The environment Books

Book SynopsisA complete, international reference book of yacht designers from the early 1800s to the present day.

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Book SynopsisA gorgeously detailed guide to the evolution, design, and role of tugboats, from the earliest days of steam to today’s most advanced ocean-going workboats.

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Book SynopsisThere are many factors that environmental scientists should consider in their research. Weather and climate vary widely between locations, soil varies at every spatial scale at which it is examined, and even man-made attributes, such as the distribution of pollution, fluctuate significantly.Trade Review"This is certainly an invaluable text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of spatial variation and environmental research." (International Journal of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, August 2008)Table of ContentsPreface 1 Introduction 2 Basic Statistics 3 Prediction and Interpolation 4 Characterizing Spatial Processes: The Covariance and Variogram 5 Modelling the Variogram 6 Reliability of the Experimental Variogram and Nested Sampling 7 Spectral Analysis 8 Local Estimation or Prediction: Kriging 9 Kriging in the Presence of Trend and Factorial Kriging 10 Cross-Correlation, Coregionalization and Cokriging 11 Disjunctive Kriging 12 Stochastic Simulation (new file) Appendix A Appendix B References Index

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Book SynopsisPart of the Wiley's Environmentally Conscious Engineering series, Environmentally Conscious Fossil Energy Production, the seventh volume, provides environmental and economic impacts of conventional power generation technologies.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1 Environmentally Conscious Petroleum Engineering (M. Rafiqul Awal). 2 Carbon Management and Hydrogen Requirements in Oil Sands Operations (Ali Elkamel, J. Guillermo Ordorica-Garcia, Peter Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 3 Environmentally Conscious Coal Mining (R. Larry Grayson). 4 Maritime Oil Transport and Pollution Prevention (Sabah A. Abdul-Wahab). 5 Accidental Oil Spills Behavior and Control (M. R. Riazi). 6 Geological Sequestration of Greenhouse Gases (Ahmed Shafeen and Terry Carter). 7 Clean-Coal Technology: Gasification Pathway (J. Guillermo Ordorica-Garcia, Ali Elkamel, Peter L. Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 8 An Integrated Approach for Carbon Mitigation in the Electric Power Generation Sector (Ali Elkamel, Haslenda Hashim, Peter L. Douglas, and Eric Croiset). 9 Energy and Exergy Analyses of Natural Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems (K. Mohammed and B. V. Reddy). Index.

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Book SynopsisAn updated text exploring the properties of the soil microbial community Today, the environmentally oriented specialties of microbiology are shifting from considering a single or a few microbial species to focusing on the entire microbial community and its interactions.? The third edition of Soil Microbiology has been fully revised and updated to reflect this change, with a new focus on microbial communities and how they impact global ecology. The third edition still provides thorough coverage of basic soil microbiology principles, yet the textbook also expands students'' understanding of the role the soil microbial community plays in global environmental health and human health. They can also learn more about the techniques used to conduct analysis at this level. Readers will benefit from the edition''s expanded use of figures and tables as well as the recommendations for further reading found within each chapter. Considers the impactTable of ContentsPreface xv Introduction 1 1 Soil Ecosystems: Physical and Chemical Boundaries 5 1.1 Soil as an Ecosystem 11 1.1.1 Soil System Function 12 1.1.2 Soil Formation and the Microbial Community 15 1.1.3 Implications of Definition of the Soil Ecosystem 18 1.2 The Micro-ecosystem 19 1.2.1 Interaction of Individual Soil Components with the Biotic System 19 1.2.2 Aboveground and Belowground Communities and Soil Ecosystem Synergistic Development 31 1.3 The Macro-ecosystem 37 1.4 Concluding Comments 39 2 The Soil Ecosystem: Biological Participants 45 2.1 The Living Soil Component 45 2.1.1 Biological and Genetic Implications of Occurrence of Living Cells in Soil 46 2.1.2 Implications of Microbial Properties for Handling of Soil Samples 55 2.2 Measurement of Soil Microbial Biomass 56 2.2.1 Direct Counting Methods 58 2.2.2 ATP Measure of Soil Microbial Biomass 59 2.2.3 Soil Aerobic Respiration Measurements 60 2.2.4 Chloroform Fumigation (Extraction and Incubation) Technique 61 2.2.5 Limitations of Microbial Biomass Measurements 64 2.3 The Nature of Soil Inhabitants 65 2.4 Autecology and Soil Microbiology 66 2.4.1 Limitations to Autecological Research 67 2.4.2 Autecological Methods 67 2.4.3 PCR for Quantification of Soil Microbes 72 2.4.4 Expression of Population Density per Unit of Soil 78 2.4.5 Products of Soil Autecological Research 78 2.5 Principles and Products of Synecological Research 79 2.6 Interphase Between Study of Individual and Community Microbiology 80 2.7 Concluding Comments 81 3 Microbial Diversity of Soil Ecosystems 89 3.1 Classical Culture-Based Studies of Soil Microbial Diversity 90 3.1.1 Value of Culture-Based Studies of Soil Microbial Diversity 90 3.1.2 Limitations of Culture-Based Studies of Soil Microbial Diversity 90 3.1.3 The Challenge of Defining Bacterial Species 91 3.1.4 Alternatives to Bacterial Strain Isolation 92 3.2 Surrogate Measures of Soil Microbial Diversity 92 3.3 Diversity Surrogates: Physiological Profiling 93 3.3.1 Physiological Profiling of Isolates 93 3.3.2 Community-Level Physiological Profiling 94 3.3.3 Value of Community-Level Physiological Profiling 95 3.3.4 Limitations of Community Level Physiological Profiling 95 3.4 Diversity Surrogates: Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis 96 3.4.1 PLFA Analysis of Isolates 96 3.4.2 Community PLFA Analysis 97 3.4.3 Value of PLFA Analysis 98 3.4.4 Limitations of PFLA Analysis 98 3.5 Nucleic Acid-Based Analyses of Soil Microbial Diversity 98 3.5.1 Nucleic Acid Based Analysis of Isolates 99 3.5.2 Community Nucleic Acid Analysis 99 3.5.3 DNA Extraction 100 3.5.4 Analysis of Community DNA 101 3.6 PCR-Based Methods 101 3.6.1 Clone Library Sequencing 101 3.6.2 DNA-Based Fingerprinting Techniques 102 3.6.3 High-Throughput Amplicon Sequencing 103 3.6.4 Limitations of PCR-Based Methods 105 3.7 Metagenomics 105 3.7.1 Limitations of Metagenomics 106 3.8 Conclusions: Utility and Limitations of Diversity Analysis Procedures 107 4 Energy Transformations Supporting Growth and Survival of Soil Microbes 115 4.1 Microbial Growth Kinetics in Soil 116 4.2 Microbial Growth Phases: Laboratory-Observed Microbial Growth Compared to Soil Population Dynamics 120 4.3 Mathematical Representation of Soil Microbial Growth 126 4.4 Uncoupling Energy Production from Microbial Biomass Synthesis 130 4.5 Implications of Microbial Energy and Carbon Transformation Capacities for Soil Biological Processes 132 4.5.1 Energy Acquisition in Soil Ecosystems 132 4.5.2 Microbial Contribution to Soil Energy and Carbon Transformation 136 4.6 Concluding Comments 143 5 Process Control in Soil 149 5.1 Microbial Response to Abiotic Limitations: General Considerations 151 5.1.1 Definition of Limitations to Biological Activity 151 5.1.2 Elucidation of Limiting Factors in Soil 153 5.2 Impact of Individual Soil Properties on Microbial Activity 157 5.2.1 Availability of Nutrients 158 5.2.2 Soil Water 164 5.2.3 Aeration 172 5.2.4 Redox Potential 173 5.2.5 pH 175 5.2.6 Temperature 178 5.3 Microbial Adaptation to Abiotic Stress 180 5.4 Concluding Comments 181 6 Soil Enzymes: Basic Principles and Their Applications 185 6.1 A Philosophical Basis for the Study of Soil Enzymes 187 6.2 Basic Soil Enzyme Properties 192 6.3 Principles of Enzyme Assays 196 6.4 Enzyme Kinetics 202 6.5 Distribution of Enzymes in Soil Organic Components 206 6.6 Ecology of Extracellular Enzymes 210 6.7 Concluding Comments 212 7 Microbial Interactions and Community Development and Resilience 217 7.1 Common Concepts of Microbial Community Interaction 220 7.2 Classes of Biological Interactions 222 7.2.1 Neutralism 223 7.2.2 Positive Biological Interactions 223 7.2.3 Negative Biological Interactions 227 7.3 Trophic Interactions and Nutrient Cycling 235 7.3.1 Soil Flora and Fauna 235 7.3.2 Earthworms: Mediators of Multilevel Mutualism 238 7.4 Importance of Microbial Interactions to Overall Biological Community Development 239 7.5 Management of Soil Microbial Populations 241 7.6 Concluding Comments: Implications of Soil Microbial Interactions 242 8 The Rhizosphere/Mycorrhizosphere 251 8.1 The Rhizosphere 252 8.1.1 The Microbial Community 254 8.1.2 Sampling Rhizosphere Soil 256 8.1.3 Plant Contributions to the Rhizosphere Ecosystem 258 8.1.4 Benefits to Plants Resulting from Rhizosphere Populations 263 8.1.5 Plant Pathogens in the Rhizosphere 264 8.1.6 Manipulation of Rhizosphere Populations 265 8.2 Mycorrhizal Associations 268 8.2.1 Mycorrhizae in the Soil Community 271 8.2.2 Symbiont Benefits from Mycorrhizal Development 273 8.2.3 Environmental Considerations 275 8.3 The Mycorrhizosphere 276 8.4 Conclusion 278 9 Introduction to the Biogeochemical Cycles 287 9.1 Introduction to Conceptual and Mathematical Models of Biogeochemical Cycles 289 9.1.1 Development and Utility of Conceptual Models 290 9.1.2 Mathematical Modeling of Biogeochemical Cycles 295 9.2 Specific Models of Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Application 297 9.2.1 The Environmental Connection 300 9.2.2 Interconnectedness of Biogeochemical Cycle Processes 302 9.3 Biogeochemical Cycles as Sources of Plant Nutrients for Ecosystem Sustenance 306 9.4 General Processes and Participants in Biogeochemical Cycles 307 9.5 Measurement of Biogeochemical Processes: What Data Are Useful? 309 9.5.1 Assessment of Biological Activities Associated with Biogeochemical Cycling 309 9.5.2 Soil Sampling Aspects of Assessment of Biogeochemical Cycling Rates 310 9.5.3 Environmental Impact of Nutrient Cycles 311 9.5.4 Example of Complications in Assessing Soil Nutrient Cycling: Nitrogen Mineralization 312 9.6 Conclusions 315 10 The Carbon Cycle 321 10.1 Environmental Implications of the Soil Carbon Cycle 323 10.1.1 Soils as a Source or Sink for Carbon Dioxide and Methane 324 10.1.2 Diffusion of Soil Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere 325 10.1.3 Managing Soils to Augment Organic Matter Contents 327 10.1.4 Carbon Recycling in Soil Systems 328 10.2 Biochemical Aspects of the Soil Carbon Cycle 329 10.2.1 Individual Components of Soil Organic Carbon Pools 330 10.2.2 Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions 337 10.2.3 Structural versus Functional Analysis 339 10.2.4 Microbial Mediators of Soil Carbon Cycle Processes 342 10.3 Kinetics of Soil Carbon Transformations 344 10.4 Conclusions: Management of the Soil Carbon Cycle 348 11 The Nitrogen Cycle: Mineralization, Immobilization, and Nitrification 355 11.1 Nitrogen Mineralization 359 11.1.1 Soil Organic Nitrogen Resources 359 11.1.2 Assessment of Nitrogen Mineralization 361 11.2 Nitrogen Immobilization 362 11.2.1 Process Definition and Organisms Involved 362 11.2.2 Impact of Nitrogen Immobilization Processes on Plant Communities 362 11.2.3 Measurement of Soil Nitrogen Immobilization Rates 365 11.3 Quantitative Description of Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics 366 11.4 Microbiology of Mineralization 370 11.5 Environmental Influences on Nitrogen Mineralization 370 11.6 Nitrification 372 11.6.1 Identity of Bacterial Species that Nitrify 373 11.6.2 Benefits to the Microorganism from Nitrification 374 11.6.3 Quantification of Nitrifiers in Soil Samples 374 11.6.4 Discrepancies between Population Enumeration Data and Field Nitrification Rates 376 11.6.5 Sources of Ammonium and Nitrite for Nitrifiers 377 11.6.6 Environmental Properties Limiting Nitrification 377 11.7 Concluding Observations: Control of the Internal Soil Nitrogen Cycle 381 12 Nitrogen Fixation: The Gateway to Soil Nitrogen Cycling 389 12.1 Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation 391 12.1.1 The Process 391 12.1.2 The Enzyme, Nitrogenase 394 12.1.3 Measurement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Culture and in the Field 396 12.2 General Properties of Soil Diazotrophs 401 12.2.1 Free-Living Diazotrophs 401 12.2.2 Examples of Function of Nonsymbiotic Diazotrophs in Soil Ecosystems 404 12.2.3 Diazotrophs in Rhizosphere Populations 404 12.2.4 Dizaotrophs in Flooded Ecosystems 408 12.3 Conclusions 409 13 Biological Nitrogen Fixation 415 13.1 Rhizobium–Legume Symbioses 416 13.1.1 Grouping of Rhizobial Strains 416 13.1.2 Rhizobial Contributions to Nitrogen Fixation 418 13.1.3 Nodulation of Legumes 419 13.1.4 Plant Control of Nodule Formation 423 13.2 Manipulation of Rhizobium–Legume Symbioses for Ecosystem Management 424 13.3 Rhizobial Inoculation Procedures 426 13.3.1 Inocula Delivery Systems 426 13.3.2 Survival of Rhizobial Inocula 427 13.3.3 Biological Interactions in Legume Nodulation 432 13.4 Nodule Occupants: Indigenous vs Foreign 432 13.5 Actinorhizal Associations 434 13.6 Conclusions 436 14 Denitrification 447 14.1 Pathways for Biological Reduction of Soil Nitrate 448 14.2 Biochemical Properties of Denitrification 450 14.2.1 Carbon and Energy Sources for Denitrifiers 450 14.2.2 Induction of Synthesis of Nitrogen Oxide Reductases 451 14.3 Environmental Implications of Nitrous Oxide Formation 452 14.4 Microbiology of Denitrification 453 14.4.1 Assessment of Soil Denitrifier Populations 453 14.4.2 General Traits of Denitrifiers 454 14.4.3 Generic Identity of Denitrifiers 455 14.5 Quantification of Nitrogen Losses from an Ecosystem via Denitrification 456 14.5.1 Nitrogen Balance Studies 456 14.5.2 Use of Nitrogen Isotopes to Trace Soil Nitrogen Transformations 458 14.5.3 Soil Nitrogen Oxide Transformations 459 14.5.4 Acetylene Block Method for Assessing Denitrification Processes in Soil 460 14.6 Environmental Factors Controlling Denitrification Rates 462 14.6.1 Nature and Amount of Organic Matter 462 14.6.2 Nitrate Concentration 464 14.6.3 Aeration/Moisture 464 14.6.4 pH 465 14.6.5 Temperature 466 14.6.6 Interaction of Limitations to Denitrification in Soil Systems 467 14.7 Conclusions 467 15 Fundamentals of the Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Mineral Cycles 477 15.1 Sulfur in the Soil Ecosystem 477 15.2 Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur in Soil 479 15.3 Biological Sulfur Oxidation 482 15.3.1 Microbiology of Sulfur Oxidation 482 15.3.2 Environmental Conditions Affecting Sulfur Oxidation 486 15.4 Biological Sulfur Reduction 488 15.4.1 Anaerobic Biodegradation 490 15.4.2 Reducing Acidity of Acid Mine Drainage 490 15.4.3 Reduction of Complications of Metal Contamination in Soil 490 15.5 Mineralization and Assimilation of Sulfurous Substances 491 15.6 The Phosphorus Cycle 492 15.7 Microbially Catalyzed Soil Metal Cycling 494 15.7.1 Interactions of Soil Metals with Living Systems 495 15.7.2 Microbial Response to Elevated Metal Loading 497 15.7.3 Microbial Modifications of Metal Mobility in Soils 498 15.7.4 Managing Soils Contaminated with Toxic Metals 501 15.8 Conclusion 502 16 Soil Microbes: Optimizers of Soil System Sustainability and Reparation of Damaged Soils 511 16.1 Foundational Concepts of Bioremediation 514 16.1.1 Bioremediation Defined 514 16.1.2 Conceptual Unity of Bioremediation Science 515 16.1.3 Complexity of Remediation Questions 516 16.2 The Microbiology of Bioremediation 517 16.2.1 Microbes as Soil Remediators 518 16.2.2 Substrate–Decomposer Interactions 519 16.2.3 Microbial Inoculation for Bioremediation 528 16.3 Soil Properties Controlling Bioremediation 532 16.3.1 Physical and Chemical Delimiters of Biological Activities 532 16.3.2 Sequestration and Sorption Limitations to Bioavailability 536 16.4 Concluding Observations 538 Concluding Challenge 545 Index 549

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Book SynopsisOil Spill Science and Technology provides a scientific approach to the clean up of oil spills. Topics include the analysis of oil behavior such as evaporation, solubility, and sedimentation. Other topics include the biodegradation and environmental effects of oil spills and case studies.Table of ContentsContributors xvii Author Biographies xix Preface xxvii PART I Risk Analysis 1 1 Risk Analysis and Prevention 3Dagmar Schmidt Etkin 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Executive Summary 3 1.3 Oil Spill Risk Analysis 4 1.4 Overview of Oil Spill Prevention 28 References 34 PART II Oil Properties 37 2 Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation 39Bruce P. Hollebone 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products 39 2.3 Hydrocarbon Groups 44 2.4 Quality Assurance and Control 46 2.5 Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties 46 References 49 PART III Oil Composition and Properties 51 3 Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Properties 53Merv Fingas 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 The Composition of Oil 53 3.3 Properties of Oil 75 References 76 4 Vegetable Oil Spills: Oil Properties and Behavior 79Merv Fingas 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 The Oils 79 4.3 Historical Spills 79 4.4 Aquatic Toxicity 86 4.5 Properties of the Oils 86 4.6 Behavior in the Environment 87 4.7 Oxidation Biodegradation and Polymerization 87 4.8 Spill Countermeasures 88 4.9 Biofuels 88 4.10 Conclusions 89 References 89 PART IV Oil Analysis 93 5 Chromatographic Fingerprinting Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 95Chun Yang, Zhendi Wang, Bruce P. Hollebone ,Carl E. Brown, Zeyu Yang, and Mike Landriault 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Introduction to Oil Analysis Techniques 100 5.3 Methodology of Oil Fingerprinting Analysis 105 5.4 Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition 141 5.5 Diagnostic Ratios of Target Hydrocarbons 148 5.6 Forensic Oil Spill Identification: A Case Study 151 References 158 6 Oil Spill Identification 165Joan Albaigés, Paul G.M. Kienhuis, and Gerhard Dahlmann 6.1 Introduction 165 6.2 Sampling 167 6.3 Sample Handling in the Laboratory 170 6.4 Analysis 171 6.5 Conclusions 198 References 202 PART V Oil Behavior 205 7 Oil and Petroleum Evaporation 207Merv Fingas 7.1 Introduction 207 7.2 Review of Historical Concepts 209 7.3 Development of New Diffusion-Regulated Models 213 7.4 Complexities to the Diffusion-Regulated Model 218 7.5 Use of Evaporation Equations in Spill Models 220 7.6 Volatilization 221 7.7 Measurement of Evaporation 221 7.8 Summary 221 References 222 8 Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Formation and Prediction 225Merv Fingas and Ben Fieldhouse 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Types of Emulsions 225 8.3 Stability Indices 226 8.4 Formation of Emulsions 230 8.5 Modeling the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions 235 8.6 Conclusions 251 References 268 9 Oil Behavior in Ice-Infested Waters 271Merv Fingas and Bruce P. Hollebone 9.1 Introduction 271 9.2 Spreading on Ice 271 9.3 Spreading on or in Snow 273 9.4 Spreading under Ice 273 9.5 Spreading on Water with Ice Present 274 9.6 The Effect of Gas on Oil-under-Ice Spreading 275 9.7 Movement through Ice 276 9.8 Oil in Leads 277 9.9 Absorption to Snow and Ice 280 9.10 Containment on Ice 280 9.11 Heating Effect of Oil on the Surface of Ice 280 9.12 Oil under Multiyear Ice 280 9.13 Oil in Pack Ice 281 9.14 Growth of Ice on Shorelines and Effect on Oil Retention 281 9.15 Effect of Oil on Ice Properties 281 9.16 Concluding Remarks 283 References 283 PART VI Modeling 285 10 Introduction to Spill Modeling 287Merv Fingas 10.1 Introduction 287 10.2 An Overview of Weathering 287 10.3 Evaporation 288 10.4 Water Uptake and Emulsification 290 10.5 Natural Dispersion 293 10.6 Summary of Natural Dispersion 295 10.7 Other Processes 295 10.8 Movement of Oil and Oil Spill Modeling 297 10.9 Spill Modeling 299 References 299 11 Oceanographic and Meteorological Effects on Spilled Oil 301C.J. Beegle-Krause and William J. Lehr List of Symbols 301 11.1 Introduction 301 11.2 Chapter Scope 302 11.3 Atmospheric Boundary Layer 302 11.4 Water Currents 303 11.5 Waves 304 11.6 Sea Spray 306 11.7 Langmuir Cells 306 11.8 Oil Transport 307 11.9 Areas of Active Research 308 References 309 PART VII Detection Tracking and Remote Sensing 311 12 Oil Spill Remote Sensing 313Merv Fingas and Carl E. Brown 12.1 Introduction 313 12.2 Atmospheric Properties 314 12.3 Oil Interaction with Light and Electronic Waves 314 12.4 Visible Indications of Oil 316 12.5 Optical Sensors 317 12.6 Laser Fluorosensors 325 12.7 Microwave Sensors 326 12.8 Slick Thickness Determination 331 12.9 Integrated Airborne Sensor Systems 333 12.10 Satellite Remote Sensing 334 12.11 Oil-Under-Ice Detection 340 12.12 Underwater Detection and Tracking 340 12.13 Small Remote-Controlled Aircraft 344 12.14 Real-Time Displays and Printers 345 12.15 Routine Surveillance 345 12.16 Future Trends 346 12.17 Recommendations 347 References 348 13 Detection Tracking and Remote Sensing: Satellites and Image Processing (Spaceborne Oil Spill Detection) 357Konstantinos Topouzelis, Dario Tarchi, Michele Vespe, Monica Posada, Oliver Muellenhoff and Guido Ferraro 13.1 Introduction 357 13.2 Oil Spills Detection by Satellite 358 13.3 From Research to Operational Services 366 13.4 Ancillary Data 375 13.5 Summary and Conclusions 378 References 381 14 Detection of Oil in with and under Ice and Snow 385Merv Fingas and Carl E. Brown 14.1 Introduction 385 14.2 Overview of Detection of Oil in or under Ice and Snow 385 14.3 Detection of Surface Oil with Ice: Conventional Techniques 392 14.4 Conclusions 392 References 392 PART VIII Oil Spills on Land 395 15 Bioremediation of Oil Spills on Land 397Lisa D. Brown and Ania C. Ulrich 15.1 Introduction 397 15.2 Brief Overview of Bioremediation Techniques for Land Oil Spills 397 15.3 Key Organisms Involved in Biodegradation of Oil Spills on Land 398 15.4 Environmental Factors Affecting Bioremediation 399 15.5 In Situ Bioremediation Strategies 400 15.6 Ex Situ Land Treatment Techniques 402 15.7 Bioaugmentation Strategies 404 15.8 Biostimulation Strategies 404 References 405 16 Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation of Petroleum Impacted Soil: A Scientifically Proven Green Technology 407Karen E. Gerhardt, Perry D. Gerwing, Xiao-Dong Huang and Bruce M. Greenberg 16.1 Introduction 407 16.2 PGPR-Enhanced Phytoremediation System(s) 413 16.3 Case Studies of Full-Scale Petroleum Phytoremediation 416 16.4 Achieving Regulatory Criteria 421 16.5 Conclusions 422 References 423 PART IX Effects of Oil 429 17 Overview of Efforts to Document and Reduce Impacts of Oil Spills on Seabirds 431Roger C. Helm, Harry R. Carter, R. Glenn Ford, D. Michael Fry, Rocío L. Moreno, Carolina Sanpera and Florina S. Tseng 17.1 Introduction 431 17.2 Vulnerability 433 17.3 Effect of Oiling on Individual Birds 435 17.4 Rehabilitation and Veterinary Care 436 17.5 Estimating Mortality 441 17.6 Long-Term Impacts 444 17.7 Restoration 446 References 448 18 Overview of Effects of Oil Spills on Marine Mammals 455Roger C. Helm, Daniel P. Costa, Terry D. DeBruyn, Thomas J. O’Shea, Randall S. Wells and Terrie M. Williams 18.1 Introduction 455 18.2 Sea Otters 458 18.3 Seals and Sea Lions 461 18.4 Sea Cows 464 18.5 Polar Bears 465 18.6 Whales Dolphins and Porpoises 467 References 471 19 Oil Spill Impact and Recovery of Coastal Marsh Vegetation 477Qianxin Lin 19.1 Introduction 477 19.2 Toxicity and Impact as a Function of Oil Type and Oil Weathering Degree 477 19.3 Sensitivity to Oil Varies by Plant Species 478 19.4 Effects of Oil Exposure Modes on Severity of Oil Impacts 479 19.5 Effects of Oil Spill Cleanup Procedures on Marsh Recovery 481 References 483 PART X Natural Dispersion 485 20 A Review of Natural Dispersion Models 487Merv Fingas 20.1 Introduction 487 20.2 The Mackay Approach 487 20.3 The Audunson Approach 489 20.4 The Delvigne Approach 490 20.5 Residence in the Water Column 492 20.6 Comparison of the Models 492 20.7 Conclusions 494 References 494 PART XI Cold Region Spills 495 21 Arctic and Antarctic Spills 497D.M. Filler, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, I. Snape, Stephen T. Sweet and Andrew G. Klein 21.1 Introduction 497 21.2 Terrestrial Spills 502 21.3 Marine Spills 507 21.4 Policy 508 References 510 PART XII Case Studies 513 22 The Prestige Oil Spill 515Joan Albaigés ,Ana Bernabeu, Sonia Castanedo, Núria Jiménez, Carmen Morales-Caselles, Araceli Puente and Lucía Viñas 22.1 Introduction 515 22.2 The Ocean and Coastal Dynamics in the NW Iberia and their Influence on the Spill 516 22.3 Oil Monitoring and Fate 521 22.4 The Assessment of Effects 531 22.5 Environmental Restoration 537 22.6 Conclusion 541 References 542 23 The Grounding of the Bahía Paraíso Arthur Harbor Antarctica: Distribution and Fate of Oil Spill Related Hydrocarbons 547Stephen T. Sweet, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II and Andrew G. Klein 23.1 Introduction and Background 547 23.2 Environmental Sampling 550 23.3 Conclusions 555 References 555 24 Tasman Spirit Oil Spill at Karachi Coast Pakistan 557Hina Ahsan Siddiqi and Alia Bano Munshi 24.1 Introduction 557 24.2 Immediate Response to the Impact: Actions and Remediation 55724.2.1 Oil Recovery and Coast Cleaning 558 24.3 The DDWP Project by Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) 561 24.4 Hydrodynamics and Meteorological Data 562 24.5 Oil Monitoring and Fate 564 24.6 Effects of Oil Impact at the Community Level 568 24.7 Bioremediation/Natural Attenuation Processes 572 24.8 Conclusions 572 References 573 PART XIII Appendices 575 Appendix A The Oil Properties Data Appendix 577Bruce P. Hollebone Appendix B Conversions 683Merv Fingas Appendix C Ice Nomenclature 685Merv Fingas Index 689

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Biotechnology: Theory and Applications, 2nd Edition is designed to draw together the microscopic, functional level and the macroscopic, practical applications of biotechnology and to explain how the two relate within an environmental context. It presents the practical biological approaches currently employed to address environmental problems and provides the reader with a working knowledge of the science that underpins them. Biotechnology has now become a realistic alternative to many established approaches for manufacturing, land remediation, pollution control and waste management and is therefore an essential aspect of environmental studies. Fully updated to reflect new developments in the field and with numerous new case studies throughout this edition will be essential reading for undergraduates and masters students taking modules in Biotechnology or Pollution Control as part of Environmental Science, Environmental Management or Environmental BiologyTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1 Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology. Chapter 2 Microbes and Metabolism. Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Biological Intervention. Chapter 4 Pollution and Pollution Control. Chapter 5 Contaminated Land and Bio-Remediation. Chapter 6 Aerobes and Effluents. Chapter 7 Phytotechnology and Photosynthesis. Chapter 8 Biotechnology and Waste. Chapter 9 Genetic Manipulation. Chapter 10 Integrated Environmental Biotechnology. Bibliography and Suggested Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of a popular book looks at global environmental problems as complex issues with a network of causes. In addition to discussing the main biophysical causes, the book highlights the environmental and social impact of scientific developments, and examines how socio-economic and political factors affect the use of land and resources.Trade Review“This book on science and policy undoubtedly deserves a wide audience of people interested in the environment.” (International Journal of Environment and pollution, 1 November 2012) “I highly recommend the thought provoking and solutions oriented book Global Environmental Issues, 2nd Edition edited by Frances Harris, to anyone involved in environmental science, geography, industry leaders, public policy makers, government officials, environmental NGOs, community groups, non-profit organizations, academics, and students at all levels who are seeking a clear and concise examination of the many faceted issues surrounding environmental problems. This book will guide decision makers and everyday people toward real solutions that consider all points of view in an inclusive and understanding manner.” (Blog Business World, 16 August 2012)Table of ContentsContributors ix Acknowledgements xi Part One Introduction 1 1 Human–Environment Interactions 3 Frances Harris Part Two Negotiating Environmental Science 19 2 From Science to Policy 21 Frances Harris 3 Confronting a Multitude of Multilateral Environmental Agreements 39 Anilla Cherian Part Three The Changing Surface of the Earth 63 4 Grappling with the Global Climate Challenge 65 Anilla Cherian 5 Understanding and Adapting to Sea-Level Rise 87 Patrick D. Nunn 6 Conserving Biodiversity and Natural Resources 105 Frances Harris Part Four Meeting Our Needs 131 7 Food Production and Supply 133 Guy M. Robinson and Frances Harris 8 Meeting Society’s Demand for Energy 167 Nick Petford Part Five Coping with Our Impact 201 9 Sustainable Urbanisation 203 Kenneth Lynch 10 Coping with Pollution: Dealing withWaste 237 Ros Taylor Part Six Conclusion 275 11 Sustainable Development: Negotiating the Future 277 Frances Harris List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 295 References 301 Index 333

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Book SynopsisSustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition explores the concept of sustainable development and its implications for science and engineering. It looks at how sustainability criteria can be combined with traditional scientific and engineering considerations to design and operate industrial systems in a more sustainable manner. Taking a life cycle approach to addressing economic, environmental and social issues, the book presents a series of new practical case studies drawn from a range of sectors, including mining, energy, food, buildings, transport, waste, and health. Written in an accessible style, the book opens with a general introduction to the concept of sustainable development and explores its practical implications for technical experts. Recognising that practical application of sustainable development depends on the context, the second part of the book is devoted to case studies. The case studies explore scientific aTable of ContentsAbout the Editors ix List of Contributors xi Preface xiii Part 1 1 The Concept of Sustainable Development and its Practical Implications 3 Slobodan Perdan 2 Measuring Sustainable Development: An Overview 26 Slobodan Perdan and Adisa Azapagic 3 Assessing Environmental Sustainability: Life Cycle Thinking and Life Cycle Assessment 56 Adisa Azapagic Part 2 4 Translating the Principles of Sustainable Development into Business Practice: An Application in the Mining and Minerals Sector 83 Adisa Azapagic and Slobodan Perdan 5 Climate Change and Policy: The Case of Germany 117 Wolfram Krewitt and Hans Mu¨ller-Steinhagen 6 Sustainability Assessment of Biofuels 142 Adisa Azapagic and Heinz Stichnothe 7 Scenario Building and Uncertainties: Options for Energy Sources 170 Richard Darton 8 Fuel Cells in Stationary Applications: Energy for the Future? 189 Martin Pehnt 9 Sustainability of Nuclear Power 211 Adisa Azapagic and Slobodan Perdan 10 Municipal Solid Waste Management: Recovering Energy from Waste 261 Adisa Azapagic 11 Sustainability Issues in Food Provisioning Systems 326 Adisa Azapagic, Heinz Stichnothe and Namy Espinoza-Orias 12 Providing Sustainable Sanitation 348 Richard Fenner and Amparo Flores 13 Sustainable Process Design: The Case of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) 374 Adisa Azapagic 14 Urban Sustainability: The Case of Transport 420 Slobodan Perdan and Adisa Azapagic 15 Aviation and its Response to Environmental Pressure 449 Alice Bows and Kevin Anderson 16 Health Impact Assessment of Urban Pollution 467 Zaid Chalabi and Tony Fletcher 17 Social and Ethical Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Mining in Kakadu National Park 483 Slobodan Perdan Index 511

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Book SynopsisA one-stop resource for quantitative environmental science methodology, this guide walks readers through their research project from the initial stages of choosing a suitable topic, conducting the relevant experiments, and interpreting the data through an effective presentation of the results.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgement 1. General strategies for completing your research project successfully. 1.1 Introduction – why is this book necessary? 1.2 What on earth am I going to do for my research project? 1.3 Fundamentals of scientific research, the generation and testing of hypotheses (see also Chapter 3). 1.4 What constitutes research? Distinguishing between monitoring and research 1.5 Project planning 1.6 Conducting your project safely 1.7 How to conduct a literature review (see also chapter 7) 1.8 How to be a research student 1.9 How to manage your supervisor 1.10 Summary 2. Gathering your data. 2.1 Different types of data 2.2 Designing an experimental research project 2.3 How reliable are your data? 3. How to summarise your data. 3.1 Descriptive statistics 3.2 Probabilities and data distributions 3.3 Choosing the appropriate statistical test 4. Testing hypotheses. 4.1 Coincidence or causality? 4.2 Relationships and differences 4.3 Testing for differences 5. Spotting relationships. 5.1 Linear regression – to what extent does one factor influence another? 5.2 Multiple linear regression – to what extent is a given variable influenced by a range of other variables? 5.3 Non-linear regression 5.4 Pattern recognition 6. Making sense of past, present and future systems – mathematical modelling. 6.1 What is a model? 6.2 Functions of models 6.3 Which type of model should I use? 6.4 How do I build a model? 6.5 Steps in developing a model 6.6 Illustrative case study 7. Presenting your work. 7.1 Getting started – strategies for successful writing 7.2 How to write your dissertation 7.3 How to represent graphically your data 7.4 How to cite references 7.5 How to defend your work in an oral exam 7.6 How to make effective oral presentations 7.7 Summary Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines all techniques used in the thermal and materials sciences, fluid engineering and engineering mechanics to foster an understanding of the engineering design process from the recognition of a need and the definition of design objectives through product certification and manufacturing of a prototype.Table of ContentsThe Engineering Design Process. Managing Design Projects. Modeling and Simulation. Design Analyses for Material Selection. Engineering Economics. Optimization in Design. Statistical Decisions. Design for Reliability. Safety and Environmental Protection. Engineering Ethics. Communications in Engineering.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the fundamentals of environmental engineering and applications in water quality, air quality, and hazardous waste management. It begins by describing the fundamental principles that serve as the foundation of the entire field of environmental engineering.Table of ContentsFUNDAMENTALS. Overview. Water, Air, and Their Impurities. Transformation Processes. Transport Phenomena. Transport and Transformation Models. APPLICATIONS. Water Quality Engineering. Air Quality Engineering. Hazardous Waste Management. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisMaster the fundamental math skills necessary to quantify andevaluate a broad range of environmental questions. Environmental issues are often quantitative--how much land, howmany people, what amount of pollution. Computer programs areuseful, but there is no substitute for being able to use a simplecalculation to slice through to the crux of the problem. Having agrasp of how the factors interact and whether the results makesense allows one to explain and argue a point of view forcefully todiverse audiences. With an engaging, down-to-earth style and practical problem-solvingapproach, Ecological Numeracy makes it easy to understand andmaster basic mathematical concepts and techniques that areapplicable to life-cycle assessment, energy consumption, land use,pollution generation, and a broad range of other environmentalissues. Robert Herendeen brings the numbers to life with dozens offascinating, often entertaining examples and problems. Requiring only a moderate Table of ContentsContext and Acclimatization. Contributions to Environmental Impact: Analyzing the Components ofChange. Consequences of Exponential (Geometric) Growth. End-Use Analysis and Predicting Future Demand. Economic Considerations, Discount Rates, and Benefit-CostAnalysis. Limits. Dynamics, Stocks and Flows, Age Class Effects. Indirect Effects. Shared Resources and the Tragedy of the Commons. The Automobile: A Powerful Problem. Ecological Economics and Sustainability. Thermodynamics and Energy Efficiency. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental technicians are often the ones who must prepare the paperwork: the Material Safety Data Sheets required by OSHA; the letters of explanation or response; the observational reports of incidents; or the reporting forms for the many chemical use, management, and discharge laws enforced by the EPA.Table of ContentsCommunication Skills Overview. Writing and Technical Writing Basics. Letters and Memos. Technical Documents. Environmental Compliance Forms. Oral Communication. Communication Skills Overview. Interpersonal Skills. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA concise up-to-date guide to all aspects of environmental pollution and cleanup. Human invention and innovation have brought about tremendous improvements in the quality of life of millions of people around the world today-but progress has its price. Environmental pollution is rapidly attacking the Earth's ecosphere.Trade Review"This would be an excellent addition for science libraries with environmental collections. College libraries and large public libraries will also find this to be a great addition." (E-Streams, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2000) "...will undoubtedly be a welcome addition to any institutional library or consultancy bookshelf..." "...a valuable resource to those teaching in this subject domain..." (Env Sci & Pollution Res, Vol 7/1, 2000)Table of ContentsAir pollution; environmental law and regulation; environmental sampling and analysis; hazardous waste cleanup; pollution in the biosphere; waste reclamation; health effects of pollution; transport of waste; nuclear waste; regulatory and economic policies.

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Book SynopsisThis six-volume set provides a comprehensive look at the field of environmental microbiology. It covers all aspects including aquatic microbiology, biodegradation, environmental biotechnology, public health, and water treatment microbiology.Trade Review"...truly is an encyclopedia in the best sense of the word...cannot recommend it too highly..." (ChemBioChem, Vol 4(8), 2003)Table of ContentsArticle Title. Activated Sludge - Foaming. Activated Sludge - G-Bacteria. Activated Sludge - Microbiology of Nitrogen Removal. Activated Sludge - Molecular Techniques for Determining Community Composition. Activated Sludge - Sequencing Batch Reactors. Activated Sludge - The Floc. Activated sludge - the process. Activated Sludge - The Protozoa. Activated Sludge Models - Microbiological Basis. Activated Sludge- The Microbial Community. Adenoviruses. Adhesion (primary) of Microorganisms onto Surfaces. Adhesion, immobilization and retention of microorganisms on solid substrata. AEROBIC ALKALIPHILES. Aerobic Respiration, Principles of. Aerobic Spores: Application in monitoring drinking water treatment. Aeromonas hydrophilia. Aggregates and Consortia, Microbial. Airborne Toxogenic Molds. Algae Biotechnology. Algal Blooms - Impact on Treatment, Taste and Odor Problems. Algal Turf Scrubbing: Potential Use For Wastewater Treatment. Alkaliphiles: Alkaline Enzymes and their Applications. Anaerobic Granules and Granulation Processes. Archaea in biotechnology. Archaea in Marine Environments. Archaea in soil Habitats. Archea: Detection Methods. Assimilable Organic Carbon. Astroviruses. Bacterial Phytostimulators in the Rhizosphere: from Research to Application. Bacteriophage Detection Methodologies. Bacteriophage of Enteric Bacteria: Occurrence and Persistence in the Environment. Bacteriophage: Basic biology. Bateriophage as indicators. Bioaerosol Sampling and Analysis. Bioaerosols in Agricultural Outdoor Settings. Bioaerosols in Industrial Settings. Bioaerosols: Transport and Fate. Bioaugmentation. Biochip-based devices and methods in microbial community ribotyping in environmental microbiology. BioContaminants in Residential Environments, Bacterial. Biocontrol, microbial agents in soil. Biocorrosion: Role of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria. Biodegradability: Methods for assessing biodegradability under laboratory and field conditions. Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon in Drinking Water. Biodeterioration of Mineral Materials. Biodiversity in soils: Use of Molecular Methods for its Characterization. Biofilm Detachment. Biofilms in natural and drinking water systems. Biofilms in the Food Industry. Biofilms: Bacterial-fungal biofilms. Biofiltration. Biofouling in the Marine Environment. Biofouling Industrial System. Biofouling: Chemical Control of Biofouling in Water Systems. Bioleaching. Bioleaching of metals. Bioluminescence, Methodology. Biomass: Soil Microbial Biomass. Biomineralization in Subsurface Environment. Bioplastics. Bioremediation of Soils. Bioremediation: An Overview of How Microbiological Processes Can be Applied to the cleanup of organic and inorganic environmental pollutants. Bioremediation: Aquatic Ecosystems. Biosolids: Anaerobic Digestion of. Biosurfactants: Types, Screening Methods and Applications. Bioterrorism. Biotrickling filters for air pollution control. Bottled Water, Microbiology of. Campylobacter jejuni and other Enteric Campylobacter. Carbon Transformations and Activity in Biofilms. Caves and Mines: Microbiological Sampling. Caves and Other Low-Light Environments: Aerophitic Photoautotrophic Microorganisms. Chemical weapons, biodegradation of. Cholera. Clostridium. Coagulation - Pathogens and parasites removal by. COLD SHOCK. Cold-Adapted Microorganisms: Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Potential. Coliform Bacteria - Control in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Water Quality. Compost: Biodegradation of Toxic Organic Compounds. Conditioning films in Aquatic Environment. Cretaceous Shales and Sandstones. Cryptosporidium: Basic Biology and Epidemiology. Cyanobacteria - Toxins in drinking water. Cyanobacteria in aquatic environments (freshwater and marine). Cyclospora: Basic Biology, occurrence fate and methodologies. Data Analysis and Modeling. Denitrification in the Marine Environment. Desert Environments: Biological Soil Crusts. DESERT ENVIRONMENTS--SOIL COMMUNITIES IN COLD DESERTS. Desication by Exposure to Space Vacuum and extremely Dry Desserts: Effects on Microorganisms. Desulfurization of Fossil Fuels. Diatoms in biofilms. Disinfection of protozoa. Disinfection: Chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide. Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Ecological Significance of Subsurface Microorganisms. EndolithicMicroorganisms in Arid Regions. Endosymbiosis in Ecology and Evolution. Enhanced Detection of Airborne Microorganisms. Entamoeba Histolytica: Entamoeba Dispar. Enteroviruses in Water: Concentration and Dectection. Enteroviruses: Basic Biology and Diseases. Enteroviruses: Occurrence and Persistence in the Environment. Enzymes: Biotechnological Applications. Eutrophication and algae. Evolution of Matabolic Pathways. Explosives, biodegradation of. Extracellular Enzymes in Biofilms. Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Structural, Ecological and Technical Aspects. Extremophiles: Life in Extreme Environments. Fate and Microbial Degradation of Halogenated Aromatics. Fate of viruses or protozoan parasites in aquatic sediments? Fecal Contamination, Sources of. Fecal Streptococi/Enterococci in Aquatic Environments. Field release of bacteria. Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge: Current Taxonomic Status and Ecology. Filamentous Bulking in Activated Sludge: Control of. Filtration - Removal of Microbes by. Flooded soils. Fluorescent In-situ rRNA Probes for Microbial Labeling in Environmental Samples. Free-Living Amebas Present in the Environment can Cause Meningoencephalitis in Humans and Other Animals. Freeze Drying: Preservation of Microorganisms by Freeze-Drying. Fungal Allergy and Allergens. Fungal Contaminants. Fungi and Indoor Air. Fungi in Marine/Estuarine Waters. Fungi, for Biotechnology. Gallionella ferruginea: An Iron-Oxidizing and Stalk-Forming Groundwater Bacterium. Gene exchange in biofilms. Genetically engineered microorganisms For Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Compounds. Genetically Modified Microorganisms (GMM) in Soil Environments. Genomics, Environmental. Geological and Geochemical Significance of Subsurface Microorganisms. Giardia: Basic Biology. Giardia: Detection and Occurrence of in the Environment. Green Fluorescent Protein. Halophiles: Aerobic Halophilic Microorganisms. Halophiles: Anaerobic Prokaryotes for Hypersaline Environments. Helicobacter pylori. Hepatitis Viruses (HAV-HEV). Heterotrophic Bacteria. High Hydrostatic Pressure: Microbial Inactivation and Food Preservation. Home Treatment Devices - Microbiology of Point of Use and Point of Entry Devices. Hot Desert Soil Communities. Human Caliciviruses: Basic Virology and Epidemiology. Hydrophobicity of Microorganisms. Hydrothermal Vents: Biodiversity in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents. Hydrothermal vents: Prokaryotes in Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. Hyperthermophiles. Identification of Airborne Fungi. Identification of Microbial Isolates. Igneous Rock Aquifers Microbial Communities. Image Analysis in Microorganisms. Infectious Airborne Pathogens. Influence, activity, and growth of subsurface microfilms in petroleum reservoirs. Inorganic Nutrient Use by Marine Microorganisms. Insecticides, microbial. Invertebrate and Protozoa (Free Living) in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Isospora Basic Biology. Kinetics (microbial): Theory and Applications. Kinetics of Microbial Processes and Population Growth in Soil. Landfilling of Municipal Wastes. Laser Scanning Microsopy in combination with Flourescence Techniques for Biofilms Study. Legionella in the Environment: Persistence, Evolution, and Pathogenicity. Legionellae. Leptospirosis. Lipid Biomarkers in Environmental Microbiology. Lithotrophic Microbial Ecosystems in the Subsurface. Luciferase and Green Flourescent protein as Bioreporters in Microbial Systems. Lyme borreliosis. Marine Biofilms, Ecology of. Marine Biotechnology. Meroplankton. Metabolism of Mixtures of Pollutants. Metal (U,Fe, Mn, Hg) cycling. Metal Stressed Environments, Bacteria In. Metals: microbial processes affecting metals. Methanogenesis in the Marine Environment. Methanotrophic bacteria. Methanotrophic Bacteria: Use in Bioremediation. Methods for flow cytometry & Cell Sorting. Microarrays: Applications in Environmental Microbiology. Microbial Degradation of Fuel Oxygenates. Microbial Diversity of Petroleum Reservoirs. Microbial Flocs suspended biofilms. Microbial Starvation Survival in Subsurface Environments. Microbial Water Quality of Rainwater Roof Catchment Systems. Microbiology of Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifers and other Unconsolidated subsurface sediments. Microbiology of Deep High-Temperature Sedimentary Environments. Microbiology of Granular Activated Carbon. Microorganisms in Soil: factors influencing activity. Microsporidia, Occurrence, fate and methodologies. Microsporidia: Basic biology. Modeling of biofilms. Modeling the Transport of Bioaerosols. Mycobacterium Avium complex. Mycorrhizae: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae: Ectomycorrhizal fungi. Neuston Microbiology: Life at the Air Water Interface. Nitrification in Aquatic Systems. Nitrifying Bacteria in Drinking Water. Nitrogen Cycle in the Marine Environment. Nitrogen fixation in soils - free living microbes. Nitrogen fixation in soils (Symbiotic). Nitrogen fixation in the Marine Environment. Norwalk-Like Viruses: Detection Methodologies and Environmental Fate. Nosocomial Infections. Nuclear Waste Repository in Yucca Mountain: Microbiological Aspects. Occurence of Protozoa in Spent Filter Backwash Water. OLIGOTROPHIC BACTERIA. Oxygen: Effect on Marine Microbial Communities. Oxygenase Enzymes: Role in Biodegradation. Paleolimnology: Use of Algal Pigments as Indicators. Paleolimnology: Use of Siliceous Structures of Chrysophytes as Biological Indicators in Freshwater Systems. Paleolimnology: Use of Siliceous Structures of Chrysophytes as Biological Indicators in Freshwater Systems. Parasitic Protozoa: Fate in Wastewater treatment plants. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Pathogens in environmental biofilms. Periphyton. Permafrost. Pesticide Degradation in Soils. Petroleum and Other Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation of. Pfiesteria. Phosphorus cycling in the marine environment: role of bacteria in. Phototrophic Anoxygenic Bacteria in Marine and Hypersaline Environments. Phylogenetically-Based Methods in Microbial Ecology. Pigments: Photosynthetic bacterial and algal pigments in the marine environment. Planktonic algae in the Marine environment. Planktonic Microorganisms: Bacterioplankton. Plant-Microbe interactions in the Marine Environment. Polar Marine Phytoplankton. Primary Productivity in the Marine Environment. Prochlorococcus. Protein profile analysis of aquatic microorganisms. Protistan Communities in Groundwater. Protozoa in Marine/estuarine waters. Protozoan Ciliates in Freshwater Ecosystems. Pseudomonas. Psychrophilic Bacteria: Isolation and Characterization. Pulp and Paper Industry: Microbiological Aspects of. Quantification of Microbial Biomass. Radioactive Waste Disposal. Red Tides and other Harmful Algal Blooms. Reductive Dehalogenation. Regulation of the Commercial use of Microorganisms. Rhizosphere Microbiology. Ribotyping Methods for Assessment of in situ Microbial Community Structure. Risk assessment of environmental exposure to viruses. Rotaviruses. Salinity Effects on the Physiology of Soil Microorganisms. Salmonella in Aquatic Environments. SALT PRODUCTION. Sampling Techniques for Environmental Microbiology. Sea Ice Microorganisms. Seagrasses Communities. Sediments: Sulfate Reduction in Marine Sediments. Shigella. Snow and Ice Environments. Soil and Soil Microorganisms. Soil Bacteria. Soil distribution of microorganisms. Soil Enzymes. Soil Fungi: Nature's Nutritional Network. Soil Genetic Ecology. Soil Nitrogen Cycle. Soil quality: the role of microorganisms. Sorption properties of biofilms. Source water Protection: Microbiology of Source Water. Space Microbiology - Microgravity Effects. Space Microbiology: Effects of Ironizing Radiation on Microorganisms in Space. Spas and Hot Tubs Microbiology. Storage Polymers and their Role in the Ecology of Activated Sludge. Stream Microbiology. Stress response in Archaea. Stress Response in Bacteria: Heat Shock. Stress response, in bacteria. SUBAERIAL COMMUNITIES. Subsurface Microbial Communities: Diversity of Culturable Microorganisms. Subsurface Samples: Collection and Processing. Sulfate reducing bacteria: Technological and environmental application. Sulfur Bacteria in Drinking Water. Sulfur Cycle in Soils. Sustainable Agriculture: Role of Microorganisms. Thermophiles, Diversity of. Thermophiles: Anaerobic Alkalithermophiles. Toxicity of Organic Solvents in Microorganisms. Toxicity testing in soils: use of microbial and enzymatic tests. Toxicity Testing in Wastewater Treatment. Toxoplasma gondii. Trace gases, soil. Tracers in Groundwater: Use of Microorganisms and Microspheres. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis in Ribotyping of Microbial Communities. Use of Cold Adapted Microorganisms in Biotechnology. Use of microscopic algae in toxicity testing. UV Disinfection- Theory to Practice. Vadose-Zone Microbiology. VIABLE BUT NOT CULTURABLE (VBNC) MICROORGANISMS. Viral Disinfection. Virus Aerosols. Virus Survival in Soils. VIRUS TRANSPORT and Modeling IN THE SUBSURFACE (saturated zone). Viruses and protozoan parasites in food including methodology. Viruses in Drinking Water and Ground water. Viruses in the Marine Environment. Volcanic Tuffs: Deep Subsurface Microbiology of. Wastewater and Biosolids as Sources of Airborne Microorganisms. Wastewater Microbiology - Biofiltration and Bioodor Removal. Wastewater Treatment - Septic Tank Systems. Wastewater Treatment - Stabilization Ponds. Wastewater Treatment Microbiology - Growth Kinetics of Microbes In Situ. Water fungi as decomposers in freshwater ecosystems. Weathering, Microbial. Weathering: Mineral Weathering and Microbial Metabolism. Wetlands and Reedbeds for Wastewater Treatment. Wetlands: Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants.

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Book SynopsisOne-stop, step-by-step guidance in the how of EIS project andstrategic planning This outstanding guide focuses on the Environmental ImpactStatement (EIS) not merely as a document to be prepared, but as aprocess and framework for the planning of programs and projects. Itpresents state-of-the-art strategies, tools, techniques, andmethodologies for managing EIS projects of any size and emphasizespractical approaches to problems that have traditionally hinderedNational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance andpractice. This single, comprehensive volume synthesizes and describes allrelevant guidance and requirements that the EIS document mustsatisfy and illustrates relevant requirements with lessons fromcase law. Employing an incremental, building-block approach todescribe the entire EIS planning process in complete detail, thisindispensable handbook guides readers through each step of theprocess and provides: * Step-by-step guidance on using the Total Federal PlaTrade Review..."This indispensable handbook, guides readers through each step of the process of EIS and provides systems planning for rendering the early decision making process more efficient and effective."(Current Liturature on Science of Science, July/August 2001)Table of ContentsInitiating the EIS Process: An Integrated and SystematicApproach. Preparing the EIS: An Integrated and Systematic Approach. The Environmental Impact Statement: DocumentationRequirements. Implementing the Agency's Decision. Total Federal Planning: A Unifying Strategy for Integrating FederalPlanning. Appendices. Glossary. About the Author. Index.

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Book SynopsisSTATISTICS IN PRACTICE A practical exploration of alternative approaches to analyzing water-related environmental issues Written by an experienced environmentalist and recognized expert in the field, this text is designed to help water resource managers and scientists to formulate, implement, and interpret more effective methods of water quality management. After presenting the basic foundation for using statistical methods in water resource management, including the use of appropriate hypothesis test procedures and some rapid calculation procedures, the author offers a range of practical problems and solutions on environmental topics that often arise, but are not generally covered. These include: * Formulating water quality standards * Determining compliance with standards * MPNs and microbiology * Water-related, human health risk modeling * Trends, impacts, concordance, and detection limits In order to promote awareness of aTrade Review"…illustrates the myriads of ways that statistical methods are needed for research and management related to water." (Journal of the American Statistical Association, September 2007) "...well-written, clearly organized and quite comprehensive...this book should be a welcome addition to every water quality management library." (Ecological Engineering, January 2007) "Managers…should…benefit from the wise advice on interpreting the results of analysis." (Journal of Environmental Quality, March/April 2006) "…any groundwater scientist will certainly get considerable benefit from trying to acquire some of the knowledge put forth in this excellent book." (Technometrics, February 2006)Table of ContentsList of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. PART I: ISSUES. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics. 3. Intervals. 4. Hypothesis Testing. 5. Detection. 6. Mathematics and Calculation Methods. 7. Formulating Water Quality Standards. 8. Percentile Standards (and the Reverend Bayes). 9. Microbial Water Quality and Human Health. 10. MPNs and Microbiology. 11. Trends, Impacts, Concordance, Detection Limits. 12. Answers to Exerciser. References. Author Index. Topic Index. Appendix: Statistical Tables.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edition, describes the rapidly developing field of near-surface geophysics. The book covers a range of applications including mineral, hydrocarbon and groundwater exploration, and emphasises the use of geophysics in civil engineering and in environmental investigations. Following on from the international popularity of the first edition, this new, revised, and much expanded edition contains additional case histories, and descriptions of geophysical techniques not previously included in such textbooks. The level of mathematics and physics is deliberately kept to a minimum but is described qualitatively within the text. Relevant mathematical expressions are separated into boxes to supplement the text. The book is profusely illustrated with many figures, photographs and line drawings, many never previously published. Key source literature is provided in an extensive reference section; a list ofTrade Review"A course using it will provide as much geophysics as many want or need, he says, but can also establish a foundation for more advanced courses. It discusses some topics rarely covered in introductory texts, such as geophysical survey design and line optimization techniques, image processing of potential field data, recent developments in high-resolution seismic reflection profiling, and electrical resistivity sub-surface imaging." (Book News, 1 August 2011) Table of ContentsPreface to the 2nd Edition xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What are ‘applied’ and ‘environmental’ geophysics? 1 1.2 Geophysical methods 3 1.3 Matching geophysical methods to applications 5 1.4 Planning a geophysical survey 5 1.5 Geophysical survey design 9 2 Gravity Methods 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Physical basis 19 2.3 Measurement of gravity 24 2.4 Gravity meters 26 2.5 Corrections to gravity observations 34 2.6 Interpretation methods 45 2.7 Applications and case histories 59 3 Geomagnetic Methods 83 3.1 Introduction 83 3.2 Basic concepts and units of geomagnetism 83 3.3 Magnetic properties of rocks 87 3.4 The Earth’s magnetic field 89 3.5 Magnetic instruments 95 3.6 Magnetic surveying 100 3.7 Qualitative interpretation 103 3.8 Quantitative interpretation 107 3.9 Applications and case histories 123 4 Applied Seismology: Introduction and Principles 143 4.1 Introduction 143 4.2 Seismic waves 144 4.3 Raypath geometry in layered ground 149 4.4 Loss of seismic energy 152 4.5 Seismic energy sources 154 4.6 Detection and recording of seismic waves 169 5 Seismic Refraction Surveying 179 5.1 Introduction 179 5.2 General principles of refraction surveying 179 5.3 Geometry of refracted raypaths 182 5.4 Interpretational methods 186 5.5 Applications and case histories 193 5.6 Shear wave methods 208 6 Seismic Reflection Surveying 217 6.1 Introduction 217 6.2 Reflection surveys 217 6.3 Reflection data processing 228 6.4 Correlating seismic data with borehole logs and cones 246 6.5 Interpretation 250 6.6 Applications 257 7 Electrical Resistivity Methods 289 7.1 Introduction 289 7.2 Basic principles 289 7.3 Electrode configurations and geometric factors 293 7.4 Modes of deployment 301 7.5 Interpretation methods 311 7.6 ERT applications and case histories 326 7.7 Mise-`a-la-masse (MALM) method 336 7.8 Leak detection through artificial membranes 346 8 Spontaneous (Self) Potential Methods 349 8.1 Introduction 349 8.2 Occurrence of self-potentials 349 8.3 Origin of self-potentials 349 8.4 Measurement of self-potentials 353 8.5 Corrections to SP data 354 8.6 Interpretation of self-potential anomalies 354 8.7 Applications and case histories 357 8.8 Electrokinetic (EK) surveying 371 9 Induced Polarisation 373 9.3 Measurement of induced polarisation 376 9.4 Applications and case histories 384 10 Electromagnetic Methods: Introduction and Principles 403 10.1 Introduction 403 10.2 Principles of EM surveying 407 10.3 Airborne EM surveying 411 10.4 Seaborne EM surveying 418 10.5 Borehole EM surveying 426 11 Electromagnetic Methods: Systems and Applications 431 11.1 Introduction 431 11.2 Continuous-wave (CW) systems 431 11.3 Pulse-transient (TEM) or time-domain (TDEM) EM systems 467 12 Electromagnetic Methods: Systems and Applications II 495 12.1 Very-low-frequency (VLF) methods 495 12.2 The telluric method 502 12.3 The magnetotelluric (MT) method 505 12.4 Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) 519 13 Introduction to Ground-Penetrating Radar 535 13.1 Introduction 535 13.2 Principles of operation 537 13.3 Propagation of radiowaves 539 13.4 Dielectric properties of earth materials 546 13.5 Modes of data acquisition 552 13.6 Data processing 554 13.7 Interpretation techniques 560 14 Ground-Penetrating Radar: Applications and Case Histories 565 14.1 Geological mapping 565 14.2 Hydrogeology and groundwater contamination 571 14.3 Glaciological applications 578 14.4 Engineering applications on manmade structures 587 14.5 Voids within manmade structures 599 14.6 Archaeological investigations 603 14.7 Forensic uses of GPR 607 14.8 Wide-aperture radar mapping and migration processing 607 14.9 Borehole radar 609 14.10 UXO and landmine detection 617 14.11 Animals 618 15 Radiometrics 625 15.1 Introduction 625 15.2 Natural radiation 625 15.3 Radioactivity of rocks 628 15.4 Radiation detectors 628 15.5 Data correction methods 633 15.6 Radiometric data presentation 635 15.7 Case histories 636 Appendix 645 References 649 Index 681

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Book SynopsisIn modern society, we are ever more aware of the environmentalissues we face, whether these relate to global warming, depletionof rivers and oceans, despoliation of forests, pollution of land,poor air quality, environmental health issues, etc. At the mostfundamental level it is necessary to monitor what is happening inthe environment - collecting data to describe the changingscene. More importantly, it is crucial to formally describe theenvironment with sound and validated models, and to analyse andinterpret the data we obtain in order to take action. Environmental Statistics provides a broad overview of thestatistical methodology used in the study of the environment,written in an accessible style by a leading authority on thesubject. It serves as both a textbook for students of environmentalstatistics, as well as a comprehensive source of reference foranyone working in statistical investigation of environmentalissues. * Provides broad coverage of the methodology used in tTrade Review"Inspired by the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, SecondEdition (ESS2e), this volume presents a concise, well-rounded focuson the statistical concepts and applications that are essential forunderstanding gathered data in the fields of engineering, qualitycontrol, and the physical sciences. The book successfully upholdsthe goals of ESS2e by combining both previously-published and newlydeveloped contributions written by over 100 leading academics,researchers, and practitioner in a comprehensive, approachableformat. The result is a succinct reference that unveils modern,cutting-edge approaches to acquiring and analyzing data acrossdiverse subject areas within these three disciplines, includingoperations research, chemistry, physics, the earth sciences,electrical engineering, and quality assurance." (Finwin, 7September 2011) "In this book, Vic Barnett, a distinguished environmentalstatistician, provides an overview of statistical methods that havebeen used on such problems in the environmental sciences."(Journal of the American Statistical Association, September2006) "...combines sound fundamentals and their applications."(European Journal of Soil Science, No.56, April 2005) "Many tables, graphs and figures illustrate the environmentalapplications of the statistical methods that are described."(Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A,Vol.168, No.2, March 2005) "...well written...methods are illustrated with interestingexamples...a comprehensive reference source for anyone working onenvironmental issues..." (Short Book Reviews, Vol.24, No.3,December 2004) "Statisticians should enjoy the book. The author is an extremelyknowledgeable statistician, and he is writing about an applicationdomain that he clearly knows." (Technometrics, November2004) "An excellent book. Highly recommended." (Choice, July2004) "...this provides an excellent sketch of the current state ofdevelopment for new statistical methodologies...a valuableresource..." (Statistics in Medicine, 15th August 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Tomorrow is too Late! 1.2 Environmental Statistics. 1.3 Some Examples. 1.3.1 ‘Getting it all together’. 1.3.2 ‘In time and space’. 1.3.3 ‘Keep it simple’. 1.3.4 ‘How much can we take?’ 1.3.5 ‘Over the top’. 1.4 Fundamentals. 1.5 Bibliography. PART I: EXTREMAL STRESSES: EXTREMES, OUTLIERS, ROBUSTNESS. Chapter 2: Ordering and Extremes: Applications, models, inference. 2.1 Ordering the Sample. 2.1.1 Order statistics. 2.2 Order-based Inference. 2.3 Extremes and Extremal Processes. 2.3.1 Practical study and empirical models; generalized extreme-value distributions. 2.4 Peaks over Thresholds and the Generalized Pareto Distribution. Chapter 3: Outliers and Robustness. 3.1 What is an Outlier? 3.2 Outlier Aims and Objectives. 3.3 Outlier-Generating Models. 3.3.1 Discordancy and models for outlier generation. 3.3.2 Tests of discordancy for specific distributions. 3.4 Multiple Outliers: Masking and Swamping. 3.5 Accommodation: Outlier-Robust Methods. 3.6 A Possible New Approach to Outliers. 3.7 Multivariate Outliers. 3.8 Detecting Multivariate Outliers. 3.8.1 Principles. 3.8.2 Informal methods. 3.9 Tests of Discordancy. 3.10 Accommodation. 3.11 Outliers in linear models. 3.12 Robustness in General. PART II: COLLECTING ENVIRONMENTAL DATA: SAMPLING AND MONITORING. Chapter 4: Finite-Population Sampling. 4.1 A Probabilistic Sampling Scheme. 4.2 Simple Random Sampling. 4.2.1 Estimating the mean, &Xmacr;. 4.2.2 Estimating the variance, S2. 4.2.3 Choice of sample size, n. 4.2.4 Estimating the population total, XT. 4.2.5 Estimating a proportion, P. 4.3 Ratios and Ratio Estimators. 4.3.1 The estimation of a ratio. 4.3.2 Ratio estimator of a population total or mean. 4.4 Stratified (simple) Random Sampling. 4.4.1 Comparing the simple random sample mean and the stratified sample mean. 4.4.2 Choice of sample sizes. 4.4.3 Comparison of proportional allocation and optimum allocation. 4.4.4 Optimum allocation for estimating proportions. 4.5 Developments of Survey Sampling. Chapter 5: Inaccessible and Sensitive Data. 5.1 Encountered Data. 5.2 Length-Biased or Size-Biased Sampling and Weighted Distributions. 5.2.1 Weighted distribution methods. 5.3 Composite Sampling. 5.3.1 Attribute Sampling. 5.3.2 Continuous variables. 5.3.3 Estimating mean and variance. 5.4 Ranked-Set Sampling. 5.4.1 The ranked-set sample mean. 5.4.2 Optimal estimation. 5.4.3 Ranked-set sampling for normal and exponential distributions. 5.4.4 Imperfect ordering. Chapter 6: Sampling in the Wild. 6.1 Quadrat Sampling. 6.2 Recapture Sampling. 6.2.1 The Petersen and Chapman estimators. 6.2.2 Capture–recapture methods in open populations. 6.3 Transect Sampling. 6.3.1 The simplest case: strip transects. 6.3.2 Using a detectability function. 6.3.3 Estimating f (y). 6.3.4 Modifications of approach. 6.3.5 Point transects or variable circular plots. 6.4 Adaptive Sampling. 6.4.1 Simple models for adaptive sampling. Part III: EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: STIMULUS–RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS. Chapter 7: Relationship: regression-type models and methods. 7.1 Linear Models. 7.1.1 The linear model. 7.1.2 The extended linear model. 7.1.3 The normal linear model. 7.2 Transformations. 7.2.1 Looking at the data. 7.2.2 Simple transformations. 7.2.3 General transformations. 7.3 The Generalized Linear Model. Chapter 8: Special Relationship Models, Including Quantal Response and Repeated Measures. 8.1 Toxicology Concerns. 8.2 Quantal Response. 8.3 Bioassay. 8.4 Repeated Measures. Part IV: STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. Chapter 9: Environmental Standards. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The Statistically Verifiable Ideal Standard. 9.2.1 Other sampling methods. 9.3 Guard Point Standards. 9.4 Standards Along the Cause–Effect Chain. Part V: A MANY-DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PROCESSES. Chapter 10: Time-Series Methods. 10.1 Space and Time Effects. 10.2 Time Series. 10.3 Basic Issues. 10.4 Descriptive Methods. 10.4.1 Estimating or eliminating trend. 10.4.2 Periodicities. 10.4.3 Stationary time series. 10.5 Time-Domain Models and Methods. 10.6 Frequency-Domain Models and Methods. 10.6.1 Properties of the spectral representation. 10.6.2 Outliers in time series. 10.7 Point Processes. 10.7.1 The Poisson process. 10.7.2 Other point processes. Chapter 11: Spatial Methods for Environmental Processes. 11.1 Spatial Point Process Models and Methods. 11.2 The General Spatial Process. 11.2.1 Predication, interpolation and kriging. 11.2.2 Estimation of the variogram. 11.2.3 Other forms of kriging. 11.3 More about Standards Over Space and Time. 11.4 Relationship. 11.5 More about Spatial Models. 11.5.1 Types of spatial model. 11.5.2 Harmonic analysis of spatial processes. 11.6 Spatial Sampling and Spatial Design. 11.6.1 Spatial sampling. 11.6.2 Spatial design. 11.7 Spatial-Temporal Models and Methods. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisVegetation Description and Data Analysis: A PracticalApproach, Second Edition is a fully revised and up-datededition of this key text. The book takes account of recent advancesin the field whilst retaining the original reader-friendly approachto the coverage of vegetation description and multivariate analysisin the context of vegetation data and plant ecology. Since the publication of the hugely popular first edition therehave been significant developments in computer hardware andsoftware, new key journals have been established in the field andscope and application of vegetation description and analysis hasbecome a truly global field. This new edition includes fullcoverage of new developments and technologies. This contemporary and comprehensive edition of this well-known andrespected textbook will prove invaluable to undergraduate andgraduate students in biological sciences, environmental science,geography, botany, agriculture, forestry and biologicalconservation. * FTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition ix Acknowledgements xi Safety in the field xiii Chapter 1 The nature of quantitative plant ecology andvegetation science 1 Chapter 2 Environmental gradients, plant communities andvegetation dynamics 23 Chapter 3 The description of vegetation in the field 49 Chapter 4 The nature and properties of vegetation data 101 Chapter 5 Basic statistical methods for understandingmultivariate analysis 139 Chapter 6 Ordination methods 171 Chapter 7 Phytosociology and the Z¨urich-Montpellier(Braun-Blanquet) School of subjective classification 273 Chapter 8 Numerical classification, cluster analysis andphytosociology 307 Chapter 9 Computer software for the analysis of vegetation andenvironmental/biotic data 359 Chapter 10 Future developments in vegetation science andquantitative plant ecology 369 References 371 Index 403

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Book SynopsisAll students and researchers in environmental and biological sciences require statistical methods at some stage of their work. Many have a preconception that statistics are difficult and unpleasant and find that the textbooks available are difficult to understand. Practical Statistics for Environmental and Biological Scientists provides a concise, user-friendly, non-technical introduction to statistics. The book covers planning and designing an experiment, how to analyse and present data, and the limitations and assumptions of each statistical method. The text does not refer to a specific computer package but descriptions of how to carry out the tests and interpret the results are based on the approaches used by most of the commonly used packages, e.g. Excel, MINITAB and SPSS. Formulae are kept to a minimum and relevant examples are included throughout the text.Trade Review"The reassuring tone and straightforward approach of the book would be a useful guide...” (Biochemistry and Molecular Education, July/August 2002) "...covers the basics of designing an experiment/survey, data analysis and presentation, and specific methods." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...a good and clear exposition of basic statistical techniques..." (Biometrics, December 2002) "…This no-nonsense approach to elementary statistics should get you or your student started…" (European Journal of Soil Science, March 2003) "...This book provides a concise, userfriendly, non-technical introduction to statistics". (Metrohm Information, Vol.32, No.1, 2003)Table of ContentsPreface ix Part I Statistics Basics 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Do you need statistics? 3 1.2 What is statistics? 4 1.3 Some important lessons I have learnt 5 1.4 Statistics is getting easier 6 1.5 Integrity in statistics 7 1.6 About this book 8 2 A Brief Tutorial on Statistics 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Variability 9 2.3 Samples and populations 10 2.4 Summary statistics 11 2.5 The basis of statistical tests 19 2.6 Limitations of statistical tests 24 3 Before You Start 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 What statistical methods are available? 28 3.3 Surveys and experiments 33 3.4 Designing experiments and surveys — preliminaries 35 3.5 Summary 43 4 Designing an Experiment or Survey 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Sample size 45 4.3 Sampling 50 4.4 Experimental design 56 4.5 Further reading 60 5 Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Presentation 63 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 Column graphs 65 5.3 Line graphs 67 5.4 Scatter graphs 69 5.5 General points about graphs 71 5.6 Tables 73 5.7 Standard errors and error bars 74 6 Common Assumptions or Requirements of Data for Statistical Tests 77 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2 Common assumptions 81 6.3 Transforming data 84 Part II Statistical Methods 91 7 t-tests and F-tests 93 7.1 Introduction 93 7.2 Limitations and assumptions 94 7.3 t-tests 95 7.4 F-test 103 7.5 Further reading 105 8 Analysis of Variance 107 8.1 Introduction 107 8.2 Limitations and assumptions 109 8.3 One-way ANOVA 111 8.4 Multiway ANOVA 119 8.5 Further reading 127 9 Correlation and Regression 129 9.1 Introduction 129 9.2 Limitations and assumptions 130 9.3 Pearson’s product moment correlation 131 9.4 Simple linear regression 135 9.5 Correlation or regression? 142 9.6 Multiple linear regression 143 9.7 Comparing two lines 146 9.8 Fitting curves 148 9.9 Further reading 151 10 Multivariate ANOVA 153 10.1 Introduction 153 10.2 Limitations and assumptions 154 10.3 Null hypothesis 156 10.4 Description of the test 156 10.5 Interpreting the results 158 10.6 Further reading 161 11 Repeated Measures 163 11.1 Introduction 163 11.2 Methods for analysing repeated measures data 166 11.3 Designing repeated measures experiments 170 11.4 Further reading 170 12 Chi-square Tests 173 12.1 Introduction 173 12.2 Limitations and assumptions 174 12.3 Goodness of fit test 175 12.4 Test for association between two factors 178 12.5 Comparing proportions 181 12.6 Further reading 184 13 Non-parametric Tests 185 13.1 Introduction 185 13.2 Limitations and assumptions 188 13.3 Mann—Whitney U-test 189 13.4 Two-sample Kolmogorov—Smirnov test 191 13.5 Two-sample sign test 193 13.6 Kruskal—Wallis test 195 13.7 Friedman’s test 198 13.8 Spearman’s rank correlation 200 13.9 Further reading 203 14 Principal Component Analysis 205 14.1 Introduction 205 14.2 Limitations and assumptions 207 14.3 Description of the method 207 14.4 Interpreting the results 209 14.5 Further reading 218 15 Cluster Analysis 221 15.1 Introduction 221 15.2 Limitations and assumptions 222 15.3 Clustering observations 223 15.4 Clustering variables 226 15.5 Further reading 228 Appendices 229 A Calculations for statistical tests 231 B Concentration data for Chapters 14 and 15 247 C Using computer packages 249 D Choosing a test: decision table 261 E List of worked examples 265 Bibliography 271 Index 273

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Book SynopsisThis text brings together in one single comprehensive reference, the fundamentals of radioactivity. It is timely and invaluable as the studies of environmental processes and the awareness of the impact of human activity on our environment are increasing.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY. 2. NATURE OF RADIOACTIVITY. 3. INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER. 4. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION AND RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION. 5. MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE. 6. NUCLEAR POWER. 7. RELEASES OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM NON-NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRIES. 8. INSTRUMENTATION FOR RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT. 9. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES. 10. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION. 11. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS. 12. RADIOACTIVE SURVEYING AND REMOTE SENSING. 13. MODELLING THE DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO MODELLING CONCEPTS. 14. MODELLING DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE. 15. MODELLING DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS. 16. ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSES. APPENDIX 1. Acronyms Used in the Text. APPENDIX 2. Units, Terms and Conversion Factors for Radiation, Radioactivity and Related Areas. APPENDIX 3. Data for the Most Important Environmental Radionuclides. Bibliography. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text brings together in one single comprehensive reference, the fundamentals of radioactivity. It is timely and invaluable as the studies of environmental processes and the awareness of the impact of human activity on our environment are increasing.Trade Review"…will also serve as a handbook for workers in the fields of radiochemical analysis and environmental modelling and for scientists, consultants and environmental health and pollution officers…" (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14 – 15, 10 – 20 December 2004)Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY. 2 NATURE OF RADIOACTIVITY. 3 INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER. 4 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION AND RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION. 5 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE. 6 NUCLEAR POWER. 7 RELEASES OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM NON-NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRIES. 8 INSTRUMENTATION FOR RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT. 9 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES. 10 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION. 11 STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS. 12 RADIOACTIVE SURVEYING AND REMOTE SENSING. 13 MODELLING THE DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO MODELLING CONCEPTS. 14 MODELLING DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE. 15 MODELLING DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS. 16 ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSES. APPENDIX 1 List of Acronyms used in the Text. APPENDIX 2 Units, Terms and Conversion Factors for Radiation, Radioactivity and Related Areas. APPENDIX 3 Data for the most important environmental radionuclides. References. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA renaissance in railways and the formal recognition of environmental priorities are both features of the last quarter of the twentieth century, but relatively little has been published about the individual and collective environmental impacts of railways. There is an urgent need to address the subject comprehensively. New railways are being planned in many countries and environmental assessment has become an essential element of planning. Most of the impacts of railways have existed for well over a hundred years and many of these continue to be relevant today. Some new issues, such as the operation of very fast trains or the routeing of tracks to carry them, require special attention. This book brings together the main planning and management issues concerning the way railways, established, newly-constructed, or upgraded, have an impact on the environment. It provides a step-by-step assessment of how the engineer, planner, environmental manager, transport specialist or railway operatoTable of ContentsRAILWAYS AND PLANNING. Environmental Planning. Railway Planning. Passenger Traffic. Freight. IMPACTS ON PEOPLE. Social Impacts and Public Perception. Noise and Vibration. Pollution. Visual Impacts. Construction. IMPACTS ON RESOURCES. Resource Use and Route Selection. Residential, Commercial and Productive Land. Nature Conservation. Heritage and Amenity. Railways in Scenic Landscape. Environmental Evaluation of Land Resources. PLANNING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Environmental Rail Transport Solutions. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the business response to environmental issues using a critical social science perspective. It examines the pressures on business to take up environmental activities and assesses those activities in terms of company, culture, communication and influence on the environmental agenda.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Issues and Business: An Introduction. Pressures on Business for Environmental Change. Analysing Corporate Environmental Change. Business and Environmental Communication. Business and the National Environmental Agenda. Business and the International Environmental Agenda. Environmental Issues and Business: Some Implications. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisMDI and TDI are polymer building blocks with a wide range of applications in industry. Both are used in large quantities and can be found in a wide variety of industries and applications. As there use will often involve large numbers of workers they are also subject to stringent health and safety regulations.Trade Review“...this book is a superb contribution to the literature.” (Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 106, 2004) "....This book covers all the important topics concerning MDI and TDI and provides comprehensive coverage on the health and environmental science associated with these. (European Occupational Health & Safety Magazine, June 2003)Table of ContentsList of authors and affiliations ix A book of distinction xv Acknowledgements xvii MDI and TDI usage: responsible risk management 1D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside Exposure, hazard and risk 1 Responsible Care®: a framework for industry action 5 Reading 10 1 MDI, TDI and the polyurethane industry 11D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside Types of MDI 13 Types of TDI 15 Test substances 16 Misapprehensions 16 Polyurethanes made from MDI and TDI 17 Reading 23 2 Handling MDI and TDI 25D C Allport, R C Blake, C Bastian, C Galavitz, D S Gilbert, R Hurd, B Reeve, W Robert, S M Outterside, A Solinas, D Walsh, U Walber and H Wolfson Pride in safety 25 Successful systems 25 Safety systems for the handling of MDI and TDI 26 Key Theme 1: Know your product 28 Health 31 Environment 32 Key Theme 2: Protecting health 33 Duty of care 33 Exposure: how can MDI or TDI enter the body? 34 Medical symptoms 35 Medical checks 36 Key Theme 3: Neutralization, decontamination and disposal of wastes 39 Types of neutralizer 40 Routine cleaning of equipment and drums 40 Neutralization after a spillage 43 Neutralizer formulations 46 Key Theme 4: Using personal protective equipment 47 Normal operations 47 Emergency situations 48 Selection of personal protective equipment 49 Protective clothing 50 Respiratory protection 51 Key Theme 5: Monitoring exposure 59 How should monitoring be carried out? 60 When should monitoring be carried out? 61 Key Theme 6: Dealing with accidents 62 Accidents can happen 62 Spillages 63 Development of excess pressure inside containers 68 Incidents involving fire 70 Transport of MDI and TDI 72 Transport regulations 73 MDI and TDI: transport temperatures 73 Typical containers for the transport of diisocyanates 75 Accidents and emergencies 85 The workplace: storage and use of MDI and TDI 86 Designing the systems and minimizing the risks 87 Physical and chemical properties relating to storage and processing 93 Storage of MDI and TDI 95 Safety issues in workplaces using MDI and TDI 106 Safety issues in some important polyurethane processes 117 Use of MDI and TDI in laboratories 122 Visitors to the workplace 123 Emergencies in the workplace 124 Releases to atmosphere from polyurethane manufacturing sites 126 Properties of MDI and TDI relevant to releases to atmosphere 127 Releases from polyurethane processes 127 Abatement of releases 138 Reading 148 3 Health 155DC Allport, P Davies, W F Diller, J E Doe, F Floc’h H D Hoffmann, MKatoh and J P Lyon. Appendices by D I Bernstein Perspective on immediate effects following over exposure 156 First aid procedures 156 Commentary on first aid procedures 157 Human health: the medical background 160 Effects on the eyes 163 Effects on the skin 163 Effects when swallowed 165 Effects on the respiratory tract 165 Other health effects of MDI and TDI 185 Biomonitoring of MDI and TDI 186 Experimental toxicology 187 The interaction of MDI and TDI with biological systems 188 Toxicology studies 193 Diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma 203 Appendices (David I. Bernstein) 203 Reading 216 4 The environment 229RE Bailey, A Gard, K H den Haan, F Heimbach, D Pemberton, II Tadokoro, M Takatsuki and Y Yakabe A general approach to environmental risk assessment 229 Exposure 233 Sources of exposure 233 Distribution and persistence 237 Biodegradation 256 Bioaccumulation 257 Hazard 258 Test procedures 258 Aquatic ecotoxicity 259 Terrestrial ecotoxicity 264 Risk assessment 265 Accidental release of MDI and TDI 266 Normal usage 268 Reading 273 5 Supporting sciences 277 5.1 Chemistry of manufacture of MDI and TDI 277D C Allport, D S Gilbert and B Tury Manufacture of MDI 277 Manufacture of TDI 280 Modified MDI and TDI 282 Reading 284 5.2 Structures and nomenclature 285DC Allport, D S Gilbert and B Tury Structures 285 CAS Registry numbers and preferred names 286 IUPAC names 287 Convenient names for MDI and TDI 288 Synonyms 289 Commercial product names 289 Reading 291 5.3 Chemical reactions of MDI and TDI 291DC Allport, D S Gilbert, D Pemberton and B Tury Reaction with –OH groups 292 Reaction with –NH groups 293 Reaction with –SH groups 293 Reaction with biological molecules 294 Self-reactions 295 Catalysts 298 Reading 299 5.4 Physical and fire properties 300SM Outterside and D Pemberton MDI 301 TDI 311 Reading 319 5.5 Fire behaviour of MDI and TDI 321J F Chapman, B Cope, G Marlair and F Prager Test methodology 321 Fire tests on MDI and TDI 323 Reading 340 5.6 Occupational exposure limits, stack limits and community limits 343D C Allport, D S Gilbert, S M Outterside and B Tury Occupational exposure limits 343 Stack release limits and community limits 351 Reading 357 5.7 Sampling and analysis 358K S Brenner, V Dharmarajan and P Maddison Materials to be measured 358 Airborne MDI and TDI species 359 Choice of methods for the sampling and analysis of MDI and TDI in air 360 Analysis of nonairborne MDI and TDI 418 A critical review of exposure assessment techniques used in occupational health studies of MDI and TDI 420 Reading 422 Index 431

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Book SynopsisIn the stratosphere, ozone performs a vital role by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation and acting as a protective layer for life on Earth. Ultraviolet Reflections: Life Under a Thinning Ozone Layer examines the effects of increasing UV radiation on people, plants and animals. It takes the reader on a journey from the Antarctic ozone hole to the Arctic birch forest, to see how plankton and plants will fare against increasing UV radiation. We know the dangers for skin cancer, but this book also raises intriguing questions about the evolution of our immune system and uncovers scientific controversy in the discussion of eye disease. The accessible style of this book gives readers at all levels an insight into the complexities of how life has evolved to deal with the destructive power of the sun. Moreover, it gives the reader a chance to follow international policy, as well as current research in the field. The book is aimed at those who do not have time to follow the scientific literaturTable of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements ixChapter 1 From Abisko to Antarctica 1Chapter 2 Let There be Light 11Chapter 3 Plankton Life Under the Ozone Hole 31Chapter 4 Sun Catchers 47Chapter 5 Elusive Threads in an Intricate Web 63Chapter 6 A Breath of Fresh Air? 73Chapter 7 Red Alert 79Chapter 8 A Tricky Compromise 99Chapter 9 Sensitive Sensors of Light 111Chapter 10 Do Patagonian Sheep Need Sunglasses? 123Chapter 11 Evolution of Knowledge 131Sources 141Index 149

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Book SynopsisThis is a concise dictionary of English/Spanish and Spanish/English equivalents and associated words and expressions, covering a wide range of subject specialisms in environmental science and engineering.Table of ContentsNot Obtainable.

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Book SynopsisThis is an essential guidebook, providing a comprehensive overview of insect viruses and pest management. Part One of this volume explores the rationale behind the employment of insect pathogenic viruses in pest control and documents the assessment of biological activity, the ecology of baculoviruses, control strategies, virus production and formulation, and the conduct and recording of field control trials. Part Two comprises an authoritative global survey of current practice, R&D, and up-to-date technical studies of insect viruses and their application in pest management. This survey was compiled with the assistance of a panel of world-wide experts and will prove an invaluable and unique data source. Building on the key topics discussed in Part One, easy-to-follow, practical protocols are presented in Part Three, including detailed accounts of standard operating procedures for working with insects, isolation, propagation (in vivo and in vitro), purification, characterization and enumTable of ContentsBASIC PRINCIPLES. Rationale for the Use of Microbial Pesticides. Characteristics of Insect Pathogenic Viruses. Assessment of Biological Activity. The Ecology of Baculoviruses in Insect Hosts. Control Strategies. Virus Production. Formulation. Spray Application of Baculoviruses. Conduct and Recording of Field Control Trials. Future Developments. WORLD SURVEY. A World Survey of Virus Control of Insect Pests. Western Europe. Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Indian Subcontinent. South-east Asia and the Western Pacific. People's Republic of China. Japan. Africa, the Near and Middle East. Australasia. North America. Central America and the Caribbean. South America. PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES. General Laboratory Practice. Working with the Host. Working with the Virus. Enumeration of Virus. Cell Culture. Mass Production, Product Formulation and Quality Control. Spray Application. Registration Requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING VIRAL SURVIVAL. Solar Radiation, with Emphasis on the Ultraviolet. Plant Surfaces. Glossary. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisAsks how the sensibilities of religious experience, which many people call spirituality, shape people's performance. By analysing performances of spirituality and what people experience as “spirit,” this book adds a new dimension to the paradigm of performance. The specific performances presented are meditative dance and shamanic drumming.Trade ReviewIntellectuals have tended to dismiss people’s spiritual experiences by reducing them to public ritual spaces, to forms of cultural theft, to colonial history, to economics and capitalism, to narcissism and dilettantism. These processes are important to analyze, but is that all there is? The author’s answer is a definitive ‘No.’ The basic model here is performance studies, a field that assumes to know anything is to show it, so that others can see it happening. What to do, then, with the invisible, which, by nature, cannot be shown or known in a public way? Through detailed studies of two contemporary meditation practices and their founders, this book reveals how insufficient various materialist methodologies are to understanding the interior, life-changing, and often extreme experiences of the spiritual … Reckoning with Spirit is an especially powerful and effective tour de force.” —Jeffrey Kripal, Rice University

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Book SynopsisBeginning with a brief introduction to environmental history, this text introduces the central concepts of evolution and ecology, and covers several major issues related to the conservation of biodiversity including extinction, climate change, sustainability, conservation law, and invasive species.Trade Review"This worthwhile book can be used by teachers to stimulate student interest in the value of protecting our natural world." -- Thomas Brown NastaTable of Contents1. Environmental History 2. Variation, Natural Selection, and Evolution 3. Species: The Basic Unit of Conservation 4. Climate and Global Patterns of Distribution 5. Ecology: Individuals and Populations 6. Ecology: Communities and Ecosystems 7. Biodiversity and Extinction 8. Value, Economics, and the Tragedy of the Commons 9. Conservation Science 10. Conservation and the American Legal System 11. Invasive Species and Conservation 12. Restoration Ecology 13. Conservation in Action

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Book SynopsisNaturalness is a hot topic in the wine world. But what exactly is a 'natural wine'? This title explores the range of issues surrounding authenticity in wine. Drawing on a global array of examples and anecdotes, it examines concepts such as terroir, biodynamics, and sustainability.Trade Review"A very good book... One of the more balanced and detailed accounts dealing with the issue of sustainable winemaking."- Robert M. Parker, Jr. -- Robert M. Parker, Jr. The Wine Advocate "An ocean's worth of savvy detail about both the more (organic farming, the endless shades of sustainability) and less (reverse osmosis, acidification) happy nuances of making wine." San Francisco Chronicle "A compelling manifesto for natural wine ... the understandable, everyday terms used make this a genuine guide to wine science for the citizen." -- Brian Elliott Scotland On Sunday "'Authentic Wine' performs the invaluable service of raising crucial questions and explaining complicated issues coherently." -- Eric Asimov New York Times "It's been a good year for wine books. The most compelling new book is undoubtedly Authentic Wine by Jamie Goode and Sam Harrop." -- Huon Hooke Sydney Morning Herald "Ambitiously comprehensive... Illuminating." -- Beverley Blanning Decanter "A very well written and useful book with a long shelf life. Once read, it is one to dip in and out of regularly." -- Mary Gorman-McAdams The KitchnTable of ContentsPreface 1 Introduction 2 The diversity of wine: how a natural approach can help preserve wine's interest 3 Terroir 4 Grafted vines 5 Biodynamics and organics 6 Sustainable winegrowing 7 When winemakers intervene: the chemical and physical manipulation of wine 8 The natural wine movement 9 Yeasts, wild and cultured 10 Ripeness and high alcohol 11 Wine faults 12 The carbon footprint of wine 13 Marketing authentic wine 14 Conclusions

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Book SynopsisGrouse - an ecologically important group of birds that include capercaillie, prairie chickens, and ptarmigan - are distributed throughout the forests, grasslands, and tundra of Europe, Asia, and North America. This title summarizes knowledge of grouse biology in 25 chapters contributed by 80 researchers from field studies around the world.Trade Review"As this volume demonstrates, grouse remain ideal research subjects to explore a wide variety of topics important to ornithologists." Wilson Journal Of Ornithology "[This] new volume summarizes current knowledge of grouse biology from field studies around the world." Environment Canada "Full of the detail." -- G. R. Potts IbisTable of ContentsContributors Preface Brett K. Sandercock, Kathy Martin and Gernot Segelbacher 1 * Spatial Ecology Spatially Explicit Habitat Models For Prairie Grouse Neal D. Niemuth Hierarchical Modeling Of Lek Habitats Of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Andrew J. Gregory, Lance B. Mcnew, Thomas J. Prebyl, Brett K. Sandercock, and Samantha M. Wisely Estimating Lek Occurrence and Density For Sharp-Tailed Grouse / Stephen Hamilton and Doug Manzer Home Range Size and Movements Of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Michael A. Patten, Christin L. Pruett, and Donald H. Wolfe Impacts Of Anthropogenic Features on Habitat Use By Lesser Prairie-Chickens / Christian A. Hagen, James C. Pitman, Thomas M. Loughin, Brett K. Sandercock and Robert J. Robel Landscape Fragmentation and Non-Breeding Greater Sage-Grouse / Jay F. Shepherd, Kerry P. Reese, and John W. Connelly Natal Dispersal Affects Population Dynamics Of Hazel Grouse in Heterogeneous Landscapes / Marc Montadert and Patrick Leonard 2 * Habitat Relationships Nesting Success and Resource Selection Of Greater Sage-Grouse / Nicholas W. Kaczor, Kent C. Jensen, Robert W. Klaver, Mark A. Rumble, Katie M. Herman-Brunson, and Christopher C. Swanson Use Of Dwarf Sagebrush By Nesting Greater Sage-Grouse / David. D. Musil Modeling Nest and Brood Habitats Of Greater Sage-Grouse / Jay F. Shepherd, John W. Connelly, and Kerry P. Reese Linking Habitat Selection and Brood Success in Greater Sage-Grouse / Michael L. Casazza, Peter S. Coates, and Cory T. Overton Resource Selection During Brood-Rearing by Greater Sage-Grouse / Nicholas W. Kaczor, Katie M. Herman-Brunson, Kent C. Jensen, Mark A. Rumble, Robert W. Klaver, and Christopher C. Swanson Habitat Selection and Brood Survival Of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Ty W. Matthews, Andrew J. Tyre, J. Scott Taylor, Jeffrey J. Lusk, and Larkin A. Powell 3 * Population Biology Testosterone Mediates Mating Success in Greater Prairie-Chickens / Jacqueline K. Augustine, Joshua J. Millspaugh, and Brett K. Sandercock Reproductive Biology of a Southern Population Of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Lance B. Mcnew, Andrew J. Gregory, Samantha M. Wisely, and Brett K. Sandercock Regional Variation in Nesting Success of Lesser Prairie-Chickens / Eddie K. Lyons, Ryan S. Jones, John P. Leonard, Benjamin E. Toole, Robert A. Mccleery, Roel R. Lopez, Markus J. Peterson, Stephen J. Demaso, and Nova J. Silvy Mechanisms Underlying Variation in Renesting Ability of Willow Ptarmigan / Kathy Martin, Scott Wilson, and Susan J. Hannon Chick Survival of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Adam C. Schole, Ty W. Matthews, Larkin A. Powell, Jeffrey J. Lusk, and J. Scott Taylor Human-Mediated Selection on Life-History Traits of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Lance B. Mcnew, Andrew J. Gregory, Samantha M. Wisely, and Brett K. Sandercock Demographic Traits of Two Alpine Populations of Rock Ptarmigan / Claude Novoa, Jean-Francois Desmet, Jean-Francois Brenot, Bertrand Muffat-Joly, Marc Arvin-Berod, Jean Resseguier and Bastien Tran 4 * Conservation and Management Effects of Climate Change on Nutrition and Genetics of White-Tailed Ptarmigan / Sara J. Oyler-Mccance, Craig A. Stricker, Judy St. John, Clait E. Braun, Gregory T. Wann, and Cameron L. Aldridge Effects Of Translocation on Behavior of Island Ptarmigan / Robb S. A. Kaler and Brett K. Sandercock Hunting Lowers Population Size in Greater Sage-Grouse / Robert M. Gibson, Vernon C. Bleich, Clinton W. Mccarthy, and Terry L. Russi Spatial-Temporal Variation in Survival Of Harvested Greater Sage-Grouse / Benjamin S. Sedinger, James S. Sedinger, Shawn Espinosa, Michael T. Atamian, and Erik J. Blomberg Adaptive Harvest Management and Harvest Mortality Of Greater Prairie-Chickens / Larkin A. Powell, J. Scott Taylor, Jeffrey J. Lusk, and Ty W. Matthews

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Book SynopsisEach year shorebirds from North and South America migrate thousands of miles to spend the summer in the Arctic. There they feed in shoreline marshes and estuaries along some of the most productive and pristine coasts anywhere. With so much available food they are able to reproduce almost explosively; and as winter approaches, they retreat south along with their offspring, to return to the Arctic the following spring. This remarkable pattern of movement and activity has been the object of intensive study by an international team of ornithologists who have spent a decade counting, surveying, and observing these shorebirds. In this important synthetic work, they address multiple questions about these migratory bird populations. How many birds occupy Arctic ecosystems each summer? How long do visiting shorebirds linger before heading south? How fecund are these birds? Where exactly do they migrate and where exactly do they return? Are their populations growing or shrinking? The results of this study are crucial for better understanding how environmental policies will influence Arctic habitats as well as the far-ranging winter habitats used by migratory shorebirds.Trade Review"This volume represents a major milestone for the monitoring of wader populations... It will serve as a point of reference." -- Graham Austin Brit Trust Ornithology (Bto) "A massive coordinated effort to gain a robust understanding of population dynamics and trends of arctic nesting shorebirds... Highly recommended." -- J. C. Kricher, Wheaton College (MA) Choice "This clearly written and well-edited volume...is chalk full of data and contains more complete and nuanced discussions about what those data mean than one would find in equivalent journal articles." -- Chris S. Elphick The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsForeword Susan K. Skagen, Paul A. Smith, Brad Andres, Garry Donaldson and Stephen Brown Part 1: Introduction 1. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Victoria Johnston and Jonathan Bart 2. METHODS Jonathan Bart, Victoria Johnston, Paul A. Smith, Ann Manning, Jennie Rausch and Stephen Brown Part 2: Regional Reports 3. SHOREBIRD SURVEYS IN WESTERN ALASKA Brian J. McCaffery, Jonathan Bart, Catherine Wightman and David Krueper 4. NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA Jonathan Bart, Stephen Brown, Brad Andres, Robert Platte and Ann Manning 5. YUKON NORTH SLOPE AND MACKENZIE DELTA Jennie Rausch and Victoria Johnston 6. SOUTHAMPTON AND COATS ISLANDS Paul A. Smith, Victoria Johnston and Jennie Rausch 7. PRINCE CHARLES, AIR FORCE, AND BAFFIN ISLANDS Victoria Johnston and Paul A. Smith 8. SMALL-SCALE AND RECONNAISSANCE SURVEYS Jonathan Bart, Brad A. Andres, Kyle Elliott, Charles M. Francis, Victoria Johnston, R.I.G. Morrison, Elin P. Pierce and Jennie Rausch Part 3: Methodology 9. AERIAL SURVEYS: A WORTHWHILE ADD-ON TO PRISM SURVEYS, ESPECIALLY IN THE INTERIOR? Kyle H. Elliott and Paul A. Smith 10. SURVEY METHODS FOR WHIMBREL Lisa Pirie and Victoria Johnston 11. TIER 2 SURVEYS Lisa Pirie, Victoria Johnston and Paul A. Smith 12. ARCTIC PRISM TIER 3 - PROGRESS NOTES FROM THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES-NUNAVUT BIRD CHECKLIST SURVEY Lindsay A. Armer, Craig S. Machtans and Brian T. Collins 13. DESIGN OF FUTURE SURVEYS Jonathan Bart and Paul A. Smith Part 4: Synthesis 14. SUMMARY Jonathan Bart and Paul A. Smith 15. PRIORITIES FOR FUTURE PRISM SURVEYS Jonathan Bart, Victoria Johnston, Jennie Rausch, Paul A. Smith and Brian McCaffery 16. LITERATURE CITED Appendices A. OTHER METHODS FOR ESTIMATING TRENDS OF ARCTIC BIRDS Jonathan Bart, Stephen Brown, R. I. Guy Morrison and Paul A. Smith B. REGIONAL DENSITY ESTIMATES C. COMMON, SCIENTIFIC AND ABBREVIATED NAMES FOR SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE VOLUME Index

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Book SynopsisDeclining bird populations, especially those that breed in North American grasslands, have stimulated extensive research on factors that affect nest failure and reduced reproductive success. Until now, this research has been hampered by the difficulties inherent in observing nest activities. Video Surveillance of Nesting Birds highlights the use of miniature video cameras and recording equipment yielding new important and some unanticipated insights into breeding bird biology, including previously undocumented observations of hatching, incubation, fledging, diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns, predator identification, predator-prey interactions, and cause-specific rates of nest loss. This seminal contribution to bird reproductive biology uses tools capable of generating astonishing results with the potential for fresh insights into bird conservation, management, and theory.Trade Review"This book is an essential reference for ornithologists... It should be added to the ornithological library bookshelf... Highly recommended." -- R.L. Smith, Emeritus, West Virginia University Choice "Really interesting from a range of angles." The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface Foreword Part 1. Synthesis/Overview Chapter 1: Knowledge gained from video-monitoring grassland passerine nests Pamela J. Pietz, Diane A. Granfors and Christine A. Ribic Chapter 2: Conservation implications when the nest predators are known Frank R. Thompson, III and Christine A. Ribic Chapter 3: Gamebirds and nest cameras: present and future Susan N. Ellis-Felege and John P. Carroll Part 2: Breeding Behavior Chapter 4: Hatching and fledging information from grassland passerine nests Pamela J. Pietz, Diane A. Granfors and Todd A. Grant Chapter 5: Attendance patterns and survival of Western Meadowlark nests Larkin A. Powell, Matthew D. Giovanni, Scott Groepper, Mitchell L. Reineke and Walter H. Schacht Chapter 6: Sprague's Pipit incubation behavior Stephen K. Davis and Teslin G. Holmes Chapter 7: Patterns of incubation behavior in Northern Bobwhites Jonathan S. Burnam, Gretchen Turner, Susan N. Ellis-Felege, William E. Palmer, D. Clay Sisson and John P. Carroll Chapter 8: The influence of weather on shorebird incubation Paul A. Smith, Sarah A. Dauncey, H. Grant Gilchrist and Mark R. Forbes Chapter 9: Nocturnal activity of nesting shrubland and grassland passerines Christy M. Slay, Kevin S. Ellison, Christine A. Ribic, Kimberly G. Smith and Carolyn M. Schmitz Part 3: Behavioral Responses to Predation/Predator Identification Chapter 10: Bird productivity and nest predation in agricultural grasslands Christine A. Ribic, Michael J. Guzy, Travis J. Anderson, David W. Sample and Jamie L. Nack Chapter 11: Predator identity can explain nest predation patterns Jennifer L. Reidy and Frank Thompson, III Chapter 12: Nest defense: grassland bird responses to snakes Kevin Ellison and Christine A. Ribic Chapter 13: Partial depredations on Northern Bobwhite nests Susan N. Ellis-Felege, Anne Miller, Jonathan S. Burnam, Shane D. Wellendorf, D. Clay Sisson, William E. Palmer and John P. Carroll Chapter 14: Identification of Spragues's Pipit nest predators Stephen K. Davis, Stephanie L. Jones, Kimberly M. Dohms and Teslin G. Holmes Part 4: Technology Chapter 15: Development of camera technology for monitoring nests W. Andrew Cox, M. Shane Pruett, Thomas J. Benson, Scott J. Chiavacci and Frank R. Thompson III

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Book SynopsisChallenges the notion that globalized social formations emerged solely in the Global North prior to impacting the Global South. This book brings the reader into the lives of Chinese scientists, officials, villagers, and expatriate conservationists who were caught up in environmental trends over the past years.Trade Review"A well-crafted and lucidly written book... Its delightful ethnographic insights and sharp concepts will be of great value in introducing ... new ways of thinking about China." Journal of Historical Geography "Theoretically nuanced, empirically grounded, and written in accessible prose." The China QuarterlyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Chapter One: Environmental Winds Chapter Two: Fleeting Intersections and Transnational Work Chapter Three: The Art of Engagement Chapter Four: Making an Indigenous Space Chapter Five: On the Backs of Elephants Conclusion Notes Glossary Bibliography

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Book SynopsisWith a comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, this book covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed.Trade Review"[Ecosystems of California] provides students, resource managers, and policy practitioners a much-needed reference for learning and guidance and will be especially useful for regional library collections." -- A.L. Mayer ChoiceTable of ContentsContributors Preface and Acknowledgments Marine and Terrestrial Maps of California 1. Introduction (Erika Zavaleta and Harold Mooney) DRIVERS 2. Climate (Sam F. Iacobellis, Daniel R. Cayan, John T. Abatzoglou, and Harold Mooney) 3. Fire as an Ecosystem Process (Jon E. Keeley and Hugh D. Safford) 4. Geomorphology and Soils (Robert C. Graham and Toby A. O'Geen) 5. Population and Land Use (Peter S. Alagona, Tim Paulson, Andrew B. Esch, and Jessica Marter-Kenyon) 6. Oceanography (Steven J. Bograd, Andrew Leising, and Elliott L. Hazen) 7. Atmospheric Chemistry (Andrzej Bytnerowicz, Mark Fenn, Edith B. Allen, and Ricardo Cisneros) HISTORY 8. Ecosystems Past: Vegetation Prehistory (Constance I. Millar and Wallace B. Woolfenden) 9. Paleovertebrate Communities (Elizabeth A. Hadly and Robert S. Feranec) 10. Indigenous California (Terry L. Jones and Kacey Hadick) BIOTA 11. Biodiversity (Bernie Tershy, Susan Harrison, Abraham Borker, Barry Sinervo, Tara Cornelisse, Cheng Li, Dena Spatz, Donald Croll, and Erika Zavaleta) 12. Vegetation (Christopher R. Dolanc, Todd Keeler-Wolf, and Michael G. Barbour) 13. Biological Invasions (Erika Zavaleta, Elissa Olimpi, Amelia A. Wolf, Bronwen Stanford, Jae Pasari, Sarah Skikne, Paulo Quadri, Katherine Ennis, and Flavia Oliveira) 14. Climate Change Impacts (Christopher B. Field, Nona R. Chiariello, and Noah S. Diffenbaugh) 15. Introduction to Concepts of Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, Ecosystem Services, and Natural Capital (Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Lisa Mandle, Elizabeth Rauer, and Suzanne Langridge) ECOSYSTEMS 16. The Offshore Ecosystem (Steven J. Bograd, Elliott L. Hazen, Sara M. Maxwell, Andrew W. Leising, Helen Bailey, and Richard D. Brodeur) 17. Shallow Rocky Reefs and Kelp Forests (Mark H. Carr and Daniel C. Reed) 18. Intertidal (Carol A. Blanchette, Mark W. Denny, John M. Engle, Brian Helmuth, Luke P. Miller, Karina J. Nielsen, and Jayson Smith) 19. Estuaries: Life on the Edge (James E. Cloern, Patrick Barnard, Erin Beller, John Callaway, J. Letitia Grenier, Edwin D. Grosholz, Robin Grossinger, Kathy Hieb , James T. Holligaugh, Noah Knowles, Martha Sutula, Samuel Veloz, Kerstin Wasson, and Alison Whipple) 20. Sandy Beaches (Jenifer E. Dugan and David M. Hubbard) 21. Coastal Dunes (Peter Alpert) 22. Coastal Sage Scrub (Elsa E. Cleland, Jennifer Funk, and Edith B. Allen) 23. Grasslands (Valerie T. Eviner) 24. Chaparral (V. Thomas Parker, R. Brandon Pratt, and Jon E. Keeley) 25. Oak Woodlands (Frank W. Davis, Dennis D. Baldocchi, and Claudia M. Tyler) 26. Coast Redwood Forests (Harold Mooney and Todd E. Dawson) 27. Montane Forests (Malcolm North, Brandon Collins, Hugh Safford, and Nathan L. Stephenson) 28. Subalpine Forests (Constance I. Millar and Philip W. Rundel) 29. Alpine Ecosystems (Philip W. Rundel and Constance I. Millar) 30. Deserts (Jayne Belnap, Robert H. Webb , Todd C. Esque, Matthew L. Brooks, Lesley A. DeFalco, and James A. MacMahon) 31. Wetlands (Walter G. Duffy, Philip Garone, Brenda J. Grewell, Sharon Kahara, Joseph Fleskes, Brent Helm, Peter Moyle, Rosemary Records, and Joseph Silveira) 32. Lakes (John Melack and S. Geoffrey Schladow) 33. Rivers (Mary E. Power, Sarah J. Kupferberg, Scott D. Cooper, and Michael L. Deas) Managed Systems 34. Managed Island Ecosystems (Kathryn McEachern, Tanya Atwater, Paul W. Collins, Kate Faulkner, and Daniel V. Richards) 35. Marine Fisheries (Eric P. Bjorkstedt, John C. Field, Milton Love, Laura Rogers-Bennett, and Rick Starr) 36. Forestry (William Stewart, Benktesh Sharma, Rob York, Lowell Diller, Nadia Hamey, Roger Powell, and Robert Swiers) 37. Range Ecosystems (Sheri Spiegal, Lynn Huntsinger, Peter Hopkinson, and James Bartolome) 38. Agriculture (Alex McCalla and Richard Howitt) 39. Urban Ecosystems (Diane E. Pataki, G. Darrel Jenerette, Stephanie Pincetl, Tara L. E. Trammell, and La'Shaye Ervin) POLICY AND STEWARDSHIP 40. Land Use Regulation for Resource Conservation (Stephanie Pincetl, Terry Watt, and Maria Santos) 41. Stewardship, Conservation, and Restoration in the Context of Environmental Change (Adina M. Merenlender, David D. Ackerly, Katherine Suding, M. Rebecca Shaw, and Erika Zavaleta) INDEX

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Book SynopsisExamines the evolution of a variety of taxa ancient and recent, native and migratory to elucidate evolutionary events both major and minor that shaped the distribution, radiation, and speciation of the biota of California. This book also interprets evolutionary history in a geological context and reviews new and emerging phylogeographic patterns.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments PART I GEOLOGIC AND ORGANISMAL HISTORY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORICAL PROCESSES THAT SHAPED CALIFORNIA 3. THE CENOZOIC ERA: PALEOGENE AND NEOGENE PERIODS (65--2.6 Ma) 4. QUATERNARY GEOLOGIC AND CLIMATIC CHANGES PART II PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN VARIOUS TAXA 5. CONIFERS 6. FLOWERING PLANTS 7. INSECTS 8. FISHES 9. AMPHIBIANS 10 REPTILES 11. BIRDS 12. MAMMALS 13. MARINE MAMMALS PART III SUMMARY 14. CONSISTENT PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS ACROSS TAXA AND MAJOR EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS 15. CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Bibliography

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Solnit's intelligent meditations may awaken us from our self-congratulatory coma. [Her] mid is fertile, wide-ranging, and capable of integrating the bewildering deluge of fact, political delusion, flights of genius, inconceivable danger, and cunning deceit that have characterized the nuclear age." * Los Angeles Times *"“The product of a stunningly original and expansive imagination. Savage Dreams ties together the histories of Yosemite National Park and the Nevada Test Site. . . . to illuminate the political stakes of how we think about, and act upon, the landscape.” " * SF Weekly *"Flinging her net wide, Solnit evokes powerful images of destruction and conquest as she explores governmental abuses in the region." * Publishers Weekly *"Solnit's ability to see these issues from several sides-to see the nuclear blasts as beautiful as well as terrible, James Savage as not just a butcher but as a complex man-make this a complicated, engaging work." * Environmental History Review *"Solnit's book is an important contribution to the growing body of work on 20th-century activism. It is from such portrayals of the problems faced in past episodes of activism that we may broaden our own understanding of the risks––and promise––of our own collective actions." * Science & Society *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments New Preface DUST, OR ERASING THE FUTURE: THE NEVADA TEST SITE From Hell to Breakfast Like Moths to a Candle April Fool's Day Trees Lise Meitner's Walking Shoes Golden Hours and Iron County Ruby Valley and the Ranch The War Keeping Pace with the Tortoise WATER, OR FORGETTING THE PAST: YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK The Rainbow Spectators Framing the View Vanishing (Remaining) Fire in the Garden The Name of the Snake Up the River of Mercy Savage's Grave Full Circle Afterword Sources Index

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Book SynopsisFeaturing color species photos, continental and state-scale distribution maps, and a comprehensive bibliography with nearly 1,000 references, this title is suitable for wildlife and conservation biologists and mammalogists working in this region.Table of ContentsPreface Contents Acknowledgments Wyoming Maps PART I: The Wyoming Context Introduction History of Wyoming Mammalogy Zoogeography Prehistory Vegetation as Habitat Conservation and Management Notes for Part I PART II: Species Accounts New World Opossums-Order Didelphimorphia Shrews and Moles-Order Soricomorpha Bats-Order Chiroptera Rodents-Order Rodentia Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares-Order Lagomorpha Carnivores-Order Carnivora Even-Toed Ungulates-Order Artiodactyla Appendix: Plant Species and Nonmammalian Animal Species Glossary References Cited Photo Credits Index

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Book SynopsisThe world faces an environmental crisis unprecedented in human history. Carbon dioxide levels have reached heights not seen before, and the greatest mass extinction since the time of the dinosaurs appears to be underway. This book shows how this transformation puts the deep history of the planet at the heart of contemporary environmental politics.Trade Review"An excellent forthcoming book." -- Robert Macfarlane The Guardian "I can't recall another book that positions the present global crisis in Earth's deep history so well, in a form that can be readily understood by non-specialists. Every ecosocialist should read it." -- Ian Angus Climate and Capitalism "The first book you would want to read to find out the origins, philosophies, and debate surrounding the 'Anthropocene'... A fascinating tour of natural history." Capitalism Nature Socialism "Perhaps the best guide so far to the different senses and timeframes attached to the term [Anthropocene]." London Review of BooksTable of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Living in Deep Time 2. Versions of the Anthropocene 3. Geology of the Future 4. Th e Rungs on the Ladder 5. An Obituary for the Holocene Conclusion: Not Even Past Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Chad Montrie's book restores complexity to the history of American environmentalist movements and does justice to the actions against the degradation of nature that have been forgotten by the historiography, too focused on the heroic story (or history) of a white and bourgeois (or middle-class) scientist. The risk of such a thesis would be to minimize the diagnosis and the action of Rachel Carson, but Chad Montrie recognizes at the same time her courage, her pugnacity and her determination. It is less a matter of denying her impact—recognized by the historiography—than of recalling the competing imaginaries and actions that have also worked for the protection of the environment, in a long history that precedes Rachel Carson, to show that the environment is not necessarily opposed to use (or utilization), and to introduce a social analysis to a trajectory of degradation (or alteration) of the environment that is not a process involving humanity as a whole.” * Le Mouvement Social *"Montrie’s purpose in writing this book . . . is to do more than inspire mere academic debate. Instead, he hopes to broaden the sights of environmentalists as well as to encourage them to seek out allies beyond the suburbs. In correcting what he sees as a truncated and therefore deeply flawed narrative of US environmental activism, he posits a more usable past, one from which modern-day activists can draw lessons about both the long-term environmental concerns and protest of working people. For this reason, this book deserves a wide readership." * Environmental History *"The Myth of Silent Spring is a concise and valuable contribution, proving that labor history can make important contributions to environmental history." * Metascience *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: “The Fight for a Balanced Environment and the Fight for Social Justice and Dignity Are Not Unrelated Struggles” 1. “I Think Less of the Factory Than of My Native Dell” 2. “Why Don’t They Dump the Garbage on the Bully-Vards?” 3. “Massive Mobilization for a Great Citizen Crusade” Conclusion: “They Keep Threatening Us with the Loss of Our Jobs” Notes Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisWriting from the front lines of extinction research, the author tells the story of geologic and evolutionary history and how it informs the way humans inhabit, exploit, and impact Earth today. Optimistic that we can change this ominous forecast if we act now, he provides clear-cut strategies to guide the planet away from global catastrophe.Trade Review"A superior synthesis of recent research from many scientific disciplines, this eloquent book could serve as a model for how scientists should write for nonspecialists about the critical environmental challenges of our time. An excellent companion to Elizabeth Kolbert's The Sixth Extinction." Library Journal "A pragmatic approach to finding workable solutions to a looming crisis." Kirkus Reviews "Powerful and passionate prose... Time may be short, but this is a message of hope for readers looking for a better future." Publishers Weekly "Beautifully written... A very learned book, but it's very approachable and fun... Anyone who is interested in the future of the planet or loves animals should check this one out ." -Annalee Newitz, The Best Science Books of 2014 Science Friday "A rattling read and punchily packaged. Barnosky's prose is tight and accessible, and it lays the crisis on the line." New Scientist "Well-written and accessible ... Barnosky provides an informed perspective of Earth's past mass extinctions and the lessons that can be learned from them to understand the present crises ... A must read for college students and a well-informed citizenry." -- C. A. McRoberts CHOICE "Barnosky provides a long list of things we need to do to move to more efficient energy use." Word & WorldTable of ContentsPreface 1. The Last Ones Standing 2. It's Not Too Late (Yet) 3. A Perfect Storm 4. Power 5. Food 6. Money 7. Resuscitation 8. Back from the Brink Acknowledgments Notes Index

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Book SynopsisBraided Waters sheds new light on the relationship between environment and society by charting the history of Hawaii's Molokai island over a thousand-year period of repeated settlement. From the arrival of the first Polynesians to contact with eighteenth-century European explorers and traders to our present era, this study shows how the control of resourcesespecially waterin a fragile, highly variable environment has had profound effects on the history of Hawaii. Wade Graham examines the ways environmental variation repeatedly shapes human social and economic structures and how, in turn, man-made environmental degradation influences and reshapes societies. A key finding of this study is how deep structures of place interact with distinct cultural patterns across different societies to produce similar social and environmental outcomes, in both the Polynesian and modern erasa case of historical isomorphism with profound implications for global environmental history.Trade Review"Compellingly argued, theoretically robust, and deeply researched, Braided Waters is an invaluable contribution to the historical literature about Molokai and the Hawaiian Islands in general that deserves a wide readership. Hopefully, it will spark more research into the environmental history of these stunningly beautiful and ecologically ravaged islands." * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *"Braided Waters represents the first deeply researched history of Molokai (or Moloka‘i), whose enigmatic history fully merits the supple treatment Graham gives it." * Journal of Pacific History *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Maps and Tables Foreword by Donald Worster Introduction: Outer Island, In Between 1. Wet and Dry: The Polynesian Period, 1000–1778 2. Traffick and Taboo: Trade, Biological Exchange,and Law in the Making of a New Pacific World, 1778–1848 3. A Good Land: Molokai after the Mahele, 1845–1869 4. The Bonanza Horizon: Molokai in the Sugar Era, 1870–1893 5. A Bigger, Better Hawai‘i: Making an American Molokai, 1893–1957 6. From Lonely Isle to Friendly Isle: Economic Struggles in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries and the Future of “the Most Hawaiian Island” Conclusion: Two Experiences of Settlement Appendix Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe first effective seismographs were built between 1879 and 1890. In 1885, E. S. Holden, an astronomer and then president of the University of California, instigated the purchase of the best available instruments of the time to keep a register of all earthquake shocks in order to be able to control the positions of astronomical instruments. These seismographs were installed two years later at Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton and at the Berkeley campus of the University. Over the years those stations have been upgraded and joined by other seismographic stations administered at Berkeley, to become the oldest continuously operating stations in the Western Hemisphere. The first hundred years of the Seismographic Stations of the University of California at Berkeley, years in which seismology has often assumed an unforeseen role in issues of societal and political importance, ended in 1987.To celebrate the centennial a distinguished group of fellows, staff, and friends of the Stations met on the Berkeley campus in May 1987. The papers they presented are gathered in this book, a distillation of the current state of the art in observatory seismology. Ranging through subjects of past, present, and future seismological interest, they provide a benchmark reference for years to come.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.

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Book SynopsisThoroughly researched and finely crafted, After the Grizzly traces the history of endangered species and habitat in California, from the time of the Gold Rush to the present. Peter S. Alagona shows how scientists and conservationists came to view the fates of endangered species as inextricable from ecological conditions and human activities in the places where those species lived. Focusing on the stories of four high-profile endangered speciesthe California condor, desert tortoise, Delta smelt, and San Joaquin kit foxAlagona offers an absorbing account of how Americans developed a political system capable of producing and sustaining debates in which imperiled species serve as proxies for broader conflicts about the politics of place. The challenge for conservationists in the twenty-first century, this book claims, will be to redefine habitat conservation beyond protected wildlands to build more diverse and sustainable landscapes.Trade Review"Alagona adroitly documents the roles that historical contingency and a few influential, passionate people can play in shaping the mixed fortunes of endangered species." * Science *"Unquestionably one of the best books about endangered species in the United States ever written . . . Richly detailed empirical research, compelling contemporary relevance, and arresting stories rendered in eloquent prose . . . a major and much needed contribution." * AAG Review of Books *"On the landmark species-saving law’s 40th anniversary, environmental historian Peter Alagona explains why it doesn’t quite work, and offers a path toward recovery." * Smithsonian Magazine *"Shows how a political system was designed around [four endangered species] to speak about broader issues of place." * Santa Barbara News-Press *"This book can improve understanding of sustainability because it reminds us of the complex and interdependent nature of sustainability challenges." * Conservation Biology *"This well written and timely volume...is a must-read for students and researchers of natural resources law and policy..." * Biological Conservation *"[Alagona] rightly argues that we need a larger vision that more forthrightly acknowledges human action within a greater biotic community." * American Historical Review *“[Alagona] is passionate about preserving the diversity and richness of the natural world and attuned to the complexities of related issues. Throughout, [this book teaches] us much about what we need to be doing—and why it is vitally important to care.” * Foreword *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. The Land of the Bears 2. A New Movement 3. The Official Landscape 4. The Laws of Nature 5. The California Condor: From Controversy to Consensus 6. The Mojave Desert Tortoise: Ambassador for the Outback 7. The San Joaquin Kit Fox: Vixen of the Valley 8.The Delta Smelt: Water Politics by Another Name Epilogue Notes Selected Bibliography Index

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