Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisPresenting intriguing and challenging physics problems in a non-technical manner, this insightful book comes complete with hints and full solutions. A must-have for a wide range of readers, from advanced school students to graduate students, as well as teachers and lecturers.Table of ContentsPreface; How to use this book; Thematic order of the problems; Problems; Hints; Solutions; Appendix.

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Book SynopsisA cell, whose spatial extent is small compared with a surrounding flow, can develop inside a vortex. Such cells, often referred to as vortex breakdown bubbles, provide stable and clean flame in combustion chambers; they also reduce the lift force of delta wings. This book analyzes cells in slow and fast, one- and two-fluid flows and describes the mechanisms of cell generation: (a) minimal energy dissipation, (b) competing forces, (c) jet entrainment, and (d) swirl decay. The book explains the vortex breakdown appearance, discusses its features, and indicates means of its control. Written in acceptable, non-math-heavy format, it stands to be a useful learning tool for engineers working with combustion chambers, chemical and biological reactors, and delta-wing designs.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Creeping eddies; 3. Two-fluid creeping flows; 4. Formation of cells in thermal convection; 5. Swirl decay mechanisms; 6. Vortex breakdown in a sealed cylinder; 7. Cellular whirlpool flow; 8. Cellular water-spout flow; 9. Cellular flows in vortex devices.

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Book SynopsisA definitive reference on the Dawn mission and its key results, including the implications for our understanding of the asteroid belt and evolution of the Solar System. With chapters written by prominent scientists, this is an essential volume for researchers and professionals of planetary science, asteroid science and space exploration.Table of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Part I. Remote Observations and Exploration of Main Belt Asteroids: 1. Remote observations of the main belt Pierre Vernazza, Fumihiko Usui and Sunao Hasegawa; 2. Exploring Vesta and Ceres Christopher T. Russell and Marc D. Rayman; Part II. Key Results from Dawn Exploration of Vesta and Ceres: 3. Protoplanet Vesta and HED meteorites Harry Y. McSween Jr. and Richard P. Binzel; 4. The internal evolution of Vesta Michael J. Toplis and Doris Breuer; 5. Vesta's geomorphology Debra L. Buczkowski, Ralf Jaumann and Simone Marchi; 6. The surface composition of Vesta Jean-Philippe Combe and Naoyuki Yamashita; 7. Ceres' surface composition Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Andrea Raponi; 8. Carbon and organic matter on Ceres Thomas Prettyman, Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Simone Marchi; 9. Ammonia on Ceres Eleonora Ammannito and Bethany Ehlmann; 10. Geomorphology of Ceres David A. Williams, Andreas Nathues and Jennifer E. C. Scully; 11. Ceres' internal evolution Julie Castillo-Rogez and Philip Bland; 12. Geophysics of Vesta and Ceres Anton I. Ermakov and Carol A. Raymond; Part III. Implications for the Formation and Evolution of the Solar System: 13. Formation of main belt asteroids Hubert Klahr, Marco Delbo and Konstantin Gerbig; 14. Isotopic constraints on the formation of the main belt Katherine R. Bermingham and Thomas S. Kruijer; 15. Origin and dynamical evolution of main belt asteroids Sean N. Raymond and David Nesvorný; 16. Collisional evolution of the main belt as recorded by Vesta William F. Bottke and Martin Jutzi; 17. Epilogue: the renaissance of main belt science Simone Marchi, Carol A. Raymond and Christopher T. Russell; Index.

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Book SynopsisBased on class-tested material, this concise yet comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of solid mechanics is ideal for those taking single-semester courses on the subject. It provides interdisciplinary coverage of the key topics, combining solid mechanics with structural design applications, mechanical behavior of materials, and the finite element method. Part I covers basic theory, including the analysis of stress and strain, Hooke''s law, and the formulation of boundary-value problems in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. Part II covers applications, from solving boundary-value problems, to energy methods and failure criteria, two-dimensional plane stress and strain problems, antiplane shear, contact problems, and much more. With a wealth of solved examples, assigned exercises, and 130 homework problems, and a solutions manual available online, this is ideal for senior undergraduates studying solid mechanics, and graduates taking introductory courses in solid mechanics and Trade Review'The Lubardas, a father-son duo, deliver a unique and well-balanced textbook on solid mechanics. The material is presented at the intermediate level, and is tested by many years of well-received classroom instruction by both authors in their respective institutions. The authors take the reader from basic concepts of traction, stress, and strain, to boundary-value problems in elasticity, and finish with more advanced topics, such as contact, variational principles, and failure criteria. The book is well suited for advanced undergraduate students as a course textbook, as well as for first- and second-year graduate students as a reference for more advanced courses in solid mechanics. The book strikes an excellent balance between theory and application examples, and presents a perfect jumping-off point to study more advanced topics in solid mechanics, such as damage, plasticity, fracture, and advanced numerical approaches such as the Finite Element Method.' Yuri Bazilevs, Brown University'A very useful and accessible introduction to solid mechanics. The book contains many illustrations and a broad range of applications, which make it a reading pleasure with many insights.' Horacio Espinosa, Northwestern University'A remarkable text covering a vast range of topics and problems in solid mechanics, this unique work provides clear and thorough coverage suitable for beginning students, advanced students and practitioners. The treatment starts with basic concepts concerning deformation, stress and equilibrium, progresses to elementary and intermediate strength of materials, moves on to advanced topics in elasticity including fracture and the stress and deformation fields around dislocations, and from there to three-dimensional problems including a lucid treatment of the all-important Hertzian contact problem. This major work includes a comprehensive discussion of material failure criteria and culminates in a thorough treatment of energy methods underlying modern finite-element analysis. The work reflects the singular devotion of its authors to all aspects of solid mechanics.' David Steigmann, University of California, Berkeley'This is a well-written, balanced textbook on solid mechanics, aimed at advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate-student audiences in applied mechanics or mechanical engineering.' J. Lambropoulos, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics: 1. Analysis of stress; 2. Analysis of strain; 3. Stress-strain relations; 4. Boundary value problems of elasticity; 5. Boundary-value problems: cylindrical coordinates; Part II. Applications: 6. Two-dimensional problems of elasticity; 7. Two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates; 8. Antiplane shear; 9. Torsion of prismatic rods; 10. Bending of prismatic beams; 11. Contact problems; 12. Energy methods; 13. Failure criteria; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisTake your best shot with your new Nikon D3300 Congratulations on your new Nikon D3300 DSLR! You probably want to get shooting right away, but first you need to know some basics about the controls and functions.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Fast Track to Super Snaps 5 Chapter 1: Getting Up and Running 7 Chapter 2: Reviewing Five Essential Picture-Taking Options 37 Chapter 3: Taking Great Pictures, Automatically 67 Part II: Taking Creative Control 81 Chapter 4: Taking Charge of Exposure 83 Chapter 5: Controlling Focus and Depth of Field 113 Chapter 6: Mastering Color Controls 141 Part III: Scene Guides, Movie-Recording Tips, and More 157 Chapter 7: Putting It All Together 159 Chapter 8: Shooting, Viewing, and Trimming Movies 175 Chapter 9: Playback Mode: Viewing Your Photos 199 Chapter 10: Working with Picture and Movie Files 225 Part IV: The Part of Tens 255 Chapter 11: Ten Fun (And Practical) Ways to Manipulate Your Photos 257 Chapter 12: Ten Special-Purpose Features to Explore on a Rainy Day 283 Index 293

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Book SynopsisThe RICS New Rules of Measurement mean that the construction industry now has a way of allowing a more consistent approach to the measurement and estimating of buildings from the start of a project, right through until the end, and beyond.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xi List of Drawings xiii List of Tables xv List of Diagrams xix Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Standard methods of measurement 4 1.3 Contract documentation 7 2 A Practical Introduction to Measurement 9 2.1 A practical introduction to measurement 9 2.2 Measurement procedure 14 2.3 Self-assessment exercise: Protocols 18 3 Corners 19 3.1 Measurement information 19 3.2 Methodology 20 3.3 Practical application: Corners 21 3.4 Self-assessment exercise: Internal and external dimensions 27 4 Substructure 29 4.1 Measurement information 29 4.2 Technology 33 4.3 Practical application: Substructure to doctors’ surgery 36 4.4 Self-assessment exercise: Trench foundations 50 5 Basement 51 5.1 Measurement information 52 5.2 Technology 55 5.3 Practical application: Brick basement to adjacent building 56 5.4 Self-assessment exercise: Basement to offi ce building 65 6 Sloping Site 67 6.1 Measurement information 67 6.2 Technology 71 6.3 Practical application: Pair of houses 72 6.4 Self-assessment exercise: Grid of levels 88 7 Underpinning 89 7.1 Measurement information 90 7.2 Technology 93 7.3 Practical application: Underpinning to basement 95 7.4 Self-assessment exercise: Trench excavation 104 8 Reinforced Concrete Frame 105 8.1 Measurement information 105 8.2 Technology 108 8.3 Practical application: Reinforced concrete frame 109 8.4 Self-assessment exercise: Formwork 124 9 Brickwork 125 9.1 Measurement information 125 9.2 Technology 132 9.3 Practical application: Brickwork 133 9.4 Self-assessment exercise: Structural openings in brickwork 148 10 Openings, Doors and Windows 149 10.1 Measurement information 150 10.2 Technology 153 10.3 Practical application: Openings, doors and windows 154 10.4 Self-assessment exercise: Openings and doors 161 11 Flat Roofs 163 11.1 Measurement information 164 11.2 Technology 167 11.3 Practical application: Flat roof 168 11.4 Self-assessment exercise: Gutters 172 12 Pitched Roofs 173 12.1 Measurement information 174 12.2 Technology 176 12.3 Practical application: Pitched roof 177 12.4 Self-assessment exercise: Tiling to roof 185 13 Steelwork 187 13.1 Measurement information 187 13.2 Technology 189 13.3 Practical application: Agricultural building 190 13.4 Self-assessment exercise: Steelwork to pergola 196 14 Partitions 197 14.1 Measurement information 198 13.2 Technology 203 14.3 Practical application: Hostel first floor 205 14.4 Self-assessment exercise: Hostel ground floor 210 15 Curtain Walling 211 15.1 Measurement information 211 15.2 Technology 215 15.3 Practical application: Aircraft showroom gridline 1 216 15.4 Self-assessment exercise: Gridline A 218 16 Finishes 219 16.1 Measurement information 219 16.2 Technology 223 16.3 Practical application: Medical centre 223 16.4 Self-assessment exercise: Floor, wall and ceiling finishes 235 17 Drainage 237 17.1 Measurement information 237 17.2 Technology 240 17.3 Practical application: West wing 241 17.4 Self-assessment exercise: Drainage to patio and drive 254 18 Domestic Plumbing 255 18.1 Measurement information 255 18.2 Technology 261 18.3 Practical application: Penthouse hot and cold water and soil and waste pipework 262 18.4 Self-assessment exercise: Two bed house 274 19 Mechanical Services 275 19.1 Measurement information 275 19.2 Technology: Air conditioning 279 19.3 Practical application: Penthouse air conditioning 280 19.4 Self-assessment exercise: Ventilation 284 20 Electrical Services 285 20.1 Measurement information 285 20.2 Technology 288 20.3 Practical application: Penthouse small power 289 20.4 Self-assessment exercise: Lighting 292 21 External Works 293 21.1 Measurement information 294 21.2 Technology 297 21.3 Practical application: Retaining walls 298 21.4 Self-assessment exercise: Fencing 304 22 Preliminaries 305 22.1 Introduction 305 22.2 Overheads and profi t 314 22.3 Practical application: Schedule of preliminaries 314 22.4 Self-assessment exercise: Weekly costs 316 23 Computer Aided Taking Off 317 23.1 Introduction 317 23.2 Screen based learning 317 23.3 Practical application: Click by click guide to CATO 319 23.4 Self-assessment exercise: CATO 327 24 Preparation of Bills of Quantities 329 24.1 BQ preparation 329 24.2 Practical application: Abstract and BQ for reinforced concrete frame 331 24.3 Self-assessment exercise: Abstract and BQ for substructure 338 References 339 Index 341

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Book SynopsisThe key to perfecting your communication strategy Great communication skills can make all the difference in yourpersonal and professional life, and expert author Elizabeth Kuhnkeshares with you her top tips for successful communication in anysituation.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Honing Your Communication Skills 7 Chapter 1: Grasping the Finer Points of Great Communication 9 Chapter 2: Knowing What You Want to Achieve 27 Chapter 3: Valuing Different Communication Styles 43 Part II: Being Receptive to Others 55 Chapter 4: Listening Actively for Total Understanding 57 Chapter 5: Establishing Rapport for Effective Communication 71 Part III: Putting Your Mind and Body into Your Message 89 Chapter 6: Choosing the Right Attitude 91 Chapter 7: Speaking with Clarity 109 Chapter 8: Conveying Messages through Movements 127 Part IV: Managing Communication Challenges 143 Chapter 9: Getting Yourself Out of Sticky Situations 145 Chapter 10: Negotiating with Finesse 159 Chapter 11: Communicating Across Cultures 171 Part V: Communicating Across Distances 185 Chapter 12: Communicating Successfully through Technology 187 Chapter 13: Communicating over the Phone 203 Chapter 14: Putting Pen to Paper for Positive Effect 213 Part VI: The Part of Tens 225 Chapter 15: Ten Top Tips for Speaking Face to Face 227 Chapter 16: Ten Essential Tips for Effective Communication 235 Index 243

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Book SynopsisGetting mixed signals in your signalsand systems course? The concepts covered in a typical signalsand systems course are often considered by engineering students to be some of the most difficult to master. Thankfully, Signals & Systems For Dummies is your intuitive guide to this tricky course, walking you step-by-step through some of the more complex theories and mathematical formulas in a way that is easy to understand. From Laplace Transforms to Fourier Analyses, Signals & Systems For Dummies explains in plain English the difficult concepts that can trip you up. Perfect as a study aid or to complement your classroom texts, this friendly,hands-on guide makes it easy tofigure outthe fundamentals of signal and system analysis. Serves as a useful tool for electrical and computer engineering students looking to grasp signal and system analysis Provideshelpful explanations of complex concepts and techniques related to signals and systemTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 1 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 How This Book Is Organized 2 Part I: Getting Started with Signals and Systems 3 Part II: Exploring the Time Domain 3 Part III: Picking Up the Frequency Domain 3 Part IV: Entering the s- and z-Domains 3 Part V: The Part of Tens 4 Icons Used in This Book 4 Where to Go from Here 4 Part I: Getting Started with Signals and Systems 7 Chapter 1: Introducing Signals and Systems 9 Applying Mathematics 10 Getting Mixed Signals and Systems 11 Going on and on and on 11 Working in spurts: Discrete-time signals and systems 13 Classifying Signals 14 Periodic 14 Aperiodic 15 Random 15 Signals and Systems in Other Domains 16 Viewing signals in the frequency domain 16 Traveling to the s- or z-domain and back 18 Testing Product Concepts with Behavioral Level Modeling 18 Staying abstract to generate ideas 19 Working from the top down 19 Relying on mathematics 20 Exploring Familiar Signals and Systems 20 MP3 music player 21 Smartphone 22 Automobile cruise control 22 Using Computer Tools for Modeling and Simulation 23 Getting the software 24 Exploring the interfaces 25 Seeing the Big Picture 26 Chapter 2: Brushing Up on Math 29 Revealing Unknowns with Algebra 29 Solving for two variables 30 Checking solutions with computer tools 30 Exploring partial fraction expansion 31 Making Nice Signal Models with Trig Functions 35 Manipulating Numbers: Essential Complex Arithmetic 36 Believing in imaginary numbers 37 Operating with the basics 39 Applying Euler’s identities 41 Applying the phasor addition formula 42 Catching Up with Calculus 44 Differentiation 44 Integration 45 System performance 47 Geometric series 48 Finding Polynomial Roots 50 Chapter 3: Continuous-Time Signals and Systems 51 Considering Signal Types 52 Exponential and sinusoidal signals 52 Singularity and other special signal types 55 Getting Hip to Signal Classifications 60 Deterministic and random 60 Periodic and aperiodic 62 Considering power and energy 63 Even and odd signals 68 Transforming Simple Signals 69 Time shifting 69 Flipping the time axis 70 Putting it together: Shift and flip 70 Superimposing signals 71 Checking Out System Properties 72 Linear and nonlinear 73 Time-invariant and time varying 73 Causal and non-causal 74 Memory and memoryless 74 Bounded-input bounded-output 75 Choosing Linear and Time-Invariant Systems 75 Chapter 4: Discrete-Time Signals and Systems 77 Exploring Signal Types 77 Exponential and sinusoidal signals 78 Special signals 80 Surveying Signal Classifications in the Discrete-Time World 83 Deterministic and random signals 84 Periodic and aperiodic 85 Recognizing energy and power signals 88 Computer Processing: Capturing Real Signals in Discrete-Time 89 Capturing and reading a wav file 90 Finding the signal energy 91 Classifying Systems in Discrete-Time 92 Checking linearity 92 Investigating time invariance 93 Looking into causality 93 Figuring out memory 94 Testing for BIBO stability 95 Part II: Exploring the Time Domain 97 Chapter 5: Continuous-Time LTI Systems and the Convolution Integral 99 Establishing a General Input/Output Relationship 100 LTI systems and the impulse response 100 Developing the convolution integral 101 Looking at useful convolution integral properties 103 Working with the Convolution Integral 105 Seeing the general solution first 105 Solving problems with finite extent signals 107 Dealing with semi-infinite limits 111 Stepping Out and More 116 Step response from impulse response 116 BIBO stability implications 117 Causality and the impulse response 117 Chapter 6: Discrete-Time LTI Systems and the Convolution Sum 119 Specializing the Input/Output Relationship 120 Using LTI systems and the impulse response (sequence) 120 Getting to the convolution sum 121 Simplifying with Convolution Sum Properties and Techniques 124 Applying commutative, associative, and distributive properties 124 Convolving with the impulse function 126 Transforming a sequence 126 Solving convolution of finite duration sequences 128 Working with the Convolution Sum 133 Using spreadsheets and a tabular approach 133 Attacking the sum directly with geometric series 136 Connecting the step response and impulse response 144 Checking the BIBO stability 145 Checking for system causality 146 Chapter 7: LTI System Differential and Difference Equations in the Time Domain 149 Getting Differential 150 Introducing the general Nth-order system 150 Considering sinusoidal outputs in steady state 151 Finding the frequency response in general Nth-order LCC differential equations 153 Checking out the Difference Equations 156 Modeling a system using a general Nth-order LCC difference equation 156 Using recursion to find the impulse response of a first-order system 158 Considering sinusoidal outputs in steady state 159 Solving for the general Nth-order LCC difference equation frequency response 161 Part III: Picking Up the Frequency Domain 163 Chapter 8: Line Spectra and Fourier Series of Periodic Continuous-Time Signals 165 Sinusoids in the Frequency Domain 166 Viewing signals from the amplitude, phase, and frequency parameters 167 Forming magnitude and phase line spectra plots 168 Working with symmetry properties for real signals 171 Exploring spectral occupancy and shared resources 171 Establishing a sum of sinusoids: Periodic and aperiodic 172 General Periodic Signals: The Fourier Series Representation 175 Analysis: Finding the coefficients 176 Synthesis: Returning to a general periodic signal, almost 178 Checking out waveform examples 179 Working problems with coefficient formulas and properties 186 Chapter 9: The Fourier Transform for Continuous-Time Signals and Systems 191 Tapping into the Frequency Domain for Aperiodic Energy Signals 192 Working with the Fourier series 192 Using the Fourier transform and its inverse 194 Getting amplitude and phase spectra 197 Seeing the symmetry properties for real signals 197 Finding energy spectral density with Parseval’s theorem 201 Applying Fourier transform theorems 203 Checking out transform pairs 208 Getting Around the Rules with Fourier Transforms in the Limit 210 Handling singularity functions 210 Unifying the spectral view with periodic signals 211 LTI Systems in the Frequency Domain 213 Checking out the frequency response 214 Evaluating properties of the frequency response 214 Getting connected with cascade and parallel systems 216 Ideal filters 216 Realizable filters 218 Chapter 10: Sampling Theory 219 Seeing the Need for Sampling Theory 220 Periodic Sampling of a Signal: The ADC 221 Analyzing the Impact of Quantization Errors in the ADC 226 Analyzing Signals in the Frequency Domain 228 Impulse train to impulse train Fourier transform theorem 229 Finding the spectrum of a sampled bandlimited signal 230 Aliasing and the folded spectrum 233 Applying the Low-Pass Sampling Theorem 233 Reconstructing a Bandlimited Signal from Its Samples: The DAC 234 Interpolating with an ideal low-pass filter 236 Using a realizable low-pass filter for interpolation 239 Chapter 11: The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform for Discrete-Time Signals 241 Getting to Know DTFT 242 Checking out DTFT properties 243 Relating the continuous-time spectrum to the discrete-time spectrum 244 Getting even (or odd) symmetry properties for real signals 245 Studying transform theorems and pairs 249 Working with Special Signals 252 Getting mean-square convergence 252 Finding Fourier transforms in the limit 255 LTI Systems in the Frequency Domain 258 Taking Advantage of the Convolution Theorem 260 Chapter 12: The Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms 263 Establishing the Discrete Fourier Transform 264 The DFT/IDFT Pair 265 DFT Theorems and Properties 270 Carrying on from the DTFT 271 Circular sequence shift 272 Circular convolution 274 Computing the DFT with the Fast Fourier Transform 277 Decimation-in-time FFT algorithm 277 Computing the inverse FFT 280 Application Example: Transform Domain Filtering 280 Making circular convolution perform linear convolution 281 Using overlap and add to continuously filter sequences 281 Part IV: Entering the s- and z-Domains 283 Chapter 13: The Laplace Transform for Continuous-Time 285 Seeing Double: The Two-Sided Laplace Transform 286 Finding direction with the ROC 286 Locating poles and zeros 288 Checking stability for LTI systems with the ROC 289 Checking stability of causal systems through pole positions 290 Digging into the One-Sided Laplace Transform 290 Checking Out LT Properties 292 Transform theorems 292 Transform pairs 296 Getting Back to the Time Domain 298 Dealing with distinct poles 299 Working double time with twin poles 299 Completing inversion 299 Using tables to complete the inverse Laplace transform 300 Working with the System Function 302 Managing nonzero initial conditions 303 Checking the frequency response with pole-zero location 304 Chapter 14: The z-Transform for Discrete-Time Signals 307 The Two-Sided z-Transform 308 The Region of Convergence 309 The significance of the ROC 309 Plotting poles and zeros 311 The ROC and stability for LTI systems 311 Finite length sequences 313 Returning to the Time Domain 315 Working with distinct poles 316 Managing twin poles 316 Performing inversion 317 Using the table-lookup approach 317 Surveying z-Transform Properties 320 Transform theorems 321 Transform pairs 322 Leveraging the System Function 323 Applying the convolution theorem 324 Finding the frequency response with pole-zero geometry 325 Chapter 15: Putting It All Together: Analysis and Modeling Across Domains 327 Relating Domains 328 Using PyLab for LCC Differential and Difference Equations 329 Continuous time 330 Discrete time 332 Mashing Domains in Real-World Cases 334 Problem 1: Analog filter design with a twist 334 Problem 2: Solving the DAC ZOH droop problem in the z-domain 340 Part V: The Part of Tens 343 Chapter 16: More Than Ten Common Mistakes to Avoid When Solving Problems 345 Miscalculating the Folding Frequency 345 Getting Confused about Causality 346 Plotting Errors in Sinusoid Amplitude Spectra 346 Missing Your Arctan Angle 347 Being Unfamiliar with Calculator Functions 347 Foregoing the Return to LCCDE 348 Ignoring the Convolution Output Interval 348 Forgetting to Reduce the Numerator Order before Partial Fractions 348 Forgetting about Poles and Zeros from H(z) 349 Missing Time Delay Theorems 349 Disregarding the Action of the Unit Step in Convolution 349 Chapter 17: Ten Properties You Never Want to Forget 351 LTI System Stability 351 Convolving Rectangles 351 The Convolution Theorem 352 Frequency Response Magnitude 352 Convolution with Impulse Functions 352 Spectrum at DC 353 Frequency Samples of N-point DFT 353 Integrator and Accumulator Unstable 353 The Spectrum of a Rectangular Pulse 354 Odd Half-Wave Symmetry and Fourier Series Harmonics 354 Index 355

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Book SynopsisThe recent rise to prominence of renewable energy and energy efficiency has been driven by their potential to lower the environmental impacts of energy use. As these technologies mature they must demonstrate not only their environmental benefits, but also their economic competitiveness.Table of ContentsSymbols, Units and Abbreviations ix About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Aim 4 1.3 Aspects of renewable energy project appraisal 6 1.4 Book layout 8 References 10 2 Technologies 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Key concepts 11 2.2.1 Heat of combustion 12 2.2.2 Efficiency 12 2.2.3 Rated power and energy 12 2.2.4 Capacity and availability factors 13 2.2.5 Technology learning 13 2.3 Electrical power generation 14 2.3.1 Natural-gas-fired power plant 14 2.3.2 Coal-fired power plant 15 2.3.3 Hydropower 17 2.3.4 Wind power 19 2.3.5 Ocean energy 22 2.3.6 Photovoltaics 25 2.4 Heat generation 28 2.4.1 Boilers 28 2.4.2 Solar water heaters 30 2.5 Combined heat and power 34 2.5.1 Micro-CHP 36 2.5.2 CHP engines 37 2.5.3 CHP turbines 37 2.5.4 Combined heat, power and cooling 38 2.6 Energy storage 39 2.6.1 Electrical 40 2.6.2 Pumped hydroelectric storage 40 2.6.3 Compressed air energy storage 42 2.6.4 Thermal energy storage 44 2.7 Energy efficiency 45 2.7.1 Thermal insulation 46 2.7.2 High-efficiency lighting 48 References 50 3 Modelling Energy Systems 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 System, model and simulation 54 3.2.1 Systems 54 3.2.2 Models 58 3.2.3 Simulation 71 3.3 Modelling and simulating energy systems 76 3.3.1 Steps in simulating energy projects 76 3.3.2 Simulation tools 79 3.3.3 Data sources 79 3.4 Case studies 83 3.4.1 Office PV system 83 3.4.2 Gas heat pump for data room cooling 87 3.4.3 Compressed air energy storage 90 3.5 Conclusions 93 References 95 4 Financial Analysis 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Fundamentals 98 4.2.1 Investor perspective 98 4.2.2 Types of projects and decisions 99 4.2.3 Cash flows 100 4.2.4 Real and nominal prices 104 4.2.5 Present value 106 4.2.6 Discount rates 109 4.2.7 Taxation and depreciation 112 4.2.8 Unequal project lifespan 114 4.3 Financial measures 116 4.3.1 Payback and discounted payback periods 117 4.3.2 Return on investment 120 4.3.3 Profitability index and savings-to-investment ratio 121 4.3.4 Net present value 123 4.3.5 Internal Rate of Return 127 4.3.6 Life cycle cost 131 4.3.7 Levelised Cost of Energy 132 4.3.8 Uncertainty and risk 134 4.3.9 Financial measures compared 136 4.4 Case studies 139 4.4.1 Municipal bus fleet conversion to compressed natural gas 139 4.4.2 New wind farm development 142 4.5 Conclusion 148 References 149 5 Multi-Criteria Analysis 151 5.1 General 151 5.2 Simple non-compensatory methods 152 5.2.1 Introduction 152 5.2.2 Dominance 153 5.2.3 Satisficing methods 155 5.2.4 Sequential elimination methods 157 5.2.5 Attitude-oriented methods 158 5.3 Simple additive weighting method 160 5.3.1 Basic simple additive weighting method 160 5.3.2 Sensitivity analysis of baseline SAW results 163 5.3.3 Assigning weights to the decision criteria 164 5.4 Analytic hierarchy process 168 5.4.1 Introduction 168 5.4.2 Hierarchies 169 5.4.3 Establishing priorities within hierarchies 169 5.4.4 Establishing and calculating priorities 171 5.4.5 Deriving priorities using an approximation method 172 5.4.6 Deriving exact priorities using the iterative Eigenvector method 173 5.5 Concordance analysis 181 5.5.1 Introduction 181 5.5.2 PROMETHEE I 184 5.5.3 ELECTRE TRI 188 5.6 Site selection for wind farms – a case study from Cavan (Ireland) 189 5.6.1 Introduction 189 5.6.2 National and international guidance 189 5.6.3 Decision framework chosen 194 5.6.4 Decision model utilised to categorise each of the 18 sites 195 5.6.5 Selection of potentially suitable sites 198 5.6.6 Concluding comment on case studies 198 5.7 Concluding comments on MCDA models 200 References 202 6 Policy Aspects 203 6.1 Energy policy context 203 6.2 Energy policy overview 206 6.2.1 Policy instruments and targets 206 6.2.2 Designing policy instruments 208 6.3 Marginal abatement cost 210 6.3.1 Environmental life cycle assessment 211 6.3.2 Estimating marginal abatement costs 221 6.4 Subsidy design 224 6.4.1 Types of energy subsidies 224 6.4.2 Calculating feed-in-tariffs 226 6.5 Social cost–benefit analysis 230 6.5.1 Define the objective and identify base case 231 6.5.2 Identify costs and benefits 231 6.5.3 Value costs and benefits 233 6.5.4 Discount the costs and benefits 235 6.5.5 Interpret results 237 6.5.6 Assess who bears the costs and benefits 237 6.5.7 Uncertainty 238 6.5.8 Make decision 238 6.6 Case studies 238 6.6.1 Marginal abatement costs of emission mitigation options in a building estate 238 6.6.2 PV feed-in-tariff design 243 6.7 Conclusions 248 References 248 Appendix A: Table of Discount Factors 251 Index 253

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Book SynopsisWith the growth in renewable energy (RE) generation installed capacity, many countries such as the UK are relying on higher levels of RE generation to meet targets for reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In the face of this, the integration issue is now of increasing concern, in particular to system operators.Table of ContentsForeword xv Preface to the First Edition xix Preface to the Second Edition xxi Acknowledgements xxiii About the Companion Website xxv 1 Energy and Electricity 1 1.1 The World Energy Scene 1 1.1.1 History 1 1.1.2 World Energy Consumption 1 1.1.3 Finite Resources 2 1.1.4 Energy Security and Disparity of Use 3 1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use 4 1.2.1 The Problem 4 1.2.2 The Science 5 1.2.3 The Kyoto Protocol 7 1.2.4 Economics of Mitigation 10 1.2.5 Efficient Energy Use 11 1.2.6 The Electricity Sector 14 1.2.7 Possible Solutions and Sustainability 15 1.3 Generating Electricity 16 1.3.1 Conversion from Other Energy Forms – The Importance of Efficiency 16 1.3.2 The Nuclear Path 17 1.3.3 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 17 1.3.4 Renewables 18 1.4 The Electrical Power System 20 1.4.1 Structure of the Electrical Power System 20 1.4.2 Integrating Renewables into Power Systems 23 1.4.3 Distributed Generation 23 1.4.4 Renewable Energy Penetration 24 1.4.5 Network Stability 25 References 25 2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear 28 2.3 Hydroelectric Power 29 2.3.1 Large-Scale Hydro 30 2.3.2 Small Hydro 31 2.3.2.1 Turbine Designs 32 2.4 Wind Power 33 2.4.1 The Resource 33 2.4.2 Wind Variability 34 2.4.3 Wind Turbines 37 2.4.4 Power Variability 40 2.4.4.1 Variability from Second to Second 40 2.4.4.2 Variability from Minute to Minute 41 2.4.4.3 Variability from Hour to Hour and from Day-to-Day 41 2.4.4.4 Seasonal Variability 42 2.4.5 Offshore Wind 42 2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity 47 2.5.1 The Resource 47 2.5.2 The Technology 49 2.5.3 Photovoltaic Systems 49 2.5.4 Solar Thermal Electric Systems 52 2.6 Tidal Power 54 2.6.1 The Resource 54 2.6.2 Tidal Enhancement 54 2.6.2.1 Funnelling 54 2.6.2.2 Resonance 55 2.6.2.3 Coriolis Effect 55 2.6.3 Tidal Barrages 55 2.6.4 Operational Strategies 55 2.6.4.1 Power Variability 56 2.6.5 Tidal Current Schemes 57 2.7 Wave Power 59 2.7.1 The Resource 59 2.7.2 The Technology 59 2.7.3 Variability 60 2.8 Biomass 62 2.8.1 The Resource 62 2.8.2 Resource Sustainability 62 2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics 63 2.10 Combining Sources 64 References 65 3 Power Balance/Frequency Control 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.1.1 The Power Balance Issue 67 3.2 Electricity Demand 68 3.2.1 Demand Curves 68 3.2.2 Load Aggregation 69 3.2.3 Demand-Side Management – Deferrable Loads 70 3.3 Power Governing 71 3.3.1 Power Conversion Chain 71 3.3.2 Governor Steady State Characteristics 72 3.3.3 Parallel Operation of Two Generators 73 3.3.4 A Multi-Generator System 74 3.3.5 The Steady State Power–Frequency Relationship 75 3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems 76 3.4.1 Demand Matching 76 3.4.2 Demand Forecasting 77 3.4.3 Frequency Limits 79 3.4.4 Generation Scheduling and Reserve 79 3.4.5 Frequency Control at Different Timescales 80 3.4.6 Meeting Demand and Ensuring Reliability 82 3.4.7 Capacity Factor and Capacity Credit 83 3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control and Reliability 84 3.5.1 Introduction 84 3.5.2 Aggregation of Sources 85 3.5.2.1 The Monthly Distribution of Power Availability 85 3.5.2.2 The Daily Distribution of Power Availability 85 3.5.2.3 Short Term Variability 86 3.5.2.4 The Capacity Factor 86 3.5.3 Value of Energy from the Wind 88 3.5.4 Impact on Balancing 88 3.5.5 Impact on Reliability 90 3.5.6 Discarded/Curtailed Energy 91 3.5.7 Overall Penalties Due to Increasing Penetration 92 3.5.8 Combining Different Renewable Sources 92 3.5.9 Differences Between Electricity Systems 93 3.5.10 Limits of Penetration from Non-Dispatchable Sources 94 3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables 96 3.6.1.1 Wind Power 96 3.6.1.2 Biofuels 100 3.6.1.3 Waterpower 100 3.6.1.4 Photovoltaics 100 3.7 Frequency Control Modelling 101 3.7.1 Background 101 3.7.1.1 Modelling a Generator 101 3.7.1.2 Modelling Released Demand 102 3.7.1.3 Modelling the Grid’s Inertial Energy Store 102 3.7.2 A Modelling Example 103 3.8 Energy Storage 105 3.8.1 Introduction 105 3.8.2 Storage Devices 106 3.8.3 Dynamic Demand Control 108 References 111 Further Reading 113 4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning 115 4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form 115 4.2 The Synchronous Generator 116 4.2.1 Construction and Mode of Operation 116 4.2.2 The Rotating Magnetic Field 119 4.2.3 Synchronous Generator Operation When Grid Connected 120 4.2.4 The Synchronous Generator Equivalent Circuit 122 4.2.5 Power Transfer Equations 123 4.2.6 Three-Phase Equations 124 4.2.7 Four-Quadrant Operation 125 4.2.8 Power–Load Angle Characteristic 125 4.3 The Transformer 126 4.3.1 Transformer Basics 126 4.3.2 The Transformer Equivalent Circuit 128 4.3.3 Further Details on Transformers 129 4.4 The Asynchronous Generator 130 4.4.1 Construction and Properties 130 4.4.2 The Induction Machine Equivalent Circuit 132 4.4.3 The Induction Machine Efficiency 134 4.4.4 The Induction Machine Speed-Torque Characteristic 134 4.4.5 Induction Generator Reactive Power 137 4.4.6 Comparison Between Synchronous and Asynchronous Generators 137 4.5 Power Electronics 139 4.5.1 Introduction 139 4.5.2 Power-Semiconductor Devices 139 4.5.2.1 Diodes 139 4.5.2.2 Thyristors 139 4.5.2.3 Transistors 140 4.5.3 Diode Bridge Rectifier 141 4.5.4 Harmonics 142 4.5.5 The Thyristor Bridge Converter 143 4.5.6 The Transistor Bridge 145 4.5.6.1 Basic Square Wave 146 4.5.6.2 Quasi-Sine Wave (Modified Square Wave) 146 4.5.6.3 Pulse-Width Modulation 146 4.5.6.4 Comparison of Switching Methods 148 4.5.6.5 Output Control in a Grid-Connected Inverter 148 4.5.6.6 The Three-Phase Bridge 149 4.5.7 Converter Internal Control Systems 149 4.5.8 DC–DC Converters 150 4.5.8.1 Step-Down DC–DC Converter 150 4.5.8.2 Step-Up DC–DC Converter 150 4.5.9 Multi-Level Converters 151 4.5.10 Matrix Converters 151 4.5.11 Z-Source Converters 151 4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators 152 4.6.1 Applications to PV Systems 152 4.6.1.1 PV System Characteristics 152 4.6.1.2 Basic Grid-Connected PV Inverter 153 4.6.1.3 Transformerless Grid-Connected PV Inverter 153 4.6.1.4 PV Inverter Using a High-Frequency Transformer 154 4.6.1.5 PV Inverter Using a Steering Bridge 154 4.6.1.6 PV Inverters for Stand-Alone Operation 155 4.6.2 Applications to Wind Power 155 4.6.2.1 Fixed Versus Variable Speed – Energy Capture [4] 155 4.6.2.2 Fixed Versus Variable Speed – Dynamics 156 4.6.3 Synchronous Generator Supplying an Autonomous Network 157 4.6.3.1 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines 157 4.6.3.2 Variable Slip Wind Turbines 158 4.6.4 The Principle of Slip Energy Recovery 159 4.6.4.1 DFIG Wind Turbines 160 4.6.4.2 Wind Turbines with Full Converters 162 4.6.5 Synchronous Generators in Wind Turbines 162 4.6.6 Gearless Wind Turbines 163 4.6.7 Hybrid Drive Train Designs 164 4.6.8 DC Transmission for Wind 165 4.7 Applications to Small Scale Hydro 166 4.8 Applications to Tidal Stream Turbines 167 References 168 5 Power-System Analysis 171 5.1 Introduction 171 5.2 The Transmission System 171 5.2.1 Single-Phase Representation 173 5.2.2 Transmission and Distribution Systems 173 5.2.3 Example Networks 174 5.3 Voltage Control 176 5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line 178 5.4.1 Electrical Characteristics of Lines and Cables 178 5.4.2 Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit 178 5.4.3 Voltage Drop Calculation 179 5.4.4 Simplifications and Conclusions 180 5.5 Reactive Power Management 181 5.5.1 Reactive Power Compensation Equipment 182 5.5.1.1 Tap Changers and Voltage Regulators 182 5.5.1.2 AVRs 183 5.5.1.3 Static Compensators 184 5.5.1.4 FACTS 184 5.5.1.5 RE Generator Interfaces 184 5.6 Load-Flow and Power-System Simulation 184 5.6.1 Uses of Load Flow 184 5.6.2 A Particular Case 185 5.6.3 Network Data 186 5.6.4 Load/Generation Data 186 5.6.4.1 Time Dependence 186 5.6.4.2 Types of Nodes (Buses) 187 5.6.5 The Load-Flow Calculations 188 5.6.6 Results 189 5.6.7 Unbalanced Load-Flow 189 5.7 Faults and Protection 190 5.7.1 Short-Circuit Fault Currents 191 5.7.2 Symmetrical Three-Phase Fault Current 191 5.7.3 Fault Currents in General 191 5.7.4 Fault Level (Short-Circuit Level) –Weak Grids 192 5.7.5 Thévenin Equivalent Circuit 193 5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations 193 5.9 Power-System Stability 194 5.9.1 Equal Area Stability Criterion 195 5.9.2 Power-System Stabilisers 196 5.10 Dynamic Line Rating 196 5.11 Reliability Analysis 197 References 197 6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems 199 6.1 Distributed Generation 199 6.1.1 Introduction 199 6.1.2 Point of Common Coupling (PCC) 200 6.1.3 Connection Voltage 200 6.2 Voltage Effects 201 6.2.1 Steady State Voltage Rise 201 6.2.2 Automatic Voltage Control – Tap Changers 202 6.2.3 Active and Reactive Power from Renewable Energy Generators 203 6.2.4 Example Load Flow 204 6.3 Thermal Limits 207 6.3.1 Overhead Lines and Cables 207 6.3.2 Transformers 208 6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues 208 6.4.1 Flicker, Voltage Steps and Dips 208 6.4.1.1 Flicker 208 6.4.1.2 Steps and Dips 209 6.4.2 Harmonics/Distortion 209 6.4.3 Phase Voltage Imbalance 210 6.4.4 Network Reinforcement 211 6.4.5 Network Losses 211 6.4.6 Fault Level Increase 211 6.5 Islanding 212 6.5.1 Introduction 212 6.5.2 Loss-of-Mains Protection for Rotating Machines 213 6.5.3 Loss-of-Mains Protection for Inverters 213 6.6 Fault Ride-Through 214 6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics 215 References 216 7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market 219 7.1 Introduction 219 7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation 219 7.2.1 Capital and Running Costs of Renewable and Conventional Generation Plant 219 7.2.2 Total Generation Costs 221 7.3 Economic Optimisation in Power Systems 221 7.3.1 Diversity of Generator Characteristics in a Power System 221 7.3.2 Optimum Economic Dispatch 221 7.3.3 Equal Incremental Cost Dispatch 224 7.3.4 OED with Several Units and Generation Limits 225 7.3.5 Costs on a Level Playing Field 228 7.4 External Costs 229 7.4.1 Introduction 229 7.4.2 Types of External Cost 230 7.4.3 The Kyoto Protocol and Subsequent Agreements 231 7.4.4 Costing Pollution 233 7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation 234 7.5.1 Value of Energy At Various Points of the Network 234 7.5.2 An Example Cash-Flow Analysis 235 7.5.3 Value of Embedded Generation – Regional and Local Issues 237 7.5.4 Capacity Credit 238 7.5.5 Summary 241 7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy 241 7.6.1 Introduction 241 7.6.2 Feed-in Law 242 7.6.3 Quota System 242 7.6.3.1 Renewables Obligation (RO) 242 7.6.3.2 Contract for Difference (CFD) 243 7.6.4 Carbon Tax 243 7.6.4.1 Climate Change Levy 243 7.6.4.2 Eco-Tax Reform 243 7.6.4.3 Tax Relief 244 7.7 Electricity Markets 244 7.7.1 Introduction 244 7.7.2 The UK Electricity Supply Industry 244 7.7.2.1 The State-Owned Central Electricity-Generating Board 244 7.7.2.2 The Electricity Pool 244 7.7.2.3 The Operation of the Pool and Pool Rules 245 7.7.2.4 Hedging 246 7.7.2.5 Electricity Market Reform (EMR) 247 7.7.2.6 Ancillary Services 247 7.7.2.7 Marketing Green Electricity 248 References 248 8 The Future – Towards a Sustainable Electricity Supply System 249 8.1 Introduction 249 8.2 The Future of Wind Power 251 8.2.1 Large Wind Turbines 251 8.2.2 Offshore Wind Farm Development 254 8.2.2.1 Electrical Integration 256 8.2.2.2 DC Transmission for Wind 257 8.2.2.3 Innovative Collector Systems 257 8.2.2.4 A Proposed European DC Supergrid 257 8.2.2.5 Smarter Wind Farms 260 8.2.3 Building Integrated Wind Turbines 262 8.3 The Future of Solar Power 264 8.3.1 PV Technology Development 264 8.3.1.1 Different Deployment Options 265 8.3.2 Solar Thermal Electric Systems 267 8.4 The Future of Biofuels 268 8.5 Geothermal Power 271 8.6 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power 271 8.7 The Shape of Future Networks 272 8.7.1 Transmission System Evolution 273 8.7.2 Low Inertia Power Systems 275 8.7.3 Distribution Network Evolution 276 8.7.3.1 Active Networks 277 8.7.4 Problems Associated with Distributed Generation 278 8.7.4.1 Fault Levels 278 8.7.4.2 Voltage Levels 278 8.7.4.3 Network Security 279 8.7.4.4 Network Stability 279 8.7.5 Options to Ameliorate the Technical Difficulties 279 8.7.5.1 Planning Standards 279 8.7.5.2 Using Power Electronics Technology 279 8.7.5.3 Islanding 280 8.7.5.4 Dynamic Loads 280 8.7.5.5 Demand-Side Management of Loads 281 8.7.5.6 Storage 282 8.7.5.7 Microgrids 282 8.7.5.8 Virtual Power Stations 283 8.8 Conclusions 283 References 285 Appendix A Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts 289 A.1 Introduction 289 A.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy 289 A.3 Why AC? 291 A.4 AC Waveforms 291 A.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC 292 A.5.1 Resistance 292 A.5.2 Inductance 293 A.5.3 Capacitance 295 A.6 Phasors 296 A.7 Phasor Addition 297 A.8 Rectangular Notation 298 A.9 Reactance and Impedance 300 A.9.1 Resistance 300 A.9.2 Inductance 301 A.9.3 Capacitance 301 A.9.4 Impedance 301 A.10 Power in AC Circuits 302 A.11 Reactive Power 304 A.12 Complex Power 305 A.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power 306 A.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow – Power Factor Correction 307 A.15 Three-Phase AC 308 A.16 The Thévenin Equivalent Circuit 310 Reference 311 Index 313

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Book SynopsisThe 2nd edition provides an update of information since the publication of the first edition including best practices for managing process safety developed by industry as well as incorporate the additional process safety elements. In addition the book includes a focus on maintaining and improving a Process Safety Management (PSM) System. This 2nd edition also provides how to information to determine process safety performance status, implement one or more new elements into an existing PSM system, maintain or improve an existing PSM system, and manage future process safety performance.Table of ContentsFiles on the Web Accompanying this Book xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xv Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii Glossary xxi Acknowledgments xlix Preface li 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Background/History of PSM 5 1.3 Process Safety Resources 7 1.4 PSM Implementation Lessons 11 1.5 The Business Case for Process Safety 12 1.6 Importance of Integrating PSM with Business Systems 14 1.7 Intended Audience and How to Use These Guidelines 16 1.8 References 18 2 EVALUATING PSM SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE 19 2.1 The Modified Safety Triangle 19 2.2 Common Indicators at Each Level of the Triangle 21 2.3 Process Stages in the Company/Facility Life Cycle 22 2.4 Documenting Conclusions 31 2.5 References 35 3 PREPARING FOR PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT CHANGE 37 3.1 Securing Management Commitment 37 3.2 Establishing a Culture for Change 44 3.3 References 48 4 IMPLEMENTING A NEW PSM SYSTEM 49 4.1 Develop the Design Specification for the PSM System 49 4.2. Create Element and System Workflows 67 4.3 Estimate the Workloads and Resources 76 4.4 Develop Written Programs/Procedures 87 4.5 Roll Out the Elements and System 98 4.6 Monitor the PSM System's Implementation, Initial Performance, and Progress 113 4.7 References 115 5 INTEGRATING NEW ELEMENTS INTO AN EXISTING PSM SYSTEM 117 5.1 Developing a New Element 117 5.2 Integrating New Element Activities into Existing Elements 118 5.3 Implementing New RBPS Elements 118 5.4 Monitoring New Elements or Activities 133 5.5 References 134 6 IMPROVING AN EXISTING PSM ELEMENT OR SYSTEM 137 6.1 Determining Which Elements to Improve 137 6.2 Assessing the Program and Determining the Root Causes of Poor Performance 142 6.3 Improving the PSM Program 159 6.4 Developing the Solution for an Element or System 162 6.5 Monitoring Improvement of an Element or System 163 6.6 References 166 7 INTEGRATING PSM/HSE WITH A BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 167 7.1 Values and Policy Interfaces/Conflicts with Business Enterprise 168 7.2 Types of BMS Activities 168 7.3 Company and Regional Politics 179 7.4 Workflows/Processes of Existing BMS 179 7.5 Planned Changes to Existing BMS 179 7.6 Interfaces with Existing BMS 179 7.7 Resolving BMS Conflicts 179 7.8 References 180 8 MANAGING FUTURE PROCESS SAFETY PERFORMANCE 181 8.1 Ensure a Robust PSM System 181 8.2 Avoid Past PSM System Failure Modes 183 8.3 Watch for Early Warning Signs 186 8.4 Consider Other Enhancements 188 8.5 References 189 APPENDIX I: GLOBAL PSM REGULATIONS/GOOD INDUSTRY PRACTICES 191 APPENDIX II: ELI LILLY AND COMPANY PSM IMPLEMENTATION CASE STUDY 223 APPENDIX III: RISK BASED PROCESS SAFETY (RBPS)IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS 241 APPENDIX IV: THE BUSINESS CASE FOR PROCESS SAFETY 251 APPENDIX V: EXAMPLE FACILITY RANKING PROCESS 267 APPENDIX VI: EXAMPLE PRESENTATION ON PSM PLAN 271 APPENDIX VII: MAPPING PERFORMANCE ISSUES TO CULTURE FEATURES 275 INDEX 283

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Author xix Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxv List of Abbreviations xxvii Annotation xxix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Noise and Vibration 1 1.2 Noise and Vibration Analysis 2 1.3 Application Areas 3 1.4 Analysis of Noise and Vibrations 4 1.5 Standards 5 1.6 Becoming a Noise and Vibration Analysis Expert 5 2 Dynamic Signals and Systems 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Periodic Signals 11 2.3 Random Signals 16 2.4 Transient Signals 17 2.5 RMS Value and Power 18 2.6 Linear Systems 19 2.7 The Continuous Fourier Transform 29 2.8 Chapter Summary 35 2.9 Problems 36 References 38 3 Time Data Analysis 39 3.1 Introduction to Discrete Signals 39 3.2 The Sampling Theorem 40 3.3 Filters 48 3.4 Time Series Analysis 57 3.5 Chapter Summary 66 3.6 Problems 67 References 68 4 Statistics and Random Processes 71 4.1 Introduction to the Use of Statistics 71 4.2 Random Theory 73 4.3 Statistical Methods 83 4.4 Quality Assessment of Measured Signals 91 4.5 Chapter Summary 94 4.6 Problems 95 References 96 5 Fundamental Mechanics 97 5.1 Newton’s Laws 97 5.2 The Single Degree-of-Freedom System (SDOF) 98 5.3 Alternative Quantities for Describing Motion 106 5.4 Frequency Response Plot Formats 108 5.5 Determining Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio 113 5.6 Rotating Mass 115 5.7 Some Comments on Damping 116 5.8 Models Based on SDOF Approximations 118 5.9 The Two Degree of Freedom System (2DOF) 121 5.10 The Tuned Damper 123 5.11 Chapter Summary 125 5.12 Problems 126 References 127 6 Modal Analysis Theory 129 6.1 Waves on a String 129 6.2 Matrix Formulations 131 6.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 132 6.4 Frequency Response of MDOF Systems 146 6.5 Free Decays 155 6.6 Chapter Summary 156 6.7 Problems 157 References 158 7 Transducers for Noise and Vibration Analysis 159 7.1 The Piezoelectric Effect 159 7.2 The Charge Amplifier 160 7.3 Transducers with Built-In Impedance Converters, “IEPE” 162 7.4 The Piezoelectric Accelerometer 165 7.5 The Piezoelectric Force Transducer 170 7.6 The Impedance Head 171 7.7 The Impulse Hammer 172 7.8 Accelerometer Calibration 173 7.9 Measurement Microphones 174 7.10 Microphone Calibration 175 7.11 The Geophone 175 7.12 MEMS-based Sensors 176 7.13 Shakers for Structure Excitation 177 7.14 Some Comments on Measurement Procedures 178 7.15 Problems 180 References 181 8 Frequency Analysis Theory 183 8.1 Periodic Signals – The Fourier Series 183 8.2 Spectra of Periodic Signals 185 8.3 Random Processes 187 8.4 Transient Signals 189 8.5 Interpretation of Spectra 189 8.6 Chapter Summary 191 8.7 Problems 192 References 193 9 Experimental Frequency Analysis 195 9.1 Frequency Analysis Principles 195 9.2 Octave and Third-Octave Band Spectra 197 9.3 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 198 9.4 Chapter Summary 224 9.5 Problems 225 References 226 10 Spectrum and Correlation Estimates Using the DFT 229 10.1 Averaging 229 10.2 Spectrum Estimators for Periodic Signals 230 10.3 Estimators for PSD and CSD 233 10.4 Estimators for Correlation Functions 250 10.5 Estimators for Transient Signals 258 10.6 A Signal Processing Framework for Spectrum and Correlation Estimation 260 10.7 Spectrum Estimation in Practice 262 10.8 Multichannel Spectral and Correlation Analysis 273 10.9 Chapter Summary 276 10.10 Problems 277 References 278 11 Measurement and Analysis Systems 281 11.1 Principal Design 282 11.2 Hardware for Noise and Vibration Analysis 283 11.3 FFT Analysis Software 295 11.4 Chapter Summary 299 11.5 Problems 300 Problems 300 References 301 12 Rotating Machinery Analysis 303 12.1 Vibrations in Rotating Machines 303 12.2 Understanding Time–Frequency Analysis 304 12.3 Rotational Speed Signals (Tachometer Signals) 306 12.4 RPM Maps 308 12.5 Smearing 310 12.6 Order Tracks 312 12.7 Synchronous Sampling 314 12.8 Averaging Rotation-Speed-Dependent Signals 317 12.9 Adding Change in RMS with Time 318 12.10 Parametric Methods 322 12.11 Chapter Summary 323 12.12 Problems 324 References 325 13 Single-input Frequency Response Measurements 327 13.1 Linear Systems 328 13.2 Determining Frequency Response Experimentally 328 13.3 Important Relationships for Linear Systems 333 13.4 The Coherence Function 333 13.5 Errors in Determining the Frequency Response 334 13.6 Coherent Output Power 339 13.7 The Coherence Function in Practice 340 13.8 Impact Excitation 342 13.9 Shaker Excitation 351 13.10 Examples of FRF Estimation – No Extraneous Noise 357 13.11 Example of FRF Estimation – With Output Noise 360 13.12 Examples of FRF Estimation – With Input and Output Noise 362 13.13 Chapter Summary 365 13.14 Problems 367 References 368 14 Multiple-Input Frequency Response Measurement 369 14.1 Multiple-Input Systems 369 14.2 Conditioned Input Signals 377 14.3 Bias and Random Errors for Multiple-Input Systems 384 14.4 Excitation Signals for MIMO Analysis 384 14.5 Data Synthesis and Simulation Examples 387 14.6 Real MIMO Data Case 393 14.7 Chapter Summary 396 14.8 Problems 397 References 398 15 Orthogonalization of Signals 401 15.1 Principal Components 401 15.2 Virtual Signals 410 15.3 Noise Source Identification (NSI) 417 15.4 Chapter Summary 422 15.5 Problems 423 References 424 16 Experimental Modal Analysis 425 16.1 Introduction to Experimental Modal Analysis 425 16.2 Experimental Setup 427 16.3 Introduction to Modal Parameter Extraction 437 16.4 SDOF Parameter Extraction 440 16.5 The Unified Matrix Polynomial Approach, UMPA 443 16.6 Time Versus Frequency Domain Parameter Extraction for EMA 452 16.7 Time Domain Parameter Extraction Methods 454 16.8 Frequency Domain Parameter Extraction Methods 470 16.9 Methods for Mode Shape Estimation and Scaling 480 16.10 Evaluating the Extracted Parameters 486 16.11 Chapter Summary 489 16.12 Problems 491 References 492 17 Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) 495 17.1 Principles for OMA 496 17.2 Data Acquisition Principles 497 17.3 OMA Modal Parameter Extraction for OMA 498 17.4 Scaling OMA Modal Models 508 17.5 Chapter Summary 512 17.6 Problems 514 References 514 18 Advanced Analysis Methods 517 18.1 Shock Response Spectrum 517 18.2 The Hilbert Transform 520 18.3 Cepstrum Analysis 527 18.4 The Envelope Spectrum 531 18.5 Creating Random Signals with Known Spectral Density 533 18.6 Identifying Harmonics in Noise 535 18.7 Harmonic Removal 539 18.8 Chapter Summary 542 18.9 Problems 543 References 544 19 Practical Vibration Measurements and Analysis 547 19.1 Introduction to a Plexiglas Plate 547 19.2 Forced Response Simulation 550 19.3 Spectra of Periodic Signals 556 19.4 Spectra of Random Signals 559 19.5 Data with Random and Periodic Content 561 19.6 Operational Deflection Shapes – ODS 567 19.7 Impact Excitation and FRF Estimation 572 19.8 Plexiglas EMA Example 578 19.9 Methods for EMA Modal Parameter Estimation, MPE 585 19.10 Conclusions of EMA MPE 599 19.11 OMA Examples 600 References 622 Appendix A Complex Numbers 625 Appendix B Logarithmic Diagrams 629 Appendix C Decibels 633 Appendix D Some Elementary Matrix Algebra 635 Appendix E Eigenvalues and the SVD 639 E.1 Eigenvalues and Complex Matrices 639 E.2 The Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 640 Appendix F Organizations and Resources 643 Appendix G Checklist for Experimental Modal Analysis Testing 645 Bibliography 647 Index 659

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Book SynopsisA Comprehensive Reference for Electrochemical Engineering Theory and Application From chemical and electronics manufacturing, to hybrid vehicles, energy storage, and beyond, electrochemical engineering touches many industriesany many livesevery day. As energy conservation becomes of central importance, so too does the science that helps us reduce consumption, reduce waste, and lessen our impact on the planet. Electrochemical Engineering provides a reference for scientists and engineers working with electrochemical processes, and a rigorous, thorough text for graduate students and upper-division undergraduates. Merging theoretical concepts with widespread application, this book is designed to provide critical knowledge in a real-world context. Beginning with the fundamental principles underpinning the field, the discussion moves into industrial and manufacturing processes that blend central ideas to provide an advanced understanding while explaining observable results. Fully-worked iTable of ContentsPreface ix List of Symbols xi About the Companion Website xv 1. Introduction and Basic Principles 1Charles W. Tobias 1.1 Electrochemical Cells 1 1.2 Characteristics of Electrochemical Reactions 2 1.3 Importance of Electrochemical Systems 4 1.4 Scientific Units, Constants, Conventions 5 1.5 Faraday’s Law 6 1.6 Faradaic Efficiency 8 1.7 Current Density 9 1.8 Potential and Ohm’s Law 9 1.9 Electrochemical Systems: Example 10 Closure 13 Further Reading 13 Problems 13 2. Cell Potential and Thermodynamics 15Wendell Mitchell Latimer 2.1 Electrochemical Reactions 15 2.2 Cell Potential 15 2.3 Expression for Cell Potential 17 2.4 Standard Potentials 18 2.5 Effect of Temperature on Standard Potential 21 2.6 Simplified Activity Correction 22 2.7 Use of the Cell Potential 24 2.8 Equilibrium Constants 25 2.9 Pourbaix Diagrams 25 2.10 Cells with a Liquid Junction 27 2.11 Reference Electrodes 27 2.12 Equilibrium at Electrode Interface 30 2.13 Potential in Solution Due to Charge: Debye–Hückel Theory 31 2.14 Activities and Activity Coefficients 33 2.15 Estimation of Activity Coefficients 35 Closure 36 Further Reading 36 Problems 36 3. Electrochemical Kinetics 41Alexander Naumovich Frumkin 3.1 Double Layer 41 3.2 Impact of Potential on Reaction Rate 42 3.3 Use of the Butler–Volmer Kinetic Expression 46 3.4 Reaction Fundamentals 49 3.5 Simplified Forms of the Butler–Volmer Equation 50 3.6 Direct Fitting of the Butler–Volmer Equation 52 3.7 The Influence of Mass Transfer on the Reaction Rate 54 3.8 Use of Kinetic Expressions in Full Cells 55 3.9 Current Efficiency 58 Closure 58 Further Reading 59 Problems 59 4. Transport 63Carl Wagner 4.1 Fick’s Law 63 4.2 Nernst–Planck Equation 63 4.3 Conservation of Material 65 4.4 Transference Numbers, Mobilities, and Migration 71 4.5 Convective Mass Transfer 75 4.6 Concentration Overpotential 79 4.7 Current Distribution 81 4.8 Membrane Transport 86 Closure 87 Further Reading 88 Problems 88 5. Electrode Structures and Configurations 93John Newman 5.1 Mathematical Description of Porous Electrodes 94 5.2 Characterization of Porous Electrodes 96 5.3 Impact of Porous Electrode on Transport 97 5.4 Current Distributions in Porous Electrodes 98 5.5 The Gas–Liquid Interface in Porous Electrodes 102 5.6 Three-Phase Electrodes 103 5.7 Electrodes with Flow 105Closure 108 Further Reading 108 Problems 108 6. Electroanalytical Techniques and Analysis of Electrochemical Systems 113Jaroslav Heyrovský 6.1 Electrochemical Cells, Instrumentation, and Some Practical Issues 113 6.2 Overview 115 6.3 Step Change in Potential or Current for a Semi-Infinite Planar Electrode in a Stagnant Electrolyte 116 6.4 Electrode Kinetics and Double-Layer Charging 118 6.5 Cyclic Voltammetry 122 6.6 Stripping Analyses 127 6.7 Electrochemical Impedance 129 6.8 Rotating Disk Electrodes 136 6.9 iR Compensation 139 6.10 Microelectrodes 141 Closure 145 Further Reading 145 Problems 145 7. Battery Fundamentals 151John B. Goodenough 7.1 Components of a Cell 151 7.2 Classification of Batteries and Cell Chemistries 152 7.3 Theoretical Capacity and State of Charge 156 7.4 Cell Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance 158 7.5 Ragone Plots 163 7.6 Heat Generation 164 7.7 Efficiency of Secondary Cells 166 7.8 Charge Retention and Self-Discharge 167 7.9 Capacity Fade in Secondary Cells 168 Closure 169 Further Reading 169 Problems 169 8. Battery Applications: Cell and Battery Pack Design 175Esther Sans Takeuchi 8.1 Introduction to Battery Design 175 8.2 Battery Layout Using a Specific Cell Design 176 8.3 Scaling of Cells to Adjust Capacity 178 8.4 Electrode and Cell Design to Achieve Rate Capability 181 8.5 Cell Construction 183 8.6 Charging of Batteries 184 8.7 Use of Resistance to Characterize Battery Peformance 185 8.8 Battery Management 186 8.9 Thermal Management Systems 188 8.10 Mechanical Considerations 190 Closure 191 Further Reading 191 Problems 191 9. Fuel-Cell Fundamentals 195Supramaniam Srinivasan 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Types of Fuel Cells 197 9.3 Current–Voltage Characteristics and Polarizations 198 9.4 Effect of Operating Conditions and Maximum Power 202 9.5 Electrode Structure 205 9.6 Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells 206 9.7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 211Closure 215 Further Reading 215 Problems 216 10. Fuel-Cell Stack and System Design 223Francis Thomas Bacon 10.1 Introduction and Overview of Systems Analysis 223 10.2 Basic Stack Design Concepts 226 10.3 Cell Stack Configurations 228 10.4 Basic Construction and Components 229 10.5 Utilization of Oxidant and Fuel 231 10.6 Flow-Field Design 235 10.7 Water and Thermal Management 238 10.8 Structural–Mechanical Considerations 241 10.9 Case Study 245 Closure 247 Further Reading 247 Problems 247 11. Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors 251Brian Evans Conway 11.1 Capacitor Introduction 251 11.2 Electrical Double-Layer Capacitance 253 11.3 Current–Voltage Relationship for Capacitors 259 11.4 Porous EDLC Electrodes 261 11.5 Impedance Analysis of EDLCs 263 11.6 Full Cell EDLC Analysis 266 11.7 Power and Energy Capabilities 267 11.8 Cell Design, Practical Operation, and Electrochemical Capacitor Performance 269 11.9 Pseudo-Capacitance 271 Closure 273 Further Reading 273 Problems 273 12. Energy Storage and Conversion for Hybrid and Electrical Vehicles 277Ferdinand Porsche 12.1 Why Electric and Hybrid-Electric Systems? 277 12.2 Driving Schedules and Power Demand in Vehicles 279 12.3 Regenerative Braking 281 12.4 Battery Electrical Vehicle 282 12.5 Hybrid Vehicle Architectures 284 12.6 Start–Stop Hybrid 285 12.7 Batteries for Full-Hybrid Electric Vehicles 287 12.8 Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems for Vehicles 291 Closure 293 Further Reading 294 Problems 294 Appendix: Primer on Vehicle Dynamics 295 13. Electrodeposition 299Richard C. Alkire 13.1 Overview 299 13.2 Faraday’s Law and Deposit Thickness 300 13.3 Electrodeposition Fundamentals 300 13.4 Formation of Stable Nuclei 303 13.5 Nucleation Rates 305 13.6 Growth of Nuclei 308 13.7 Deposit Morphology 310 13.8 Additives 311 13.9 Impact of Current Distribution 312 13.10 Impact of Side Reactions 314 13.11 Resistive Substrates 316Closure 319 Further Reading 319 Problems 319 14. Industrial Electrolysis, Electrochemical Reactors, and Redox-Flow Batteries 323Fumio Hine 14.1 Overview of Industrial Electrolysis 323 14.2 Performance Measures 324 14.3 Voltage Losses and the Polarization Curve 328 14.4 Design of Electrochemical Reactors for Industrial Applications 331 14.5 Examples of Industrial Electrolytic Processes 337 14.6 Thermal Management and Cell Operation 341 14.7 Electrolytic Processes for a Sustainable Future 343 14.8 Redox-Flow Batteries 348 Closure 350 Further Reading 350 Problems 350 15. Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemical Cells 355Heinz Gerischer 15.1 Semiconductor Basics 355 15.2 Energy Scales 358 15.3 Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface 360 15.4 Current Flow in the Dark 363 15.5 Light Absorption 366 15.6 Photoelectrochemical Effects 368 15.7 Open-Circuit Voltage for Illuminated Electrodes 369 15.8 Photo-Electrochemical Cells 370 Closure 375 Further Reading 375 Problems 375 16. Corrosion 379Ulick Richardson Evans 16.1 Corrosion Fundamentals 379 16.2 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Systems 380 16.3 Corrosion Rate for Uniform Corrosion 383 16.4 Localized Corrosion 390 16.5 Corrosion Protection 394 Closure 399 Further Reading 399 Problems 399 Appendix A: Electrochemical Reactions and Standard Potentials 403 Appendix B: Fundamental Constants 404 Appendix C: Thermodynamic Data 405 Appendix D: Mechanics of Materials 408 Index 413

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Book SynopsisThis expanded new edition is specifically designed to meet the needs of the process industry, and closes the gap between theory and practice. Back-to-basics approach, with a focus on techniques that have an immediate practical application, and heavy maths relegated to the end of the book Written by an experienced practitioner, highly regarded by major corporations, with 25 years of teaching industry courses Supportstheincreasing expectations for Universities to teach more practical process control (supported by IChemE) Table of ContentsPreface x About the Author xv 1. Introduction 1 2. Process Dynamics 3 2.1 Definition 3 2.2 Cascade Control 10 2.3 Model Identification 12 2.4 Integrating Processes 26 2.5 Other Types of Process 29 2.6 Robustness 31 3. PID Algorithm 35 3.1 Definitions 35 3.2 Proportional Action 36 3.3 Integral Action 41 3.4 Derivative Action 43 3.5 Versions of Control Algorithm 49 3.6 Interactive PID Controller 51 3.7 Proportional‐on‐PV Controller 56 3.8 Nonstandard Algorithms 64 3.9 Tuning 65 3.10 Ziegler‐Nichols Tuning Method 66 3.11 Cohen‐Coon Tuning Method 72 3.12 Tuning Based on Penalty Functions 73 3.13 Manipulated Variable Overshoot 77 3.14 Lambda Tuning Method 80 3.15 IMC Tuning Method 80 3.16 Choice of Tuning Method 83 3.17 Suggested Tuning Method for Self‐Regulating Processes 84 3.18 Tuning for Load Changes 87 3.19 Tuning for SP Ramps 89 3.20 Tuning for Unconstrained MV Overshoot 91 3.21 PI Tuning Compared to PID Tuning 92 3.22 Tuning for Large Scan Interval 94 3.23 Suggested Tuning Method for Integrating Processes 97 3.24 Measure of Robustness 99 3.25 Implementation of Tuning 100 3.26 Tuning Cascades 101 3.27 Loop Gain 104 3.28 Adaptive Tuning 105 3.29 Initialisation 106 3.30 Anti‐Reset Windup 108 3.31 On‐Off Control 109 4. Level Control 112 4.1 Use of Cascade Control 112 4.2 Parameters Required for Tuning Calculations 113 4.3 Tight Level Control 120 4.4 Averaging Level Control 122 4.5 Error‐Squared Controller 129 4.6 Gap Controller 132 4.7 Impact of Noise on Averaging Control 134 4.8 Potential Disadvantage of Averaging Level Control 136 4.9 General Approach to Tuning 137 4.10 Three‐Element Level Control 139 5. Signal Conditioning 143 5.1 Instrument Linearisation 143 5.2 Process Linearisation 145 5.3 Control of pH 147 5.4 Constraint Conditioning 151 5.5 Pressure Compensation of Distillation Tray Temperature 153 5.6 Compensation of Gas Flow Measurement 153 5.7 Filtering 155 5.8 Exponential Filter 157 5.9 Nonlinear Exponential Filter 161 5.10 Moving Average Filter 161 5.11 Least Squares Filter 163 5.12 Tuning the Filter 169 5.13 Control Valve Characterisation 170 5.14 Equal Percentage Valve 172 5.15 Split‐Range Valves 178 6. Feedforward Control 184 6.1 Ratio Algorithm 185 6.2 Bias Algorithm 188 6.3 Deadtime and Lead‐Lag Algorithms 190 6.4 Tuning 194 6.5 Laplace Derivation of Dynamic Compensation 199 7. Deadtime Compensation 201 7.1 Smith Predictor 201 7.2 Internal Model Control 206 7.3 Dahlin Algorithm 206 8. Multivariable Control 210 8.1 Constraint Control 210 8.2 SISO Constraint Control 211 8.3 Signal Selectors 213 8.4 Relative Gain Analysis 217 8.5 Niederlinski Index 226 8.6 Condition Number 227 8.7 Steady State Decoupling 229 8.8 Dynamic Decoupling 231 8.9 MPC Principles 237 8.10 Parallel Coordinates 239 8.11 Enhanced Operator Displays 240 8.12 MPC Performance Monitoring 242 9. Inferentials and Analysers 248 9.1 Inferential Properties 248 9.2 Assessing Accuracy 256 9.3 Laboratory Update of Inferential 262 9.4 Analyser Update of Inferential 266 9.5 Monitoring On‐Stream Analysers 268 10. Combustion Control 270 10.1 Fuel Gas Flow Correction 270 10.2 Measuring NHV 278 10.3 Dual Firing 280 10.4 Heater Inlet Temperature Feedforward 281 10.5 Fuel Pressure Control 284 10.6 Firebox Pressure 287 10.7 Combustion Air Control 288 10.8 Boiler Control 299 10.9 Fired Heater Pass Balancing 300 11. Compressor Control 306 11.1 Polytropic Head 306 11.2 Load Control (Turbo‐Machines) 310 11.3 Load Control (Reciprocating Machines) 314 11.4 Anti‐Surge Control 315 12. Distillation Control 322 12.1 Key Components 325 12.2 Relative Volatility 325 12.3 McCabe‐Thiele Diagram 328 12.4 Cut and Separation 333 12.5 Effect of Process Design 345 12.6 Basic Controls 350 12.7 Pressure Control 350 12.8 Level Control 364 12.9 Tray Temperature Control 382 12.10 Pressure Compensated Temperature 393 12.11 Inferentials 402 12.12 First‐Principle Inferentials 411 12.13 Feedforward on Feed Rate 413 12.14 Feed Composition Feedforward 416 12.15 Feed Enthalpy Feedforward 418 12.16 Decoupling 419 12.17 Multivariable Control 424 12.18 On‐Stream Analysers 433 12.19 Towers with Sidestreams 433 12.20 Column Optimisation 435 12.21 Optimisation of Column Pressure 438 12.22 Energy/Yield Optimisation 441 13. APC Project Execution 444 13.1 Benefits Study 444 13.2 Benefit Estimation for Improved Regulatory Control 445 13.3 Benefits of Closed‐Loop Real‐Time Optimisation 455 13.4 Basic Controls 458 13.5 Basic Control Monitoring 459 13.6 Inferential Properties 464 13.7 Organisation 464 13.8 Vendor Selection 468 13.9 Safety in APC Design 471 13.10 Alarms 471 14. Statistical Methods 473 14.1 Central Limit Theorem 473 14.2 Generating a Normal Distribution 475 14.3 Quantile Plots 477 14.4 Calculating Standard Deviation 478 14.5 Skewness and Kurtosis 480 14.6 Correlation 480 14.7 Confidence Interval 481 14.8 Westinghouse Electric Company Rules 484 14.9 Gamma Function 485 14.10 Student t Distribution 486 14.11 χ2 Distribution 489 14.12 F Distribution 492 14.13 Akaike Information Criterion 497 14.14 Adjusted R2 499 14.15 Levene’s Test 500 14.16 Box‐Wetz Ratio 501 14.17 Regression Analysis 502 14.18 Outliers 513 14.19 Model Identification 514 14.20 Autocorrelation and Autocovariance 518 14.21 Artificial Neural Networks 527 14.22 Repeatability 533 14.23 Reproducibility 533 14.24 Six‐Sigma 535 14.25 Data Reconciliation 535 15. Mathematical Techniques 540 15.1 Fourier Transform 540 15.2 Recursive Filters 548 15.3 Lagrangian Interpolation 553 15.4 Padé Approximation 557 15.5 Laplace Transform Derivations 560 15.6 Laplace Transforms for Processes 563 15.7 Laplace Transforms for Controllers 569 15.8 I‐PD versus PI‐D Algorithm 572 15.9 Direct Synthesis 573 15.10 Predicting Filter Attenuation 578 15.11 Stability Limit for PID Control 579 15.12 Ziegler‐Nichols Tuning from Process Dynamics 583 15.13 Partial Fractions 586 15.14 z‐Transforms and Finite Difference Equations 588 References 594 Index 596

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I 1) Lattice Geometry 2) Point Groups and Space Groups 3) Crystal Structures 4) Amorphous Materials and Special Types of Crystal–Solid Aggregates 5) Tensors 6) Strain, Stress, Piezoelectricity and Elasticity Part II 7) Glide 8) Dislocations 9) Dislocations in Crystals 10) Point Defects 11) Twinning 12) Martensitic Transformations 13) Grain Boundaries 14) Interphase Boundaries 15) Texture Appendices 1 to 8 Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1 Electric Circuit Variables 1 CHAPTER 2 Circuit Elements 20 CHAPTER 3 Resistive Circuits 53 CHAPTER 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits 114 CHAPTER 5 Circuit Theorems 169 CHAPTER 6 The Operational Amplifier 219 CHAPTER 7 Energy Storage Elements 268 CHAPTER 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits 322 CHAPTER 9 The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements 378 CHAPTER 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 425 CHAPTER 11 AC Steady-State Power 504 CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 568 CHAPTER 13 Frequency Response 604 CHAPTER 14 The Laplace Transform 670 CHAPTER 15 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform 741 CHAPTER 16 Filter Circuits 804 CHAPTER 17 Two-Port and Three-Port Networks 840 APPENDIX A Getting Started with PSpice 865 APPENDIX B MATLAB, Matrices, and Complex Arithmetic 873 APPENDIX C Mathematical Formulas 885 APPENDIX D Standard Resistor Color Code 889 References 891 Index 893

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Book SynopsisFOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY A foundation-level guide to chemistry for physical, life sciences and engineering students Foundations of Chemistry: An Introductory Course for Science Students fills a gap in the literature to provide a basic chemistry text aimed at physical sciences, life sciences and engineering students. The authors, noted experts on the topic, offer concise explanations of chemistry theory and the principles that are typically reviewed in most one year foundation chemistry courses and first year degree-level chemistry courses for non-chemists. The authors also include illustrative examples and information on the most recent applications in the field. Foundations of Chemistry is an important text that outlines the basic principles in each area of chemistry - physical, inorganic and organic - building on prior knowledge to quickly expand and develop a student''s knowledge and understanding. Key features include: Table of ContentsChapter 0: Fundamentals 0.1 Measurement in chemistry and science – SI units 0.2 Expressing large and small numbers using scientific notation 0.3 Using metric prefixes 0.4 Significant figures 0.5 Calculations using scientific notation 0.6 Writing chemical formulae and equations Quick Check Summary Chapter 1: Atomic Structure 1.1 Atomic Structure 1.2 Electronic Structure Quick Check Summary Chapter 2: Chemical Bonding 2.1 Bonding 2.2 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) 2.3 Polar bonds and polar molecules 2.4 Intermolecular forces Quick Check Summary Chapter 3 Masses of atoms, molecules and reacting substances 3.1 Masses of atoms and molecules 3.2 Amount of substance 3.3 Calculations with moles 3.4 Solutions; concentrations and dilutions 3.5 Titration calculations 3.6 Calculations with gas volumes Quick Check Summary Chapter 4: States of Matter Introduction 4.1 Solids 4.2 Liquids 4.3 Gases Quick Check Summary Chapter 5 Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions 5.1 Redox Reactions 5.2 Disproportionation Reactions 5.3 Redox titrations Quick Check Summary Chapter 6 Energy, Enthalpy and Entropy 6.1 Enthalpy Changes 6.2 Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Quick Check Summary Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium and Acid-Base Equilibria Introduction 7.1 Equilibria and reversible reactions 7.2 Acid – base equilibria Quick Check Summary Chapter 8 Chemical Kinetics – The Rates of Chemical Reactions Introduction 8.1 The rate of reaction 8.2 Determining the rate of a chemical reaction 8.3 The rate expression 8.4 The half-life of a reaction 8.5 Reaction mechanisms 8.6 Effect of temperature on reaction rate Quick Check Summary Chapter 9 Electrochemistry Introduction 9.1 Redox reactions – a reminder 9.2 Redox reactions and electrochemical cells 9.3 Using redox reactions – Galvanic cells 9.4 Using redox reactions – Electrolytic cells Quick Check Summary Chapter 10: Group trends and periodicity 10.1 The Periodic Table: Periods, Groups and Periodicity 10.2 Trends in properties of elements in the same vertical group of the periodic table 10.3 Trends in properties of elements in the same horizontal period Quick Check Summary Chapter 11: The Periodic Table – chemistry of Groups 1, 2, 7 and transition elements Introduction 11.1 Group 1 – The Alkali Metals 11.2 Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Metals 11.3 Group 7 (17) The Halogens 11.4 The Transition Elements Quick Check Summary Chapter 12: Core Concepts and Ideas Within Organic Chemistry 12.1 Types of molecular formula 12.2 Nomenclature of simple alkanes 12.3 Isomers 12.4 Drawing Reaction Mechanisms 12.5 Types of reaction Quick Check Summary Chapter 13: Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes 13.1 Alkanes: an outline 13.2 Alkenes: an outline 13.3 Alkynes: an outline Quick Check Summary Chapter 14: Reactivity of Selected Homologous Series 14.1 Alcohols 14.2 Aldehydes and ketones 14.3 Carboxylic acids 14.4 Esters 14.5 Amides 14.6 Amines 14.7 Nitriles Quick Check Summary Chapter 15: The Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds 15.1 Benzene 15.2 Reactions of benzene with electrophiles 15.3 Aniline Quick Check Summary Chapter 16: Substitution and elimination reactions 16.1 Substitution reactions 16.2 Elimination reactions 16.3 Comparison of substitution and elimination reactions Quick Check Summary Chapter 17: Bringing it all together 17.1 Functional group interconversion 17.2 Bringing it all together Chapter 18: Polymerisation 18.1 Polymerisation Quick Check Summary Chapter 19: Spectroscopy 19.1 Mass Spectrometry 19.2 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) 19.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) 19.4 Bringing it all together Quick Check Summary

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part 1: All Cooped Up 4 Part 2: Constructing a Coop 4 Part 3: Checking Out Coop Plans 4 Part 4: The Part of Tens 4 Icons Used in This Book 5 Beyond the Book 5 Where to Go from Here 5 Part 1: All Cooped Up 7 Chapter 1: Flocking to Your Own Chicken Coop 9 Understanding the Basics of Housing 9 Looking at the Gear You’ll Need 10 Choosing Coop Materials 11 Getting Up to Speed on Carpentry 12 Constructing a Coop: The Nuts and Bolts 13 Readying the site 14 Framing 14 Putting up walls, a roof, and more 15 Adding special touches 15 Building a run 16 Hooking up electricity 16 Checking Out a Few Coop Designs 16 Chapter 2: Beginning with Housing Basics 19 Providing Basic Benefits with Your Coop 20 Analyzing the Anatomy of a Coop 21 Making Your Coop Convenient for You 23 Selecting Your Coop’s Location and Size 23 Before you begin: Considering zoning and covenant concerns 24 Looking at proximity to houses 24 Utilizing utilities 25 Digging into drainage issues 27 Understanding that yes, size matters 27 Choosing a Coop to Fit Your Needs (and Skills) 28 A-frames and hoops 29 Chicken tractors 30 All-in-one coops 31 Walk-in coops 31 Chapter 3: Gathering Your Gear 35 Putting Safety First with Essential Equipment 36 Digging Up Dirt on Garden Tools 37 Measuring and Marking Lumber for Your Coop 37 Measuring up tape measures 38 Making your mark 38 Sizing Up Saws and Supports 39 Putting In Posts 42 Digging postholes 42 Setting the posts 43 Mixing and pouring concrete 44 Framing Your Coop 45 Honing in on hammers 45 Nailing it with a nail gun 46 Pressing a screw gun into service 47 Leveling and Squaring As You Build 48 Just level with me 48 It’s hip to be square 48 Working with Wire 49 Cutting wire 49 Fastening wire 50 Checking Out Other Miscellaneous Tools 50 Chapter 4: Deciding on Materials 53 Before You Shop: Considering Recycled Materials 53 Lumbering Through Boards for Your Build 54 Sizing boards 54 Figuring out what type of board to buy 55 Knowing what to look for in a board 56 Shopping for Sheet Goods 57 Sizing sheet goods 58 Checking out plywood and OSB 58 Steering clear of certain sheet goods 59 Getting Attached to Fasteners 60 Notes about nails 60 Stuff about screws 63 Figuring Out Flooring 67 Wondering About Walls 68 Getting to the Root of Roofing 68 Researching Your Run 70 Finding your fencing 70 Picking your posts 72 Adding It Up: Estimating the Amount of Materials You Need 73 Chapter 5: Building Your Carpentry Skills 75 Measuring and Marking Materials 76 Reading the tale of your tape 76 “V” marks the spot, and “X” marks the trash 76 Chalk it up 77 Cutting Wood Safely 78 Selecting saw blades 78 Cutting board lumber 79 Cutting sheet goods 84 Assembling Materials 85 Nailing it down 85 Screwing it in place 86 Joining Pieces at Tricky Angles 88 Toe-nailing 88 Pocket hole joinery 89 Plates 90 Using Levels and Squares 91 Carpenter’s level 91 Specialty levels 92 Speed squares 93 Part 2: Constructing A Coop 95 Chapter 6: Preparing the Site 97 First Things First: Clearing the Site 98 Checking the Level of the Ground 98 Installing Posts in the Ground 99 Digging holes for footings 99 Bracing your posts 102 Mixing and pouring concrete 103 Securing Posts Aboveground 105 Mounting posts on top of concrete footings 105 Using concrete pier blocks 106 Topping Your Posts 107 Chapter 7: Laying the Lumber: Framing 101 109 Building a Subfloor 110 Framing the joists 110 Installing the decking 113 Framing the Walls 114 Laying out studs 115 Assembling wall panels on the ground 116 Framing Doors and Windows 118 The extra parts needed to frame doors and windows 118 Walking through extra framing steps 118 Raising the Wall 120 Fastening Walls Together 122 Framing the Roof 123 Getting the pitch perfect 123 Analyzing a roof’s anatomy 124 Building a roof frame 125 Cutting and attaching rafters 126 Chapter 8: Adding Walls, Doors, Windows, and a Roof 129 Putting Up Walls 130 Fastening plywood in place 130 Cutting out openings 132 Working with other materials 133 Building a Basic Shed Door 136 Making Your Own Window 139 Topping Off Your Coop with a Roof 140 Hanging out your shingles 140 Conquering corrugated panels 145 Venting Your Coop 146 Chapter 9: Building Creature Comforts 149 Finalizing Your Flooring 149 Coming Home to (a) Roost 150 Location, location, location 150 Roost requirements: Making your roost out of different materials 152 Securing and supporting your roost 153 Feathering a Nest Box 154 Designing nest boxes 154 Building nest boxes 156 Other options: Buying or repurposing nest boxes 157 Ramping Up 157 Chapter 10: Assembling a Run 161 Framing a Simple Run 162 Working with Wire Mesh 164 Sizing up, measuring, and cutting the wire 164 Fastening the wire to your posts 165 Adding even more wire 167 Chapter 11: Plugged In: Basic Electricity for Your Coop 169 Calling a Pro to Run a Line to Your Coop 170 Buzzing About Outlets versus Switches 171 Receptacles (also known as outlets) 171 Switches 173 Letting There Be Light 173 Deciding whether to include artificial light in your coop 173 Properly placing the right amount of lighting in your coop 174 Choosing fixtures 174 Warming Up to Heaters 176 Falling for Fans 177 Part 3: Checking Out Coop Plans 179 Chapter 12: The Minimal Coop 181 Vital Stats 182 Materials List 182 Cut List 183 Shelter floor 183 Front wall 184 Back wall 184 Right and left walls 185 Roof framing 186 Nest boxes 186 Assembling the Coop 187 Chapter 13: The Alpine A-Frame 191 Vital Stats 192 Materials List 192 Cut List 193 Shelter floor 193 Gable 1 (nest box side) 194 Gable 2 (run side, interior) 195 Gable 2 (run side, exterior) with run door 196 Roof panel 1 (fixed side) 197 Roof panel 2 (hinged door) 198 Nest boxes 198 Roost 199 Run panel 1 200 Run panel 2 with door 201 Run gable 202 Assembling the Coop 202 Chapter 14: The Urban Tractor 205 Vital Stats 206 Materials List 206 Cut List 207 Tractor base and shelter floor 207 Left wall 208 Right wall 209 Front wall 210 Rear wall and chicken door 210 Run posts and framing 211 Cap plate and roof rafters 212 Roof, fascia, and gables 212 Access door 213 Nest boxes 214 Run door and chicken ramp 215 Assembling the Coop 216 Chapter 15: The All-in-One 221 Vital Stats 222 Materials List 222 Cut List 223 Skids and floor skirting 224 Shelter floor 224 Right wall framing 225 Front wall framing 226 Left wall framing 226 Back wall framing 227 Exterior wall sheathing 228 Run framing 229 Roof framing and rafters 229 Roof, gables, and fascia 230 Shelter access door and slam strips 231 Chicken door, slam strips, and ramp 232 Nest boxes and roost bar 232 Nest box door and slam strips 233 Front wall trim 234 Back wall trim 234 Right wall trim 235 Left wall trim 236 Run access door 236 Assembling the Coop 237 Chapter 16: The Walk-In 243 Vital Stats 244 Materials List 244 Cut List 245 Skids and floor 245 Front wall framing 246 Back wall framing 247 Right wall framing 247 Left wall framing 248 Front wall sheathing and trim 249 Back wall sheathing 249 Right and left wall sheathing and trim 250 Roof rafters 250 Gable ends and soffits 251 Roof, gable overhangs, and fascia 251 Access door 252 Chicken door 253 Nest box door 253 Nest boxes 254 Roost 255 Assembling the Coop 255 Part 4: The Part of Tens 261 Chapter 17: Ten or So Things Novice Coop-Builders Would Have Done Differently 263 Make the Coop Bigger 264 Make the Coop Taller 264 Consider the Location More Carefully 265 Don’t Cheap Out on Materials 265 Use Screws Rather than Nails 266 Elevate the Coop Off the Ground 266 Make the Doors Wider 266 Consider How to Clean the Coop 267 Make the Nest Box Easily Accessible 267 Paint the Coop Before Assembly 268 Reinforce the Run Underground 268 Chapter 18: Ten or So Cool Ideas to Trick Out Your Coop 269 Electricity 270 Solar Power 270 Running Water 270 Storage Space 271 A Quarantine Area 271 An Automatic Feeder and Waterer 272 A Removable Droppings Pan 273 Wheels 273 A Retractable Roof 273 “Air-Lock” Doors 274 Automatic Door Closers 274 A Wireless Weather Station 274 Index 277

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xxi Acknowledgments xxiii Industry highlights boxes xxv Industry highlights boxes: Authors xxvii Section 1 Overview and historical perspectives 1 1 Introduction 3 2 History of plant breeding 23 Section 2 Population and quantitative genetic principles 35 3 Introduction to concepts of population genetics 37 4 Introduction to quantitative genetics 49 Section 3 Reproductive systems 73 5 Introduction to reproduction 75 6 Hybridization 99 7 Clonal propagation and in vitro culture 121 Section 4 Germplasm for breeding 147 8 Variation: types, origin, and scale 149 9 Plant domestication 161 10 Plant genetic resources 175 Section 5 Breeding objectives 209 11 Yield and morphological traits 211 12 Quality traits 231 13 Environmental stress factors and plant breeding 245 14 Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests 253 15 Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses 273 Section 6 Selection methods 295 16 Breeding self-pollinated species 297 17 Breeding cross-pollinated species 329 18 Breeding hybrid cultivars 345 19 Breeding clonally propagated species 359 Section 7 Technologies for linking genes to traits 375 20 Molecular markers 377 21 Mapping of genes 395 22 DNA sequencing and OMICs technologies 409 Section 8 Applications of genetic markers in breeding 437 23 Marker-assisted selection 439 24 Genomic selection and genome-wide association studies 451 Section 9 Mutations and ploidy in plant breeding 465 25 Mutagenesis in plant breeding 467 26 Ploidy in plant breeding 481 Section 10 Genetic molecular modifications in plant breeding 509 27 Breeding genetically modified crops 511 28 Genome editing and other modification technologies 521 29 Paradigm shifts in plant breeding and other non-GM technologies 531 Section 11 Computer-aided applications in plant breeding 543 30 Bioinformatics, big data analytics, and computer simulations in plant breeding 545 Section 12 Variety release process in plant breeding 577 31 Performance evaluation for crop cultivar release 579 32 Seed certification and commercial seed release 597 33 Regulatory and Legal Issues 615 Section 13 Societal issues in plant breeding 633 34 Value-driven concepts and social concerns 635 35 International plant breeding efforts 647 Section 14 Breeding selected crops 667 36 Breeding wheat 669 37 Breeding corn 679 38 Breeding rice 695 39 Breeding sorghum 707 40 Breeding soybean 719 41 Breeding peanut 729 42 Breeding potato 737 43 Breeding cotton 747 44 Breeding tomato 757 Supplementary 1: Plant cellular organization and genetic structure: an overview 767 Supplementary 2: Common statistical methods in plant breeding 781 Glossary of terms 803 Index 807

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Book SynopsisPrepare for PMP certification exam success with this fully updated and comprehensive study guide This study guide serves as a comprehensive resource for those who plan on taking the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification exam administered by PMI. The book helps you prepare for the exam, and it will continue to serve project managers as an on-the-job reference book. The PMP Project Management Professional Exam Study Guide, Tenth Edition is fully updated to include recent changes to the exam. New content covers the integral role that Agile and other iterative practices have in project management. Updates also address the pivotal responsibilities of the project manager and the skill sets required for this position. The study guide was written to reflect the Project Management Process and Procedures found in the revisedA Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge -- PMBOK Guide, 6th Edition. Well-known author and expert Kim Heldman, PMP, helps to prepare you for the exam with in-depth coverage of topics, concepts, and key terms. Learn more about the three main domain areas of people, process, and business environment, plus the predictive, agile, and hybrid approaches to project management.This guide is an effective learning aid that will take your understanding to the next level. Provides comprehensive material, covering the complete exam outlineLists chapter objectives and offers detailed discussions of these objectivesReflects differences in project management environments and approachesEffectively presents real world scenarios, project application sidebars, and chapter review questions You'll also connect to a beneficial, on-the-go resource: an interactive online learning environment and test bank. This environment includes anassessment test, chapter tests, practice exams, electronic flashcards, and a glossary of key terms. A thorough review is the best prep for a challenging certification exam. So, get ready with this essential PMP study guide.Table of ContentsIntroduction xix Assessment Test xxix Answers to Assessment Test xlix Chapter 1 Building the Foundation 1 Establishing the Foundation 3 Projects vs. Operations 4 Project Characteristics 6 What Is Project Management? 7 Programs 8 Portfolios 8 Organizational Project Management 11 Project Management Offices 11 Understanding How Projects Come About 13 Needs and Demands and Other Factors That Lead to Project Creation 14 Skills Every Good Project Manager Needs 17 Technical Project Management Skills 18 Business Management and Strategic Skills 18 Communication Skills 19 Organizational and Planning Skills 19 Conflict Management Skills 20 Negotiation and Influencing Skills 20 Leadership Skills 21 Team-Building and Motivating Skills 21 Role of a Project Manager 22 Understanding Project Management Process Groups 22 Determining a Project Methodology or Approach 28 Life Cycle Categories 29 Predictive Life Cycle Methodology 30 Agile Methodologies 33 Hybrid 38 Project Life Cycles 38 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 39 Summary 40 Exam Essentials 41 Review Questions 43 Chapter 2 Assessing Project Needs 49 Exploring the Project Management Knowledge Areas 51 Project Integration Management 53 Project Scope Management 56 Project Schedule Management 57 Project Cost Management 58 Project Quality Management 59 Project Resource Management 59 Project Communications Management 60 Project Risk Management 62 Project Procurement Management 62 Project Stakeholder Management 63 Assessing Project Viability 64 Using Project Selection Methods 65 Assessing Project Needs and Creating the Project Charter 73 Enterprise Environmental Factors 78 Organizational Process Assets 78 Tools and Techniques 81 Formalizing and Publishing the Project Charter 82 Pulling the Project Charter Together 83 Key Stakeholders 84 Project Charter Sign-Off 87 Maintaining Project Artifacts 88 Introducing the Kitchen Heaven Project Case Study 89 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 93 Summary 94 Exam Essentials 96 Review Questions 98 Chapter 3 Delivering Business Value 103 Understanding Organizational Structures 106 Functional Organizations 108 Project-Oriented Organizations 112 Matrix Organizations 114 Other Organizational Structures 118 Pmo 118 PMO in an Agile Environment 119 Project-Based Organizations 121 Influences of Organizational Structure on Agile Methodologies 122 Identifying Stakeholders 123 Discovering Stakeholders 124 Stakeholder Analysis 126 Categorizing Stakeholders 127 Stakeholder Register 134 Stakeholders on an Agile Project 135 Six Sigma Adaptive Methodology 137 Delivering Business Value 140 Business Value Network 142 Assessing Business Value 143 Delivering Business Value Incrementally 145 Examining Business Value 147 Subdividing Project Tasks 148 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 151 Summary 152 Exam Essentials 153 Review Questions 155 Chapter 4 Developing the Project Scope 161 Developing the Project Management Plan 164 Project Complexity 168 Data Gathering and Interpersonal Skills 168 Documenting the Project Management Plan 169 Documenting the Project Management Plan Using a Predictive Methodology 172 Plan Scope Management 173 Alternatives Analysis 175 Documenting the Scope Management Plan 177 Documenting the Requirements Management Plan 178 Collecting Requirements 178 Gathering Documents for the Collect Requirements Process 180 Gathering and Documenting Requirements 185 Finalizing Requirements 189 Defining Scope 192 Writing the Project Scope Statement 194 Managing the Product Backlog 199 Creating the Work Breakdown Structure 201 Decomposing the Deliverables 202 Constructing the WBS 203 Backlog 211 Finalizing the WBS 212 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 216 Summary 218 Exam Essentials 219 Review Questions 221 Chapter 5 Creating the Project Schedule 229 Creating the Schedule Management Plan 232 Defining Activities 233 Creating the Activity List 234 Breaking Down User Stories 235 Understanding the Sequence Activities Process 237 Precedence Diagramming and Leads and Lags 238 Project Management Information System 243 Project Schedule Network Diagrams 243 Estimating Activity Resources 244 How to Estimate Activity Resources 245 Documenting Resource Requirements 246 Estimating Resources in an Adaptive Methodology 247 Estimating Activity Durations 247 Project Calendars and Other Considerations 248 Estimating Techniques 249 Duration Estimates 253 Estimating Activity Durations Using Adaptive Methodologies 255 Developing the Project Schedule 257 Gather Documents to Assist in Developing the Schedule 257 Developing the Project Schedule 258 Project Schedule and the Schedule Baseline 272 Using a Kanban Board and Scrum Board 277 Scrum Board 279 Combining Techniques 280 Agile Release Planning 281 Applying Process Groups in an Agile Approach 281 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 286 Summary 287 Exam Essentials 289 Review Questions 291 Chapter 6 Developing the Project Budget and Engaging Stakeholders 297 Creating the Cost Management Plan 300 Performing Plan Cost Management 301 Creating the Cost Management Plan 302 Estimating Costs 303 Estimating Techniques 307 Estimating Costs for an Agile Project 308 Creating the Cost Estimates 309 Establishing the Cost Baseline 311 Techniques for Developing the Project Budget 313 Developing the Cost Baseline 314 Understanding Stakeholders 318 Analyzing Stakeholders 319 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 320 Mentoring Stakeholders 321 Engaging Stakeholders in an Adaptive Methodology 322 Communicating the Plan 323 Planning Communications 324 Determining Communication Needs 325 Documenting the Communications Management Plan 331 Communicating on an Agile Team 333 A Closer Look at Adaptive Methodologies 335 Other Methodologies 340 Combining Methodologies 345 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 348 Summary 349 Exam Essentials 351 Review Questions 353 Chapter 7 Identifying Project Risks 359 Understanding Risk 361 Creating the Risk Management Plan 362 Risk Attitude 363 Conducting Risk Meetings 364 Documenting the Risk Management Plan 366 Identifying Potential Risks 372 Data Gathering and Data Analysis Techniques for Identifying Risks 374 Documenting the Risk Register 378 Identifying Risks Using an Agile Approach 380 Analyzing Risks Using Qualitative Techniques 381 Performing Qualitative Risk Analysis 382 Ranking Risks in the Risk Register 390 Quantifying Risk 391 Performing Quantitative Risk Analysis 392 Updating the Risk Report 397 Developing a Risk Response Plan 398 Strategies for Creating Risk Responses 399 Documenting the Risk Responses Plan 404 Assessing Risks Using an Agile Approach 407 Planning for Project Compliance 409 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 413 Summary 414 Exam Essentials 415 Review Questions 417 Chapter 8 Planning and Procuring Resources 423 Procurement Planning 425 Gathering Documents for the Procurement Management Plan 427 Source Selection Criteria 433 Procurement Management Plan 435 Procurements in an Agile Environment 442 Developing the Resource Management Plan 445 Understanding Enterprise Environmental Factors 446 Using Data Representation Techniques for Plan Resource Management 448 Documenting the Resource Management Plan 451 Resources on an Agile Project 455 Quality Planning 456 Preparing for Quality 457 Developing the Quality Management Plan 458 Documenting the Quality Management Plan 466 Quality Planning for Agile Projects 468 Project Planning Using Agile Methodologies 469 Bringing It All Together 470 Choosing a Life Cycle Methodology 473 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 480 Summary 481 Exam Essentials 482 Review Questions 485 Chapter 9 Developing the Project Team 491 Directing and Managing Project Work 494 Direct and Manage Project Work Inputs 496 Project Management Information System 499 Deliverables and Work Performance Data 499 Directing Project Work on Agile Projects 504 Executing Practices for Delivering Project Work 508 Acquiring the Project Team and Project Resources 510 The Resource Management Plan 510 Techniques for Acquiring Resources 511 Project Team Assignments 515 Developing the Project Team 517 Generational Diversity 518 Tools and Techniques to Develop the Team 520 Developing Agile Teams 536 Team Performance Assessments 539 Managing Project Teams 543 Emotional Intelligence and Other Tools for Managing Teams 543 Lessons Learned Managing Teams 545 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 547 Summary 548 Exam Essentials 550 Review Questions 552 Chapter 10 Sharing Information 559 Implementing Risk Responses 563 Conducting Procurements 563 Evaluating Proposals 564 Creating Procurement Agreements 571 Conducting Procurements on Agile Projects 573 Laying Out Quality Assurance Procedures 574 Managing Quality with Data and Audits 575 Quality Reports and Test and Evaluation Documents 580 Conducting Quality Assessments on an Agile Project 581 Managing Project Knowledge 582 Knowledge Management 583 Information Management 583 Managing Project Artifacts 583 Managing Project Information 584 Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills 585 Project Communications and Elements of Communicating 594 Communicating on Agile Projects 596 Managing Stakeholder Engagement 597 Observing and Conversing 598 Agile Frameworks 599 Agile Methodologies or Frameworks 600 Scaling Frameworks 601 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 606 Summary 607 Exam Essentials 608 Review Questions 611 Chapter 11 Measuring and Controlling Project Performance 619 Monitoring and Controlling Project Work 624 Forecasting Methods 625 Work Performance Reports 626 Controlling Procurements 627 Procurement Documents and Approved Change Requests 629 Monitoring Vendor Performance 631 Closing Out Procurements 632 Monitoring Communications 636 Documents to Help Monitor Communications 637 Monitoring Communications with Meetings 637 Work Performance Information 639 Performing Integrated Change Control 642 How Change Occurs 643 Change Control Concerns 644 Configuration Control 645 Change Control System 646 Approved Change Requests 650 Changes in the Business Environment 651 Monitoring Stakeholder Engagement 654 Controlling Resources 654 Utilizing Control Quality Techniques 655 Control Quality Tools and Techniques 656 Verifying Deliverables 664 Monitoring and Controlling Risk 664 Monitor Risks Analysis and Meetings 666 Monitor Risks Updates 667 Monitoring Project Management Integrations 668 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 671 Summary 672 Exam Essentials 674 Review Questions 676 Chapter 12 Controlling Work Results and Closing Out the Project 683 Controlling Cost Changes 686 Earned Value Analysis 687 Variance Analysis 689 Trend Analysis 692 To-Complete Performance Index 697 Earned Value Measures on Agile Projects 700 Monitoring and Controlling Schedule Changes 702 Burndown and Burnup Charts 703 Performance Reviews 705 Changes to the Schedule 706 Validating Project Scope 707 Controlling Scope 708 Measuring Work Results on Agile Projects 710 Formulating Project Closeout 713 Characteristics of Closing 713 Project Endings 714 Closing Out the Project 717 Administrative Closure Procedures 718 Regression Analysis 719 Close Project or Phase Final Report 719 Closing Out the Procurements 723 Closing Out an Agile Project 724 Celebrate! 725 Releasing Project Team Members 725 Balancing Stakeholders’ Interests at Project Close 725 Competing Needs 726 Dealing with Issues and Problems 727 Balancing Constraints 727 Professional Responsibility 727 Responsibility 728 Respect 731 Fairness 734 Honesty 737 Role Delineation Study 739 Applying Professional Knowledge 739 Project Management Knowledge 740 Education Providers 740 Industry Knowledge 740 Understanding How This Applies to Your Next Project 746 Summary 748 Exam Essentials 750 Review Questions 752 Appendices 757 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 759 Chapter 1: Building the Foundation 760 Chapter 2: Assessing Project Needs 761 Chapter 3: Delivering Business Value 763 Chapter 4: Developing the Project Scope 765 Chapter 5: Creating the Project Schedule 767 Chapter 6: Developing the Project Budget and Engaging Stakeholders 768 Chapter 7: Identifying Project Risks 770 Chapter 8: Planning and Procuring Resources 771 Chapter 9: Developing the Project Team 773 Chapter 10: Sharing Information 775 Chapter 11: Measuring and Controlling Project Performance 776 Chapter 12: Controlling Work Results and Closing Out the Project 778 Appendix B Process Inputs and Outputs 781 Initiating Processes 782 Planning Processes 784 Executing Processes 807 Monitoring and Controlling Processes 821 Closing Processes 836 Index 839

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 2 Beyond the Book 3 Where to Go from Here 3 Part 1: Getting Started 5 Chapter 1: Understanding Streaming Media 7 Introducing Streaming 8 Getting Clear on Streaming Media Devices 9 Understanding How Streaming Works 10 More about buffering 11 Streaming and data usage 12 Knowing What You Need to Stream: Apps and Hardware 13 Chapter 2: Getting to Know Fire TV 17 Getting Acquainted with Fire TV 17 Understanding What Fire TV Does 18 Fire TV components 19 How Fire TV works 20 Figuring Out Which Fire TV Device You Need 21 Learning What Fire TV Can Do 25 Watching movies and TV shows 25 Accessing other types of media 25 Watching and recording over-the-air TV 26 Connecting devices 26 Controlling your TV with Alexa voice commands 26 Controlling your smart home 26 Chapter 3: Setting Up Fire TV 27 Changing Your TV’s Input Source 27 Setting Up Fire TV Stick or Fire TV Stick 4K 28 Connecting Fire TV Stick to your TV 29 Setting up Fire TV Stick 31 Setting Up Fire TV Cube 35 Positioning your Fire TV Cube 35 Getting to know your Fire TV Cube device’s Alexa hardware 36 Connecting Fire TV Cube to your TV 38 Setting up Fire TV Cube 39 Setting Up Fire TV Edition 42 Part 2: Watching Fire TV 45 Chapter 4: Learning Fire TV Basics 47 Getting to Know the Alexa Voice Remote 48 Touring the Fire TV Alexa Voice Remote 48 Touring the Fire TV Edition Alexa Voice Remote 50 Checking Out the Fire TV Mobile App Remote 52 Installing the Fire TV mobile app 52 Pairing your mobile device with Fire TV 54 Touring the Fire TV mobile app remote 55 Navigating the Fire TV Interface 57 Navigating with the Alexa Voice Remote 58 Entering text with the Alexa Voice Remote 59 Navigating with the Fire TV mobile app 62 Entering text with the Fire TV mobile app keyboard 62 Introducing Voice Control of Fire TV 64 Issuing voice commands using the Alexa Voice Remote 64 Issuing voice commands using the Fire TV mobile app 65 Learning some useful voice commands 65 Looking Around the Fire TV Home Screen 66 Chapter 5: Watching Live TV 69 Getting Live TV through an Antenna 70 Connecting your antenna 70 Scanning for channels 71 Checking channel signal strength 72 Getting Live TV Using a Third-Party App 73 Managing Live TV channels 74 Adding a live TV channel to your favorites 74 Hiding a live TV channel or app 76 Filtering live TV channels 76 Watching Live TV 77 Seeing what’s on now 77 Navigating the live TV channel guide 78 Checking out the Live tab 80 Controlling live TV playback 81 Chapter 6: Streaming Movies and TV Shows 83 Installing a Streaming Media App 84 Searching for Movies and TV Shows 85 Searching the Amazon catalog 86 Searching within an app using Fire TV 88 Using an app’s search feature 90 Streaming on the Cheap with Free Services 90 Subscribing to TV and Movie Streaming Services 91 Buying or Renting a Movie or TV Show 93 Watching a Movie or TV Show 93 Controlling playback 94 Setting playback options 96 Peeking at cast or music info 96 Viewing mobile content on your Fire TV Stick device 98 Connecting Fire TV to a second screen device 100 Chapter 7: Watching and Recording Shows with Fire TV Recast 103 What is Fire TV Recast? 104 Getting Ready for Fire TV Recast 105 Positioning Fire TV Recast 106 Setting Up Fire TV Recast 107 Watching and Recording Over-the-Air TV 109 Managing your over-the-air channels 109 Watching over-the-air shows live 111 Setting recording options 115 Recording over-the-air shows 118 Watching recorded over-the-air shows 120 Managing Your Fire TV Recast 122 Checking DVR storage 122 Adding external DVR storage 123 Checking scheduled recordings 124 Changing recording priority 124 Deleting recordings 126 Rescanning channels 126 Part 3: Going Beyond the Basics 127 Chapter 8: Getting More Out of Fire TV 129 Connecting Bluetooth Devices 130 Pairing your Bluetooth devices 131 Connecting to paired Bluetooth devices 135 Unpairing a Bluetooth device 136 Connecting USB Devices 136 Adding a USB storage drive 136 Ejecting a USB drive 138 Letting Your Kids Watch Fire TV 139 Activating parental controls 139 Configuring parental controls 140 Making Fire TV Accessible 142 Enabling the Fire TV features for the vision impaired 142 Checking out the Fire TV features for the hearing impaired 148 Browsing the Web 151 Surfing with Silk 151 Surfing with Firefox 153 Listening to Music 155 Touring the Amazon Music app 156 Controlling music playback 157 Viewing Your Photos and Videos 159 Viewing photos and videos using Fire TV Edition Media Player 159 Viewing photos and videos with the Amazon Photos app 161 Running a Fire TV slideshow 161 Chapter 9: Controlling Fire TV (And More) with Alexa 163 What is Alexa? 164 Alexa’s components 164 How Alexa works 165 Installing the Alexa App 166 Taking a tour of the Alexa app 167 Giving Alexa access to your device microphone 169 Connecting Your Alexa Device to Fire TV 169 Getting to Know Alexa 170 Getting Alexa’s attention 171 Keeping Alexa’s attention 171 Ending the conversation 172 Enabling Brief mode 173 Enabling Whisper mode 173 Watching Movies and TV Shows with Alexa 174 Navigating Fire TV tabs 175 Locating movies and TV shows 175 Watching a movie trailer 175 Playing movies and TV shows 176 Watching live TV 176 Controlling the volume 177 Movie and TV show info requests 177 Some movie Easter eggs 178 Some TV Easter eggs 179 More Useful Alexa Requests 179 Everyday-info requests 179 Information requests 180 Audio requests 180 Alarm and timer requests 181 Calendar, reminder, and list requests 181 Communication requests 182 Shopping requests 182 Using Alexa to Control Smart-Home Devices 183 Installing a Wi-Fi smart-home device 184 Making automatic network connections with Wi-Fi Simple Setup 185 Discovering smart-home devices using an Alexa skill 186 Controlling a smart-home device 188 Turning smart plugs on and off 189 Working with smart lights 190 Part 4: The Part of Tens 191 Chapter 10: Cutting the Cord: Ten Steps to Going Cable-Free 193 Step 1: Decide If You Really Want to Cut the Cord 194 Step 2: Make a List of Your “Must-See” Shows (Or Not) 196 Step 3: Figure Out What Equipment You Need 197 Step 4: Check What’s Available Over-the-Air 198 Step 5: Make a Streaming Budget 200 Step 6: Subscribe to Streaming Services 201 Step 7: Set Up Fire TV Recast 202 Step 8: Put It All Together with Fire TV 202 Step 9: Do a Trial Run 203 Step 10: Say Goodbye to Your Cable Company 203 Chapter 11: Ten Things That Can Go Wrong 205 Troubleshooting General Problems 206 Restarting your Fire TV device 206 Checking your Fire TV device for software updates 207 Resetting your Fire TV device 208 You Can’t Connect to Your Wi-Fi Network 208 You’re Having Trouble Streaming Media 210 The Fire TV Mobile App Can’t Pair with Your Fire TV Device 212 Your Fire TV Screen is Blank 212 You Don’t Hear Audio During Playback 213 You’re Having Trouble Connecting a Bluetooth Device 214 You don’t see a Bluetooth device 214 You can’t pair with a Bluetooth device 215 Your Fire TV Device is Unresponsive 216 You Changed Your Wi-Fi Network Password 216 A Fire TV App Doesn’t Work Properly 217 Chapter 12: Ten Ways to Enhance Privacy and Security 219 Make Sure Your Wi-Fi Network is Locked Up Tight 220 Stop Saving Wi-Fi Passwords to Amazon 222 Delete saved Wi-Fi passwords via Fire TV 223 Delete saved Wi-Fi passwords via Amazon 224 Secure Your Amazon Account with a Strong Password 225 Enable Amazon’s Two-Step Verification 226 Prevent Fire TV from Playing Previews Automatically 229 Remove Content from Your Fire TV 230 Prevent Amazon from Using Personal Data for Marketing 230 Prevent Amazon from Tracking Your App Usage 231 Prevent Advertisers from Tracking You 232 Deregister Your Fire TV Device 234 Index 235

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Book SynopsisCreate beautiful iPhone photos with the techniques found in this book iPhone Photography For Dummies, shares the expertise of photography workshop instructor Mark Hemmings as he shows readers how to get stunning images using their favorite iPhone. By implementing Hemmings' simple techniques, you'll get professional-looking results in a fraction of the time you'd expect. You'll learn to: Adjust camera settingsCreate majestic landscape imagesCapture exciting action shotsShoot beautiful portraitsSelect an editing appShare and organize imagesShoot photos comfortably while on the go Perfect for those who want to take breathtaking photos without investing in a top-of-the-line camera, iPhone Photography For Dummies takes the guesswork and luck out of creating beautiful imagery. It shows people without formal training in photography how to make meaningful and noticeable improvements in their shooting technique using either the latest iPhone model or older versions of the device.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 3 Where to Go from Here 3 Part 1: Fast-Tracking Your Photography Skills 5 Chapter 1: Introducing iPhone Photography 7 Getting to Know the Camera in Your iPhone 7 Models with one lens 8 Models with two lenses 8 Models with three lenses 9 Future models with more than three lenses 11 Taking a Quick Tour of the iPhone Camera App 11 Taking a Photo 12 Viewing Your iPhone Photos 14 Editing Your iPhone Photo 16 Sharing Your Photos 17 Chapter 2: Taking the Complete Camera Walk-Around 19 Discovering the Different Ways to Open Your Camera 20 Properly Holding Your iPhone for Steady Photographs 21 Taking a Photo Without Using the Normal Shutter Button 23 Side shutter using the volume buttons 23 Apple EarPods volume controller shutter release 23 Zooming in to Your Subject 25 Zooming best practices 26 Cropping instead of digital zooming 28 Using the Selfie Camera with and without Background Blur 29 Knowing When to Use (and not Use) the Camera Flash 32 Getting to Know Live Photos 36 Using Live Photo 37 Making sure Live Photo isn’t on by default 38 Using the Camera Timer for Stable and Sharp Photos 39 Family portraits 41 Selfies with a tripod or stand 43 Landscape photography using your timer 43 Getting Creative with Filters 44 Choosing the best camera filter for your photograph 45 Reverting to the original 48 Chapter 3: Setting Up Your Camera for Photographic Greatness 49 Turning on iCloud Photos 50 Optimizing iPhone Storage 52 Downloading the Original Photos 53 Uploading to My Photo Stream 54 Sharing Albums 55 Watching Cellular Data 56 Auto-Playing Videos and Live Photos 57 Viewing Full HDR 58 Transferring to Mac or PC 58 Customizing Your iPhone’s Camera 59 Chapter 4: Applying iPhone Auto-Mode Settings 63 Zooming with Various Camera Modes 63 Preparing to Take Selfies 64 Lighting and background 64 Light case options 66 Selfie sticks and stabilizers 66 Taking Selfies 69 Choose the Portrait selfie mode 70 Adjust depth control 70 Choose your favorite type of selfie light 72 Fine-tune the light intensity and your effect intensity 75 Add photo filters 79 Add a flash 80 Use your self-timer 80 Adjust selfie zoom to add your friends into the picture 81 Considering Square Photos 82 Accessing your square camera 84 Following square photography best practices 84 Creating Panoramic Photos 85 Panoramic best practices for frame-worthy photographs 85 Vertical panoramic photos! 87 Part 2: Discovering the Fundamentals of Photographic Genres 89 Chapter 5: Creating Perfect Landscape Photographs 91 Camera Considerations 92 Long-pressing the screen where your main subject is located 93 Controlling focus and exposure with the AE/AF Lock 95 Lighting Considerations 96 Taking advantage of the magic hours 96 Timing magic hour 98 Gear Considerations 100 Steadying your iPhone camera with a tripod 100 Choosing which lens to use (for multilens iPhones) 101 Photography Tips for Your Next Outing 103 Applying the Rule of Thirds for better compositions 104 Using the Self Timer option for shake-free photos 105 Chapter 6: Shooting Sports Photography 107 Camera Considerations 108 Gear Considerations 109 A tough iPhone protective case 110 An iPhone screen protector 110 A monopod for steadier sports photos 110 A foldable camping seat 111 Battery packs or battery cases 111 Touch-sensitive gloves in cold weather 111 A telephoto lens attachment for distant athletes 112 Lighting Considerations 112 Photographing into the setting sun 113 Using your Portrait mode 113 Using shadows for a fine art sports photography look 114 Creating silhouette sports photos 114 Photographing during golden hour 116 Trusting your iPhone to produce accurate colors 116 Photography Tips for Dynamic Sports Photos 117 Using the Rule of Thirds 117 Panning your camera to create motion blur 118 Choosing the best-looking stride 119 Photographing from a lower position 121 Creating contrast between athlete and background 121 Photographing athlete group photos 122 Chapter 7: Saving Memories through Family and Individual Portraiture 125 Camera Considerations 126 Portrait mode pros and cons 126 Burst mode 127 Self-timer 129 Gear Considerations 130 Lighting Considerations 132 Underexposing your portraits for extra drama 132 Looking out the window 134 Photographing travel photos during blue hour 135 Using shadows to create pictograms 136 Making use of silhouettes for dramatic portraits 136 Placing family members in the shade for even light 137 Photographing from behind with low sunlight 139 Photography Tips for Your Next Portrait Session 140 Photographing from a lower position 140 Choosing black and white for fine art portraits 141 Trying forced perspective techniques for fun family pics 141 Using the Thirds grid for environmental portraits 142 Creating humorous photos to keep the mood light 143 Avoiding objects sticking out of people’s heads 145 Choosing to include mirrors in your compositions 145 Including family member’s interests 146 Avoiding overcast skies 146 Combining family photos using the Layout app 149 Photographing from an aerial perspective 149 Screenshot photos for family who are away 150 Chapter 8: Documenting Your Travel and Vacation in Pictures 153 Camera Considerations 154 Using Burst mode for moving subjects 154 Capturing portraits with both Portrait and Photo modes 154 Photographing nonportraits in Portrait mode 157 Choosing black and white for iconic locations 158 Photographing cityscapes through windows 160 Photographing travel scenes with the ultra wide lens 160 Getting detail in night scenes using Night mode 161 Choosing all three lenses for iconic scenes 163 Gear Considerations 163 Extending your photography with battery packs 164 Packing a tabletop-sized tripod 165 Photographing or filming yourself with a selfie stick 165 Purchasing the best protective case for your needs 165 Choosing a tough mobile device bag 168 Keeping your gear safe while traveling 168 Lighting Considerations 169 Backlight 169 Side light 170 Raking light 170 Reflective light 172 Diagonal light 172 Silhouette light 173 Shadow light 174 Magic hour light 174 Blue and yellow light 176 Photography Tips for Your Next Trip 177 Practicing design-based photography 177 Placing S-curves in your compositions 178 Framing your primary subject 178 Photographing exterior architecture twice 179 Including pattern photos of unusual scenes 181 Scheduling famous landmarks as early as possible 182 Waiting for animals to move into the picture space 182 Choosing your background first 184 Matching color when possible 184 Including national text and fonts in your photos 185 Composing with equidistance 186 Tightening the view of iconic buildings 186 Composing family members looking into the frame 188 Reviewing your favorite establishments 188 Chapter 9: Creating Still Life and Product Photography on the Cheap 191 Camera Considerations 192 Gear Considerations 192 Purchasing backgrounds for flat-lay still life photos 193 Choosing the appropriate background for your product 194 Using clear glass as a background 195 Floating flowers in water 195 Purchasing Bristol board for interior product photography 196 Photographing still life photos in a greenhouse 196 Adding opaque paper to windows for unique backgrounds 198 Lighting Considerations 199 Photographing your product indoors 199 Using side light 201 Using backlight 201 Using harsh overhead light 203 Using doorway light 204 Photographing with mixed lighting 205 Adding shadows to your still life photos 206 Photographing throughout the day 206 Creating Beautiful Still Life Photos 208 Composing symmetrical photos properly 208 Arranging foliage to catch the setting sun 209 Following the equidistance principle 209 Creating both color and black-and-white versions 210 Adding negative space to be used for text 211 Chapter 10: Taking It to the Streets: Photographing Strangers 213 Camera Considerations 213 Choosing black and white for most photos 214 Cropping best practices 215 Placing more importance on drama instead of sharpness 217 Using background blur to maintain privacy 217 Photographing with Burst mode for perfect timing 218 Gear Considerations 219 Using waterproof cases for rainy days 219 Choosing other stability options besides tripods 220 Lighting Considerations 221 Waiting for people to walk into a ray of light 222 Allowing shadows to work as metaphors 222 Blurring people by photographing at dusk 223 Maintaining anonymity by using backlight 224 Capturing mannequins with window reflections 225 Photographing only a person’s shadow for extra mystery 225 Raking light for textured backgrounds 227 Photography Tips for Your Next Day (or Night) on the Town 228 Finding your background first 228 Choosing an aerial perspective 229 Being culturally sensitive 229 Maintaining a sense of lightness and humor 231 Choosing the best stride 232 Showing the urban environment using a wide lens 232 Composing with a sense of direction 233 Avoiding faces to maintain anonymity 235 Part 3: Editing, Organizing, and Sharing Your Photos 237 Chapter 11: Editing with the iOS Photos App 239 Opening Your Photos App 239 Exploring Your Editing Options 241 Starting with Auto adjustments 241 Getting to know the editing tools 243 Applying Filters 247 Vivid 247 Vivid Warm 249 Vivid Cool 249 Dramatic 250 Dramatic Cool 250 Mono 250 Silvertone 250 Noir 250 Cropping an Image 251 Using (and disabling) the Auto Crop tool 252 Flipping your image horizontal 252 Rotating your photo 90 degrees 253 Adjusting Aspect Ratio 253 Editing Your Portrait Photography 255 Chapter 12: Organizing and Sharing Your Photos like a Pro 259 Thinking about Post-Production Workflow 259 Deleting Unwanted Photos 260 Deleting a photo 261 Recovering a deleted photo 262 Favoriting Photos with the Heart Icon 263 Diving into Album Organization 265 Selecting photos to create a new album 266 Removing a photo from an album 267 Using albums wisely 268 Finding photos of a single person 268 Sorting your files by media types 269 Using the Other Albums section 270 Knowing When to Use the Photos Section 270 Making the For You Section Work, Well, for You 271 Using the Search Tool within the Photos App 272 Sharing Your Photos 273 Using shared albums 273 Sharing to any location 275 Sharing to your social media channels 276 Part 4: The Part of Tens 277 Chapter 13: Ten iOS Apps That Will Enhance Your Photography 279 Mark’s Suggested Free Photography Apps 279 Adobe Photoshop Express 280 Adobe Photoshop Fix 280 Adobe Lightroom CC 280 Instagram 280 Facetune2 281 Mark’s Suggested Paid Photography Apps 281 TouchRetouch 281 Slow Shutter Cam 281 Brushstroke 282 SKRWT 282 LensFlare 282 Chapter 14: Ten Tips for Shooting and Sharing Video with Your iPhone 283 Accessing the Video Camera within the Photos App 283 Holding Your iPhone Properly for Smooth Video Recording 284 Trimming the Length of Any Video 284 Adjusting the Exposure and Filter Settings 285 Cropping Your Video 285 Choosing a Video Aspect Ratio 285 Choosing Vertical or Horizontal Orientation 286 Creating Time-Lapse Photography Video Clips 286 Capturing Dramatic Video Clips with Slo-Mo 287 Exporting Your Finished Videos 288 Chapter 15: Ten Extra Editing Features to Jazz Up Your Images 289 Adding Notes and Text Using Markup 289 Adding Your Signature to Your Photos 290 Adding Extra Markup Options to Your Photo 291 Deleting Your Markups to Return to Your Original Photo 291 Creating and Editing a Live Photo 291 Creating a Loop Photo 292 Creating a Bounce Photo 292 Exporting Your Live, Loop, and Bounce Photos 293 Creating a Long Exposure Photo 293 Creating Abstract Photos Using Long Exposure 294 Index 295

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Book SynopsisWINNER AT THE BUSINESS BOOK AWARDS 2022 - SPECIALIST BUSINESS BOOK CATEGORY. As one of the leading business trends today, extended reality (XR) promises to revolutionize the way consumers experience their encounters with brands and products of all kinds. Top brands from Pepsi and Uber to Boeing and the U.S. Army are creating immersive digital experiences that capture the interest and imaginations of their target markets. In Extended Reality in Practice: 100+ Amazing Ways Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality are Changing Business and Society, celebrated futurist, technologist, speaker, and author Bernard Marr delivers a robust and accessible explanation of how all kinds of firms are developing innovative XR solutions to business problems. You'll discover the new ways that companies are harnessing virtual, augmented, and mixed realityto improve consumers' perception of their brands. You'll also find out why there are likely to be no industries that will remain untouched by the use of XR, and why these technologies are popular across the commercial, governmental, and non-profit spectrums. Perfect for Chief Executive Officers, business owners, leaders, managers, and professionals working in business development, Extended Reality in Practice will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working within innovation teams seeking an accessible resource on the possibilities and potential created by augmented, virtual, and mixed reality technologies. An insightful exploration of extended reality from a renowned thought leader, technologist, and futurist Extended Reality in Practice: 100+ Amazing Ways Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality are Changing Business and Society offers readers a front-row seat to one of the most exciting and impactful business trends to find traction in years. Celebrated futurist and author Bernard Marr walks you through the ins and outs of XR, or extended reality, and how it promises to revolutionize everything from the experience of walking through an airport or shopping mall to grabbing a burger at a fast-food restaurant. Discover insightful and illuminating case studies from businesses and organizations in a variety of industries, including Burger King, BMW, Boeing, and the U.S. Army, and see how they're turning virtual, mixed, and augmented reality experiences into big wins for their stakeholders. You'll also find out about how XR can help businesses tackle the problems of lackluster engagement and lukewarm customer loyalty with reinvigorated consumer experiences. Ideal for executives, founders, business leaders and owners, and professionals of all sorts, Extended Reality in Practice is an indispensable guide to an indispensable new technology. The book is the leading resource for anyone seeking a one-stop reference for augmented, virtual, and mixed reality tech and their limitless potential for enterprise.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 1 What Is Extended Reality? 11 2 The Amazing Evolution of XR: A Brief History 23 3 Challenges with XR 33 4 XR in Everyday Life and Business 47 5 Customer Engagement and Retail 61 6 Training and Education 91 7 Healthcare 113 8 Entertainment and Sport 139 9 Real Estate and Construction 165 10 Travel and Hospitality 181 11 Industry and Manufacturing 197 12 Law Enforcement and the Military 217 13 A Look into the Future 231 Acknowledgments 243 About the Author 245 Index 247

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING 1.1 What Is Manufacturing? 1.2 Materials in Manufacturing 1.3 Manufacturing Processes 1.4 Production Systems 1.5 Manufacturing Economics Part I Engineering Materials and Product Attributes 2 THE NATURE OF MATERIALS 2.1 Atomic Structure and the Elements 2.2 Bonding between Atoms and Molecules 2.3 Crystalline Structures 2.4 Noncrystalline (Amorphous) Structures 2.5 Engineering Materials 3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 3.1 Stress-Strain Relationships 3.2 Hardness 3.3 Effect of Temperature on Properties 3.4 Fluid Properties 3.5 Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 4.1 Volumetric and Melting Properties 4.2 Thermal Properties 4.3 Mass Diffusion 4.4 Electrical Properties 4.5 Electrochemical Processes 5 ENGINEERING MATERIALS 5. 1 Metals and Their Alloys 5.2 Ceramics 5.3 Polymers 5.4 Composite Materials 6 DIMENSIONS, SURFACES, AND THEIR MEASUREMENT 6.1 Dimensions, Tolerances, and Related Attributes 6.2 Conventional Measuring Instruments and Gages 6.3 Surfaces 6.4 Measurement of Surfaces 6.5 Effect of Manufacturing Processes Part II Solidification Processes 7 FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL CASTING 7.1 Overview of Casting Technology 7.2 Heating and Pouring 7.3 Solidification and Cooling 8 METAL CASTING PROCESSES 8.1 Sand Casting 8.2 Other Expendable-Mold Casting Processes 8.3 Permanent-Mold Casting Processes 8.4 Foundry Practice 8.5 Casting Quality 8.6 Castability and Casting Economics 8.7 Product Design Considerations 9 GLASSWORKING 9.1 Raw Materials Preparation and Melting 9.2 Shaping Processes in Glassworking 9.3 Heat Treatment and Finishing 9.4 Product Design Considerations 10 SHAPING PROCESSES FOR PLASTICS 10.1 Properties of Polymer Melts 10.2 Extrusion 10.3 Production of Sheet and Film 10.4 Fiber and Filament Production (Spinning) 10.5 Coating Processes 10.6 Injection Molding 10.7 Compression and Transfer Molding 10.8 Blow Molding and Rotational Molding 10.9 Thermoforming 10.10 Casting 10.11 Polymer Foam Processing and Forming 10.12 Product Design Considerations 11 PROCESSING OF POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES AND RUBBER 11.1 Overview of PMC Processing 11.2 Open-Mold Processes 11.3 Closed-Mold Processes 11.4 Other PMC Shaping Processes 11.5 Rubber Processing and Shaping 11.6 Manufacture of Tires and Other Rubber Products Part III Particulate Processing of Metals and Ceramics 12 POWDER METALLURGY 12.1 Characterization of Engineering Powders 12.2 Production of Metallic Powders 12.3 Conventional Pressing and Sintering 12.4 Alternative Pressing and Sintering Techniques 12.5 Powder Metallurgy Materials and Economics 12.6 Product Design Considerations in Powder Metallurgy 13 PROCESSING OF CERAMICS AND CERMETS 13.1 Processing of Traditional Ceramics 13.2 Processing of New Ceramics 13.3 Processing of Cermets 13.4 Product Design Considerations Part IV Metal Forming and Sheet Metalworking 14 FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FORMING 14.1 Overview of Metal Forming 14.2 Material Behavior in Metal Forming 14.3 Temperature in Metal Forming 14.4 Strain Rate Sensitivity 14.5 Friction and Lubrication in Metal Forming 14.6 Forming Limit Diagram 15 BULK DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN METAL WORKING 15.1 Rolling 15.2 Forging 15.3 Extrusion 15.4 Wire and Bar Drawing 16 SHEET METALWORKING 16.1 Cutting Operations 16.2 Bending Operations 16.3 Drawing 16.4 Equipment and Economics for Sheet-Metal Pressworking 16.5 Other Sheet-Metal-Forming Operations 16.6 Sheet-Metal Operations Not Performed on Presses 16.7 Bending of Tube Stock Part V Material Removal Processes 17 THEORY OF METAL MACHINING 17.1 Overview of Machining Technology 17.2 Theory of Chip Formation in Metal Machining 17.3 Force Relationships and the Merchant Equation 17.4 Power and Energy Relationships in Machining 17.5 Cutting Temperature 18 MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINE TOOLS 18.1 Machining and Part Geometry 18.2 Turning and Related Operations 18.3 Drilling and Related Operations 18.4 Milling 18.5 Machining Centers and Turning Centers 18.6 Other Machining Operations 18.7 Machining Operations for Special Geometries 18.8 High-Speed Machining 19 CUTTING-TOOL TECHNOLOGY 19.1 Tool Life 19.2 Tool Materials 19.3 Tool Geometry 19.4 Cutting Fluids 20 ECONOMIC AND PRODUCT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN MACHINING 20.1 Machinability 20.2 Tolerances and Surface Finish 20.3 Machining Economics 20.4 Product Design Considerations in Machining 21 GRINDING AND OTHER ABRASIVE PROCESSES 21.1 Grinding 21.2 Related Abrasive Processes 22 NONTRADITIONAL MACHINING AND THERMAL CUTTING PROCESSES 22.1 Mechanical Energy Processes 22.2 Electrochemical Machining Processes 22.3 Thermal Energy Processes 22.4 Chemical Machining 22. 5 Hybrid Machining Systems 22.6 Application Considerations Part VI Property Enhancing and Surface Processing Operations 23 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS 23.1 Annealing 23.2 Martensite Formation in Steel 23.3 Precipitation Hardening 23.4 Surface Hardening 23.5 Heat Treatment Methods and Facilities 24 SURFACE PROCESSING OPERATIONS 24.1 Industrial Cleaning Processes 24.2 Diffusion and Ion Implantation 24.3 Plating and Related Processes 24.4 Conversion Coating 24.5 Vapor Deposition Processes 24.6 Organic Coatings 24.7 Porcelain Enameling and Other Ceramic Coatings 24.8 Thermal and Mechanical Coating Processes Part VII Joining and Assembly Processes 25 FUNDAMENTALS OF WELDING AND WELDING PROCESSES 25.1 Overview of Welding Technology 25.2 The Weld Joint 25.3 Physics of Welding 25.4 Features of a Fusion-Welded Joint 25.5 Arc Welding 25.6 Resistance Welding 25.7 Oxyfuel Gas Welding 25.8 Other Fusion-Welding Processes 25.9 Solid-State Welding 25.10 Weld Quality 25.11 Weldability and Welding Economics 25.12 Design Considerations in Welding 26 BRAZING, SOLDERING, AND ADHESIVE BONDING 26.1 Brazing 26.2 Soldering 26.3 Adhesive Bonding 27 MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY 27.1 Threaded Fasteners 27.2 Rivets and Eyelets 27.3 Assembly Methods Based on Interference Fits 27.4 Other Mechanical Fastening Methods 27.5 Molding Inserts and Integral Fasteners 27.6 Design for Assembly 27.7 DFMA Guidelines Part VIII Special Processing and Assembly Technologies (Available in e-text for students) 28 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 28.1 Fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing 28.2 Additive Manufacturing Technologies 28.3 Cycle Time and Cost Analysis 28.4 Additive Manufacturing Applications 28.5 File formats of Additive Manufacturing 29 PROCESSING OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 29.1 Overview of IC Processing 29.2 Silicon Processing 29.3 Lithography 29.4 Layer Processes Used in IC Fabrication 29.5 Integrating the Fabrication Steps 29.6 IC Packaging 29.7 Yields in IC Processing 30 ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AND PACKAGING 30.1 Electronics Packaging 30.2 Printed Circuit Boards 30.3 Printed Circuit Board Assembly 30.4 Electrical Connector Technology 31 MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES 31.1 Microsystem Products 31.2 Microfabrication Processes REFERENCES REVIEW QUESTIONS 32 NANOFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES 32.1 Nanotechnology Products and Applications 32.2 Introduction to Nanoscience 32.3 Nanofabrication Processes Part IX Manufacturing Systems 33 AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 33.1 Automation Fundamentals 33.2 Hardware for Automation 33.3 Computer Numerical Control 33.4 Industrial Robotics 34 INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 34.1 Material Handling 34.2 Fundamentals of Production Lines 34.3 Manual Assembly Lines 34.4 Automated Production Lines 34.5 Cellular Manufacturing 34.6 Flexible Manufacturing Systems 34.7 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 34.7.1 Protocols used in Integrated Manufacturing Part X Manufacturing Support Systems 35 PROCESS PLANNING AND PRODUCTION CONTROL 35.1 Process Planning 35.2 Other Manufacturing Engineering Functions 35.3 Production Planning and Control 35.4 Just-in-Time Delivery Systems 35.5 Lean Production 35.6 Agile Production REFERENCES REVIEW QUESTIONS PROBLEMS 36 QUALITY CONTROL AND INSPECTION 36.1 Product Quality 36.2 Process Capability and Tolerances 36.3 Statistical Process Control 36.4 Quality Programs in Manufacturing 36.5 Inspection Principles 36.6 Modern Inspection Technologies REFERENCES STANDARD UNITS USED IN THIS BOOK ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOK INDEX

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Authors v Preface to the Seventh Edition vi How to Use This Book: Key Features viii 1 Innovation – What It Is and Why It Matters 1 1.1 The Importance of Innovation 2 1.2 Innovation Is Not Just High Technology 4 1.3 It’s Not Just Products . . . 7 1.4 Innovation and Entrepreneurship 9 1.5 Strategic Advantage Through Innovation 10 1.6 Old Question, New Context 15 1.7 The Globalization of Innovation 16 1.8 So, What Is Innovation? 19 1.9 A Process View of Innovation 22 1.10 The Scope for Innovation 24 Four Dimensions of Innovation Space 24 Mapping Innovation Space 28 1.11 Key Aspects of Innovation 29 Incremental Innovation – Doing What We Do but Better 30 Component/Architecture Innovation and the Importance of Knowledge 31 Platform Innovation 33 The Innovation Life Cycle – Different Emphasis Over Time 34 Discontinuous Innovation – What Happens When the Game Changes? 37 1.12 Innovation Management 42 Summary 44 Further Reading 45 Other Resources 47 References 48 2 Digital Is Different? 50 2.1 What Is Digital Innovation? 51 2.2 Is It New? 54 2.3 Is It Revolutionary? 55 2.4 What Does It Mean for Innovation? 56 2.5 What Does It Mean for Innovation Management? 59 The New Digital Toolkit 60 New Ways of Thinking About Innovation Management 64 Summary 67 Further Reading 67 Other Resources 68 References 68 3 Innovation as a Core Business Process 70 3.1 The Innovation Journey 70 3.2 Different Circumstances Similar Management Challenges 72 3.3 Variations on a Theme 73 Services and Innovation 73 Service Innovation Emphasizes the Demand Side 77 The Extended Enterprise 79 Innovation in the Non-commercial Arena 79 Not-for-Profit Innovation 80 Social Entrepreneurship 82 3.4 Cross Sector Differences 84 Organizational Size 84 Project-based Organizations 85 Platform Innovation 85 Ecosystems 86 The Influence of Geography 86 Regulatory Context 87 Industry Life Cycle 87 3.5 Do Better/Do Different 88 3.6 A Contingency Model of the Innovation Process 90 3.7 Evolving Models of the Process 90 3.8 Can We Manage Innovation? 93 3.9 Building and Developing Routines across the Core Process 95 Navigating the Negative Side of Routines 95 3.10 Learning to Manage Innovation 96 Identifying Simple Archetypes 97 Measuring Innovation Success 98 What Do We Know About Successful Innovation Management? 99 Success Routines in Innovation Management 101 Key Contextual Influences 107 3.11 Beyond the Steady State 108 Summary 108 Further Reading 109 Other Resources 109 References 110 4 Developing an Innovation Strategy 115 4.1 ‘Rationalist’ or ‘Incrementalist’ Strategies for Innovation? 116 Rationalist Strategy 117 Incrementalist Strategy 120 Implications for Management 121 4.2 Innovation ‘Leadership’ versus ‘Followership’ 123 4.3 The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms 126 Institutions: Finance, Management and Corporate Governance 126 Learning and Imitating 128 4.4 Appropriating the Benefits from Innovation 130 4.5 Exploiting Technological Trajectories 136 4.6 Developing Firm-specific Competencies 139 Hamel and Prahalad on Competencies 139 Assessment of the Core Competencies Approach 141 Developing and Sustaining Competencies 144 4.7 Globalization of Innovation 149 4.8 Enabling Strategy Making 154 Routines to Help Strategic Analysis 154 Portfolio Management Approaches 155 Summary 157 Further Reading 158 Other Resources 158 References 159 5 Building the Innovative Organization 164 5.1 Shared Vision, Leadership and the Will to Innovate 166 5.2 Appropriate Organizational Structure 172 5.3 Key Individuals 176 5.4 High Involvement in Innovation 179 5.5 A Roadmap for the Journey 183 5.6 Effective Team Working 186 5.7 Creative Climate 192 5.8 Boundary-Spanning 204 Contents xiii Summary 207 Further Reading 207 Other Resources 208 References 209 6 Sources of Innovation 214 6.1 Where Do Innovations Come From? 215 6.2 Knowledge Push 216 6.3 Need Pull 218 6.4 Making Processes Better 220 6.5 Crisis-driven Innovation 222 6.6 Whose Needs? The Challenge of Underserved Markets 223 6.7 Emerging Markets 227 6.8 Toward Mass Customization 229 6.9 Users as Innovators 232 6.10 Using the Crowd 235 6.11 Extreme Users 237 6.12 Prototyping 238 6.13 Watching Others – and Learning from Them 239 6.14 Recombinant Innovation 240 6.15 Design-led Innovation 241 6.16 Regulation 243 6.17 Futures and Forecasting 243 6.18 Accidents 244 Summary 245 Further Reading 246 Other Resources 247 References 248 7 Search Strategies for Innovation 251 7.1 The Innovation Opportunity 252 Push or Pull Innovation? 252 Incremental or Radical Innovation? 253 Exploit or Explore? 254 7.2 When to Search 254 7.3 Who Is Involved in Search? 255 7.4 Where to Search – The Innovation Treasure Hunt 257 Ambidexterity in Search 258 Framing Innovation Search Space 258 7.5 A Map of Innovation Search Space 260 Zone 1 261 Zone 2 261 Zone 3 262 Zone 4 262 7.6 How to Search 263 7.7 Absorptive Capacity 266 7.8 Tools and Mechanisms to Enable Search 268 Managing Internal Knowledge Connections 268 Extending External Connections 270 Summary 272 Further Reading 272 Other Resources 273 References 274 8 Innovation Networks 277 8.1 The ‘Spaghetti’ Model of Innovation 279 8.2 Innovation Networks 281 Why Networks? 282 Emergent Properties in Networks 284 Learning Networks 284 Breakthrough Technology Collaborations 286 Regional Networks and Collective Efficiency 286 Mobilizing Networking 287 8.3 Networks at the Start-up 288 8.4 Networks on the Inside . . . 290 8.5 Networks on the Outside 291 8.6 Networks into the Unknown 296 8.7 Managing Innovation Networks 298 Configuring Innovation Networks 298 Facing the Challenges of Innovation Networks 299 Summary 300 Further Reading 301 Other Resources 301 References 302 9 Dealing with Uncertainty 304 9.1 Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty 305 9.2 The Funnel of Uncertainty 306 9.3 Planning Under Uncertainty 307 9.4 Forecasting Innovation 311 Customer or Market Surveys 313 Internal Analysis, for Example, Brainstorming 314 External Assessment, for Example, Delphi 314 Scenario Development 315 9.5 Estimating the Demand for Innovations 316 9.6 Assessing Risk, Recognizing Uncertainty 318 Risk as Probability 319 Perceptions of Risk 321 9.7 Assessing Opportunities for Innovation 325 Financial Assessment of Projects 325 How to Evaluate Learning? 326 How Practicing Managers Cope 334 9.8 Decision Making at the Edge 336 Selection and Reframing 336 9.9 Mapping the Selection Space 339 Summary 345 Further Reading 345 Other Resources 345 References 346 10 Creating New Products and Services 349 10.1 Processes for New Product Development 350 Concept Generation 353 Project Selection 353 Product Development 354 Product Commercialization and Review 355 Lean and Agile Product Development 355 Lean Start-up 356 10.2 Factors Influencing Product Success or Failure 358 Commitment of Senior Management 362 Clear and Stable Vision 362 Improvisation 363 Information Exchange 363 Collaboration under Pressure 364 10.3 Influence of Technology and Markets on Commercialization 364 10.4 Differentiating Products 368 10.5 Building Architectural Products 371 Segmenting Consumer Markets 372 Segmenting Business Markets 373 10.6 Commercializing Technological Products 378 10.7 Implementing Complex Products 381 The Nature of Complex Products 382 Links Between Developers and Users 382 Adoption of Complex Products 384 10.8 Service Innovation 385 10.9 Diffusion of Innovations 391 Processes of Diffusion 391 Factors Influencing Adoption 393 Characteristics of an Innovation 394 Summary 399 Further Reading 399 Other Resources 400 References 401 11 Exploiting Open Innovation and Collaboration 405 11.1 Joint Ventures and Alliances 406 Why Collaborate? 406 11.2 Forms of Collaboration 410 11.3 Patterns of Collaboration 413 11.4 Influence of Technology and Organization 415 Competitive Significance 416 Complexity of the Technology 417 Codifiability of the Technology 418 Credibility Potential 418 Corporate Strategy 419 Firm Competencies 419 Company Culture 419 Management Comfort 420 Managing Alliances for Learning 420 11.5 Collaborating with Suppliers to Innovate 427 11.6 User-led Innovation 431 11.7 Extreme Users 434 Co-development 435 Democratic Innovation and Crowdsourcing 436 11.8 Benefits and Limits of Open Innovation 438 Summary 441 Further Reading 442 Other Resources 442 References 443 12 Promoting Entrepreneurship and New Ventures 448 12.1 Ventures, Defined 449 Profile of a Venture Champion 450 Venture Business Plan 453 Funding 453 Crowd-funding 456 Corporate Venture Funding 456 Venture Capital 458 12.2 Internal Corporate Venturing 460 To Grow the Business 463 To Exploit Underutilized Resources in New Ways 463 To Introduce Pressure on Internal Suppliers 463 To Divest Noncore Activities 463 To Satisfy Managers’ Ambitions 464 To Spread the Risk and Cost of Product Development 464 To Combat Cyclical Demands of Mainstream Activities 464 To Learn About the Process of Venturing 464 To Diversify the Business 465 To Develop New Competencies 465 12.3 Managing Corporate Ventures 467 12.4 Assessing New Ventures 470 Structures for Corporate Ventures 472 Direct Integration 474 Integrated Business Teams 474 New Ventures Department 474 New Venture Division 474 Special Business Units 475 Independent Business Units 475 Nurtured Divestment 476 Complete Spin-off 476 Learning Through Internal Ventures 477 12.5 Spin-outs and New Ventures 479 12.6 University Incubators 482 12.7 Growth and Performance of Innovative Small Firms 489 Summary 499 Further Reading 499 Other Resources 500 References 501 13 Capturing the Business Value of Innovation 505 13.1 Creating Value through Innovation 506 13.2 Innovation and Firm Performance 510 13.3 Exploiting Knowledge and Intellectual Property 514 Generating and Acquiring Knowledge 514 Identifying and Codifying Knowledge 515 Storing and Retrieving Knowledge 518 13.4 Sharing and Distributing Knowledge 520 Converting Knowledge into Innovation 522 13.5 Exploiting Intellectual Property 525 Patents 525 Copyright 529 Design Rights 529 Licensing IPR 529 13.6 Business Models and Value Capture 532 Summary 540 Further Reading 540 Other Resources 541 References 542 14 Creating Social Value 545 14.1 Innovation and Social Change 546 14.2 The Social Innovation Process 548 Social Innovation as a Learning Laboratory 552 Public Sector Innovation 552 Supporting and Enabling Social Innovation 552 Challenges in Social Innovation 553 14.3 Inclusive Innovation 554 14.4 Humanitarian Innovation 556 14.5 The Challenge of Sustainability-led Innovation 557 14.6 A Framework Model for Sustainability-led Innovation 559 14.7 Responsible Innovation 567 Summary 568 Further Reading 569 Other Resources 569 References 570 15 Capturing Learning from Innovation 571 15.1 What We Have Learned About Managing Innovation 572 15.2 How to Build Dynamic Capability 573 15.3 How to Manage Innovation 575 15.4 The Importance of Failure 576 15.5 Tools to Help Capture Learning 577 Postproject Reviews (PPRs) 577 Proceduralizing Learning 578 Agile Innovation Methods 578 Benchmarking 579 Capability Maturity Models 579 15.6 Innovation Auditing 580 15.7 Measuring Innovation Performance 581 15.8 Measuring Innovation Management Capability 581 15.9 Reflection Questions for Innovation Auditing 583 Search 583 Select 584 Implement 584 Proactive Links 586 Learning 587 15.10 Developing Innovation Capability 588 15.11 Final Thoughts 590 Summary 591 Further Reading 591 Other Resources 591 References 592 Index I-1

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Review of Electromagnetic Theory 1 1.1 Introduction to Microwave Engineering 1 Applications of Microwave Engineering 2 A Short History of Microwave Engineering 6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Interference 6 1.2 Maxwell’s Equations 7 1.3 Fields in Media and Boundary Conditions 11 Fields at a General Material Interface 13 Fields at a Dielectric Interface 14 Fields at the Interface with a Perfect Conductor (Electric Wall) 14 The Magnetic Wall Boundary Condition 15 The Radiation Condition 15 1.4 The Wave Equation and Basic Plane Wave Solutions 15 The Helmholtz Equation 15 Plane Waves in a Lossless Medium 16 Plane Waves in a General Lossy Medium 17 Plane Waves in a Good Conductor 18 1.5 General Plane Wave Solutions 20 Circularly Polarized Plane Waves 23 1.6 Energy and Power 24 Power Absorbed by a Good Conductor 25 1.7 Plane Wave Reflection from a Media Interface 27 General Medium 27 Lossless Medium 28 Good Conductor 30 Perfect Conductor 31 The Surface Impedance Concept 31 1.8 Oblique Incidence at a Dielectric Interface 33 Parallel Polarization 34 Perpendicular Polarization 35 Total Reflection and Surface Waves 37 1.9 Some Useful Theorems 38 The Reciprocity Theorem 38 Image Theory 39 2 Transmission Line Theory 47 2.1 The Lumped-Element Circuit Model for a Transmission Line 47 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line 48 The Lossless Line 49 2.2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 50 Transmission Line Parameters 50 The Telegrapher Equations Derived from Field Analysis of a Coaxial Line 52 Propagation Constant, Impedance, and Power Flow for the Lossless Coaxial Line 53 2.3 The Terminated Lossless Transmission Line 54 Special Cases of Lossless Terminated Lines 57 2.4 The Smith Chart 60 The Combined Impedance–Admittance Smith Chart 63 The Slotted Line 65 Online Smith Chart 68 2.5 Generator and Load Mismatches 68 Load Matched to Line 70 Generator Matched to Loaded Line 70 Conjugate Matching 70 2.6 Lossy Transmission Lines 72 The Low-Loss Line 72 The Distortionless Line 73 The Terminated Lossy Line 74 The Perturbation Method for Calculating Attenuation 74 The Wheeler Incremental Inductance Rule 76 2.7 Transients on Transmission Lines 78 Reflection of Pulses from a Terminated Transmission Line 78 Bounce Diagrams for Transient Propagation 80 3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 87 3.1 General Solutions for TEM, TE, and TM Waves 88 TEM Waves 89 Impossibility of TEM Mode 91 TE Waves 91 TM Waves 92 Attenuation Due to Dielectric Loss 92 3.2 Parallel Plate Waveguide 93 TEM Modes 93 TM Modes 95 TE Modes 98 3.3 Rectangular Waveguide 101 TE Modes 101 TM Modes 105 TEm0 Modes of a Partially Loaded Waveguide 109 3.4 Circular Waveguide 112 TE Modes 113 TM Modes 116 3.5 Coaxial Line 121 TEM Modes 121 Higher Order Modes 122 3.6 Surface Waves on a Grounded Dielectric Sheet 125 TM Modes 125 TE Modes 127 3.7 Stripline 130 Formulas for Propagation Constant, Characteristic Impedance, and Attenuation 132 An Approximate Electrostatic Solution 134 3.8 Microstrip Line 136 Formulas for Effective Dielectric Constant, Characteristic Impedance, and Attenuation 137 Frequency-Dependent Effects and Higher Order Modes 139 3.9 The Transverse Resonance Technique 141 TE0n Modes of a Partially Loaded Rectangular Waveguide 142 3.10 Wave Velocities and Dispersion 143 Group Velocity 143 3.11 Summary of Transmission Lines and Waveguides 145 Other Types of Lines and Guides 146 4 Microwave Network Analysis 153 4.1 Impedance and Equivalent Voltages and Currents 154 Equivalent Voltages and Currents 154 The Concept of Impedance 157 Even and Odd Properties of Z(𝜔) and Γ(𝜔) 159 4.2 Impedance and Admittance Matrices 160 Reciprocal Networks 162 Lossless Networks 163 4.3 The Scattering Matrix 164 Reciprocal Networks and Lossless Networks 167 A Shift in Reference Planes 169 Power Waves and Generalized Scattering Parameters 171 4.4 The Transmission (ABCD) Matrix 174 Relation to Impedance Matrix 175 Equivalent Circuits for Two-Port Networks 177 4.5 Signal Flow Graphs 177 Decomposition of Signal Flow Graphs 180 Application to Thru-Reflect-Line Network Analyzer Calibration 183 4.6 Discontinuities and Modal Analysis 187 Modal Analysis of an H-Plane Step in Rectangular Waveguide 187 4.7 Excitation of Waveguides—Electric and Magnetic Currents 193 Current Sheets That Excite Only One Waveguide Mode 193 Mode Excitation from an Arbitrary Electric or Magnetic Current Source 195 5 Impedance Matching and Tuning 204 5.1 Matching with Lumped Elements (L Networks) 205 Analytical Solutions 205 Smith Chart Solutions 206 5.2 Single-Stub Tuning 209 Shunt Stubs 210 Series Stubs 213 5.3 Double-Stub Tuning 216 Smith Chart Solution 216 Analytical Solution 219 5.4 The Quarter-Wave Transformer 220 The Impedance Viewpoint 220 The Multiple-Reflection Viewpoint 222 Impedance Matching of the Quarter-Wave Transformer 223 5.5 The Theory of Small Reflections 226 Single-Section Transformer 226 Multisection Transformer 228 5.6 Binomial Multisection Matching Transformers 228 5.7 Chebyshev Multisection Matching Transformers 232 Chebyshev Polynomials 232 Design of Chebyshev Transformers 233 5.8 Tapered Lines 236 Exponential Taper 237 Triangular Taper 238 Klopfenstein Taper 238 6 Microwave Resonators 244 6.1 Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits 244 Series Resonant Circuit 244 Parallel Resonant Circuit 247 Loaded and Unloaded Q 249 6.2 Transmission Line Resonators 249 Short-Circuited 𝜆∕2 Line 250 Short-Circuited 𝜆∕4 Line 252 Open-Circuited 𝜆∕2 Line 252 6.3 Rectangular Waveguide Cavity Resonators 254 Resonant Frequencies 254 Unloaded Q of the TE10𝓁 Mode 256 6.4 Circular Waveguide Cavity Resonators 258 Resonant Frequencies 258 Unloaded Q of the TEnm𝓁 Mode 260 6.5 Dielectric Resonators 263 Resonant Frequencies of TE01𝛿 Mode 263 6.6 Excitation of Resonators 266 The Coupling Coefficient and Critical Coupling 266 A Gap-Coupled Microstrip Resonator 268 7 Power Dividers and Directional Couplers 275 7.1 Basic Properties of Dividers and Couplers 275 Three-Port Networks (T-Junctions) 275 Four-Port Networks (Directional Couplers) 278 7.2 The T-Junction Power Divider 282 Lossless Divider 282 Resistive Divider 284 7.3 The Wilkinson Power Divider 285 Even-Odd Mode Analysis 285 Unequal Power Division and N-Way Wilkinson Dividers 288 7.4 Waveguide Directional Couplers 290 Bethe Hole Coupler 290 Design of Multihole Couplers 294 7.5 The Quadrature (90◦) Hybrid 298 Even-Odd Mode Analysis 299 7.6 Coupled Line Directional Couplers 302 Coupled Line Theory 302 Design of Coupled Line Couplers 306 Design of Multisection Coupled Line Couplers 310 7.7 The Lange Coupler 313 7.8 The 180◦ Hybrid 316 Even-Odd Mode Analysis of the Ring Hybrid 318 Even-Odd Mode Analysis of the Tapered Coupled Line Hybrid 321 Waveguide Magic-T 324 7.9 Other Couplers 325 8 Microwave Filters 333 8.1 Periodic Structures 334 Analysis of Infinite Periodic Structures 334 Terminated Periodic Structures 336 k-𝛽 Diagrams and Wave Velocities 337 8.2 Filter Design by the Image Parameter Method 340 Image Impedances and Transfer Functions for Two-Port Networks 340 Constant-k Filter Sections 342 m-Derived Filter Sections 344 Composite Filters 347 8.3 Filter Design by the Insertion Loss Method 349 Characterization by Power Loss Ratio 350 Maximally Flat Low-Pass Filter Prototype 352 Equal-Ripple Low-Pass Filter Prototype 355 Linear Phase Low-Pass Filter Prototypes 355 8.4 Filter Transformations 355 Impedance and Frequency Scaling 356 Bandpass and Bandstop Transformations 361 8.5 Filter Implementation 364 Richards’ Transformation 364 Kuroda’s Identities 364 Impedance and Admittance Inverters 369 8.6 Stepped-Impedance Low-Pass Filters 370 Approximate Equivalent Circuits for Short Transmission Line Sections 370 Comparison of Richards’ Transformation and Stepped-Impedance Method 373 8.7 Coupled Line Filters 373 Filter Properties of a Coupled Line Section 374 Design of Coupled Line Bandpass Filters 377 9 Theory and Design of Ferrimagnetic Components 387 9.1 Basic Properties of Ferrimagnetic Materials 388 The Permeability Tensor 388 Circularly Polarized Fields 392 Effect of Loss 394 Demagnetization Factors 396 9.2 Plane Wave Propagation in a Ferrite Medium 399 Propagation in Direction of Bias (Faraday Rotation) 399 Propagation Transverse to Bias (Birefringence) 402 9.3 Propagation in a Ferrite-Loaded Rectangular Waveguide 404 TEm0 Modes of Waveguide with a Single Ferrite Slab 404 TEm0 Modes of Waveguide with Two Symmetric Ferrite Slabs 407 9.4 Ferrite Isolators 408 Resonance Isolators 409 The Field Displacement Isolator 411 9.5 Ferrite Phase Shifters 413 Nonreciprocal Latching Phase Shifter 414 Other Types of Ferrite Phase Shifters 416 The Gyrator 417 9.6 Ferrite Circulators 418 Properties of a Mismatched Circulator 418 Junction Circulator 419 10 Noise and Nonlinear Distortion 427 10.1 Noise in Microwave Circuits 427 Dynamic Range and Sources of Noise 427 Noise Power and Equivalent Noise Temperature 429 Measurement of Noise Temperature 431 10.2 Noise Figure 432 Definition of Noise Figure 432 Noise Figure of a Cascaded System 434 Noise Figure of a Passive Two-Port Network 436 Noise Figure of a Mismatched Lossy Line 437 Noise Figure of a Mismatched Amplifier 439 10.3 Nonlinear Distortion 440 Gain Compression 441 Harmonic and Intermodulation Distortion 442 Third-Order Intercept Point 443 Intercept Point of a Cascaded System 444 Passive Intermodulation 446 10.4 Dynamic Range 447 Linear and Spurious Free Dynamic Range 447 11 Active RF and Microwave Devices 453 11.1 Diodes and Diode Circuits 453 Schottky Diodes and Detectors 454 PIN Diodes and Control Circuits 458 Varactor Diodes 464 Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum (RWH) Theory 465 Two-Valley Model Theory 465 Other Diodes 467 Power Combining 468 11.2 Bipolar Junction Transistors 469 Bipolar Junction Transistor 469 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor 470 11.3 Field Effect Transistors 471 Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor 472 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor 473 High Electron Mobility Transistor 474 11.4 Microwave Integrated Circuits 475 Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits 475 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits 476 11.5 Microwave Tubes 479 Klystron 480 Traveling Wave Tube 482 Backward Wave Oscillator 482 Extended Interaction Oscillator 483 Magnetrons 483 Cross-Field Amplifier 483 Gyratron 483 12 Microwave Amplifier Design 487 12.1 Two-Port Power Gains 487 Definitions of Two-Port Power Gains 487 Further Discussion of Two-Port Power Gains 491 12.2 Stability 492 Stability Circles 493 Tests for Unconditional Stability 495 12.3 Single-Stage Transistor Amplifier Design 498 Design for Maximum Gain (Conjugate Matching) 498 Constant-Gain Circles and Design for Specified Gain 503 Low-Noise Amplifier Design 506 Low-Noise MOSFET Amplifier 510 12.4 Broadband Transistor Amplifier Design 511 Balanced Amplifiers 512 Distributed Amplifiers 514 Differential Amplifiers 518 12.5 Power Amplifiers 521 Characteristics of Power Amplifiers and Amplifier Classes 521 Large-Signal Characterization of Transistors 522 Design of Class A Power Amplifiers 523 13 Oscillators and Mixers 529 13.1 RF Oscillators 530 General Analysis 530 Oscillators Using a Common Emitter BJT 531 Oscillators Using a Common Gate FET 533 Practical Considerations 534 Crystal Oscillators 535 13.2 Microwave Oscillators 536 Transistor Oscillators 538 Dielectric Resonator Oscillators 541 13.3 Oscillator Phase Noise 544 Representation of Phase Noise 544 Leeson’s Model for Oscillator Phase Noise 545 13.4 Frequency Multipliers 549 Reactive Diode Multipliers (Manley–Rowe Relations) 549 Resistive Diode Multipliers 552 Transistor Multipliers 553 13.5 Mixers 557 Mixer Characteristics 557 Single-Ended Diode Mixer 561 Single-Ended FET Mixer 562 Balanced Mixer 564 Image Reject Mixer 567 Differential FET Mixer and Gilbert Cell Mixer 568 Other Mixers 570 14 Introduction To Microwave Systems 576 14.1 System Aspects of Antennas 576 Fields and Power Radiated by an Antenna 579 Antenna Pattern Characteristics 580 Antenna Gain and Efficiency 582 Aperture Efficiency and Effective Area 583 Background and Brightness Temperature 583 Antenna Noise Temperature and G/T 586 14.2 Wireless Communication 588 The Friis Formula 589 Link Budget and Link Margin 590 Radio Receiver Architectures 592 Noise Characterization of a Receiver 594 Digital Modulation and Bit Error Rate 597 Wireless Communication Systems 599 14.3 Radar Systems 603 The Radar Equation 604 Pulse Radar 606 Doppler Radar 607 Radar Cross Section 608 14.4 Radiometer Systems 609 Theory and Applications of Radiometry 609 Total Power Radiometer 611 The Dicke Radiometer 612 14.5 Microwave Propagation 613 Atmospheric Effects 614 Ground Effects 615 Plasma Effects 616 14.6 Other Applications and Topics 616 Microwave Heating 616 Power Transfer 617 Biological Effects and Safety 618 Appendices 624 A Prefixes 625 B Vector Analysis 625 C Bessel Functions 627 D Useful Results 629 E Other Mathematical Results 631 F Physical Constants 631 G Conductivities for Some Materials 632 H Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents for Some Materials 632 I Properties of Some Microwave Ferrite Materials 633 J Standard Rectangular Waveguide Data 633 K Standard Coaxial Cable Data 634 Answers to selected Problems 635 Index 637

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Book SynopsisValidate your AWS Cloud database skills! AWS Certified Database Study Guide: Specialty (DBS-C01) Exam focuses on helping you to understand the basic job role of a database administrator / architect and to prepare for taking the certification exam. This is your opportunity to take the next step in your career by expanding and validating your skills on the AWS Cloud, and performing a database-focused role. AWS is the frontrunner in cloud computing products and services, and this study guide will help you to gain an understanding of core AWS services, uses, and basic AWS database design and deployment best practices. AWS offers more than relational and nonrelation databases, they offer purpose built databases, which allow you to utilize database services prebuilt to meet your business requirements. If you are looking to take the Specialty (DBS-C01) exam, this Study Guide is what you need for comprehensive content and robust study tools that will help you gain the edge Table of ContentsIntroduction xxv Assessment Test xxxv Part I Workload- Specific Database Design 1 Chapter 1 Databases— from Your Server to AWS Cloud 3 Databases from the Beginning 4 1960s 5 1970s 5 1980s 6 1990s 7 2000–2010 7 2010–Today 8 Databases on Premises 9 Basic Infrastructure 9 Complex Infrastructure and Resiliency 9 Management 10 Databases in the Cloud 10 Data Remains Data 11 DBAs Are the Initial DevOps 11 DBA Career— Now What? 11 Summary 12 Chapter 2 Basic AWS Concepts 13 AWS Global Infrastructure 14 AWS Regions 14 AWS Availability Zones 14 AWS Local Zones 15 AWS Wavelength Zones 15 Points of Prescence 16 Networking 16 IP Addressing 17 Subnets 17 VPC Routing 17 Gateways and Connectivity Options 18 Security 21 Network Security 21 AWS Shared Responsibility Model 22 Identity and Access Management 24 Data Encryption 25 Storage at AWS 26 Amazon Elastic Block Storage 27 Amazon Elastic File System 28 Amazon Simple Storage Service 29 Operations 31 Monitoring and Logging 32 Amazon CloudWatch 32 AWS CloudTrail 33 Summary 34 Chapter 3 Purpose- Built Databases 35 Data store Concepts 36 Data Access Patterns 37 Latency 37 Scaling 37 Transaction Support 38 Consistency 38 Volume 38 Durability 39 Availability 39 Security/Compliance 39 Business Logic 39 Cost 40 Purpose- Built Databases on AWS 40 Relational Databases 40 Nonrelational Databases 42 Summary 46 Exam Essentials 46 Review Questions 48 Part II Management and Operations, Database Security, Monitoring and Troubleshooting Per Workload 51 Chapter 4 Relational Databases on AWS 53 Relational Databases 54 Structured Query Language 55 Install and Manage Databases Yourself 57 I/O Requirement 58 Managing Databases on EC 2 60 Monitoring Databases on EC 2 60 Scaling Databases 61 Upgrading Databases 61 Managed Services for Relational Databases 62 Launching an RDS Instance 63 Managing High Availability and Scalability 72 Configuring RDS Parameter Groups 74 Configuring RDS Option Groups 76 Deletion Protection 78 RDS Pricing Model 79 Amazon Aurora Cloud- Native Relational Database 79 Amazon Aurora Storage 80 Amazon Aurora DB Clusters 81 Amazon Aurora High Availability 82 Amazon Aurora Global Database 82 Amazon Aurora Read Replica Across Regions 84 Amazon Aurora Serverless 84 Amazon Aurora Multi- master 85 Patch Management and Upgrade 86 Monitoring and Performance Management 86 Backup and Restore 90 Backtrack 94 Cloning an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster Volume 94 Auditing 97 Database Activity Stream in Amazon Aurora 98 Security 98 Migrating Databases 101 Summary 101 Exam Essentials 101 Exercises 102 Review Questions 106 Chapter 5 Low- Latency Response Time for Your Apps and APIs 109 Getting Started with Modern Applications and NoSQL Databases 110 Amazon DynamoDB 112 Design Considerations 112 Migrating Your Data into DynamoDB 114 Query Considerations 116 Amazon DynamoDB Index Options 120 DynamoDB Capacity Modes 122 Other Features of DynamoDB 124 Backup/Restore 134 Scalability 136 Security 139 Monitoring 143 Amazon Keyspaces 148 Design Considerations 148 Migrating Your Data into Keyspaces 149 Query Considerations 150 Keyspaces Capacity Modes 151 Consistency Models 152 Uses Cases 153 Best Practices 153 Backups 154 Scalability 155 Security 155 Monitoring 157 Summary 158 Exam Essentials 159 Exercises 159 Review Questions 162 Chapter 6 Document Databases in the Cloud 165 Introducing Document Databases 166 Getting Started with Amazon DocumentDB 170 Creating an Amazon DocumentDB Cluster 174 Amazon DocumentDB Architecture 175 Security 177 Access Control 177 Data Protection 178 Other Features 179 Backup and Restore 180 Performance and Scaling 182 Compatibility between Amazon DocumentDB and MongoDB 182 Migrating from MongoDB to Amazon DocumentDB 183 Amazon DocumentDB Monitoring 184 Developing with Amazon DocumentDB 187 When to Use DynamoDB vs. DocumentDB 187 Amazon DocumentDB Pricing 188 Summary 189 Exam Essentials 189 Exercises 190 Review Questions 192 Chapter 7 Better Places Than Databases to Store Large Objects 195 Databases and Large Objects 196 Introducing Amazon S 3 198 Costs of Amazon S3 vs. Elastic Block Storage 200 Moving LOBs to Amazon S 3 204 Creating an S3 Bucket 204 Putting or Uploading Objects 206 Indexing LOBs in Amazon S 3 208 Additional S3 Features 211 Backup and Dump Files 211 Other Use Cases 211 Pay per Usage and Scalability 212 Availability and Durability 213 Security 214 Access Control 214 Data Encryption 215 Summary 216 Exam Essentials 216 Exercises 217 Review Questions 219 Chapter 8 Deliver Valuable Information at the Speed Your Business Needs 225 Information Latency 226 Data Warehouses 229 Database Engines for Data Warehouses 231 Migrating Data Warehouses to Amazon Redshift Using Aws Sct 233 Amazon Redshift 235 Redshift Cluster Architecture 235 Table Design in Redshift 235 Loading Data into Redshift 240 Data Lakes in AWS 241 Redshift Spectrum 242 Redshift Federated Queries 242 Data Lakehouse 242 Redshift Cluster Node Types 243 Redshift Monitoring 244 Redshift Scalability 245 Redshift Security 246 Redshift Data Resilience and Backup 247 Time- Series Databases 249 Amazon Timestream 251 Amazon Timestream Architecture 252 Loading Data into Amazon Timestream 253 Querying Data from Amazon Timestream 254 Amazon Timestream Monitoring 255 Amazon Timestream Scalability 255 Amazon Timestream Security 256 Amazon Timestream Data Resilience and Backup 257 Amazon OpenSearch Service 257 Amazon OpenSearch Service Domain Architecture 257 Loading Data to Amazon OpenSearch Service 257 Searching for Data in Amazon OpenSearch Service 258 Amazon OpenSearch Service Monitoring 259 Amazon OpenSearch Service Scalability 259 Amazon OpenSearch Service Security 259 Amazon OpenSearch Service Data Resilience and Backup 259 Summary 260 Exam Essentials 261 Exercises 261 Review Questions 271 Chapter 9 Discovering Relationships Using Graph Databases 275 Graph Databases 276 When to Use Graph Databases 277 Common Use Cases 278 Amazon Neptune 279 High- Level Architecture 279 Graph Models and Query Languages 280 Using and Extracting Data from Amazon Neptune 282 Storage Architecture 284 Data Resilience 284 Read Replicas 284 Scalability 286 Availability 287 Failover Policy 287 Security 288 Automatic Backup and Restore 289 Monitoring 290 Summary 291 Exam Essentials 291 Review Questions 292 Chapter 10 Immutable Database and Traceable Transactions 295 Amazon Quantum Ledger Database 296 Amazon QLDB Components 297 Working with Amazon QLDB 300 Backup and Durability 303 Performance and Scalability 304 Security 305 Monitoring 306 Best Practices 307 Summary 307 Exam Essentials 308 Exercises 308 Review Questions 311 Chapter 11 Caching Data with In- Memory Databases 313 Built- in Database Cache 314 Local Application Cache 315 In- Memory Databases 315 Caching Use Cases 315 Remote Cache Strategies 316 Caching Data in AWS 317 Caching Data with ElastiCache 319 Memcached or Redis? 319 Memcached Architecture on Amazon ElastiCache Service 320 Redis Architecture on the Amazon ElastiCache Service 321 Backup and Restore 324 Security 324 Monitoring 325 Amazon MemoryDB for Redis 325 Summary 326 Exam Essentials 326 Exercises 327 Review Questions 334 Part III Deployment and Migration 337 Chapter 12 Migrating Your Data to AWS 339 Network Communication and Data Migration 340 Optimizing Bandwidth Usage 343 Database Migration to AWS 343 AWS Schema Conversion Tool 344 AWS Data Migration Service 347 Setting Up AWS DMS 350 AWS DMS Continuous Replication 352 AWS DMS Best Practices 353 AWS DMS Security 356 AWS DMS Resilience 356 Other AWS Services for Data Migration 357 AWS DataSync 357 AWS Snow Family 357 AWS Storage Gateway 358 Choosing the Migration Path 358 One or Many Target Databases 358 Small, Noncritical Databases 359 Very Large Databases 359 Summary 360 Exam Essentials 360 Exercises 361 Review Questions 365 Chapter 13 Disaster Recovery 369 Understanding and Planning Disaster Recovery Requirements 370 Recovery Point Objective and Recovery Time Objective 371 Challenges in Disaster Recovery 371 Managing Disaster Recovery Strategies 373 Backup and Recovery Strategy 373 Database Replication Methods: Multi- AZ and Cross- Region Replication 373 Databases Deployed on EC 2 374 Amazon RDS 375 Amazon Aurora 378 Amazon Neptune 383 Summary 384 Exam Essentials 384 Review Questions 386 Chapter 14 Save Time and Reduce Errors Automating Your Infrastructure 389 AWS CloudFormation 390 Components 393 Important Concepts 400 Updating AWS CloudFormation Stacks 403 Deleting AWS CloudFormation Stacks 408 AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store 409 AWS Secrets Manager 411 Summary 415 Exam Essentials 415 Review Questions 416 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 421 Chapter 3: Purpose- Built Databases 422 Chapter 4: Relational Databases on AWS 422 Chapter 5: Low- Latency Response Time for Your Apps and APIs 424 Chapter 6: Document Databases in the Cloud 425 Chapter 7: Better Places Other Than Databases to Store Large Objects 426 Chapter 8: Deliver Valuable Information at the Speed Your Business Needs 427 Chapter 9: Discovering Relationships Using Graph Databases 429 Chapter 10: Immutable Database and Traceable Transactions 431 Chapter 11: Caching Data with In- Memory Databases 432 Chapter 12: Migrating Your Data to AWS 433 Chapter 13: Disaster Recovery 434 Chapter 14: Save Time and Reduce Errors Automating Your Infrastructure 436 Index 439

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Book SynopsisThe new and enhanced edition of the popular textbook on research methods in construction and related disciplines Research Methods for Construction is designed to help construction students develop the research skills needed to achieve success in their research projects. Providing clear guidance on research formulation, methodologies, and methods, this comprehensive textbook addresses the theoretical, philosophical, and practical aspects of research in many areas of construction. The authors explain the requirements for data and analysis and describe the methods used for scientific and engineering experiments, modelling and simulations, research on management and socio-economic issues, and more. Now in its fifth edition, Research Methods for Construction is fully revised to reflect contemporary developments and emerging areas of construction research. New and expanded chapters cover topics including data protection and ethics, theory borrowing, sensemaking, and directionally motivated reasoning. This edition includes additional models and details relating to translation, and offers fresh discussion of axiology, determinism, and stochasticism. Providing students with coherent, well-structured account of construction research, this market-leading textbook: Emphasizes and instils rigor into construction students' problem-solving, reports, and publicationsAssists researchers in selecting appropriate methods to execute researchArticulates the stages of construction research processes: producing a proposal, executing the research, and reporting the resultsExamines qualitative and quantitative approaches and statistical considerations for a wide range of construction researchDiscusses current ethical, legal, and regulatory issues pertaining to research in construction The fifth edition of Research Methods for Construction is the ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students embarking on a research project, at bachelors, masters or doctoral level, in construction, surveying, architecture, civil engineering, and other built environment disciplines.Table of ContentsContents About the Authors ix Preface to the Fifth Edition xi Part 1 Producing a Proposal 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The concept of research 3 1.1.1 Research: a careful search/investigation 4 1.1.2 Research: contribution to knowledge 4 1.1.3 A learning process 6 1.1.4 Contextual factors affecting research 6 1.2 Classifications of research 7 1.2.1 Pure and applied research 7 1.2.2 Quantitative and qualitative research 8 1.2.3 Other categories of research 11 1.3 Theories and paradigms 12 1.3.1 Development of knowledge 13 1.3.2 Testing a theory 16 1.3.3 Paradigms 19 1.3.4 Positivism 20 1.3.5 Interpretivism 21 1.3.6 Pragmatism 23 1.3.7 Models and hypotheses 23 1.4 Research styles 25 1.4.1 Action research 25 1.4.2 Ethnographic research 26 1.4.3 Surveys 27 1.4.4 Case studies 28 1.4.5 Experiments 29 1.5 Quantitative and qualitative approaches 31 1.5.1 Quantitative approaches 32 1.5.2 Qualitative approaches 32 1.5.3 Triangulated studies 32 1.5.4 Data sources 33 1.6 Where to begin 35 1.7 Summary 36 References 37 2 Topic for Study 41 2.1 Selection of a topic 41 2.1.1 Resources 41 2.1.2 Subject selection 43 2.1.3 Choosing a topic 46 2.1.4 Evaluating alternatives 46 2.1.5 Refining a topic 47 2.2 Writing the proposal 48 2.2.1 Aim 49 2.2.2 Proposition 49 2.2.3 Objectives 50 2.2.4 Hypotheses 51 2.2.5 Methodology and methods 53 2.2.6 Programme 55 2.2.7 Deliverables and industrial or practitioner support 55 2.3 Summary 56 References 56 Part 2 Executing the Research 59 3 Initial Research 61 3.1 The research process 61 3.1.1 Initial phase 64 3.1.2 Data and information 66 3.1.3 Dynamic process 68 3.2 Initial search 69 3.2.1 Definitions and assumptions 71 3.2.2 Theory and literature reviews 71 3.2.3 Analysing data from a search 72 3.3 Literature based discovery 75 3.4 Assembling the theoretical framework 76 3.4.1 Theory borrowing 79 3.4.2 Theorising 83 3.5 Philosophy and paradigms 84 3.5.1 Ontology, epistemology, and axiology 86 3.5.2 Positivism 88 3.5.3 Realism 89 3.5.4 Interpretivism 91 3.5.5 Constructivism 92 3.5.6 Phenomenalism 93 3.5.7 Postmodernism 95 3.5.8 Pragmatism 96 3.6 Fuzzy thinking 96 3.7 Theoretical models and constructs 97 3.7.1 Theoretical model 98 3.7.2 Constructs 100 3.8 Proper referencing 101 3.9 Summary 103 Notes 104 References 104 4 Approaches to Empirical Work 110 4.1 Starting data collection 110 4.2 Experience 111 4.3 Reasoning and inference 112 4.3.1 Sensemaking 114 4.3.2 Motivated reasoning 115 4.3.3 Determinism and stochasticism 117 4.3.4 Complexity 119 4.4 Systems of methods 122 4.5 Research design 123 4.5.1 Context 126 4.5.2 Variance and errors 126 4.5.3 Empiricism, rationalism, and verification 127 4.6 Qualitative and quantitative approaches 129 4.6.1 When are qualitative approaches employed? 130 4.6.2 When are quantitative approaches employed? 134 4.7 Experimental 135 4.7.1 Experiments and quasi-experiments 135 4.7.2 Variables 138 4.7.3 Experimental control 141 4.7.4 Replication 142 4.7.5 Between-subjects design (simple randomised experiments) 143 4.7.6 Between-subjects design (matched randomised groups) 143 4.7.7 Within-subject design (repeated measure design) 144 4.7.8 Factorial experiments 145 4.8 Survey 145 4.9 Secondary 147 4.9.1 Archival 149 4.9.2 Meta-analysis 150 4.10 Case study 151 4.11 Ethnographic 155 4.11.1 Ethnography 156 4.11.2 Ethnomethodology 158 4.12 Action 158 4.13 Grounded theory (development of theory from data) 159 4.14 Narrative 162 4.15 Modelling 163 4.15.1 Classification of models 163 4.15.2 Deterministic and stochastic models 164 4.15.3 The modelling process 165 4.16 Simulation 166 4.16.1 Dynamism 166 4.16.2 Heuristics 166 4.16.3 Approaches 167 4.17 Level of research 168 4.18 Practice-based research 171 4.19 Summary 175 References 176 5 Hypotheses 182 5.1 Essentials of a valid hypothesis 182 5.2 Roles of hypotheses 185 5.3 Objective testing of hypotheses 187 5.4 Role of sampling 188 5.5 Common statistical measures 191 5.5.1 Normal distribution 196 5.6 Null hypotheses 198 5.7 Validities 199 5.8 Summary 202 References 202 6 Data Collection 204 6.1 Data requirements 204 6.2 Sources of quantitative data 207 6.3 Collecting data from respondents 210 6.3.1 Questionnaires 213 6.3.2 Interviews 215 6.4 Case studies 218 6.5 Triangulation 218 6.6 Sampling 219 6.6.1 Sample size 223 6.7 Scales of measurement 227 6.7.1 Scaling techniques (non-metric and metric) 229 6.7.2 Non-comparative (metric) scales 229 6.7.3 Comparative (non-metric) scales 230 6.7.4 Common scaling methods 231 6.7.5 Development of multi-item scales 233 6.8 Obtaining data 235 6.9 Translation 243 6.10 Response styles and biases 244 6.11 Summary 246 References 247 7 Data Analysis 251 7.1 Analysing data 251 7.2 Plotting data 256 7.3 Statistical methods 260 7.4 Non-parametric tests 261 7.4.1 Sign test 261 7.4.2 Rank-sum tests 262 7.4.3 Chi-square (𝜒2) test 266 7.4.4 Goodness of fit 267 7.5 Parametric tests 267 7.5.1 t-Test 268 7.5.2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 268 7.5.3 Regression and correlation 271 7.5.4 Multiple regression 276 7.5.5 Time series 277 7.5.6 Index numbers 282 7.5.7 Simple average index 283 7.5.8 Chained index 287 7.6 Other analytical techniques 289 7.6.1 Cluster analysis 289 7.6.2 Factor analysis 290 7.6.3 Path analysis 292 7.6.4 Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 295 7.7 Analysis of qualitative data 296 7.7.1 Analysing documents (from texts) 297 7.7.2 Conversation analysis 299 7.7.3 Discourse analysis 300 7.7.4 Social network analysis 301 7.7.5 Multi-level research 303 7.7.6 Meta-analysis 304 7.7.7 Longitudinal research 304 7.8 Summary 305 References 306 8 Ethics in Research 310 8.1 The concepts of morals and ethics 310 8.2 Research ethics 314 8.2.1 Theory and literature 317 8.2.2 Data collection, use, and disposal 318 8.3 Data analysis, intellectual property, and data protection 320 8.3.1 Data analysis, results, and reporting 320 8.3.2 Intellectual property 322 8.3.3 Data protection 322 8.4 Equality, diversity, and inclusion 323 8.5 Summary 327 References 328 Part 3 Reporting the Results 331 9 Results, Inferences, and Conclusions 333 9.1 Requirements for valid results 333 9.2 Potential sources of error 334 9.3 Reliability 335 9.4 Results 336 9.4.1 Producing the results 336 9.4.2 Introductory results 337 9.4.3 Substantive results 338 9.4.4 Inferences 339 9.4.5 Causal relationships 340 9.4.6 Interpretation 341 9.5 Conclusions 345 9.5.1 How to write conclusions 345 9.5.2 Further research 347 9.6 Summary 347 References 348 10 Reports and Presentations 349 10.1 Report production 349 10.2 Communication 350 10.3 Contents of the report 352 10.3.1 How to begin 352 10.3.2 Text of the report 353 10.3.3 Theory and literature 354 10.3.4 Reporting on methodology and methods 356 10.3.5 Reporting on data sourcing and data collection 356 10.3.6 Presentation of results 357 10.3.7 Discussion of results 358 10.3.8 Conclusions 358 10.3.9 Limitations 359 10.3.10 Recommendations 359 10.3.11 Introduction 360 10.3.12 Remainder of the report 360 10.4 Oral presentation 361 10.5 Summary 362 References 362 Index 363

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 1.1 Engineering Fluid Mechanics 1.2 Modeling in Fluid Mechanics and Engineering 1.3 Modeling of Materials 1.4 Weight, Mass, and Newton’s Law of Gravitation 1.5 Essential Mathematics Topics 1.6 Density and Specific Weight 1.7 The Ideal Gas Law (IGL) 1.8 Quantity, Units, and Dimensions 1.9 Problem Solving 1.10 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 2. Fluid Properties 2.1 System, State, and Property 2.2 Looking Up Fluid Properties 2.3 Specific Gravity, Constant Density, and the Bulk Modulus 2.4 Pressure and Shear Stress 2.5 The Viscosity Equation 2.6 Surface Tension and Capillary Action 2.7 Vapor Pressure, Boiling, and Cavitation 2.8 Characterizing Thermal Energy in Flowing Gases 2.9 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 3. Fluid Statics 3.1 Describing Pressure 3.2 The Hydrostatic Equations 3.3 Measurement of Pressure 3.4 The Pressure Force on a Panel (Flat Surface) 3.5 Calculating the Pressure Force on a Curved Surface 3.6 Calculating Buoyant Forces 3.7 Predicting Stability of Immersed and Floating Bodies 3.8 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 4. Bernoulli Equation and Pressure Variation 4.1 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines 4.2 Characterizing Velocity of a Flowing Fluid 4.3 Describing Flow 4.4 Acceleration 4.5 Applying Euler’s Equation to Understand Pressure Variation 4.6 The Bernoulli Equation along a Streamline 4.7 Measuring Velocity and Pressure 4.8 Characterizing the Rotational Motion of a Flowing Fluid 4.9 The Bernoulli Equation for Irrotational Flow 4.10 Describing the Pressure Field for Flow over a Circular Cylinder 4.10 Elementary Plane potential Flows 4.11 Calculating the Pressure Field for a Rotating Flow 4.12 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 5. The Control Volume Approach and The Continuity Equation 5.1 Characterizing the Rate of Flow 5.2 The Control Volume Approach 5.3 The Continuity Equation (Theory) 5.4 The Continuity Equation (Application) 5.5 Predicting Cavitation 5.6 Summarizing Key Knowledge 6. The Momentum Equation 6.1 Understanding Newton’s Second Law of Motion 6.2 The Linear Momentum Equation: Theory 6.3 The Linear Momentum Equation: Application 6.4 The Linear Momentum Equation for a Stationary Control Volume 6.5 Examples of the Linear Momentum Equation (Moving Objects) 6.6 The Angular Momentum Equation 6.7 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 7. The Energy Equation 7.1 Technical Vocabulary: Work, Energy, and Power 7.2 Conservation of Energy 7.3 The Energy Equation 7.4 The Power Equation 7.5 Mechanical Efficiency 7.6 Contrasting the Bernoulli Equation and the Energy Equation 7.7 Transitions 7.8 The Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines 7.9 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 8. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude 8.1 The Need for Dimensional Analysis 8.2 Buckingham ∏ Theorem 8.3 Dimensional Analysis 8.4 Common π-Groups 8.5 Similitude 8.6 Model Studies for Flows without Free-Surface Effects 8.7 Model–Prototype Performance 8.8 Approximate Similitude at High Reynolds Numbers 8.9 Free-Surface Model Studies 8.10 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 9. Viscous Flow Over a Flat Surface, Drag and Lift 9.1 The Navier–Stokes Equation for Uniform Flow 9.2 Couette Flow 9.3 Poiseuille Flow in a Channel 9.4 The Boundary Layer (Description) 9.5 Velocity Profiles in the Boundary Layer 9.6 The Boundary Layer (Calculations) 9.7 Relating Lift and Drag to Stress Distributions 9.8 Calculating the Drag Force 9.9 Drag of Axisymmetric and 3-D Bodies 9.10 Terminal Velocity 9.11 Vortex Shedding 9.12 Reducing Drag by Streamlining 9.13 Drag in Compressible Flow 9.14 The Theory of Lift 9.15 Lift and Drag on Airfoils 9.16 Lift and Drag on Road Vehicles 9.17 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 10. Flow in Conduits 10.1 Classifying Flow 10.2 Specifying Pipe Sizes 10.3 Pipe Head Loss (Major and Minor losses) 10.4 Stress Distributions in Pipe Flow 10.5 Laminar Flow in a Circular Pipe 10.6 Turbulent Flow and the Moody Chart 10.7 A Strategy for Solving Problems 10.8 Combined Head Loss 10.9 Noncircular Conduits 10.10 Pumps and Systems of Pipes 10.11 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 11. Compressible Flow 11.1 Wave Propagation in Compressible Fluids 11.2 Mach Number Relationships 11.3 Normal Shock Waves 11.4 Isentropic Compressible Flow through a Duct with Varying Area 11.5 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 12. Flow Measurements 12.1 Measuring Velocity and Pressure 12.2 Measuring Flow Rate (Discharge) 12.3 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 13.Turbomachinery 13.1 Propellers 13.2 Axial-Flow Pumps 13.3 Radial-Flow Machines 13.4 Specific Speed 13.5 Suction Limitations of Pumps 13.6 Viscous Effects 13.7 Centrifugal Compressors 13.8 Positive Displacement Pumps 13.9 Turbines 13.10 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 14. Flow in Open Channels 14.1 Describing Open-Channel Flow 14.2 Energy Equation for Steady Open-Channel Flow 14.3 Steady Uniform Flow 14.4 Steady Nonuniform Flow 14.5 Rapidly Varied Flow 14.6 Hydraulic Jump 14.7 Gradually Varied Flow 14.8 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems 15. Modeling of Fluid Dynamics Problems 15.1 Models in Fluid Mechanics 15.2 Foundations for Learning Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) 15.3 The Continuity Equation 15.4 The Navier–Stokes Equation 15.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 15.6 Examples of CFD 15.7 A Path for Moving Forward 15.8 Summarizing Key Knowledge Problems Appendix Answers Index

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Book SynopsisExplore straightforward drawing skills to help you communicate product ideas exponentially faster than you could with text In Drawing Product Ideas: Fast and Easy UX Drawing for Anyone, RSA Fellow and Google Data Visualization Lead, Kent Eisenhuth delivers a new and exciting guide to effectively communicating product ideas by drawing just two simple things: boxes and lines! In the book, you'll learn why drawing is important and how it supports the design thinking process. You'll also discover how to build your drawing toolkit by exploring your own personal drawing style. The author also includes: Strategies for how to use your drawing to support your solutions to real-world problemsTips and tricks for applying your new drawing skills in a workshop setting, in real-timeAn illuminating foreword by the celebrated Manuel Lima, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts An essential volume for engineers, researchers, and product managers, Drawing Product Ideas is also an indispensable blueprint for anyone seeking to improve their public, ad-hoc drawing skills.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Introduction xv Chapter 1 Why Draw? 1 Explore an Idea 2 Gain a Shared Understanding 5 Improve Collaboration 7 Anyone Can Draw 7 Right Time and Place 10 Chapter 2 Reframing Our Thinking 15 Breaking It Down 17 Introducing the System 19 Common Drawings 23 Chapter 3 Lines and Points 33 Telling Stories with Lines 34 Making Meaning with Points 42 Tools and Materials 45 Chapter 4 Building From Rectangles 47 Creating Diagrams 48 Content Elements 55 Navigation Elements 58 Forms 65 Chapter 5 Building From Circles, Triangles, and More 81 Circular Elements 81 Triangular Elements 89 Advanced Icons and Symbols 92 Representing Interactions 98 Chapter 6 Illustrating Light, Motion, and Other Concepts 103 Shading Techniques 103 Using Accent Marks 105 Looking at Lighting 105 Using Elevation 110 Using Texture 116 Capturing Motion 119 Conveying Luminance 120 Communicating Sound 121 Chapter 7 The System 127 Putting It Together 128 Creating Something New 134 Chapter 8 Using Flows To Tell Stories 139 Starting with the Syntax 139 Showing Interactions 142 Just Enough Information 144 Depicting Transitions 145 Labels and Annotations 147 Being Conscious of Composition 150 Chapter 9 Telling Engaging Stories 157 Real-World Constraints 160 Invoking Emotion 166 Adapting the Visual Language 170 Wayfinding and Landmarks 174 Choreography and Timing 178 Packaging Your Drawings 180 Chapter 10 Moving Forward 183 Works Cited 185 Index 187

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword to the Fourth Edition xxi Introduction xix Chapter 1 Cloud Concepts, Architecture, and Design 1 Understand Cloud Computing Concepts 2 Cloud Computing Definitions 2 Cloud Computing Roles and Responsibilities 3 Key Cloud Computing Characteristics 7 Building Block Technologies 11 Describe Cloud Reference Architecture 14 Cloud Computing Activities 14 Cloud Service Capabilities 15 Cloud Service Categories 17 Cloud Deployment Models 18 Cloud Shared Considerations 21 Impact of Related Technologies 27 Understand Security Concepts Relevant to Cloud Computing 33 Cryptography and Key Management 33 Identity and Access Control 34 Data and Media Sanitization 36 Network Security 37 Virtualization Security 39 Common Threats 41 Security Hygiene 41 Understand Design Principles of Secure Cloud Computing 43 Cloud Secure Data Lifecycle 43 Cloud- Based Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan 44 Business Impact Analysis 45 Functional Security Requirements 46 Security Considerations for Different Cloud Categories 48 Cloud Design Patterns 49 DevOps Security 51 Evaluate Cloud Service Providers 51 Verification against Criteria 52 System/Subsystem Product Certifications 54 Summary 56 Chapter 2 Cloud Data Security 57 Describe Cloud Data Concepts 58 Cloud Data Lifecycle Phases 58 Data Dispersion 61 Data Flows 62 Design and Implement Cloud Data Storage Architectures 63 Storage Types 63 Threats to Storage Types 66 Design and Apply Data Security Technologies and Strategies 67 Encryption and Key Management 67 Hashing 70 Data Obfuscation 71 Tokenization 73 Data Loss Prevention 74 Keys, Secrets, and Certificates Management 77 Implement Data Discovery 78 Structured Data 79 Unstructured Data 80 Semi- structured Data 81 Data Location 82 Implement Data Classification 82 Data Classification Policies 83 Mapping 85 Labeling 86 Design and Implement Information Rights Management 87 Objectives 88 Appropriate Tools 89 Plan and Implement Data Retention, Deletion, and Archiving Policies 89 Data Retention Policies 90 Data Deletion Procedures and Mechanisms 93 Data Archiving Procedures and Mechanisms 94 Legal Hold 95 Design and Implement Auditability, Traceability, and Accountability of Data Events 96 Definition of Event Sources and Requirement of Event Attribution 97 Logging, Storage, and Analysis of Data Events 99 Chain of Custody and Nonrepudiation 100 Summary 101 Chapter 3 Cloud Platform and Infrastructure Security 103 Comprehend Cloud Infrastructure and Platform Components 104 Physical Environment 104 Network and Communications 106 Compute 107 Virtualization 108 Storage 110 Management Plane 111 Design a Secure Data Center 113 Logical Design 114 Physical Design 116 Environmental Design 117 Analyze Risks Associated with Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms 119 Risk Assessment 119 Cloud Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Attacks 122 Risk Mitigation Strategies 123 Plan and Implementation of Security Controls 124 Physical and Environmental Protection 124 System, Storage, and Communication Protection 125 Identification, Authentication, and Authorization in Cloud Environments 127 Audit Mechanisms 128 Plan Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 131 Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Strategy 131 Business Requirements 132 Creation, Implementation, and Testing of Plan 134 Summary 138 Chapter 4 Cloud Application Security 139 Advocate Training and Awareness for Application Security 140 Cloud Development Basics 140 Common Pitfalls 141 Common Cloud Vulnerabilities 142 Describe the Secure Software Development Life Cycle Process 144 NIST Secure Software Development Framework 145 OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model 145 Business Requirements 145 Phases and Methodologies 146 Apply the Secure Software Development Life Cycle 149 Cloud- Specific Risks 149 Threat Modeling 153 Avoid Common Vulnerabilities during Development 156 Secure Coding 156 Software Configuration Management and Versioning 157 Apply Cloud Software Assurance and Validation 158 Functional and Non- functional Testing 159 Security Testing Methodologies 160 Quality Assurance 164 Abuse Case Testing 164 Use Verified Secure Software 165 Securing Application Programming Interfaces 165 Supply- Chain Management 166 Third- Party Software Management 166 Validated Open- Source Software 167 Comprehend the Specifics of Cloud Application Architecture 168 Supplemental Security Components 169 Cryptography 171 Sandboxing 172 Application Virtualization and Orchestration 173 Design Appropriate Identity and Access Management Solutions 174 Federated Identity 175 Identity Providers 175 Single Sign- on 176 Multifactor Authentication 176 Cloud Access Security Broker 178 Summary 179 Chapter 5 Cloud Security Operations 181 Build and Implement Physical and Logical Infrastructure for Cloud Environment 182 Hardware- Specific Security Configuration Requirements 182 Installation and Configuration of Virtualization Management Tools 185 Virtual Hardware–Specific Security Configuration Requirements 186 Installation of Guest Operating System Virtualization Toolsets 188 Operate Physical and Logical Infrastructure for Cloud Environment 188 Configure Access Control for Local and Remote Access 188 Secure Network Configuration 190 Operating System Hardening through the Application of Baselines 195 Availability of Stand- Alone Hosts 196 Availability of Clustered Hosts 197 Availability of Guest Operating Systems 199 Manage Physical and Logical Infrastructure for Cloud Environment 200 Access Controls for Remote Access 201 Operating System Baseline Compliance Monitoring and Remediation 202 Patch Management 203 Performance and Capacity Monitoring 205 Hardware Monitoring 206 Configuration of Host and Guest Operating System Backup and Restore Functions 207 Network Security Controls 208 Management Plane 212 Implement Operational Controls and Standards 212 Change Management 213 Continuity Management 214 Information Security Management 216 Continual Service Improvement Management 217 Incident Management 218 Problem Management 221 Release Management 221 Deployment Management 222 Configuration Management 224 Service Level Management 225 Availability Management 226 Capacity Management 227 Support Digital Forensics 228 Forensic Data Collection Methodologies 228 Evidence Management 230 Collect, Acquire, and Preserve Digital Evidence 231 Manage Communication with Relevant Parties 234 Vendors 235 Customers 236 Partners 238 Regulators 238 Other Stakeholders 239 Manage Security Operations 239 Security Operations Center 240 Monitoring of Security Controls 244 Log Capture and Analysis 245 Incident Management 248 Summary 253 Chapter 6 Legal, Risk, and Compliance 255 Articulating Legal Requirements and Unique Risks within the Cloud Environment 256 Conflicting International Legislation 256 Evaluation of Legal Risks Specific to Cloud Computing 258 Legal Frameworks and Guidelines 258 eDiscovery 265 Forensics Requirements 267 Understand Privacy Issues 267 Difference between Contractual and Regulated Private Data 268 Country- Specific Legislation Related to Private Data 272 Jurisdictional Differences in Data Privacy 277 Standard Privacy Requirements 278 Privacy Impact Assessments 280 Understanding Audit Process, Methodologies, and Required Adaptations for a Cloud Environment 281 Internal and External Audit Controls 282 Impact of Audit Requirements 283 Identify Assurance Challenges of Virtualization and Cloud 284 Types of Audit Reports 285 Restrictions of Audit Scope Statements 288 Gap Analysis 289 Audit Planning 290 Internal Information Security Management System 291 Internal Information Security Controls System 292 Policies 293 Identification and Involvement of Relevant Stakeholders 296 Specialized Compliance Requirements for Highly Regulated Industries 297 Impact of Distributed Information Technology Model 298 Understand Implications of Cloud to Enterprise Risk Management 299 Assess Providers Risk Management Programs 300 Differences between Data Owner/Controller vs. Data Custodian/Processor 301 Regulatory Transparency Requirements 302 Risk Treatment 303 Risk Frameworks 304 Metrics for Risk Management 307 Assessment of Risk Environment 307 Understand Outsourcing and Cloud Contract Design 309 Business Requirements 309 Vendor Management 311 Contract Management 312 Supply Chain Management 314 Summary 316 Index 317

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Book SynopsisMuch-needed, fresh approach that brings a greater insight into the physical understanding of aerodynamics Based on the author s decades of industrial experience with Boeing, this book helps students and practicing engineers to gain a greater physical understanding of aerodynamics.Trade Review“As someone who has been involved with aerodynamics for more years than I care to remember, I have rarely come across a book that is so readable and that provides so many (to me a least) genuinely new insights into the subject and its applications. This book should be high on the wish list of any practising aerodynamicist, whether in industry or academia.” (Aeronautical Journal, 1 August 2013) “This is a sophisticated book for people immersed in the study of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics; it will give them in-depth knowledge of both the physical phenomena and the mathematical equations that are used to describe and predict these phenomena. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students in aerospace engineering, researchers/faculty, and aircraft design professionals.” (Choice, 1 July 2013) “Based on the author’s decades of industrial experience with Boeing, this book helps students and practicing engineers to gain a greater physical understanding of aerodynamics. Relying on clear physical arguments and examples, Mcleanprovides a much-needed, fresh approach to this sometimes contentious subject without shying away from addressing "real" aerodynamic situations as opposed to the oversimplified ones frequently used for mathematical convenience.” (Expofairs.com, 11 March 2013)Table of ContentsForeword xi Series Preface xiii Preface xv List of Symbols xix 1 Introduction to the Conceptual Landscape 1 2 From Elementary Particles to Aerodynamic Flows 5 3 Continuum Fluid Mechanics and the Navier-Stokes Equations 13 3.1 The Continuum Formulation and Its Range of Validity 13 3.2 Mathematical Formalism 16 3.3 Kinematics: Streamlines, Streaklines, Timelines, and Vorticity 18 3.3.1 Streamlines and Streaklines 18 3.3.2 Streamtubes, Stream Surfaces, and the Stream Function 19 3.3.3 Timelines 22 3.3.4 The Divergence of the Velocity and Green’s Theorem 23 3.3.5 Vorticity and Circulation 24 3.3.6 The Velocity Potential in Irrotational Flow 26 3.3.7 Concepts that Arise in Describing the Vorticity Field 26 3.3.8 Velocity Fields Associated with Concentrations of Vorticity 29 3.3.9 The Biot-Savart Law and the “Induction” Fallacy 31 3.4 The Equations of Motion and their Physical Meaning 33 3.4.1 Continuity of the Flow and Conservation of Mass 34 3.4.2 Forces on Fluid Parcels and Conservation of Momentum 35 3.4.3 Conservation of Energy 36 3.4.4 Constitutive Relations and Boundary Conditions 37 3.4.5 Mathematical Nature of the Equations 37 3.4.6 The Physics as Viewed in the Eulerian Frame 38 3.4.7 The Pseudo-Lagrangian Viewpoint 40 3.5 Cause and Effect, and the Problem of Prediction 40 3.6 The Effects of Viscosity 43 3.7 Turbulence, Reynolds Averaging, and Turbulence Modeling 48 3.8 Important Dynamical Relationships 55 3.8.1 Galilean Invariance, or Independence of Reference Frame 55 3.8.2 Circulation Preservation and the Persistence of Irrotationality 56 3.8.3 Behavior of Vortex Tubes in Inviscid and Viscous Flows 57 3.8.4 Bernoulli Equations and Stagnation Conditions 58 3.8.5 Crocco’s Theorem 60 3.9 Dynamic Similarity 60 3.9.1 Compressibility Effects and the Mach Number 63 3.9.2 Viscous Effects and the Reynolds Number 63 3.9.3 Scaling of Pressure Forces: the Dynamic Pressure 64 3.9.4 Consequences of Failing to Match All of the Requirements for Similarity 65 3.10 “Incompressible” Flow and Potential Flow 66 3.11 Compressible Flow and Shocks 70 3.11.1 Steady 1D Isentropic Flow Theory 71 3.11.2 Relations for Normal and Oblique Shock Waves 74 4 Boundary Layers 79 4.1 Physical Aspects of Boundary-Layer Flows 80 4.1.1 The Basic Sequence: Attachment, Transition, Separation 80 4.1.2 General Development of the Boundary-Layer Flowfield 82 4.1.3 Boundary-Layer Displacement Effect 90 4.1.4 Separation from a Smooth Wall 93 4.2 Boundary-Layer Theory 99 4.2.1 The Boundary-Layer Equations 100 4.2.2 Integrated Momentum Balance in a Boundary Layer 108 4.2.3 The Displacement Effect and Matching with the Outer Flow 110 4.2.4 The Vorticity “Budget” in a 2D Incompressible Boundary Layer 113 4.2.5 Situations That Violate the Assumptions of Boundary-Layer Theory 114 4.2.6 Summary of Lessons from Boundary-Layer Theory 117 4.3 Flat-Plate Boundary Layers and Other Simplified Cases 117 4.3.1 Flat-Plate Flow 117 4.3.2 2D Boundary-Layer Flows with Similarity 121 4.3.3 Axisymmetric Flow 123 4.3.4 Plane-of-Symmetry and Attachment-Line Boundary Layers 125 4.3.5 Simplifying the Effects of Sweep and Taper in 3D 128 4.4 Transition and Turbulence 130 4.4.1 Boundary-Layer Transition 131 4.4.2 Turbulent Boundary Layers 138 4.5 Control and Prevention of Flow Separation 150 4.5.1 Body Shaping and Pressure Distribution 150 4.5.2 Vortex Generators 150 4.5.3 Steady Tangential Blowing through a Slot 155 4.5.4 Active Unsteady Blowing 157 4.5.5 Suction 157 4.6 Heat Transfer and Compressibility 158 4.6.1 Heat Transfer, Compressibility, and the Boundary-Layer Temperature Field 158 4.6.2 The Thermal Energy Equation and the Prandtl Number 159 4.6.3 The Wall Temperature and Other Relations for an Adiabatic Wall 159 4.7 Effects of Surface Roughness 162 5 General Features of Flows around Bodies 163 5.1 The Obstacle Effect 164 5.2 Basic Topology of Flow Attachment and Separation 168 5.2.1 Attachment and Separation in 2D 169 5.2.2 Attachment and Separation in 3D 171 5.2.3 Streamline Topology on Surfaces and in Cross Sections 176 5.3 Wakes 186 5.4 Integrated Forces: Lift and Drag 189 6 Drag and Propulsion 191 6.1 Basic Physics and Flowfield Manifestations of Drag and Thrust 192 6.1.1 Basic Physical Effects of Viscosity 193 6.1.2 The Role of Turbulence 193 6.1.3 Direct and Indirect Contributions to the Drag Force on the Body 194 6.1.4 Determining Drag from the Flowfield: Application of Conservation Laws 196 6.1.5 Examples of Flowfield Manifestations of Drag in Simple 2D Flows 204 6.1.6 Pressure Drag of Streamlined and Bluff Bodies 207 6.1.7 Questionable Drag Categories: Parasite Drag, Base Drag, and Slot Drag 210 6.1.8 Effects of Distributed Surface Roughness on Turbulent Skin Friction 212 6.1.9 Interference Drag 222 6.1.10 Some Basic Physics of Propulsion 225 6.2 Drag Estimation 241 6.2.1 Empirical Correlations 242 6.2.2 Effects of Surface Roughness on Turbulent Skin Friction 243 6.2.3 CFD Prediction of Drag 250 6.3 Drag Reduction 250 6.3.1 Reducing Drag by Maintaining a Run of Laminar Flow 251 6.3.2 Reduction of Turbulent Skin Friction 251 7 Lift and Airfoils in 2D at Subsonic Speeds 259 7.1 Mathematical Prediction of Lift in 2D 260 7.2 Lift in Terms of Circulation and Bound Vorticity 265 7.2.1 The Classical Argument for the Origin of the Bound Vorticity 267 7.3 Physical Explanations of Lift in 2D 269 7.3.1 Past Explanations and their Strengths and Weaknesses 269 7.3.2 Desired Attributes of a More Satisfactory Explanation 284 7.3.3 A Basic Explanation of Lift on an Airfoil, Accessible to a Nontechnical Audience 286 7.3.4 More Physical Details on Lift in 2D, for the Technically Inclined 302 7.4 Airfoils 307 7.4.1 Pressure Distributions and Integrated Forces at Low Mach Numbers 307 7.4.2 Profile Drag and the Drag Polar 316 7.4.3 Maximum Lift and Boundary-Layer Separation on Single-Element Airfoils 319 7.4.4 Multielement Airfoils and the Slot Effect 329 7.4.5 Cascades 335 7.4.6 Low-Drag Airfoils with Laminar Flow 338 7.4.7 Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoils 341 7.4.8 Airfoils in Transonic Flow 342 7.4.9 Airfoils in Ground Effect 350 7.4.10 Airfoil Design 352 7.4.11 Issues that Arise in Defining Airfoil Shapes 354 8 Lift and Wings in 3D at Subsonic Speeds 359 8.1 The Flowfield around a 3D Wing 359 8.1.1 General Characteristics of the Velocity Field 359 8.1.2 The Vortex Wake 362 8.1.3 The Pressure Field around a 3D Wing 371 8.1.4 Explanations for the Flowfield 371 8.1.5 Vortex Shedding from Edges Other Than the Trailing Edge 375 8.2 Distribution of Lift on a 3D Wing 376 8.2.1 Basic and Additional Spanloads 376 8.2.2 Linearized Lifting-Surface Theory 379 8.2.3 Lifting-Line Theory 380 8.2.4 3D Lift in Ground Effect 382 8.2.5 Maximum Lift, as Limited by 3D Effects 384 8.3 Induced Drag 385 8.3.1 Basic Scaling of Induced Drag 385 8.3.2 Induced Drag from a Farfield Momentum Balance 386 8.3.3 Induced Drag in Terms of Kinetic Energy and an Idealized Rolled-Up Vortex Wake 389 8.3.4 Induced Drag from the Loading on the Wing Itself: Trefftz-Plane Theory 391 8.3.5 Ideal (Minimum) Induced-Drag Theory 394 8.3.6 Span-Efficiency Factors 396 8.3.7 The Induced-Drag Polar 397 8.3.8 The Sin-Series Spanloads 398 8.3.9 The Reduction of Induced Drag in Ground Effect 401 8.3.10 The Effect of a Fuselage on Induced Drag 402 8.3.11 Effects of a Canard or Aft Tail on Induced Drag 404 8.3.12 Biplane Drag 409 8.4 Wingtip Devices 411 8.4.1 Myths Regarding the Vortex Wake, and Some Questionable Ideas for Wingtip Devices 411 8.4.2 The Facts of Life Regarding Induced Drag and Induced-Drag Reduction 414 8.4.3 Milestones in the Development of Theory and Practice 420 8.4.4 Wingtip Device Concepts 422 8.4.5 Effectiveness of Various Device Configurations 423 8.5 Manifestations of Lift in the Atmosphere at Large 427 8.5.1 The Net Vertical Momentum Imparted to the Atmosphere 427 8.5.2 The Pressure Far above and below the Airplane 429 8.5.3 Downwash in the Trefftz Plane and Other Momentum-Conservation Issues 431 8.5.4 Sears’s Incorrect Analysis of the Integrated Pressure Far Downstream 435 8.5.5 The Real Flowfield Far Downstream of the Airplane 436 8.6 Effects of Wing Sweep 444 8.6.1 Simple Sweep Theory 444 8.6.2 Boundary Layers on Swept Wings 449 8.6.3 Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction on Swept Wings 464 8.6.4 Laminar-to-Turbulent Transition on Swept Wings 465 8.6.5 Relating a Swept, Tapered Wing to a 2D Airfoil 468 8.6.6 Tailoring of the Inboard Part of a Swept Wing 469 9 Theoretical Idealizations Revisited 471 9.1 Approximations Grouped According to how the Equations were Modified 471 9.1.1 Reduced Temporal and/or Spatial Resolution 472 9.1.2 Simplified Theories Based on Neglecting Something Small 472 9.1.3 Reductions in Dimensions 472 9.1.4 Simplified Theories Based on Ad hoc Flow Models 472 9.1.5 Qualitative Anomalies and Other Consequences of Approximations 481 9.2 Some Tools of MFD (Mental Fluid Dynamics) 482 9.2.1 Simple Conceptual Models for Thinking about Velocity Fields 482 9.2.2 Thinking about Viscous and Shock Drag 485 9.2.3 Thinking about Induced Drag 486 9.2.4 A Catalog of Fallacies 487 10 Modeling Aerodynamic Flows in Computational Fluid Dynamics 491 10.1 Basic Definitions 493 10.2 The Major Classes of CFD Codes and Their Applications 493 10.2.1 Navier-Stokes Methods 493 10.2.2 Coupled Viscous/Inviscid Methods 497 10.2.3 Inviscid Methods 498 10.2.4 Standalone Boundary-Layer Codes 501 10.3 Basic Characteristics of Numerical Solution Schemes 501 10.3.1 Discretization 501 10.3.2 Spatial Field Grids 502 10.3.3 Grid Resolution and Grid Convergence 506 10.3.4 Solving the Equations, and Iterative Convergence 507 10.4 Physical Modeling in CFD 508 10.4.1 Compressibility and Shocks 508 10.4.2 Viscous Effects and Turbulence 510 10.4.3 Separated Shear Layers and Vortex Wakes 511 10.4.4 The Farfield 513 10.4.5 Predicting Drag 514 10.4.6 Propulsion Effects 515 10.5 CFD Validation? 515 10.6 Integrated Forces and the Components of Drag 516 10.7 Solution Visualization 517 10.8 Things a User Should Know about a CFD Code before Running it 524 References 527 Index 539

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Book Synopsis"Nobody captures the magic of sail or conveys the lessons of seamanship like Tom. He's one of sailing's great raconteurs. " David Glenn, Editor, Yachting World. Tom Cunliffe, star of BBC TV's The Boats That Built Britain , is also Britain's leading sailing writer.Trade Review'Nobody captures the magic of sail or conveys the lessons of seamanship like Tom. He's one of sailing's great raconteurs.' DAVID GLENN, EDITOR, YACHTING WORLD, 'Each piece has its merits, each is a wonderful mix of entertainment, humour and outspoken wisdoms as Tom delves into the endless fund of stories on a huge variety of boating-related subjects. By the book's end I felt I'd got to know the man better. Most certainly he is very, very talented both as a sailor and scribe.' (Sailing Magazine, December 2015)Table of ContentsForeword. Introduction. Holy cow! Passing it on. Uncharted territory. On watch for eddies. Cunliffe's law of diminishing returns. Together in the end. Jonah and the wave. Lessons learnt from a puffin. In the drink. Here's hoping. Glad to be trad. Fight for the Wight. Join the club. The clock is ticking. Life is looking up. Good, becoming poor. Winged wonders. Good, bad, or just unlucky? The sacred sound of silence. Testing times. Always read the label. Where's Wallander? Weather or not. Wrestling the python of modernity. Touching the bottom. Dead cert. Spring fever. Strike a light. Russian away from freedom. All suggestions welcome. Spirits of the sea. Skipping with joy. The ability for stability. Sheer delight. The big bang. A wise investment? Centenary celebrations. Under pressure. Trials and tribulations. Troublesome seagulls. Skip it skipper. Feeling the pinch. Reckoning with doubt. For your comfort and safety. Grief relief. Put your money away. Going sideways fast. A life of luxury? Don't neglect your bottom. What a stitch up! Don't read all about it. Owning or bemoaning? Fail safe. Fearing for steering. Eastern delights. Turning on technology. A break in the weather. Signs of the times. If in drought... The perfect platform. Don't forget your old friends. Music to my ears. Size matters. The power and the glory. Sailing through red tape. Resisting the rising tide. The right sort of customs. Too much of a good thing? A thousand miles from land. When plastic's not fantastic. No cause for alarm. The boating backbone of Britain. Cheap and cheerful around the world. Hearing voices. The plastic revolution. Clearing the pipes. The pierhead jumper.

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Book SynopsisThe author is known for his extremely clear, finely crafted text, and the book offers a wealth of excellent worked examples.This text is designed to be useful, at all levels, to students and practitioners of architecture, construction studies, building services, surveying, and environmental science.Table of ContentsPART I: CORE TOPICS The Environment Energy Use in Buildings Thermal Effects in Buildings Air Control in Buildings Principles of Lighting Artificial Lighting Natural Lighting Aspects of Sound Noise and Sound Insulation Room Acoustics Electricity Supplies Water Supplies Waste Water Green Buildings PART II: RESOURCES SECTION Resource 1: Science Information Resource 2: Principles of Heat Resource 3: Principles of Light and Sound Resource 4: Principles of Electricity Resource 5: Principles of Water Technology Resource 6: References.

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1998. The GARF Assessment Sourcebook is a comprehensive guide to the Global Assessment of Relational Functioning (GARF) scale for family assessment. This comprehensive guide to the GARF is an essential tool for practicing professionals as well as students in training programs. It provides a thorough description of each element of the GARF, a comprehensive review of the GARF in relation to other marriage and family assessment tools, summaries of GARF research, and a comprehensive appendix of reproducible GARF-related forms.The GARF Assessment Sourcebook challenges marriage and family therapists to use, evaluate, and refine the GARF so that it may be included in the main portion of the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). As managed care becomes more pervasive and providers start giving more direction over treatment options, the GARF will become an important new tool in family mental health treatment to assist clinicTable of ContentsPART I. Introduction: A Multi-Systems Approach. Purpose and reader's guide. Marriage and family therapy. Futuristic partnering with systemic business principles. PART II. Defining The GARF. Historical Development. Collecting and Analyzing GARF Data. PART III. Systemic Assessment Tools. Assessment in the clinical intervention process. Assessment in the therapeutic process MFT models distinguished. Value added. Skills summary for clinicians. PART IV. Putting GARF Assessment Into Clinical Context. Rating the Initial Session GARFs. The GARF as an Outcome and Process Instrument. GARF Self-Report Instrument as a Process Outcome Tool. Other applications of GARF as an Outcome Process Tool. Expanded Case Example. Ethical Guidelines. PART V. Comparison With Other Family Assessment Tools. Foundations for the GARF. Newly Developed Related Assessment Tools. Clinical Interview Assessment Tools. PART VI. GARF In Multi-systems Partnering. Meeting the needs of stakeholders. Applying usiness principles to clinical practice. Establishing a record system for outcome data. Future challenges for GARF users PART VII. Appendices. Systemic MFT Skill Development Scale. GARF Training & Record Keeping Tools. Developed GARF Tools. SAFE. Record Keeping Forms Including GARF Ratings. Clinic/Research Forms Not Including GARF Ratings. PART VIII. References. PART IX. Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis highly-readable account of the nature of the hazards presented by ionizing radiation and the methods of protection is an ideal introductory text for those new to the field, and for the non-specialist. The seventh edition continues to cover the technical principles underlying the control of radiation hazards, radiation detection and measurement and the biological effects of radiation, followed by a consideration of industry-specific radiation protection issues. Further specialised topics include risk assessment, waste management and decommissioning, radiological emergencies, relevant legislation and organizational issues and, new to this edition, environmental radiation protection.Table of ContentsThe structure of matter. Radioactivity and radiation. Radiation units. Biological effects of radiation. Natural and man-made radiation. The system of radiological protection. Radiation detection and measurement. The external radiation hazard. The internal radiation hazard. The principles of risk assessment. Practical health physics techniques. Legislation and regulations related to radiation protection. Radiation protection in the nuclear industry. Radioactive waste and the decommissioning of radioactive facilities. Radiation protection in the non-nuclear industry. Radiation protection in medicine. Radiological incidents and emergencies. The organisation and administration of radiation protection services.

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Book SynopsisThe Architecture of Ruins: Designs on the Past, Present and Future identifies an alternative and significant history of architecture from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first century, in which a building is designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin. This design practice conceives a monument and a ruin as creative, interdependent and simultaneous themes within a single building dialectic, addressing temporal and environmental questions in poetic, psychological and practical terms, and stimulating questions of personal and national identity, nature and culture, weather and climate, permanence and impermanence and life and death. Conceiving a building as a dialogue between a monument and a ruin intensifies the already blurred relations between the unfinished and the ruined and envisages the past, the present and the future in a single architecture.Structured around a collection of biographies, this book conceives a monument and a ruin as metaphors for a life and means to negotiate between a self and a society. Emphasising the interconnections between designers and the particular ways in which later architects learned from earlier ones, the chapters investigate an evolving, interdisciplinary design practice to show the relevance of historical understanding to design. Like a history, a design is a reinterpretation of the past that is meaningful to the present. Equally, a design is equivalent to a fiction, convincing users to suspend disbelief. We expect a history or a novel to be written in words, but they can also be delineated in drawing, cast in concrete or seeded in soil. The architect is a âphysical novelistâ as well as a âphysical historianâ. Like building sites, ruins are full of potential. In revealing not only what is lost, but also what is incomplete, a ruin suggests the future as well as the past. As a stimulus to the imagination, a ruinâs incomplete and broken forms expand architectureâs allegorical and metaphorical capacity, indicating that a building can remain unfinished, literally and in the imagination, focusing attention on the creativity of users as well as architects. Emphasising the symbiotic relations between nature and culture, a building designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin acknowledges the coproduction of multiple authors, whether human, non-human or atmospheric, and is an appropriate model for architecture in an era of increasing climate change.Table of ContentsList of FiguresAcknowledgements IntroductionChapter 1 Monuments to RomeChapter 2 The First ‘Ruins’Chapter 3 Architecture in RuinsChapter 4 Speaking RuinsChapter 5 Ruin and RotundaChapter 6 Life in RuinsChapter 7 Wrapping Ruins Around BuildingsChapter 8 Nations in RuinsConclusion A Monument to a RuinBibliography

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Book SynopsisUsing time-to-event analysis methodology requires careful definition of the event, censored observation, provision of adequate follow-up, number of events, and independence or noninformativeness of the censoring mechanisms relative to the event. Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials with Time-to-Event Endpoints provides a thorough presentation of the design, monitoring, analysis, and interpretation of clinical trials in which time-to-event is of critical interest.After reviewing time-to-event endpoint methodology, clinical trial issues, and the design and monitoring of clinical trials, the book focuses on inferential analysis methods, including parametric, semiparametric, categorical, and Bayesian methods; an alternative to the Cox model for small samples; and estimation and testing for change in hazard. It then presents descriptive and graphical methods useful in the analysis of time-to-event endpoints. The next several chapters explore a variety of Trade Review… One of the strengths of the book is the collection, discussion and illustration of the many diverse time-to-event problems that may occur in practice. … this publication provides a comprehensive overview of classical and emerging ideas in the analysis of time-to-event problems. Written by experts in their area, the book has a wealth of references in each topic should the reader wish to learn about or extend their understanding of individual concepts or analysis methods. It is a worthwhile book to have in the library for anyone working in designing, conducting, analysing or interpreting studies with time-to-event outcomes.—Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 2011Table of ContentsOverview of Time-to-Event Endpoint Methodology. Design (and Monitoring) of Clinical Trials with Time-to-Event Endpoints. Overview of Time-to-Event Parametric Methods. Overview of Semiparametric Inferential Methods for Time-to-Event Endpoints. Overview of Inferential Methods for Categorical Time-to-Event Data. Overview of Bayesian Inferential Methods Including Time-to-Event Endpoints. An Efficient Alternative to the Cox Model for Small Time-to-Event Trials. Estimation and Testing for Change in Hazard for Time-to-Event Endpoints. Overview of Descriptive and Graphical Methods for Time-to-Event Data. Design and Analysis of Analgesic Trials. Design and Analysis of Analgesic Trials with Paired Time-to-Event Endpoints. Time-to-Event Endpoint Methods in Antibiotic Trials. Design and Analysis of Cardiovascular Prevention Trials. Design and Analysis of Antiviral Trials. Cure Rate Models with Applications to Melanoma and Prostate Cancer Data. Parametric Likelihoods for Multiple Nonfatal Competing Risks and Death, with Application to Cancer Data. Design, Summarization, Analysis, and Interpretation of Cancer Prevention Trials. LASSO Method in Variable Selection for Right-Censored Time-to-Event Data with Application to Astrocytoma Brain Tumor and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Selecting Optimal Treatments Based on Predictive Factors. Application of Time-to-Event Methods in the Assessment of Safety in Clinical Trials. Design and Analysis of Chronic Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals in Rodents. Design and Analysis of Time-to-Tumor Response in Animal Studies: A Bayesian Perspective. Index.

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Book SynopsisEvery engineer must eventually face their first daunting design project. Scheduling, organization, budgeting, prototyping: all can be overwhelming in the short time given to complete the project. While there are resources available on project management and the design process, many are focused too narrowly on specific topics or areas of engineering. Practical Engineering Design presents a complete overview of the design project and beyond for any engineering discipline, including sections on how to protect intellectual property rights and suggestions for turning the project into a business.An outgrowth of the editors'' broad experience teaching the capstone Engineering Design course, Practical Engineering Design reflects the most pressing and often-repeated questions with a set of guidelines for the entire process. The editors present two sample project reports and presentations in the appendix and refer to them throughout the book, using examples and critiques to demonstrate sTable of ContentsThe Design Process. Ethics and the Social Impacts of Design Projects. Project Management. Teamwork. Are We in Business Yet? Documenting Your Design Project. Presenting Your Design Project. Intellectual Property. Planning Your Business. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis popular guide provides an understanding of basic design criteria and calculations, along with current inspection and testing requirements and explains how to meet the requirements of the IET Wiring Regulations. The book explains in clear language those parts of the regulations that most need simplifying. There are common misconceptions regarding bonding, voltages, disconnection times and sizes of earthing conductors. This book clarifies the requirements and outlines the correct procedures to follow.This provides an affordable reference for all electrical contractors, technicians and other workers involved in designing and testing electrical installations. The content covers the requirements for both City & Guilds and EAL courses, and contains sample exam questions and answers. It also makes an ideal revision guide. Fully up to date with the 18th Edition of IET Wiring Regulations. Simplifies the advice found in the Wiring Regulations, explTable of ContentsDesign. Inspection Testing. Special Locations IET Regulations Part 7. Appendices: BS 7671 Appendices. Sample Questions. Suggested Solutions to Sample Questions. MIMS and SWA CPC sizes and corrected Zs values.

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Book SynopsisCovers the three mandatory units of the EAL Level 2 Diploma in Engineering and Technology Each compulsory unit is covered in detail with activities, practice exercises and examples where relevant Review questions are provided at the end of each chapter and a sample multiple-choice examination paper is included at the end of the book Contains expert advice that has been written in collaboration with EAL to ensure that it covers what learners need to know Answers to selected questions in the book, together with other supporting resources, can be found at the book's companion website. Numerical answers are provided in the book itself. Written specifically for the EAL Level 2 Diploma in Engineering and Technology, this book covers the three mandatory units on this course: Engineering Environment Awareness, Engineering Techniques, and Engineering Principles. Within each unit, the Learning Outcomes are covered in detailTrade ReviewGary Appleton, EAL engineering assessor (non-teaching role):A good, clear and constructive publication, detailing the engineering mathematics and science principles that provides the learner with a good level of reference whilst engaging with a good range of tasks to verify the learning outcomes.Nothing negative to say, the level is aimed at level 2 with sufficient detail.Topics referenced that should be added as case studies even if not covered in the syllabus: lean manufacturing principles and maintenance engineering technology.Steve McGurk, engineering tutor/assessor at Cornwall Marine Network:Good use of practical examples such as Low Voltage Power Supply and "test your knowledge" activities require comprehension.Too much detail in some sections and incorrect figure references in text (note that the sample material is from another book and will have quite a lot of material taken out as well as the language level lowering).Topics referenced that should be added as case studies even if not covered in the syllabus:Composite Materials – Properties/Applications/Processes3D Printing- Types of media/ApplicationsTable of ContentsPreface Unit 1 Engineering Environmental Awareness 1. Health and Safety Legislation and Regulations 2. Roles and responsibilities 3. The engineering environment Unit 2 Engineering Techniques 4. Engineering Communication 5. Engineering Application of IT and ICT 6. Tools and Techniques 7. Measurements and marking out Unit 3 Engineering Mathematics and Science 8. Engineering Materials 9. Materials Properties and Heat Treatment Processes 10. Numeracy 11. Engineering Science Appendix 1: Sample Assessment Appendix 2: Using the Casio fx-83GT Calculator Appendix 3: Convesion Table: Inches to mm Appendix 4: Answers to Test your Knowledge questions Index

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Book SynopsisThe refurbishment of existing buildings is a crucial yet often neglected subject within sustainable architecture; attention is usually focused on new buildings. Many old buildings waste large amounts of energy and provide poor internal conditions for occupants through poor lighting, poor ventilation, solar penetration and glare, and poor control of heating and cooling. Demolition is an option but the refurbishment alternative is increasingly seen as more sustainable in terms of architectural value, materials use, neighbourhood disruption and waste disposal. In addition, the potential impact of low energy refurbishment is much greater than that for new build since there are many more buildings already in existence than will be built in the next 10 - 20 years, the period over which many CO2 emission targets apply. The Handbook of Sustainable Refurbishment: Non-Domestic Buildings offers architects, engineers and a wide range of building professionals practical advice, illustrated by realTrade Review'An incisive book that provides practical strategies and tactics for sustainable refurbishment, literally from the ground up. Richly illustrated with informative diagrams, supported by accessible quantitative analysis, and reinforced by detailed case study examples, this book is a triumph.' Koen Steemers PhD RIBA/ARB, Professor of Sustainable Design and Head of the Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge 'Nick Baker tackles head on what many eminent scientists in Cambridge regard as most pressing contemporary problems, the sustainable refurbishment of the existing building stock, much of which is going to be with us still in 2050. Dr. Baker delivers his profound understanding of these difficult issues in a wholly intelligible and compelling way. I cannot commend this book to my profession and its patrons highly enough.' Professor Alan Short, University of Cambridge and Short and Associates Architects 'Definitely worth reading, learning from and implementing the practical experience of the REVIVAL team.' Building Engineer Magazine 'Innovative ideas for improvements, which may become increasingly necessary in the coming years ... a challenging and interesting read, providing complex technical solutions to issues which require a full understanding of building pathology.' Context Journal, Institute of Historic Building Conservation 'Challenging and interesting read.' Context, IHBC 'The Hanbook of Sustainable Refurbishment offers practical advice illustrated by real examples'. DETAIL Magazine 'A very useful introduction to the subject ... appropriate for younger professionals and also for their more experienced colleagues who may be contemplating undertaking sustainable refurbishment for the first time.' Proceedings of the Institute of Civil EngineersTable of ContentsPart I 1: Strategies for sustainable refurbishment. Part II 2: Floors 3: Walls 4: Roofs 5: Windows 6: Atria and Double Skins 7: Mechanical Plant and Controls 8: Renewable Energy Options Part III: Case Studies 9. The Albatros, Den Hedler, Nedtherlands 10. Lycee Chevrollier, Angers, France 11. Daneshill House, Stevenage, UK 12. Ministry of Finance Offices, Athens 13. The Meyer Hospital, Florence, Italy

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Tough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time? Textbook too Pricey?Fortunately, thereâs Schaumâs. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaumâs to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaumâs is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. Schaumâs Outline of Signals and Systems, Fourth Edition is packed hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This updated guide approaches the subject in a more concise, ordered manneTable of ContentsPreface to The Second Edition Preface to The First Edition To the Student Contents Chapter 1. Signals and Systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Signals and Classification of Signals 1.3 Basic Continuous-Time Signals 1.4 Basic Discrete-Time Signals 1.5 Systems and Classification of Systems Solved Problems Chapter 2. Linear Time-Invariant Systems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Response of a Continuous-Time LTI System and the Convolution Integral 2.3 Properties of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 2.4 Eigenfunctions of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 2.5 Systems Described by Differential Equations 2.6 Response of a Discrete-Time LTI System and Convolution Sum 2.7 Properties of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 2.8 Eigenfunctions of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 2.9 Systems Described by Difference Equations Solved Problems Chapter 3. Laplace Transform and Continuous-Time LTI Systems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Laplace Transform 3.3 Laplace Transforms of Some Common Signals 3.4 Properties of the Laplace Transform 3.5 The Inverse Laplace Transform 3.6 The System Function 3.7 The Unilateral Laplace Transform Solved Problems Chapter 4. The z-Transform and Discrete-Time LTI Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The z-Transform 4.3 z-Transforms of Some Common Sequences 4.4 Properties of the z-Transform 4.5 The Inverse z-Transform 4.6 The System Function of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 4.7 The Unilateral z-Transform Solved Problems Chapter 5. Fourier Analysis of Continuous-Time Signals and Systems 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals 5.3 The Fourier Transform 5.4 Properties of the Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 5.5 The Frequency Response of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 5.6 Filtering 5.7 Bandwidth Solved Problems Chapter 6. Fourier Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals and Systems 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Discrete Fourier Series 6.3 The Fourier Transform 6.4 Properties of the Fourier Transform 6.5 The Frequency Response of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 6.6 System Response to Sampled Continuous-Time Sinusoids 6.7 Simulation 6.8 The Discrete Fourier Transform Solved Problems Chapter 7. State Space Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Concept of State 7.3 State Space Representation of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 7.4 State Space Representation of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 7.5 Solutions of State Equations for Discrete-Time LTI Systems 7.6 Solutions of State Equations for Continuous-Time LTI Systems Solved Problems Chapter 8. Random Signals 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Random Processes 8.3 Statistics of Random Processes 8.4 Gaussian Random Process Solved Problems Chapter 9. Power Spectral Density and Random Signals in Linear System 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Correlations and Power Spectral Densities 9.3 White Noise 9.4 Response of Linear System to Random Input Solved Problems Appendix A. Review of Matrix Theory A.1 Matrix Notation and Operations A.2 Transpose and Inverse A.3 Linear Independence and Rank A.4 Determinants A.5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors A.6 Diagonalization and Similarity Transformation A.7 Functions of a Matrix A.8 Differentiation and Integration of Matrices Appendix B. Review of Probability B.1 Probability B.2 Random Variables B.3 Two-Dimensional Random Variables B.4 Functions of Random Variables B.5 Statistical Averages Appendix C. Properties of Linear Time-Invariant Systems and Various Transforms C.1 Continuous-Time LTI Systems C.2 The Laplace Transform C.3 The Fourier Transform C.4 Discrete-Time LTI Systems C.5 The z-Transform C.6 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform C.7 The Discrete Fourier Transform C.8 Fourier Series C.9 Discrete Fourier Series Appendix D. Review of Complex Numbers D.1 Representation of Complex Numbers D.2 Addition, Multiplication, and Division D.3 The Complex Conjugate D.4 Powers and Roots of Complex Numbers Appendix E. Useful Mathematical Formulas E.1 Summation Formulas E.2 Euler’s Formulas E.3 Trigonometric Identities E.4 Power Series Expansions E.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions E.6 Some Definite Integrals Schaum’s Signals and Systems Videos Schaum’s Signals and Systems MATLAB Videos MATLAB Prints for Online Videos Index

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Book SynopsisThe response to the first three editions of Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective, from students, faculty, and practicing professionals has been overwhelmingly favorable. Therefore, this new edition preserves much of this successful content while adding important new components. It preserves the author's informal writing style that talks to the reader, that gains the readers' interest, and makes the study of compressible flow an enjoyable experience. Moreover, it blends the classical nature of the subject with modern aspects of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and high temperature gas dynamics so important to modern applications of compressible flow. In short, this book is a unique teaching and learning experience.Table of Contents1 Compressible Flow - Some History and Introductory Thoughts 2 Integral Forms of the Conservation Equations for Inviscid Flows 3 One-Dimensional Flow 4 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves 5 Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow 6 Differential Conservation Equations for Inviscid Flows 7 Unsteady Wave Motion 8 General Conservation Equations Revisited: Velocity Potential Equation 9 Linearized Flow 10 Conical Flow 11 Numerical Techniques for Steady Supersonic Flow 12 The Time-Marching Technique: With Application to Supersonic Blunt Bodies and Nozzles 13 Three-Dimensional Flow 14 Transonic Flow 15 Hypersonic Flow 16 Properties of High-Temperature Gases 17 High-Temperature Flows: Basic Examples Appendix A Appendix B An Illustration and Exercise of Computational Fluid DynamicsAppendix C Oblique Shock Properties: y = 1.4

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