Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses current research in the study of sustainable petroleum operations. Topics discussed include greening of petroleum operations; a novel environmental risk management model for petroleum operations; an approach for conflict resolution in oil and gas operations; technological analysis and quantitative assessment of oil and gas development and air pollution and carbon assessment framework for oil and gas developments.

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Book SynopsisPetroleum engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Subsurface activities are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, which are the activities of finding and producing hydrocarbons. This book presents current research in the study of sustainable petroleum engineering including topics such as optimisation techniques in groundwater monitoring network design for petroleum contaminant detection; a relation-analysis-based approach for assessing risks of petroleum-contaminated sites and an improved model for predicting formation damage induced by oilfield scales.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including recent research in thermoelectric power generation; thermal energy and sustainable development in the Sudan; nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for Li-Ion batteries; resonant wireless power transmission; energy reduction in the building sector and power transmission over optical fibres.

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Book SynopsisScalability has been given many different definitions, depending upon the background of the person defining it, the technology being considered, and the operational use of the technology. Typically, when interface designers talk about scalable interfaces they are referring to a design that ensures that development takes into account the requirement to change over time. Without this type of scalability, interface designs require a complete renovation when a small change is needed in the application. This book examines the process of scaling robotic controls and displays for army soldiers.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the phase behavior of polymers. The authors present topical research in this field. Topics discussed include the phase behavior of PVP as compared with that of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam); the applicability of lattice cluster theory to the calculation of miscibility; Raman study of the pressure and temperature induced transformations in crystalline polymers of C60; polymer phase behavior in nanocomposites; phase inverting polymer systems in drug delivery medicine and the correlation between stereochemistry and phase behavior.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents recent developments and advances regarding the design, applications and performances of analog circuits. The first part focuses on analog design automation and application of symbolic analysis, design issues for the future devices and circuits using silicon-germanium (SiGe), Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs), and approximation in analog signal processing circuit design. The second part examines the application of transconductance amplifiers and realizations by applying the nodal admittance matrix technique, the automatic synthesis of current-feedback operational amplifiers and their applications to chaos-based secure communications, and application of amplifiers for the realisation of an analogue CMOS morphological edge detector for gray-scale images.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields focusing on the environment, including current research data on corporate environmental reporting and disclosure; effects of the fungicide and biocide dichlofluanid on living organisms; levels and trends of organochlorine pesticides; rhetoric construction of environmental values in business; diversity of fungi on submerged leaf and woody litter; water quality and sustainable development; identifying sources of fecal pollution in water with antibiotic resistance patterns and antimicrobial treatments of mold and bacteria.

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Book SynopsisFood chains are representations of the predator-prey relationships between species within an ecosystem or habitat. Organisms in a food chain are grouped into trophic levels, based on how many links they are removed from the primary producers. In this book, the authors present current research across a broad spectrum in the study of food chains, including ciguatera shellfish poisoning; survival domain of the top-predator in lattice ecosystems; the Azorean cheesemaking food chain; trophic interactions on Holocene ostracod population and arsenic exposure through the food chain.

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Book SynopsisOver the past five years, the Department of Energy''s Office of Basic Energy Sciences has engaged thousands of scientists around the world to study the current status, limiting factors and specific fundamental scientific bottlenecks blocking the widespread implementation of alternate energy technologies. From these efforts, it becomes clear that the magnitude of the challenge is so immense that existing approaches will not be enough to secure our energy future. Instead, meeting the challenge will require fundamental understanding and scientific breakthroughs in new materials and chemical processes to make possible new energy technologies and performance levels far beyond what is now possible. This book discusses and identifies strategic goals for which transformational scientific breakthroughs are urgently being researched for tomorrow''s energy needs.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the types, standard and problems of ventilation. Topics discussed include non-conventional energy systems in building design; industrial ventilation systems; pulmonary ventilators as monitoring instruments; influence of the ventilation rate on radon and thoron progeny concentrations in a room; acoustic filters in a power system; RANS and LES turbulence models for indoor airflows and wind towers as natural ventilation devices

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Book SynopsisHazardous materials are any substance which have the potential to cause harm to humans, animals or the environment through direct or indirect interaction. In this book, the authors gather topical research in the study of the types, risks and control of hazardous materials, from across the globe. Topics discussed include antibiotics as environmental contaminants; controlling inorganic and organic contaminants in wastewater; hazardous metal sources and toxicity; surfactant removal in wastewater treatment; fly ash management; a chemical study of sewage sludge from a two phase anaerobic digestion plant and the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds at moderate temperatures.

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Book SynopsisA clean, secure, safe and affordable energy future is among the pre-eminent challenges facing the United States, and a major acceleration is needed in the pace of energy technology innovation, invention, translation, adoption and diffusion. The U.S. must be at the forefront of energy technology innovation over the next decade for reasons of economic competitiveness, environment and security. Meeting this challenge will require extraordinary actions at the Federal level, in concert with the private sector that owns and operates the vast majority of the energy supply. This book examines the challenge ahead for building a sustainable energy future and transforming the U.S. energy economy.

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Book SynopsisChitosan is a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin, a natural polysaccharide extracted from crustaceans, insects and certain fungi. Owing to its unique properties such as biodegradability, biocompatability, biological activity and capacity of forming polyelectrolyte complex with anionic polyelectrolytes, chitosan has been widely applied in the food and cosmetics industry, as well as the biomedical field in relation to tissue engineering, and the pharmaceutical industry relating to drug delivery. This book gathers current research from around the globe in the study of chitosan.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the structure and properties of polypropylene foams; sensitisation in TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel, tribotesting of polymers in line contact; the synthesis and crystal growth of non-linear optical materials and their application in telecommunications; poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels in drug delivery devices; developments in processing technologies of functionally graded materials and the indentation size effects in polymers.

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Book SynopsisThere is an increase in the projection of future electricity demand across the globe. In the projections from the International Energy Outlook 2010 (IEO2010), the total energy consumption will increase by 49% from 2007 to 2035 (1.4% per year). Based on those reports, it is seen that the use of energy will increase over that time (considering world oil prices will remain relatively high through most of the projection period). There is also an effort being made to search for sustainable and clean energy, like as generated by wind, solar, wave, tide, geothermal and hydroelectricity. This book takes in consideration the following themes: wind power generation, bioenergy, nuclear energy, hydroelectric energy and energy transportation.

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Book SynopsisIn drug delivery, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is delivered to the patient through different methods and shapes which are called pharmaceutical dosage forms. Each API has specific physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties which require a suitable pharmaceutical dosage form to be delivered to the body. In this book, the authors present current research from across the globe in the study of drug delivery. Topics discussed include pharmaceutical dosage forms; drug delivery through multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles; targeted liposomal based chemotherapies; the stability of drug delivery PLGA nanoparticles and the influence of particle physicochemical properties on delivery of drugs by dry powder inhalers to the lung.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the characteristics, properties and uses of transition metals. Topics discussed include the non-linear optical properties of transition metal nanoparticles synthesised by ion implantation; the structural and magnetic characterisation of Cu-Picolinate and Cu-Quinaldinate molecular systems; application of transition metals as active compounds in separation techniques; the reactivity of unstable chemicals in the presence of transition metals and the bioinorganic and redox reactions in biological systems of transition metals.

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Book SynopsisEcological Modeling

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Book SynopsisInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology has paved new ways for disease modelling and drug discovery. Disease modelling with the differentiated neuronal cells from patient-specific iPS cells partially recapitulated the phenotypes of spinal muscular atrophy, familial dysautonomia and Rett syndrome. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of induced stem cells, including the cryopreservation of pluipotent stem cells; tissue engineering approaches using bioactive ceramics towards bone regeneration; induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes as an alternative to human adult hepatocytes; iPS technology for studying neurodegenerative diseases and iPS from cord blood cells.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors gather research from across the globe in the study of the characteristics, composition and orbits of comets. Topics discussed include the role of collisions and magneto-electrochemistry in the planetary origins of comets; 19th century cometary observations; icy particles of cometary atmosphere; cavities as a source of outbursts from comets; infrared observations of comets and the role of comets as contributors to the early evolution of Earth.

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Book SynopsisToday''s energy situation has created a dilemma for coal use in the United States. On one hand, the environmental challenges of using coal appear formidable, particularly with growing concern over the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global climate change. On the other hand, the projected demand for electricity, coupled with high fuel costs, presents a near-term opportunity for the greater use of coal to ensure energy security for America. This solution to coal''s "Catch-22" can be achieved through technological advancements that enable coal-based energy plants to produce much needed electricity and fuels for secure and stable economic growth. This book examines the development of the technological pathway of advanced power systems using bituminous coal.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the field of electrical engineering. Topics discussed include voltage stabilisation using a storage capacitor; AC bridge circuitry for the capacitive position sensor inside the superconducting linear motor system; ferromagnetism in semiconductors doped with non-magnetic elements; spin transfer torque effect and its applications; fundamentals of half-metallic full-heusler alloys; electronics, spintronics and orbitronics and electric motor drives for battery, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the occurrence of uranium in its natural setting in the United States, as well as its industrial uses and the methods employed over the last century to extract it from ore deposits. In addition, this book explores the nature of solid and liquid wastes generated by extraction methods, and the various reclamation and remediation methods which can environmentally restore the extraction site. The potential radiogenic cancer risks from abandoned uranium mines are also explored, as are the environmental and geographical issues associated with those mines.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the analysis of water samples that may have been contaminated as a result of a radiological or nuclear event, such as a radiological dispersion device (RDD), improvised nuclear device (IND), or an intentional release of radioactive materials into a drinking water supply. In the event of a major incident that releases radioactive materials to the environment, the EPA will turn to selected radioanalytical laboratories to support its response and recovery activities. During all phases of an incident response, radioanalytical resources are needed for identifying the radionuclide source terms, quantification of the radionuclides in a variety of media, and the gross radiation screening of samples for prioritisation of sample processing or for information related to the general level of contamination.

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Book SynopsisAfter the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, and the anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001, federal and state personnel provided response, recovery and remediation under trying circumstances, including unprecedented demand on their capabilities to analyse environmental samples. In reviewing these events, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified several areas where the country could better prepare itself in the event of future terrorist incidents. The need to improve the nation''s laboratory capacity and capability to analyse environmental samples following a homeland security event was one of the most important areas identified. This book examines the standardised analytical methods and criteria for environmental restoration following homeland security events.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the types, mechanics and applications of adhesives. Topics discussed include the mechanical behaviour of aductile adhesives in bonded joints; pressure-sensitive acrylic adhesives applied in many industrial fields; electrically conductive adhesives; anti-adhesive layers for nanoimprint lithography; the static and fatigue strength of interference fitted connections supplemented with anaerobic adhesives and tissue adhesives as alternatives to traditional sutures and staples.

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Book SynopsisEnergy storage can be utilised in a wide range of applications. The main types of applications covered by the chapters in the present volume include utility and other electrical power systems, conventional and renewable power generation, renewable energy sources, heat pumps, building heating and cooling and district energy systems. The ability of energy storage to facilitate the efficient, effective and economic operation of renewable energy systems is reinforced in this volume, with chapters focusing on using energy storage to improve solar power plants and other renewable energy applications. This book addresses both existing and potential future energy storage technologies and systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on field measurement methods for fatigue life evaluation of existing steel bridges; softened membrane model for torsion in reinforced concrete members, design of rock slopes using classification systems; structural control of cable-stayed bridges; numerical simulation of non-linear wave generation by a piston wave maker in a step-type wave flume and workmanlike desktop NC machine tools with multi-application modes.

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Book SynopsisVegetation is able, through photosynthesis, to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to carbohydrates. Some of this carbon returns to the atmosphere through decay or burning, but much of it can remain in the soil or in plant tissues for many years. By improved management practices, the amount of carbon stored in soils and plants can be increased. Storing carbon in this way is referred to as terrestrial sequestration. This book examines the land types and management methods that can maximise carbon storage in vegetation and soil and explores the analytical techniques necessary to monitor, verify and account for terrestrially stored carbon, which is required for this carbon to be traded.

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Book SynopsisIn a society predicated on information, the media has a pervasive presence. From government policy to leisure television, the information age touches us all. The papers collected in this book constitute some of today''s leading analyses of the information industry. Together, these essays represent a needed foundation for understanding the present state and future development of the mass media. Current trends in communications as well as media impact on public opinion are studied and reported on.

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Book SynopsisThe development of offshore oil, gas and other mineral resources in the United States is impacted by a number of interrelated legal regimes, including international, federal and state laws. International law provides a framework for establishing national ownership or control of offshore areas, and U.S. domestic law has adopted these internationally recognised principles. This book describes the nature of U.S. authority over offshore areas pursuant to international and domestic law and explains the laws, at both the state and federal levels, governing the development of offshore oil and gas and the litigation that has flowed from development under these legal regimes; recent changes to authorities regulating offshore development and legislative proposals concerning offshore oil and natural gas exploration and production.

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