterful job integrating issues of equity and ecological thinking into economics, and presenting deep and important ideas accessibly with the latest research to back them up. Not just recommended, but essential.' - Juliet Schor, Boston College, US and author of True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans are Creating a Time-rich, Ecologically-light, Small-scale, High-satisfaction Economy 'A colleague of mine puts it best: when thinking about the fundamentals of the economy and the environment, there is Pigou, Coase, and Boyce. Boyce adds to traditional economics the critical understanding that social power is a determinant of the extent and spatial scale of environmental degradation. In these essays, on subjects ranging from housing and credit markets to agriculture and globalization, Boyce mixes a data-driven picture of unequal environmental protection with a keen and useful discussion of the many forms of social power that can help right the scales.' --- Eban Goodstein, Bard College, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The Environment as Our Common Heritage 2. Is Inequality Bad for the Environment? 3. In the Wake of the Storm: Disasters and Environmental Justice 4. Justice in the Air: Tracking America’s Industrial Toxics 5. Where Credit is Due 6. Cap and Dividend: Carbon Revenue as Common Wealth 7. A Chinese Sky Trust 8. A Future for Small Farms 9. Globalization and Our Environmental Future Index

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Book SynopsisThe editors of this volume bring together an impressive cast of scholars on the critical relationship of democracy and governance in sustainable development. It offers an outstanding and timely contribution to the literatures in sustainability, political science, and comparative environmental politics.'- Daniel J. Fiorino, American University, US'This very timely and important collection draws together some of the world's leading thinkers on environment and development to debate one of the most important issues of our time: sustainable development. They very usefully remind us all that in order to be politically sustainable, the sustainability transition will have to find a way to maximise policy synergies in a democratically legitimate manner.'- Andy Jordan, University of East Anglia, UKThis insightful book deals with governance of the environment and sustainable development. The contributors explore the difficulties developed countries are experiencing in coming to terms with environmental limits and the resultant challenges to the democratic polity. They engage with different dimensions of the governance challenge including norms, public attitudes, citizen engagement, political conflict, policy design, and implementation, and with a range of environmental problems such as climate change, biodiversity/nature protection, and water management. The book concludes with an essay by William Lafferty that explores the flawed character of the contemporary democratic polity and offers his reflections on possible pathways to reform.This book will interest researchers, academics, and graduate students in environmental politics and public policy. It is ideal for use as supplementary reading in a wide range of university courses, while NGOs and policy-makers will also find it of considerable value.Contributors: C. Aall, S. Baker, E. Bomberg, H.T.A. Bressers, P.-O. Busch, F.H.J.M. Coenen, K. Eckerberg, H. Jörgens, W.M. Lafferty, O. Langhelle, L.J. Lundqvist, J. Meadowcroft, G. Mullally, M. Narodoslawsky, A. Ruud, M.A. SchreursTrade Review‘The editors of this volume bring together an impressive cast of scholars on the critical relationship of democracy and governance in sustainable development. It offers an outstanding and timely contribution to the literatures in sustainability, political science, and comparative environmental politics.’ -- Daniel J. Fiorino, American University, US‘This very timely and important collection draws together some of the world’s leading thinkers on environment and development to debate one of the most important issues of our time: sustainable development. They very usefully remind us all that in order to be politically sustainable, the sustainability transition will have to find a way to maximise policy synergies in a democratically legitimate manner.’ -- Andy Jordan, University of East Anglia, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Governance, Democracy and Sustainable Development: Moving Beyond the Impasse James Meadowcroft, Oluf Langhelle and Audun Ruud 2. A Changing Energy Resource Base and the Re-invention of the Region Michael Narodoslawsky 3. Trends, Drivers and Dilemmas in the Transition Towards Sustainable Water Management Frans H.J.M. Coenen and Hans T.A. Bressers 4. Local Participation and Learning in Nature Protection: A Swedish Success Story Katarina Eckerberg 5. Early Experiences of Local Climate Change Adaptation in Norwegian Society Carlo Aall 6. ‘Think Globally, Act Locally!’ But What on Earth Can Local Governments Do About Global Climate Change? Lennart J. Lundqvist 7. Moving Beyond the Impasse: Climate Change Activism in the US and the EU Elizabeth Bomberg 8. Governance and Participation for Sustainable Development in Ireland: ‘Not So Different After All?’ Gerard Mullally 9. Measuring What? National Interpretations of Sustainable Development – The Case of Norway Oluf Langhelle and Audun Ruud 10. Breaking the Impasse on Global Environmental Protection Miranda A. Schreurs 11. Governance by Diffusion: Exploring a New Mechanism of International Policy Coordination Per-Olof Busch and Helge Jörgens 12. Climate Change, the Common Good and the Promotion of Sustainable Development Susan Baker 13. Pushing the Boundaries: Governance for Sustainable Development and a Politics of Limits James Meadowcroft 14. Governance for Sustainable Development: The Impasse of Dysfunctional Democracy William M. Lafferty Index

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to the topical and methodological breadth and diversity of the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies. The chapters, each written by leading experts in the field, illustrate cutting-edge quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies used in environmental studies research. The Handbook will make an ideal primary or supplemental textbook for graduate research and methods courses. It will also be an excellent resource for environmental studies students, faculty and researchers.'- Robin Leichenko, Rutgers University, US'Usually a book with a title like this is bought by libraries, used occasionally by desperate researchers seeking a new analysis tool. This book is not like that - although between the covers you will find everything need for such emergencies. Rather this is a walk through magic and mystery of environmental science, from cultural aspects to green economy, virtual water to the latest in gaming. Buy and use it for emergencies by all means, but it's a great read too!'- Peter Bridgewater, Centre for Museums and Heritage, The Australian National University'An up-to-date collection of methods and applications for analyzing environmental problems ranging from energy return on energy invested to international trade in virtual water and much else. The book will be of both academic and practical value to ecological economists, geographers, and environmental scientists. Highly recommended.'- Herman E. Daly, University of Maryland, USThis Handbook presents methods to advance the understanding of interdependencies between the well-being of human societies and the performance of their biophysical environment. It showcases applications to material and energy use; urbanization and technological transition; economic growth and social vulnerabilities; development and governance of social and industrial networks; and the role of history, culture, and science itself in carrying out analysis and guiding policy as well as the role of theory, data, and models in guiding decisions.Unique features include:- in-depth presentation of methods and applications in environmental studies- diverse examples of research methods complemented by a wide geographic and thematic range of applications- a careful balance between a review of the state of the art in environmental studies and an exploration of new developments in research methods and applications- strong emphasis on historic, social, and cultural issues together with the life sciences needed to fully assess environmental change- accessibility to a wide readership.Academics and students interested in broadening their knowledge of methods and applications in environmental studies will find this book to be a valuable resource. It will also be of great use to practitioners in environmental agencies looking to gain an insight into particular research methods.Contributors: L. Alçada-Almeida, P. Antunes, E.B. Barbier, A.M.Bassi, C.R. Binder, R. Boyd, L.K. Campbell, J.J.T. Connolly, C. Court, L.C. Dias, A. Drachen, K. Feng, D.R. Fisher, H. Folmer, H. Ghadimi, B. Gill, S. Gößling-Reisemann, C.A.S. Hall, D. Hardy, C. Hartefeld, K. Hubacek, M.E. Ibarrarán, R. Jackson, H.W. Kua, S. Locke, M. Olazabal, M. Paolisso, M. Patterson, M. Popp, D. Reckien, M. Ruth, R. Santos, R. Schoell, J. Schubert, L. Shi, S. Silva, H. Smith, K. Stave, E.S. Svendsen, C. Taiapa, D.S.K. Thomas, P. Von Mouche, N. Videira, J. Zhu, T. ZimmermannTrade Review‘This Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to the topical and methodological breadth and diversity of the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies. The chapters, each written by leading experts in the field, illustrate cutting-edge quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies used in environmental studies research. The Handbook will make an ideal primary or supplemental textbook for graduate research and methods courses. It will also be an excellent resource for environmental studies students, faculty and researchers.’ -- Robin Leichenko, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, US‘Usually a book with a title like this is bought by libraries, used occasionally by desperate researchers seeking a new analysis tool. This book is not like that – although between the covers you will find everything need for such emergencies. Rather this is a walk through magic and mystery of environmental science, from cultural aspects to green economy, virtual water to the latest in gaming. Buy and use it for emergencies by all means, but it’s a great read too!’ -- Peter Bridgewater, Centre for Museums and Heritage, The Australian National University‘An up-to-date collection of methods and applications for analyzing environmental problems ranging from energy return on energy invested to international trade in virtual water and much else. The book will be of both academic and practical value to ecological economists, geographers, and environmental scientists. Highly recommended.’ -- Herman Daly, University of Maryland, College Park, USTable of ContentsContents: PART I: UNDERSTANDING AND SHAPING THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 1. An Introduction to Methods and Applications in Environmental Studies Matthias Ruth 2. Public Meanings of Science and the Environment Simon Locke 3. Cross-Cultural Environmental Research Processes, Principles and Methods – Coastal Examples from Aotearoa/New Zealand Derrylea Hardy, Murray Patterson, Huhana Smith and Caine Taiapa 4. Understanding Culture and Environment Dynamics Using Cultural Consensus Analysis Michael Paolisso 5. Mixed Methods Analysis of Urban Environmental Stewardship Networks James J.T. Connolly, Erika S. Svendsen, Dana R. Fisher and Lindsay K. Campbell 6. The Structured Mental Model Approach Claudia R. Binder, Regina Schoell and Monika Popp 7. Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping: Applications to Urban Environmental Decision-making Marta Olazabal and Diana Reckien 8. Action Research for Coherently Integrated Sustainability Policy Design and Implementation Harn Wei Kua PART II: MODELING RESOURCE USE, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE PROVISION, PRODUCTION AND EMISSIONS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE 9. Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and its Implications for Long-term Prosperity Charles A.S. Hall 10. A Multi-region Input-output Analysis of Global Virtual Water Flows Kuishuang Feng and Klaus Hubacek 11. Dynamic Product-centric MFA Till Zimmermann and Stefan Gößling-Reisemann 12. Network Analysis of Industrial Ecosystems Junming Zhu and Lei Shi 13. Linking Environmental and Economic Frameworks to Model Technology Transitions Randall Jackson, Christa Court and Hodjat Gahdimi 14. System Dynamics for Environmental Application Krystyna Stave 15. Using Participatory System Dynamics in Environmental and Sustainability Dialogues Paula Antunes, Krystyna Stave, Nuno Videira and Rui Santos 16. Analyzing Green Growth: Integrating Models to Assess Green Economy: Methods and Application to Mexico María Eugenia Ibarrarán, Andrea M. Bassi and Roy Boyd 17. Valuing Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems for Storm Protection Edward B. Barbier 18. Are Cities Really Smart? The Environmental Impact of Urban and Rural Municipalities According to Different Methodological Perspectives Johannes Schubert and Bernhard Gill 19. Vulnerability Assessments Deborah S.K.Thomas 20. Multi-criteria Environmental Performance Assessment with an Additive Model Luís C. Dias , Sandra Silva and Luís Alçada-Almeida 21. Gaming on Environmental Issues Casper Harteveld and Anders Drachen 22. Nash Equilibria of Transboundary Pollution Games Henk Folmer and Pierre van Mouche Index

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Book SynopsisThe topics discussed in the Handbook on the Economics of Natural Resources are essential for those looking to understand how best to use and conserve the resources that form the foundation for human well-being. The expert contributors to this Handbook provide insightful solutions to many of the problems that growing populations now face.Organized into four fundamental parts, this book sketches the likely developments in the field of natural resource economics and paves the way for new thinking in the areas of:- nonrenewable resources- modeling of biological resources- conservation of biological resources- water resources.A key source of the most important research in the field, this important book will be of interest to graduate students, instructors and scholars in natural resource economics.Contributors: H.J. Albers, G.S. Amacher, R.M. Auty, E.B. Barbier, O. Bayasgalan, A. Bhaduri, R. Boadway, E.C. Edwards, E.P. Fenichel, G. Gaudet, S. Gopalakrishnan, R.Q. Grafton, R. Griffin, R. Halvorsen, J.M. Hartwick, M. Herrmann, D. Holland, M. Keen, Y. Kuwayama, P. Lasserre, R. Laxminarayan, D.F. Layton, G.D.Libecap, J. Livernois, S.C. Newbold, S. Olmstead, E.J.Z. Robinson, S.W. Salant, J. Siikamäki, H. Thille, S. WheelerTrade Review'This book is essential reading for anyone who wishes to know how the field of Natural Resource Economics - broadly defined - has progressed over the past 20 years, and where it is headed in the future. It is an excellent collection of papers on the subject.' --Maureen Cropper, University of Maryland, College Park and Resources for the Future'With contributions by leading scholars in the field, this book surveys key concepts, methodologies and results from the important field of natural resource economics. The chapters are rigorous and sophisticated, but at the same time accessible to anyone with some graduate-level training in economics. They include both theoretical presentations and real-world discussions that tie the theory to critical resource challenges facing the world today. I highly recommend this either as a textbook for a graduate class in natural resource economics or as a key resource for anyone wanting an overview of state-of-the-art scholarship in this field.' --Kathleen Segerson, University of ConnecticutTable of ContentsContents: PART I NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES 1. Basic Economics of Nonrenewable Resource Use John M. Hartwick 2. The Hotelling Model with Multiple Demands Gérard Gaudet and Stephen W. Salant 3. Empirical Evidence on the Theory of Nonrenewable Resource Economics John Livernois and Henry Thille 4. The Taxation of Nonrenewable Natural Resources Gérard Gaudet and Pierre Lasserre 5. Rent Taxes and Royalties in Designing Fiscal Regimes for Nonrenewable Resources Robin Boadway and Michael Keen 6. The Political Basis of the Resource Curse Richard M. Auty PART II MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7. Bioeconomics: Nature as Capital Eli P. Fenichel, Sathya Gopalakrishnan and Onon Bayasgalan 8. The Forest Harvesting Problem: Have We Reached the Limit of Our Understanding? Gregory S. Amacher 9. Biological Resistance Ramanan Laxminarayan and Markus Herrmann PART III CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 10. Structuring Rights and Privileges in Catch Share Systems Daniel Holland 11. Spatial Economics of Forest Conservation Heidi J. Albers and Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson 12. Ecosystem Services Edward B. Barbier 13. Conservation Prioritization Using Reserve Site Selection Methods Stephen C. Newbold and Juha Siikamaki PART IV WATER RESOURCES 14. Water Economics R. Quentin Grafton and Sarah Wheeler 15. Water Rate Policy: Prescription and Practice Ronald Griffin 16. Water Institutions and the Law of One Price Eric C. Edwards and Gary D. Libecap 17. Water Quality and Economics: Willingness to Pay, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, and New Research Frontiers Yusuke Kuwayama and Sheila Olmstead 18. Transboundary Water Issues Edward B. Barbier and Anik Bhaduri Index

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Book SynopsisThe economic protection of the quality of the environment took shape properly in the middle of the 20th Century when various economic instruments were proposed to policymakers. Today, protecting the environment is essential, as evidenced in the rise in temperatures, the melting of the icecaps, the disappearance of animal species, etc. Moreover, with recent advances in other disciplines (notably in psychology), economists are turning more and more towards non-monetary forms of incentive. However, questions concerning the effectiveness of these forms arise.Incentives and Environmental Policies deals with the role of the economy in protecting the environment by revisiting traditional economic instruments and pursuing an advanced consideration of the role of new forms of incentive. It appears that, in order to strive towards the best possible environmental quality, policymakers will have to take into account the future of many combinations of socially acceptable incentives.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xviiBenjamin OUVRARD and Anne STENGER Chapter 1 The History of Incentives in Environmental Economics 1Nathalie BERTA 1.1 From Pigou to the origins of the concept of externality 3 1.2 Coase theorem 5 1.3 The emergence of environmental externalities in the 1960s 8 1.4 The rift between theory and practice: regulation versus incentive 10 1.5 In search of second-best solutions 13 1.5.1 The emergence of the idea 13 1.5.2 “Least-cost” theorems 17 1.6 Conclusion 20 1.7 References 22 Chapter 2 Environmental Incentives Over Time: From the First Forms of Regulation to the Recognition of Cognitive Biases 25Phu NGUYEN-VAN and Thi Kim Cuong PHAM 2.1 The first forms of environmental regulation 27 2.1.1 Pigovian taxes 27 2.1.2 Externality market 33 2.1.3 Regulatory standards 37 2.2 Different incentives, varying effectiveness 40 2.3 The recent consideration of cognitive biases affecting environmental decisions 43 2.4 References 45 Chapter 3 Environmental Regulation through Nudges 47Benjamin OUVRARD and Anne STENGER 3.1 A look back at the concept of the nudge 48 3.1.1 Cognitive biases and environmental decisions 49 3.1.2 A more detailed exploration of the “nudge” concept 50 3.1.3 Some examples of nudges 51 3.2 Green nudges in the field, in the laboratory and in theory 53 3.2.1 Energy conservation and the conservation of natural resources 53 3.2.2 Green nudges in the laboratory 56 3.2.3 Only good results? 57 3.2.4 Premises of theoretical models 59 3.3 Interesting results, but ethical problems 64 3.3.1 Criticism focusing on manipulation 64 3.3.2 Criticism of the paternalistic aspect of nudges 67 3.3.3 Respect of freedoms and environmental regulation: the impossible choice? 68 3.4 Conclusion 69 3.5 References 70 Chapter 4 Incentives, Prosocial Motivations, and Pro-environmental Public Policies: A Reflection Illustrated by the Waste Management Policy in France 77Cécile BAZART and Rustam ROMANIUC 4.1 Heterogeneous determinants of motivation 80 4.1.1 Internal motivations versus external motivations 80 4.1.2 Social interactions 84 4.2 Waste prevention instruments in France 86 4.2.1 Regulatory motivations 86 4.2.2 The nature of preventative instruments 88 4.3 Tax versus reward: a European perspective 93 4.4 Conclusions and practical implications for heterogeneous determinants of motivation 95 4.5 References 97 Chapter 5 Toward an Endogenization of Incentives? The Role of Education 103Magali JAOUL-GRAMMARE 5.1 Introduction: the global mobilization for the environment 103 5.2 The theoretical mechanisms on which pro-environmental education is based 105 5.2.1 Factors influencing environmental behavior: motivations and incentives 106 5.2.2 Theoretical models 110 5.3 Concrete educational measures implemented 117 5.3.1 Education relative to the environment (ERE) 118 5.3.2 Education in sustainable development (ESD) 123 5.3.3 ESD at the international level 126 5.4 What are the results? Evaluations 128 5.4.1 Limoges regional education authority ESD investigation 129 5.4.2 The MGEN investigation 130 5.5 Conclusion: possible improvements for more effective ESD; the necessity of feedback and efforts at permanence within educational mechanisms 131 5.6 References 132 Conclusion 139Benjamin OUVRARD and Anne STENGER List of Authors 141 Index 143

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Book SynopsisJapan is one of those countries most often affected by powerful natural hazards: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, heavy rains, heavy snowfall, tornadoes, etc. The Archipelago is considered a very advanced country in terms of forecasting, prevention and management of natural disasters. A detailed analysis of the reality of recent years is however necessary. In the run-up to the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, among others, a publication on the subject will inform a large number of people wanting to know more about the risks of natural disasters in Japan.Table of ContentsForeword xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xv Part 1. Hazards, Risks and Disasters 1 Chapter 1. From Hazard to Disaster 3 1.1. Hazard, vulnerability and risk 3 1.2. Disaster 4 Chapter 2. Earth and Fire 7 2.1. Earthquakes 7 2.1.1. Japan, principal seismic country 8 2.1.2. The effects of earthquakes 9 2.2. Volcanoes 13 2.2.1. Japan, principal volcanic country 14 2.2.2. Volcanic risks 16 2.2.3. The benefits of volcanoes 17 Chapter 3. Air and Water 21 3.1. Strong winds 21 3.1.1. Typhoons, spring winds and tornados 22 3.1.2. Risks related to wind 24 3.1.3. The benefits of wind 24 3.2. Rainfall and snowfall 25 3.2.1. Intense rains and flood risk 25 3.2.2. Snow 31 3.3. Heat waves 33 3.3.1. The heat island phenomenon 33 3.3.2. Damage related to heat 34 Part 2. Risk Management 37 Chapter 4. Disaster Prevention 39 4.1. Concepts related to disaster prevention 39 4.2. Laws, plans and budgets 40 4.3. Business continuity plans 43 Chapter 5. Risk Mitigation 45 5.1. Hazard-proof buildings and residences 45 5.1.1. In modern Japan 45 5.1.2. The present day 46 5.2. Securing critical infrastructure 51 5.2.1. A predominantly overhead electrical grid 52 5.2.2. The gas distribution network 53 5.2.3. A water distribution system that is difficult to replace 54 5.2.4. Securing shinkansen high-speed lines 54 5.3. The battle against fires 56 5.3.1. A variable risk 56 5.3.2. Tokyo: a giant tinderbox 58 5.3.3. Taking into account the risk of factory fires 59 5.4. The fight against flooding 59 5.4.1. The fight against coastal flooding 59 5.4.2. The fight against flood rains 64 5.5. The fight against mass movements 66 5.6. The fight against heat islands 67 5.7. The safety of nuclear power plants 69 5.7.1. Establishing new regulations 70 5.7.2. Confronting volcanic eruptions 71 5.7.3. Facing earthquake shocks and tsunamis 72 5.7.4. Facing heavy rains 73 Chapter 6. Disaster Preparedness 75 6.1. Prevention maps and signage 76 6.2. Protection measures and storage 80 6.3. Training, exercises and commemorations 82 6.3.1. School education on disaster prevention 82 6.3.2. Education on disaster prevention for everyone 84 6.3.3. Commemorations 87 6.4. Risk awareness 88 6.4.1. Among Japanese people 88 6.4.2. Among foreigners 89 Chapter 7. Prediction, Monitoring, Warning and Preventive Evacuation 91 7.1. Long-term forecasting 91 7.1.1. Forecasting earthquakes: an impossible dream? 91 7.1.2. Eruptions: limited forecasting 93 7.1.3. The long-term forecasting of meteorological phenomena 95 7.2. Monitoring and short-term forecasting 96 7.2.1. Meteorological monitoring and forecasting 97 7.2.2. Monitoring waterways 98 7.2.3. Monitoring mass movements 99 7.2.4. The detection of seismic and tsunami waves 99 7.2.5. Monitoring volcanic activity 100 7.3. Warnings 102 7.3.1. Earthquake warnings 102 7.3.2. Tsunami warnings 104 7.3.3. Warning in case of volcanic eruption 105 7.3.4. Warnings in case of meteorological phenomena 107 7.3.5. The new emergency warning system 109 7.4. Preventive evacuation 111 7.4.1. Before a violent earthquake 111 7.4.2. Hesitation to evacuate after a violent earthquake in anticipation of tsunami or a fire 112 7.4.3. In case of risk of intense rainfall: to evacuate or not to evacuate? 114 7.4.4. Evacuating in the face of volcanic dangers 116 7.4.5. People requiring special attention 119 7.4.6. Relocation 120 Part 3. Disaster Management 121 Chapter 8. Crisis Management 123 8.1. Mobilization of the authorities . . . . . 124 8.1.1. Crisis management centers 124 8.1.2. Mobilization of rescue teams 125 8.1.3. Management of dead bodies 133 8.2. Mobilization of residents 135 8.2.1. Neighborhood communities and local associations 135 8.2.2. The actions of volunteers 136 8.3. The circulation of information 137 8.3.1. Social networks 137 8.3.2. Rumors 138 8.3.3. Media coverage 140 8.4. Evacuation 143 8.4.1. The initial period in the evacuation centers 144 8.4.2. Mental health 145 8.4.3. Temporary care of non-residents 146 Chapter 9. Restoration and Reconstruction 149 9.1. Rebuilding the lives of disaster victims 149 9.1.1. Life in evacuation centers 149 9.1.2. Security in devastated areas 151 9.1.3. Settlement in temporary housing 152 9.1.4. Prolonged stays in temporary housing 154 9.1.5. Financial tools for reconstructing the lives of disaster victims 155 9.1.6. Moral and psychological support 158 9.2. Restoration and reconstruction of infrastructure 160 9.2.1. Responsibilities and financing 161 9.2.2. Waste management 162 9.2.3. Restoration of vital infrastructure 164 9.2.4. Restoration of public institutions: the example of schools 168 9.2.5. Restoration of businesses 168 9.2.6. Managing reconstruction costs 169 9.3. Demographic and economic development 170 9.4. Political consequences 172 9.5. Memory 173 Conclusion 177 Appendix 179 References 183 Index 203

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Book SynopsisThe great deltas of the globe have been threatened for several decades but their decline now appears to be inevitable; they are receding and losing the fertility that supports their tens of millions of inhabitants. Our deltas are victims of the dramatic deterioration in the volume of continental sediment brought by rivers to the oceans.By nature, deltas are fragile eco- and geological organisms. For centuries, they have been subject to human actions in the Mediterranean and European world, and today a deep crisis is affecting the great tropical deltas. A chapter is also devoted to concerns facing the Mississippi, an “aging delta of the new world”.Sedimentary Crisis at the Global Scale 2 discusses possible strategies to protect the deltas of the world – or at least adapt them and their dependencies to the changes they face. Several models are possible, including comprehensive protection (such as in the Netherlands) and cautious and respectful opening to the forces of the oceans in an environment-first perspective.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1 Deltas: Young, Fragile and Threatened Environments 1 1.1 Long-term construction of deltas: general mechanisms 2 1.1.1 Processes and basic forms 2 1.1.2 Dynamics of construction and redistribution in progress 2 1.1.3 Young and unstable areas 5 1.2 Some of the Earth’s last great natural deltas: two deltas in the Arctic 8 1.2.1 The Lena Delta 8 1.2.2 The Mackenzie Delta 9 1.3 The Earth’s deltas: what is their current situation in the face of terrestrial and marine constraints? 11 1.3.1 The rise in sea levels 11 1.3.2 Sedimentary exhaustion of continents 13 1.3.3 Extraction of resources and accelerated subsidence of deltas 15 1.4 Subsiding deltas in Southeast Asia 16 1.4.1 An example of a young, mainly rural delta, the Huang-He 16 1.4.2 Urbanized deltas in Southeast Asia 16 1.5 Conclusion 25 Chapter 2 Old Societies and Deltaic Crises 27 2.1 Some vulnerable deltas in the Holocene during the long and medium terms 27 2.1.1 The Nile Delta, a condensed version of the history of the African climate 28 2.1.2 The lower Huang-He and its delta: a Holocene metamorphosis under anthropological control 29 2.1.3 The Rhône Delta during the Holocene: fluvial branches and the coastline record the history of its climate and society 35 2.2 The Rhine and the Meuse Deltas: from complete control of fluvial and marine waters to attempts at restoration to a natural state 36 2.2.1 The fight against fluvial floods 36 2.2.2 Hydraulic works and environmental objectives in the dyked zone 39 2.2.3 What kind of compatibility or synergy takes place between fluvial restoration and protection against flooding? 41 2.2.4 Defense of the Netherlands against the sea 42 2.3 Contemporary imbalances in the Old World 47 2.3.1 A delta with a reprieve: the Nile Delta 47 2.3.2 The Rhône Delta: changes in the basin and the delta 52 2.3.3 The Ebro Delta: alone against the sea 54 2.3.4 The delta of the Po plain: historical dispersion of weak points 57 2.3.5 The Danube Delta: still room for hope 59 2.4 Conclusion 61 Chapter 3 Tropical Deltas in Crisis, Between Open and Closed Formations 63 3.1 A delta that is both open and alive: the Ganges and Brahmaputra Delta 63 3.1.1 Rivers and a delta 64 3.1.2 The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna plain, the most populated and the poorest on Earth 65 3.2 The Mekong Delta in a suspended status 78 3.2.1 A technical machine, constantly more complex 78 3.2.2 Extremely worrying emerging factors 87 3.2.3 What will be the management choices in the future? Giving preference to the scale of the basin 95 3.3 The Niger Delta: unlimited exploitation of black gold 97 3.3.1 The deltaic zone 97 3.3.2 The effects of the extraction of hydrocarbons on the environment 98 3.3.3 Serious social and political stakes at play 101 3.4 The Indus Delta, dramatically dried out 103 3.4.1 The delta and its coast 103 3.4.2 The deleterious effects of dams on water and sediment fluxes 103 3.4.3 A serious environmental, economic and social crisis 104 3.5 The Ayeyarwady, initial symptoms of imbalance? 106 3.5.1 Burma, a country on the cusp of development 106 3.5.2 The Ayeyarwady, an enormous conveyor belt 107 3.5.3 The delta: crisis or stability? 107 3.6 Conclusion 109 Chapter 4 The Aging Delta of a Country in the New World, the Mississippi 111 4.1 New Orleans: an “inevitable city on an impossible site” 111 4.1.1 “Discovering” the river 111 4.1.2 At the origins of New Orleans 112 4.1.3 An area with serious issues at stake 113 4.2 Floods and protection of the lower Mississippi valley and the delta since 1717 116 4.2.1 Initial protections 116 4.2.2 The beginning of generalized protections 117 4.2.3 The 1927 flood in the Mississippi valley 118 4.2.4 The Jadwin plan (1928) 119 4.2.5 Current protection elements 120 4.3 The “deltas” in the lower Mississippi valley, from wilderness to the current crisis 120 4.4 The Mississippi Delta stricto sensu: a natural zone in crisis 124 4.4.1 Flow and landscape dynamics 124 4.4.2 The Atchafalaya and its deltaic lobes 127 4.4.3 The conversion of delta marshes into free water and coastal regression 129 4.5 Hurricanes and their effects on the Mississippi Delta 132 4.5.1 Hurricane Katrina 132 4.5.2 What does the future hold for New Orleans? 134 4.6 Sediments in the Mississippi and equilibrium of the delta 137 4.6.1 Simply a reduction in inputs or a sediment deficit? 137 4.6.2 The rise in sea levels and climate change 138 4.6.3 Reconstruction of the marshes 138 4.6.4 Sedimentary management of deltaic branches and the future of the marshes 139 4.6.5 Coastal protection plan 140 4.7 Conclusion 141 Chapter 5 What Strategies Can Help Overcome the Delta Crisis? 143 5.1 Delta dynamics: contrasting budgets on a global scale 143 5.1.1 The progress of analytical approaches adds complexity to the understanding of deltas on a global scale 143 5.1.2 The unforeseen effects of scientific choices 145 5.1.3 Open, vulnerable systems 147 5.2 Some control logic for rivers and deltas 148 5.2.1 Situations involving crises and knowledge 148 5.2.2 Contemporary hydraulic engineering pitted against the dynamics of economic domination 149 5.2.3 Scientific knowledge at the service of policies on rivers and on their deltas: the case of the Mekong 151 5.2.4 Avatars and tribulations of geopolitics 153 5.2.5 Expert appraisal and conquest of engineering markets on deltaic land 154 5.3 What sustainability is there for deltas in the 21st Century? Comparative approaches 158 5.3.1 The typology of deltas as a function of the changes expected in the risk profile 158 5.3.2 Typology of deltas as a function of their energy consumption 159 5.3.3 The degree of vulnerability or the relative vulnerability of deltas to current changes 160 5.3.4 The notion of the tipping point of a delta and of the socioeconomic system 161 5.4 Actions at the scale of the continental fluvial system to rebalance the deltaic systems 162 5.4.1 Implementation of actions of sedimentary management 162 5.4.2 Establishment of current and future sediment budgets 165 5.5 The actions developed in the deltaic system in response to crisis situations 166 5.5.1 Structural solutions: dykes and fluvial levees 166 5.5.2 Some solutions for correction of the sedimentary deficit of deltaic plains 169 5.5.3 The sustainable solutions 171 Conclusion 177 Glossary 179 References 185 Index of Place Names 205 Index of Common Words 211

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Book SynopsisDue to its particular characteristics, the Mediterranean Sea is often viewed as a microcosm of the World Ocean. Its proportionally-reduced dimensions and peculiar hydrological circulation render it susceptible to environmental and climatic constraints, which are rapidly evolving. The Mediterranean is therefore an ideal site to examine, in order to better understand a number of key oceanographic phenomena. This is especially true of the Ligurian Sea where, due to its geology, oceanic conditions are found close to the coast. As such, 30 years ago, an offshore time-series site provided a fresh impetus to a long history of marine biology research, which has generated a very important body of data and knowledge. This is the first volume, in a two-volume series, that summarizes this research. Across these two books, the reader will find 13 chapters that examine the geology, physics, chemistry and biology of the Ligurian Sea ? always with the goal of providing key elements of oceanography in a changing world.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. The Development of Knowledge of the Ligurian Sea 1Paul NIVAL 1.1. The first naturalists on the shores of the Ligurian Sea 1 1.2. Vertical structure of the Mediterranean and hydrodynamics 4 1.3. Flow rate of the Ligurian Current 8 1.4. Mesoscale structures in the Ligurian Sea: hydrodynamic front and the search for spatial precision 9 1.5. The seabed and living species 11 1.6. Study of chemical substances in the Ligurian Sea 12 1.7. Towards a synoptic vision of the Ligurian Sea.Remote sensing 13 1.8. Towards continuous observation and environmental monitoring 15 1.9. References 16 Chapter 2. The Ligurian Basin: A Geomorphologic and Geological Background 27Jean MASCLE, Sébastien MIGEON and Virginie HASSOUN 2.1. Introduction 27 2.2. Geographic and geological boundaries 27 2.3. Origin and geological evolution of the Ligurian basin and of its margins: a brief review 29 2.3.1. Birth of the Ligurian basin 29 2.3.2. Creation and evolution of the Ligurian Sea continental margins 32 2.4. Morphology of the Ligurian Sea 35 2.4.1. General morphology 35 2.4.2. Submarine canyons 37 2.5. Sedimentary cover and sedimentary processes 38 2.5.1. Evolution of the sedimentary cover 38 2.5.2. Prevailing sedimentary mechanisms 41 2.6. A few concluding remarks 45 2.7. References 47 Chapter 3. Physical Oceanography of the Ligurian Sea 49Louis PRIEUR, Fabrizio D’ORTENZIO, Vincent TAILLANDIER and Pierre TESTOR 3.1. Introduction 49 3.2. Circulation patterns from large scale to frontal dynamics 50 3.3. Observation time series: sentinel of the Mediterranean Sea 64 3.4. Discussion and conclusion 72 3.5. References 74 Chapter 4. The Carbonate System in the Ligurian Sea 79Laurent COPPOLA, Jacqueline BOUTIN, Jean-Pierre GATTUSO, Dominique LEFEVRE and Nicolas METZL 4.1. Introduction 79 4.2. Distribution of the carbonate system in the Ligurian Sea 83 4.3. The seasonal cycle in surface water 85 4.4. Long-term changes in the carbonate system and acidification 89 4.4.1. Surface trends 89 4.4.2. Interior trends 92 4.5. Changes in the carbonate system in the Ligurian Sea in the Mediterranean Sea and global contexts 95 4.6. Conclusion 97 4.7. Acknowledgments 97 4.8. References 98 Chapter 5. Emission Sources, Fluxes and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nutritive Resources 105Christophe MIGON, Orens PASQUERON DE FOMMERVAULT and Fayçal KESSOURI 5.1. Introduction 105 5.2. What is required for biological development? 106 5.3. Sources of nutrients 110 5.3.1. External sources 110 5.3.2. Inputs from deep layers 117 5.3.3. Budgets 118 5.4. Seasonal patterns 119 5.5. Spatial distribution 121 5.6. Chemical limitation of primary production 122 5.6.1. The Redfield model 122 5.6.2. Peculiarity of N:P molar ratios in the Ligurian area 123 5.6.3. Model of P-limitation 125 5.7. Decadal trends and possible consequences for regional productivity 127 5.8. Concluding remarks 129 5.9. References 129 Chapter 6. Primary Production in the Ligurian Sea 139Nicolas MAYOT, Paul NIVAL and Marina LEVY 6.1. Annual cycle of phytoplankton biomass, production and community structure in the Ligurian Sea 139 6.1.1. Regional context of the area 139 6.1.2. The diversity of phytoplankton species: the base of community ecology 142 6.1.3. Phytoplankton community structure 146 6.2. From the influence of small spatiotemporal features to the interannual and long-term variability 150 6.3. Modeling the impact of the physics on phytoplankton growth and distribution 152 6.4. References 154 Chapter 7. Pelagic Viruses, Bacteria and Archaea 165Markus WEINBAUER and Branko VELIMIROV 7.1. Background 165 7.1.1. Microbial food webs 166 7.1.2. Microbe-mediated ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycles 167 7.2. Study sites 168 7.3. Diel variability of micro-organisms 168 7.4. Seasonal variability of micro-organisms 170 7.5. Variability of micro-organisms: sunlight versus dark ocean 172 7.6. Effect of episodic events on micro-organisms: upwelling and aerosols 174 7.6.1. Upwelling 174 7.6.2. Sahara dust aerosols 175 7.6.3. Volcano ash aerosols 177 7.6.4. Black carbon-rich aerosols 178 7.6.5. Conclusions 179 7.7. Effect of turbulence on micro-organisms 180 7.8. Effect of global warming and ocean acidification on micro-organisms 180 7.9. Effect of P-limitation on micro-organisms 181 7.10. Effect of viral lysis and flagellate grazing on prokaryotic diversity and growth 182 7.11. Nanobacteria, ultramicrobacteria and starvation forms 184 7.12. Microbial diversity hypothesis 185 7.13. Horizontal gene transfer 185 7.14. Acknowledgments 186 7.15. References 186 Acronyms 193 Glossary 197 List of Authors 215 Index 217 Summary of Volume 2 219

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Book SynopsisThe legitimacy of environmental policies is an issue of increasing concern for analysts. Ecological stakes are deemed to be global, but global public decisions are rare and implemented with difficulty. Dissensus prevails on environmental ethics and there is little evidence of any greening of policy tools. The global framing of the environment fails to account for how people relate to the ecological realities which surround them. Rather than placing the environment at a distance, Politicization of Ecological Issues advocates for building legitimacy from people’s perceptions of singular forms and patterns in their environment. Based on scholarly literature in political ecology and empirical cases of water policy in Europe, the book shows how the qualification of environmental realities has been politicized and translated into motives for public action. Similarly, it argues that theoretical debates addressing the ecological crisis are not only dealing with ideas, but rather advocating for specific environmental forms that are deemed to be motives of hope or worry.Table of ContentsIntroduction vii Chapter 1. How Can We Study Environmental Policies? 1 1.1. Interests and limits of an approach to the environment through policy instruments 2 1.2. Defining the environment 6 1.3. Perception of environmental forms and motives 8 1.4. Perception of institutions in the environment 15 1.5. Emerging environmental policy issues 20 Chapter 2. Politicization and Institutionalization of the Environment 23 2.1. Environmental motives between singularity and generality 23 2.2. Putting motives into politics by greening 26 2.3. Frames of environmental forms: the contributions of political ecology 31 2.4. Stabilization of patterns by co-production 41 2.5. A framework for analyzing the politics of environmental motives 43 Chapter 3. Stabilized Motives of Freshwater Quality Control in Europe 49 3.1. The environmental motives of freshwater control policy 50 3.1.1. Self-purification and the sacrificed river, motives for authorizing polluting discharges 53 3.1.2. Fish mortality, a conservative motive for banning pollution 59 3.1.3. Trout, an ambiguous motive between liberalism and nationalism 65 3.1.4. Migratory fish as a motive for banning dams 70 3.1.5. Eutrophication, a European motive 75 3.2. Use of environmental motives in political work 79 3.2.1. Adjustment of political work to the consistency of the environmental motives of the water police 81 3.2.2. Plurality of ontologies of environmental motives in water policing 82 3.2.3. Modalities for implementing the environmental motives of the water quality control in politics 85 Chapter 4. Motives Under Discussion in Two Water Agencies 89 4.1. The water agencies model 92 4.2. Two water agencies as reflected by their institutional and environmental motives 99 4.2.1. Policy divisions between Seine-Normandie and Rhône-Méditerranée and Corse 100 4.2.2. Containment or generalization of the motive for cash flow constraint 103 4.2.3. The crystallization of the Rhône River motive 109 4.2.4. The politicization of the Paris conurbation’s motive 113 4.3. Use of motives in political work in both agencies 117 Chapter 5. Motives for Anticipating the Ecological Crisis 123 5.1. The theory of ecological modernization and its motives 124 5.2. The forum for political ideas on the ecological crisis 130 5.2.1. Mapping of the intellectual forum in sociology and political science on the ecological crisis 131 5.2.2. Forum dynamics 134 5.3. The Anthropocene motive 137 Conclusion 143 References 159 Index 185

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Book SynopsisWhere the environment is concerned, regardless of scale, the logic of the Native American hummingbird which �does its part� should prevail. To act independently of others is indeed the sine qua non of the global shift towards a regenerative economy of humanity and ecosystems, expurgating the pervading pollution (particularly from oil use). Small- and medium-sized enterprises, which this book especially targets, do not need disproportionately-sized study facilities in order to reduce their impact on global warming. Climatic Impact of Activities provides valuable methodological and practical support for establishing a complete and reliable diagnosis of the greenhouse effect, and for planning the corresponding corrective actions. This book guides the reader step by step in developing an informed emissions assessment with realistic and advanced case studies, in full compliance with official methodological recommendations.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1. Overview of the Scientific Basis for the Greenhouse Effect and Geocycles 1 1.1. Greenhouse effect 1 1.2. The additional criteria of the emissions in the atmosphere 3 1.2.1. The carbon geocycle 3 1.2.2. The water geocycle 9 1.3. Answers to exercises in Chapter 1 11 Chapter 2. General Methodology for Quantification of a Climate Footprint 15 2.1. Description of the problem 15 2.2. Identification of the greenhouse gases to be included 15 2.3. Quantification of the impact of greenhouse gases on the climate: radiative forcing 17 2.4. Quantification of the relative climate impact: the Global Warming Potential 18 2.5. Climate impact of gases in relation to their quantity: the emission factor of greenhouse gases 23 2.6. Impact of greenhouse gas emission processes on the climate: the emissions factor of any material 23 2.7. Impact of an activity on the climate: generalization of the characterization of flows 25 2.8. Answers to the exercises in Chapter 2 27 Chapter 3. Quantification of the Climate Footprint of an Organization: Methodology of the Balance of Emissions 33 3.1. The various methods 33 3.2. The broad-spectrum greenhouse gas emission balance 34 3.3. The system at hand: processes and flows 38 3.4. Data harvesting 39 3.5. The case of the regulatory greenhouse gas emission balance in France 40 3.6. Answers to the exercises in Chapter 3 43 Chapter 4. Calculation of Emissions 47 4.1. Emissions due to the use of energy 47 4.2. Other direct emissions (excluding energy) 49 4.3. Emissions due to manufacturing of inputs 49 4.4. Emissions due to transport of merchandise 50 4.4.1. Road transport 50 4.4.2. Non-road transport 61 4.5. Emissions due to movements of people 61 4.6. Emissions due to waste treatment 62 4.7. Emissions due to the production of tangible assets 66 4.8. Emissions due to the use of products 68 4.9. Emissions due to the end of life of products 72 4.10. Calculation of uncertainties 73 4.10.1. Emissions due to the incineration of plastic waste (see section 6.1.3.7.3) 76 4.10.2. Emissions due to transportation of sawdust supplies (see section 6.1.3.5.2) 77 4.11. Answers to the exercises in Chapter 4 79 Chapter 5. Results Analysis 81 5.1. Recommended actions 81 5.2. Interpreting balances 81 5.3. Carbon dashboard 83 5.4. Answer to the exercise in Chapter 5 84 Chapter 6. Case Studies 85 6.1. Case study 1: brickworks 86 6.1.1. Description of the activity and challenge in the exercise 86 6.1.2. Activity data and emissions factors 87 6.1.3. Calculation of emissions 97 6.1.4. Recap of the quantification of emissions 117 6.1.5. Recommendations 118 6.2. Case study 2: vineyard 126 6.2.1. Description of the activity 126 6.2.2. Challenge in this exercise 126 6.2.3. Specifications about the activity and questions 127 6.2.4. Activity data 127 6.2.5. Answer to case study 2: winemaking industry 132 6.3. Case study 3: factory for production of animal feed 137 6.3.1. Description of the activity 137 6.3.2. Challenge in this exercise 139 6.3.3. Specific activity data 139 6.3.4. Answer to case study 3: factory for production of animal feed 140 Conclusion 163 Appendices 165 Appendix 1. For a Physical Economy 167 Appendix 2. Explanation of the Calculation Methods for Emissions due to Transport of Merchandise 183 Appendix 3. Accounting of Emissions due to the Production of Fixed Assets 191 Appendix 4. Emissions Related to Journeys Made Between the Brickworks and Employees’ Places of Residence: Analysis of Sensitivity to Calculation Hypotheses (Case Study 1) 203 References 209 Index 217

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at companies, researchers, consultants, consumers, students and any interested public interested in the subject, the reflections and practices of the circular economy. As part of the draft law on the circular economy in France, the authors (researchers and experts) analyze the data and the reflections and base their arguments on real examples in order to propose solutions and recommendations for a green economy. It gives an updated overview of the reflections and practices around the circular economy. The book is divided into three parts: - The company and its functions, innovative business models - The institutional, legislative and normative framework - Some sectors of activity with the prism of the circular economyTable of ContentsForeword xiiiFrançois-Michel LAMBERT Introduction xviiKaren DELCHET-COCHET Part 1. The Circular Economy, Between Framework and Stakes 1 Chapter 1. The Circular Economy: Historical Perspective and Contemporary Issues 3Franck AGGERI 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. From the origins of the reflections on the circular economy to its inclusion on the public agenda 4 1.2.1. The reasons for the enthusiasm 5 1.2.2. Circular economy as a new rational utopia 7 1.3. Is the circular economy really a new practice? 8 1.3.1. Circular economy, mode 1 8 1.3.2. Circular economy, mode 2 9 1.4. Obstacles to the circular transition to mode 2 10 1.4.1. Local value creation 11 1.4.2. The need for a new industrial policy 11 1.5. References 12 Chapter 2. The Circular Economy and Lifecycle 13Christian BRODHAG 2.1. Resources 14 2.2. Environmental context 16 2.2.1. The global question 18 2.3. Methods to address the circular economy 20 2.3.1. Historical background: from industrial ecology to circular economy 20 2.3.2. The lifecycle approach 20 2.3.3. Eco-design 22 2.4. Political and normative processes 22 2.4.1. The European and French approaches. 22 2.4.2. ISO standardization 24 2.5. Conclusion 25 2.6. References 26 Chapter 3. Circular Economy: Transformation of the Labor Market and Change in Human Resources Management Practices 29David MORIEZ 3.1. Introduction 29 3.2. The circular economy, labor market and jobs 31 3.2.1. The circular economy: a response to the regionalization of unemployment 32 3.2.2. The circular economy: a response to structural unemployment 35 3.2.3. The circular economy: “green jobs” and “greening jobs” 36 3.3. The circular economy and human resources management practices 38 3.3.1. Green human resources management (green HRM) 38 3.3.2. Green human resources management practices39 3.4. Conclusion 41 3.5. Appendix 1 42 3.6. Appendix 2 43 3.7. Appendix 3 47 3.8. References 48 Chapter 4. The Role of Education in the Ecological and Circular Transition: Current Situation and Prospects 53Dominique BONET FERNANDEZ 4.1. Introduction 53 4.2. Findings and challenges for universities and companies 54 4.2.1. Multidisciplinary challenges, requiring a review of training courses 55 4.2.2. The companies and universities concerned 55 4.3. How to meet the skills and training needs of the circular economy? 56 4.3.1. From Green Plan to education for sustainable development 56 4.3.2. A wide range of skills 57 4.3.3. Towards new practices 57 4.4. An initiative provided by the French Virtual University for Environment and Sustainable Development 60 4.5. The proposed 2019 law on the generalization of education on issues related to the preservation of the environment and biological diversity and climate change within the framework of global boundaries 61 4.6. Legislative proposals to be closely monitored 62 4.7. Conclusion 64 4.8. References 65 Chapter 5. Boosting the Circular Economy through Proximity: The New Competences of Local Authorities 67Karine FABRE and Alexis POKROVSKY 5.1. What scale for proximity? 68 5.2. Understanding the territorial levels: sharing of competences in the context of waste management 70 5.2.1. Historical expertise in waste management acquired by municipalities 70 5.2.2. Territorial tiering of competences 71 5.3. The levers for steering the circular economy 74 5.3.1. An increasingly environmentally oriented public procurement 75 5.3.2. Some examples of public practices or policies: between responsible purchasing and waste reduction at source 76 5.4. Conclusion 77 5.5. References 77 Part 2. Circular Economy: A Few Tools and Approaches 79 Chapter 6. Example of a Pioneering Approach to the Circular Economy: Cradle to Cradle 81Anne DE BÉTHENCOURT 6.1. The origins of Cradle to Cradle 82 6.1.1. Thus, Cradle to Cradle was born82 6.1.2. The founding principle: design differently and “upcycle” to create “positive loops” 83 6.1.3. Counter false good ideas 85 6.2. Creating resilient models 85 6.2.1. High-performance business models 85 6.2.2. The material passport, a key factor in traceability 86 6.2.3. Promoting the abundance of renewable energies 86 6.2.4. A recognized approach 86 6.2.5. A demanding approach 87 6.3. Some examples of C2C certified products 88 6.3.1. Carpets 88 6.3.2. Buildings 88 6.3.3. Fashion 89 6.3.4. Cleaning products 90 6.4. Conclusion 91 6.5. References 91 Chapter 7. From the Circular Economy to Industrial and Territorial Ecology Approaches: What Modes of Governance to Ensure their Sustainability? 93Valérie FERNANDES 7.1. Introduction 93 7.2. Leverages and obstacles to the sustainability of ITE approaches: findings and analysis 94 7.2.1. Circular economy and ITE approaches: definition and key elements 94 7.2.2. Success factors and obstacles to the sustainability of ITE approaches 96 7.3. The modes of governance of ITE approaches 99 7.3.1. Key elements 99 7.3.2. The modes of governance of ITE approaches 100 7.4. Articulation of ITE approaches on the same territory: the example of the La Rochelle territory 102 7.4.1. Presentation of the three approaches 102 7.4.2. Challenges, risks and opportunities 104 7.5. Conclusion 108 7.6. References 108 Chapter 8. Sharing Economy, a Driving Force of the Circular Economy? 111Catherine LEJEALLE 8.1. Introduction 111 8.2. Web 2.0 disrupts consumption practices 112 8.2.1. Arguments over definitions 112 8.2.2. Mapping the sharing economy 114 8.3. The circular economy in Moore’s chasm 115 8.3.1. The pillars of the circular economy and the role of consumption 115 8.3.2. Adoption of the circular economy: consumer behavior 116 8.3.3. Moore’s chasm to cross 117 8.4. The uses of the sharing economy 118 8.4.1. Motivations 118 8.4.2. Percolation of uses 120 8.5. Conclusion 121 8.6. References 122 Chapter 9. The Circular Economy from the Perspective of Voluntary Standardization 125Anne BENADY, Melodie MERENDA and Mérylle AUBRUN 9.1. Why and how has voluntary standardization appropriated the concept of the circular economy? 125 9.1.1. A need expressed by economic actors 125 9.1.2. Towards an ISO standard 128 9.2. The main principles of the XP X30-901 standard 129 9.2.1. Structure and content of the reference framework 130 9.3. The circular economy project management standard, a suitable tool for evaluating, enhancing and improving projects 133 9.3.1. Towards a “Circular Economic Assessment” 133 9.3.2. First feedback from users 134 9.4. References 135 Part 3. Activity Sectors through the Prism of the Circular Economy 137 Chapter 10. Circular Economy and Construction 139Vincent AUGISEAU 10.1. Introduction 139 10.2. Global environmental issues related to construction 139 10.3. Sixteen elements of definition 141 10.3.1. Three principles of the circular economy according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation 143 10.3.2. Definitions from the six levers for a transition to a circular economy according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation 144 10.3.3. Definitions according to a strategy similar to an R scale 145 10.3.4. Definitions according to the stages of a building’s lifecycle 146 10.3.5. Definitions of the circular economy close to that of sustainable development 147 10.3.6. Cross-referenced analysis of definitions 148 10.4. Policies and projects aiming to apply the concept of the circular economy to construction 148 10.4.1. Policies 148 10.4.2. Research and development projects 149 10.4.3. Construction and urban development projects 150 10.5. Four main limitations 150 10.5.1. An uncertain delimitation of the scope of the circular economy between waste management and sustainable development 151 10.5.2. Low consideration of the territorial context 152 10.5.3. A scale for the application of the circular economy concept that is too narrow 153 10.5.4. Insufficient coordination between the circular economy and spatial planning 153 10.6. Conclusion 154 10.7. References 154 Chapter 11. Understanding the Concept of Waste to Avoid its Production 159Yvon PESQUEUX 11.1. Introduction 159 11.2. Waste defined as that which crosses a boundary 161 11.3. The ambiguity of waste 163 11.4. Institutional definitions of waste 164 11.5. Lifecycle analysis 169 11.6. Conclusion: arguing about boundaries 171 11.7. References 173 Chapter 12. When Fashion Brands Try to Adopt a Circular Economy 175Bénédicte BOURCIER-BÉQUAERT, Karen DELCHET-COCHET and Valérie FERNANDES 12.1. Introduction 175 12.2. State of play 177 12.2.1. The circular economy: main principles and application in companies 177 12.2.2. CE in textile companies in France: a waste-based approach 179 12.3. Methodology 182 12.4. Results 183 12.4.1. There is a collector and… a collector 183 12.4.2. A still partial implementation of the CE 184 12.5. The limits of the actions implemented 187 12.6. Conclusion 189 12.7. References 190 Chapter 13. The Circular Economy and Packaging: Challenges and Avenues for Reflection 193François CABARET 13.1. Division function 195 13.1.1. Bulk goods 196 13.1.2. The sale in unit packaging 197 13.1.3. Sales in the so-called family or “giant” promotional packaging 197 13.2. Protection function 197 13.3. Marketing and communication functions 200 13.4. Service functions 201 13.5. Reflection points 202 13.6. Conclusion 202 13.7. References 203 Chapter 14. The Circular Economy and Toy Sector 205Karen DELCHET-COCHET and Coralie DAMAY 14.1. The toy sector between impact and innovation 206 14.1.1. The main characteristics of the toy sector 206 14.1.2. The circular economy in the toy sector: a lifecycle perspective 208 14.2. A toy is more than “just a product” 213 14.2.1. Toys, the company’s flagship products 213 14.2.2. A brief historical return 214 14.2.3. The role of the toy in educating the future consumer? 215 14.2.4. Toys and environmental education 215 14.2.5. The toy, a role to be redefined 216 14.3. To conclude: proposals for rethinking our relationship with toys 218 14.4. References 219 Postface 223Jean-Louis BERGEY List of Authors 227 Index 229

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Book SynopsisDue to its particular characteristics, the Mediterranean Sea is often viewed as a microcosm of the World Ocean. Its proportionally-reduced dimensions and peculiar hydrological circulation render it susceptible to environmental and climatic constraints, which are rapidly evolving. The Mediterranean is therefore an ideal site to examine, in order to better understand a number of key oceanographic phenomena. This is especially true of the Ligurian Sea where, due to its geology, oceanic conditions are found close to the coast. As such, 30 years ago, an offshore time-series site provided a fresh impetus to a long history of marine biology research, which has generated a very important body of data and knowledge. This is the second volume, in a two-volume series, that summarizes this research. Across these two books, the reader will find 13 chapters that examine the geology, physics, chemistry and biology of the Ligurian Sea ? always with the goal of providing key elements of oceanography in a changing world.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in the Ligurian Sea 1Chiara SANTINELLI 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. Why dissolved organic carbon? 1 1.1.2. Why dissolved organic carbon in the Ligurian Sea? 3 1.2. Dissolved organic carbon vertical distribution in the Ligurian Sea 5 1.3. Dissolved organic carbon temporal variability at the DYFAMED station 8 1.3.1. Seasonal variability in the upper 50 m 10 1.3.2. Dissolved organic carbon stocks (0–50 m) 12 1.4. Dissolved organic carbon surface distribution 12 1.5. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter 15 1.6. Carbon export to depth 16 1.6.1. Winter mixing 16 1.6.2. Deep-water formation 17 1.6.3. Particulate organic carbon export 19 1.7. Dissolved organic carbon stocks and fluxes 20 1.8. Main remarks and future directions 22 1.9. Acknowledgements 24 1.10. References 24 Chapter 2. Dynamics and Export of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) 31Beat GASSER, Scott W. FOWLER and Juan-Carlos MIQUEL 2.1. Historical developments of POC flux studies 31 2.2. POC in the Ligurian Sea 35 2.2.1. Carbon biogeochemistry 35 2.2.2. Export flux, key contributors and processes 42 2.2.3. Modeling POC dynamics 52 2.3. Present status of POC flux and dynamics in the Ligurian Sea 54 2.4. References 57 Chapter 3. Zooplankton I. Micro- and Mesozooplankton 67John DOLAN and Virginie RAYBAUD 3.1. Introduction 67 3.1.1. Defining plankton and the different categories of plankton 67 3.1.2. Problems with the label zooplankton 71 3.2. Ligurian zooplankton 73 3.2.1. Introduction to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton 73 3.2.2. Sampling 75 3.3. The ciliate Strombidium sulcatum and the microzooplankton of the Ligurian Sea 78 3.3.1. Strombidium sulcatum 78 3.3.2. Characteristics of the Ligurian Sea assemblages of ciliates 80 3.3.3. Seasonal cycles of abundance of ciliates in coastal water 82 3.3.4. Near-shore to off-shore abundance gradient of ciliates 83 3.3.5. Seasonal variability in abundance of ciliates in off-shore waters and the depth gradient 84 3.3.6. Non-ciliate components of the microzooplankton of the Ligurian Sea 86 3.4. The mesozooplankton of the Ligurian Sea and the copepod Centropages typicus as a case study 89 3.4.1. Presentation of mesozooplankton and ecological role 89 3.4.2. Characteristics of the Ligurian Sea assemblages of crustacean zooplankton 91 3.4.3. Centropages typicus, a dominant copepod species in the Ligurian Sea 95 3.5. References 99 Chapter 4. Zooplankton II. Macroplankton and Long-Term Series 109Paul NIVAL, Fabien LOMBARD, Janine CUZIN, Jacqueline GOY and Lars STEMMANN 4.1. Macroplankton: the large planktonic animals 109 4.1.1. Overview of the size class 109 4.1.2. Mollusks (Gastropoda) 110 4.1.3. Annelids 112 4.1.4. Chaetognaths 113 4.1.5. Planktonic prochordates – tunicates 114 4.1.6. Cnidarians 119 4.1.7. Ctenophores 124 4.2. Micronekton 126 4.2.1. Euphausiids 126 4.2.2. Other micronekton species 129 4.3. Zooplankton long-term series 131 4.3.1. Introduction 131 4.3.2. Zooplankton temporal trends in the Bay of Villefranche-sur-Mer as an indicator of Ligurian Sea dynamics 132 4.3.3. From local variability in plankton to global understanding and plankton community forecasts 136 4.4. References 136 Chapter 5. Climate Change Effects on the Ligurian Sea Pelagic Ecosystem. What About Top Pelagic Predators? 147Maurizio WÜRTZ and Jean-Marc FROMENTIN 5.1. Introduction 147 5.2. Top pelagic predators in the Ligurian Sea. What about species and what we know about their responses to local climate change? 148 5.2.1. Squids 149 5.2.2. Bony fishes 152 5.2.3. Sharks and rays 159 5.2.4. Sea turtles 161 5.2.5. Marine mammals 162 5.3. Conclusion 164 5.4. Acknowledgments 165 5.5. References 166 Chapter 6. A Biogeochemical Approach to Contamination of the Ligurian Sea 175Daniel COSSA, Scott W. FOWLER, Christophe MIGON, Lars-Éric HEIMBÜRGER-BOAVIDA and Aurélie DUFOUR 6.1. Introduction 175 6.2. Trace metal contamination 177 6.2.1. Impact of atmospheric deposition 177 6.2.2. Mercury 179 6.2.3. Tributyltin (TBT) 184 6.3. Radionuclides fluxes 185 6.4. Organic chemical contaminants 189 6.5. Contamination of the LS in the context of the global change 193 6.6. Acknowledgments 198 6.7. References 199 Conclusion and Perspectives 207 Acronyms 221 Glossary 225 List of Authors 243 Index 245 Summary of Volume 1 247

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Book SynopsisThe growing field of political education through environmental issues is organized around processes, which reach beyond the formal ones found in academic disciplines and national curricula into informal processes (such as social mobilization) and nonformal processes (such as those found in various international educational recommendations). Using theoretical approaches from the fields of political philosophy and the social sciences, this book develops a simultaneously conceptual and analytical framework for the political in educational content involving environmental issues. This framework is then used to empirically analyze educational content on sustainable development formulated by UNESCO, as well as the Tunisian curriculum. The theoretical and empirical studies carried out in this book lead to proposed curriculum tags for political education through environmental issues, with the intent of opening this field to inclusion in the didactics of curriculum research.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xiii Chapter 1. The Political Trend in Environmental Issues 1 1.1. Politics, the political and depoliticization 1 1.2. The political and the anti-political 2 1.3. Environmental and development issues (EDIs) between the political and anti-political or politics and depoliticization: what are the trends? 3 1.3.1. Issues of environmental politics and environmental change 3 1.3.2. Environmental ethical issues 6 1.3.3. Sustainable development issues 8 1.3.4. Agrifood issues 9 1.3.5. Issues concerning environmental technology and environmental management 11 1.3.6. Issues of transitioning to sustainability 13 1.4. Conclusion 17 Chapter 2. The Political Potential of Environmental Issues 19 2.1. The regulatory categories of political life 19 2.1.1. Political philosophy approaches 19 2.1.2. Political science approaches 21 2.1.3. Educational approaches 22 2.2. The regulatory categories of political life in situations involving environmental and development issues 24 2.2.1. Environmental literacy 24 2.2.2. Ecological citizenship 26 2.2.3. Environmental deliberation 31 2.2.4. Environmental collective action 35 2.3. Conclusion 37 Chapter 3. Political Learning and Socialization in Teaching Environmental Issues 39 3.1. Educational purposes and projects: sociological, pedagogical and didactic approaches 39 3.1.1. Educational purposes and social functions of school: the sociological approach 39 3.1.2. Educational purposes and regulation of the teaching and learning process: the pedagogy of learning approach 40 3.1.3. Educational purposes and effectiveness of teaching and learning: the curricular didactic approach 41 3.1.4. Educational purposes of socialization 41 3.2. Evolution of the contributions of didactic research for the educational purposes of socialization 44 3.2.1. Sciences education and disciplinary cognitive socialization 44 3.2.2. Education for scientific uncertainty and critical cognitive socialization 45 3.2.3. Eco-citizenship education and political socialization 46 3.2.4. Education for sustainable development (ESD) and democratic socialization 46 3.3. Teaching of environmental and development issues and political learning: integrating socialization purposes 47 3.3.1. Ecoliteracy learning 49 3.3.2. Deliberative learning 51 3.3.3. Learning through social roles in a community of eco-citizens and political socialization 53 3.3.4. Learning in collective educational action regimes 55 3.4. Conclusion 57 Chapter 4. Methodological Considerations 59 4.1. Case study methodology 59 4.2. Selection of case studies 60 4.2.1. UNESCO’s “Education for Sustainable Development Goals”: a prototype case in non-formal education 60 4.2.2. EDIs in the Tunisian curriculum: a representative case in formal education 61 4.3. Defining the analytical criteria 63 4.3.1. Criteria of the documentary analysis for selecting EDIs in prescribed curricula in Tunisia 63 4.3.2. Criteria for analyzing the political trend 64 4.3.3. Criteria for analyzing the political potential of EDIs 65 4.3.4. Criteria for the analysis of potentialities for socialization in terms of political learning 67 4.4. Procedure for data collection and analysis 69 4.4.1. Thematic content analysis 70 4.4.2. Direct observation 74 4.4.3. Interviews 76 4.5. Defining the research quality criteria 77 4.5.1. Strategies for increasing internal validity 78 4.5.2. Techniques to ensure reliability 79 Chapter 5. The Political within “Education for Sustainable Development Goals” 81 5.1. Analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 81 5.1.1. The political/anti-political trend 81 5.1.2. Political potential 83 5.1.3. Conclusion 85 5.2. Analysis of the content of “Education for SDGs” 86 5.2.1. The political/anti-political trend 86 5.2.2. Political potential 88 5.2.3. The potentialities for socialization in terms of political learning 89 5.2.4. Conclusion 91 Chapter 6. The Political within the Tunisian Curriculum 93 6.1. Secondary school curriculum analysis 93 6.1.1. The prescribed curriculum 93 6.1.2. Potential curriculum 97 6.1.3. The produced curriculum 100 6.2. Analysis of the undergraduate curriculum: the bachelor’s degree in environmental protection 104 6.2.1. Prescribed curriculum 104 6.2.2. The produced curriculum 111 Conclusion 117 Appendices 129 Appendix 1. Interviews: Guides and Help Lists 131 Appendix 2. Report on Political Elements in the SDG 2030 Agenda and in the Contents of “Education for 2030 SDGs” 137 Appendix 3. Report on political elements in the Tunisian Curriculum 147 Glossary 177 References 183 Index 199

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding marine pollution and the contamination of coastal environments requires knowledge from a variety of scientific fields. Marine Environmental Quality promotes a multidisciplinary approach to investigations, drawing on not only natural sciences, but also applied mathematics and social sciences.The investigations in this book focus on both organic and inorganic pollutants, firstly in a study conducted in the city of La Rochelle, on the North Atlantic French coast, then expanding the areas under examination to regions of English and Portuguese waters and, lastly, to the Mediterranean Sea. The improvement such research can bring to biomarkers, models and experiments enables equal progress in the quality of seawater in ports and protected areas of coastal regions.The eight chapters of Marine Environmental Quality present many aspects of this research, including experiments with floating barriers, water governance in various areas, sampling sites and sentinel species that act as biomarkers in harbors. Also covered are environmental commitments, both international and local, the risk that marine contamination poses to human health, experimental designs for interactions with microplastics and a study biomonitoring the juveniles of sentinel species. Such results will bring many benefits, to human health, to economic inclusion and to regional development.Table of ContentsPreface xiFrédéric MUTTIN and Hélène THOMAS Chapter 1. Oil Spill Boom Strategy for Local Authorities Facing Coastal and Harbor Pollutions: A Survey of the European Research Project ISDAMP+ 1Frédéric MUTTIN and Rose CAMPBELL 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. Challenge 2 1.1.2. Problem 2 1.1.3. Project partners 3 1.2. Coastal hydrodynamic model 4 1.3. Boom structural analysis model 5 1.4. Hydrodynamic and structural models coupling 6 1.5. Full-scale experiments 7 1.5.1. Falmouth 8 1.5.2. Lisbon 10 1.5.3. Rochefort 12 1.5.4. La Rochelle Chef de Baie 13 1.6. Conclusion 16 1.7. Acknowledgments 17 1.8. References 17 Chapter 2. Governance and Public Policies of Coastal Water Quality in the Pertuis Charentais 21lice MAZEAUD, François BÉNITEZ, Anaïs RIDEL, Arno BRINGER, Christine PLUMEJEAUD, Pascal BRUNELLO, Adélaïde LEREBOURS, Yann RABUTEAU and Hélène THOMAS 2.1. Fragmented management of coastal waters 23 2.1.1. The coastline: in-between integrated water management policies 24 2.1.2. Coastal waters: controlled and regulated according to their uses 27 2.2. The difficulty of publicizing coastal water quality 30 2.2.1. The “controlled publicity” of coastal water quality and the consequences on shellfish production in the Pertuis Charentais 31 2.2.2. The quality assessment of variable-geometry coastal waters 34 2.3. The Marine Protected Area: going towards a more coherent management of the “Sea–Land” interface? 37 2.4. Conclusion 38 2.5. References 39 Chapter 3. Comparative Biomarkers Study in Two Scallop Organs to Establish Guidelines for Evaluating French Atlantic Coastline Water Quality 41Marine Paomia BREITWIESER, Marine BARBARIN, Valérie HUET, Emmanuel DUBILLOT, Marianne GRABER and Hélène THOMAS 3.1. Introduction 41 3.2. Materials and methods 42 3.2.1. Study sites and sampling collection 42 3.2.2. Biochemical analysis 44 3.2.3. Data treatments 45 3.3. Results 45 3.3.1. Superoxide dismutase 47 3.3.2. Glutathione S-transferase 47 3.3.3. Malonyldialdehyde 47 3.3.4. Laccase 48 3.4. Discussion 48 3.5. Conclusion 50 3.6. Funding and acknowledgments 50 3.7. References 51 Chapter 4. Tracer Study and Mimachlamys varia Bivalve Tools, a Multidisciplinary Guideline to Assess Environmental Quality in the La Rochelle Harbor Over Three Years 55Marine Paomia BREITWIESER, Benoit SIMON-BOUHET, Jean-Rémy HUGUET, Valérie HUET, Carine CHURLAUD, Marine BARBARIN, Angélique FONTANAUD and Hélène THOMAS 4.1. Introduction 55 4.2. Materials and methods 58 4.2.1. Field collection and tissue sampling 58 4.2.2. Tracer study of hydrodynamic processes in the harbor area 59 4.2.3. Trace elements and biomarkers of effect analyses 60 4.2.4. Biochemical biomarkers of exposure analysis 61 4.2.5. Data analysis 62 4.3. Results 63 4.3.1. Trace elements and biomarkers of effect analyses 63 4.3.2. Biochemical biomarkers of exposure analysis 67 4.3.3. Relationship between biomarkers of exposure (e.g. SOD, GST, laccase, MDA) and effect (e.g. heavy metals) 71 4.4. Discussion 73 4.4.1. Bioaccumulation 73 4.4.2. Health 77 4.4.3. Tracer study in the bay of La Rochelle 79 4.5. Conclusion 83 4.6. Funding and acknowledgments 84 4.7. References 84 Chapter 5. ISDAMP Project Dissemination and Continuation for Local Authorities’ Oil Spill Preparedness 89Frédéric MUTTIN and Rose CAMPBELL 5.1. Introduction 89 5.2. Project results 90 5.3. Project audiences 93 5.3.1. International institutions 93 5.3.2. National Contact Points 94 5.3.3. Atlantic Arc regional authorities 95 5.3.4. Local authorities in La Rochelle 96 5.3.5. Discussion 98 5.4. Project continuation 98 5.5. Conclusion 101 5.6. Acknowledgments 101 5.7. References 101 Chapter 6. Environmental Quality of Coastal Areas in the Mediterranean Sea and Potential Risks to Human Health 103Marion PILLET, Michel MARENGO, Sylvie GOBERT, Pierre LEJEUNE, Michèle LEDUC, Lovina FULLGRABE, Stéphane LE FLOCH and Hélène THOMAS 6.1. Introduction 103 6.1.1. Chemical pollution in coastal marine areas 103 6.1.2. Bioindicators in marine coastal water 105 6.1.3. Biomarkers used to monitor pollution 106 6.2. Situation in the Mediterranean Sea 108 6.2.1. Characteristics of the Mediterranean system 108 6.2.2. Contamination at the lower trophic levels 110 6.3. Mussel biomonitoring in the Mediterranean Sea 111 6.3.1. Biomonitoring of mussels 111 6.3.2. Trace element contamination of mussels in the Mediterranean Sea 112 6.3.3. Organic contamination of mussels in the Mediterranean Sea 114 6.3.4. Physiological functions affected by pollution 117 6.4. Potential human risk assessment 118 6.4.1. Seafood, potential risks and benefits for human health 118 6.4.2. Potential risks associated with mussel consumption 119 6.5. Perspectives in North Corsica ports 122 6.5.1. Multibiomarker approach 122 6.5.2. The case of harbor areas 123 6.5.3. The QUAMPO project 123 6.7. Acknowledgments 124 6.8. References 124 Chapter 7. Possible Interactions Between Environmental Microplastics, Copepods (Tigriopus brevicornis) and Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the Pertuis Charentais Sea 145Arno BRINGER, Emmanuel DUBILLOT, Grégoire PRUNIER and Hélène THOMAS 7.1. Introduction 146 7.2. Materials and methods 147 7.2.1. Study area 147 7.2.2. Experimental design 148 7.2.3. Sampling and observation methods 150 7.3. Results and discussions on the presence of copepods in seawater and in oysters 150 7.4. General conclusion and perspectives 153 7.5. References 153 Chapter 8. Health Assessment of Juvenile Scallops in the La Rochelle Harbor 157Marine Paomia BREITWIESER, Marine BARBARIN, Angélique FONTANAUD and Hélène THOMAS 8.1. Introduction 157 8.2. Assessment methods of the health status of marine bivalves 158 8.2.1. Sampling sites and caging transplantation procedure 158 8.2.2. Water physicochemical assessments 159 8.2.3. Trace element assessments 159 8.2.4. Biomarker assessments 159 8.2.5. Statistical analysis 160 8.3. Results and discussion on the health status of juvenile scallops 161 8.3.1. Water physical variables 161 8.3.2. Health biomarker assessments 162 8.3.3. Heavy metals 167 8.3.4. Principal components analysis 171 8.4. References 173 List of Authors 177 Index 181

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Book SynopsisEconomies around the world have arrived at a critical juncture: to continue to grow fuelled by fossil fuels and exacerbate climate change, or to move towards more sustainable, greener, growth. Choosing the latter is shown to help address climate change, as well as present new economic opportunities. This Handbook provides a deeper understanding of the concept of green growth, and highlights key lessons from the experience of green transformations across the world following a decade of ambitious stimulus packages and green reforms. With comprehensive chapters from key researchers in the field drawn from across the globe, the Handbook on Green Growth offers up to date and original analysis of the many facets of the phenomenon of green growth. Is economic growth desirable? When can economic growth and environmental policies work together? What are the key factors that will achieve green growth? What will be the multiple impacts of green growth? And, what have been the experiences of economies that have undertaken a green transformation? This Handbook will be a key resource for students and academics interested in economics, environmental and ecological studies, as well as for those specialising in environmental policy. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers concerned about the dual objectives of stimulating economic growth and addressing environmental damage.Trade Review'While strong opinions often dominate the debate on economic growth versus the environment, this Handbook gives an honest evaluation of conflicting evidence and theories. It provides a splendidly rich variety of interpretations of the green growth idea. The thoughtful extrapolations of historical cases and suggestions for future policies towards the transition to a greener economy - with or without growth - make us aware that green growth is at the heart of the world economy's future.' --Sjak Smulders, Tilburg University, the Netherlands'Providing a clear introduction and varied country overviews, this accessible book is of relevance to both the general reader and the more technical specialist. Written without jargon this book demonstrates that economists can tackle real world problems in simple prose. In a clear and accessible style, this edited volume brings together cutting-edge analysis from some of the leading green economy thinkers. The book covers both more conceptual insights and applied country studies ranging from Europe, the US, Asia and Africa. It rightfully highlights China for its massive national success in switching to low carbon energy, whilst continuing to export dirty coal technology, financing 30% of the world s coal plants under development. Ultimately the book ends with an interesting series of chapters that explore the links between green growth and the knowledge economy.' --Paul Steele, International Institute for Environment and Development'The global economy stands at a critical juncture: the policy choices we make right now will determine whether or not humanity stands a chance of halting climate change. This Handbook is a vital reminder that ''green'' and ''growth'' can and must go together - we just need the right combination of integrated economic and environmental policies. It maps out the major questions, opportunities and challenges that we face in our efforts to follow a ''green growth'' path, and is therefore a critical and timely contribution for policy makers who are trying to make environmentally-friendly growth a success.' --Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECDTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Roger Fouquet PART I. THE GROWTH STRATEGY 1. Policies for green growth versus policies for no growth: a matter of timing Richard G. Lipsey 2. The Limits to Green Growth Peter A. Victor and Martin Sers 3. Green “Agrowth” – the Next Development Stage of Rich Countries Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Stefan Drews PART II. THE POTENTIAL FOR GREEN GROWTH AND ITS IMPACTS 4. Path-Dependence, Innovation and the Economics of Climate Change Philippe Aghion, Cameron Hepburn, Alex Teytelboym and Dimitri Zenghelis 5. Long-Term Productivity Growth and the Environment Alex Bowen 6. The Challenge of Decoupling Economic Expansion and Environmentally Damaging Energy Uses: Can Energy Efficiency Actions Deliver Cleaner Economic Expansion? Karen Turner and Antonios Katris 7. Targeted Technology Strategies for Low-Carbon Economic Growth: Linking Bottom-Up and Top-Down Assessments Ian Sue Wing and Govinda Timilsina 8. Inclusive Labour Markets for Green Growth Alex Bowen PART III. THE DRIVERS OF GREEN GROWTH 9. Growth, Structural Transformation, and the New Global Agenda: What this means for China and the World Ehtisham Ahmad, Isabella Neuweg and Nicholas Stern 10. Climate Change Policy, Innovation and Growth Antoine Dechezleprêtre, Ralf Martin and Samuela Bassi 11. Financing Green Growth Gregor Semieniuk and Mariana Mazzucato 12. Green Startups and Local Knowledge Bases: Newborn suppliers of energy-related technologies in Italian Provinces Alessandra Colombelli and Francesco Quatraro 13. Addressing the Political Economy of Green Industrial Policy with Economic Geography Maria Carvalho PART IV. GREEN TRANSFORMATIONS 14. The Green Growth Economy as an Engine of Development: The Case of China John A. Mathews 15. Green Growth in South Korea Jae-Seung Lee 16. Reforming Energy Policy in India: Assessing the Options Ian Parry, Victor Mylonas and Nate Vernon 17. Green Transformations and State Bureaucracy in the Global South Markus Lederer, Linda Wallbott and Frauke Urban 18. Economic Transformation and Green Growth for African Economies Russel Bishop and Milan Brahmbhatt PART V. BEYOND GREEN GROWTH 19. Transitioning to Smart Green Growth: Lessons from History Carlota Perez 20. The Invisible Hand and the Weightless Economy Danny Quah 21. The Transition from a Fossil-Fuel Economy to a Knowledge Economy Roger Fouquet and Ralph Hippe Index

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Book SynopsisNatural landscapes are intricately tied to human health and well-being. While contemporary lifestyles have caused people to feel disconnected from the natural environment, this relationship is now recognized as vitally important, with landscapes increasingly valued for their stress-reduction, aesthetic, and restorative benefits. Providing an overview of the history, theoretical concepts, and individual and societal implications of human connection to natural landscapes, this book considers natural landscapes' role as an antidote to our modern, predominantly urban society. It also delivers: - A robust, research-backed overview of the intersections between natural landscapes and human health; - A compendium of applications such as nature-based therapies, urban greenspaces, and adventure-based programming that promote health within specific populations of society and individuals; - Due consideration of crucial factors that can adversely affect health and landscape, such as climate change. Of critical importance as we continue to define the role that natural landscapes will play for future generations, this book should be required reading for policy makers, urban planners and industry practitioners. It provides a thorough grounding in understanding the intersections between health and natural landscapes, and will be a valuable resource for academicians and students from a broad range of disciplines including public health, leisure and tourism, environmental sciences, and geography.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Natural Landscapes and Human Health: An Introduction and Overview Chapter 2: Human Perceptions of Nature Chapter 3: Natural Landscapes and the Health Crisis Chapter 4: Theories and Concepts: Linking Landscapes and Health Chapter 5: Outcomes, Benefits, and Opportunities: Western Research Trends Chapter 6: Applications: Facilitating Healthy Connections with Nature Chapter 7: Connecting with Landscapes: Intentional Access to Green Space Chapter 8: Conclusions and Desired Future: Take a Park, Not a Pill

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Book SynopsisThe Anthropocene refers to all societies’ current era of environmental challenges. For the social sciences, the Anthropocene represents a historical “moment” with huge potential: it offers people new ways of considering the human condition, as well as how they interact with the rest of the living world and with the planet on all levels. At the turn of the 21st century, the idea of the Anthropocene burst onto the older, diverse and varied scene of risk studies.This “new geological era”, which is entirely created by humanity, went on to revive our understanding of environmental issues, as well as the analysis of the social and political problems that constitute risk situations.Drawing together contributions from specialists in social sciences concerning risks and the environment, Risks and the Anthropocene explores the advantages that the idea of the Anthropocene can offer in understanding risks and their management, as well as the limitations it presents.Table of ContentsPart 1. Toward Unprecedented Risks?.1. Coastal Risks: Coastlines Always Under Pressure, Catherine Meur-Ferec.2. Forest Fires in the Anthropocene: Issues of Scale, Christine Bouisset.3. Urban Climate: Agenda and Perspectives of a Climate Risk, Julia Hidalgo.Part 2. Recompositions for the Study and Management of Risks?4. Permanence and Specificities of Risks and Their Management in the Anthropocene Era, Patrick Pigeon.5. The International World of Disasters: Beyond Reflexivity, Surpassing Naturalism?, Sandrine Revet.6. The Difficult Birth of the Risk Society and the Relegation of Social Sciences, Pascale Metzger and Julien Rebotier.Part 3. What Consequences for a Changing Modernity?.7. Understanding the Political Fabric and Effects of Ensemble Flood Forecasts in Europe, Sébastien Nobert, Kristian Krieger and Florian Pappenberger.8. Toward a New Security Deal? Reflexive Modernity, a Complex Turn and Shift to Uncertainty, Magali Reghezza-Zitt.9. The Imperative of Practical Wisdom in the Face of Anthropocene Emergencies: The Case of Climate Change, Florent Champy.

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Book SynopsisNatural history collections have recently acquired an unprecedented place of importance in scientific research. Originally created in the context of systematics and taxonomy, they are now proving to be fundamental for answering various scientific and societal questions that are as significant as they are current.Natural History Collections in the Science of the 21st Century presents a wide range of questions and answers raised by the study of collections. The billions of specimens that have been collected from all around the world over more than two centuries provide us with information that is vital in our quest for knowledge about the Earth, the universe, the diversity of life and the history of humankind.These collections also provide valuable reference points from the past to help us understand the nature and dynamics of global change today. Their physical permanence is the best guarantee we have of a return to data and to information sources in the context of open science.Table of ContentsForeword xvii Bruno DAVID Acknowledgments xxi Roseli PELLENS Chapter 1 Natural History Collections: An Essential Resource for Science in the 21st Century 1 Roseli PELLENS 1.1 Collections in early 21st century science 2 1.2 New explorations because of the magnitude and diversity of the collections’ data 3 1.3 Research using and driving the constitution of natural history collections 5 1.3.1 Being able to return to the object: one of the major contributions of natural history collections 6 1.3.2 Collections at the heart of highly innovative research thanks to new technologies 7 1.3.3 A resource for global change research 8 1.3.4 Designing the science of the future based on collections 9 1.4 References 11 Chapter 2 Natural History Collections: An Ancient Concept in a Present and Future Perspective 13 Philippe GRANDCOLAS 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 A tribute to curiosity and coupling with classifications 14 2.3 The structuring of our thoughts and actions by an ancient concept 16 2.4 Collections: more than species catalogues 18 2.5 Big Data collections in space and time 19 2.6 What future is there for the use of collections? 20 2.7 Conclusion 22 2.8 References 22 Chapter 3 Louis XIV’s Blue Gems: Exceptional Rediscoveries at the French National Museum of Natural History 27 François FARGES 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 A scientific investigation of color 31 3.3 The digital decoding of the creative genius of the royal gem cutter 32 3.4 Epilogue: toward a renaissance 35 3.5 References 36 Chapter 4. Rediscovering Human Mummies: Unpublished data on the Chachapoya Mummy Exhibited at the Musée de l’Homme 37 Aline THOMAS, Arnaud ANSART, Christophe BOU, Jean-Bernard HUCHET, Véronique LABORDE, Samuel MERIGEAUD and Éloïse QUETEL 4.1 Introduction 38 4.1.1 The Muséum’s collection of human mummies 38 4.1.2 Origin, discovery, donation and exhibition: a brief history of the mummy 40 4.2 Materials and methods 43 4.2.1 The MNHN-HA-30187 mummy: position of the body, measurements and external appearance 43 4.2.2 Medical imaging protocol and technique 45 4.2.3 Protocol for experimental reproduction of trepanation 45 4.3 Results 46 4.3.1 Basic biological identity 46 4.3.2 Osteo-dental status 47 4.3.3 Internal organs 48 4.3.4 Archeoentomology 50 4.3.5 Cranial trepanation: location, size and mode of operation 52 4.4 Discussion 54 4.4.1 Identity of the deceased and health status 54 4.4.2 Treatment of the corpse and embalming 55 4.4.3 Chronology of mortuary gestures 56 4.5 Conclusion 58 4.6 References 59 Chapter 5 Reconstructing the History of Human Populations: A Challenge for Biological Anthropology 63 Martin FRIESS and Manon GALLAND 5.1 Introduction 63 5.1.1 How human remains have also become scientific objects 63 5.1.2 The MNHN biological anthropology collection 64 5.1.3 Cranial morphology as an indication of biocultural processes 65 5.2 Cranial morphology and settlement history 66 5.2.1 A new look at the diversity of Native Americans 69 5.3 Cranial morphology and adaptation to the environment 71 5.3.1 Cranial diversity beyond randomness 73 5.4 The importance of cranial collection for the advancement of research in biological anthropology 75 5.5 References 76 Chapter 6 The Discovery of New Metal-Hyperaccumulating Plant Species in Herbaria 79 Vanessa R. INVERNÓN, Romane TISSERAND, Pierre JOUANNAIS, Dulce M. NAVARRETE GUTIÉRREZ, Serge MULLER, Yohan PILLON, Guillaume ECHEVARRIA and Sylvain MERLOT 6.1 Metal-hyperaccumulating plants 80 6.2 The screening of herbarium collections: from atomic absorption to X-ray fluorescence 83 6.3 The discovery of new metal-hyperaccumulating plants at the MNHN herbarium 85 6.3.1 The interest of the MNHN herbarium for the research of metal-hyperaccumulating plants 85 6.3.2 From the herbarium to the field: new nickel hyperaccumulators in the genus Orthion 87 6.3.3 Rinorea multivenosa, the first zinc hyperaccumulating species discovered in the Amazon basin 88 6.3.4 A large number of manganese hyperaccumulating species to be discovered 90 6.4 Conclusion 91 6.5 Acknowledgments 92 6.6 References 92 Chapter 7 Fossil Crustaceans in the Light of New Technologies 95 Sylvain CHARBONNIER and Marie-Béatrice FOREL 7.1 Introduction 96 7.2 Fossil crustaceans 96 7.3 The radiation of fossil crustaceans 98 7.3.1 Revealing characters with UV light (yellow fluorescence) 98 7.3.2 Revealing characters with green light (green–orange fluorescence) 99 7.3.3 X-ray radiography 100 7.4 Exceptional preservation of fossil crustaceans 102 7.5 Ostracods and paleogeography at the end of the Paleozoic 105 7.6 References 105 Chapter 8 The “Cyanobacteria and Microalgae” Collection in the Time of “-omics” 109 Sébastien DUPERRON, Charlotte DUVAL, Sahima HAMLAOUI, Katia COMTE, Claude YÉPRÉMIAN and Cécile BERNARD 8.1 Introduction 109 8.2 A living collection supported by research 111 8.3 New uses of the collection in basic research 114 8.3.1 Polyphasic identification and taxonomy of cyanobacteria and microalgae 114 8.3.2 Contribution to the evolutionary sciences 114 8.3.3 Contribution to the study of interactions between organisms 115 8.4 Enhancing the value of biological resources through the search for innovative bioactive molecules 116 8.5 Expertise in environmental diagnosis 118 8.6 The living collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae of today and tomorrow 119 8.7 References 121 Chapter 9 The Collection of Cryopreserved Cells and Tissues of Vertebrates: Methods and Application 125 Michèle GERBAULT-SEUREAU and Bernard DUTRILLAUX 9.1 Introduction 126 9.2 History of the collection 126 9.3 Can all living beings be cryopreserved? 127 9.3.1 Collection, culture and freezing 128 9.4 Current applications 130 9.5 Current composition of the bank 133 9.6 Perspectives 136 9.7 References 137 Chapter 10 Herbaria, the Last Resort for Extinct Plant Species 139 Serge MULLER, Valérie PRIOLET, Éric BADEL and Stéphane BUORD 10.1 Context and objectives 140 10.2 Proposed approach and protocol 141 10.3 First results 142 10.3.1. Selection of target species and identification of affine species 142 10.3.2 Assessment of the viability of available seeds 145 10.3.3. Cultivation experiments on affine species of the target species 149 10.4 Discussion and conclusion 152 10.5 Acknowledgments 154 10.6 References 154 Chapter 11 Ocean Cores, Climate Archives 159 Eva MORENO and Annachiara BARTOLINI 11.1 Introduction 160 11.2 The MNHN’s oceanic collection 160 11.3 Development of core drilling techniques 161 11.4 Ocean cores: archives of past climate variability 163 11.5 Climate proxies 164 11.5.1 Temperature proxies 165 11.5.2 Proxies of salinity 169 11.5.3 Paleo-pH proxies and carbonate ion concentration 170 11.6 Analytical techniques 171 11.7 Conclusion 172 11.8 References 173 Chapter 12 Clarifying the Radiocarbon Calibration Curve for Ancient Egypt: The Wager of Herbaria 177 Anita QUILES, Vanessa R. INVERNÓN, Lucile BECK, Emmanuelle DELQUE-KOLIC, Myriam GAUDEUL, Serge MULLER and Germinal ROUHAN 12.1 Introduction 178 12.2 Carbon-14 (14 C) dating and Egyptian chronology 179 12.2.1 The challenge of calibration 179 12.2.2 Chronology of ancient Egypt: contribution of 14 C and historic debates 181 12.3 Specificities of the Egyptian landscape and the objective of the project 182 12.4 The flora of Egypt in the MNHN Herbarium 184 12.5 Analytical and statistical challenges 186 12.5.1 Selection of herbarium specimens 187 12.5.2 Preliminary results of 14 C dating 187 12.6 Conclusion 190 12.7 References 191 Chapter 13 Herbaria, a Window into the Evolutionary History of Crop Pathogens 195 Lionel GAGNEVIN, Adrien RIEUX, Jean-Michel LETT, Philippe ROUMAGNAC, Boris SZUREK, Paola CAMPOS, Claudia BAIDER, Myriam GAUDEUL and Nathalie BECKER 13.1 Epidemics, emergences and re-emergences 196 13.2 Development of agriculture, domestication of cultivated plants and their diseases 197 13.3 Molecular biology and genomics as a tool for studying phytopathogenic micro-organisms 199 13.4 Contributions of the herbarium samples 199 13.4.1 Direct evidence 200 13.4.2 Molecular analyses 201 13.5 How to explore a herbarium 203 13.6 Characteristics of old nucleic acids and their treatment 205 13.6.1 The particular case of viral nucleic acids 206 13.7. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and its emergence in the Indian Ocean 208 13.8 Emergence and evolutionary history of plant pathogenic viruses: the geminivirus model 209 13.8.1 Case of a species complex responsible for an emerging disease 210 13.8.2 Case of a cryptic geminivirus 211 13.9 Discussion 212 13.10 Acknowledgments and funding 213 13.11 References 213 Chapter 14 The Yellow-Legged Asian Hornet: Prediction of the Risk of Invasion and the Study of its Color Variations 219 Claire VILLEMANT, Quentin ROME and Adrien PERRARD 14.1 Introduction 220 14.2 Vespa velutina: some elements of taxonomy and biology 222 14.2.1 A species: 13 colored forms 222 14.2.2 One nest per year 223 14.2.3 Insectivore, but not exclusively 223 14.3 Sampling of specimens 224 14.4. The origin of invasive lineages of V. velutina in France and Korea 225 14.4.1 The history of the invasion explained by genetics 225 14.4.2. A single queen at the origin of the invasive lineage in France .. 226 14.5 Expansion risks in Europe and worldwide 226 14.5.1 Data and methods for inferring range and predicting invasion risk 226 14.5.2 Strong expansion in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere 227 14.6 Origin of color and shape variations 229 14.6.1 The importance of collection specimens 229 14.6.2 Discordance between genetic lineages and colored forms 231 14.7 Conclusion 232 14.8 References 233 Chapter 15 Exploring Temporal Changes in the Composition of Macroalgal Communities by Using Collections 235 Marine ROBUCHON, Éric FEUNTEUN, Romain JULLIARD, Florence ROUSSEAU and Line Le GALL 15.1 On the constitution of macroalgal collections 236 15.1.1 Large seaweeds 236 15.1.2 Algal herbaria 236 15.1.3 Data associated with the herbaria 237 15.1.4 Specimens and scientific evidence 237 15.1.5 The herbarium of the Dinard maritime laboratory 239 15.2 Exploring temporal changes in species distribution 239 15.2.1 Perspectives for exploring temporal changes in species distribution 245 15.3 Exploring temporal changes in community composition 246 15.3.1 Example of the study of the Dinard Herbarium 246 15.3.2 Perspectives for exploring temporal changes in community composition 247 15.4 Conclusion: sampling and analysis strategies for the future 248 15.5 References 249 Chapter 16 Herbaria, Witnesses of the Stakes of Biodiversity Conservation and the Impacts of Global Changes 251 Serge MULLER, Vanessa R. INVERNÓN and Germinal ROUHAN 16.1 Introduction 252 16.2 Evaluation of the floristic richness and conservation issues of territories 254 16.3 Studies of introduction pathways and colonization of invasive exotic plants and pathogens 257 16.4 Analysis of the impact of pollution and changes in air quality 259 16.5 Study of phenological changes in flora as a result of climate change 260 16.6 Conclusion 262 16.7 References 263 Chapter 17 Digital Photography In Natura in Zoology: More Biology in Natural History Collections? 271 Romain GARROUSTE 17.1 Images and collections for comparative biology 272 17.2 Accelerating the process of the incomplete inventory of life 274 17.3 Why more biology in natural history collections? 277 17.4 Images in the natural sciences: a collection like any other? 280 17.5 The Hemiptera of France: an exemplary iconography 282 17.6 Trait databases, query automation and bio-inspiration 282 17.7 Conclusion: a new challenge for natural history 284 17.8 References 285 Chapter 18 The Use of Large Natural History Datasets to Respond to Current Scientific and Societal Issues 289 Anne-Christine MONNET, Thomas HAEVERMANS, Anne-Sophie ARCHAMBEAU, Philippe GRANDCOLAS and Roseli PELLENS 18.1 Introduction 289 18.2 Making data available: a revolution 290 18.3 Challenges for data providers 293 18.3.1 Reading labels or directories 293 18.3.2 Structure of the information related to the specimens 294 18.3.3 The taxonomic framework: moving information 295 18.3.4 The importance of tracing the source of data 296 18.4 The role of access portals 296 18.4.1 The provision standards 297 18.5 The importance of scientific analysis design in appropriating the specificities of data from collections 299 18.5.1 Detecting the biases in collection data: advantages and opportunities for scientific analyses 299 18.5.2 Toward a good balance between the question and the available data 300 18.5.3 Playing the advantage of multiple spatial scales 301 18.6 Moving from raw data to sorted data that can be used for scientific analyses 301 18.6.1 From open data to open science, a responsibility for the traceability of data and operations 303 18.6.2 Toward a necessary reorganization of collaborative work 304 18.7 Conclusion 306 18.8 References 307 Chapter 19 Is There a Need for Biocultural Collections? State of the Art and Perspectives 311 Serge BAHUCHET 19.1 Introduction 311 19.2 Origin of these collections 312 19.2.1 Ethnobotany 312 19.2.2 Ethnology 313 19.3 Collection principles and the function of collections 313 19.3.1 The role of objects in “Maussian” ethnology 313 19.3.2 Ethnobotanical collections 315 19.3.3 Biocultural collections 317 19.4 Principles for the articulation of sets 319 19.5 Description of the collections 324 19.5.1 Ethnobiological specimens 325 19.5.2 Objects and artifacts 329 19.6 What changes? 332 19.7 References 334 Chapter 20 Why Preserve? 337 Véronique ROUCHON 20.1 The museum’s collections: between study and heritage 338 20.2 Disrupting the equilibrium 339 20.3 Preparation and storage 342 20.4 The main principles of conservation 346 20.5 The main principles of conservation being undermined 347 20.6 Multiple values 349 20.7 The scientific value of the collections 351 20.8 Conclusion 357 20.9 References 357 Chapter 21. Collections for Scientific Research in the 21st Century and Beyond 359 Roseli PELLENS 21.1 Collections in the quest for knowledge 359 21.2 Three main kinds of new uses for collections 360 21.2.1 Enriching the life sciences, human sciences and the sciences of the universe with new technologies 360 21.2.2 A pool of information on the environment 360 21.2.3 The era of digital data 362 21.3 Lessons from these new uses 362 21.3.1 The importance of richness and diversity 363 21.3.2 Information at the heart of new research 363 21.3.3 Good conservation and good practices 365 21.3.4 The importance of sets 366 21.4 Collections in 21st century science and beyond 367 21.5 Conclusion 367 21.6 References 369 List of Authors 373 Index 381

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Book SynopsisThe idea of socioecosystems answers the growing need to understand, in the context of the Anthropocene, how adaptive processes interact, and how that interplay results in the coevolution of living beings. Studying socioecosystems means taking into account the diversity of temporal and physical scales in order to grasp how ecological, social and economic forces are interwoven. Based on these drivers, the complex dynamics that determine the habitability of the Earth emerge. This book analyzes, through concrete cases from regional socioecosystems on several continents, how research action has provided answers to problems related to agriculture, health and the conservation of biodiversity. It demonstrates that these undertakings could not have succeeded without the combined efforts of the communities of living beings and objects, the community of knowledge and the communities of action. These examples are accompanied by a reflection on the conditions that make it possible to bring this research to completion.Table of ContentsForeword: The Knowledge Community at the Service of Communities xiArnaud MACÉ Preface xixPatrick GIRAUDOUX Chapter 1. Agricultural Changes and Population Outbreaks of Grassland Voles 1Patrick GIRAUDOUX 1.1. Introduction 2 1.2. The European Common Agricultural Policy and its national implementation, voles and their predators 4 1.2.1. Establishment of practices and landscape 4 1.2.2. Which measurement tools for which observations? 6 1.2.3. Landscapes and practices 7 1.2.4. Synchronies 10 1.2.5. Predation 12 1.2.6. Bacteria and other vole parasites 16 1.3. Controlling outbreaks and their consequences: from correlations to action 18 1.3.1. Rodenticide treatments as a quasi-experiment 18 1.3.2. The toolkit 20 1.3.3. Anthropology to the rescue of the application 25 1.3.4. The status and contribution of models 28 1.3.5. Conceptual models 28 1.3.6. Quantitative models 30 1.3.7. Toward new questions 33 1.4. What methodological lessons can be drawn from this experience? 35 1.5. Acknowledgments 43 1.6. References 43 Chapter 2. The Pollution of a River: A Sociological Investigation of Knowledge and Expertise 51Simon CALLA 2.1. Introduction 51 2.2. Different types of knowledge to qualify the situation 55 2.2.1. At the water’s edge, indexical knowledge 55 2.2.2. In the laboratories, scientific knowledge 60 2.2.3. In the administrations, legal knowledge 65 2.3. Several groups of scientists investigating the same situation 70 2.3.1. The construction of the content of expert reports 70 2.3.2. The cohabitation of two groups of experts 73 2.3.3. River advocates and experts 76 2.4. Conclusion 81 2.5. References 83 Chapter 3. Farm Environment, Raw Milk and Immunity: A "Field" Study of Tolerance Learning 87Dominique Angèle VUITTON, Jean-Jacques LAPLANTE and Amandine DIVARET-CHAUVEAU 3.1. Introduction: from farm disease to farm protection, a rural environmental story 88 3.2. Atopic allergic diseases: multifactorial, multidisciplinary and, paradoxically, not very rural 90 3.3. The increasing prevalence of atopic allergic diseases in the population of developed countries: an enigma of the second half of the 20th century 92 3.4. The role of the farm environment in protecting children from atopic allergic diseases 96 3.4.1. Observations from cross-sectional epidemiological studies 96 3.4.2. Farm life: a protective factor against the occurrence of allergic diseases? 98 3.5. Setting up the PASTURE cohort in Germany, Austria, Finland, Switzerland and Franche-Comté 102 3.5.1. Protection against allergic diseases by the farm environment: a confirmation 107 3.5.2. Exposure to animals and the farm microbial ecosystem 108 3.5.3. Consumption of raw milk and dairy products and exposure to the microbial ecosystem of raw milk 112 3.5.4. Dietary diversification in the first year of life and cheese consumption 116 3.6. At the crossroads: assessment and avenues still to be explored by the PASTURE cohort 117 3.6.1. The scientific achievements of nearly 20 years of the PASTURE adventure 118 3.6.2. Intestinal microbiota: the missing link? First results from the PASTURE study 119 3.6.3. Debates on the "benefit-risk" ratio and the possible contribution of the human and social sciences 120 3.7. Acknowledgments 125 3.8. References 126 Chapter 4. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis Transmission 137Patrick GIRAUDOUX, Dominique Angèle VUITTON and Philip Simon CRAIG 4.1. Introduction 138 4.2. The Jura transmission system 140 4.2.1. Seasonality and microfoci in rodents 140 4.2.2. Vole outbreaks and distribution of human cases 142 4.2.3. Infection in definitive hosts 143 4.2.4. Conclusion 145 4.3. Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis transmission in China and Kyrgyzstan 146 4.3.1. The background 146 4.3.2. Transmission and biodiversity on a continental scale 148 4.3.3. The Tibetan plateau 150 4.4. The mountains of southern Gansu and Ningxia 155 4.4.1. Gansu 155 4.4.2. Ningxia 162 4.5. Alpine meadows from Altai to Pamir 164 4.6. Conclusion 165 4.7. Acknowledgment 172 4.8. References 172 Chapter 5. "Indigenous" Views of the Disease and Risks Associated with Alveolar Echinococcosis 181Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT 5.1. Introduction 181 5.2. Building scientific cooperation 184 5.3. Collaborating: working with others 186 5.4. Indigenous visions of social reality 189 5.5. Lessons learned allow us to think differently about prevention 192 5.6. Proximity to a sick person reinforces preventive behavior 195 5.7. References 198 Chapter 6. Conservation of the Black-and-White Snub-nosed Monkey 201Eve AFONSO, Cécile CALLOU, Céline CLAUZEL, Patrick GIRAUDOUX and Li LI 6.1. Introduction 201 6.2. Historical context and issues 202 6.3. Habitat connectivity and population genetics 207 6.4. In search of lost place names 213 6.5. Animal tourism: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? 219 6.5.1. Ecotourism feeding sites: ready-to-see animals 220 6.5.2. Ecotourism in Xiangguqing: what are the consequences for the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey? 221 6.5.3. Genetic consequences of human intervention 223 6.5.4. Feeding sites: hotspots of parasitic transmission? 226 6.6. References 230 Chapter 7. Cholera in Africa, from Fatalism to the Hope of Elimination: The Story of the Revolt Against a Status Quo 235Didier BOMPANGUE 7.1. How can we engage in a collective approach to actionresearch in health? 236 7.2. The first years of the fight against cholera and the disillusionment of humanitarianism 241 7.3. From unpredictable to predictable cholera 251 7.3.1. A metapopulation mode of operation linked to the Great Lakes 255 7.3.2. Seasonality of cholera epidemics in lake areas 257 7.3.3. The role of lake areas in the persistence of cholera epidemics 260 7.3.4. Other determinants 262 7.3.5. The other face of cholera 264 7.4. Toward the elimination of cholera and the discovery of governance issues 265 7.5. References 271 Conclusion: Cooperation at Work: Sociology of a Scientific Standpoint 273Dominique JACQUES-JOUVENOT and Simon CALLA List of Authors 295 Index 297

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Book SynopsisThe recent progress in analytical methods, aided by bringing in a wide range of other disciplines, opens up the study to a broader field, which means that biogeography now goes far beyond a simple description of the distribution of living species on Earth.Originating with Alexander von Humboldt, biogeography is a discipline in which ecologists and evolutionists aim to understand the way that living species are organized in connection with their environments. Today, as we face major challenges such as global warming, massive species extinction and devastating pandemics, biogeography offers hypotheses and explanations that may help to provide solutions.This book presents as wide an overview as possible of the different fields that biogeography interacts with. Sixteen authors from all over the world offer different approaches based on their specific areas of knowledge and experience; thus, we intend to illustrate the vast number of diverse aspects covered by biogeography.Table of ContentsPreface xiEric GUILBERT Chapter 1 Origins of Biogeography: A Personal Perspective 1Malte C EBACH 1.1 Introduction: a history of scientific practice 1 1.1.1 What is biogeography? 2 1.2 A history of phyto- and zoogeographical classification 2 1.2.1 Terminology 2 1.2.2 How classification works 3 1.2.3 Botanical geography versus the geography of plants 7 1.2.4 Zoogeography: a search for natural regions 12 1.3 Ecology versus taxonomy: populations not species 17 1.4 Conclusion 22 1.5 References 22 Chapter 2 Analytical Approaches in Biogeography: Advances and Challenges 27Isabel SANMARTÍN 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 From narrative dispersal accounts to event-based methods (EBM) 27 2.2.1 Parsimony-based tree fitting 29 2.2.2 Dispersal–vicariance analysis 31 2.3 From parsimony-based to semiparametric approaches 34 2.4 A new revolution: parametric approaches in biogeography 38 2.4.1 Ancestral range versus single state models: DEC and BIB 41 2.4.2 Extending the DEC and BIB models 47 2.5 Expanding parametric models 49 2.5.1 Time-heterogeneous models 49 2.5.2 Diversification-dependent models 50 2.5.3 Ecology-integrative models 51 2.6 Population-level and individual-based models 52 2.7 References 53 Chapter 3 Phylogeography 59Inessa VOET and Violaine NICOLAS 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 The early days of phylogeography: cytoplasmic genomes and qualitative post hoc explanations of historical processes 61 3.3 Statistical phylogeography 63 3.4 Comparative phylogeography 67 3.5 Integrative studies 69 3.5.1 Integration of ecological niche modeling in phylogeographic studies 69 3.5.2 Integration of life-history traits in phylogeographic studies 73 3.6 Conclusion 76 3.7 References 76 Chapter 4 Geophysical Biogeography 81Laurent HUSSON and Pierre SEPULCHRE 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Geophysical biogeography at large 82 4.2.1 Present day 82 4.2.2 The dynamic Earth: continental drift 84 4.2.3 Continental drift and climate 87 4.2.4 The fast pace of mass extinctions 90 4.3 Geophysical biogeography at regional scale 92 4.3.1 Mountain belts and rifts 95 4.3.2 Epeirogenies, dynamic topography 99 4.3.3 Glacial cycles 100 4.4 Conclusions 104 4.5 References 105 Chapter 5 Island Biogeography 115Julia SCHMACK and Matthew BIDDICK 5.1 The equilibrium theory of island biogeography 116 5.2 Insularity and the evolution of emblematic biotas 120 5.3 Island biogeography in the Anthropocene 123 5.3.1 Biological invasions 124 5.3.2 Anthropogenic climate change 127 5.4 References 128 Chapter 6 Cave Biogeography 143Arnaud FAILLE 6.1 Physical characteristics of subterranean environments 143 6.2 Diversity and adaptations of the cave fauna 144 6.2.1 Underground evolution 144 6.2.2 Diversity 145 6.3 Vicariance and dispersal shape the global distribution patterns of cave animals 148 6.3.1 Disjunct distributions and the relictual status of cave biota 148 6.3.2 Colonization of the subterranean environment: reassessing biogeographic hypotheses 152 6.4 Perspectives in subterranean biogeography 154 6.5 Acknowledgments 156 6.6 References 156 Chapter 7 Soil Bacterial Biogeography at the Scale of France 165Battle KARIMI and Lionel RANJARD 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Soil bacterial communities 166 7.2.1 Abundance, diversity and role 166 7.2.2 Molecular tools to characterize bacterial communities 167 7.2.3 Genesis of microbial biogeography 168 7.3 Soil survey networks around the world 169 7.3.1 The French Monitoring Network of Soil Quality 170 7.4 Bacterial alpha- and beta-diversity at the national scale 172 7.4.1 Bacterial alpha-diversity 172 7.4.2 The bacterial taxa–area relationship 173 7.5 Spatial distribution and ecological attributes of bacterial taxa at a large scale 176 7.6 Large-scale bacterial co-occurrence networks (also called Bacteriosociology) 179 7.7 Do large-scale bacterial habitats exist? 181 7.8 Biogeography at the service of environmental diagnosis 185 7.9 Conclusion perspectives 186 7.10 References 187 Chapter 8 Fungal Biogeography 193Tarquin NETHERWAY and Mohammad BAHRAM 8.1 Introduction 193 8.2 Fungal evolutionary history 195 8.3 Biogeographic patterns 196 8.3.1 Distance-decay of similarity and species area relationship 197 8.3.2 Latitudinal diversity patterns 198 8.3.3 Altitudinal diversity patterns 199 8.4 Functional and interactional biogeography of fungi 199 8.4.1 Functional biogeography of fungi 200 8.4.2 Interactional biogeography of fungi and plants 201 8.4.3 Interactional biogeography of fungi and animals 205 8.4.4 Interactional biogeography of fungi and bacteria 206 8.5 Fungal biogeography under global environmental change 207 8.6 The role of citizen science in the study of fungal biogeography 208 8.7 Future directions 208 8.8 References 209 Chapter 9 Freshwater Biogeography in a Nutshell 219Anthi OIKONOMOU 9.1 Introduction 219 9.2 Freshwater hotspots and patterns in species richness 220 9.2.1 Latitudinal gradient in species richness 220 9.2.2 Geography, environment and biogeographical history 221 9.2.3 Species–area relationship (SAR) 223 9.2.4 Community assembly in freshwater 224 9.2.5 Local scale 225 9.2.6 Metacommunity concept 227 9.2.7 Beta diversity 230 9.3 Conclusion 232 9.4 Acknowledgments 232 9.5 References 233 Chapter 10 Marine Biogeography 245Jorge GARCÍA MOLINOS and Irene D ALABIA 10.1 Introduction 245 10.2 Diversification in the oceans 247 10.3 Diversity gradients in the oceans 253 10.3.1 Latitudinal diversity gradients 253 10.3.2 Bathymetric diversity gradients 258 10.3.3 Compositional diversity gradients 259 10.3.4 Functional and phylogenetic diversity gradients 260 10.4 Conclusions 263 10.5 References 264 Chapter 11 Biogeography of Diseases 275Jesús OLIVERO 11.1 Introduction 275 11.1.1 The need of disease mapping for management and prevention policies 275 11.1.2 Hypotheses on which biogeography sustains the analysis of infectious diseases 276 11.2 Do microbes have their own biogeography? 277 11.3 Historical biogeography and disease 279 11.4 Disease distribution patterns 281 11.5 Disease distribution modeling 282 11.5.1 Mechanistic versus empirical modeling 282 11.5.2 The search for risk factors in time and space 283 11.5.3 Pathogeography: addressing the multifaceted analysis in disease mapping 289 11.6 Concluding remarks 292 11.7 Acknowledgements 293 11.8 References 293 Chapter 12 Biogeography and Climate Change 303Luisa Maria DIELE-VIEGAS 12.1 Climate change 303 12.1.1 Drivers of climate change 305 12.1.2 Observed changes in the climate system 305 12.1.3 Future projections of global climate change 307 12.2 Impacts of climate change on biodiversity 308 12.2.1 Recent impacts 309 12.2.2 Future impacts 311 12.3 References 313 Chapter 13 Conservation Biogeography: Our Place in the World 321Brett R RIDDLE 13.1 The emergence of conservation biogeography 321 13.2 Milestones in the development of conservation biogeography 322 13.3 The purview of conservation biogeography: claimed and examined 325 13.4 Has conservation biogeography provided unique contributions to biodiversity conservation? 329 13.5 Future directions 330 13.6 References 331 List of Authors 335 Index 337

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Book SynopsisGlobalization, Urbanization, and Sustainability: What Can We Do? provides students with an introduction to the multifaceted nature of civilization and its impact on our environment. The text explores the intricate interplay between globalization, urbanization, and sustainability, and examines the environmental and health impacts of modern society, including climate change, resource consumption, and waste.The book's nine chapters focus on a distinct aspect of globalization, urbanization, and sustainability, including historical perspectives on urbanism and trade, economic fundamentals of global capitalism, world financial and trade institutions, demography, poverty and economic development, public health, and steps individuals can take to preserve our world and act as good stewards of the earth.Designed to foster a critical awareness of the costs associated with modern systems of production and inspire sustainable solutions, Globalization, Urbanization, and Sustainability is an exceptional resource for courses and programs in environmental studies, urban planning, international studies, economics, public health and sustainability.

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Book SynopsisReviewing over 50 years of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) policy-making and implementation around the world, this thought-provoking Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current research surrounding EIA. Presenting new trends in law and policy-making, it highlights best practices in the application of technology to impact prediction and management, procedural efficiency, decision-making and public participation. In addition to explaining the practicalities of the EIA process, chapters delve deep into EIA’s decision-making stages and methods, revealing the causes of, and solutions to, recurrent issues. Contributions from leading scholars analyse case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North and South America to provide a truly global picture of EIA implementation. Critically examining the laws, policies and procedures involved in these case studies, this Handbook concludes by highlighting new ideas, trends and methods in the field. With a global scope, the illustrative case studies and critical evaluations will prove a useful resource for students and scholars of environmental and management studies and law. Exploring how to implement best practices, it will prove invaluable to EIA practitioners, including consultants, developers and regulators, offering inspiration and guidance for policy reforms.Trade Review‘Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment provides the reader with an overview of EIA in many countries. The research is literature-based. As in many books which are multi-authored, the chapters vary in terms of the style of writing and readability. The various authors are non-lawyers. They provide a broad and non-legalistic approach to environmental assessment, over a wide range of areas. The book will prove a valuable research tool to those wishing to explore environmental assessment globally, beyond the confines of project regulation.’ -- Francis McManus, Scottish Planning and Environmental Law‘This Handbook marks 50 years of Environmental Impact Assessment practice, addressing contemporary issues in an innovative and engaging manner. It captures the state of the art provided by a diverse group of theorists and practitioners drawn from all around the world, before outlining possible directions for the next 50 years.’ -- Angus Morrison-Saunders, Edith Cowan University, AustraliaTable of ContentsContents: PART I CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND EVOLVING ROLES 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment 2 Alberto Fonseca 2 NEPA in the United States: death by extremism or redesign of a more useful tool? 28 Michael R. Greenberg and Stuart Shapiro 3 Impact assessment in the post-COVID-19 world: the growing role of health impact assessment 47 Mirko S. Winkler, Adithya Pradyumna, Francesca Viliani and Astrid M. Knoblauch 4 Integrated impact assessment: coming out of the shadows? 66 Richard K. Morgan PART II STAGES AND METHODS 5 Influence of EIA on project planning and design: exploring the gap between best and actual practice 86 Claire Gronow 6 The theory and practice of scoping: delivering proportionate EIA reports 111 Urmila Jha-Thakur, Fatemeh Khosravi and David Hoare 7 The benefits and perils of digital and automated technologies: impact assessment methods in the fourth industrial revolution 126 Alberto Fonseca 8 A new agenda for significance determination in EIA: promoting community-based determination processes to counterbalance technocratic approaches 146 Sara Bjørn Aaen, Ivar Lyhne and Helle Nedergaard Nielsen 9 Artificial intelligence solutions for environmental and social impact assessments 163 Atiyah Curmally, Blaise W. Sandwidi and Aditi Jagtiani 10 Mitigating climate change through impact assessments: critical reflections from Canadian policy reform 178 Karine Péloffy, Nicholas Zrinyi and Rosa Galvez 11 Follow-up: post-decision learning in EIA 198 John Glasson PART III IMPROVING GOVERNANCE AND DECISION-MAKING 12 Uncertainty in EIA 220 Sanne Vammen Larsen 13 Trade-offs in impact assessment design and implementation 233 Robert B. Gibson and Alberto Fonseca 14 Heuristics and bias in assessing the social impacts of energy projects 258 Douglas L. Bessette 15 Rightful resistance and activism through EIAs in Chile 270 Rajiv Maher and Diego Gálvez Pino 16 Indigenous Peoples and impact assessment 285 Philippe Hanna, Cássio Ingles de Sousa and Tumanako Fa’aui 17 Trends in EIA effectiveness research 303 John J. Loomis and Mauricio Dziedzic PART IV GLOBAL PRACTICE 18 EIA best practice in Africa 320 Luke Sandham, Francois Retief and Reece Alberts 19 EIA in Finland: the influence of international norms on the founding and evolution of national impact assessment systems 337 Timo Koivurova, Katri-Maaria Kyllönen and Krittika Singh 20 EIA in Canada: strengthening follow-up, monitoring and evaluation 352 Patricia Fitzpatrick and J. Byron Williams 21 EIA in Japan: the benefits of early public participation 366 Tetsuya Kamijo 22 Environmental impact assessment in Brazil: a review of its rise (and fall?) 383 Luis E. Sánchez and Carla Grigoletto Duarte 23 EIA in China: evolution and challenges 404 He Xu, Yiting Yang, Huanzhi Wang and Xueyan Guo PART V LOOKING FORWARD 24 The importance of leadership in impact assessment 423 Ross Marshall and Maria Partidário 25 Epilogue (The future of impact prediction: what to expect from EIA in the next 50 years?) 441 Alberto Fonseca Index

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Book SynopsisSDG14 - Life Below Water: Towards Sustainable Management of Our Oceans describes the dependence of human beings on shore and marine resources and highlights how oceanic life sustains the livelihoods of people living in coastal areas, affects global economy and plays a significant role for making earth habitable. Chapters give accounts of human interventions on oceanic life and demonstrate the various ways in which the sustainability of the oceanic system is threatened. Looking to sustainable management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems, chapters investigate best practices initiated in different countries, address issues such as overfishing and the legal framework for conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources. Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals comprises 17 short books, each examining one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The series provides an integrated assessment of the SDGs from economic, legal, social, environmental and cultural perspectives.Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Oceans and Sustainable Development Chapter 3. Sustainable Management and Protection of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems Chapter 4. Marine Pollution Chapter 5. Marine Biodiversity and Development in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Chapter 6. Legal Framework for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Oceans Chapter 7. The Road Ahead

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Book SynopsisEconomies around the world have arrived at a critical juncture: to continue to grow fuelled by fossil fuels and exacerbate climate change, or to move towards more sustainable, greener, growth. Choosing the latter is shown to help address climate change, as well as present new economic opportunities. This Handbook provides a deeper understanding of the concept of green growth, and highlights key lessons from the experience of green transformations across the world following a decade of ambitious stimulus packages and green reforms. With comprehensive chapters from key researchers in the field drawn from across the globe, the Handbook on Green Growth offers up to date and original analysis of the many facets of the phenomenon of green growth. Is economic growth desirable? When can economic growth and environmental policies work together? What are the key factors that will achieve green growth? What will be the multiple impacts of green growth? And, what have been the experiences of economies that have undertaken a green transformation? This Handbook will be a key resource for students and academics interested in economics, environmental and ecological studies, as well as for those specialising in environmental policy. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers concerned about the dual objectives of stimulating economic growth and addressing environmental damage.Trade Review'While strong opinions often dominate the debate on economic growth versus the environment, this Handbook gives an honest evaluation of conflicting evidence and theories. It provides a splendidly rich variety of interpretations of the green growth idea. The thoughtful extrapolations of historical cases and suggestions for future policies towards the transition to a greener economy - with or without growth - make us aware that green growth is at the heart of the world economy's future.' --Sjak Smulders, Tilburg University, the Netherlands'Providing a clear introduction and varied country overviews, this accessible book is of relevance to both the general reader and the more technical specialist. Written without jargon this book demonstrates that economists can tackle real world problems in simple prose. In a clear and accessible style, this edited volume brings together cutting-edge analysis from some of the leading green economy thinkers. The book covers both more conceptual insights and applied country studies ranging from Europe, the US, Asia and Africa. It rightfully highlights China for its massive national success in switching to low carbon energy, whilst continuing to export dirty coal technology, financing 30% of the world s coal plants under development. Ultimately the book ends with an interesting series of chapters that explore the links between green growth and the knowledge economy.' --Paul Steele, International Institute for Environment and Development'The global economy stands at a critical juncture: the policy choices we make right now will determine whether or not humanity stands a chance of halting climate change. This Handbook is a vital reminder that ''green'' and ''growth'' can and must go together - we just need the right combination of integrated economic and environmental policies. It maps out the major questions, opportunities and challenges that we face in our efforts to follow a ''green growth'' path, and is therefore a critical and timely contribution for policy makers who are trying to make environmentally-friendly growth a success.' --Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECDTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Roger Fouquet PART I. THE GROWTH STRATEGY 1. Policies for green growth versus policies for no growth: a matter of timing Richard G. Lipsey 2. The Limits to Green Growth Peter A. Victor and Martin Sers 3. Green “Agrowth” – the Next Development Stage of Rich Countries Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Stefan Drews PART II. THE POTENTIAL FOR GREEN GROWTH AND ITS IMPACTS 4. Path-Dependence, Innovation and the Economics of Climate Change Philippe Aghion, Cameron Hepburn, Alex Teytelboym and Dimitri Zenghelis 5. Long-Term Productivity Growth and the Environment Alex Bowen 6. The Challenge of Decoupling Economic Expansion and Environmentally Damaging Energy Uses: Can Energy Efficiency Actions Deliver Cleaner Economic Expansion? Karen Turner and Antonios Katris 7. Targeted Technology Strategies for Low-Carbon Economic Growth: Linking Bottom-Up and Top-Down Assessments Ian Sue Wing and Govinda Timilsina 8. Inclusive Labour Markets for Green Growth Alex Bowen PART III. THE DRIVERS OF GREEN GROWTH 9. Growth, Structural Transformation, and the New Global Agenda: What this means for China and the World Ehtisham Ahmad, Isabella Neuweg and Nicholas Stern 10. Climate Change Policy, Innovation and Growth Antoine Dechezleprêtre, Ralf Martin and Samuela Bassi 11. Financing Green Growth Gregor Semieniuk and Mariana Mazzucato 12. Green Startups and Local Knowledge Bases: Newborn suppliers of energy-related technologies in Italian Provinces Alessandra Colombelli and Francesco Quatraro 13. Addressing the Political Economy of Green Industrial Policy with Economic Geography Maria Carvalho PART IV. GREEN TRANSFORMATIONS 14. The Green Growth Economy as an Engine of Development: The Case of China John A. Mathews 15. Green Growth in South Korea Jae-Seung Lee 16. Reforming Energy Policy in India: Assessing the Options Ian Parry, Victor Mylonas and Nate Vernon 17. Green Transformations and State Bureaucracy in the Global South Markus Lederer, Linda Wallbott and Frauke Urban 18. Economic Transformation and Green Growth for African Economies Russel Bishop and Milan Brahmbhatt PART V. BEYOND GREEN GROWTH 19. Transitioning to Smart Green Growth: Lessons from History Carlota Perez 20. The Invisible Hand and the Weightless Economy Danny Quah 21. The Transition from a Fossil-Fuel Economy to a Knowledge Economy Roger Fouquet and Ralph Hippe Index

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