Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polyester: Properties, Preparation & Applications
Book SynopsisPolyester (aka Terylene) is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many forms of polyesters, the term "polyester" is most commonly used to refer to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Other forms of polyester include the naturally-occurring cutin of plant cuticles as well as synthetic polyesters such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.Polyester may be produced in numerous forms. For example, polyester as a thermoplastic may be heated and processed into different forms and shapes, eg: fibres, sheets and three-dimensional shapes. While combustible at high temperatures, polyester tends to shrink away from flames and self-extinguishes. This book provides leading edge research on this field from around the globe.
£113.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc MOSFETs: Properties, Preparations & Performance
Book Synopsis
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc New Research on Nanocomposites
Book SynopsisNanophase materials and technology is a new application technology. Nanocomposites have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential applications in biomedical, catalytic, separation, chemical sensing, fuel cell, capacitors, microfabrication, tribological, resonant coupling, high flux gas transport etc. Nanocomposite materials are complex nanophase materials which optimise the performance of traditional materials. Various nanocomposites have been synthesised in a wide range of polymerisation, sol-gel, deposition, magnetron sputtering, supercritical fluid, sonochemistry, laser, etc.Among these works, many strategies were addressed to improve nanocomposites mechanical properties by inclusions (fibers, whiskers, platelets, or particles). The embedding of inclusions in a host matrix to make composites, which gives material properties not achieved by either phase alone, has been a common practice for many years. Traditionally, composites were reinforced with micron-sized inclusions. Recently, processing techniques have been developed to allow the size of inclusions to go down to nanoscale.With the recent developments in the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, the correlation of composite properties with nanostructure has become a point of great interest. As a result, much of the work is still ongoing and there is yet to be a definite conclusion on the effect of nano-sized structure on nanocomposite systems. This book provides leading edge research from around the globe on this field.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Focus on Emerging Food-Borne Infections
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the "emerging food borne infections", a common health problem, in the aspects relating to medicine. This book covers specifically the clinical aspect, scientific laboratory aspect, public health aspect as well as the social science relating to these important tropical diseases. The common tropical diseases, including other disorders, which relate to the food-borne infectious diseases are summarised, presented and discussed. This book presents data from the molecular to the population scales, as well as additional metanalysis for important topics. In addition, the diagnostic guideline and clinical practice guideline of the mentioned conditions are presented.
£99.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Powder Metallurgy Research Trends
Book SynopsisPowder metallurgy is a forming and fabrication technique consisting of three major processing stages. First, the primary material is physically powdered, divided into many small individual particles. Next, the powder is injected into a mould or passed through a die to produce a weakly cohesive structure (via cold welding) very near the dimensions of the object ultimately to be manufactured. Finally, the end part is formed by applying pressure, high temperature, long setting times (during which self-welding occurs), or any combination thereof. In powder metallurgy or ceramics it is possible to fabricate components which otherwise would decompose or disintegrate. All considerations of solid-liquid phase changes can be ignored, so powder processes are more flexible than casting, extrusion, or forging techniques. Controllable characteristics of products prepared using various powder technologies include mechanical, magnetic, and other unconventional properties of such materials as porous solids, aggregates, and intermetallic compounds. This book provides new research on this field from around the globe.
£86.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Micro-CHP Power Generation for Residential &
Book SynopsisThe traditional structure of the electrical utility market, green engineering issues, and environmental acceptability have resulted in a relatively small number of electric utilities. However, today''s technology permits development of smaller, less expensive power systems, bringing in new, independent producers. Competitions from these independent producers along with the re-thinking of existing regulations have affected the conventional structure of electric utilities. The restructuring of the electric utility industry and the development of new "onsite and near-site" power generation technologies have opened up new possibilities for buildings, building complexes, and communities to generate and sell power. Competitive forces have created new challenges as well as opportunities for companies that can anticipate technological needs and emerging market trends. Micro-cooling, heating, and power (micro-CHP) is decentralised electricity generation coupled with thermally activated components for residential and small commercial applications. A micro-CHP system consists of a prime mover, such as a reciprocating engine, which drives a generator, which produces electrical power. The waste heat from the prime mover is recovered and used to drive thermally activated components and to produce hot water or warm air through the use of heat exchangers. Micro-CHP holds some of the answers to the efficiency, pollution, and deregulation issues that the utility industry currently faces. A review of micro-CHP systems, specific types of distributed power generation, and thermally-activated technologies are introduced and discussed in this book.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Road Traffic: Safety, Modeling, & Impacts
Book SynopsisRoad traffic represent a significant burden in the developing world and will continue to become more prominent without an effective response to the myriad problems it presents. This book provides a discussion effective measures in safety, modelling and the impacts of road traffic on society.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Biotechnology: Research, Technology &
Book SynopsisBiotechnology combines disciplines like genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology and cell biology, which are in turn linked to practical disciplines like chemical engineering, information technology, and robotics. Patho-biotechnology describes the exploitation of pathogens or pathogen derived compounds for beneficial effect. This book presents the latest research in the field.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Quantum Dots: Research, Technology & Applications
Book SynopsisSince first developed in the early sixties, silicon chip technology has made vast leaps forward. From a rudimentary circuit with a mere handful of transistors, the chip has evolved into a technological wonder, packing millions of bits of information on a surface no larger that a human thumbnail. And most experts predict that in the near future, we will see chips with over a billion bits. Quantum dots are small devices that contain a tiny droplet of free electrons. They are fabricated in semiconductor materials and have typical dimensions ranging from nanometres to a few microns. The size and shape of these structures and therefore the number of electrons they contain can be precisely controlled; a quantum dot can have anything from a single electron to a collection of several thousands. The physics of quantum dots shows many parallels with the behaviour of naturally occurring quantum systems in atomic and nuclear physics. As in an atom, the energy levels in a quantum dot become quantised due to the confinement of electrons. Unlike atoms however, quantum dots can be easily connected to electrodes and are therefore excellent tools for studying atomic-like properties. This new book presents the latest research developments in the world.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
Book SynopsisThe Department of Energy (DOE)proposes under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) to build facilities to begin recycling the nation''s commercial spent nuclear fuel. GNEP''s objectives include reducing radioactive waste disposed of in a geologic repository and mitigating the nuclear proliferation risks of existing recycling technologies. DOE originally planned a small engineering-scale demonstration of advanced recycling technologies being developed by DOE national laboratories. While DOE has not
£42.39
Nova Science Publishers Inc Robot Vision: New Research
Book SynopsisThe field of robot vision guidance is developing rapidly. The benefits of sophisticated vision technology include savings, improved quality, reliability, safety and productivity. Robot vision is used for part identification and navigation. Vision applications generally deal with finding a part and orienting it for robotic handling or inspection before an application is performed. Sometimes vision guided robots can replace multiple mechanical tools with a single robot station. A combination of vision algorithms, calibration, temperature software, and cameras provide the vision ability. Calibration of robot vision system is very application dependent. They can range from a simple guidance application to a more complex application that uses data from multiple sensors. Algorithms are consistently improving, allowing for sophisticated detection. Many robots are now available with collision detection, allowing them to work alongside other robots without the fear of a major collision. They simply stop moving momentarily if they detect another object in their motion path. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.
£136.49
Materials Research Society Nanostructured Semiconductors and Nanotechnology: Volume 1551
Book SynopsisSymposium R, 'Nanostructured Semiconductors and Nanotechnology' was held April 1–5, 2013, at the 2013 MRS spring meeting in San Francisco, California. The aim of the symposium was to review present and future trends of research on nanostructured semiconductors from fundamental issues of synthesis (epitaxy, nanofunctionalization, and self-assembly) to emerging applications in advanced devices (nanoelectronics, photovoltaics, nanophotonics, and so on).Table of ContentsPart I. Nanostructuring Semiconductors: 1. Role of As in the anisotropic positioning of self-assembled InAs quantum dots; 2. Synthesis and compositional control of size monodisperse SixGe1-x nanocrystals for optoelectronic applications; 3. Self-energy models for scattering in semiconductor nanoscale devices: causality considerations and the spectral sum rule; 4. SiC-based 1D nanostructures; 5. Scanning photocurrent microscopy of as-grown silicon nanowire metallurgical junctions; 6. Impact of the aggressive scaling on the performance of FinFETs: the role of a single dopant in the channel; 7. High energy density, high operating frequency and energy efficient on-chip inductors based on coiled carbon nanotubes (CCNTs); 8. Structural evolution of nickel doped zinc oxide nanostructures; 9. Emission color tuning of Ge nanoparticles in the ranging from UV through visible to near-IR; 10. Nanostructured amorphous silicon on metal electrodes: electrical and optical properties; 11. Si nanowire-gold nanoparticles heterostructures for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Part II. Group IV Nanostructure and Self Assembly: 12. Nano-scale chemistry of complex self-assembled nanostructures in epitaxial SiGe films; 13. Ab initio simulation of 1D pattern formation of adsorbates on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface; 14. Instability formation in epitaxial SiGe lines under hydrogen annealing; Part III. Synthesis, Characterization and Transport Properties: 15. Palladium catalyzed defect-free <110> zinc-blende structured InAs nanowires; 16. Needles and haystacks: influence of catalytic metal nanoparticles on structural and vibrational properties and morphology of silicon nanowires synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching; 17. Improving yields in bridging silicon nanowires with rational control of the bridge characteristics; 18. Effect of crystal size on the structural and functional properties of water-stable monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via a polyol-route; 19. Simulation of DC characteristics of nano-scale hydrogen-terminated diamond MISFETs; 20. Electron localization, tunneling and energy spectrum for systems of double quantum dots; Part IV. Quantum Dot Based Photovoltaic Devices: 21. Investigation of quantum dot solar cell device performance; 22. Enhanced photocurrent due to interband transitions from InAs quantum dots embedded in InGaAs quantum well solar cells; 23. Modeling and fabrication of quantum dot channel field effect transistors incorporating quantum dot gate; 24. Enhanced response in InAs quantum dots in an InGaAs quantum well solar cells by anti-reflection coatings.
£999.99
Cambridge University Press New Trends in Polymer Chemistry and Characterization 2014 Volume 1767 MRS Proceedings
Book SynopsisThis volume contains papers presented at Symposium 5C, 'New Trends in Polymer Chemistry and Characterization' of the XXIII International Materials Research Congress organized by the Sociedad Mexicana de Materiales A. C. in collaboration with the Materials Research Society (MRS), USA, which was held from 17â21 August 2014 in CancÃn, Mexico. The symposium was devoted to fundamental and technological applications of polymeric materials, and continued the tradition of providing a forum for scientists from various backgrounds with a common interest in the development and use of polymeric materials to come together and share their findings and expertise. The topics included step-growth and chain-growth polymerizations, macromolecular architecture and topology, well-defined and uniform polymers, polymer engineering and processing, polymer characterization by new and combined techniques, polymer morphology, dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, smart and functional polymers, composite materials and coatings, polymer-forming reactions, modeling and simulation methods in polymer chemistry and physics, environment-friendly polymers and biopolymers.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Coal Mining: Research, Technology & Safety
Book SynopsisAlthough it is a rock rather than a mineral (the building blocks of rocks), coal is often considered to be a mineral resource. Coal has been mined since ancient Roman times, but it has become a major energy source only since the Industrial Revolution. It currently provides 22 percent of the world''s energy, and is used to generate approximately 40 percent of electricity world-wide. Coal generates more than half of all electricity in the United States. Coal is also an important ingredient in the creation of methanol which turns up in such items as plywood (binding resin) and plastic bottles (acetic acid). Reserves are widely distributed throughout the globe, although the United States, Russia, China, and India account for more than half of the world''s recoverable coal reserves. This book presents new research in the field.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Agricultural Systems: Economics, Technology, &
Book SynopsisAgricultural systems include the development and application of systems methodology, including system modelling, simulation and optimisation; ecoregional analysis of agriculture and land use; studies on natural resource issues related to agriculture; impact and scenario analyses related to topics such as GMOs, multifunctional land use and global change; and the development and application of decision and discussion support systems; approaches to analysing and improving farming systems; technology transfer in tropical and temperate agriculture; and the relationship between agricultural development issues and policy. This book presents the latest research in the field.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology: 2-Volume Set
Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a "catch-all" description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a meter, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents new and important research advances from around the globe.
£302.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Complementary Approaches for Using Ecotoxicity
Book SynopsisThe assessment of soil quality has usually focused on human health protection as the main objective. Recently, criteria for the protection of ecosystems have been incorporated and ecotoxicological analyses are recommended to estimate the risk to ecological receptors associated with contaminants in soils (Calow, 1993; Stephenson et al., 2002; Loibner et al., 2003; Robidoux et al., 2004b). The ecotoxicological assessment of soils is mostly based on the toxicity test with selected organisms. Two complementary approaches are available. The first approach consists in the identification of toxicity thresholds for each relevant pollutant, thresholds that are based on the evaluation of effects of chemical substances on selected organisms representing relevant ecological receptors. The results of these assays are used for setting soil quality standards for each pollutant or pollutant class. Risk assessment tools can be used for this purpose, pre-establishing acceptable levels of risk. The contamination level is based on the comparison of the concentration of contaminants measured in the soil with the standards established from the thresholds. Although field and semi-field information can be incorporated in the higher tier steps, the thresholds are mostly developed from standardised toxicity assays conducted under laboratory conditions following international (e.g. OECD, ISO) or national (e.g. USEPA, ASTM) guidelines. In the second approach, toxicity assays are performed directly with the contaminated media (soil, water, sediment). This alternative, performing the assays with environmental samples, constitutes the method called direct (eco)toxicity assessment (DTA), and is based on modified bioassays. Most regulations have developed soil quality standards based on toxicity assays. However, due to the limitations in the lab to field extrapolation, trends were directed towards the combination of chemical analysis and DTA (Peterson et al., 1990; Torstensson, 1993; Tørsløv et al., 1997). In this book, both alternatives will be compared. The main difference between both approaches is that in the first case, a reference "uncontaminated" soil sample is spiked with one or a few chemicals at different concentrations, while in the DTA approach real soil samples are collected at the contaminated site, therefore containing a realistic combination of the different pollutants present in the area, the field sample can be then tested and/or "diluted" with "uncontaminated" soil to create a pollution gradient. The toxicity of the spiked or collected/diluted samples is measured and concentration/response relationships obtained in both cases. To understand better this comparison, in this book the term "toxicity test" will be used for the first approach: toxicity tests with samples spiked at the lab; while the term "bioassay" will be used for the DTA approach: samples collected at the field.
£36.79
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polymer Nanocomposites: Variety of Structural
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Electron-Phonon Interactions in Novel
Book SynopsisIn this book, the electron-phonon interactions in the charged molecular systems such as polyacenes, polyfluoroacenes, B, N-substituted polyacenes, and polycyanodienes are discussed. They estimated the electron-phonon coupling constants and the frequencies of the vibronic active modes playing an essential role in the electron-phonon interactions in order to discuss how CH-CF, CC-BN, and CC-CN substitutions are closely related to the essential characteristics of the electron-phonon interactions in these molecules by comparing the calculated results for charged polyacenes with those for charged B, N-substituted polyacenes and polycyanodienes, respectively. The C-C stretching modes around 1500 cm-1strongly couple to the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and the lowest frequency modes and the C-C stretching modes around 1500 cm-1 strongly couple to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) in polyacenes. The C-C stretching modes around 1500 cm -1strongly couple to the HOMO and LUMO in polyfluoroacenes. The B-N stretching modes around 1500 cm -1 strongly couple to the HOMO and LUMO in B, N-substituted polyacenes. The C-C and C-N stretching modes around 1500 cm-1 strongly couple to the HOMO and LUMO in polycyanodienes. The total electron-phonon coupling constants for the monocations and monoanions decrease with an increase in molecular size in polyacenes, polyfluoroacenes, B, N-substituted polyacenes, and polycyanodienes. In general, we can expect that monocations and monoanions, in which number of carriers per atom is larger, affords larger value. The CH-CF, CC-BN, and CC-CN atomic substitutions are effective way to seek for larger values, and the CH-CF and CC-CN atomic substitutions are effective way to seek for larger values in polyacenes. The logarithmically averaged phonon frequencies which measure the frequencies of the vibronic active modes playing an essential role in the electron-phonon interactions for the monocations and monoanions in polyacenes, polyfluoroacenes, B, N-substituted polyacenes, and polycyanodienes are investigated. The values decrease with an increase in molecular size in polyacenes, polyfluoroacenes, and polycyanodienes, and the values decrease with an increase in molecular size in polyacenes, polyfluoroacenes, B, N-substituted polyacenes, and polycyanodienes. The authors can expect that in the hydrocarbon molecular systems, the values would basically decrease by substituting hydrogen atoms by heavier atoms. This can be understood from the fact that the frequencies of all vibronic active modes in polyacenes downshift by H-F substitution. However, considering that the value for the LUMO rather localised on carbon atoms in large sized polyfluoroacenes becomes larger by H-F substitution, the authors can expect that the value for a molecular orbital localised on carbon atoms has a possibility to increase by substituting hydrogen atoms by heavier atoms if the phase patterns of the molecular orbital do not significantly change by such atomic substitution. Therefore, the detailed properties of the vibrational modes and the electronic structures as well as the molecular weights are closely related to the frequencies of the vibronic active modes playing an important role in the electron-phonon interactions in the monoanions of polyfluoroacenes.
£42.39
Nova Science Publishers Inc Food Crop Mineral Deficiency & Disturbance Stress
Book SynopsisThe innovative 3R "Recycle-Reuse-Reduce" AGROCARBON technology provides recycling of agricultural organic and mineral by-products provides carbon products for soil amendment and restoration of soil natural balance. This book explains how the input feed streams are plant and animal origin carboniferous by-products, such as refuse grain, sawdust, food grade animal bone meal, food processing and/or other agro by-products. The innovative technology is providing surface modified charcoals and minerals for plant availability and post processing the chars by integrated biotechnological means. The process is upgrading by-products to high added-value biological control, plant growth promotion and natural fertilisation combined products for environmentally friendly vegetable cultivation, with carbon sequestration potential. The 3R is a horizontally arranged and indirectly heated low temperature zero emission carbonisation system (operating under vacuum, up to 850 C50C material core temperature) and directly integrated novel agro biotechnological processing units of agrocarbon specific solid state fermentation and formulations. Performance: 1. Food crop mineral deficiency and disturbance stress mitigation in temperate climatic regions by restoration of soil natural balance. 2. Input feed streams: low value organic and/or inorganic by-products; such as refuse grain, sawdust and/or high Phosphorous content animal bone meal, and/or other by products; which can be valorisation transformed by added-value integrated thermal and biotechnological means. 3. The 3R biotechnology integrated industrialised biochar production technology is a modern zero emission solution, in which process all and any output products are recycled and reused, aiming prevention-protection-preservation approaches. 4. The output products are different types of soil biotechnology specific solid carrier composits and adapted microbiological fungus and/or bacteria strain consortiums. Depending on the soil and climate application scenario conditions, different types of soil and climate relevant 3R NPK products can be made. 5. The application objective of the products are the natural balance and functionality restorations of degraded temperate agriculture soils with controlled microbiological activity and precision farming nutrient supply. Further objectives are the promotion of humus building and mineral mobilisation towards plant availability, for sustainable, improved, economical and ecological food crop production in the fields of organic and low input low green house gas farmings, while carbon sequestration is also targeted. 6. The application targets combined effects, such as plant growth promotion, biological control against soil borne plant pathogens and natural NPK fertilisation, especially sequenced mobilised Phosphorus supply and improved nutrient use efficiency. 7. The application sectors are the organic farming and/or low input farming for environmentally friendly vegetable cultivation and other food crop productions. 8. STATUS: "product like" field demonstration plant has been developed, successfully tested, scale up optimisation and comprehensive industrialised engineering design made for 30,000 m3/year input feed stream as of modern US/EU industrial norms and standards. Patented original solution. Available for licensing and technology transfer.
£73.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Computable General Equilibrium Model for
Book Synopsis
£86.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Wind Power: Technology, Economics & Policies
Book SynopsisRising energy prices and concern over greenhouse gas emissions have focused congressional attention on energy alternatives, including wind power. Although wind power currently provides only a small fraction of U.S. energy needs, it is growing more rapidly than any other electricity source. Wind energy already plays a significant role in several European nations, and countries like China and India are rapidly expanding their capacity both to manufacture wind turbines and to integrate wind power into their electricity grids. This book describes utility-scale wind power issues in the United States as well as background on wind energy, wind resources and technology, industry composition and trends, wind power economics and policy issues. Other policy questions, such as federal funding for wind research and development, and siting and permitting requirements, are also outlined.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Microbial Conversions of Raw Glycerol
Book SynopsisGlycerol is a simple carbon source than can be easy assimilated by numerous eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. However, this compound had been neglected as substrate for microbial fermentations for many years due mainly to its high cost. Nevertheless, recent developments in the fuel market, led to the production in large scale of biodiesel derived from vegetable oil, reversed this situation. Currently glycerol is available in large quantities in the biodiesel production units. This industry produces enormous quantities of glycerol as a by-product, during transesterification process of the oil with methanol or ethanol. Therefore, glycerol turns into an attractive feedstock. Biotechnology provides a broad range of methods for the valorisation of raw glycerol. Important commodities and high-added value products of industrial interest, such as organic acids, bioplastics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids etc could be produced from raw glycerol. Glycerol can also be recycled after its conversion into microbial triacylglycerols and then to biodiesel. In this book, the biochemical pathways of glycerol metabolism in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cultivated under various conditions are discussed. The various methods, proposed so far in the international literature for the valorisation of glycerol by biotechnological means, are shown and discussed by using scientific and technological criteria. Evaluation of the economic viability of the 1,3-propanediol production processes is also presented. All chapters (research articles and reviews) were reviewed by experts. Although the examples presented are, doubtless, the more important, there are also a lot of other applications based on raw glycerol.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Optical Deformability of Fluid Interfaces
Book SynopsisThe formation, deformation, and break-up of liquid interfaces are ubiquitous phenomena in nature. In the present book the authors discuss the deformation of a liquid interface produced by optical radiation forces. Usually, the bending of such an interface by the radiation pressure of a c.w. laser beam is weak. However, the effect can be enhanced significantly if one works with a near-critical phase-separated liquid mixture, whereby the surface tension becomes weak. The bending may in this way become as large as several tenths of micrometers, even with the use of only moderate laser power. This near-criticality is a key element in our experimental investigations as reviewed in the article. The effect is achieved by working with a micellar phase of microemulsions, at room temperature. The authors give a brief survey of the theory of electromagnetic forces on continuous matter, and survey earlier experiments in this area, such as the Ashkin-Dziedzic optical radiation force experiment on a water/air surface, the Zhang-Chang experiment on the laser-induced deformation of a micrometer-sized spherical water droplet, and the experiment of Sakai et al. measuring surface tensions of interfaces in a non-contact manner. Thereafter, the authors survey results they obtained in recent years by performing experiments on near-critical interfaces, such as interface bending in the linear regime, stationary large deformations of liquid interfaces, asymmetric pressure effects on interfaces under intense illumination, non-linear deformations, and laser-sustained liquid columns.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Handbook of Light Emitting & Schottky Diode
Book SynopsisBook & CD. A light-emitting-diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits light when an electric current is applied in the forward direction of the device, as in the simple LED circuit. The effect is a form of electroluminescence where incoherent and narrow-spectrum light is emitted from the p-n junction.LEDs are widely used as indicator lights on electronic devices and increasingly in higher power applications such as flashlights and area lighting. An LED is usually a small area (less than 1 mm2) light source, often with optics added to the chip to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection. The colour of the emitted light depends on the composition and condition of the semiconducting material used, and can be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet. Besides lighting, interesting applications include using UV-LEDs for sterilisation of water and disinfection of devices, and as a grow light to enhance photosynthesis in plants. This book presents the latest research from around the globe in the field of LED research and Schottky diodes.
£248.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Water Infrastructure
Book SynopsisThe Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for the construction of most of the large irrigation and water resources infrastructure in the West. Reclamation manages water resource facilities in 17 western states with an original development cost of over $20.0 billion. Furthermore, Reclamation is over 100 years old. This ageing infrastructure requires increased maintenance and replacement efforts and expenditures. This book describes Reclamation''s approach to managing ageing infrastructure. There is also a discussion of four specific approaches to managing Reclamation''s ageing infrastructure through legislative action. Furthermore, the principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorised in the Clean Water Act (CWA). This book explores the funding for EPA wastewater assistance and some of the funded projects which are not authorised in the Clean Water Act nor the Safe Drinking Water Act. This book also examines the urgent actions needed to be taken for additional funding to resolve any deficiencies in dams. While dams have multiple benefits, they can also present a risk to public safety and economic infrastructure. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
£107.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Controlled Structures with Electromechanical &
Book SynopsisThe content of the book is a continuation of the previous book that was published in Poland in 2001, co-author Professor Andrzej Flaga. It refers to regulation of voltages and deformations in combined structures (in constructions with cables or guy ropes)and is provided with our copyright. The spring was used as the sensor of deformation and the beam (cantilever and double-support)in combined construction was reviewed. Now in the this book, framed and spatial combined structures with application electromechanical and fibre-optic sensors are considered The control behaviour of constructions at all phases of their life cycle and prior preventive alarm without participation of the person is an actual problem as well as the considerable achievement of technical development and new technologies.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Social Theory & Human Biotechnology
Book SynopsisThe book is intended as a contribution towards metatheoretical development as part of the post-postmodern ''return to'' sociological theory associated with Robert Sibeon (1996, 1999, 2004, 2007), Derek Layder (1997, 2004, 2007), Nicos Mouzelis (1991, 1993, 1995, 2007), Margaret Archer (1995, 1998) and Owen [2006a, 2006b, 2007a, 2007b] in tandem with a study of some of the sociological and ethical implications of selected examples of human biotechnology. The examples include the Human Genome Project, and related areas of interest such as reproductive biotechnology; the attempts to develop a biological sociology by writers of the ''embodied'' school; and what Powell and Owen (2005) term ''the biomedical model''. The book is also intended to contribute towards ''building bridges'' between post-modern metatheory and biological science.
£73.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polyfunctional Stabilizers of Polymers
Book SynopsisThe monograph is of interest to scientists specialising in physical chemistry. The results of research of polyfunctional stabilisers from the point of view of correlation of structure, reactivity and inhibiting efficiency on the basis of general kinetic approach and modern physical, chemical and mathematical methods of identification of mechanisms of their stabilising action, both in modelling liquid-phase systems and solid polymers and their melts are analysed. The method of the comparative estimation of inhibiting properties of the polyfunctional compounds based on semiempirical correlations "structure -- properties" are considered. Aspects of chemistry of high-molecular compounds include the results of research of polymer analogous reactions of polyfunctional stabilisers with liable groups, contained in the composition of polymers at various stages of their ageing. In the final chapters of the monograph the data on ageing and stabilisation of various types of polymers (PO, PVC, heterogeneous chain polymers, rubbers, etc.) are considered, some variants of practical realisation of intramolecular and mix synergism of antioxidising action of polyfunctional stabilisers in polymers are presented. In whole, the book represents the scientific work devoted to the subject of the development of polyfunctional stabilisers, in this work some aspects of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, chemistry of high-molecular compounds, issues of ageing and stabilisation of polymers, practical forecasts for the usage of polyfunctional stabilisers are considered. The above said predetermines the importance of the monograph.
£143.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Distributed Energy Systems
Book SynopsisFrom deregulation of energy business, and an environmental problem, the installation spread of the small-scale distribution power due to a fuel cell and a heat engine is expected. Under the objective function set up by the designer or the user, optimisation planning that controls small-scale distribution power is required. In dynamic operation planning of the energy plant, the analysis method using mixed integer linear programming is developed. For the compound energy systems of solar modules and fuel cell cogeneration, there have been no reports of the optimisation of operation planning. Therefore, there are no results showing the relationship between the objective function given to the combined system and operation planning. Such as a solar modules or wind power, green-energy equipment is accompanied by the fluctuation of an output in many cases. Almost all green energy equipment requires backup by commercial power, fuel cells, heat engines, etc. Operation planning of the system that utilises renewable energy differs by the objective function and power and heat load pattern. Thus, this book investigates the operation planning of the compound energy system composed of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration with methanol steam-reforming equipment, a solar module, geo-thermal heat pump, heat storage, water electrolysis equipment, commercial power, and a kerosene boiler. In such a complex energy system, facility cost is expensive. However, in this book, it investigates as a case of the independent power source for backlands with renewable energy. This book considers the operation planning of a system, and the optimisation of equipment capacity. The Genetic Algorithm (hereafter described as GA) applicable to a non-linear problem with many variables is installed into the optimisation calculation of the operation planning of the system. In the operation analysis of a complex energy system, Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) other than GA can be used. Because the non-linear analysis using MIP is made to approximate using a linear expression of relations, it is considered that an error is large. On the other hand, GA is applicable to the analysis of the non-linear problem of many variables. The range of the analysis accuracy obtained by calculation with GA is understood that it can use industrially. In GA, the design variable of energy equipment is shown with many gene models. In this book, the objective functions given to the system were set up as (1) Minimisation of error in demand-and-supply balance, (2) Minimisation of the operation cost (fuel consumption) of energy equipment, (3) Minimisation of the carbon dioxide gas emission accompanying operation, and (4) Minimisation of the three objective functions described above. The load pattern in winter (February) and summer (August) of the average individual house in Sapporo, Japan, is used for the energy demand model shown with a case study. This chapter described the operation plan of the independence energy system when installing a methanol steam-reforming type fuel cell and renewable energy into a cold region house. Such complex operation optimization of the energy system did not have a report until now. Consequently, the method of installing and analysing the GA apply to the non-linear problem of many variables was proposed. In points of equipment cost, it is difficult for a proposed system to spread generally. However, the installation to the area where the commercial power is not fixed is possible.
£42.39
Nova Science Publishers Inc Defense Energy Management
Book SynopsisThe Department of Defense (DoD) continues to make significant progress toward achieving the goals of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) and Executive Order (EO) 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management. The DOD Energy Program initiatives include energy awareness efforts, energy manager training, audit programs, procurement of energy efficient products, and the use of sustainable design in new construction and major renovation. Other contributing factors include integrated energy planning, enhanced use of renewable energy, demonstration of innovative technologies, and the use of Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contracts (UESC). DOD is responding to EPAct 2005 and EO 13423. Combined, these mandates established a new energy baseline (2003), increased the annual reduction requirement to 3 percent per year, increased the percentage of renewable energy required (7.5 percent by 2013), increased energy efficiency of new construction to 30 percent below the current standard, and required metering electricity consumption of all facilities. Through Fiscal Year (FY) 2007, the Department of Defense achieved a 10.1 percent decrease in goal facility energy consumption (as measured on a British Thermal Units (Btu) per gross square foot (GSF) basis [Btu/GSF]) as compared to the revised 2003 baseline. The Department of the Army determined that the square footage was over reported in 2003, compared to data contained in the real property database. Therefore, this book contains a significantly revised baseline, which raises the previously reported Btu/GSF from 113,510 to 116,134. At the end of FY 2007 the Department has 1.95 billion square feet of facilities and spent $3.4 billion on facility energy. DoD spent $9.5 billion on non-fleet vehicles and other equipment - such as auto gasoline, LPG-Propane, Aviation Gasoline, jet fuel and Navy-special fuel. DOD continues to make progress in installing renewable energy technologies and purchasing electricity generated from renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass) when life cycle cost-effective. The National Defence Authorization Act of 2007 codified a 2005 DOD goal to produce or procure renewable energy equivalent to 25 percent of facility electrical consumption. The total renewable energy that the Department produced or procured in FY 2007 amounted to 12,054 trillion Btu and represents 11.9 percent of the facility electrical consumption. For FY 2007, the Department of Energy revised the guidance for compliance with the renewable energy requirements of EPAct 2005 and EO 13423, allowing only renewable electricity. Under this revised guidance, DoD achieved 5.5 percent total and 3.3 percent new renewable energy, well exceeding the goals of 3 percent and 1.5 percent respectively.
£42.39
Nova Science Publishers Inc Fungicides: Chemistry, Environmental Impact &
Book SynopsisAntimicrobial agents, called fungicides, sporicides or biocides have long been used to control, prevent and remediate microbial growth. Currently public concern about the impact of pesticides, including fungicides, on human health is greater than ever before. Pesticides are essential in agricultural production, but they constitute a potential risk to humans who are exposed to them directly through various ways and indirectly through diet. In vitro techniques used to study in vitro metabolism and interactions are briefly described in this book, summarising the metabolic and kinetic properties of selected fungicides. Different analytical methods are reported in the literature for the analysis of fungicides. Developments in the methods devoted to fungicide analysis in environmental samples over the past 15 years are also looked at. In addition, biological contaminants, especially mould in buildings, which are known to act as sources of indoor air pollution, discomfort, asthma and pulmonary disease in building occupants and antimicrobial treatments of indoor mould and bacteria are reviewed. Finally, this book shows the current situation of the analysis of fungicide residues in environmental, biological and food samples, describing the analytical methods used for their determination.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Integrated Circuits, Photodiodes & Organic Field
Book SynopsisThis book begins with metamaterials technology, a novel approach for the design of radiofrequency and microwave components and circuits. Since reliability is a key success factor to engineering products today, the different misconceptions in the common reliability practices of integrated circuits manufacturers are presented. A bio-inspired approach designed to solve some tasks raised in the "Bionic Eyeglass Project" is described, which aims to help the everyday life of visually impaired people. This book also discusses the intrinsic charge transport in organic field-effect transistors based on self-assembled monolayers and on the nature of transport in organic systems. A combined view of spectroscopic studies on electronic states in working organic thin film is presented based on experimental results. Solution-processed organic thin-film transistors are also introduced. The use of photodiode array detectors as a powerful tool in HLPC is examined with an emphasis in peak identification and confirmatory results. The mechanisms of avalanche photodiodes as a particle detector and its latest results are reviewed. The main characteristics and properties of photodiodes and their applications in textile industry and biomedicine are also discussed. Finally, the specific application of photodiodes in cardiac optical mapping is presented.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Safe Nanotechnology
Book SynopsisNanotechnology has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of a number of existing consumer and industrial products and could have a substantial impact on the development of new applications ranging from disease diagnosis and treatment to environmental remediation. Because of the broad range of possible nanotechnology applications, continued evaluation of the potential health risks associated with exposure to nanomaterials is essential to ensure their safe handling. Nanomaterials are engineered materials having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers. Nanomaterials often exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that impart specific characteristics essential in making engineered materials, but little is known about what effect these properties may have on human health. Research has shown that the physiochemical characteristics of particles can influence their effects in biological systems. These characteristics include: particle size, shape, surface area, charge, chemical properties, solubility, and degree of agglomeration. Until the results from research studies can fully elucidate the characteristics of nanoparticles that may potentially pose a health risk, precautionary measures are warranted. NIOSH has developed this document to provide an overview of what is known about nanomaterial hazard and measures that can be taken to minimise workplace exposures. NIOSH is seeking comments from occupational safety and health practitioners, researchers, product innovators and manufacturers, employers, workers, interest group members, and the general public so that appropriate existing health and safety guidance can be further refined and disseminated. Opportunities to provide feedback and information are available throughout the book.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Nanotechnology & the Environment
Book SynopsisNanotechnology has potential applications in many sectors of the American economy, including consumer products, health care, transportation, energy and agriculture. Since 2001, EPA has played a leading role in funding research and setting research directions to develop environmental applications for, and understand the potential human health and environmental implications of, nanotechnology. That research has already borne fruit, particularly in the use of nanomaterials for environmental clean-up and in beginning to understand the disposition of nanomaterials in biological systems. Some environmental applications using nanotechnology have progressed beyond the research stage. The purpose of this book is elucidate the needs associated with nanotechnology, to support related EPA programs, and to communicate these nanotechnology science issues to stakeholders and the public. The book begins with an introduction that describes what nanotechnology is, why EPA is interested in it, and what opportunities and challenges exist regarding nanotechnology and the environment. It then moves to a discussion of the potential environmental benefits of nanotechnology, describing environmental technologies as well as other applications that can foster sustainable use of resources. The book next provides an overview of existing information on nanomaterials regarding components needed to conduct a risk assessment.
£67.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace
Book SynopsisThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the Federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations to prevent work-related injury, illness, and death. As such, NIOSH is active in (1) identifying critical issues related to possible health hazards of nanomaterials, (2) protecting the safety and health of workers involved in this emerging technology, and (3) implementing a strategic plan to develop and disseminate methods for safely advancing the technology through workplace controls and safe handling procedures, and (4) investigating the possible applications of nanotechnology to solve workplace safety and health issues. Because of their small size and large surface area, engineered nanoparticles may have chemical, physical, and biological properties distinctly different from larger particles of similar chemical composition. Those properties may include the ability to reach the gas exchange regions of the lung, travel from the lung throughout the body, penetrate dermal barriers, cross cell membranes, and interact at the molecular level. NIOSH is investigating all of these properties, as it would with any new technology or material in the workplace, to provide the necessary guidance to ensure a safe and healthy workplace.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Nanotechnology: Environmental, Health & Safety
Book SynopsisNanotechnology -- a term encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology -- is focused on understanding, controlling, and exploiting the unique properties of matter that can emerge at scales of one to 100 nanometers. A key issue before Congress regarding nanotechnology is how best to protect human health, safety, and the environment as nanoscale materials and products are researched, developed, manufactured, used, and discarded. While the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is believed by many to offer significant economic and societal benefits, some research results have raised concerns about the potential adverse environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of nanoscale materials. Potential detrimental effects of nanoscale materials and devices -- both real and perceived -- must be addressed to protect and improve human health, safety, and the environment; enable accurate and efficient risk assessment, risk management, and cost-benefit trade-offs; foster innovation and public confidence; and ensure that society can enjoy the widespread economic and societal benefits that nanotechnology may offer. This book examines those issues.
£67.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Nanotechnology in the USA: Developments, Policies
Book SynopsisNanotechnology -- a term encompassing the science, engineering, and applications of submicron materials -- involves the harnessing of unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanoscale substances in fundamentally new and useful ways. The economic and societal promise of nanotechnology has led to substantial and sustained investments by governments and companies around the world. In 2000, the United States launched the world''s first national nanotechnology program. Since then, the federal government has invested more than $8 billion in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology through the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). U.S. companies and state governments have invested billions more. As a result of this focus and these investments, the United States has, in the view of many experts, emerged as a global leader in nanotechnology. However, the competition for global leadership in nanotechnology is intensifying as countries and companies around the world increase their investments. Nanotechnology''s complexity and intricacies, early stage of development (with commercial pay-off possibly years away), and broad scope of potential applications engender a wide range of public policy issues.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Phthalates & Bisphenol: A in Plastics & Possible
Book SynopsisThis book explores the safety of phthalates and bisphenol-A in everyday consumer products. The American Chemistry Council represents the leading business of chemistry. Products supplied by the chemistry sector are essential in manufacturing, agriculture, energy, transportation, technology, communications, health, education, defence, and virtually every aspect of our lives. Basic industrial chemicals are the raw materials for thousands of other products including plastics, water treatment chemicals, detergents, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Recent media attention has created public concern and confusion about some of these chemicals - a family of compounds called phthalate esters, and another compound bisphenol-A. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a synthetic sex hormone that''s been linked to serious diseases at low doses of exposure. Studies conducted on laboratory animals and cell cultures have linked low doses of BPA to obesity, diabetes, thyroid disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer and other illnesses. BPA exposure is widespread and has been found in 95% of Americans tested including in breast milk. New research related to this field is presented in this book.
£196.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Environmental Health & Safety Aspects of
Book SynopsisNanotechnology, a term encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology is focused on understanding, controlling, and exploiting the unique properties of matter that can emerge at scales of one to 100 nanometers. A key issue before Congress regarding nanotechnology is how best to protect human health, safety, and the environment as nanoscale materials and products are researched, developed, manufactured, used, and discarded. While the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is believed by many to offer significant economic and societal benefits, some research results have raised concerns about the potential adverse environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of nanoscale materials. This book discusses new research in this field.
£189.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Environmental & Regional Air Pollution
Book SynopsisThe study of the environment includes interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment. The introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms is a major concern that is addressed in this book. A simple field sampling / preconcentration strategy for determination and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in seawater is described. Advantages of green methodologies over traditional techniques to extract pesticides from the environment are also presented. Also included in the book is a review of the most important sources of Hg into the environment and an evaluation of the use of different animal species as bioindicators of human mercury exposure. A variety of regional air pollution issues including the toxicity of smoke and the harmful effects of high surface ozone concentrations effects on human''s health and crop production are examined.
£176.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polymer Aging, Stabilizers & Amphiphilic Block
Book SynopsisDouble hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) constitute a novel class of water-soluble macromolecules with potential utilisation in a wide range of applications. In this book, the current developments in the field of double hydrophilic block copolymers are discussed. In particular, synthetic strategies leading to the preparation of DHBCs are described. Moreover, their aqueous solution behaviour is examined in respect to their ability to self assemblage, due to changes in the solution temperature, and/or pH, as well as due to complexation. This book also reviews the contribution of soluble polymer-supported ligands and isoluble polymer-supported ligands to asymmetric catalysis in various fields by means of nitrogen containing ligands complex with metal as asymmetric catalyst. Furthermore, the authors propose new surfactants or alternative synthetic procedures, and new stabilisation systems for polymeric nanoparticles. Other chapters in this book examine the effects of physical ageing near the surface region of glass polymers, the application of Hindered Amine Stabilisers (HAS) as a state-of-the-art approach to protection of carbon-chain polymers, the molecular self-assembly of block copolymers and recent developments in the field of various amphiphilic block copolymers, and future perspectives in the field of DHBCs regarding general polymer science and nanotechnology issues.
£185.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Bulk Materials: Research, Technology &
Book SynopsisDue to the effect of "colossal" magnetoresistance, bulk lanthanum manganites have become one of the most fashionable objects of investigations in solid state physics. This book illustrates that at radio frequencies, the magnetic permeability exceeds unity far above the temperature of the magnetic phase transition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that radio-frequency properties of bulk lanthanum manganites can be useful for magnetoelectronic applications: sensors of static and high-frequency electromagnetic fields, non-linear devices with magnetic field modulation. In addition, lightening structural components is becoming more and more important for a lot of applications, particularly in the automotive and aerospace fields. In this book, a review of several recent studies about the effect of surface treatments on the fatigue and contact and rolling fatigue behaviour of different bulk materials is reported. Moreover, the chemical routes to elemental selenium and a number of metal chalcogenide materials are reviewed. Some of the synthesised materials characterised by their structural aspect and also their opto-electrical properties and sensing potentials were investigated. Other chapters investigate the advantageous applications of mercury cadmium tellurium in the military engineering and space technology, the electrical and mechanical properties for bulk polycrystalline materials, and the impact of the effective-mass theory on nanocrystal structures.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Electronic Waste Management & Recycling Issues of
Book SynopsisAvailable estimates suggest that the amount of used electronics is large and growing, and that if improperly managed can harm the environment and human health. Recent data suggests that over 100 million computers, monitors, and televisions become obsolete each year, and this amount is growing. These obsolete products are either recycled, reused, disposed of in landfills, or stored by users in places such as basements, garages, and company warehouses. This book explores the disposal of used electronics and the potential problems that can be averted through recycling or reuse.
£232.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Environmental Satellites: Weather & Environmental
Book SynopsisThis book provides information on the planned National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program which is expected to be a state-of-the-art, environment-monitoring satellite system which will replace two existing polar-orbiting environmental satellite systems. The NPOESS program is considered critical to the United States'' ability to maintain the continuity of data required for weather forecasting (including severe weather events such as hurricanes) and global climate monitoring through the year 2026. Furthermore, this book evaluates the NPOESS program office''s progress in restructuring the acquisition, evaluates their progress in establishing an effective management structure, and assesses the reliability of the life cycle cost estimate and proposed schedule. This book also identifies the status and key risks facing the program''s major segments and evaluates the adequacy of the program''s efforts to mitigate these risks.
£73.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Global Positioning Systems
Book SynopsisThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) developed by the United States Department of Defense and managed by the United States Air Force 50th Space Wing. It is the only fully functional GNSS in the world, can be used freely by anyone, anywhere, and is often used by civilians for navigation purposes. It uses a constellation of between 24 and 32 medium Earth orbit satellites that transmit precise radio-wave signals, which allow GPS receivers to determine their current location, the time, and their velocity. Since it became fully operational on April 27, 1995, GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation world-wide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, tracking and surveillance, and hobbies such as geocaching. Also, the precise time reference is used in many applications including the scientific study of earthquakes. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this dynamic field.
£162.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Superconducting Magnets & Superconductivity:
Book SynopsisThis book presents current areas of research in the field of superconductors and superconducting magnets. The ways in which these magnets produce stronger magnetic fields than ordinary iron-core electromagnets is explored. A review of the electronic structure of transition metal oxides and salts is also included in this book, specifically what concerns electron transfer, electron correlation, electron-nuclear coupling, and inter-metal interaction in cuprates. Combining a number of well-known theories of conventional superconductors, a general vortex theory for inhomogeneous superconductors is proposed. Ways to fabricate superconducting magnets in a faster, cheaper and more practical way is also presented.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc New Nanotechnology Developments
Book SynopsisNanotechnology is considered an unlimited discipline inasmuch as it is considered as a mother technology by means of a reductionist approach. Nanotechnology is regarded as a fundamental technology that could ground all the technologies in a similar fashion to the unified theory of physics. Nevertheless, nanotechnology definition, in terms of the system size, which should be less than 1000 nanometres, is not related to the properties of objects or application areas. This confers Nanotechnology with a semantic vagueness that has been profited by several research groups to obtain financial funds inasmuch as nanocosmos has turned out to be a new frontier for scientific research. It is not about building a new world, atom by atom, but of miniaturising the mesocosmic world to a nanometric scale. Having this in mind, it is necessary to integrate physics, chemistry and molecular biology, notwithstanding are open fields which avoids attaining the goal of a unified theory. Hence, Nanotechnology is heavily grounded in frontier sciences and uses instruments developed for natural sciences investigations. Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in the development of technology.
£73.49
