The environment Books
John Wiley and Sons Ltd What Is Environmental History
Book SynopsisWhat is environmental history? It is a kind of history that seeks understanding of human beings as they have lived, worked, and thought in relationship to the rest of nature through the changes brought by time. In this new edition of his seminal student textbook, J.Trade Review"Anyone seeking help in navigating the shifting shoals of environmental history will give fulsome thanks to Don Hughes for this book. It is far and away the best guide yet to the issues and historiography of this emerging field, spanning the globe and delving into the deep as well as recent past."—J. R. McNeill, Georgetown University "What is Environmental History? is a masterfully condensed overview of one of the most urgent and rapidly developing fields of history. Written by a scholar of classical antiquity, it gracefully covers ancient, medieval, and modern periods – with a global vision. A state-of-the-art report for any scholar, and a perfect introduction for the student."—Sverker Sörlin, Royal Institute of Technology, StockholmTable of Contents1. Defining Environmental HistoryIntroductionThe Themes of Environmental HistoryAmong the Scholarly DisciplinesEnvironmental History and the Older History2. Forerunners of Environmental HistoryIntroductionThe Ancient WorldMedieval and Early Modern Environmental ThoughtThe Early Twentieth Century3. The Emergence of Environmental History in the United StatesIntroductionAmerican History from Conservation to EnvironmentStrands of Environmental History in the United StatesCollaborators with Environmental History4. Local, Regional, and National Environmental HistoriesIntroductionCanadaEuropeThe MediterraneanThe Middle East and North AfricaIndia, South and Southeast AsiaEast AsiaAustralia, New Zealand, and the Pacific IslandsAfricaLatin AmericaThe Ancient World and the Middle AgesConclusion5. Global Environmental HistoryIntroductionBooks on World Environmental HistoryTopics of Global ImportanceEnvironmental MovementsWorld History TextsConclusion6. Issues and Directions in Environmental HistoryIntroductionProfessionalismAdvocacyEnvironmental DeterminismPresentismDeclensionist NarrativesPolitical-Economic TheoryThe Next IssuesConclusion7. Thoughts on Doing Environmental HistoryIntroductionGuidance on MethodologyThe Search for SourcesResourcesConclusion: The Future of Environmental HistoryNotesSelect BibliographyIndex
£45.00
University of British Columbia Press Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental
Book SynopsisThis innovative book offers an interdisciplinary framework with which to think through ecological, political, economic, and social issues, provding one of the most comprehensive analyses of Canadian natural resource and environmental policy to date.Trade ReviewA useful addition … [There is a] paucity of readable and perceptive political science in this field … [this book] crackle[s] with interesting ideas and testable hypotheses. * Canadian Public Policy *Praise for the 1st editionAn excellent book … accessible, well written and well researched. It provides a first-rate introduction to the dilemmas and controversies surrounding Canadian natural resource and environmental policy and as such it will facilitate discussion in the classroom and encourage students to think about the issues. -- Heather A. Smith * Canadian Journal of Political Science *Table of ContentsFigures and TablesPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart 1: Introduction1 Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy: Issues and ApproachesPart 2: The Context(s) of Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy2 The Socioeconomic Context: Canadian Resource Industries and the Postwar Canadian Political Economy3 The Institutional Context: The Canadian Constitution, Aboriginal Rights, and International Agreements Affecting Resources and the EnvironmentPart 3: Analyzing Natural Resource and Environmental Policy4 The Resource and Environmental Policy Process: An Analytical FrameworkPart 4: The Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy Process5 Agenda Setting: The Role of the Public in Resource and Environmental Policy Formation6 Policy Formulation: Identifying the Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy Subsystem7 Decision Making: The Politics of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy8 Policy Implementation: The Administration of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy9 Policy Evaluation: The Political, Administrative, and Judicial Assessment of Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy10 Conclusion: The Future of the Canadian Resource and Environmental Policy ParadigmNotesBibliographyIndex
£73.95
University of British Columbia Press British Columbias Inland Rainforest
Book SynopsisThis book brings together information from a wide range of sources about the ecology, management, and conservation of British Columbia’s inland rainforest.Table of ContentsPreface1 Introduction2 The Physical Setting3 Ecology and Productivity4 Changing Communities, Changing Values, Changing Uses5 Changing Forests: Timber Harvesting and Silviculture6 Changing Ecosystems: Forest Management Effects on Biodiversity7 Changing Climate: Carbon Dynamics and Climate Change8 Managing Ecological Landscape Patterns and Processes9 A Vision for a Unique EcosystemAppendicesGlossary; References Cited; Indices
£31.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Managing for the Environment Understanding the
Book SynopsisThis text explains how public managers can effectively address environmental issues from a managerial point of view. The authors examine environmental concerns from the perspective of the non-specialist managers who must deal with these issues.Trade Review"This book is for everyone faced with an environmentalchallenge--public officials, not-for-profit organizations, andbusinesses--all will benefit greatly from the insights and adviceof the authors." (William D. Ruckelshaus, former administrator,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and chairman, Browning-FerrisIndustries, Inc.) "This book breaks new ground and is at the cutting edge of researchon environmental management. Students of policy and management willfind the book easy to read and useful in their courses and theirwork." (Sheldon Kamieniecki, professor and chair, Department ofPolitical Science, University of Southern California) "At last! A book that provides a comprehensive, accessibleexplanation of environmental law for public and private managerswho must grapple with the law's enormous complexities. It should berequired reading." (Richard J. Lazarus, professor, GeorgetownUniversity Law Center) "The presentation of the basics of environmental science coupledwith a discussion of the challenges that regulators see in theirday-to-day activity make this textbook a real learning experiencefor students as they prepare themselves for the job market."(Michael O'Connor, former commissioner, Indiana Department ofEnvironmental Management)Table of ContentsUNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. Environmental Management: Policy Issues, Trends, andTrade-Offs. What Every Manager Should Know About Environmental Law. Seven Legal Trends That Every Manager Should Know. WORKING WITH STAKEHOLDERS TO PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES. Designing Total Quality Environmental Management. Working with the Media. Working with Communities. Communicating Risk. Resolving Environmental Disputes. DELIVERING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Building Strategic Environmental Information Systems. Managing Scientific and Technical Personnel. Managing Contracts and Grants. Adapting to Environmental Challenges: A Policymaker's ToolKit. LESSONS. Principles, Practices, and Priorities for a New Century.
£49.50
Hopkins Fulfillment Service Apollos Eye
Book SynopsisHe connects the evolving image of a unified globe to politically powerful conceptions of human unity.Trade ReviewWell written, copiously illustrated, and with an excellent section of notes at the end of each chapter, the author and publishers of this book are to be commended. -- David Cooper Geography The richly embroidered garment he has woven together provides a really stimulating argument for anyone interested in the links between representation and political process... Apollo's Eye is constantly thought-provoking. -- Chris Perkins Society of Cartographers Bulletin Apollo's Eye will appeal to a broad range of readers, in part because its subject is so keenly relevant to current world events. Cosgrove's erudition is as impressive as ever... Cosgrove shows convincingly how successive understandings of the globe were inflected and distinguished by new technologies and techniques of analysis and representation. -- David L. Hays Cultural Geographies 2004 A fascinating and unique history. -- Sylvia Bender Western Association of Map Libraries 2006Table of ContentsContents: 1 Imperial and Poetic Globe 2 Classical Globe 3 Christian Globe 4 Oceanic Globe 5 Visionary Globe 6 Emblematic Globe and the Poetics of the World 7 Enlightened Globe 8 Modern Globe 9 Virtual Globe
£24.75
University of Toronto Press The Greening of Canada
Book SynopsisEnvironmental matters have become increasingly important in Canadian and world policy agendas. In this study, G. Bruce Doern and Thomas Conway trace the development of Canadian environment policy, giving an in-depth account of twenty years of environmental politics, politicians, institutions, and decisions as seen through the evolution of Ottawa's policy agency, Environment Canada.The Greening of Canada is an extensively researched look at the entire period from the early 1970s to the present and is the most complete and integrated analysis yet of federal environmental institutions and key decisions. From Great Lakes pollution to the Green Plan, from the Stockholm Conference to the post–Rio Earth Summit era, the authors deal with both domestic and international events and influences on Ottawa's often abortive efforts to entrench a green agenda into national politics.The book explores the crucial relationships of institutional and political power, direct
£29.70
MP-FLO Uni Press of Florida An Environmental History of Northeast Florida
Book SynopsisThis text describes how natural features transformed and how cultural traditions of native people, as well as Spanish, English, and American colonists, developed in response to opportunities and constraints of the environment, using the example of northeast Florida.
£44.96
University Press of Florida André Michaux in Florida
Book SynopsisFrom a historical as well as a botanical perspective, Andre Michaux in Florida re-creates the Florida exploration of a remarkable explorer and observer and allows us to experience vicariously the vibrancy and joy of his journey of discovery.Trade Review“André Michaux in Florida is outstanding for its scholarship and documentation; the authors have clearly written with meticulous care to detail. . . . A critical documentation of Michaux’s botanical work in Florida that adds significantly to the historical record.”—Plant Science Bulletin“This book makes a bold start at restoring the significance of [Michaux’s] botanical record to the history of science.”—Isis“Taylor and Norman have provided a volume useful to specialists on Florida’s historical biological diversity. The volume will also be of use to scholars of the late colonial period in Florida, especially those interested in environmental history.”—H-Net“[The authors] provide copious historical, geographic, and biographical background information concerning Michaux, other naturalists with whom he corresponded, and the political history of the area of Florida he explored.”—Journal of Southern History#8220;An excellent primary resource for understanding the second Spanish period of Florida.” —Colonial Latin American Historical Review
£21.56
Rutgers University Press Speaking of Earth
Book SynopsisA compelling anthology of environmental speeches by prominent and articulate leaders from around the globe. This book is required reading for anyone who cares about the future of our planet--and especially for those who don't yet care enough.Trade ReviewThis book is required reading for every environmentalist. -- Adam Werbach * past president of the Sierra Club *A compelling anthology of environmental speeches by prominent and articulate leaders from around the globe who share a deep and abiding concern for the earth and its inhabitants. They each 'speak a word for Nature' (Thoreau) at a time when it is sorely needed. Speaking of Earth is required reading for anyone who cares about the future of our planet-and especially for those who don't yet care enough. -- Don Henley * Walden Woods Project *Speaking of Earth is a treasure trove of twenty inspiring speeches by environmentalists from around the world, ranging from Rachel Carson, to Chico Mendes, to Wangari Maathai. With Alon Tal's engaging biographical introductions, this book will be a welcome addition to the courses, coffee tables, and bookshelves of all those who would follow in their footsteps. -- Carolyn Merchant * author of The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution and *Alon Tal's Speaking of Earth provides the reader with a well-designed overview of the key issues facing those who seek to preserve our environment. Spanning a broad scope of notable sources, Tal's collection is a timely reminder of the tasks identified but yet unfulfilled. -- President Jimmy CarterTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Preface 1. "The Publication of Silent Spring Was Neither the Beginning Nor the End of That Struggle" Rachel Carson, United States of America, 1963 2. "A Land without Wildflowers Will Be a Hotel, Not a Homeland" Yizhar Smilansky, Israel, 1962 3. "If Man Is to Survive, the Ocean Is Not Dispensable" Thor Heyerdahl, Norway, 1972 4. "We Do Not Have to Believe in the Inevitability of Environmental Catastrophe to Accept the Possibility of Such a Catastrophe" Maurice Strong, Canada, 1972 5. "We Are the First, but We Are Not Likely to Be the Last" Lois Gibbs, United States of America, 1979 6. "Nuclear Weapons Are Morally Indefensible" David Lange, New Zealand, 1985 7. "I Too Am One of Those Who Cannot Live without Wild Things" Mongosuthu G. Buthulezi, South Africa, 1986 8. "The Question Now Is Simply Whether We Control Science or Whether Science Will Control Us" Mostafa Tolba, Egypt, 1987 9. "The Destruction of Our Rain Forest Affects Not Only the Brazilian People, but in Fact All the People of the Planet" Chico Mendes, Brazil, 1988 10. "The Prospect of Climate Change Is a New Factor in Human Affairs" Margaret Thatcher, United Kingdom, 1989 11. "If We Want to Transform Society in an Ecological Way, We Must Transform Ourselves" Petra Kelly, Germany, 1991 12. "Our Mother Earth Is Teaching Us a Lesson in Universal Responsibility" the Dalai Lama, Tibet, 1992 13. "The Sermon" David Brower, United States of America, 1992 14. "A Deadly Ecological War in Which No Blood Is Spilled but People Die All the Time" Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigeria, 1993 15. "We Venture into Realms That Belong to God, and to God Alone" Charles, Prince of Wales, United Kingdom, 1996 16. "To Commit a Crime against the Natural World is a Sin" Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, Turkey, 1997 17. "It's All about Taming Greed" Ian Kiernan, Australia, 1998 18. "Sharing and Exchange, the Basis of Our Humanity and Our Ecological Survival Has Been Redefined as a Crime" Vandana Shiva, India, 2000 19. "Problems Are Not Enough in Themselves to Create a Momentum for Change" Karl-Henrik Robert, Sweden, 2001 20. "The Challenge Is to Restore the Home of the Tadpoles and Give Back to Our Children a World of Beauty and Wonder" Wangari Maathai, Kenya, 2004 Index
£24.29
MP-VIR Uni of Virginia Beyond Nature Writing Expanding the Boundaries of
Book SynopsisEcocriticism is a field that is expanding dramatically. This volume is a collection of essays by ecocritics and scholars from the literary and environmental arenas. Together, their work seeks to signal a new direction in the field and offer insights into a broad spectrum of texts.Trade ReviewBeyond Nature Writing is a stimulating, challenging, lively, and informative book - an impressive gathering of essays that delineate the expanding boundaries of the emerging field of ecocriticism - that will be of great use to scholars and teachers with an interest in literature and environmental studies. The range and choice of subjects is both wise and illuminating, and the variety of style and approach is truly refreshing. - John Tallmadge, The Union Institute ""These essays illustrate the considerable range in both subject matter and critical tactics available to and through ecocriticism; they chart out a wide, varied, and inviting new territory for teaching and research."" - SueEllen Campbell, Colorado State University
£28.45
MP-VIR Uni of Virginia The Best and Worst Country in the World Perspectives on the Early Virginia Landscape
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£22.75
Career Opportunities in Conservation and the
Book SynopsisConservation and environmental jobs account for between 1 and 3 percent of total US employment, and educational options for this field have grown significantly. This book features more than 70 profiles of careers in these areas.
£17.06
University of Arizona Press The Ecological Other
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£31.30
University of Arizona Press From Enron to Evo Pipeline Politics Global
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£24.71
The University of Arizona Press A Zapotec Natural History Trees Herbs and Flowers Birds Beasts and Bugs in the Life of San Juan Gbee Trees Herbs and Flowers Birds Beasts and Bugs in the Life of San Juan Gb
Book SynopsisDescribes the people of a small town in Mexico and their remarkable knowledge of the natural world in which they live. Eugene S. Hunn writes sensitively and respectfully about the rich understanding of local flora and fauna that village inhabitants have acquired and transmitted over many centuries.
£28.46
University of Arizona Press No Species Is an Island
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£15.26
The University of Alabama Press Natures Prophet
Book SynopsisProvides a critical reassessment of Alfred Russel Wallace's path to natural theology and counters the dismissive narrative that Wallace's theistic and sociopolitical positions are not to be taken seriously in the history and philosophy of science.Trade ReviewNature's Prophet is an astute study of Wallace's path to natural theology and provides a cogent account of a crucial—and often underappreciated or dismissed—element of Wallace's profound evolutionary worldview."" - Martin Fichman, author of An Elusive Victorian: The Evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace and Evolutionary Theory and Victorian Culture
£35.06
The University of Alabama Press André Michaux in North America
Book SynopsisKnown to today's biologists primarily as the “Michx”, at the end of more than 700 plant names, Andre Michaux was an intrepid French naturalist. Straddling the fields of documentary editing, history of the early republic, history of science, botany, and American studies, this book is the first complete English edition of Michaux's American journals.Trade ReviewMichaux is fascinating [but] largely unknown. All of the available works on Michaux are valuable for scholars seeking to understand him as well as the early environment of the South. [Yet] all have limitations.. The present effort—translations with annotations - will remedy the lack of a solid edition of Michaux's work.. The editors have done an excellent job in gathering material and presenting their work." - Kathryn E. Holland Braund, author of Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War and the War of 1812"AndrÉ Michaux in North America brings together a wealth of material from the many worlds of early American natural history. This book is a massive undertaking, invaluable and sure to serve as a lasting resource on the transatlantic culture of scientific discovery." - Thomas Hallock, coeditor of Travels on the St. Johns River: John Bartram and William Bartra "In 1785, the great French botanist was sent to America as the official representative of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to obtain plants, especially trees, of the New World for the King's garden at Versailles. In 1794, he climbed Grandfather Mountain and wrote in his journal, 'Reached the summit of the highest mountain in North America and with my companion and guide, sang the Marseillaise and shouted "Long Live America and the Republic of France, long live Liberty! To Michaux, it was the top of the visible world and the perfect place to celebrate the triumph of freedom. Michaux was fascinated by the surrounding forest array of unique flora. Michaux's personal relationships with Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington helped imbue him with a love of independence." - Text on museum display panel at Grandfather Mountain in North CarolinaTable of Contents List of Illustrations Foreword by James E. McClellan III Preface Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction: Biographical Sketch Chapter 1. Arrival in New York, November 1785, and Relocation to Charleston, September 1786 Chapter 2. Initial Journeys from Charleston, 1787 Chapter 3. Exploring Florida, 1788 Chapter 4. Exploring in the Carolinas, Georgia, and the Bahamas, 1788-1789 Chapter 5. Charleston to New York, 1789 Chapter 6. Charleston Interlude, 1790-1791 Chapter 7. Journey to Canada, 1792 Chapter 8. Journey into the Canadian Wilderness, 1792 Chapter 9. Philadelphia, Western Expeditions Considered, 1793 Chapter 10. Kentucky Journey for Genet, 1793 Chapter 11. North Carolina Mountains, 1794 Chapter 12. Journey West to the Mississippi River, 1795 Chapter 13. Kaskaskia to Charleston, December 1795-April 1796 Chapter 14. Charleston, Spring and Summer 1796 Chapter 15. Return Voyage to France and Shipwreck, August 1796-January 1797 Epilogue: Michaux's Last Years, 1797-1802 Appendix: Plant and Animal Indexes Notes Bibliography Index
£42.26
The University of Alabama Press Salleyland
Book SynopsisAn exercise in learning to learn about a patch of nature, thereby opening our eyes to the complexity and wonder of the natural world.
£17.95
University of Pittsburgh Press Out Of The Woods Essays in Environmental History
Book SynopsisEnvironmental History, formerly Environmental History Review, has helped define an entire discipline through the publication of the finest scholarship of humanists, social and natural scientists, and a variety of other professionals. Out of the Woods gathers the best of this scholarship.
£40.50
University of Pittsburgh Press Bureaucrats Politics And the Environment
Book SynopsisAn informative case study of how bureaucrats establish and enforce policy and law. By focusing on personnel from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New Mexico Environment Department Bureaucrats, Politics, and the Environment puts a face on bureaucracy and provides an explanation for its actions.Trade ReviewA controversial, yet worthwhile contribution to the study of administrative politics.... Merits serious attention by scholars and practitioners interested in public administration, public policy, and American politics. - George A. Krause, University of South Carolina; ""Drives a stake through the heart of simplistic applications of agency theory and assumptions of budget-maximizing behavior while offering a far more sophisticated portrayal of the complex set of factors that shape regulation."" - Marc Allen Eisner, Wesleyan University
£35.00
University of Pittsburgh Press Devastation and Renewal
Book SynopsisJoel Tarr presents a collection of essays examining the tortured environmental history of Pittsburgh, a region blessed with an abundance of natural resources as well as a history of intensive industrial development. Awarded the 2005 Certificate of Commendation by Choice Magazine
£42.75
University of Pittsburgh Press To Love the Wind and the Rain
Book SynopsisAn examination of the relationship between African Americans and the environment in U.S. history, "To Love the Wind and the Rain" contains essays covering topics such as slavery, religion, the turpentine industry, gardening, outdoor recreation, women and politics.Trade ReviewFrom slavery to Jim Crow segregation to the eras of civil rights and environmental justice, the authors guide us through a multitude of periods and places, skillfully blending theory with practice while building an environmental history of African America.... The stories... in this volume must be read in the context of the enormity of this oppressive history and the struggles of individuals and communities to overcome its consequences. Set against this historical backdrop, the stories herein become more remarkable as the authors illuminate the vitality of their subjects' lives, the significance of their achievements, and the successes and failures of their work together. In so doing, the writers not only show us how to write a new kind of African American environmental history, but illustrate the ways that writing history can itself become a moral act. - Carolyn Merchant, University of California, Berkeley, from the foreword
£37.95
University of Pittsburgh Press Nature and National Identity After Communism
Book SynopsisWinner of the 2008 First Place Book Prize from the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies.
£42.75
University of Hawai'i Press Natives and Exotics World War II and Environment in the Southern Pacific
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£23.96
University of New Mexico Press Stewart L. Udall Steward of the Land
Book SynopsisAs a three-term member of Congress and as the secretary of the interior in the Kennedy and Johnson cabinets, Stewart L. Udall was a distinguished public servant and one of the great environmental leaders in US history. This book introduces his work to a new generation. The author traces the influences on Udall's career, the evolution of his views on conservation, and his setbacks and triumphs.
£26.06
University of New Mexico Press Camera Hunter George Shiras III and the Birth of
Book SynopsisIn 1906 George Shiras III published a series of remarkable nighttime photographs in National Geographic that celebrated American wildlife at a time when many species were going extinct. Camera Hunter recounts Shiras's life and craft as he traveled to wild country, refined his trail-camera techniques, and advocated for the protection of wildlife.
£23.76
CABI Publishing Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas
Book SynopsisThis book describes the state of the art of tourism planning and management in national parks and protected areas. It also provides guidelines for best practice in tourism operations.Trade Review"...It should be made available in every university library, and many lecturers will find it useful to have their own copy as it is a rich, and sometimes provocative, source of information and ideas on this important aspect of tourism management." Eric Lows, Tourism, April 2003"Table of Contents1: The Ecological and Cultural Goals of National Parks and Protected Areas 2: Park Tourism in the World 3: Social Roles of Park-based Tourism 4: Planning for Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas: Principles and Concepts 5: Management of Visitors in National Parks and Protected Areas 6: The Manager's Toolbox 7: Monitoring of Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas 8: Tourism Services and Infrastructure 9: Tourism, Protected Areas and Local Communities 10: Tourism in Marine Protected Areas 11: E A Halpenny, Nature Tourism Solutions, Ontario, Canada 12: The Economics of Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas, R N Moisey, University of Montana, USA 13: Park Finance and Tourism 14: Park Tourism Policy 15: The Future of Park-based Tourism
£46.17
Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd Handbook on the Economics of Natural Resources
Book SynopsisThe topics discussed in the Handbook on the Economics of Natural Resources are essential for those looking to understand how best to use and conserve the resources that form the foundation for human well-being.Trade Review'This book is essential reading for anyone who wishes to know how the field of Natural Resource Economics - broadly defined - has progressed over the past 20 years, and where it is headed in the future. It is an excellent collection of papers on the subject.' --Maureen Cropper, University of Maryland, College Park and Resources for the Future'With contributions by leading scholars in the field, this book surveys key concepts, methodologies and results from the important field of natural resource economics. The chapters are rigorous and sophisticated, but at the same time accessible to anyone with some graduate-level training in economics. They include both theoretical presentations and real-world discussions that tie the theory to critical resource challenges facing the world today. I highly recommend this either as a textbook for a graduate class in natural resource economics or as a key resource for anyone wanting an overview of state-of-the-art scholarship in this field.' --Kathleen Segerson, University of ConnecticutTable of ContentsContents: PART I NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES 1. Basic Economics of Nonrenewable Resource Use John M. Hartwick 2. The Hotelling Model with Multiple Demands Gérard Gaudet and Stephen W. Salant 3. Empirical Evidence on the Theory of Nonrenewable Resource Economics John Livernois and Henry Thille 4. The Taxation of Nonrenewable Natural Resources Gérard Gaudet and Pierre Lasserre 5. Rent Taxes and Royalties in Designing Fiscal Regimes for Nonrenewable Resources Robin Boadway and Michael Keen 6. The Political Basis of the Resource Curse Richard M. Auty PART II MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7. Bioeconomics: Nature as Capital Eli P. Fenichel, Sathya Gopalakrishnan and Onon Bayasgalan 8. The Forest Harvesting Problem: Have We Reached the Limit of Our Understanding? Gregory S. Amacher 9. Biological Resistance Ramanan Laxminarayan and Markus Herrmann PART III CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 10. Structuring Rights and Privileges in Catch Share Systems Daniel Holland 11. Spatial Economics of Forest Conservation Heidi J. Albers and Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson 12. Ecosystem Services Edward B. Barbier 13. Conservation Prioritization Using Reserve Site Selection Methods Stephen C. Newbold and Juha Siikamaki PART IV WATER RESOURCES 14. Water Economics R. Quentin Grafton and Sarah Wheeler 15. Water Rate Policy: Prescription and Practice Ronald Griffin 16. Water Institutions and the Law of One Price Eric C. Edwards and Gary D. Libecap 17. Water Quality and Economics: Willingness to Pay, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, and New Research Frontiers Yusuke Kuwayama and Sheila Olmstead 18. Transboundary Water Issues Edward B. Barbier and Anik Bhaduri Index
£213.00
Washington State University Press Beyond the Wonder
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£19.96
Harvard University Press Hinduism and Ecology
Book SynopsisThis fourth volume in the series exploring religions and the environment investigates the role of the multifaceted Hindu tradition in the development of greater ecological awareness in India. The 22 contributors ask how traditional concepts of nature in the classical texts might inspire or impede an eco-friendly attitude among modern Hindus.Trade Review[This] book is a major contribution to an important and expanding academic area, and it will be much appreciated by university audiences. -- David Gosling * Times Higher Education Supplement *This book opens with the startling statement that India boasts the world’s largest environmental movement, involving over 950 nongovernmental organizations… The central issue is whether the mores and tenets of Hinduism are compatible with the protection of the environment. The writers examine epics and sacred texts, arts and rituals, and the thoughts of Gandhi for what they show about the human use of nature in India… The quality of writing and scholarship is high. The writers are aware of parallels with the ecological crisis in the West; thus the book should be valuable to those interested in the global crisis. These lucid explanations of Indian thought and customs will help the Westerner to better understand India. -- W. C. Buchanan * Choice *
£37.76
Harvard University Press Ecologies of Human Flourishing
Book SynopsisIn this volume, prominent Buddhist scholar Donald Swearer posits that the future requires a radical shift toward living in recognition of the interdependence of all life forms and the consequent ethic of communality and a life style of moderation or “enoughness” that flows from that recognition, which he calls “an ecology of human flourishing.”Trade ReviewFrom the Foreword on, this book challenges—from multiple perspectives—the prevailing ‘modern’ paradigm of ecological and social individualism. Individual affluence is not sustainable in a milieu of widening human deprivation and ecological collapse; nor will your well-meaning voluntary individual self-restraint stanch poverty, pollution, and climate change. Only with a visceral collective recognition that we are all embedded absolutely and inextricably in complex, interdependent eco-social networks—accompanied by determined collective action—will there emerge genuine ecologies of human flourishing. -- J. Baird Callicott, University Distinguished Research Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies, University of North Texas, and author of Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental PhilosophyWith its splendid list of learned and wise contributors, and its focus on perhaps the single most important religious, moral, and political question of our time, this volume makes a highly significant contribution. We are fortunate to have it. -- Roger S. Gottlieb, Professor of Philosophy, Department of Humanities and Arts, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and author of A Greener Faith and Engaging Voices: Tales of Morality and Meaning in an Age of Global Warming
£17.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bioremediation and Sustainability
Book SynopsisBioremediation and Sustainability is an up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of research and applications for some of the most important low-cost, green, emerging technologies in chemical and environmental engineering. .Table of ContentsDedications Preface Acknowledgements Editor List of Contributors Chapter 1. Elements of Sustainability and Bioremediation Ackmez Mudhoo and Romeela Mohee Chapter 2. Natural Attenuation R. Ryan Dupont Chapter 3. Anaerobic Digestion Processes Steven I. Safferman, Dana M. Kirk Louis L. Faivor, Wei Wu-Haan Chapter 4. Biosurfactants: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Environmental Bioremediation Ramkrishna Sen, Ackmez Mudhoo and Gunaseelan, D. Chapter 5. Phytoremediation: An Efficient Approach for Bioremediation of Organic and Metallic Ions Pollutants Divya Gupta, Lalit Kumar Singh, Ashish Deep Gupta and Vikash Babu Chapter 6. Bioleaching Leo G. Leduc and Garry D. Ferroni Chapter 7. Biosorption of Heavy Metals – New Perspectives Teresa Taveres and Hugo Figueiredo Chapter 8. Biofiltration: Essentials, Research and Applications Smita Raghuvanshi, Subhajit Majumder and Suresh Gupta Chapter 9. Modeling and Implementation of Sustainable Remediation Based on Bioventing Hillel Rubin, Eran Rubin, and Holger Schüttrumpf Chapter 10. Bioremediation of Xenobiotics Kamal Saxena, Gajendra Kumar Aseri, Ashish Deep Gupta and Vikash Babu Index
£166.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Environmental Microbiology
Book SynopsisNew and expanded for its second edition, Environmental Microbiology: From Genomes to Biogeochemistry Second Edition, is a timely update to a classic text filled with ideas, connections, and concepts that advance an in-depth understanding of this growing segment of microbiology. Core principles are highlighted with an emphasis on the logic of the science and new methods-driven discoveries. Numerous up-to-date examples and applications boxes provide tangible reinforcement of material covered. Study questions at the end of each chapter require students to utilize analytical and quantitative approaches, to define and defend arguments, and to apply microbiological paradigms to their personal interests. Essay assignments and related readings stimulate student inquiry and serve as focal points for teachers to launch classroom discussions. A companion website with downloadable artwork and answers to study questions is also available. Environmental Microbiology: From GeTable of ContentsPreface viii About the Companion Website x 1 Significance, History, and Challenges of Environmental Microbiology 1 1.1 Core concepts can unify environmental microbiology 1 1.2 Synopsis of the significance of environmental microbiology 2 1.3 A brief history of environmental microbiology 6 1.4 Complexity of our world 10 1.5 Many disciplines and their integration 13 2 Formation of the Biosphere: Key Biogeochemical and Evolutionary Events 25 2.1 Issues and methods in Earth’s history and evolution 26 2.2 Formation of early planet Earth 26 2.3 Did life reach Earth from Mars? 30 2.4 Plausible stages in the development of early life 31 2.5 Mineral surfaces in marine hydrothermal vents: the early iron/sulphur world could have driven biosynthesis 35 2.6 Encapsulation (a key to cellular life) and an alternative (nonmarine) hypothesis for the habitat of precellular life 36 2.7 A plausible definition of the tree of life’s “Last universal common ancestor” (LUCA) 37 2.8 The rise of oxygen 39 2.9 Evidence for oxygen and cellular life in the sedimentary record 39 2.10 The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis 42 2.11 Consequences of oxygenic photosynthesis: molecular oxygen in the atmosphere and large pools of organic carbon 45 2.12 Eukaryotic evolution: endosymbiotic theory and the blending of traits from Archaea and Bacteria 48 3 Physiological Ecology: Resource Exploitation by Microorganisms 56 3.1 The cause of physiological diversity: diverse habitats provide selective pressures over evolutionary time 57 3.2 Biological and evolutionary insights from genomics 57 3.3 Fundamentals of nutrition: carbon- and energy-source utilization provide a foundation for physiological ecology 69 3.4 Selective pressures: ecosystem nutrient fluxes regulate the physiological status and composition of microbial communities 71 3.5 Cellular responses to starvation: resting stages, environmental sensing circuits, gene regulation, dormancy, and slow growth 76 3.6 A planet of complex mixtures in chemical disequilibrium 86 3.7 A thermodynamic hierarchy describing biosphere selective pressures, energy sources, and biogeochemical reactions 91 3.8 Using the thermodynamic hierarchy of half reactions to predict biogeochemical reactions in time and space 93 3.9 Overview of metabolism and the “logic of electron transport” 104 3.10 The flow of carbon and electrons in anaerobic food chains: syntrophy is the rule 105 3.11 The diversity of lithotrophic reactions 109 4 A Survey of the Earth’s Microbial Habitats 117 4.1 Terrestrial biomes 118 4.2 Soils: geographic features relevant to both vegetation and microorganisms 120 4.3 Aquatic habitats 124 4.4 Subsurface habitats: oceanic and terrestrial 131 4.5 Defining the prokaryotic biosphere: where do prokaryotes occur on Earth? 141 4.6 Life at the micron scale: an excursion into the microhabitat of soil microorganisms 145 4.7 Extreme habitats for life and microbiological adaptations 151 5 Microbial Diversity: Who is Here and How do we Know? 162 5.1 Defining cultured and uncultured microorganisms 163 5.2 Approaching a census: an introduction to the environmental microbiological “toolbox” 167 5.3 Criteria for census taking: recognition of distinctive microorganisms (species) 170 5.4 Proceeding toward census taking and measures of microbial diversity 175 5.5 The tree of life: our view of evolution’s blueprint for biological diversity 181 5.6 A Sampling of key traits of cultured microorganisms from the domains Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea 185 5.7 Placing the “uncultured majority” on the tree of life: what have nonculture-based investigations revealed? 205 5.8 Viruses: an overview of biology, ecology, and diversity 213 5.9 Microbial diversity illustrated by genomics, horizontal gene transfer, and cell size 220 5.10 Biogeography of microorganisms 224 6 Generating and Interpreting Information in Environmental Microbiology: Methods and Their Limitations 238 6.1 How do we know? 239 6.2 Perspectives from a century of scholars and enrichment-cultivation procedures 239 6.3 Constraints on knowledge imposed by ecosystem complexity 243 6.4 Environmental microbiology’s “Heisenberg uncertainty principle”: model systems and their risks 245 6.5 Fieldwork: being sure sampling procedures are compatible with analyses and goals 247 6.6 Blending and balancing disciplines from field geochemistry to pure cultures 253 6.7 Overview of methods for determining the position and composition of microbial communities 257 6.8 Methods for determining in situ biogeochemical activities and when they occur 276 6.9 Cloning-based Metagenomics and related methods: procedures and insights 280 6.10 cloning-free, next-generation sequencing and omics methods: procedures and insights 290 6.11 Discovering the organisms responsible for particular ecological processes: linking identity with activity 325 7 Microbial Biogeochemistry: A Grand Synthesis 356 7.1 Mineral connections: the roles of inorganic elements in life processes 357 7.2 Greenhouse gases and lessons from biogeochemical modeling 361 7.3 The “stuff of life”: identifying the pools of biosphere materials whose microbiological transformations drive the biogeochemical cycles 372 7.4 Elemental biogeochemical cycles: concepts and physiological processes 393 7.5 Cellular mechanisms of microbial biogeochemical pathways 409 7.6 Mass balance approaches to elemental cycles 418 8 Special and Applied Topics in Environmental Microbiology 432 8.1 Other organisms as microbial habitats: ecological relationships 432 8.2 Microbial residents of plants and humans 449 8.3 Biodegradation and bioremediation 461 8.4 Biofilms 489 8.5 Evolution of catabolic pathways for organic contaminants 493 8.6 Environmental biotechnology: overview and nine case studies 499 8.7 Antibiotic resistance 514 9 Future Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology 538 9.1 The influence of systems biology on environmental microbiology 538 9.2 Ecological niches and their genetic basis 546 9.3 Concepts help define future progress in environmental microbiology 551 Glossary 557 Index 564
£98.96
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Microbiology of Drinking Water
Book SynopsisMicrobiology of Drinking Water Production and Distribution addresses the public health aspects of drinking water treatment and distribution. It explains the different water treatment processes, such as pretreatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and their impacts on waterborne microbial pathogens and parasites. Drinking water quality may be degraded in water distribution systemsmicroorganisms form biofilms within distribution systems that allow them to flourish. Various methodologies have been proposed to assess the bacterial growth potential in water distribution systems. Microbiology of Drinking Water Production and Distribution also places drinking water quality and public health issues in context; it addresses the effect of bioterrorism on drinking water safety, particularly safeguards that are in place to protect consumers against the microbial agents involved. In addition, the text delves into researTable of ContentsPREFACE xi 1 MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Transmission Routes of Pathogens and Parasites 1 1.3 Major Pathogens and Parasites of Health Concern in Drinking Water 6 Web Resources 27 Further Reading 27 2 MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Worldwide Concern Over Drinking Water Safety 30 2.3 Microbiological Quality of Source Water 33 2.4 Overview of Processes Involved in Drinking Water Treatment Plants 35 2.5 Process Microbiology and Fate of Pathogens and Parasites in Water Treatment Plants 36 2.6 Waste Residuals from Water Treatment Plants 55 2.7 Drinking Water Quality at the Consumer’s Tap 55 Web Resources 62 Further Reading 63 3 DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Chlorine 66 3.3 Chlorine Dioxide 72 3.4 Ozone 74 3.5 Ultraviolet Light 76 3.6 Use of Photocatalists in Water Disinfection 85 3.7 Physical Removal/Inactivation of Microbial Pathogens 86 Web Resources 89 Further Reading 89 4 DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: BIOFILM MICROBIOLOGY 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Biofilm Development in WDSs 93 4.3 Growh of Pathogens and Other Microorganisms in WDSs 105 4.4 Some Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofilms in Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution 109 4.5 Biofilm Control and Prevention 112 Web Resources 114 Further Reading 115 5 ESTHETIC AND OTHER CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION 117 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Taste and Odor Problems in Drinking Water Treatment Plants 117 5.3 Algae and Cyanobacteria 121 5.4 Fungi 127 5.5 Actinomycetes 129 5.6 Protozoa 130 5.7 Invertebrates 132 5.8 Endotoxins 134 5.9 Iron, Manganese, and Sulfur Bacteria 134 5.10 Nitrifying Bacteria in Water Distribution Systems 135 Web Resources 137 Further Reading 138 6 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND BIOSTABILITY OF DRINKING WATER 141 6.1 Introduction 141 6.2 Biological Treatment of Drinking Water 141 6.3 Assessment of Biostability of Drinking Water 143 Web Resources 151 Further Reading 151 7 BIOTERRORISM AND DRINKING WATER SAFETY 153 7.1 Introduction 153 7.2 Early History of Biological Warfare 153 7.3 BW Microbial Agents and Biotoxins 154 7.4 Deliberate Contamination ofWater Supplies with BW Agents or Biotoxins 161 7.5 Early Warning Systems for Assessing the Contamination of Source Waters or Water Distribution Systems 165 7.6 Protection of Drinking Water Supplies 168 7.7 Disinfection of BW-Contaminated Drinking Water 169 Web Resources 170 Further Reading 171 8 WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 173 8.1 Introduction: Water for a Thirsty Planet 173 8.2 Some Statistics ofWaterborne Diseases in Developing Countries 174 8.3 Some HWT Methods or Technologies in Use in Developing Countries 175 8.4 Personal Portable Water Treatment Systems for Travelers and Hikers 189 Web Resources 193 Further Reading 194 9 BOTTLED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 195 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Sources and Categories of Bottled Water 197 9.3 Bottled Water Microorganisms 199 9.4 Regulations Concerning Bottled Water 203 Web Resources 204 Further Reading 205 10 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING WATER 207 10.1 Health-Based Targets for Drinking Water 207 10.2 Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) 208 10.3 Some Examples of Use of Risk Assessment to Assess the Risk of Infection or Disease From Exposure to Microbial Pathogens 212 Web Resources 216 Further Reading 216 REFERENCES 217 INDEX 289
£105.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advanced Materials for Agriculture Food and
Book Synopsis The book focuses on the role of advanced materials in the food, water and environmental applications. The monitoring of harmful organisms and toxicants in water, food and beverages is mainly discussed in the respective chapters. The senior contributors write on the following topics: Layered double hydroxides and environment Corrosion resistance of aluminium alloys of silanes New generation material for the removal of arsenic from water Prediction and optimization of heavy clay products quality Enhancement of physical and mechanical properties of fiber Environment friendly acrylates latices Nanoparticles for trace analysis of toxins Recent development on gold nanomaterial as catalyst Nanosized metal oxide based adsorbents for heavy metal removal Phytosynthesized transition metal nanoparticles- novel functional agents for textiles Kinetics and equilibrium modeling MagTable of ContentsPreface xv Part 1: Fundamental Methodologies 1 1 Layered Double Hydroxides and the Environment: An Overview 3 Amita Jaiswal, Ravindra Kumar Gautam and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides 4 1.3 Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides 6 1.4 Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides 7 1.5 Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxides 11 1.6 Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides 13 1.7 Conclusions 19 Acknowledgements 19 References 20 2 Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys Applying Different Types of Silanes 27 Anca-Iulia Stoica, Norica Carmen Godja, Andje Stankovic, Matthias Polzler, Erich Kny and Christoph Kleber 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Silanes for Surface Treatment 31 2.3 Materials, Methods and Experimentals 40 2.4 Surface Analytics 42 2.5 Results and Discussion 43 2.6 Conclusions 56 Acknowledgements 57 References 57 3 New Generation Material for the Removal of Arsenic from Water 61 Dinesh Kumar and Vaishali Tomar 3.1 Introduction 62 3.2 Arsenic Desorption/Sorbent Regeneration 76 3.3 Conclusions 78 Acknowledgement 79 References 79 4 Prediction and Optimization of Heavy Clay Products Quality 87 Milica Arsenovic, Lato Pezo, Lidija Mancic and Zagorka Radojevic 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Materials and Methods 89 4.3 Results and Discussions 94 4.4 Conclusions 117 Acknowledgement 118 References 118 5 Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber via Vacuum Resin Impregnation 121 M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, M.Z.A. Rahman and U.M.K. Anwar 5.1 Introduction 122 5.2 Experimental 123 5.3 Results and Discussion 125 5.4 Conclusions 138 Acknowledgments 139 References 139 6 Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices 145 Sweta Shukla and J.S.P. Rai 6.1 Introduction 146 6.2 Polymerization Techniques 154 References 170 Part 2: Inventive Nanotechnology 177 7 Nanoparticles for Trace Analysis of Toxins: Present and Future Scenario 179 Anupreet Kaur and Shivender Singh Saini 7.1 Introduction 179 7.2 Nanoremediation Using TiO2 Nanoparticles 180 7.3 Gold Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 183 7.4 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles 184 7.5 Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 187 7.6 Other Materials for Nanoremediation 190 7.7 Conclusion 193 References 193 8 Recent Developments in Gold Nanomaterial Catalysts for Oxidation Reaction through Green and Sustainable Routes 197 Biswajit Chowdhury, Chiranjit Santra, Sandip Mandal and Rawesh Kumar 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 Propylene Epoxidation Reaction 202 8.3 Reaction Mechanism 211 8.4 Glucose Oxidation 214 8.5 Alcohol Oxidation 225 8.6 Conclusion 234 References 234 9 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review 243 Deepak Pathania and Pardeep Singh 9.1 Introduction 244 9.2 Nanosized Metal Oxide 246 9.3 Hybrid Adsorbents 253 9.4 Conclusion 258 References 258 10 Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles 265 Shahid-ul-Islam, Mohammad Shahid and Faqeer Mohammad 10.1 Introduction 266 10.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticle Using Various Plant Parts 266 10.3 Proposed Mechanisms 279 10.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial Agents for Textile Modifications 282 10.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspects 284 References 285 11 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling 291 Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Amita Jaiswal and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya 11.1 Introduction 291 11.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment 292 11.3 Toxicity to Human Health and Ecosystems 299 11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 303 11.5 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 304 11.6 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment 310 11.7 Modeling of Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Models 316 11.8 Thermodynamic Analysis 322 11.9 Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles 323 11.10 Conclusions 324 Acknowledgements 325 References 325 12 Potential Application of Nanoparticles as Antipathogens 333 Pratima Chauhan, Mini Mishra and Deepika Gupta 12.1 Introduction 333 12.2 Applications of Nanoparticles 336 12.3 Nanoparticles in Biology 340 12.4 Uses and Advantages of Nanoparticles in Medicine 341 12.5 Antibacterial Properties of Nanomaterials 342 12.6 Antiviral properties of Nanoparticles 345 12.7 Antifungal Activity 348 12.8 Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticle inside the Body 349 12.9 Detecting the Antipathogenicity of Nanoparticles on Microorganisms in Vitro 350 12.10 Types of Nanoparticles 351 12.11 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Conventional Methods 351 12.12 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles 353 12.13 Characterizations of Nanoparticles 355 12.14 Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles 356 12.15 Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 356 12.16 Conclusion 359 References 360 13 Gas Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites: Application in Food Packaging 369 Sarat Kumar Swain 13.1 Introduction 370 13.2 Experimental 372 13.3 Objective 372 13.4 Background of Food Packaging 373 13.5 Conclusion 382 References 382 14 Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up 385 Ritu Singh and Virendra Misra 14.1 Introduction 386 14.2 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Clean Up 388 14.3 Reduction Mechanisms and Pathways 406 14.4 Pilot- and Field-Scale Studies 408 14.5 Transport of nFe0 in Environment 410 14.6 Integrated Approach 411 14.7 Challenges Ahead 412 14.8 Concluding Remarks 413 References 414 15 Typical Synthesis and Environmental Application of Novel TiO2 Nanoparticles 421 Tanmay Kumar Ghorai 15.1 Introduction 421 15.2 Use of Different Dyes 424 15.3 Synthetic Methods for Novel Titania Photocatalysts 427 15.4 Novel Chemical Synthesis Routes 438 References 445 16 Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity 453 Ajay Kushwaha and M. Aslam 16.1 Introduction 453 16.2 Solution Growth of ZnO Nanowire Films 456 16.3 Defects and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO 465 16.4 Role of Defect States in Electrical Conductivity of ZnO 469 16.5 Defects and Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanowire Films 471 16.6 ZnO Nanowires for Energy Conversion Devices 478 References 483 Index 493
£157.45
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Human Footprint
Book SynopsisThe Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History, Second Edition, presents a multidisciplinary global history of Earth from its origins to the present day. Provides a comprehensive, global, multidisciplinary history of the planet from its earliest origins to the present era Draws on the most recent research in geology, climatology, evolutionary biology, archaeology, anthropology, history, demography and the social and physical sciences Features the latest research findings on planetary history, human evolution, the green agricultural revolution, climate change, global warming and the nature of world/human history interdependencies Offers in-depth analyses of topics relating to human evolution, agriculture, population growth, urbanization, manufacturing, consumption, industrialization, and fossil fuel dependency. Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 The Nature of World History 1 The Nature of Big History 2 The Nature of World Environmental History 3 Earth's History and Human Origins 3 Mass Migrations and the Rise of Agriculture 4 Population Growth and the Rise of Cities 8 Cities and the Rise of Manufacturing and Industry 9 World Trade and New World Ecology 10 Fossil Fuels and Climate Change 11 Notes 12 1 An Evolving Earth 15 Introduction 15 The Origins of Earth and Its Unique Atmosphere: From Hot to Cold Planet 16 Icehouse Planet and Greenhouse Planet 18 Plate Tectonics, Super-continents, and Climate Change 20 The Warming 21 The Cooling 25 The Elevation of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Effect on the Global Climate 26 The Birth, Death, and Rebirth of the Mediterranean Sea and Its Hemispheric Environmental Effects 32 The Impact of the Isthmus of Panama on Global Climate Change 34 The Mid-Pliocene, Glacial and Interglacial Cycles, and "Modern" Times 35 Notes 38 2 Evolving Humanity 41 Introduction 41 Climatic Changes and Evolution 42 Another Effect of the Closing of the Mediterranean Sea 44 Human Ancestry 45 The Birth of Human Intelligence 46 Early Diets and Their Nutritional Value 51 Translating Human Intelligence into Action 54 Tectonic Upheavals, Landscape Changes, and Climate 55 Population Migration and Expansion 56 Homo Neanderthalensis vs. Homo Sapiens 58 The Broad Spectrum: An Economic Revolution 63 Notes 65 3 Foraging, Cultivating, and Food Production 69 Introduction 69 Early Farming and a Warming Climate 70 Settlement and Domestication 72 Early Agricultural Communities 74 Early Agriculture in China 77 Early Agriculture in Africa 79 Early Agriculture in Mesoamerica 80 Early Agriculture in Europe 81 World Agriculture during the Age of Manufacture and Industry 82 The First Green Revolution, 1840–1930 87 The Second Green Revolution, 1945– 88 Agro-business, Food Prices, and Climate Change 94 Notes 95 4 Populating the Earth: Diet, Domestication, and Disease 99 Introduction 99 A Modern Demographic Scenario 100 The Role of Disease in Calculating Population Size 102 The Impact of Migration and Settlement on Global Population Growth 106 The Role of Nutrition in Early Population Growth 107 The Role of Animal Domestication in the Spread of Infectious Disease 110 Nutrition, Climate Change, and Population 113 A Population Bomb or Not? 120 Notes 125 5 The Making of an Urban World 128 Introduction 128 What Does "Urban" Mean? 134 Early Urbanization and Its Environmental Effects 135 Ancient Urbanization 137 The Origin ofWriting 140 The Impact of Changing Rivers on Environmental Quality 143 Urbanization in the Indus Valley 145 China’s Early Cities 150 Ancient Mesoamerican Cities 152 Early European Cities 154 Notes 160 6 Mining, Making, and Manufacturing 163 Introduction 163 The Age of Copper and Bronze 166 The Effects of Ancient Mining on Human Health and the Environment 171 Mining in the Roman World 174 The Age of Iron 178 Iron-Making in China and India 180 Iron-Making in Premodern Europe 184 Manufacturing in West Africa, 1350–1800 CE 190 Manufacturing in Colonial America 192 Manufacturing in the Modern World 193 Notes 193 7 Industrial Work 196 Introduction 196 The Economies of China and India 196 European Hegemony and British Industrialization 198 Economic Developments in China, Japan, and India 199 Harnessing the Power of Water 203 Disease, Death, and a Public Health Response 205 The Power of Steam 208 The Role of Invention and Innovation 211 Comparing Industrialization in the United States and Britain 212 Coal, Iron, and Steel 222 Industrial Transformation and Global Auto Mobility 228 Notes 231 8 Trade and Consumption 235 Introduction 235 Global Trading Networks 236 Distancing Consumers from Producers 237 Material Goods 240 Luxury Foods Become Commodities 244 Tobacco 244 Sugar 249 Coffee and Tea 253 Environmental Effects of Increased Cultivation of Coffee 257 Conspicuous Consumption 258 Global Consumption 260 The Automobile and Electronics in Emerging Markets 263 The Great Recession, 2008–2013 264 Notes 265 9 Fossil Fuels and Wind, Water, Nuclear, and Solar Energy 269 Introduction 269 The Eotechnic World: Waterwheels and Windmills 270 The Paleotechnic World: Energy from Coal 280 The Neotechnic World: Energy from Oil 286 The Developing World's Demands for Energy 298 The Case for Natural Gas: A Neotechnic Energy Solution 299 Hydraulic Fracturing of Rock, or "Fracking," to Release Natural Gas Deposits 300 The Case for Nuclear Energy: Another Neotechnic Solution 302 The Case for Renewable Wind and Solar Power: A Return to the Eotechnic 303 Notes 309 10 A Warming Climate 312 Introduction 312 The Rise and Fall of the Mayan Civilization 315 The Medieval Warm Period (1000–1300 CE) and Little Ice Age (1300–1850 CE) 316 Current Global Climate Conditions 319 The Role of Solar Energy 322 The Role of the Atlantic Circulation Energy Exchange 323 The Role of Fossil Fuel Emissions 324 What Is to Be Done? 329 Notes 333 Epilogue 336 Notes 342 Index 343
£38.90
John Wiley & Sons Inc Sustainability Policy
Book SynopsisA complete guide to sustainability policy at the federal, state, and local levels Sustainability Policy: Hastening the Transition to a Cleaner Economy is a fundamental guide for public sector professionals new to sustainability policy development, implementation, strategy, and practice. Featuring detailed cases highlighting innovative sustainability initiatives, this book explores the elements that constitute effective policy, and the factors that can help or hinder implementation and adoption. Readers gain insight into policies in effect at the federal, state, and local levels, in the areas of water, energy, material use, and waste management, and the reasons why local policies are often the most innovative and successful. Discussion surrounding monitoring and measurement addresses the lack of standardization, as well as the government''s critical role in leading the field toward generally accepted sustainability metrics, while outlining the reasons why certain policTable of ContentsPreface: The Role of Government in the Transition to a Sustainable Economy vii Acknowledgments xv Chapter 1 What is Sustainability Management? 1 Chapter 2 Why We Need Sustainability Public Policy 21 Chapter 3 Policy Levers for Sustainability: The Federal Level 45 Chapter 4 Policy Levers for Sustainability: The State Level 83 Chapter 5 Policy Levers for Sustainability: The Local Level 123 Chapter 6 Sustainability Measurement and Metrics 161 Chapter 7 The Politics of Sustainability 187 Chapter 8 Conclusion 217 References 227 About the Authors 263 Index 267
£45.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Seismic Loads
Book SynopsisEarthquakes are a way of life on Earth, and, whether you live in an area that is often affected by earthquakes or not, every building, every road, every bridge, and, in fact, almost everything constructed by humans in which we walk, sleep, live, sit, or visit, has to be constructed to withstand an earthquake, by following local, regional, or national codes, laws, and regulations. Further to this, the science and engineering behind these constructions go further than what is mandated by government as a part of their practice. All construction, and, in general, all life on Earth, has some risk of seismic impacts. A comprehensive description of any seismic action may be given only on a probabilistic basis and, in general, is very bulky and quite uncertain. However, for a variety of structures or systems that meet fairly simple models of behavior during earthquakes, a general description of the seismic action is not required, for prediction of the status of such facilities or systems maTable of ContentsContents Preface vii 1 Statement of the Problem 1 1.1 General Scheme of Estimation of Seismic Stability 3 1.2 Seismic Hazard 11 1.3 Variation of Seismic Hazard 15 1.4 Seismic Loads 20 2 The Definition of Seismic Actions 29 2.1 The Probability of Loads During the Earthquake of a Given Intensity 32 2.2 Recognition of Earthquake Foci 53 2.3 The Calculation of Seism Caused by Movement in the Earthquake Focus 61 2.4 Physics of Focus and Control of Seismicity 82 2.5 Seismic Forces for a Fixed Position and Energy of the Earthquake Source 99 3 The Influence of Topography and Soil Conditions Secondary Processes 113 3.1 Influence of the Canyons 113 3.2 Dynamics of Water-Saturated Soil Equivalent Single-Phase Environment 117 3.3 Dynamics of Water-Saturated Soil as Multiphase Medium 121 3.4 The Real Estimates of the Property of Soils 145 3.4.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem 147 3.4.2 Examples of Calculations 152 3.5 Landslides and Mudflows 158 3.6 Waves on the Water 162 4 Example of Determination of Seismic Loads on the Object in an Area of High Seismicity 167 4.1 Assessment of Seismotectonics and Choice of Calculation of Seismicity 167 4.2 The Parameters of Impacts 171 4.3 Selection of Unique 179 4.4 Numerical Models of the Focus 183 4.5 The Influence of the Shape of the Canyon 189 5 Examples of Determination of Seismic Effects on Objects in Areas of Low Seismicity 195 5.1 Preliminary Analysis 195 5.2 Assessment of Seismic Risk on Seismological Data 201 5.3 Tectonic Structure of the Area 205 5.4 Recognition of Seismically Active Nodes’ Morphostructure 212 5.5 The Types of Computational Seismic Effects 225 5.6 Analog Modeling of Seismic Effects 233 5.7 Mathematical Modeling of Seismic Effects 237 6 Stability of Structures During Earthquakes 247 6.1 Stability of Concrete Dams 248 6.2 Vibration and Strength Reserves of the High Dams 278 6.2.1 Stability and Final Displacements of the Dam 282 6.2.2 Stress and Strain of the Dam 287 6.2.3 Character and Form of Dam Failure 292 6.3 The Reliability of Groundwater Dams 296 6.4 The Stability of Underground Structures 333 6.5 Seismic Effects Caused by Missing Floods Through the Waterworks 340 6.5.1 The Vibration of the Dam 345 6.5.2 Soil Vibration Outside of the Dam 352 6.5.3 Vibration Houses 356 6.5.4 Results and Recomendation 360 Conclusion 362 References 365 Index 375
£160.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecology of North America
Book SynopsisNorth America contains an incredibly diverse array of natural environments, each supporting unique systems of plant and animal life. These systems, the largest of which are biomes, form intricate webs of life that have taken millennia to evolve. This richly illustrated book introduces readers to this extraordinary array of natural communities and their subtle biological and geological interactions. Completely revised and updated throughout, the second edition of this successful text takes a qualitative, intuitive approach to the subject, beginning with an overview of essential ecological terms and concepts, such as competitive exclusion, taxa, niches, and succession. It then goes on to describe the major biomes and communities that characterize the rich biota of the continent, starting with the Tundra and continuing with Boreal Forest, Deciduous Forest, Grasslands, Deserts, Montane Forests, and Temperature Rain Forest, among others. Coastal environments, including the Laguna Trade Review"The disciplines of ecology and biogeography are so closely intertwined that many scholars of theserespective fields are, by necessity and shared interest, well versed in both (Jenkins and Ricklefs2011). This overlap is evident in the layout of Ecology of North America. With a scalable subject suchas ecosystems, the authors could have approached the discussion of their material from various angles. Their decision to employ a biomestructured theme to describe the assemblage of North American ecosystems is both logical and practical. This approach is certain to be appealing to biogeographers who use the textbook. In fact, this book could be used as a supplementary textbookin a biogeography class. Ecology of North America will serve as a good introductory text for students interested in the ecology of the continent. The book begins with an overview chapter of basic ecological principles and terms, including sound explanations of succession, biodiversity, and biogeography. Subsequent chapters are individually devoted to various North American ecosystems/biomes. These chapters define the unique attributes of each biome and fluidly address the important abiotic and biotic components of each, along with representative plant and animal assemblages, interactions, andadaptations, as well as characteristic biome-level disturbances and ecological challenges. Both authorsare wildlife ecology experts, yet their knowledge and understanding of plant ecology and their success in balancing the text between floral and faunal ecological discussions are both refreshing and impressive.....The inclusion of “infoboxes” is a meaningful addition; this type of aside succeeds in adding interest and depth to textbooks. Comprehensive bibliographies are included after each chapter,and the division of each one by chapter subheadings is helpful......The new edition of Ecology of NorthAmerica is a welcome addition to contemporary ecology textbook offerings. The authors have updateda good introductory text that is highly approachable and readable. It offers a worthy additionto textbook options in the discipline, and I recommend it as an essential resource for studentsand teachers of North American ecosystems" (Frontiers of Biogeography- December 2016)Table of ContentsForeword viii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 A brief overview of ecology 1 The ecosystem 2 Abiotic limits 3 Climate and topography 4 Soils and soil profiles 4 Biotic community 6 Community succession 6 Plant succession: from pioneer to climax 6 Primary and secondary succession 6 Succession and species abundance 7 The biome concept 7 Biodiversity 7 The “species richness gradient” 8 Biodiversity “hotspots” 8 Patterns of distribution 9 Continental patterns 9 Geographical and ecological distribution 10 Some ecological concepts 10 Niches 10 Ecological equivalents 12 Bergmann’s rule 12 Allen’s rule 13 Readings and references 14 2 Tundra 17 Climatic and glacial influences 17 Soils and geological influences 17 Permafrost 18 Patterned ground 18 Eskers and tundra wildlife 20 Glacial refugia 21 Features and adaptations 21 Plant adaptations to harsh conditions 21 Plant growth and reproduction 22 Decomposition and soil nutrients 23 Some animal adaptations 23 Major vegetative communities 24 Shrub tundra 25 Dwarf birch heath 25 Cottongrass heath 25 Fellfields 25 Invertebrates and tundra ecology 25 Selected tundra mammals 26 Lemmings 26 Arctic ground squirrels 27 Arctic foxes 28 Barren]ground caribou 28 Selected tundra birds 29 Gyrfalcons 29 Snowy owl 30 Ross goose 30 Highlights 31 Absentees: amphibians and reptiles 31 Lichens and “reindeer moss” 31 Snow goose “eat outs” 32 Alpine Tundra 33 Fragile Tundra 34 Impacts of human activity 34 Global warming 35 Readings and references 36 3 Boreal Forest 41 Climatic boundaries and soils 41 Features and adaptations 42 Plant adaptations 42 Animal adaptations 42 Frequent fires 42 Niches in the Boreal Forest 43 Selected biotic communities 44 Tree line and forest tundra 44 Muskeg 46 Coniferous swamps 46 Comparative ecology of lakes 46 Appalachian Extension 48 Mountain balds 48 Highlights 49 The 10]year cycle 49 Wolves and moose 50 A wealth of salamanders 52 Red squirrels 53 Ecological challenges 54 Acid rain 54 Spruce budworm and DDT 55 Balsam woolly adelgid 55 The Boreal Forest Agreement 56 Readings and references 57 4 Eastern Deciduous Forest 61 Climatic boundaries and soils 61 Features and adaptations 61 The forest primeval 63 The layered forest 63 Autumn leaves 64 Ground and leaf litter 64 Mast 65 Biotic associations 66 Northern hardwoods conifer forests 66 Beech–Maple–Basswood 67 Mesophytic forest 68 Oak–Hickory 69 Mississippi alluvial plain 70 Southern Mixed Forest 70 Some associated communities 71 Longleaf pine forests 71 New Jersey Pine Barrens 73 Carolina bays 74 Highlights 75 Acorns and blue jays 75 Deer yards 75 Kirtland’s warblers and fire 76 Franklin’s lost tree 77 Cicadas: buzz in the forest 77 Ecological challenges 78 Declines of neotropical migrants 78 Forest destruction by exotic organisms 80 Reintroduction of red wolves 81 Readings and references 82 5 Grasslands: Plains and Prairies 89 Major associations 89 Tallgrass prairie 89 Midgrass prairie 90 Shortgrass prairie 90 Transition zones 93 Aspen parklands 93 Cross Timbers 96 Western transition 96 Features and adaptations 97 Seasonal grasses 97 Soils 99 Role of fire 101 Prairie streams 101 Prairie wetlands and waterfowl 102 Pleistocene extinctions 103 Selected prairie mammals 104 Bison 104 Prairie dogs 104 Pronghorns 106 Selected prairie birds 106 Burrowing owls 106 Prairie chickens 107 Highlights 108 Riparian forests 108 The Platte River 108 Nebraska Sandhills 109 Ants 109 Isolation and contact on the plains 110 Grassland settlement 110 Prairie preservation 111 Readings and references 113 6 Regional Grasslands and Related Areas 120 Regional associations 120 Palouse prairie 120 California Annual Grasslands 122 Southwestern desert grasslands 124 Edwards Plateau 126 Tamaulipan Mezquital 127 Highlights 129 Rodents and vegetation 129 Channeled Scablands 130 Snake River Birds of Prey Conservation Area 130 Mima mounds 131 Desertification 132 Readings and references 132 7 Deserts 136 Physical geography 136 Why deserts are dry 136 Desert mountains and bajadas 138 Ancient lakes 138 Features and adaptations 139 Desert soils and surfaces 139 Plant adaptations 140 Animal adaptations 141 The major deserts 144 Chihuahuan Desert 144 Sonoran Desert 145 Mojave Desert 147 Great Basin Desert 149 Highlights 150 Nurse trees 150 “Trees” for desert woodpeckers 151 Boojums and elephants: unique trees 153 Yucca moths 154 Desert fishes 154 Realm of reptiles 155 Of soils and mice 156 Deserts and predators 157 Pygmies of the sagebrush steppe 158 Desert quail rainfall and vitamin A 159 Sailing stones 159 Wheeled threats to deserts 159 Readings and references 160 8 Chaparral and Pinyon]Juniper Woodlands 167 Features and adaptations of chaparral 168 Coastal (California) chaparral 171 Chamise chaparral 171 Manzanita chaparral 171 Ceanothus chaparral 171 Other chaparral communities 171 Interior (Arizona) chaparral 172 Pinyon]juniper woodlands 172 Distribution and ecology 172 Human uses 173 Chaparral and fire 173 Water]repellant soils 173 Post]fire vegetation 174 Wildlife and chaparral fires 174 Highlights 174 Allelopathy in chaparral 174 Animal associates in coastal chaparral 175 Lizards and burned chaparral 175 Pinyon jays 176 Human influences 176 Readings and references 176 9 Montane Forests 180 Features and adaptations 180 Montane Forest zones 181 Lower montane zone 181 Upper montane zone 181 Subalpine zone 182 Associated habitats 183 Mountain parks and meadows 183 Black Hills 185 Redwoods and sequoias 186 Bristlecone pine forest 188 Fire in montane forests 190 Highlights 192 Western chipmunks and competitive exclusion 192 Squirrels bears and pine cones 194 Sky islands in Arizona 195 Monarchs in winter 196 Bears and moths 196 Readings and references 198 10 Temperate Rain Forest 203 What is old]growth forest? 203 Features and adaptations 204 Valleys of rain forest 204 Epiphytes canopy roots and “scuzz” 206 More about logs 207 Succession on glacial till 208 Highlights 209 Bears salmon and forest enrichment 209 A seabird in the forest 212 Some small mammals and their ecology 213 Banana slugs 213 Pacific yew 214 Giant salamanders and other amphibians 214 Mount St Helens 215 Ecological controversy 217 Readings and references 218 11 Coastal Environments 223 Currents and climates 223 Features and adaptations 224 Rocky seashores and tidal pools 224 Sandy seashores 225 Chesapeake Bay 227 Mother Lagoon 228 Submergent communities 230 Seagrass meadows 230 Forests in the ocean 232 Oyster reefs 233 Emergent communities 235 Atlantic tidal marshes 235 Marshes of the Gulf Coast 236 Mangrove islands and thickets 238 Some associated communities 239 Barrier islands 239 Coral reefs 241 Maritime forests 243 Highlights 243 Synchrony at Delaware Bay 243 Waterbird colonies 245 A whale of a success 247 Ecological challenges 248 Natural disturbances 248 Sea]level rise 250 Readings and references 251 12 A Selection of Special Environments 259 The Grand Canyon 259 Caves 262 Arctic ice cap 265 Niagara Escarpment 267 The “Father of Waters” 268 The Everglades 271 Fossil Lagerstätten: Windows into North America’s ecological past 275 Burgess Shale 275 La Brea tar pits 277 The Florida Keys 278 The Great Lakes 280 Habitat highlights 282 Rivers of ice 282 Hot springs and geysers 283 Forest in the clouds 284 Granite outcrops and inselbergs 285 Palm forest 285 Mineral licks 286 Bogs and their carnivorous plants 287 Readings and references 288 Appendix 296 Glossary 309 Index 321
£61.70
John Wiley & Sons Inc Green Mobile Networks
Book SynopsisGreen communications is a very hot topic. As mobile networks evolve in terms of higher rates/throughput, a consequent impact on operating costs is due to (aggregate) network energy consumption. As such, design on 4G networks and beyond have increasingly started to focus on `energy efficiency' or so-called green' networks. Many techniques and solutions have been proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks, yet no book has provided an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption issues in mobile networks nor has detailed theories, tools and solutions for solving the energy efficiency problems. This book presents the techniques and solutions for enhancing energy efficiency of future mobile networks, and consists of three major parts. The first part presents a general description of mobile network evolution in terms of both capacity and energy efficiency. The second part discusses the advanced techniques to green mobile networks. The third part discusses the solutTable of ContentsPreface ix List of Abbreviations xi Part I Green Mobile Networking Technologies 1 1. Fundamental Green Networking Technologies 3 1.1 Energy Efficient Multi-cell Cooperation 3 1.2 Heterogeneous Networking 4 1.3 Mobile Traffic Offloading 6 1.3.1 Infrastructure Based Mobile Traffic Offloading 7 1.3.2 Ad-hoc Based Mobile Traffic Offloading 7 1.3.3 User–BS Associations in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks 7 1.4 Device-to-Device Communications and Proximity Services 8 1.5 Powering Mobile Networks With Renewable Energy 9 1.6 Green Communications via Cognitive Radio Communications 9 1.7 Green Communications via Optimizing Mobile Content Delivery 11 2. Multi-cell Cooperation Communications 15 2.1 Traffic Intensity Aware Multi-cell Cooperation 15 2.1.1 Cooperation to Estimate Traffic Demands 17 2.1.2 Cooperation to Optimize Switching Off Strategy 18 2.2 Energy Aware Multi-cell Cooperation 19 2.3 Energy Efficient CoMP Transmission 19 2.3.1 Increasing Energy Efficiency for Cell Edge Communications 19 2.3.2 Enabling More BSs Into Sleep Mode 22 2.4 Summary and Future Research 22 2.4.1 Coalition Formation 23 2.4.2 Green Energy Utilization 24 2.4.3 Incentive Mechanism 24 2.5 Questions 24 3. Powering Mobile Networks with Green Energy 25 3.1 Green Energy Models: Generation and Consumption 25 3.1.1 Green Power Generation 25 3.1.2 Mobile Network Energy Consumption 25 3.2 Green Energy Powered Mobile Base Stations 26 3.2.1 Green Energy Provisioning 26 3.2.2 Base Station Resource Management 27 3.3 Green Energy Powered Mobile Networks 28 3.3.1 Off-Grid Green Mobile Networks 29 3.3.2 On-Grid Green Mobile Networks 30 3.3.3 Mixture of Green Base Stations and Grid Powered Base Stations 31 3.4 Summary 32 3.5 Questions 32 4. Spectrum and Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks 33 4.1 Spectrum Harvesting Techniques 33 4.1.1 Energy Efficiency in Spectrum Harvesting Networks 34 4.1.2 Enhancing Energy Efficiency Through Spectrum Harvesting 39 4.2 Energy Harvesting Techniques 44 4.2.1 Green Energy Harvesting Models 44 4.2.2 Green Energy Utilization and Optimization 46 4.2.3 Cognitive Functionalities in Energy Harvesting 47 4.3 FreeNet: Spectrum and Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks 50 4.3.1 FreeNet Application Scenarios 51 4.3.2 Dynamic Network Architecture Optimization 53 4.3.3 Communication Protocol Suite Design 57 4.4 Summary 58 4.5 Questions 58 Part II Green Mobile Networking Solutions 59 5. Energy and Spectrum Efficient Mobile Traffic Offloading 61 5.1 Centralized Energy Spectrum Trading Algorithm 63 5.1.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 64 5.1.2 A Heuristic Power Consumption Minimization Algorithm 67 5.2 Auction-Based Decentralized Algorithm 70 5.2.1 An Auction-Based EST Scheme 72 5.3 Performance Evaluation 81 5.3.1 Centralized Energy Spectrum Trading Algorithm 81 5.3.2 Auction-Based Decentralized Algorithm 87 5.4 Summary 90 5.5 Questions 90 6. Optimizing Green Energy Utilization for Mobile Networks with Hybrid Energy Supplies 91 6.1 Green Energy Optimization Scheme for Mobile Networks With Hybrid Energy Supplies 91 6.1.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 93 6.1.2 Problem Formulation 95 6.1.3 The GEO Algorithm 99 6.1.4 Performance Evaluation 106 6.2 Optimal Renewable Energy Provisioning for BSs 110 6.2.1 Related Work on Provisioning the Green Power System 111 6.2.2 System Model and Problem Formulation 112 6.2.3 The Green Energy Provisioning Solution 116 6.2.4 Performance Evaluation 123 6.3 Summary 128 6.4 Questions 128 7. Energy Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Mobile Networks 129 7.1 Traffic Load Balancing in Mobile Networks 129 7.2 ICE: Intelligent Cell brEathing to Optimize the Utilization of Green Energy 131 7.2.1 Problem Formulation 132 7.2.2 The ICE Algorithm 133 7.2.3 ICE Algorithm Performance 135 7.3 Energy- and QoS-Aware Traffic Load Balancing 138 7.3.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 139 7.3.2 vGALA: A Green Energy and Latency Aware Load Balancing Scheme 144 7.3.3 Properties of vGALA 147 7.3.4 The Practicality of the vGALA Scheme 152 7.3.5 The Admission Control Mechanism 154 7.3.6 Performance Evaluation 155 7.4 Energy Efficient Traffic Load Balancing in Backhaul Constrained Small Cell Networks 165 7.4.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 166 7.4.2 Network Utility Aware Traffic Load Balancing 171 7.4.3 Performance Evaluation 176 7.5 Traffic Load Balancing in Smart Grid Enabled Mobile Networks 185 7.5.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 189 7.5.2 An Approximation Solution 191 7.5.3 Performance Evaluation 197 7.6 Summary 200 7.7 Questions 201 8. Enhancing Energy Efficiency via Device-to-Device Proximity Services 203 8.1 Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Multicasting 205 8.1.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 205 8.1.2 Gradient Guided Algorithm 206 8.1.3 Performance Evaluation 207 8.2 Green Relay Assisted D2D Communications 212 8.2.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 212 8.2.2 A Heuristic Green Relay Assignment Algorithm 214 8.3 Green Content Brokerage 221 8.3.1 Problem Formulation and Analysis 224 8.3.2 The Heuristic Traffic Offloading Algorithm 226 8.3.3 Performance Evaluation 232 8.4 Summary 236 8.5 Questions 237 9. Greening Mobile Networks via Optimizing the Efficiency of Content Delivery 239 9.1 Mobile Network Measurements 240 9.1.1 Packet Retransmission 240 9.1.2 Queuing in Mobile Core Networks 240 9.1.3 Network Asymmetry 241 9.1.4 Queue Management 241 9.1.5 First Packet Delay 242 9.1.6 TCP Flaws 242 9.1.7 Application Misbehavior 243 9.1.8 Mobile Devices 243 9.1.9 User Mobility 244 9.2 Mobile System Evolution 244 9.2.1 EUTRAN 245 9.2.2 Integrating Mobile Networks and CDN 247 9.3 Content and Network Optimization 247 9.3.1 Content Domain Techniques 247 9.3.2 Network Domain Techniques 249 9.3.3 Cross Domain Techniques 262 9.4 Mobile Data Offloading 264 9.4.1 Direct Data Offloading 264 9.4.2 Network Aggregation 265 9.5 Web Content Delivery Acceleration System 266 9.5.1 Web Acceleration System 267 9.6 Multimedia Content Delivery Acceleration 272 9.6.1 Adaptive Streaming 273 9.6.2 Other Methods 275 9.7 Summary 277 9.8 Questions 277 References 279 Index 299
£92.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture
Book SynopsisAddresses materials, technology, and products that could help solve the global environmental crisis once commercialized This multidisciplinary book encompasses state-of-the-art research on the topics of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and complements existing CCS technique publications with the newest research and reviews. It discusses key challenges involved in the CCS materials design, processing, and modeling and provides in-depth coverage of solvent-based carbon capture, sorbent-based carbon capture, membrane-based carbon capture, novel carbon capture methods, computational modeling, carbon capture materials including metal organic frameworks (MOF), electrochemical capture and conversion, membranes and solvents, and geological sequestration. Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration offers chapters on: Carbon Capture in Metal-Organic Frameworks; Metal Organic Frameworks Materials for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture; New Progress of Microporous Metal-OrgTable of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii 1 CARBON CAPTURE IN METAL–ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS 1Mehrdad Asgari and Wendy L. Queen 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 The Importance of Carbon Dioxide Capture 1 1.1.2 Conventional Industrial Process of Carbon Capture and Limitations: Liquid Amines 3 1.1.3 Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Synthesis 4 1.1.4 CCS Technologies and MOF Requirements 6 1.1.5 Molecule Specific 10 1.2 Understanding the Adsorption Properties of MOFs 11 1.2.1 Single-Component Isotherms 11 1.2.2 Multicomponent Adsorption 14 1.2.3 Experimental Breakthrough 15 1.2.4 In Situ Characterization 16 1.3 MOFs for Post-combustion Capture 30 1.3.1 Necessary Framework Properties for CO2 Capture 30 1.3.2 Assessing MOFs for CO2/N2 Separations 32 1.3.3 MOFs with Open Metal Coordination Sites (OMCs) 34 1.3.4 MOFs Containing Lewis Basic Sites 37 1.3.5 Stability and Competitive Binding in the Presence of H2O 45 1.4 MOFs for Pre-combustion Capture 48 1.4.1 Advantages of Pre-combustion Capture 48 1.4.2 Necessary Framework Properties for CO2 Capture 49 1.4.3 Potential MOF Candidates for CO2/H2 Separations 50 1.5 MOFs for Oxy-Fuel Combustion Capture 54 1.5.1 Necessary Framework Properties for O2/N2 Separations 54 1.5.2 Biological Inspiration for O2/N2 Separations in MOFs 55 1.5.3 Potential MOF Candidates for O2/N2 Separations 56 1.6 Future Perspectives and Outlook 61 Acknowledgments 63 References 63 2 METAL–ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS MATERIALS FOR POST-COMBUSTION CO2 CAPTURE 79Anne M. Marti 2.1 Introduction: The Importance of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies 79 2.1.1 Post-combustion CO2 Capture Technologies 80 2.1.2 Metal–Organic Frameworks: Potential for Post-combustion CCS 82 2.2 Metal–Organic Frameworks as Sorbents 84 2.2.1 Criteria for Choosing the Best CO2 Sorbent 84 2.2.2 Discussion of Defined Sorbent Criteria 87 2.3 Metal–Organic Framework Membranes for CCS 99 2.3.1 Membrane Performance Defined 99 2.3.2 MOF Membrane Fabrication 102 2.4 Summary 104 References 104 3 NEW PROGRESS OF MICROPOROUS METAL–ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN CO2 CAPTURE AND SEPARATION 112Zhangjing Zhang, Jin Tao, Shengchang Xiang, Banglin Chen, and Wei Zhou 3.1 Introduction 112 3.2 Survey of Typical MOF Adsorbents 116 3.2.1 CO2 Capture and Separation at Low Pressure 116 3.2.2 CO2 Capture and Separation at High Pressure 139 3.2.3 Capture CO2 Directly from Air 140 3.2.4 CO2/CH4 Separation 145 3.2.5 CO2/C2H2 Separation 148 3.2.6 Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 149 3.2.7 Humidity Effect 152 3.3 Zeolite Adsorbents in Comparison with MOFs 158 3.4 MOFs Membrane for CCS 163 3.5 Summary and Outlook 165 Acknowledgments 166 References 167 4 IN SITU DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF SELECTED METAL–ORGANIC FRAMEWORK MATERIALS FOR GUEST CAPTURE/EXCHANGE APPLICATIONS 180Winnie Wong-Ng 4.1 Introduction 180 4.1.1 Background 180 4.1.2 In Situ Diffraction Characterization 181 4.2 Apparatus for In Situ Diffraction Studies 182 4.2.1 Single-Crystal Diffraction Applications 182 4.2.2 Powder Diffraction Applications 185 4.3 In Situ Single-Crystal Diffraction Studies of MOFs 186 4.3.1 Thermally Induced Reversible Single Crystal-to-Single Crystal Transformation 187 4.3.2 Structure Transformation Induced by Presence of Guests 188 4.3.3 Dynamic CO2 Adsorption Behavior 190 4.3.4 Unstable Intermediate Stage During Guest Exchange 190 4.3.5 Mechanism of CO2 Adsorption 192 4.4 Powder Diffraction Studies of MOFs 193 4.4.1 Synchrotron/Neutron Diffraction Studies 193 4.4.2 Laboratory X-ray Diffraction Studies 204 4.5 Conclusion 207 References 207 5 ELECTROCHEMICAL CO2 CAPTURE AND CONVERSION 213Peng Zhang, Jingjing Tong, and Kevin Huang 5.1 Introduction 213 5.2 Current Electrochemical Methods for Carbon Capture and Conversion 214 5.2.1 Ambient-Temperature Approach 215 5.2.2 High-Temperature Approach 218 5.3 Development of High-Temperature Permeation Membranes for Electrochemical CO2 Capture and Conversion 224 5.3.1 Development of MECC Membranes 224 5.3.2 Development of MOCC Membranes 235 5.4 Summary and Outlook 255 Acknowledgments 258 References 258 6 ELECTROCHEMICAL VALORIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN MOLTEN SALTS 267Huayi Yin and Dihua Wang 6.1 Introduction 267 6.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Molten Salt Electrolytes 269 6.2.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of Alkali Metal Carbonates 269 6.2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Alkaline-Earth Metal Carbonates 275 6.2.3 Thermodynamic Viewpoint of Variables Affecting Electrolytic Products 277 6.2.4 Thermodynamic Analysis of Mixed Melts 278 6.3 Electrochemistry of Cathode and Anode 282 6.3.1 Electrochemical Reactions at the Cathode 282 6.3.2 Electrochemical Reaction Pathway of CO2 and CO3 (C or CO?) 285 6.3.3 Electrochemical Reaction at the Anode 287 6.4 Applications of Electrolytic Products 289 6.5 Conclusion and Prospects 289 Acknowledgments 292 References 292 7 MICROSTRUCTURAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CO2 STORAGE USING MULTI-SCALE X-RAY SCATTERING METHODS 296Greeshma Gadikota and Andrew Allen 7.1 Introduction 296 7.2 Experimental Investigations of Subsurface CO2 Trapping Mechanisms 298 7.3 Comparison of Material Measurements Techniques for Microstructure Characterization 300 7.4 Usaxs/Saxs Instrumentation 302 7.5 Analyses of Ultrasmall- and Small-Angle Scattering Data 304 7.5.1 Determination of the Volume Fractions, Mean Volumes, and Radius of Gyration Using Guinier Approximation and Scattering Invariant 304 7.5.2 Determination of the Surface Area from the Porod Scattering Regime 305 7.5.3 Shapes and Size Distributions 305 7.5.4 Fractal Morphologies 306 7.6 USAXS/SAXS/WAXS Characterization of CO2 Interactions with Na-Montmorillonite 307 7.6.1 Experimental Methods 307 7.6.2 Results and Discussion 310 7.7 Summary 312 Acknowledgments 313 References 313 8 CONTRIBUTION OF DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY TO MICROPOROUS MATERIALS FOR CARBON CAPTURE 319Eric Cockayne 8.1 Microporous Solids 320 8.2 Overview of DFT 323 8.2.1 Local Density Approximation 324 8.2.2 General Gradient Approximation 325 8.2.3 Meta-GGAs 325 8.2.4 Hybrid Methods 325 8.2.5 DFT+U 326 8.2.6 Van der Waals (Dispersion) Forces 327 8.2.7 Accuracy of DFT 327 8.3 DFT: Applications 328 8.3.1 CO2 Location and Binding Energetics 329 8.3.2 Bandgap 332 8.3.3 Elastic Properties 332 8.3.4 Phonons 333 8.3.5 Thermodynamics 335 8.3.6 NMR 336 8.3.7 Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics 336 8.3.8 CO2 Diffusion 337 8.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 337 References 338 9 COMPUTATIONAL MODELING STUDY OF MNO2 OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR SIEVES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE–CAPTURE APPLICATIONS 344I. Williamson, M. Lawson, E. B. Nelson, and L. Li 9.1 Introduction 344 9.2 Atomic Structure Versus Magnetic Ordering 345 9.3 Pore Size and Dimensionality 346 9.4 CO2 Sorption Behavior 347 9.4.1 Experimental Observations 347 9.4.2 DFT Studies 348 9.5 Comparison of Cation Dopant Types 348 9.5.1 Cation Effects on CO2 Sorption in OMS-2 349 9.6 OMS-5 351 9.7 Summary 353 References 354 Index 357
£108.30
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Urban Pollution
Book SynopsisMultidisciplinary treatment of the urgent issues surrounding urban pollution worldwide Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide. Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessTable of ContentsList of Contributors xvii 1 Insights and Issues into the Impacts of Urban Pollution 1Colin A. Booth and Susanne M. Charlesworth 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Examples of Urban Pollution 2 1.3 Structure of This Book 4 1.4 Conclusions 5 References 5 2 Historical Urban Pollution 7Ann Power and Annie Worsley 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Historical Pollution Monitoring using Environmental Archives 8 2.3 Ancient Air Pollution 8 2.4 Industrial Revolution 10 2.5 Twentieth‐Century Urban Pollution 13 2.6 Industrial Emissions 16 2.7 Transport 18 2.8 Conclusions 20 References 20 3 Evolution of Air Quality Policy and Management in Urban Areas 29Enda Hayes 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Sources of Urban Air Pollution 29 3.3 Health Implications of Urban Air Pollution 30 3.4 Historical Context of Air Quality Policy and Management 30 3.5 Future Urban Challenges 34 3.6 Conclusions 36 References 36 4 UK and EU Water Policy as an Instrument of Urban Pollution 39Anne‐Marie McLaughlin, Susanne M. Charlesworth, and Stephen J. Coupe Acronyms used in This Chapter 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 Determining Water Quality 40 4.3 UK Water Policy 41 4.4 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) 46 4.5 European Policy 49 4.6 The Future 51 4.7 Conclusions 53 References 54 5 Soil Quality and Policy 57J. Webb, Jose L. Rubio, and Michael A. Fullen 5.1 Introduction 57 5.2 Soil Pollutants and Their Sources 57 5.3 Consequences of Urban Soil Pollution 58 5.4 Soils Legislation 61 5.5 Conclusions 65 References 66 6 Ground Gases in Urban Environments – Sources and Solutions 69Andrew B. Shuttleworth 6.1 Introduction 69 6.2 The Biochemistry of Ground Gas Production 71 6.3 Ground Gas Monitoring and Risk Assessment 73 6.5 Other Approaches 76 6.6 Passive Barriers and Subfloor Ventilation 77 6.7 Practical Examples of Gas Protection Details 79 6.8 Pathway Interception Systems for Receptor Protection and Control of Historic Sources 82 6.9 Examples of Other Techniques and Solutions: Biodegradation of Gaseous Pollutants 86 6.10 Conclusion 87 References 87 7 Insights and Issues of Trace Elements Found in Street and Road Dusts 91Susanne M. Charlesworth, Eduardo De Miguel, Almudena Ordóñez, and Colin A. Booth 7.1 Introduction 91 7.2 Sources of Street and Road Dusts 92 7.3 House Dust 98 7.4 Urban Soil 99 7.5 Urban Geochemical Cycles 99 7.6 Conclusions 100 References 101 8 Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements in Urban Environments 107Eduardo De Miguel, Almudena Ordóñez, Fernando Barrio‐Parra, Miguel Izquierdo‐Díaz, Rodrigo Álvarez, Juan Mingot, and Susanne M. Charlesworth 8.1 Introduction 107 8.2 Analytical Protocols 108 8.3 Bioaccessibility and Urban Environments 109 8.4 Bioaccessibility and Human Health Risk Assessment 113 8.5 Conclusions 113 References 113 9 The Necessity for Urban Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal 119Colin A. Booth, David Oloke, Andrew Gooding, and Susanne M. Charlesworth 9.1 Introduction 119 9.2 Wastewater Collection in Developed Countries 120 9.3 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries 121 9.4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries 124 9.5 WASH in Developing Countries 125 9.6 Conclusions 127 References 127 10 Living Green Roofs 131Sara Wilkinson and Fraser Torpy 10.1 Introduction 131 10.2 Increasing Urbanisation: Urban Growth 131 10.3 Increasing Urbanisation: Soil, Water, and Air Pollution 132 10.4 Urban Heat Islands and Human Health 135 10.5 Green Roof Options 137 10.6 Case Study: University of Technology, Sydney, Food‐Producing Roof and Urban Pollution 139 10.7 Conclusions and Next Steps 140 References 141 11 Light Pollution 147Fabio Falchi 11.1 Introduction 147 11.2 Environmental and Health Effects of Light Pollution 149 11.3 How to Reduce Light Pollution 151 11.4. The example of the Italian Regional Laws 153 11.5 Conclusions 155 References 156 12 The Role of Forensic Science in the Investigation and Control of Urban Pollution 161Kenneth Pye 12.1 Introduction 161 12.2 Types of Urban Pollutants 161 12.3 Stages in the Forensic Investigation of Urban Pollution 165 12.4 Methods Used to Identify Sources of Pollutants 165 12.5 Conclusions 168 References 169 13 River Ecology and Urban Pollution 173Martin Fenn 13.1 Introduction 173 13.2 History of River Ecology Monitoring 174 13.3 Success Stories 184 13.4 Conclusions 185 References 185 14 Urban Meadows on Brownfield Land 187Lynn Besenyei 14.1 Introduction 187 14.2 Creating Flower‐Rich Meadows 189 14.3 Brownfield Soils for Meadow Creation 192 14.4 Management of Created Meadows 193 14.5 Opportunities for Urban Meadow Creation 195 14.6 Conclusions 196 References 196 15 Urban Pollution and Ecosystem Services 199Rebecca Wade 15.1 Introduction 199 15.2 Ecosystem Services (ES), the Ecosystem Approach, and Ecosystem Service Valuation 199 15.3 Urban Impacts on ES 201 15.4 ES and Urban Pollution in the UK Legislative Context 202 15.5 Enhancing Urban ES to Mitigate Urban Pollution 203 15.6 Conclusions 206 References 207 16 Greywater Recycling and Reuse 211Katherine Hyde and Matthew Smith 16.1 Introduction 211 16.2 The Ubiquitous Nature of Pollutants in Wastewater from Baths, Showers, and Handbasins 211 16.3 The Quality of Untreated Greywater and Its Water Resource Value 212 16.4 Greywater Terminologies Used in this Chapter 213 16.5 Pollutants in Untreated Greywater 213 16.6 Standardising Greywater Treatment Systems: Removing and Minimising Pollutant Concentrations 214 16.7 Managing the Environmental Characteristics, Applications, and Urban Uses of Treated Greywater 216 16.8 University of Reading’s 2016 Experimental Irrigation of Sedum using Treated Greywater 217 16.9 Soil Results Evaluated during Irrigation using Greywater Constituents 218 16.10 Applying the Principles of Controlled Waters to Greywater Discharges for Sustaining Green Infrastructure 218 16.11 Concluding Comments and Review 220 Acknowledgements 220 References 220 17 Containment of Pollution from Urban Waste Disposal Sites 223Isaac I. Akinwumi, Colin A. Booth, Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri, Adebanji S. Ogbiye, and Akinwale O. Coker 17.1 Introduction 223 17.2 Generation of Waste Worldwide 224 17.3 Waste Management Issues 224 17.4 Landfill Liners 229 17.5 Conclusions 231 References 231 18 Mitigating Urban Pollution through Innovative Use of Construction Materials 235Jamal M. Khatib, A. A. Elkordy, and Z. Abou Saleh 18.1 Introduction 235 18.2 Recycled Materials 235 18.3 Cement Replacement and Geopolymer‐Based Materials 237 18.4 Innovative Ways of Using Waste Clay 238 18.5 Treatment and Stabilisation of Contaminated Sites 239 18.6 Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste 239 18.7 Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) Wastes 240 18.8 Paper Industry Waste 240 18.9 Shelled Compressed Earth 241 18.10 Innovative Green Construction Materials 241 18.11 Innovative Chemical Admixtures for Construction Materials 242 18.12 Conclusions 242 References 243 19 Application of Zeolites to Environmental Remediation 249Craig D. Williams 19.1 Introduction 249 19.2 Heavy Metal Removal 249 19.3 Pesticide Removal 250 19.4 Zeolites Used in Transport 250 19.5 Zeolites Used in Wastewater Treatment 251 19.6 Zeolites Used in Nuclear Clean‐Up 251 19.7 Zeolites in Organic Clean‐Up 252 19.8 Zeolites used in Agriculture 252 19.9 Zeolites as Slow Release Agents 254 19.10 Zeolite Safety 254 19.11 Conclusions 255 References 255 20 Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Theoretical Background and Applications to Groundwaters 259Alan P. Newman, Andrew B. Shuttleworth, and Ernest O. Nnadi 20.1 Introduction 259 20.2 Essentials for Bioremediation 259 20.3 Bioremediation of Groundwater 262 20.4 In Situ Plume Treatment 262 20.5 Electron Acceptor Management in Groundwater Bioremediation 264 20.6 Oxygen Releasing Compounds 265 20.7 Anaerobic Bioremediation of Groundwater 266 20.8 Reductive Anaerobic Degradation 267 20.9 PRBs and Bioremediation 268 20.10 Reductive Biodegradation in Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) 270 20.11 Conclusion 270 References 270 21 Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Applications to Solid Media 277Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Alan P. Newman, and Ernest O. Nnadi 21.1 Introduction 277 21.2 In Situ Treatment above the Water Table 278 21.3 Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation 280 21.4 Ex Situ Bioremediation in Unsaturated Strata 282 21.5 Conclusion 288 References 289 22 Use of Environmental Management Systems to Mitigate Urban Pollution 293Rosemary Horry and Colin A. Booth 22.1 Introduction 293 22.2 Why Is Environmental Management Important? 293 22.3 Organisational Benefits and Barriers of Implementing an Environmental Management System (EMS) 294 22.4 What can Companies do in Relation to their Environmental Impacts? 294 22.5 What Happens when Things Go Wrong? 297 22.6 Conclusions 301 References 301 23 Role of Citizen Science in Air Quality Monitoring 303Natasha Constant 23.1 Introduction 303 23.2 Air Pollution in Urban Environments 304 23.3 Citizen Science and New Advances in Air Quality Monitoring 304 23.4 Citizen Science, Biomonitoring, and Plants 306 23.5 Social Dimensions of Citizen Science Air Quality Monitoring 307 23.6 Conclusions 308 References 309 24 Unique Environmental Regulatory Framework Streamlines Clean‐Up and Encourages Urban Redevelopment in Massachusetts, United States 313Catherine M. Malagrida, Ileen Gladstone, and Ryan S. Hoffman 24.1 Introduction 313 24.2 LSPs and the Privatised System 314 24.3 The Risk‐Based Clean‐Up Programme 314 24.4 Brownfield Redevelopment Incentives 315 24.5 Case Studies 315 24.6 Conclusions 324 References 325 25 Urban Pollution in China 327Jianmin Ma and Jianzhong Xu 25.1 Introduction 327 25.2 Urban Air Pollution in China 327 25.3 Urban Land/Soil Pollution 332 25.4 Municipal Waste Contamination in Urban China 332 25.5 A Case Study of Urban Pollution in Beijing 333 25.6 Conclusions 337 References 337 26 Urban Pollution in India 341Manoj Shrivastava, Avijit Ghosh, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, and S.D. Singh 26.1 Introduction 341 26.2 Issues Related to Urban Pollution in India 341 26.3 Pollution from Solid Waste and Wastewater in Indian Urban Areas 345 26.4 Air Pollution in Urban Areas of India 346 26.5 Water Pollution in Urban Areas of India 348 26.6 Soil Contamination in Urban Areas of India 350 26.7 Noise Pollution in Urban Areas of India 350 26.8 Ways to Reduce Urban Pollution in India 351 26.9 Conclusions 352 References 352 27 Urban Aquatic Pollution in Brazil 357Felippe Fernandes, Paulo Roberto Bairros Da Silva, Cristiano Poleto, and Susanne M. Charlesworth 27.1 Introduction 357 27.2 Current Brazilian Environmental Regulations 358 27.3 Ecological Risk Assessment Approaches in Brazil 360 27.4 Environmental Studies in Brazil 361 27.5 A Case Study of Curitiba, Paraná 365 27.6 Conclusions 366 References 367 28 Potentially Toxic Metal‐Bearing Phases in Urban Dust and Suspended Particulate Matter: The Case of Budapest, Hungary 371Péter Sipos, Tibor Németh, Viktória Kovács Kis, Norbert Zajzon, Chung Choi, and Zoltán May 28.1 Introduction 371 28.2 Materials and Methods 372 28.3 Results and Discussion 373 28.4 Conclusions 379 References 380 29 The Role of Urban Planning in Sub‐Saharan Africa Urban Pollution Management 385Kwasi Gyau Baffour Awuah 29.1 Introduction 385 29.2 Overview of Urban Pollution in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) 386 29.3 Urban Planning as a Panacea 389 29.4 Lessons for SSA Urban Planning 392 References 393 30 Water Pollution and Urbanisation Trends in Lebanon: Litani River Basin Case Study 397Jamal M. Khatib, Safaa Baydoun, and A. A. ElKordi 30.1 Introduction 397 30.2 Water Resources in Lebanon 399 30.3 Urbanisation Trends 400 30.4 Wastewater Management 401 30.5 Water Quality 402 30.6 The Case of the Litani River Basin 403 30.7 Urbanisation and Water Pollution Trends 404 30.8 Pollution Impact 408 30.9 Current Management Efforts and Strategies 409 30.10 Conclusions and Recommendations 409 References 410 31 Closing Comments on Urban Pollution 417Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth 31.1 Introduction 417 31.2 The Future for Towns and Cities 421 Reference 421 Index 423
£94.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater
Book SynopsisA groundbreaking book on the application of the economic and environmentally effective treatment of industrial wastewater Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment contains a review of the state-of-the-art applications of constructed wetland technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This green technology offers many economic, environmental, and societal advantages. The text examines the many unique uses and the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from various industrial sources. The editor a noted expert in the field and the international author team (93 authors from 22 countries) present vivid examples of the current state of constructed wetlands in the industrial sector. The text is filled with international case studies and research outcomes and covers a wide range of applications of these sustainable systems including facilities such as the oil and gas industry, agro-industries, paper mills, phTable of ContentsSeries Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xvii List of Contributors xix Preface xxvii Acknowledgements xxix Introduction to Constructed Wetland Technology 1 Alexandros I. Stefanakis 1 From Natural to Constructed Wetlands 1 2 The Need for Sustainable Solutions 3 3 Constructed Wetlands or Conventional Systems – Pros and Cons 3 4 Classification of Constructed Wetlands 6 4.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands (FWS CWs) 7 4.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (HSF CWs) 7 4.3 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs) 8 4.4 Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) 9 4.5 Sludge Treatment Wetlands (STWs) 10 4.6 Aerated Constructed Wetlands 11 5 Design Considerations of Constructed Wetlands 11 6 Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Solution for the Industrial Sector 14 7 Scope of this Book 16 References 17 Part I Petrochemical and Chemical Industry 23 1 Integrated Produced Water Management in a Desert Oilfield Using Wetland Technology and Innovative Reuse Practices 25 Alexandros I. Stefanakis, Stephane Prigent and Roman Breuer 1.1 Introduction 25 1.2 Constructed Wetland for Produced Water Treatment 27 1.2.1 Location and Description 27 1.2.2 Weather Station 28 1.2.3 Chemical Analyses 30 1.3 Results and Discussion 32 1.3.1 Weather Data 32 1.3.2 Water Quality 32 1.3.3 Environmental Performance 35 1.4 Treated Effluent Reuse for Saline Irrigation 36 1.5 Conclusions 39 References 39 2 Constructed Wetlands Treating Water Contaminated with Organic Hydrocarbons 43 Martin Thullner, Alexandros I. Stefanakis and Saeed Dehestani 2.1 Introduction 43 2.1.1 Benzene Removal in Constructed Wetlands 44 2.2 MTBE Removal in Constructed Wetlands 48 2.3 Phenol Removal in Constructed Wetlands 51 2.4 Combined Treatment of Different Compounds 54 References 56 Part II Food and Beverage Industry 65 3 Aerated Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Municipal and Food Industry Wastewater 67 A. Pascual, D. De la Varga, M. Soto, D. Van Oirschot, R.M. Kilian, J.A. Álvarez, P. Carvalho, H. Brix and C.A. Arias 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Aerated Constructed Wetlands 68 3.2.1 Oxygen Transfer at the Water–Biofilm Interface 69 3.2.2 Benefits of Artificial Aeration in Constructed Wetlands 70 3.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Profile along CWs 71 3.2.4 TSS Removal 71 3.2.5 COD Removal 71 3.2.6 Nitrogen Removal 72 3.3 HIGHWET Project 72 3.3.1 KT Food Pilot Plant 73 3.3.2 Research Operational Plan of KT Food Treatment Plant 73 3.3.2.1 Campaign 1 77 3.3.2.2 Campaign 2 78 3.3.2.3 Campaign 3 80 3.3.2.4 Campaign 4 82 3.3.2.5 Campaign 5 84 3.3.3 Comparison of Results 85 3.4 Conclusions 87 Acknowledgements 88 References 88 4 Treatment of Wineries and Breweries Effluents using Constructed Wetlands 95 F. Masi, A. Rizzo, and R. Bresciani 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 Wastewater Production and Characterization 96 4.2.1 Wineries 96 4.2.2 Breweries 96 4.3 Applications and Configurations 97 4.3.1 Wineries 97 4.3.1.1 Multistage CW with Nature-Based Composting as Pretreatment for Wastewater: An Italian Case Study 98 4.3.1.2 Multistage CW with Technological Composting as Pretreatment for Wastewater: A Spanish Case Study 99 4.3.1.3 Multistage CW with Technological Aerobic Reactor and Subsequent Composting on CW: A French Case Study 100 4.3.2 Breweries 101 4.4 Discussion and Conclusions 101 4.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Multistage CW Treatment Plants 101 4.4.2 Future Perspectives of CW for Brewery Wastewater Treatment 103 References 103 5 Treatment of Effluents from Fish and Shrimp Aquaculture in Constructed Wetlands 105 YalçınTepeandFulyaAydın Temel 5.1 Introduction 105 5.1.1 Concerns in Aquaculture 105 5.2 Overview of Aquaculture and Effluent Treatment 107 5.2.1 Effluent Water Quality Considerations 108 5.3 Use of Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Fish and Shrimp Aquaculture Effluents 112 5.3.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands (FWS CWs) 113 5.3.2 Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (SFCWs) 114 5.3.3 Hybrid Systems (HS) 115 5.4 Conclusions 119 References 120 6 Evaluation of Treatment Wetlands of Different Configuration for the Sugarcane-Mill Effluent under Tropical Conditions 127 E. Navarro, R. Pastor, V. Matamoros and J.M. Bayona 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 Modeling Water Consumption Minimization 130 6.2.1 First Approach to Linearity 131 6.2.2 A MILP Approach to the Problem 131 6.3 Type of Effluent and Pretreatment 133 6.3.1 Physical–Chemical Methods 133 6.3.2 Intensive Biological Processes 133 6.3.2.1 Suspended Bed Reactor 133 6.3.2.2 Fixed Bed Reactor 133 6.3.2.3 Fluidized Bed Reactor 134 6.3.3 Extensive Biological Processes 134 6.4 Constructed Wetlands (CWs) 135 6.4.1 Case Studies 135 6.4.1.1 India 135 6.4.1.2 Kenya 137 6.4.1.3 Mexico 137 6.4.1.4 South Africa 138 6.4.1.5 Thailand 138 6.4.2 Effects of Design and Operation on the COD, BOD and Nutrient Removal 139 6.4.3 Other Water Quality Parameters 140 6.4.3.1 Turbidity 140 6.4.3.2 Pigments 140 6.4.3.3 Sulfate 140 6.4.3.4 Nitrogen Removal 141 6.4.3.5 Phosphorus 141 6.5 Research Needs 141 Acknowledgements 141 References 142 7 Treatment of Effluents from Meat, Vegetable and Soft Drinks Processing using Constructed Wetlands 145 Marco Hartl, Joseph Hogan and Vasiliki Ioannidou 7.1 Treatment of Slaughterhouse and Meat Processing Wastewater 145 7.2 Treatment of Potato Washing Wastewater 150 7.3 Treatment of Molasses Wastewater 153 7.4 Treatment of Effluents from Coffee Processing 157 References 160 Part III Agro-Industrial Wastewater 163 8 Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands 165 F. Masi, A. Rizzo, R. Bresciani, Dimitrios V. Vayenas, C.S. Akratos, A.G. Tekerlekopoulou and Alexandros I. Stefanakis 8.1 Introduction 165 8.2 Wastewater Production and Characterization 166 8.3 Applications and Configurations 166 8.3.1 The Greek Experiences 168 8.3.1.1 Free Water Surface CWs 168 8.3.1.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow CWs 170 8.3.1.3 Vertical Flow CWs 170 8.3.1.4 Hybrid Wetland Systems 171 8.4 Evaporation Plus Constructed Wetlands: An Italian Innovative Approach 172 8.5 Discussion and Conclusions 172 References 173 9 Dairy Wastewater Treatment with Constructed Wetlands: Experiences from Belgium, the Netherlands and Greece 175 C.S. Akratos, D. Van Oirschot, A.G. Tekerlekopoulou, Dimitrios V. Vayenas and Alexandros I. Stefanakis 9.1 Introduction 175 9.2 Brief Literature Review on Wetland Systems for Dairy Wastewater Treatment 176 9.3 Experiences from the Netherlands and Belgium 181 9.3.1 Wetland System Description 182 9.3.2 Operation 183 9.3.3 Results from the Netherlands 184 9.3.3.1 Experimental Projects 184 9.3.3.2 Stimulation of Denitrification through Recirculation of Effluent 185 9.3.3.3 Phosphorus Removal 185 9.3.4 Results from Belgium 187 9.3.4.1 System at Poppe, Eeklo 187 9.3.4.2 System at De Paep, Sint-Gillis Waas in Belgium 188 9.3.4.3 System at PDLT, Geel in Belgium 189 9.3.4.4 Aerated Wetland (FBA) at PDLT, Geel in Belgium 190 9.4 Experiences from Greece 192 9.4.1 First Experimental Project 192 9.4.2 Second Experimental Project 196 9.5 Conclusions 197 References 198 10 The Performance of Constructed Wetlands for Treating Swine Wastewater under Different Operating Conditions 203 Gladys Vidal, Catalina Plaza de Los Reyes and Oliver Sáez 10.1 Introduction 203 10.1.1 The Swine Sector and the Generation of Slurries 203 10.1.2 Characterization of Slurries 203 10.1.3 Environmental Effects of the Application of Slurry in Soils 205 10.1.4 Integrated Management for Treating Swine Slurry 205 10.1.5 Primary Treatment (Solids Removal) 207 10.1.6 Secondary Treatment (Organic Matter Removal) 207 10.1.6.1 Anaerobic Treatment Systems 207 10.2 Removal of Nutrients by Constructed Wetlands 207 10.2.1 Constructed Wetland (CW) 208 10.2.1.1 Macrophyte Species Used in Constructed Wetlands 209 10.2.1.2 Nitrogen Elimination Mechanisms in Constructed Wetlands 209 10.2.1.3 Incorporation into Plant Tissue (Assimilation) 212 10.2.1.4 Ammonium Sedimentation/Adsorption 212 10.2.1.5 Anammox (or Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation) 213 10.3 Removal of Nutrients by Constructed Wetlands using Biological Pretreatments 213 Acknowledgements 216 References 216 Part IV Mine Drainage and Leachate Treatment 223 11 Constructed Wetlands for Metals: Removal Mechanism and Analytical Challenges 225 Adam Sochacki, Asheesh K. Yadav, Pratiksha Srivastava, Naresh Kumar, Mark Wellington Fitch and Ashirbad Mohanty 11.1 Sources of Metal Pollution and Rationale for Using Constructed Wetlands to Treat Metal-Laden Wastewater 225 11.2 Removal Mechanisms 226 11.2.1 Adsorption 226 11.2.2 Filtration and Sedimentation 226 11.2.3 Association with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides 227 11.2.4 Precipitation as Sulfides 227 11.2.4.1 Mechanism of the Process 228 11.2.4.2 Bacterial Sulfate Reduction in Constructed Wetlands 230 11.2.4.3 Carbon Source for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria 231 11.2.5 Microbial Removal Processes 232 11.2.6 Plant Uptake of Metals in Constructed Wetlands 232 11.2.6.1 Metal Uptake by Aquatic Macrophytes 232 11.2.6.2 Metal Uptake by the Roots 233 11.2.6.3 Metal Uptake by the Shoots 233 11.2.6.4 Indirect Assistance in Metal Removal by Plants 233 11.2.6.5 Role of Plants in Removing Metals from Industrial Wastewater 234 11.2.7 Other Processes 235 11.3 Analytical Challenges 235 11.3.1 Background and Overview of Methods 235 11.3.2 Sequential Extraction Procedures and their Applicability to Wetland Substrates 237 11.3.3 State-of-the-Art Instrumental Methods 238 11.3.4 Advanced Analytical Techniques 239 References 241 12 A Review on the Use of Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage 249 C. Sheridan, A. Akcil, U. Kappelmeyer and I. Moodley 12.1 What is Acid Mine Drainage? 249 12.2 Sources of AMD 250 12.3 Environmental and Social Impacts of AMD 251 12.3.1 Environmental Impacts 251 12.3.2 Social Impacts of AMD 253 12.4 Remediation of AMD 253 12.4.1 Constructed Wetlands 254 12.4.1.1 Constructed Wetland Configuration Types 254 12.4.1.2 Mechanism by which CWs Remediate Most AMD/ARD 254 12.4.1.3 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD Prior to 2000 255 12.4.1.4 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD Between 2001 and 2010 256 12.4.1.5 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD from 2010 to the Present 258 12.5 Summary 259 References 259 13 Solid Waste (SW) Leachate Treatment using Constructed Wetland Systems 263 K.B.S.N. Jinadasa, T.A.O.K. Meetiyagoda and Wun Jern Ng 13.1 The Nature of Solid Waste (SW) and SW Leachate 263 13.2 Characteristics of SW Leachate in Tropical Developing Countries 265 13.3 Treatment Methods for SW Leachate 267 13.3.1 Advantages of Constructed Wetlands for Leachate Treatment Under Tropical Climate 269 13.4 Experimental Methodology for Plant Species and CW Performance Evaluation 270 13.5 Effect of Plant Species on Leachate Components 273 13.5.1 Effect on Organic Compounds 273 13.5.2 Effect on Removal and Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds 276 13.6 Summary 279 References 279 Part V Wood and Leather Processing Industry 283 14 Cork Boiling Wastewater Treatment in Pilot Constructed Wetlands 285 Arlindo C. Gomes, Alexandros I. Stefanakis, António Albuquerque and Rogério Simões 14.1 Introduction 285 14.1.1 Cork Production and Manufacture 285 14.1.2 Cork Boiling Wastewater Characteristics 286 14.2 Cork Boiling Wastewater Treatment 289 14.2.1 Physico-Chemical Treatment 289 14.2.2 Biological Treatment 298 14.2.3 Sequential Treatment 299 14.3 Constructed Wetland Technology 300 14.3.1 Experimental Setup of Microcosm-Scale Constructed Wetlands 301 14.3.2 Experimental Results 302 14.4 Conclusions 304 Acknowledgements 305 References 305 15 Constructed Wetland Technology for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment 309 Satish Kumar and Ashutosh Kumar Choudhary 15.1 Introduction 309 15.2 Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Characteristics 310 15.3 Remediation of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Pollution 311 15.4 Constructed Wetlands 312 15.4.1 Performance of CWs for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment 312 15.5 Conclusions 322 References 322 16 Treatment of Wastewater from Tanneries and the Textile Industry using Constructed Wetland Systems 327 Christos S. Akratos, A.G. Tekerlekopoulou and Dimitrios V. Vayenas 16.1 Introduction 327 16.1.1 Tannery Wastewaters 327 16.1.2 Azo Dye and Textile Industries 330 16.2 Discussion 332 16.3 Constructed Wetlands for Cr(VI) Removal: A Case Study 332 16.4 Conclusions 337 References 338 Part VI Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Industry 343 17 Removal Processes of Pharmaceuticals in Constructed Wetlands 345 A. Dordio and A.J.P. Carvalho 17.1 Introduction 345 17.2 Pharmaceutical Compounds in the Environment: Sources, Fate and Environmental Effects 348 17.3 Pharmaceuticals Removal in Constructed Wetlands 352 17.3.1 Removal Efficiency of Pharmaceuticals in CWS 352 17.3.2 Main Removal Processes for Pharmaceuticals in SSF-CWS 365 17.3.2.1 Abiotic Processes 365 17.3.2.2 Biotic Processes 367 17.3.3 The Role of SSF-CWS Components in Pharmaceuticals Removal 370 17.3.3.1 The Role of Biotic Components (Plants and Microorganisms) in Pharmaceuticals Removal 370 17.3.3.2 The Role of the Support Matrix in Pharmaceuticals Removal 381 17.4 Final Remarks 385 References 386 18 Role of Bacterial Diversity on PPCPs Removal in Constructed Wetlands 405 María Hijosa-Valsero, Ricardo Sidrach-Cardona, Anna Pedescoll, Olga Sánchez and Eloy Bécares 18.1 Introduction 405 18.2 Mesocosm-Scale Experiences 406 18.2.1 Description of the Systems 406 18.2.2 Sampling Strategy 406 18.2.3 Analytical Methodology 408 18.3 Pollutant Concentrations and Removal Efficiencies in Mesocosms CWs 409 18.4 Microbiological Characterization 409 18.5 Link between Microbiological Richness and Pollutant Removal in CWs 413 18.5.1 Microbial Richness and Conventional Pollutant Removal 413 18.5.1.1 Roots 413 18.5.2 Microbial Richness and PPCP Removal 414 18.5.2.1 Gravel 414 18.5.2.2 Interstitial Liquid 414 18.5.2.3 Roots 414 18.5.3 Effect of Physico-Chemical Parameters on Microbial Richness 416 18.5.3.1 Gravel 416 18.5.3.2 Interstitial Liquid 416 18.5.3.3 Roots 416 18.6 Mechanisms and Design Parameters Involved in PPCPs Removal 418 18.7 Conclusions 420 Acknowledgements 421 References 421 Part VII Novel Industrial Applications 427 19 Dewatering of Industrial Sludge in Sludge Treatment Reed Bed Systems 429 S. Nielsen and E. Bruun 19.1 Introduction 429 19.2 Methodology 431 19.2.1 Description of an STRB 431 19.2.2 Description of STRB Test-System 432 19.3 Treatment of Industrial Sludge in STRB Systems 434 19.3.1 Organic Material in Sludge 434 19.3.2 Fats and Oil in Sludge 434 19.3.3 Heavy Metals in Sludge 435 19.3.4 Nutrients in Sludge 436 19.3.5 Hazardous Organic Compounds in Sludge 436 19.4 Case Studies – Treatment of Industrial Sludge in Full-Scale and Test STRB Systems 437 19.4.1 Case 1: Treatment of Industrial Sewage Sludge with High Contents of Fat 437 19.4.2 Case 2: Treatment of Industrial Sewage Sludge with High Contents of Heavy Metal (Nickel) 438 19.4.3 Case 3: Treatment of Water Works Sludge 440 19.4.3.1 Feed Sludge and Resulting Filtrate Quality 442 19.4.3.2 Sedimentation and Capillary Suction Time 443 19.4.3.3 Sludge Volume Reduction and Sludge Residue Development 446 19.4.3.4 Filtrate Water Flow 447 19.5 Discussion and Conclusions 448 19.5.1 Industrial Sludge 448 19.5.2 Water Works Sludge 449 Acknowledgements 450 References 450 20 Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement and Temperature Reduction at a Power-Generating Facility 453 Christopher H. Keller, Susan Flash and John Hanlon 20.1 Introduction 453 20.2 Basis of Design 453 20.2.1 Design for Ammonia and Copper Reduction 454 20.2.2 Design for pH, Toxicity, and Specific Conductance 456 20.2.3 Design for Temperature Reduction 456 20.2.4 Process Flow and Final Design Criteria 458 20.3 Construction 458 20.4 Operational Performance Summary 459 20.4.1 Inflow and Outflow Rates and Wetland Water Depths 459 20.4.2 Ammonia 463 20.4.3 Copper 463 20.4.4 pH 463 20.4.5 Temperature 464 20.4.6 Whole Effluent Toxicity 466 20.4.7 Specific Conductance 466 20.5 Discussion 466 References 468 21 Recycling of Carwash Effluents Treated with Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands 469 A. Torrens, M. Folch, M. Salgot and M. Aulinas 21.1 Introduction 469 21.2 Case Study: Description 471 21.2.1 Pilot Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland 471 21.2.2 Pilot Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland 471 21.2.3 Operation and Monitoring 472 21.3 Case Study: Results and Discussion 474 21.3.1 Influent Characterization 474 21.3.2 Effluent Quality for Recycling 477 21.3.3 Performance of the Constructed Wetland Pilots 478 21.3.3.1 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland 478 21.3.3.2 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland 482 21.3.3.3 Comparison of Performances 486 21.4 Design and Operation Recommendations 488 21.4.1 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland 488 21.4.2 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland 489 21.5 Conclusions 489 References 490 22 Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell: An Emerging Integrated Technology for Potential Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Electricity Generation 493 Asheesh K. Yadav, Pratiksha Srivastava, Naresh Kumar, Rouzbeh Abbassi and Barada Kanta Mishra 22.1 Introduction 493 22.2 The Fundamentals of MFC and Microbial Electron Transfer to Electrode 495 22.3 State of the Art of CW-MFCs 496 22.3.1 Design and Operation of CW-MFCs 496 22.3.2 Performance Evaluation of Various CW-MFCs 497 22.4 Potential Industrial Wastewater Treatment in CW-MFCs 500 22.5 Challenges in Generating Bio-Electricity in CW-MFCs During Industrial Wastewater Treatment 502 22.6 Future Directions 503 Acknowledgements 504 References 504 23 Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Treatment from Specific (Dutch) Industrial Surfaces 511 Floris Boogaard, Johan Blom and Joost van den Bulk 23.1 Introduction 511 23.2 Stormwater Characteristics 511 23.2.1 Stormwater Quality in Urban Areas 511 23.2.2 Industrial Stormwater Quality 513 23.2.3 Fraction of Pollutants Attached to Particles 513 23.2.3.1 Particle Size Distribution 515 23.2.4 Removal Efficiency 515 23.3 Best Management Practices of (Dutch) Wetlands at Industrial Sites 515 23.3.1 Amsterdam Westergasfabriekterrein 518 23.3.2 Constructed Wetland Oostzaan: Multifunctional High Removal Efficiency 518 23.3.3 Constructed Wetland Hoogeveen, Oude Diep 520 23.3.4 Cost 520 23.3.5 Choosing Best Location(s) of Wetlands on Industrial Areas 521 23.4 Innovation in Monitoring Wetlands 523 23.4.1 Innovative Determination of Long-Term Hydraulic Capacity of Wetlands 523 23.4.2 Innovating Monitoring of Removal Efficiency and Eco-Scan 525 23.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 525 23.5.1 Conclusions 525 23.5.2 Recommendations 527 References 527 Part VIII Managerial and Construction Aspects 529 24 A Novel Response of Industry to Wastewater Treatment with Constructed Wetlands: A Managerial View through System Dynamic Techniques 531 Ioannis E. Nikolaou and Alexandros I. Stefanakis 24.1 Introduction 531 24.2 Theoretical Underpinning 532 24.2.1 Constructed Wetlands – A Short Review 532 24.2.2 Constructed Wetlands: An Economic–Environmental Approach 533 24.2.3 Constructed Wetlands: An Industrial Viewpoint 534 24.2.4 CWs Through a CSR Glance 534 24.3 Methodology 536 24.3.1 Research Structure 536 24.3.2 The CSR-CWs Agenda 537 24.3.3 CSR-CWs Balanced Scorecard 537 24.3.4 CSR-CWs Balanced Scorecard System Dynamic Model 539 24.3.5 Some Certain Scenario Developments 540 24.4 Test of Scenarios and a Typology Construction for Decision Making 541 24.4.1 Scenario Analysis 541 24.4.1.1 The Proactive Industry – The Business Case Approach 541 24.4.1.2 Proactive Industry – The Ethical Case Approach 541 24.4.1.3 Reactive Industry – The Business Case Approach 543 24.4.1.4 Reactive Industry – The Ethical Case Approach 543 24.4.2 A Typology of Industry Decision Making in CSR-CWs Agenda 544 24.5 Conclusion and Discussion 545 References 546 25 A Construction Manager’s Perception of a Successful Industrial Constructed Wetland Project 551 Emmanuel Aboagye-Nimo, Justus Harding and Alexandros I. Stefanakis 25.1 Key Performance Indicators for Construction Projects 551 25.2 Function and Values of Constructed Wetlands 552 25.2.1 Constructed Wetland Components 553 25.3 Clear Deliverables of Project 554 25.3.1 Health and Safety Considerations in Construction Projects 555 25.3.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Screening 556 25.3.3 Securing the Project 556 25.4 Critical Points in Constructing Wetlands 556 25.5 Summary 559 References 560 Index 563
£118.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introduction to Mathematical Methods for
Book SynopsisThe authors' aim is to offer the reader the fundamentals of numerous mathematical methods with accompanying practical environmental applications. The material in this book addresses mathematical calculations common to both the environmental science and engineering professionals. It provides the reader with nearly 100 solved illustrative examples and the interrelationship between both theory and applications is emphasized in nearly all of the 35 chapters. One key feature of this book is that the solutions to the problems are presented in a stand-alone manner. Throughout the book, the illustrative examples are laid out in such a way as to develop the reader's technical understanding of the subject in question, with more difficult examples located at or near the end of each set. In presenting the text material, the authors have stressed the pragmatic approach in the application of mathematical tools to assist the reader in grasping the role of mathematical skills in environmental prTable of ContentsPreface ix Part I: Introduction 1 1 Fundamentals and Principles of Numbers 3 2 Series Analysis 21 3 Graphical Analysis 29 4 Flow Diagrams 43 5 Dimensional Analysis 53 6 Economics 73 7 Problem Solving 89 Part II: Analytical Analysis 99 8 Analytical Geometry 101 9 Differentiation 115 10 Integration 121 11 Differential Calculus 133 12 Integral Calculus 147 13 Matrix Algebra 161 14 Laplace Transforms 173 Part III: Numerical Analysis 183 15 Trial-and-Error Solutions 185 16 Nonlinear Algebraic Equations 195 17 Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations 209 18 Differentiation 219 19 Integration 225 20 Ordinary Differential Equations 235 21 Partial Differential Equations 247 Part IV: Statistical Analysis 259 22 Basic Probability Concepts 261 23 Estimation of Mean and Variance 275 24 Discrete Probability Distribution 287 25 Continuous Probability Distribution 307 26 Fault Tree and Event Tree Analysis 343 27 Monte Carlo Simulation 357 28 Regression Analysis 371 Part V: Optimization 385 29 Introduction to Optimization 387 30 Perturbation Techniques 395 31 Search Methods 405 32 Graphical Analysis 419 33 Analytical Analysis 435 34 Introduction to Linear Programming 449 35 Linear Programming Applications 465
£143.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface How to use this book CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS CHAPTER 3: POLLUTANTS, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER 4: CHEMODYNAMICS OF POLLUTANTS CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY CHAPTER 6: GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS CHAPTER 7: SOME PRINCIPLES OF POLLUTION ECOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY CHAPTER 8: POLLUTANTS IN THE OCEANS, ESTUARIES, AND FRESHWATER SYSTEMS CHAPTER 9: PESTICIDES CHAPTER10: PETROLEUM, COAL, AND BIOFUELS CHAPTER11: TOXIC ORGANIC POLLUTANTS CHAPTER 12: METALS CHAPTER 13: AIR POLLUTANTS CHAPTER 14: GREENHOUSE GASES, GLOBAL WARMING, AND CLIMATE CHANGE CHAPTER15: SOIL AND GOUNDWATER POLLUTION CHAPTER 16: SOLID, LIQUID, AND HAZARDOUS WASTES CHAPTER 17: POLLUTION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 18: HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT CHAPTER19: MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS CHAPTER 20: POLLUTION: MOVING TOWARD A HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Index
£105.26
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Environmental Policy
Book SynopsisEXPAND YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AFFECTS BUSINESS, THE ECONOMY, AND YOUR LIFE WITH THIS ESSENTIAL RESOURCE Environmental Policy: An Economic Perspective offers readers a comprehensive examination of the ever-broadening scope and impact of environmental policy, law, and regulation. Editors Thomas Walker, Northrop Sprung-Much, and Sherif Goubran walk readers through a variety of subjects while maintaining a global perspective on the expanding role of environmental law. This book takes a pragmatic and practical approach to its subject matter, showing readers the real impact across the world of different kinds of environmental policy. Among other topics, Environmental Policy: An Economic Perspective tackles: Climate change legislation Water conservation and pricing Biodiversity of the marine environment Wildlife ranching Emission trading schemes Green job strategies Table of ContentsPreface vii About the Editors ix List of Contributors xi Notes on Contributors xiii List of Figures xix List of Tables xxiii Acknowledgments xxv 1 An Introduction to the Current Landscape: Environmental Policy and the Economy 1Tyler Schwartz and Sherif Goubran Section I An Overview 9 2 Responses to Climate Change: Individual Preferences and Policy Actions around the World 11Andrew Brennan, Astghik Mavisakalyan, and Yashar Tarverdi 3 Legislation or Economic Instruments for a Successful Environmental Policy? Reflections After “Dieselgate” 33Theodoros Zachariadis 4 Environmental Legislation and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): A Literature Review 49Eleni Sfakianaki Section II Governing and Protecting Natural Resources 71 5 Bulk Water Pricing Policies and Strategies for Sustainable Water Management: The Case of Ontario, Canada 73Guneet Sandhu, Michael O. Wood, Horatiu A. Rus, and Olaf Weber 6 The Role of Water Pricing Policies in Steering Urban Development: The Case of the Bogotá Region 89Camilo Romero 7 Effective Environmental Protection and Regulatory Quality: A National Case Study of China 105Sharanya Basu Roy 8 The EU Legal and Regulatory Framework for Measuring Damage Risks to the Biodiversity of the Marine Environment 121Ivelin M. Zvezdov 9 Redefining Nature and Wilderness through Private Wildlife Ranching: An Economic Perspective of Environmental Policy in South(ern) Africa 139Tariro Kamuti Section III Energy, Emissions, and the Economy 153 10 Climate Change Regulations and Accounting Practices: Optimization for Emission-Intensive Publicly Traded Firms 155Carol Pomare and David H. Lont 11 The Economic Aspects of Renewable Energy Policies in Developing Countries: An Overview of the Brazilian Wind Power Industry 167Elia E. Cia Alves and Andrea Q. Steiner 12 Ontario’s Energy Transition: A Successful Case of a Green Jobs Strategy? 193Bruno Arcand 13 Ethical and Sustainable Investing and the Need for Carbon Neutrality 213Quintin G. Rayer Section IV Financing the Environmental Transition 233 14 Building Sustainable Communities Through Market-Based Instruments 235Ying Zhou, Amelia Clarke, and Stephanie Cairns 15 Climate Justice and Food Security: Experience from Climate Finance in Bangladesh 249Muhammad Abdur Rahaman and Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman 16 A Survey of UK-Based Ethical and Sustainable Fund Managers’ Investment Processes Addressing Plastics in the Environment 269Quintin G. Rayer Index 299
£92.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Evolution of Earths Climate
Book SynopsisWritten by a group of the most experienced and well-known environmental engineers in the world, from a unique perspective, this volume explores the hot-button issue of climate change, its causes, and the future of the planet. Climate change is one of the most controversial and argued issues in the world today, and it has been for years. It has been politicized by politicians on all sides, some scientists have used the study of it for their own material gain above true scientific discovery, and some scientific theories surrounding it have been believed even though proven false. But there is not, by any means, complete agreement among all scientists throughout the world on this issue. Written by two of the world''s most well-respected environmental and petroleum engineers, this book is meant to be one voice in the scientific literature on this important subject. Other books, also available from Wiley-Scrivener, take the opposite stance, but it is important, in ourTable of ContentsIntroduction xv Acknowledgments xix Part I: Climatic Paradox 1 1 Climatic Paradox 3 Historic Temperatures of Early Earth 3 Concepts by Some of Global Warming 5 Earth’s Historic Temperature Charts 6 Misuse of Temperature Charts 7 Use of Paleoclimatology to Estimate Prehistoric Temperatures 8 Use of the Oxygen Isotope Ratio to Estimate Historic Temperatures 9 Historic Temperature Charts for the Past 4.6 BY 10 Glacial Periods and Interglacial Periods (4.5 to 0.540 BY AGO) 10 Historic Temperature Record of the Past 540 MY 11 Today’s Temperature Charts 16 The Sun—a Primary Source of Energy 17 Physical Aspects of the Sun 18 Sunspots 18 Solar Irradiation Reaching the Earth 20 The Sun’s Energy 23 Energy Received by the Earth from the Sun 26 The Paradox Reviewed 27 2 Adiabatic Theory 29 Troposphere 29 How is Heat Transferred in the Troposphere? 31 Modeling the Earth’s Troposphere 33 Features of the Earth’s Atmosphere 33 Development of an Adiabatic Equation 35 Development of the Adiabatic Equation 37 Earth’s Troposphere Model 41 Effect of Precession Angle 42 Application of Adiabatic Equation to the Planet Venus 47 3 The Earth’s Synoptic Activities 51 Greenhouse Effect Adiabatic Theory 51 Model of Heat Transfer in the Troposphere 52 Part II: Development of the Hydrosphere 59 4 Development of Earth’s Hydrosphere 61 Hydrosphere of the Primordial Earth 61 Formation of the Hydrosphere 66 Part III: Development of the Earth’s Atmosphere 79 5 Earth’s Historic Atmospheres 81 Earth’s Primordial Atmosphere 81 Earth’s First Atmosphere (Hadean time—4.56 to 4.0 BY ago) 83 Earth’s Second Atmosphere (Archean time, 4.0 to 2.5 BY ago) 85 Earth’s Third Atmosphere (Proterozoic to mid-Phanerozoic time – 2.5 to 0.54 BY ago) 86 Today’s Atmosphere (Phanerozoic time, 0.542 BY ago to today) 89 The Earth’s Future Atmosphere 89 6 Nitrogen in Earth’s Atmosphere 91 Origin of Earth’s Atmospheric Nitrogen 91 Estimate of the Earth’s Volume of Organic-Nitrogen Sediments 95 7 Development of Free Oxygen in Earth’s Atmosphere 99 Oxygen 99 History of Free Oxygen in Earth’s Atmosphere 100 8 Development of Methane in Earth’s Atmosphere 111 Methane the Gas 111 Historic Levels of Methane in the Earth’s Atmosphere 114 Monitoring of Methane Gas Emissions 126 9 The Effect of the Greenhouse Gases 129 The Greenhouse Gases 129 The Classic Greenhouse Effect 130 The Greenhouse Gases 131 Understanding the Greenhouse Effect 134 The Greenhouse Effect 135 Effect of the Precession Angle 138 Convective Heat Transsphere in Troposphere 140 Effect of Water Vapor on Heat Transfer 140 Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Temperature Distribution 141 The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Anthropogenic Emissions 143 10 Development of Carbon Dioxide in Earth’s Atmosphere 147 Carbon Dioxide 147 Sources of Carbon Dioxide 148 The Carbon Cycle 148 Mass of Carbon in the Earth’s Crust 151 Mass of Carbon in the Earth’s Mantle 151 Historic Content of Carbon Dioxide in the Earth’s Atmosphere 155 Earth’s Hadean Atmosphere (4.56 to 4.0 BY ago) 155 Earth’s Archaean Atmosphere (4.0 to 2.4 BY ago) 156 Earth’s Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Atmosphere (2.4 BY ago to today) 159 Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere 163 Historic Effect of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide 168 11 Ozone in the Earth’s Atmosphere 173 Properties of Ozone 173 Ozone Layer as the “Earth’s Shield” 174 Atmospheric Gases Ability to Absorb Energy 175 The Ozone Hole 184 Ozone – Methane Reaction 188 Concluding Remarks 189 12 Evolution of Atmospheric Composition and Pressure 191 Partial Pressure of Atmospheric Gases 191 Part IV: Various Factors Affecting the Evolution of the Earth’s Climate 197 13 Earth’s Orbital Distance from the Sun 199 Effect of Gravity on Earth’s Orbital Paths 199 Earth’s Orbital Path About the Sun 200 Kepler’s Laws Pertaining to Planetary Orbits 202 Eccentricity of an Object’s Orbit 205 Effect of Other Planets on Earth’s orbit 206 The Effect of the Planet Jupiter on Earth’s Orbital Path 212 14 Climatalogical Effect of Continental Drift 223 Continental Drift’s Effect on the Earth’s Precession Angle 223 Latitudinal Temperature Contrast on Earth’s Surface 228 15 Earth’s Future Climate 235 Conclusions 239 References and Bibliography 241 Author Index 271 Subject Index 275
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