The environment Books

Book SynopsisThis open access handbook is distinguished by its emphasis on international energy, rather than domestic energy policies or international geopolitic aspects. Addressing key topics such as energy production and distribution, renewables and corporate energy structures, alongside global energy trends, regional case studies and emerging areas such as the digitalization of energy and energy transition, this handbook provides a major new contribution to the field of international energy economics. Written by academics, practitioners and policy-makers, this handbook is a valuable and timely addition to the literature on international energy economics. This book was published open access with the support of Eni. Table of ContentsIntroduction1. Part 1: Economics of energy production and distribution1.1. Economics of oil and gas production - Nadine Bret-Rouzeaut (SciencesPo, France) - Relative cost of exploration and development under different conditions (onshore, offshore, unconventional). Evaluation of upstream projects. Sensitivity to price changes.1.2. Economics of oil tanker transportation - TBC - Cyclicality of tanker business. Main determinants of tanker cost. Cost of transporting oil over long distances. Implications for arbitrage.1.3. Economics of gas transportation by pipeline or LNG - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Cost determinants of long-distance pipelines. Implications for cost of transport of gas over long distance. Implications for gas supply contracts and price discovery. Determinants of cost of LNG plants and cost of transport by tanker.1.4. Economics of oil refining - Jean-Pierre Favennec (IFP School, Switzerland) - Determinants of refinery cost and competitiveness. Complexity and oil quality. Implications of shifting patterns of products consumption and refinery localization.1.5. Economics of biofuels - Adam Brown, International Energy Agency - Types of biofuels, respective cost structures, international trade in biomass/biofuels.1.6. Economics of power generation - Arash Farnoush (IFP School, Switzerland) or Martin Everts (Head of Energy Economics at AxPo Holding AG, Switzerland) and/or Eicke Bluhme-Werri (AxPo Holding AG, Switzerland) - Alternative technologies for power generation and their respective key economic characteristics (CAPEX, OPEX, dispatchability, flexibility, location constraints, etc.)1.6.1. Coal and oil-based generation1.6.2. Gas-based generation (OCGT/CCGT)1.6.3. Nuclear generation (including SMRs)1.6.4. Hydropower (different forms)1.6.5. Solar energy1.6.6. Wind energy1.6.7. Other renewables1.7. Economics of energy networks - Andrea Bonzanni (SciencesPo, France) - Gas and electricity as network-based energy sources. Cost of network, natural monopoly, TPA, regulation, tarification, hubs.1.8. Economics of energy storage – TBC - Which energies can be stored and to what extent. Cost and revenue opportunities of storage. Storage and security of supply1.9. Financing of energy investment – TBC - Different financial models normally adopted to finance different energy investment projects: equity/debt ratios, project financing, risk, investors’ profiles.2. Part 2: Economics of energy trading and price discovery2.1. International trade in energy in the context of globalization - Giacomo Luciani, (SciencesPo, France) - Importance of energy products in the context of global trade; potential evolution in light of energy transition and income growth at the global level2.2. The trading and price discovery for crude oils - Giacomo Luciani or Bassam Fattouh (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, UK) or Liz Bossley (CEO, Consilience Energy Advisory Group Ltd, UK) - The structure and functioning of the global oil market, physical and paper. Issues of financialization and volatility. Price makers and price takers.2.3. The trading and price discovery for oil products - Liz Bossley (CEO, Consilience Energy Advisory Group Ltd, UK) - The structure and functioning of markets for petroleum products. Major contracts and derivatives, opportunities for hedging, influence of products on crude oil prices2.4. The trading and price discovery for natural gas - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Alternative price discovery mechanisms, their respective rationale and evolving importance of each for pipeline gas and LNG2.5. The trading and price discovery for coal - Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe (Oxofrd Institute for Energy Studies) or Jan Beckaert - Different coal qualities and price discovery tools. Major contracts. Price makers.2.6. The trading and price discovery for biofuels - major existing biofuels markets: ethanol and biodiesel. Major markets (Ethanol: US and Brazil; biodiesel: EU). Competition with food chain. Subsidies and their implications on trading. Arbitrage between different potential uses of biomass.2.7. The trading of electricity - Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) and/or Philippe Vassilopoulos (Cambridge University) - Structures of major liberalized power markets. Main traded contracts. Impact of variable renewables on market based on marginal cost. Capacity markets.2.8. The trading of carbon - Alfred Evans (Climate Change Capital Ltd) or Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) - The rationale for ETSs and the various implementations of the concept. The experience of the EU ETS and its ongoing evolution.3. Part 3: Corporate energy structures3.1. Determinants of vertical integration in energy – TBC - What is the rationale for vertical integration in the energy industry and does it stand to critical evaluation?3.2. Unbundling, markets and regulation - Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) - Breaking up vertically integrated incumbent monopolies and enforcing competition through regulation: alternative approaches3.3. Energy companies: sensible conglomerates? – TBC - Does an energy conglomerate make more sense than conglomerates in general? Is there an advantage in simultaneously investing in several forms of energy?3.4. Energy (power) decentralization and the future of networks - TBC - Decentralization of power generation may either mean an enhanced role for network or their erosion, possibly implosion. Cost/benefit of extended networks3.5. Energy corporate governance - John Gault (former Chief Economist of the International Energy Development Corporation, US) - Dialectic of major stakeholders in shaping energy investment decisions. Corporate responsibility, transparency, corruption3.6. The impact of digitalization - TBC - From the digital well to blockchain, and issues of cyber security: cost/benefit of digitalization4. Part 4: Global energy trends4.1. Energy scenarios: comparative analysis of black boxes - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Comparing the methodology, assumptions and results of major scenarios from industry, international organizations, individual governments and NGOs4.2. Disruptive technologies - Fabio Genoese (Centre for European Policy Studies, Belgium) - Technologies having the potential of radically changing our understanding of energy futures4.3. Drivers of energy demand - TBC - Opportunities for energy saving and economic obstacles to their realization4.3.1. Energy demand for buildings4.3.2. Energy demand for industry4.3.3. Energy demand for transportation5. Part 5: The trilemma and economics of tradeoffs5.1. Internalizing externalities: market vs. regulatory approaches to decarbonisation – TBC - GHG emissions as market failure: can the cost be effectively internalized? Carbon tax vs. ETSs. Regulation undermines market approaches5.2. Market solutions to security of supply - Giacomo Luciani (SciencesPo, France) - Security of supply has a cost and the final consumer should be able to decide how much security he wants. How can the cost of security be transferred to the final consumer?5.3. Energy subsidies - TBC - Mapping widespread subsidization of energy products and the debate on their validity5.4. Economics of access to energy - What economic obstacles prevent 1.2 billion people from having access to modern commercial energy? and policies/approaches to overcome the same6. Part 6: Energy and the economy - Energy models differ very significantly across regions. This group of chapters will discuss the interplay of energy supply/demand and economic development with an emphasis on how issues of access and decarbonization opportunities affect each region.6.1. Energy and the economy in China6.2. Energy and the economy in India - Dagmar Graczyk (International Energy Agency)6.3. Energy and the economy in Sub Saharan Africa – Philippe Copinschi (SciencesPo)6.4. Energy and the economy in Latin America - TBC6.5. Energy and the economy in the Middle East and North Africa - TBC6.6. Energy and the economy in Russia - Tatiana Mitrova (Russian Academy of Sciences)6.7. Energy and the economy in North America - TBC6.8. Energy and the economy in Europe - TBC

Read more less

Book SynopsisMaking Energy Markets charts the emergence and early evolution of electricity markets in western Europe, covering the decade from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. Liberalising electricity marked a radical deviation from the established paradigm of state-controlled electricity systems which had become established across Europe after the Second World War. By studying early liberalisation processes in Britain and the Nordic region, and analysing the role of the EEC, the book shows that the creation of electricity markets involved political decisions about the feasibility and desirability of introducing competition into electricity supply industries. Competition introduced risks, so in designing the process politicians needed to evaluate who the likely winners and losers might be and the degree to which competition would impact key national industries reliant on cross-subsidies from the electricity sector, in particular coal mining, nuclear power and energy intensive production. The book discusses how an understanding of the origins of electricity markets and their political character can inform contemporary debates about renewables and low carbon energy transitions. Trade Review“This book is therefore neither a history of technology work nor even a history of energy. However, Bolton succeeds in making understandable a particular period, that of the incomplete transformation of the electrical sys­tems inherited from the second Industrial Revolution into the fundamental infrastructures of energy transitions.” (Yves Bouvier, Technology and Culture, Vol. 64 (2), April, 2023)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Britain: Inventing competition.- Trade-offs: Competition or Cash?.- Competition: A work in progress.- Europe: The economic logics of trade.- National electricity regimes: France and Germany.- The political market.- Power exchange: Norwegian origins.- Constructing a multinational market.- Conclusion: Remaking Markets.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively.The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect.This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise – communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding the basics of aviation noise.- Status: Noise burden in Europe.- Part I: Regulating and reducing noise today.- Balanced approach to aircraft noise management.- Perspective on 25 years of European aircraft noise reduction technology efforts and shift towards global research aimed at quieter air transport.- Future aircraft and the future of aircraft noise.- Competing agendas for land-use around airports.- Part II: Beyond flying machines, Human beings.- Impact of aircraft noise on health.- Coping with aviation noise: Non-acoustic factors influencing annoyance and sleep disturbance from noise.- Engaging communities in the hard quest for consensus.- Towards innovative ways to assess annoyance.- Towards mapping of noise impact.- ANIMA noise platform and ANIMA methodology: One-stop shop for aviation noise management.- Overall perspectives.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis textbook discusses environmental and natural resource economics. It presents foundational knowledge for applying economics to understand environmental economics as well as for managing environmental problems and optimizing the level of natural resource extraction. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics bridges knowledge between the major natural environmental issues and which economic policies could be applied for reducing human impacts on such issues. It is distinctive from other environmental economics textbooks by covering not only basic concepts introduced in environmental economics but also explains economic models developed in resource economics for optimizing the use of non-renewable and renewable resources for sustainability. This textbook will help students understand how to apply economics for utilizing policies to mitigate environmental issues caused from the output side of economic activities such as emitting pollutants or generating wastes and those derived from the input side such as natural resource extractions.Table of ContentsWhat is Environmental Economics?.- Economic Instrument and Environmental Problems.- Economics and the Value of Nature.- Economics and Cross-Regional Environmental Problems.- Economics and Non-Renewable/Renewable Resources.- Energy and Waste Problems.- Future Issues of Environmental Economics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis edited open access volume explores the role of forest bioeconomy in addressing climate change. The authors put a particular focus on planetary boundaries and how the linear, growth-oriented economy, is coupled with climate change and environmental degradation. Biobased products and sustainable production paths have been developed, but how can they be scaled in order to lead to an economic paradigm shift? This and other questions are discussed throughout the volume.Since science indicates that climate change will continue this century, the authors also analyse how forests can be adapted to increasing forest disturbances that changing climate are expected to cause. The authors propose climate-smart forestry as useful approach for climate mitigation and adaptation of forests to climate change, as wells as sustainable increase of economic well-being based on forestry. The book illustrates the application of climate-smart forestry in the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany and Spain, i.e., in EU countries with quite different forests and forest sectors. This proactive and inspiring volume is an essential resource for Forest Management professionals, decision makers, scientists, and forestry students. Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Role of the Forest-Based Sector in the Bioeconomy and Climate Change (Hetemäki and Kangas).- Chapter 2. Planetary Boundaries and the Role of the Forest-Based Sector (Hetemäki and Seppälä).- Chapter 3. Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptation and Risk Management in Forests (Venäläinen et al.).- Chapter 4. Outlook for a Forest-Based Bioeconomy (Hurmekoski et al.).- Chapter 5. Forest Biomass Availability (Anttila and Verkerk).- Chapter 6. Carbon Sequestration and Storage in the Forests of the European Union (Kilpeläinen and Peltola).- Chapter 7. Contribution of Wood-Based Products to Climate Change Mitigation (Hurmekoski et al.).- Chapter 8. Synthesis: Climate-Change Mitigation in the Forest-Based Sector (Hurmekoski et al.).- Chapter 9. Climate-Smart Forestry Approach (Hetemäki and Verkerk).- Chapter 10. Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Czech Republic (Emil Cienciala).- Chapter 11. Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Finland (Peltola et al.).- Chapter 12. Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Germany (Hanewinkel et al.).- Chapter 13. Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain (Trasobares et al).- Chapter 14. The Way Forward: Management and Policy Actions (Hetemäki et al.)

Read more less

Book SynopsisImproving air quality for well-being and resilience.- Improving access to clean water and sanitation and ensuring financial sustainability of utilities.- Addressing waste generation, management and recycling.- Halting and reversing biodiversity loss.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. The rise of energy justice research.- chapter 2. Conceptualising restorative justice in the energy transition.- Chapter 3.the rise of restorative justice in the energy sector.- Chapter 4. Restorative justice in petrostates.- Chapter 5. Conclusion: future developments of restorative justice in the global energy sector.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart 1 Electric Motors.- 1 Technologies for High Efficiency Electric Motors.- 2 EASA AEMT Study of Motor Repair Impact on Efficiency of Premium Efficiency (IE3) Motors.- 3 Assessment of PWM-Related Harmonic Losses in Three-Phase Induction Motors of Different Efficiency Classes.- 4 On the Selection of the Number of Poles of Three-Phase Induction Motors for Variable-Speed Power Drive Systems.- 5 Application Software for the Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in Induction Motors Efficiency Test According to IEC 60034-2-1.- 6 Operational Design Analysis of a Shaft Oil Spray Cooling in Electrical Machines.- 7 Measurement of Detailed Efficiency Maps Minimizing Temperature Drifts.- 8 Direct Calorimetric Test Bench for Power Drive Systems with Power Losses up to 20 kW.- 9 Impact of Stray Fields due to the Structural Integration of a Linear Synchronous Machine for Hyperloop Technology.- 10 Rare Earth-free Motors for Medium and High-power Vehicles.- 11 A Synchronous Reluctance Motor Solution for Electric Vehicles Traction.- 12 Estimation of Starting Characteristics of Three-Phase Induction Motors from No-Load Startup Tests.- 13 Influence of the Machine Design on the Indirect Efficiency Determination of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines.- 14 Voltage Variations Impacts on Electrical Motors.- 15 Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors.- Part 2 Pumps, Fans and Air Compressors.- 16 Optimizing Pump System Energy Efficiency using a Piping System Digital Twin and Integrated Pump Selection.- 17 Specific Energy Shells.- 18 Influence of Faults on the Efficiency of Centrifugal Pumps.- 19 Centrifugal Pump - Cavitation Detection Based on Corrected NPSHr (Net Positive Suction Head Required).- 20 Energy Savings using the Extended Product Approach for Pumps.- 21 Revision of the European Fan Efficiency Test Standard.- 22 International Fan Efficiency Test Standard.- 23 Limitations of Component-based Efficiency Regulations for Compressed Air Systems.- 24 Improving the Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air Systems by use of Pressure Equalizing Modules.- Part 3 Digitalization.- 25 Reliability of Smart Sensor in the Diagnosis of Unbalance and Misalignment of Electric Motors.- 26 Digitalization in Electric Motor Driven Systems.- 27 Predictive Temperature Distribution of Test Rig Electric Motors using Machine Learning Algorithms.- 28 Condition Diagnosis on a Gear Motor with Neural Networks Utilizing Vibration Data and the Current Values for Efficiency Enhancement.- Part 4 Policy and Standards.- 29 Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) For Central América.- 30 Energy Performance Indicators According to ISO 50001:2018.- 31 Continuous Progress in Efficiency of Electric Motors, Pumps, Fans and Variable Frequency Drives in Switzerland and the European Union.- 32 European Ecodesign Material Efficiency Standardization Supporting Circular Economy Aspects of Power Drive Systems for Sustainability.- 33 Impacts of 2nd, 3rd and 5th Order Harmonics on the Thermal Behavior of IE2-, IE3- and IE4-class Electric Motors in Grounded Star and Triangle Connections.- 34 Trends in Energy Efficiency Standards and Regulations for Electric Drive Systems.- 35 Egypt Mandates IE3 Energy Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors.- 36 Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Production on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems.- 37 Coordination and Alignment of IEC & ISO Standards for Energy Efficient Electric Motor Driven Systems.- Part 5 Variable Speed Drives and System Analysis.- 38 Quantifying the Energy Savings Potential of Power Drive Systems [PDS].- 39 Round Robin Converters (RR'C) Results and Conclusions.- 40 Systematic Approach to Resolve 2 Pole Vibration Issue for IEEE 841.- 41 Systems Approach in Dutch Industries.- 42 Design Approach and Testing Methodology for Ball Type Non-Reverse Ratchet Mechanism for Vertical Motors.- 43 The Influence of Water Contamination on the Extreme-pressure Properties and Mechanical Stability of Lubricating Greases Applied to Wind Turbines.- 44 Measure System Evaluation about Squeal Noise in Deep Groove Ball Bearings of Electric Motors.- 45 The Efficiency Determination with a Measurement Uncertainty of Energy-Efficient Rotating Electrical Machines using Direct, Indirect, and Modified Back-to-Back Methods based on Small-scale Test Bench Measurement for Wind Turbines.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1 : Introduction: Ubuntu, Inequality and Sustainable Development.- Chapter 2 Ubuntu Ethics as a Paradigm for Human Development in Africa.- Chapter 3 Ubuntu and a New Global Order based on Social Justice: Insights from Oliver Mtukudzi's Music.- Chapter 4: Teaching Botho for Global Human Development.- Chapter 5The Common Moral Position as Conversational: Re-interpreting the Hunhu/Ubuntu Moral Theory.- Chapter 6 : African Humanitas: Ubuntu and the Global Response to Climate Change.- Chapter 7 Mother Earth, Indigenous Spirituality and Ubuntu: Ideas for Meeting Contemporary Environmental Challenges.- Chapter 8 : Ghanaian Ubuntu and Malaysian Confucian Sustainable Plastic Waste Management and Leadership Styles in Afro-Asiatic Intercultural Perspective.- Chapter 9 : Solidarity Between Generations: An African Approach to Climate Change.- Chapter 10 : Ubuntu and Unsustainable Environmental Practices in Uganda: The Case of Sand Mining and Rice Farming.- Chapter 11: Integrating Ubuntu Language in the Paris Agreement.- Chapter 12: Ubuntu, women's water rights and access to the blue economy in South Africa.- Chapter 13: Ubuntu, Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Justice?.- Chapter 14 : Equity and the Ubuntu Worldview: Navigating Shared Responsibilities and Fostering Solidarity in the Face of Inequality in Ireland and the United Kingdom.- Chapter 15 : Ubuntu and decolonisation.- Chapter 16:  Ubuntu, Poverty and the Sustainable Development Goals: Poverty as Impossibility.- Chapter 17 : Healthy ageing and Ubuntu in the Context of COVID- 19 and Future Pandemics in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Chapter 18 : Health for All: Harnessing Ubuntu Ethics for Promoting Competitive Pharmaceutical Production and Health Equity in Africa.- Chapter 19 : Foreign Aid in Africa: The case for an Ubuntu-inspired Relational ethics.- Chapter 20 : Ubuntu as a philosophy advancing Human Rights: The Humanistic Social Work thinking beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.- Chapter 21 Utilising the Ubuntu Philosophy among Street Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview.- Chapter 22 Ubuntu and Sustainable Cities in Africa.- Chapter 23 Ubuntu philosophy & the Sustainable Development Goals: A theo-afro-analytical review.- Chapter 24 The Practice of Ubuntu in the United States and COVID-19: The Case of Zimbabwean Immigrants.- Chapter 25Immigrants' integration in the Global North: Ubuntu-informed social work.- Chapter 26 Fostering Harmony: Exploring Botho Ethical Principles as an Antidote to Xenophobia in Botswana.- Chapter 27 To Live or Leave: Rethinking Ubuntu and Migration in a Context of Uncertainty- The Zimbabwean Case.- Chapter 28 Ubuntu: An anti-racist and pro-equality African philosophy?.- Chapter 29 Racism dehumanises the racist:  A Deep Dive into the African philosophy of Ubuntu and concepts of Transactional Analysis.- Chapter 30  Confronting Inequalities in Education: The Symbiosis of Ubuntu and the Nordic Model.- Chapter 31 Ubuntu, Race and Xenophobia.- Chapter 32 Ubuntu Virtues as a Coping Mechanism in the Face of Racism and Discrimination.- Chapter 33 Poverty, Ubuntu and Sustainable Development.- Chapter 34 Ubuntu, Inequality and Poverty in South Africa.- Chapter 35 Ubuntu as a possible virtuous weapon in the fight against poverty and inequalities.- Chapter 36Ubuntu, Disability Inclusion and Sustainable Development: Breaking the Disability-Poverty Nexus in Africa.- Chapter 37 The Interface between Ubuntu and Patriotism in the Context of Inclusive Development in Africa.- Chapter 38 Ubuntu and Ethical Implications for Global Transformative Justice Movements.- Chapter 39 Ubuntu, Diversity and Inclusiveness: Afro-descendants in the United States.- Chapter 40 From Ubuntu to Du Boisian Pan-African Ubuntu' in the era of global inequalities.- Chapter 41 Ubuntu's Potential to Inform Anti-Racism Practices and Policies in UK Higher Education.- Chapter 42 Ubuntu and Social Choice Theory: an ethical interrogation of group decision-making from an African perspective.- Chapter 43 Ubuntu and Gender Inequality: Chieftainess Nkomeshya Mukambo II's Appropriation of Ubuntu in Promoting Gender Equality in the Soli Chiefdom in Zambia.- Chapter 44 De- ethnicisation, De-masculinisation and Re-Vitalization of the Ubuntu Paradigm for Sustainable African Development.- Chapter 45 Phallic Scripts of Ubuntu (mukadzi chaiye (a real' woman): Confronting the De Jure powers' that undermine progress in selected literary texts.- Chapter 46 The Ethics of Ubuntu and Gender Justice Among African Women Theologians.- Chapter 47 Ubuntu, Gender equality and Sustainable Development in Africa: An African Feminist Perspective.- Chapter 48 Ubuntu, Reconciliation and Gender-Based Violence in South Africa.- Chapter 49 Women's Mushandirapamwe (Collectivism), Ubuntu and Sustainable Development in Contemporary Zimbabwe.- Chapter 50 Ubuntu and Gender inequality in Africa.-    Chapter 51 Towards global gender justice: Interrogating Ubuntu for insights and practical application to women's equality and Empowerment.- Chapter 52 Ubuntu, Inequality and Sustainable Development: Emerging Issues.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction to rescaling sustainability transitions (Maija Halonen, Moritz Albrecht & Irene Kuhmonen).- Part I: National rescaling.- Chapter 2. (Re)Territorialising policy narratives and their role for novel bioeconomy sectors in the EU (Moritz Albrecht & Oliver Klein).- Chapter 3. Tourism and sustainability transitions: A scalar analysis of agency in Costa Rica (Laura Sariego-Kluge and Diana Morales).- Chapter 4. Energy transition as space making:  Rescaling of accelerated transformations in the context of Estonia (Tarmo Pikner).- Chapter 5. Rescaling Renewable Energy Communities in Portugal: Expert imaginaries of business-as-usual, the empowered citizen and the smart network (Ross Wallace and Susana Batel).- Chapter 6. From centralisation to decentralisation? Transition visions of circular bioeconomy in rural Finland (Irene Kuhmonen, Tuomas Kuhmonen & Annukka Näyhä).- Chapter 7. Grounded Sustainability Transitions:  Unfolding controversy towards a policy implementation in Colombia (Germán A. Quimbayo Ruiz).- Part II : Regional rescaling.- Chapter 8. Exploring Just' Transitions in Regional Aotearoa New Zealand: Cases of Taranaki and Southland (Sean Connelly, Etienne Nel & Danielle Lomas).- Chapter 9. isaggregating sustainable transitions through power and governance arrangements in municipal enterprises: A case study of the Canmore Community Housing Corporation ( Laura Ryser, Sean Markey, Greg Halseth, Martin Mateus & Lars Hallstrom).- Chapter 10. From Lignite Regions to Transition Labs. Rethinking Regional Politics of Lignite from the Perspective of the Politics of Scale (Sören Becker & Matthias Naumann).- Chapter 11. South Africa's sustainability transition: the case of the Mpumalanga province and its coal-dependent communities (Etienne Nel and Lochner Marais).- Chapter 12. Sustainability transition in peripheral small-scale forest industries: Case studies from Finland and Sweden (Maija Halonen & Linda Lundmark).

Read more less

Book SynopsisBy drawing on a broad range of social and innovation theory insights, this book showcases the diversity of energy citizenship and opens up the concept by including multiple latent', less visible, forms of energy citizenship that also form part of the energy transition.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1: Introduction - Closures: Ocean Governance Borders.- Chapter 2: Overdetermined by Territory? Governing the Ocean in Time, Matter, and Rhythm.- Chapter 3: Counter-mapping: A Morphology of Oscillating Margins in the Norwegian Sea .- Chapter 4: Bordered-In, Bordered-Out, and Overlapping Territorialities in Ocean Space: The Case of Fisheries.- Chapter 5: Contested Borders and Resolution in Planning Shared Marine Waters .- Chapter 6: Imaginaries: Oceanic Bordering with Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas.- Chapter 7: Can Borders in the Ocean Respond to Climate Change?.- Chapter 8: Bordering Marine Belonging: The Meanings, Mobilities and Materialities of Bioinvasion.- Chapter 9: Human-Shark Encounters beyond Borders: (Post-humanist) Attempts to Navigate a Maritime Contact Zone.- Chapter 10: Borders and Confinement in Seafarers' Realities.- Chapter 11: Infrastructural Containment and the Politics of Migration in the Mediterranean Sea.- Chapter 12: Conclusion - Openings: Ocean Governance (Beyond) Borders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction: The Changing Geography of Protected Areas (Joe Weber and Selima Sultana).- Chapter 2. Geographic Research on National Parks: A Review and Prospectus (Joe Weber and Selima Sultana).- Chapter 3. From Land Degradation to Habitat Loss: A Qualitative Assessment of Vegetation Cover in Protected Areas of Arid Lands (Xochizeltzin Castaneda-Camacho).- Chapter 4. The role of national parks in the development of disadvantaged karst areas in some European countries (Tamás Telbisz and László Mari).- Chapter 5. National Parks and Wildlife Restoration in the Global North: The Case of Wolves in the United States and France (Randall K. Wilson).- Chapter 6. Failed National Park Proposals in Sweet Home Alabama (Lary M. Dilsaver and Joe Weber).- Chapter 7. Equity and Inclusion in the National Park Service:  Historical Challenges, New Possibilities (Yonit Yogev).- Chapter 8. The Contentious Redesignation of the Gateway Arch National Park (Seth Kannarr and Michael A. Urban).- Chapter 9. Canyon de Chelly National Monument and the Vanishing Navajo Meridian (Joe Weber).- Chapter 10. Youth Visitor Trends in United States National Parks: A Preliminary Study (Matthew Balentine, John Crowell, Charles F. Holloman III, Michael Pretes).

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter1. Various Enzymes to Treat Resistant Pollutants in Wastewater: A Sustainable Practice for Environment.- Chapter2. Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics: New Insights.- Chapter3. The Potential of Enzyme Engineering to Positively Impact Environmental Sustainability.- Chapter4. Enzymes in Valorization of Waste: Future Advancement through the Biotechnological Revolution.- Chapter5. Enzymes Technology in Biofuel Production.- Chapter6- Recovery of Enzymes from Food Wastes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Biomaterials in CO2 Capture for Sustainable Future (Niranjan Patra).- Chapter 2. Role of Green Chemistry in Producing Biodegradable Plastic and Its Role in Sustainable Development (Hardeep Kaur).- Chapter 3. Technology for Waste Material Recycling (Muhammad Arshad).- Chapter 4. Challenges and prospects in photovoltaic waste management: Towards sustainable recycling and disposal of end-of-life solar panels (Gobinath Velu Kaliyannan).- Chapter 5. Nanocomposite-Based Photocatalysis: Tackling Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Pollutants in Environmental Remediation (Manish Pant).- Chapter 6. Optimization of the Coagulation Treatment of Olive Oil Margins: Efficiency Comparison between Commercial Coagulant (pacTM2 charge) and Moringa oleifera (Safaa Khattabi Rifi).- Chapter 7. Assessment the Impact of Continuous and Discontinuous Aeration on Ammonia, Nitrates, COD, and Color Removal in Leachates from Ouled Berjal landfill (Hajar Bakraouy).- Chapter 8. Removal of color refinery wastewater by coagulation-flocculation (Amina khalidi-Idrissi).- Chapter 9. Biogenic nanoparticles: The mighty minions fighting persistent toxic elements and chemical dye pollution for environmental sustainability (Atif Aziz Chowdhury).- Chapter 10. Poisoned Seas: Chemical Threats to Marine Life and Human Health (Simrandeep Kaur).- Chapter 11. Polystyrene: A hazardous Risk to Marine as well as Human Life (Rachna Yadav).- Chapter 12. Toxic Effects of Acrylamide and Their Underlying Mechanisms (Jiten Singh).- Chapter 13. Nanotechnological approaches for the management of stored insect-pests: present scenario and future prospects (Krishna Chaitanya Tirunagaru).- Chapter 14. Nanoparticle-Mediated Regulation of Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Unveiling the Mechanism at Cellular Level (Priyanka Mahajan).- Chapter 15. The Piteous Price of Progress: The Environmental and Health Costs of Modern Society (Barathi Seetharaman).

Read more less

Book SynopsisCh1: Crop Waste Management: Waste-To-Wealth Approach.- Ch2: Municipal Sewage Waste Management For Resource Recycling.- Ch3: Food Industry Waste Management: Technologies For Value Chain Addition.- Ch4: Leather Industry Wastewater.- Ch5: Sludge Management For Resource Recovery.- Ch6: Waste Paper Management: A Circular Economy Approach. .- Ch7: Textiles Waste Management: Practices, Challenges And Future Perspectives.- Ch8: Rural Slaughterhouse And Poultry Waste Management For Bioresource Generation.- Ch9: Waste Disposal Methods In The Food Industry.- Ch10: Leaf litter Management in Urban Landscape Management: Recent Approaches.- Ch11: Plant Weed Biomass Utilities in Bio-economy Generation.- Ch12: Pharma Industry Solid Waste Management Practices, Treatment And Disposal.- Ch13: Waste Tires Management: Practices And Challenges.- Ch14: E-Waste Management in Developing Countries: Current Practices, Challenges And Disposal.- Ch15: Construction and Demolition Waste Management And Practices Hazardous Biochemical Lab Waste Disposals: Practices and Challenges.- Ch16: Hospital Solid Waste Management: Currents Practices Challenges And Disposal.- Ch17: Plastic Waste Management:Strategies, Challenges And Current Scenario In Developing Nation.- Ch18: Battery Waste: Current Management Scenario And Regulations In Developing Nations.- Ch19: Role of Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste Recycling and Management.- Ch20: Bio-Composting of Organic Wastes: Challenges and Opportunities.- Ch21: Thermal Conversion Technologies of Solid Waste Under Circular Economy Model.- Ch22: Energy Recovery From Solid Waste: Recent Approaches High Solids Anaerobic Digestion: An Overview and Recent Developments Impact of Covid-19 on Solid Waste Recycling Sector.- Ch23: Solid Waste: Transportation, Collection, Storage, Public Health And Ecological Impacts.- Ch24: Bioenergy Generation From Slaughterhouse Industry Waste Using Different Anaerobic Digestion  Reactors Biochar: Harnessing Black Gold Through Waste Pyrolysis: Applications and Approaches.- Ch25: Solid Waste Management Startups In India.- Ch26: Life Cycle Assessment of Solid Waste: Municipal Solids.- Ch27: Bioconversion of Organic Waste Into Animal Feed: Potential of Black.- Ch28: Soldier Fly Technology.- Ch29: Vermistabilization of Industrial Sludge For Resource Recovery.- Ch30: Developing Biochar Based Slow-Releasing Fertilizers Using Waste Biomass for Sustainable Soil Fertility Management.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart I: Thinking The Ocean.- Chapter 1. The Sea, Above All.- Chapter 2. Building Relationships And Networking For Marine Social Sciences.- Chapter 3. Il Mare Unisce Ciò Che La Terra Divide.- Chapter 4. Thinking-With The Sea's Turbulent Materiality: Trans-Oceanic Figurations, Blue Kinships And Liquid Futures In Lagoon By Nnedi Okorafor.- Chapter 5. Plastisphere In Chthulucene. Staying With The Problem In Oceanic Natureculture Assemblages.- Chapter 6. An Intimate Connection. Society And The Ocean In Water Photography.- Part Ii: Making The Ocean.- Chapter 7. Citizen Science And Ocean Literacy: Bridging The Gap Between Society And The Ocean.- Chapter 8. Connecting People And The Ocean Through Street Art And Citizen Science.- Chapter 9. The Power Of Music To Foster Ocean Stewardship: An Experience From The West Coast Of Ireland.- Chapter 10. Behind The Scenes Of A Collaborative Process To Make Blue Kinships Visible.- Chapter 11. Ocean Connections-Animating The Ugly Duckling Between Storytelling And Science. Developing A Sciart Project.- Chapter 12. Tidal Kinships: Sharing And Caring For Rhythmic Human And Non-Human Estuarine.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1: Energy Poverty, Justice, and Gender in Latin America - Understanding the Intersection.- Section I: Energy Poverty: Frameworks and evidence discussion of a multidimensional problem.- Chapter 2: Energy poverty in Ecuador from a multidimensional perspective.- Chapter 3: Energy inequality in Central America: Challenges and policy responses.- Chapter 4: When energy transition does not meet energy poverty mitigation: The case of Ceará state in Brazil.- Chapter 5: Energy transition in the Brazilian Amazon: Empowering communities through clean and equitable energy access.- Section II: Energy Justice: Contradictions in burden and benefit.- Chapter 6: Who has the right to energy? Insights from the constitutional discussion in Chile.- Chapter 7: The paradigm of energy transition in Brazil: Scarcity and abundance of Brazilian semiarid region.- Chapter 8: Winds of Justice? Challenging and Promoting Women's Social Inclusion in Northern Brazil through Wind Energy Projects.- Chapter 9: Energy poverty and food poverty in Latin America, towards a rights perspective.- Section III: The gendered landscape: Connections of an obvious but unacknowledged relationship with energy poverty and justice.- Chapter 10: Entanglements of energy justice and dignity in Latin America. Weaving a Gender Perspective into the right to energy.- Chapter 11: Beyond gender: the intersectional look at energy poverty through the experiences of Argentina and Mexico.- Chapter 12: The transformative role of women towards social justice in Brazil.- Chapter 13: Energy poverty and tariff segmentation in Argentina: distributive incidence and the gender effect.- Chapter 14: Burning as a reflection of energy poverty? An Intersectional Gender Analysis in Brazil.

Read more less

Book Synopsis.- 1 Sustainability in the production of biofertilizer and Phyto stimulant for human waste in rural areas based on anaerobic bio digestion using Lens Culinaris..- 2 Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Microbial Strains from Batik Wastewater: Unveiling Their Potential for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment..- 3. Strategic steps for zero waste: a university student-driven approach to food waste management through actor analysis..- 4. Optimizations on the Decolouring Agent Dicyandiamide-Formaldehyde (DCD-F) Resin with Poly Diallyldime-thylammonium Chloride (Polydadmac) & Chitosan for the Efficiency of Textile Wastewater Treatment..- 5. The impact of climate change on future precipitations in the Zhuoshui Creek Watershed under various mitigation scenarios, etc.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction (Debra D. Joseph, Camille Huggins and Maud Mthembu).- Part I: Disasters.- .- Chapter 2. The Impact of Global Boiling on Caribbean Islands: Practicality of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (Timothy Affonso).- Chapter 3. The Psychosocial Impact of Climate Change: A recent Overview (Gervan J. Arneaud).- Chapter 4.  The Climate-Resilient Elderly of Barbados (Melony Shoye).- Chapter 5. Climate Change-Induced Disasters in Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe: The Need for Continuous Professional Development (Molly Shayamano,  Poppy Masinga and  Nkosiyazi Dube).- Chapter 6. Centering the response to the KwaZulu-Natal floods in the African-centred Psychosocial Interventions (Sibonsile Zibane, Sthembiso Phoswa and Nokukhanya Zondi).- Part II: Food Security.- Chapter 7. Food Security Through Entomophagy: The Benefits and Challenges of Harvesting Encosternum delegorguei in Climate-Change-Affected Rural Nerumedzo community, Bikita, Zimbabwe (Brenda Nyeverwai Rumutsa).- Chapter 8. Climate Change and Its Effect on the Mental Health of Farmers in Trinidad & Tobago (Sadia Moore, Glenda Hinkson and  Edward Clarke).- Part III: Migration.- Chapter 9. The Impacts of Climate Change Among Displaced Migrants in Small Island Developing States: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago (Camille Huggins).- Chapter 10. Mitigation and Adaptation Innovations Addressing Climate Change and Forced Migration: Case Study Research in Five World Regions (Carmen C. Monico, Shalee N. Forney,  Helen B. Tadese and  Ashley D. Gonzalez) .- Part IV: Vulnerable Populations, Organisations and Climate Modelling (AI).- Chapter 11. Why Climate Change Matters for Vulnerable Populations in South Africa: A Social Work Perspective (Tamsin Leigh Nel and  Priscalia Khosa).- Chapter 12. The Power of Small-Scale Interventions in Progressing Climate Adaptation and Resilience in the Caribbean: A Case Study of Trinidad and Tobago (Lauren Bain and  Sara Low).- Chapter 13. Climate Models Using AI: A Case for the OECS (Letetia M. Addison,  Kevan Rajaram, Ken Manohar and  Curtis Charles).- Chapter 14. Conclusion (Camille Huggins, Debra D. Joseph and Maud Mthembu).

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Geopolitics in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy Considering National Strategies and their Drivers.- The EU and its Member States.- UK.- USA.- China.- Japan.-Australia.- Geopolitics of Hydrogen Key Trends.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Concept of Discrimination an Ongoing Discussion.- Current Context and Challenges Regarding Discrimination in Mexico.- The Mexicos as Perceived and Lived An Approach to the Discrimination Experiences of Populations in Human Mobility Contexts.- Discrimination against Indigenous Women from the State of Mexico who Work as Domestic Workers in Mexico City.- Labor Discrimination The Case of Young People who Study and Work.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPART I: CLIMATE CHANGE How Climate Change Impacts Drought and our Health.- How Climate Change Affects Plants in Urban Environments and Us.- How Climate Change Impacts Arctic Coasts.- How Climate Change Impacts Natural Sulfur Emissions and Vice Versa.- Climate Solutions: Environmental Education.- Climate Solutions: Renewable Energy.- PART II: POLLUTION How Environmental Pollution Can Be Assessed.- How Pharmaceutical Pollution Harms Aquatic Organisms.- How Earthquake Debris Affects the Environment and Our Health.- How Microplastics Affect Our Bodies.- Pollution Solutions: Recycling.- Pollution Solutions: Reducing products’ environmental impact.- PART III: BIODIVERSITY How Kelp Restoration Impacts Biodiversity.- How Invasive Species Impact Their Surroundings and Biodiversity.- How Applying Synthetic Biology Affects Biodiversity.- How Remote Sensing Can Help Assess Insect Populations.- Biodiversity Solutions: Smart Pest Management.- Biodiversity Solutions: Biodiversity Conservation Initiatives.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart I:Adaptation To Climate Change And To Other Issues.- Introduction And Overview.- Unravelling The Concept Of Adaptation.-Part II:Situational Characterisitcs Of Adaptation.- The Setting And Need Of A Delta Plan.- Framing Of A Long Term Adaptive Strategy.- The Bangladesh Delta And Its Challenges.- Normal’ Delta Issues And Challenges.- Climate Vulnarabilities Of And Impacts.-Part III: Adaptation And Transformation Practices.- Strategy Development Under Uncertainty.- Adaptation By Three Types Of Strategies.- Part IV:Realization Of Aspirations.- Investment Plan And Financing Of Measures.- Administrative And Institutional Aspects.- Need Of Up To Date Data And Knowledge.- Realization Of Measures And Interventions.- Reflective Evaluation Key To Adaptation.- Part V:Adaptation And Transformation Experiences.- Lessons Learned From The Bangladesh Experience.- Adaptation In A Transformative Approach.- Conclusions And Way Forward.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSection 1 – Inhabiting a de-stratified Earth.- Section 2 – Earthly re-stratifications experimentations and technologies.- Section 3 – Emerging practices and sensitivities to the Earth.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Sea Level Rise: Implications for Human Rights An Introduction (Elisa Fornalé).- Part I: Sea Level Rise, Stability and Security.- Chapter 2. Sea Level Rise: Scientific Evidence, Socio-Economic Realities, and Adaptation Challenges for Coastal Communities (Vilane Gonçalves Sales).- Chapter 3. The International Law Commission’s Study Group on Sea-level Rise and International Law and Its Impact on International Law (Massimo Starita).- Chapter 4. The Role of the Security Council to Address and to Provide Responses to Peace and Security Risks Resulting from Sea-level Rise (Giuseppe Nesi and Elisa Fornalé).- Part II: Sea Level Rise and the Rights of Affected Population.- Chapter 5.        Sea Level Rise and Human Rights (Veronika Bílková).- Chapter 6. Sea Level Rise as a Form of Gendered Climate Violence: International Legal Implications for Migration (Sara De Vido).- Chapter 7. Rethinking Sustainable Migration for the Anthropocene (Samuel Ballin and Prof. Sandra Mantu).- Chapter 8. Human Rights and Justifications in Climate Litigation:  A First Attempt at Conceptualization (Federica Cristani and Elisa Fornalé).- Part III: Sea Level Rise: New Developments at International Level.- Chapter 9. Sovereignty, State Cooperation and Sea Level Rise (Tamas Adany).- Chapter 10. The Advisory Opinion of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Curtis Doebbler).- Chapter 11. Assessing Innovative Sources for the Loss and Damage Mechanism: The Role and Prospective Regulation of Climate-Friendly Foreign Investment (Cristani Federica).

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart 1: Energy Efficiency and management.- Chapter 1: Environmental Sustainability Metrics for Effective Heat Demand Management in Integrating Buildings.- Chapter 2: Sensitivity Analysis of Operating Parameters on Solid Desiccant Dehumidification and Regeneration Processes Using Artificial Neural Networks Approach.- Chapter 3: Sustainable Efficiency Analysis of A Painting Robot for Wind Turbine Tower Painting Process: A case study.- Chapter 4: Assessment of the Current Developments Regarding the Reduction of Maritime Transport CO2 Emissions Within the Framework of the Acquis Communautaire.- Chapter 5: Decarbonisation Targets and Actions in Turkish Maritime Sector Within the Framework of the “Financing Agreement for the Annual Action Plan in favour of Turkey for 2021”.- Chapter 6: Efficient Waste Management Strategies and Response Methods for Oil Spill Accidents in Turkish Coastal Waters.- Part 2: Energy Rationality and Environment.- Chapter 7: The Bilateral Impacts of Global Climate Change on the Shipping Sector: An Analysis of IPCC Scenarios and IMO's GHG Emissions Reduction Strategies.- Chapter 8: Analysis of Wind Flow around Major Buildings in the Campus of College of Engineering Trivandrum.- Chapter 9: Thermodynamic And Parametric Analysis of A Double Adsorptive Solar Cooling Cycle.- Chapter 10: Thermal performance of Fresnel Concentrated Solar Power System and Assessing their Impact Towards Environment.- Chapter 11: Solar Energy To Treat All Types of Wastewater for Reuse In Green H2 Production By PV-Electrolysis.- Part 3: Energy and Sustainability-Based Approach.- Chapter 12: Hybrid System for The Needs Electrical and Thermal Energy At A House:  Case Region of The South Climate in Algeria.- Chapter 13: Development and Testing of a Laboratory-Scale Dual Axis Solar Tracking System.- Chapter 14: Application of Photovoltaic-Thermal Collectors in Energy Management Systems Integrated with Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Utilization.- Chapter 15: LBM Simulation of Thermal Comfort in a Room Cooled by Displacement Ventilation: Effect of Inlet-outlet Layouts.- Chapter 16: Assessing Maritime Assets Using Cyber Risk Framework Based on MITRE CAPEC.- Chapter 17: Evaluating Criteria for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Adoption.- Part 4: Technological Transition of Green Growth.- Chapter 18:  Kinetic Analysis and Simulation of Rice Husk Char Gasification in H2O and CO2 Atmospheres for Enhanced Syngas Production.- Chapter 19: Dynamic Modeling of CNG Fast Filling Process with Buffer Storage System for Different Natural Gas Mixtures.- Chapter 20: Evaluation Of Wind Energy And Atmospheric Stability In Edincik.- Chapter 21: Towards a Sustainable Future: Techno-Economic Analysis of Wind-Driven Hydrogen Production.- Chapter 22: The Role of Energy Audits in Energy Management Studies Towards Decarbonization.- Chapter 23: Optimization and Application Work of the Heat Pump.- Chapter 24: Daily Variation of the Thermal Performance of the Parabolic Solar Collector Depending on the Storage Volume.- Part 5: Sectorial Decarbonization and Sustainability.- Chapter 25: The Impact of Fouling on Ship Energy Efficiency in Dual-Fuel Engine and Battery Hybrid Electric Ferry Operation.- Chapter 26: Predictive Maintenance for Sustainable Marine Operations Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning.- Chapter 27: Evaluation of Greenwashing Acts as Unfair Competition Offenses.- Chapter 28: Exploring the Structural and Thermal Traits of Polyethylene Nanocomposites Enhanced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.- Chapter 29: A Novel Concept for Enviro-Sustainability Assessments of Aircraft Jet Engines Under Different Fuelled Conditions.- Chapter 30: The Effect of Seawater Pollution In Ship Main Engine Cooler On Energy Efficiency, Main Engine And Auxiliary Machinery.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction (Connor McGookin & Evan Boyle).- Chapter 2. Transdisciplinarity for sustainability (Evan Boyle & Connor McGookin).- Chapter 3. The power of acting local; case studies of regional energy transitions from across the EU (Connor McGookin).- Chapter 4. Irish Environmental Narratives, Policy, and Energy Infrastructure (Evan Boyle).- Chapter 5. A question of Community: Dingle Peninsula 2030 (Evan Boyle).- Chapter 6. Developing a community-led strategy: a co-production approach to energy planning (Connor McGookin).- Chapter 7. Diffusion of Sustainability and Scaling Deep (Evan Boyle).- Chapter Eight: Community engagement approaches (Connor McGookin & Evan Boyle).- Chapter 9. Reflections on the engaged research approach (Connor McGookin & Evan Boyle).- Chapter 10. Conclusion (Evan Boyle & Connor McGookin).

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction (Tracey Skillington & Annalisa Setti).- Part I: The Climate Resilient  City.- Chapter 2. Sanctioning Homelessness, Enabling Environmental Risk (Stephen Przybylinski).- Chapter 3. A peoples-centered approach to the climate resilient city: Addressing inequalities in access to nature and its restorative benefits (Tracey Skillington & Johanna Marie Kirsch).- Chapter 4. Building resilience and synergies for healthy air practices through community engaged research: Learnings from the BEHAV-I-AIR project in Cork City, Ireland (Marica Cassarino, Roberto Cibin, Dean S. Venables & Denise Cahill & Kevin Ryan).- Chapter 5. Resilient cities of the future: What will they look like? (Tadhg E. MacIntyre, Raegan Thompson and Niamh Ní Chongahile).- Part II: Resilience building across generations.- Chapter 6. A dynamic approach to climate resilience in ageing (Annalisa Setti, Andrea Stitzel,  Giovanni Ottoboni & Niamh McCarthy).- Chapter 7.‘Like I couldn't turn into like an eco-warrior overnight, you know?’: Imaginaries of Climate Change (Angela Veale, James O’Rourke & Jasmine Byrne).- Chapter 8. Being naturally connected: The role of Environmental Sensitivity in understanding the human-nature relationship (Alessandra Sperati, Maria Spinelli, Mirco Fasolo, Francesca Lionetti).- Part III: The Resilience Strategies of Indigenous Communities.- Chapter 9. Indigenous Climate Inequalities: A case study with the Arctic Sámi Peoples (Reetta Toivanen).- Chapter 10. Human-Reindeer Wellbeing under Threat in the Arctic: the Case of Kola Peninsula Indigenous Communities (Vladislava Vladimirova).- Chapter 11. Justice, Resilience, and Indigenous Land Dispossession in the “Green” Transition: Perspectives from Forest Sámi Communities in Sweden (Johanna Ohlsson & Sara Lindh).- Chapter 12. Examining Values and Resilience: Climate Change, SAR and Northern Communities (Corine Wood-Donnelly).- Chapter 13. Interrogating Resilience: A Critical Analysis of its Use and Impact on Indigenous Discourses in Australia and the Arctic (Sakshi & Darran McCauley).- Part IV: Resilient Farming Communities.- Chapter 14. Dryness of Lake Urmia in Iran and its impact on farmers displacement (Amin Sharifi Isaloo).- Chapter 15. Aran Islands: The challenge of maintaining grassland biodiversity in future climate change led policy structure (Patrick Mc Gurn).- Chapter 16. Advisory support for Farmer Wellbeing and Climate Change Mitigation (John McNamara & Tom O’Dwyer).- Chapter 17. Conclusion (Tracey Skillington & Annalisa Setti).

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart I: Setting the Context of Just Green Transitions.- Chapter 1. Just Green Transitions - An Introduction (Erblin Berisha, John Moodie, Ledio Allkja, Marija Jeftic).- Chapter 2. The Multidimensionality of Just Green Transitions (John Moodie, Erblin Berisha, Ledio Allkja, Marija Jeftic).- Chapter 3. The Just Green Transitions Policy Landscape (John Moodie, Ledio Allkja, Marija Jeftic, Erblin Berisha).- Part II: Theorizing just green transitions.- Chapter 4. The unknown knowns of the just green transi-tions: A meta-governance approach for a possible enlargement of the European Union (Yahya Shaker).-Chapter 5. The Just Green Transitions concept: from mitigation to transformation (Carlos Tapia, Alberto Gia-cometti, John Moodie, Elin Cedergren, Aida Shaneh).- Chapter 6. Partici-patory planning culture and its role and potential for fostering just green transition (Matej Jasso, Milan Husar).- Chapter 7. Transition knowledge work as normal work (Govert Valkenburg).- Part III: Just Green Transi-tions policy themes.- Chapter 8. Landscape design as a tool to foster spa-tial transformations in light of just green transition in the Western Balkan (Dea Buza and Ledio Allkja).- Chapter 9. Green energy transition in the Western Balkans: Challenges and opportunities for Bosnia and Herze-govina (Aliaksandr Novikau, Mustafa Krupalija).- Chapter 10. Cross-border dimension of Just Green Transition in the Western Balkans – case study of the Republic of Serbia (Ana Nikolov).- Chapter 11. Just Green Transitions of coal-mining cities (Tamara Maricic, Marijana Pantic).- Chap-ter 12. Between light and shadow: exploring spatial and multidimension-al justice in the EU’s green transition (Grazia Brunetta, Ombretta Cal-darice, Danial Mohabat Doost).- Part IV - Just Green Transitions on the Western Balkans.- Chapter 13. Just Green Transitions in North Macedo-nia: a place-based case study from Southwest Planning region (Vesna Garvanlieva Andonova, Elena Gotovska, Marjan Nikolov).- Chapter 14. The risks of purposive transitions in Albania - What to expect by the Just Green Transitions (Fiona Imami, Besnik Aliaj and Anila Bejko (Gjika)).- Chapter 15. "Signs by the Roadside" on the Road to Just Green Transi-tions in Serbians-Border Dimension of Just Green Transitions in the Western Balkans (Zora Zivanovic, Vladimir Popovic, Branko Protic, Ale-ksandar Djordjevic, Velimir Šecerov, Marija Jeftic).- Chapter 16. Social impact of green transition: assessing the distributional implication of coal mines closure in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nermin Oruc, Amela Kurta, Il-ma Kurtovic and Fiona Imami).- Chapter 17. The Montenegrin waste management sector transformation and its impacts towards Just Green Transitions (Merita Toska, Rodion Gjoka, Ogerta Gjinkuri, Azra Vukovic).- Chapter 18. Advancing energy efficiency & waste Management in Koso-vo: Policy implementation, challenges, & pathways to sustainability (Elvis Ndreka and Fiona Imami).- Chapter 19. Climate change adaptation green Technologies for coastal risk Prevention - case studies summary from Coastal countries (Irma Kraja Temali).-Chapter 20. Green EU integration - The role of the green agenda in accelerating Just Green Transitions in the Western Balkans (Erblin Berisha).- Part V: Just Green Transitions practice in Europe and beyond.- Chapter 21. Just Green Transitions in the EU: Comparing the cases of Italy, Sweden, Poland, and the Nether-lands (Erblin Berisha, Giancarlo Cotella, Erika Puntillo, Yahya Shaker).- Chapter 22. Understanding territorial governance dynamics in the Swe-dish EU territorial just transition planning processes - lessons for the Western Balkans (Aida Shaneh, John Moodie, Carlos Tapia, Alberto Gia-cometti, Elin, Cedergen).- Chapter 23. Synergy effects of Just Green Transition – from overall challenges to innovative responses in the case of a Slovakia 2030 (Maros Finka).- Chapter 24. The vulnerability of the Romanian Danube Valley to heat-related phenomena. A socio-economic index-based approach (Bianca Mitrica, Irena Roznovie?chi, Ines Grigorescu, Dana Micu, Nicoleta Damian).- Chapter 25. Green transition in the Adriatic-Ionian Region: A scenario (Maria Toptsidou and Kai Böh-me).- Chapter 26. Pathways to a Just Green Transitions in the Eastern partnership - guided by Western Balkan experience. (Ketevan Katchara-va).- Chapter 27. Conclusion (Erblin Berisha, John Moodie, Ledio Allkja, Marija Jeftic).

Read more less

Book Synopsis.- Harnessing Microbial Communities for Enhanced Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater.- Innovations in Satellite Remote Sensing for Monitoring Global Land Degradation Trends.- Bioeconomic Modeling of Ecosystem Services: Integrating Conservation with Economic Development.- Advancements in Marine Biotechnology for Sustainable Aquaculture Practices.- Ecological Resilience of Urban Green Spaces: Enhancing Biodiversity in Cities, etc.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1. Basic Information on Glyphosate.- Chapter 2. Introductory Notes on Diseases.- Chapter 3. Glyphosate and Cancer.- Chapter 4. Glyphosate and Endocrinology.- Chapter 5. Glyphosate and the Neuronal System.- Chapter 6. Glyphosate and the Microbiome.- Chapter 7. Broaden the View on Glyphosate, the Exposome.- Chapter 8. Glyphosate and the Environment.- Chapter 9. EFSA Advice on Glyphosate.- Chapter 10. Future of Glyphosate.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChapter 1: Climate-Compatible Agricultural Waste Management Strategies for Resilient Land Use in South Africa.- Chapter 2: Harnessing Indigenous Leafy Vegetables for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Upliftment in Marginalized South African Communities.- Chapter 3: Evaluating the Potential of Agrivoltaic System for Mitigating Climate Change Impacts in BRICS Countries.- Chapter 4: Higher Education for Sustainable Development: Brazil and South Africa’s Path Trajectory Towards SDG 4. Chapter 5: Climate Change and Sustainable Development in BRICS Economies: A South African Policy Perspective.- Chapter 6: Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate - Driven Disasters: The South African Perspective.- Chapter 7: How Are Emerging Financial Instruments Transforming Sustainable Infrastructure Finance in the Face of Climate Change?.- Chapter 8: Development of BRICS Energy Cooperation in the Context of Global Challenges and Threats,.- Chapter 9: Prioritizing Sustainable Growth: Trends & Prospects of Addressing Climate Challenges within BRICS.- Chapter 10: How Effective Are Sustainable Marketing Strategies in the South African Consumer Market?,.- Chapter 11: The Role of Marketing in Reducing Carbon Emissions: Perspectives from the South African Consumer Market.- Chapter 12: Circular Economic Practices in BRICS: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications - A Systematic Review.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPreface.- Introduction.- General aspects, background, and interpretation of human biomonitoring data.- Plasticizers.- Personal care and consumer product chemicals.- Flame retardants.- Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds.- Pesticides.- Polychlorinated and polybrominated compounds.- Polycyclic aromatic compounds and metals/elements.- Mycotoxins.- Smoking/vaping and other uses.- Volatile compounds/Substances from the processing of foods.- Other industrial chemicals.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book uses the metaphor “The economy is society's metabolism” as a springboard to develop a rigorous theoretical framework for a better system of national accounts which goes “Beyond GDP” and is relevant to the age of resource depletion. Society is entering a new era in which biophysical limits related to natural resource extraction rates and the biosphere's waste assimilation capacity are becoming binding constraints on mature economies. Unfortunately, the data needed for policy-makers to understand and manage economic growth in this new era are not universally available. All stakeholders need a new way to understand our economy in the context of the biosphere’s ability to provide essential natural capital, and we suggest that detailed information about materials, energy, embodied energy, and energy intensity should be routinely gathered, analyzed, and disseminated from a centralized location to provide markets and policymakers with a more comprehensive understanding of the biophysical economy. However, a firm theoretical foundation is needed before proceeding along this new path, which this book is intended to provide.After arguing that the stock of manufactured capital is an important driver of material and energy demands imposed upon the biosphere, a new accounting framework is derived from the laws of thermodynamics to reflect the fact that material and embodied energy accumulate within the capital stock of economic sectors. This framework extends the Energy Input-Output (EI-O) techniques first developed by Bullard, Herendeen, and others to estimate energy intensity of economic products. Implications from the new framework are discussed, including the value of economic metrics for policy-making, the need for physically-based rather than product-based EI-O formulations, a re-assessment of the concept of economic “growth,” and an evaluation of recycling, reuse, and dematerialization. The framework also provides an opportunity to assess an array of definitions for Daly's “steady-state economy” in relation to the ideal of a sustainable economy.The book ends with a list of steps to be taken in creating a more comprehensive system of national accounts: National accounting agencies worldwide should develop and maintain balance sheets of both natural and manufactured capital in addition to national income statements All stocks and inter-sector flows should be provided in physical as well as financial units In the US, the Bureau for Economic Analysis (BEA) should restart detailed Capital, Labor, Energy, Material, and Services (KLEMS) reporting National accounting agencies should routinely estimate the energy intensity of economic products, and all of the above should be estimated and disseminated on an annual basis. Trade Review"The authors make a fundamental advance in economic thought, one that also provides a policy tool. They sharpen the concept of economic metabolism with a detailed analytical accounting of the metabolic flow from nature through the economy and back to nature, with attention to the different roles of stocks and flows, matter, energy, and value. They carefully distinguish value added from that to which value is added. The book is scholarly, well referenced, and full of insights. Highly recommended!"-Herman Daly, Emeritus Professor, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland"Heun, Dale, and Haney present a powerful and insightful overview of our economic system and how GDP is connected to biological and physical systems at the extractive interface (agriculture and mining sectors). It begins with a rigorous analytical framework that tracks the flows of materials, energy, and embodied energy to characterize the "footprints" we leave on the planet as our lifestyles "consume" the various components of GDP. The book's major contribution is to show how the incomplete national accounting data systematically underestimates the impact of these footprints, especially during rapid energy infrastructure transitions like the one currently underway. With incomplete data we do the wrong things! For academics, policymakers, and students alike, the book provides a fresh perspective and constructive proposals based on a solid analytical foundation.-Clark W. Bullard, Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTable of ContentsIntroduction.- Traditional view of economy.- Brief history of input-output (I-O) modeling.- Basic I-O method.- An I-O method for dynamic (transient) economic analysis.- References.- Material Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Direct Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Embodied Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Value Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Energy Intensity.- References.- Implications.- Implications for economic “development”.- Implications for the I-O method.- Implications for recycling, reuse, and dematerialization.- Comparison to a Steady-state Economy.- References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book describes the energy-law situation in Brazil. It focuses on three specific energy sectors: oil, natural gas and biofuel. The decision to concentrate on these areas takes into account the role that these energy sectors play in the economic, political and legal systems in Brazil, as well as the fact that they are the primary subjects of current discussions surrounding economic regulation in the country. The book, composed of thematic chapters authored by specialized legal researchers, analyzes the different aspects of the oil, gas and biofuels industry, starting with an introduction and technical points and followed by a discussion of the legal issues. It also considers the different legal areas used to examine the aforementioned energy sectors, such as regulatory law, environmental law, tax law, international law, among others. The book will serve as a valuable guide for researchers interested in understanding Brazilian energy law, and at the same it time presents the state of the art of studies carried out in Brazil.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction: The Brazilian Scenario of the Oil, Gas and Biofuel Industry.- Part II: The Regulation of Oil and Gas Industry in Brazil.- Part III: The Regulation of Biofuels Industry in Brazil.- Part V: The Tax Law and the Brazilian Oil, Gas and Biofuels industry.- Part VII: International Law and the International Legal Aspects of Brazilian.

Read more less

Book SynopsisUsing a consistent case study, this book shows the practical steps involved in creating a life cycle analysis (LCA) according to the international standards ISO EN 14040 and 14044. At once a textbook and handy guide.Trade Review"... Vielfach auf weiterführende Quellen verweisend, ist dieses Buch als praxisnahe Alternative zur oftmals sperrigen Literatur im Bereich des "Life Cycle Assessments" zu empfehlen. ..." Oikos international "... Das Buch eignet sich durch die klare Struktur als Nachschlagewerk in Ausbildung, Forschung und Praxis. Für Praktiker besteht ein Mehrwert, da Aufbau und Anwendung der Ökobilanz durch ein umfassendes Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht werden. ..." ZfCM Controlling & Management (02/10) "... Walter Klöpffer und Birgit Grahl sind zu einem Werk zu beglückwünschen, das bereits in der ersten Auflage eine Schlüssigkeit und Feinabstimmung aufweist, wie sie sich üblicherweise erst nach etlichen durchlaufenen Auflagen einstellen. Dem Buch ist eine weite Verbreitung auch außerhalb des Kreises derer, die es für Ausbildung und Berufbenötigen, zu wünschen, da es viele Grundlagenaspekte der wirkungsbezogenen Umweltforschung anspricht und damit Forschungsbedarf formuliert. ..." Mitteilungen Umweltchemie und Ökotoxologie (GDCh) (10/09) "Ein Leitfaden zur Ökobilanzierung führt erstmal in deutscher Spreche in die Begrifflichkeiten, Grundlagen und Normen ... ein und zeigt systematisch die Schritte zum Erstellen einer Ökobilanz: vom Untersuchungsrahmen über die Sachbilanz bin hin zum Abschätzen der Umweltwirkungen des jeweiligen untersuchten Produkts." UmweltBriefe - Der kommunale Infodienst (18.3.2010) "Der 'Leitfaden für Ausbildung und Beruf' (so der Untertitel) überzeugt von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite. Auf insgesamt 430 Seiten wird all das umfassend abgehandelt, was man über die Entwicklung und die Praxis von Ökobilanzen bzw. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) und die Normenreihe ISO 14040ff wissen sollte. Und man spürt, dass hier Insider mit viel Engagement für die Sache des Umweltschutzes am Werk waren. Man braucht außer diesem Buch keine weitere Lektüre mehr zum Verständnis der Methodik der Ökobilanzierung." vnu Information (01/2010)Table of ContentsVorwort xi 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Was ist eine Ökobilanz? 1 1.1.1 Definition und Abgrenzung 1 1.1.2 Der Lebensweg eines Produkts 2 1.1.3 Die funktionelle Einheit 3 1.1.4 Die Ökobilanz als Systemanalyse 4 1.1.5 Ökobilanz (LCA) und betriebliche Umweltbilanz 5 1.2 Historisches 7 1.2.1 Frühe Ökobilanzen 7 1.2.2 Umweltpolitischer Hintergrund 8 1.2.3 Energieanalyse 8 1.2.4 Die 1980er Jahre 9 1.2.5 Die Rolle der SETAC 9 1.3 Die Struktur der Ökobilanz 10 1.3.1 Die Struktur nach SETAC 10 1.3.2 Die Struktur der Ökobilanz nach ISO 12 1.3.3 Bewertung – eine eigene Komponente? 14 1.4 Normung der Ökobilanztechnik 15 1.4.1 Entstehungsprozess 15 1.4.2 Status Quo 17 1.5 Literatur und Information zur Ökobilanz 18 1.6 Literatur zu Kapitel 1 19 2 Festlegung des Ziels und des Untersuchungsrahmens 27 2.1 Zieldefinition 27 2.2 Untersuchungsrahmen 28 2.2.1 Das Produktsystem 28 2.2.2 Technische Systemgrenzen 30 2.2.2.1 Abschneideregeln 30 2.2.2.2 Die Abgrenzung zur Systemumgebung 32 2.2.3 Geographische Systemgrenze 35 2.2.4 Zeitliche Systemgrenze/Zeithorizont 36 2.2.5 Die funktionelle Einheit 37 2.2.5.1 Festlegung von geeigneter funktioneller Einheit und Referenzfluss 37 2.2.5.2 Vergleichsbeeinträchtigende Faktoren – vernachlässigbarer Zusatznutzen 42 2.2.5.3 Vorgehen bei nicht zu vernachlässigendem Zusatznutzen 43 2.2.6 Datenverfügbarkeit und Tiefe der Studie 45 2.2.7 Weitere Festlegungen 46 2.2.7.1 Art der Wirkungsabschätzung 46 2.2.7.2 Bewertung (Gewichtung), Annahmen und Werthaltungen 47 2.2.7.3 Kritische Prüfung (Critical Review) 48 2.2.8 Weitere Festlegungen zum Untersuchungsrahmen 49 2.3 Illustration der Komponente „Festlegung des Ziels und des Untersuchungsrahmens“ am Praxisbeispiel 49 2.3.1 Zieldefinition 50 2.3.2 Untersuchungsrahmen 52 2.4 Literatur zu Kapitel 2 59 3 Sachbilanz 63 3.1 Grundbegriffe 63 3.1.1 Naturwissenschaftliche Gesetzmäßigkeiten 63 3.1.2 Literatur zu den Grundbegriffen der Sachbilanz 65 3.1.3 Das Prozessmodul als kleinste Einheit der Bilanzierung 65 3.1.3.1 Einbindung in das Systemfließbild 65 3.1.3.2 Bilanzierung 67 3.1.4 Fließdiagramme 69 3.1.5 Bezugsgrößen 73 3.2 Energieanalyse 74 3.2.1 Einführung 74 3.2.2 Der kumulierte Energieaufwand (KEA) 78 3.2.2.1 Definition 78 3.2.2.2 Teilbeträge 78 3.2.2.3 Bilanzgrenzen 80 3.2.3 Der Energieinhalt brennbarer Stoffe 82 3.2.3.1 Fossile Brennstoffe 82 3.2.3.2 Quantifizierung 82 3.2.3.3 Infrastruktur 85 3.2.4 Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie 86 3.2.5 Transporte 90 3.3 Allokation 94 3.3.1 Grundsätzliches zur Allokation 94 3.3.2 Allokation am Beispiel der Koppelproduktion 95 3.3.2.1 Definition der Koppelproduktion 95 3.3.2.2 „Gerechte“ Allokation? 96 3.3.2.3 Lösungsvorschläge 101 3.3.2.4 Weitere Ansätze zur Allokation von Koppelprodukten 105 3.3.2.5 Systemerweiterung 106 3.3.3 Allokation und Recycling im geschlossenen Kreislauf 109 3.3.4 Allokation und Recycling im offenen Kreislauf 111 3.3.4.1 Definition des Problems 111 3.3.4.2 Die Aufteilung zu gleichen Teilen 113 3.3.4.3 Die cut-off rule 116 3.3.4.4 Alle Belastung für System B 117 3.3.5 Allokation bei Abfall-Ökobilanzen 118 3.3.5.1 Modellierung der Abfallentsorgung eines Produktes 119 3.3.5.2 Vergleich unterschiedlicher Abfallentsorgungsoptionen 121 3.3.6 Resümee über Allokation 123 3.4 Datenerfassung, Datenherkunft und Datenqualität 124 3.4.1 Verfeinerung des Systemfließbildes und Vorbereitung der Datenerhebung 124 3.4.2 Erhebung von spezifischen Daten 125 3.4.3 Generische Daten und Teilsachbilanzen 133 3.4.3.1 Was sind „generische Daten“? 133 3.4.3.2 Berichte, Publikationen, Webseiten 136 3.4.3.3 Kostenpflichtige Datenbanken und Softwaresysteme 137 3.4.4 Abschätzungen 139 3.4.5 Datenqualität und -dokumentation 139 3.5 Datenaggregierung und Einheiten 141 3.6 Präsentation der Sachbilanz-Ergebnisse 143 3.7 Illustration der Komponente Sachbilanz am Praxisbeispiel 144 3.7.1 Differenzierte Beschreibung der untersuchten Produktsysteme 145 3.7.1.1 Materialien im Produktsystem 145 3.7.1.2 Massenströme des Produktes nach der Gebrauchsphase 148 3.7.1.3 Verbleib der Sortierreste und der Mischkunststofffraktion 151 3.7.1.4 Verwertung der Transportverpackungen 151 3.7.2 Analyse der Herstellungsverfahren, Verwertungsverfahren und sonstiger im Produktsystem relevanter Prozesse 151 3.7.2.1 Herstellungsverfahren für die Materialien 151 3.7.2.2 Produktherstellung aus Materialien 155 3.7.2.3 Distribution 157 3.7.2.4 Sammlung und Sortierung der gebrauchten Verpackungen 157 3.7.2.5 Verwertungsverfahren 158 3.7.2.6 Verwertung von Transportverpackungen 161 3.7.2.7 LKW-Transporte 161 3.7.2.8 Strombereitstellung 161 3.7.3 Ausarbeitung eines differenzierten Systemfließbilds mit Referenzflüssen 162 3.7.4 Allokation 166 3.7.4.1 Festlegung der Allokationsregeln auf Prozessebene 166 3.7.4.2 Festlegung der Allokationsregeln auf Systemebene für open-loop Recycling 167 3.7.5 Modellierung des Systems 167 3.7.6 Berechnung der Sachbilanz 167 3.7.6.1 Input 168 3.7.6.2 Output 172 3.8 Literatur zu Kapitel 3 183 4 Wirkungsabschätzung 195 4.1 Grundprinzip der Wirkungsabschätzung 195 4.2 Methode der kritischen Volumina 198 4.2.1 Interpretation 199 4.2.2 Kritik 200 4.3 Die Struktur der Wirkungsabschätzung nach ISO 14040 und 14044 201 4.3.1 Verbindliche und optionale Bestandteile 201 4.3.2 Verbindliche Bestandteile 202 4.3.2.1 Auswahl von Wirkungskategorien, -indikatoren und Charakterisierungsfaktoren 202 4.3.2.2 Klassifizierung 205 4.3.2.3 Charakterisierung 206 4.3.3 Optionale Bestandteile 207 4.3.3.1 Normierung 207 4.3.3.2 Ordnung 212 4.3.3.3 Gewichtung 215 4.3.3.4 Zusätzliche Analyse der Datenqualität 217 4.4 Methode der Wirkungskategorien (Umweltproblemfelder) 217 4.4.1 Einführung 217 4.4.2 Erste („historische“) Listen der Umweltproblemfelder 218 4.4.3 Stressor-Wirkungsbeziehungen und Indikatoren 223 4.4.3.1 Hierarchie der Effekte 223 4.4.3.2 Potentielle versus tatsächliche Effekte 226 4.5 Wirkungskategorien, Wirkungsindikatoren und Charakterisierungsfaktoren 229 4.5.1 Input-bezogene Wirkungskategorien 229 4.5.1.1 Übersicht 229 4.5.1.2 Verbrauch abiotischer Ressourcen 231 4.5.1.3 Kumulierter Energie- und Exergieaufwand 239 4.5.1.4 Verbrauch biotischer Ressourcen 242 4.5.1.5 Nutzung von (Süß-)Wasser 244 4.5.1.6 Naturraumbeanspruchung 245 4.5.2 Output-bezogene Wirkungskategorien 1 (globale und regionale Wirkungen) 251 4.5.2.1 Übersicht 251 4.5.2.2 Klimaänderung 252 4.5.2.3 Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau 257 4.5.2.4 Bildung von Photooxidantien (Sommersmog) 263 4.5.2.5 Versauerung 273 4.5.2.6 Eutrophierung 281 4.5.3 Toxizitätsbezogene Wirkungskategorien 289 4.5.3.1 Einleitung 289 4.5.3.2 Humantoxizität 290 4.5.3.2.1 Problemstellung 290 4.5.3.2.2 Einfache Gewichtung durch Grenz- bzw. Richtwerte aus dem Arbeitsschutz 291 4.5.3.2.3 Charakterisierung mit zusätzlicher Expositionsabschätzung 295 4.5.3.2.4 Vereinheitlichtes LCIA-Toxizitäts-Modell 299 4.5.3.3 Ökotoxizität 302 4.5.3.3.1 Schutzobjekte 302 4.5.3.3.2 Chemikalien und Umwelt 303 4.5.3.3.3 Einfache Quantifizierung der Ökotoxizität ohne Expositionsbezug 305 4.5.3.3.4 Einbeziehung von Persistenz und Verteilung in die Quantifizierung 306 4.5.3.4 Schlussbemerkung zu den Toxizitäts-Kategorien 308 4.5.4 Belästigungen durch chemische und physikalische Emissionen 309 4.5.4.1 Einführung 309 4.5.4.2 Geruch 310 4.5.4.3 Lärm 310 4.5.5 Unfälle und Radioaktivität 312 4.5.5.1 Unfälle 312 4.5.5.2 Radioaktivität 313 4.6 Illustration der Komponente Wirkungsabschätzung am Praxisbeispiel 315 4.6.1 Auswahl von Wirkungskategorien, -indikatoren und Charakterisierungsfaktoren 316 4.6.1.1 Treibhauspotenzial 318 4.6.1.2 Photooxidantienbildung 319 4.6.1.3 Eutrophierungspotenzial 320 4.6.1.4 Versauerungspotenzial 321 4.6.1.5 Ressourcenbeanspruchung 322 4.6.1.5.1 Energieressourcen 322 4.6.1.5.2 Flächennutzung bzw. Naturraumbeanspruchung 323 4.6.2 Klassifizierung 324 4.6.3 Charakterisierung 324 4.6.4 Normierung 331 4.6.5 Ordnung 336 4.6.6 Gewichtung 337 4.7 Literatur zu Kapitel 4 337 5 Auswertung, Berichterstattung und kritische Prüfung 355 5.1 Entstehung und Stellenwert der Komponente Auswertung 355 5.2 Die Inhalte der Komponente Auswertung nach ISO 357 5.2.1 Auswertung in ISO 14040 357 5.2.2 Auswertung in ISO 14044 357 5.2.3 Identifizierung signifikanter Parameter 359 5.2.4 Beurteilung 360 5.3 Methoden der Ergebnisanalyse 361 5.3.1 Wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund 361 5.3.2 Mathematische Methoden 362 5.3.3 Nicht-numerische Verfahren 365 5.4 Berichterstattung 366 5.5 Kritische Prüfung 367 5.6 Illustration der Komponente Auswertung am Praxisbeispiel 370 5.7 Literatur zu Kapitel 5 379 6 Von der Ökobilanz zur Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse 383 6.1 Nachhaltigkeit 383 6.2 Die drei Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit 384 6.3 Entwicklungsstand der Methoden 387 6.3.1 Ökobilanz – LCA 387 6.3.2 Lebenszykluskostenrechnung – LCC 390 6.3.3 Produktbezogene Sozialbilanz – SLCA 392 6.4 Ein Life Cycle Assessment oder drei? 395 6.5 Schlussfolgerungen 396 6.6 Literatur zu Kapitel 6 397 Anhang 1 Lösungen zu den Übungen 401 Anhang 2 Beispiel: Standardberichtsbogen zum Strommix Deutschland aus UBA 2000, Materialsammlung S. 179 ff. 407 Liste der Akronyme 413 Stichwortverzeichnis 419

Read more less

Book SynopsisMit Agrarholz in die Zukunft: Der Anbau von Bäumen als Nutzpflanzen ist nicht nur klimafreundlich, sondern auch profitabel! Die Intensivnutzung von Bäumen in der Landwirtschaft gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Steigende Öl- und Gaspreise machen Holz als Energieträger wirtschaftlich attraktiv und tragen gleichzeitig zum Klimaschutz bei. Die neuesten Erkenntnisse aus drei aktuellen Verbundprojekten (AGROFORST, AGROWOOD, DENDROM) werden für den Praktiker aufbereitet und alle Aspekte des Wirtschaftskreislaufs angesprochen: rechtliche Rahmenbedinungen, Hinweise zu Fördergeldern, Planung, Anlage und den Betrieb der Pflanzung, bis hin zur optimalen Vermarktung der Produkte. Neben betriebswirtschaftlichen Erwägungen steht die ökologische Gesamtbilanz dieser Form des Pflanzenbaus im Vordergrund, die auch den Flächenverbrauch und ein durch neu geschaffene "Baumfelder" verändertes Landschaftsbild mit einbezieht.Trade Review"Neueste Erkenntnisse aus drei Verbundprojekten - Agroforst, Agrowood und Dendrom - werden in diesem Buch für den Praktiker verständlich aufbereitet." Landtechnik (01.06.2011) "... [Das Buch] bietet wertvolles Datenmaterial für jede Fragestellung, die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem Anbau von Energie-, Nutz- oder Wertholz stellt. Landwirten, die sich mit der zukunftsträchtigen Produktionsrichtung befassen und der Herausforderung neuartiger Kulturen und Kulturtechniken stellen wollen, sei das Fachbuch sehr empfohlen." Biothemen.de (07.09.2010) "... Dieses Buch, das als Standardwerk für Mitteleuropa angesehen werden kann, arbeitet ausführlichst alle Fragen ab, von den gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen über Aufbauplanung und Anlage, Pflanzung und Betrieb, Förderungsmöglichkeiten bis hin zur Lagerung und Vermarktung der erzeugten Rohstoffe. ..." Naturschutz-Info der Staatlichen Naturschutzverwaltung BW (Nr. 1/2010) "... Dieses Buch vertieft also die Themen des kostenlosen Leitfadens "Moderne Agroforstsysteme mit Werthölzern" der gleichen Autoren. Damit schließt es eine Lücke auf dem Buchmarkt und bildet zugleich eine wichtige Grundlage zu der weiteren Entwicklung neuer Agroforstsysteme in Deutschland." Agroforst.deTable of ContentsTeil 1: Kurzumtriebsplantagen 1 Kurzumtriebsplantagen – Stand des Wissens 3Christine Knust 2 Kurzumtriebsplantagen – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen 11Albrecht Bemmann, Peter Lohner, Martina Marx, Dieter Murach, Armin Vetter und Peter Wagner 3 Auswirkungen von absehbarem Klimawandel auf Kurzumtriebsplantagen 19Joachim Rock, Petra Lasch und Chris Kollas 4 Standortsbasierte Leistungsschӓtzung in Agrarholzbestanden in Brandenburg und Sachsen 29Dieter Murach, Holger Hartmann, Yasmin Murn, Mareike Schultze, Ali Wael und Heinz Röhle 5 Leistungsvermögen und Leistungserfassung von Kurzumtriebsbestanden 41Heinz Röhle, Kai-Uwe Hartmann, Christian Steinke und Dieter Murach 6 Begründung von Kurzumtriebsplantagen: Baumartenwahl und Anlageverfahren 57Marek Schildbach, Holger Grünewald, Heino Wolf und Bernd-Uwe Schneider 7 Bewirtschaftungsstrategien von Kurzumtriebsplantagen 73Denie Gerold, Dirk Landgraf, Heino Wolf und Marek Schildbach 8 Abiotische und biotische Schadfaktoren in Kurzumtriebsplantagen 83Christiane Helbig und Michael Müller 9 Technologien der Ernte und Rodung von Kurzumtriebsplantagen 99Volkhard Scholz, Felipe Ruiz Lorbacher und Hendrik Spikermann 10 Logistische Bereitstellung von Agrarholz für regionale Nutzungen am Beispiel von Brandenburg 113Mareike Schultze, Paul Fiedler und Dieter Brӓkow 11 Regionale Wertschöpfungsketten im Rahmen der Nutzung von schnellwachsenden Baumarten im landlichen Raum am Beispiel Südbrandenburgs 125Dirk Landgraf und Lutz Böcker 12 Ökonomische Bewertung von Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Einordnung der Holzerzeugung in die Anbaustruktur landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen 135Peter Wagner, Jürgen Heinrich, Mathias Kröber, Jörg Schweinle und Werner Große 13 Ökonomische Bewertung von Kurzumtriebsholz: Verfahrensvergleich mit landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen im regionalen Kontext 147Philipp Grundmann und Jörg Eberts 14 Kurzumtriebsplantagen aus Sicht des Naturschutzes 161Peter A. Schmidt und Thomas Glaser 15 Monetare Bewertung ökologischer Leistungen des Agrarholzanbaus 171Jan Philipp Schagner 16 Wasserhaushalt von Kurzumtriebsplantagen 181Rainer Petzold, Karl-Heinz Feger und Kai Schwӓrzel 17 Modellierung des Kohlenstoffhaushalts von Pappel-Kurzumtriebsplantagen in Brandenburg 193Ansgar Quinkenstein, Hubert Jochheim, Bernd-Uwe Schneider und Reinhard F. Hüttl 18 Ökologische Bewertung des Zukunftsrohstoffs Agrarholz 205Michael Steinfeldt 19 Akzeptanz des Energieholzanbaus bei Landwirten 217Constance Skodawessely und Jürgen Pretzsch 20 Agrarholzanbau: Quo vadis –Ein Ausblick auf die Zukunft des Agrarholzanbaus 227Dieter Murach Teil 2: Agroforstsysteme 21 Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zu Agroforstsystemen in Deutschland 233Holger Grünewald und Tatjana Reeg 22 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für Agroforstsysteme 241Anja Chalmin und Alexander Möndel 23 Wertholzproduktion in Agroforstsystemen 251Mathias Brix, Bela Bender und Heinrich Spiecker 24 Kombinierter Anbau von Wertholz- und Kurzumtriebsbaumen 263Rüdiger Unseld 25 Produktionsaspekte in Agroforstsystemen mit Werthölzern –landwirtschaftliche Produktion 275Anja Chalmin 26 Ökonomische Bewertung von Agroforstsystemen 289Alexander Möndel, Mathias Brix und Anja Chalmin 27 Agroforstsysteme aus Sicht des Naturschutzes 301Tatjana Reeg, Jureck Hampel, Frank Hohlfeld, Gerd Mathiak und Evelyn Rusdea 28 Historische Agroforstsysteme in Deutschland 313Werner Konold und Tatjana Reeg 29 Agroforstsysteme mit Wertholzbaumen im Landschaftsbild 325Tatjana Reeg 30 Agroforstsysteme mit Wertholzproduktion –Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 335Werner Konold und Heinrich Spiecker Teil 3: Anhang Anhang 1 341 Anhang 2 343 Anhang 3 345 Index 347

Read more less

Book SynopsisEin einzigartiger Bildband reich an Beispielen der maßgeblichen Bodentypen. Im Fokus: die Waldgebiete Österreichs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Zu jedem Bodenprofil sind umfassende Daten zu über 40 Bodenmerkmalen angeführt, die anschaulich aufbereitet und interpretiert sind. Zusammen mit Kommentaren zum Baumwachstum und zur Waldbewirtschaftung liefern diese Bodendokumentationen wertvolle Hinweise für die Praxis. Die zum Teil speziell für dieses Buch aufgenommenen Bodenprofile (Auflagehumus und Mineralboden) sind eine gute Unterstützung für die Bodenansprache vor Ort. Vereinheitlichte bodenkundliche Methoden, die im Erläuterungsteil ausführlich erklärt sind, erlauben einen raschen Vergleich der Böden. Gerade durch die aktuelle Debatte über mögliche Folgen einer Klimaänderung für die Waldwirtschaft und über die Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Wäldern steht der Waldboden im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Ein kompakter und 'geländetauglicher' Waldboden-Atlas für alle bodenkundlich Interessierten in Lehre, Praxis, Verwaltung, Beratung und Planung.Trade Review"Ein kompakter und 'geländetauglicher' Waldboden-Atlas für alle bodenkundlich interessierten." Natur Schutz Brief (01.11.2017) "Es gibt bisher kein anderes Werk, welche eine derart umfassende Fülle von Daten zu den Böden unserer Biotope liefert, und zugleich das Bildmaterial der Bodenprofile und typische Bilder der Vegetation darüber bietet. So können Vegetation und Edaphon holistisch verstanden werden. Ein ?sine qua non? für die Bibliothek eines jeden Biologen, der noch den Fuß ins Freiland setzt!" Acta ZooBot Austria (150/151, 2014, 203?239) "Allen bodenkundlich interessierten Lesern bietet der Atlas wertvolle Information in kompakter und gleichzeitig auch in einer äusserst ansprechenden Form." Schweizerische Zeitung für Forstwesen (20.12.2013) "eine ausgezeichnete Ergänzung der bodenkundlichen Literatur" VDLUFA-Mitteilungen (1/2013, 20.08.2013) "ein handliches Grundlagenwerk" Info-Bulletin Umweltmediathek (Nr. 43, 03.06.2013) "Ein kompakter und geländetauglicher Waldboden-Atlas für alle bodenkundlich Interessierten." Aktuell - Land & Forstprojekte Österreich (1/2013, 07.05.2013) "eine Fundgrube für praxisrelevante Daten, die anders nur schwer zu bekommen sind" Holz (2/2013, 02.05.2013)Table of ContentsVorwort ix Herausgeber xiii Autorenliste xv Abkürzungsverzeichnis xvii Glossar xix Teil I 1 Waldböden: Besonderheiten, Bewirtschaftung und Schutz 3 1.1 Vorkommen von Böden unter Wald 3 1.2 Historische Waldnutzungen 5 1.2.1 Streunutzung 5 1.2.2 Schneitel-Streunutzung 6 1.2.3 Waldweide 6 1.2.4 Waldfeldbau („Agroforestry“) 6 1.3 Besonderheiten im Profilaufbau 6 1.4 Besondere Humusdynamik 7 1.5 Besonderheiten des Nährstoffkreislaufes im Wald 8 1.6 Besonderheiten des Wasserhaushaltes im Wald 11 1.7 Waldbodenschutz 11 2 Erläuterungen zur Methodik 13 2.1 Charakterisierung des Standortes 13 2.1.1 Waldökologische Naturräume 14 2.1.2 Potenzielle natürliche Waldgesellschaft 14 2.1.3 Allgemeine Lageparameter 15 2.1.4 Ausgangsmaterial 15 2.1.5 Wasserhaushalt 16 2.1.6 Klimadiagramme – Klimatische Charakteristik nach Walter und Lieth 17 2.1.7 Ökologische Netzdiagramme 18 2.2 Bodenprobenahme und Analytik 21 2.2.1 Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung 21 2.2.2 Analytische Parameter 22 2.2.3 Bestimmungsgrenzen 24 2.2.4 Abgeleitete Parameter 25 2.2.5 Klassifikation und Tiefenverlauf wichtiger Bodenparameter 26 2.3 Bodensystematik und Gliederung der Böden 28 2.3.1 Gruppe: Fels-Auflagehumusböden bzw. O/C-Böden und Terrestrische Rohböden 30 2.3.2 Gruppe: Terrestrische Humusböden (ausgenommen Fels-Auflagehumusböden) bzw. Ah/C-Böden und Schwarzerden 32 2.3.3 Gruppe: Braunerden und Lessivés 34 2.3.4 Gruppe: Podsole und Semipodsole 36 2.3.5 Gruppe: Kalklehme bzw. Terrae calcis 37 2.3.6 Gruppe: Pelosole 38 2.3.7 Gruppe: Kolluvisole 39 2.3.8 Gruppe: Pseudogleye bzw. Stauwasserböden 40 2.3.9 Gruppe: Auböden bzw. Auenböden 42 2.3.10 Gruppe: Gleye 44 2.3.11 Gruppe: Moore und Anmoore 46 2.4 Horizontierung der Böden 48 2.4.1 Bodenhorizonte nach ÖBS und KA 5 49 2.4.2 Merkmale zur Abgrenzung von Bodenhorizonten 51 3 Auswahl der Bodenprofile 55 Teil II 4 Fels-auflagehumusböden Bzw. O/c-böden Und Terrestrische Rohböden 63 4.1 Fels-Auflagehumusboden auf Carbonatgestein (Beispiel I) 66 4.2 Fels-Auflagehumusboden auf Carbonatgestein (Beispiel II) 70 4.3 Fels-Auflagehumusboden auf Carbonatgestein (Beispiel III) 74 4.4 Carbonatfreier Textur-Substratboden/Typischer Rohhumus 78 5 Terrestrische Humusböden (ausgenommen Fels-Auflagehumusböden) bzw. Ah/C-Böden und Schwarzerden 83 5.1 Typischer Ranker/Moderartiger Mull 88 5.2 Typischer Ranker/Rohhumusartiger Moder 92 5.3 Brauner Typischer Ranker/Typischer Mull 96 5.4 Verbraunte Mull-Pararendzina/Typischer Mull 100 5.5 Typischer Tschernosem/Typischer Mull 104 5.6 Verbraunter Typischer Tschernosem/Moderartiger Mull 108 5.7 Moder-Rendzina/Rohhumusartiger Moder 112 5.8 Moder-Rendzina/Kalkmoder 116 5.9 Kalklehm-Rendzina/Mullartiger Moder 120 5.10 Kalklehm-Rendzina/Typischer Mull (Beispiel I) 124 5.11 Kalklehm-Rendzina/Typischer Mull (Beispiel II) 128 6 Braunerden und Lessivés 133 6.1 Entkalkte Typische Braunerde/Typischer Mull 138 6.2 Pseudovergleyte entkalkte Typische Braunerde/Typischer Mull 142 6.3 Carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/Typischer Moder 146 6.4 Carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/Moder 150 6.5 Podsolige Braunerde/Rohhumusartiger Moder (Beispiel I) 154 6.6 Podsolige Braunerde/Rohhumusartiger Moder (Beispiel II) 158 6.7 Carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/Aktiver Rohhumus 162 6.8 Pseudovergleyte carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/Moder 166 6.9 Parabraunerde/Mullartiger Moder 170 6.10 Pseudovergleyte Parabraunerde/Moderartiger Mull (Beispiel I) 174 6.11 Lessivierte pseudovergleyte Typische Braunerde/Typischer Mull 178 6.12 Lessivierte carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/Typischer Moder 182 6.13 Pseudovergleyte Parabraunerde/Moderartiger Mull (Beispiel II) 186 6.14 Podsolige Braunerde/Typischer Moder 190 6.15 Pseudovergleyte lessivierte carbonatfreie Typische Braunerde/ Moder 194 7 Podsole und Semipodsole 199 7.1 Semipodsol/Rohhumusartiger Moder (Beispiel I) 202 7.2 Semipodsol/Rohhumusartiger Moder (Beispiel II) 206 7.3 Semipodsol/Moderartiger Mull 210 7.4 Eisen-Humus-Podsol/Rohhumusartiger Moder 214 7.5 Eisen-Humus-Podsol/Rhizo-Rohhumus 218 7.6 Eisen-Humus-Podsol/Saurer Moder 222 7.7 Eisen-Humus-Podsol/Typischer Rohhumus 226 7.8 Podsol/Typischer Rohhumus 230 8 Kalklehme bzw. Terrae calcis 235 8.1 Kalkbraunlehm/Moderartiger Mull 238 8.2 Kalkbraunlehm/Typischer Mull (Beispiel I) 242 8.3 Kalkbraunlehm/Typischer Mull (Beispiel II) 246 8.4 Lessivierter Kalkbraunlehm/Typischer Mull 250 8.5 Kalkbraunlehm/Typischer Mull (Beispiel III) 254 9 Pelosole 259 9.1 Textur-Substratboden/Typischer Mull 262 9.2 Textur-Substratboden aus Knollenmergel/Typischer Mull 266 9.3 Carbonathaltiger Typischer Pseudogley/Typischer Mull 270 10 Kolluvisole 275 10.1 Kolluvisol/Typischer Mull 276 11 Pseudogleye bzw. Stauwasserböden 281 11.1 Carbonatfreier Typischer Pseudogley/Typischer Mull 286 11.2 Carbonatfreier Hangpseudogley/Mullartiger Moder 290 11.3 Typischer Pseudogley/Typischer Moder 294 11.4 Carbonatfreier Typischer Pseudogley/Typischer Moder 298 11.5 Carbonatfreier Typischer Pseudogley/Rohhumusartiger Moder 302 11.6 Carbonatfreier Typischer Pseudogley/Moder 306 11.7 Stagnogley/Feucht-Rohhumus 310 11.8 Stagnogley/Feucht-Moder 314 11.9 Typischer Stagnogley/Feucht-Rohhumus 318 12 Auböden bzw. Auenböden 323 12.1 Trockengefallener Carbonathaltiger Auboden/Typischer Mull 326 12.2 Grauer vergleyter Carbonathaltiger Auboden/Typischer Mull 330 12.3 Grauer Carbonathaltiger Auboden/Typischer Mull 334 12.4 Carbonatfreier Augley/Feucht-Mull 338 12.5 Carbonathaltiger Augley/Typischer Mull 342 13 Gleye 347 13.1 Carbonathaltiger Typischer Gley/Typischer Mull 350 13.2 Carbonathaltiger Anmooriger Nassgley/Rhizo-Rohhumus 354 14 Moore und Anmoore 359 14.1 Anmoor/Anmoormull 362 14.2 Carbonatfreies Typisches Niedermoor/Niedermoor-Torf 366 14.3 Übergangsmoor 370 14.4 Hochmoor/Hochmoor-Torf 374 Literatur und Normen 379 Index 385

Read more less