Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisThis book presents the mechanics of piezoelectric semiconductor structures where the main electromechanical coupling of interest is the interaction between mechanical fields and semiconduction. This volume stands as the first full book treatment of this multi-physical subject from the mechanics angle. The analysis of piezoelectric semiconductor structures and devices is an emerging and rapidly growing interdisciplinary area involving materials, electronics, and solid mechanics. It has direct applications in the new area of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. The book is theoretical, beginning with a phenomenological framework and progressing to include solutions to problems fundamental to the theory and application. Dr. Yang illustrates how in piezoelectric semiconductors, mechanical fields interact with semiconduction through the piezoelectrically produced electric fields by mechanical loads. This provides the foundation of piezotronic and piezo-phototronic devices in which semiconduction is induced, affected, manipulated, or controlled by mechanical fields. Also discussing composite structures of piezoelectric dielectrics and nonpiezoelectric semiconductors as well as thermal effects, the book is an ideal basic reference on the topic for researchers.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Macroscopic Theory.- Chapter 2. Exact Solutions.- Chapter 3. Extension of Rods.- Chapter 4. Bending of Beams.- Chapter 5. Extension and Bending of Plates.- Chapter 6. Composite Structures.- Chapter 7. Thermal Effects.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook facilitates students’ ability to apply fundamental principles and concepts in classical thermodynamics to solve challenging problems relevant to industry and everyday life. It also introduces the reader to the fundamentals of statistical mechanics, including understanding how the microscopic properties of atoms and molecules, and their associated intermolecular interactions, can be accounted for to calculate various average properties of macroscopic systems. The author emphasizes application of the fundamental principles outlined above to the calculation of a variety of thermodynamic properties, to the estimation of conversion efficiencies for work production by heat interactions, and to the solution of practical thermodynamic problems related to the behavior of non-ideal pure fluids and fluid mixtures, including phase equilibria and chemical reaction equilibria. The book contains detailed solutions to many challenging sample problems in classical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics that will help the reader crystallize the material taught. Class-tested and perfected over 30 years of use by nine-time Best Teaching Award recipient Professor Daniel Blankschtein of the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT, the book is ideal for students of Chemical and Mechanical Engineering, Chemistry, and Materials Science, who will benefit greatly from in-depth discussions and pedagogical explanations of key concepts. Distills critical concepts, methods, and applications from leading full-length textbooks, along with the author’s own deep understanding of the material taught, into a concise yet rigorous graduate and advanced undergraduate text; Enriches the standard curriculum with succinct, problem-based learning strategies derived from the content of 50 lectures given over the years in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT; Reinforces concepts covered with detailed solutions to illuminating and challenging homework problems. Table of ContentsLecture 1:Book Overview.- Lecture 2:Basic Concepts and Definitions.- Lecture 3:First Law - Closed Systems: Derivation.- Lecture 4:First Law - Closed Systems: Derivation, Solution to Sample Problem 1.- Lecture 5:First Law - Closed Systems: Solution to Sample Problem 1, Continued.- Lecture 6:First Law - Open Systems: Derivation, Solution to Sample Problem 2.- Lecture 7:Second-Law Concepts.- Lecture 8:Heat Engine, Carnot Efficiency.- Lecture 9:Entropy, Reversibility.- Lecture 10:The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Maximum Work.- Lecture 11:The Combined First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, Availability.- Lecture 12:Flow Work, Solution to Sample Problem 3.- Lecture 13:Fundamental Equations.- Lecture 14:Manipulation of Partial Derivatives.- Lecture 15:Gibbs Free Energy Formulation.- Lecture 16:Evaluation of Thermodynamic Data.- Lecture 17:Equation of State (EOS), Binodal, Spinodal, Critical Point.- Lecture 18:Principle of Corresponding States.- Lecture 19:Departure Functions.- Lecture 20:Review for Part I.-  .- Lecture 21:Extensive and Intensive Mixture Properties, Partial Molar Properties.- Lecture 22:Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relations for Mixtures, Calculation of Partial Molar Properties.- Lecture 23:Mixture EOS, Mixture Departure Functions, Ideal-Gas Mixtures, Ideal Solutions.- Lecture 24:Mixing Functions, Excess Functions.- Lecture 25:Fugacity, Fugacity Coefficient.- Lecture 26:Activity, Activity Coefficient.- Lecture 27:Criteria of Phase Equilibria, Gibbs Phase Rule.- Lecture 28:Applications of the Gibbs Phase Rule, Azeotrope.- Lecture 29:Differential Approach to Phase Equilibria, Pressure-Temperature-Composition Relations, Clausius-Clapeyron Equation.- Lecture 30:Integral Approach to Phase Equilibria, Composition Models.- Lecture 31:Chemical Equilibria: Stoichiometric Formulation.- Lecture 32:Equilibrium Constants for Gas-Phase and Condensed-Phase Reactions.- Lecture 33:Response of Chemical Reactions to Temperature, Le Chatelier’s Principle.- Lecture 34:Response of Chemical Reactions to Pressure, Applications.- Lecture 35:Gibbs Phase Rule for Chemically- Reacting Systems, Applications.- Lecture 36:Effect of Chemical Equilibrium on Thermodynamic Properties.- Lecture 37:Review for Part II.- Lecture 38:Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Canonical Ensemble, Probability and the Boltzmann Factor, Canonical Partition Function.- Lecture 39:Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties from the Canonical Partition Function, Treatment of Distinguishable and Indistinguishable Molecules.- Lecture 40:Translational, Vibrational, Rotational, and Electronic Partition Functions of Ideal Gases.- Lecture 41:Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases from the Partition Functions.- Lecture 42:Microcanonical Ensemble, Statistical Mechanical Definition and Interpretation of Entropy and Work.- Lecture 43:Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of the First, Second, and Third Laws of Thermodynamics.- .- Lecture 44:Grand Canonical Ensemble, Statistical Fluctuations.- Lecture 45:Classical Statistical Mechanics.- Lecture 46:Configurational Integral, Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the Virial Equation of State.- Lecture 47:Virial Coefficients in the Classical Limit, Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the van der Waals Equation of State.- Lecture 48:Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Chemical Equilibrium.- Lecture 49:Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Binary Mixtures.- Lecture 50:Review for Part III and Book Overview.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers papers on interactive and collaborative mobile learning environments, assessment, evaluation and research methods in mobile learning, mobile learning models, theory and pedagogy, open and distance mobile learning, life-long and informal learning using mobile devices, wearables and the Internet of Things, game-based learning, dynamic learning experiences, mobile systems and services for opening up education, mobile healthcare and training, case studies on mobile learning, and 5G network infrastructure. Today, interactive mobile technologies have become the core of many—if not all—fields of society. Not only do the younger generation of students expect a mobile working and learning environment, but also the new ideas, technologies and solutions introduced on a nearly daily basis also boost this trend. Discussing and assessing key trends in the mobile field were the primary aims of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL2019), which was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, from 31 October to 01 November 2019. Since being founded in 2006, the conference has been devoted to new approaches in interactive mobile technologies, with a focus on learning. The IMCL conferences have since become a central forum of the exchange of new research results and relevant trends, as well as best practices. The book’s intended readership includes policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, schoolteachers, further education lecturers, practitioners in the learning industry, etc.Table of ContentsA Framework for Developing a Set of Games for Children Diagnosed with Autism.- LinkLearn: Blockchain Technology As A Learning Tool.- New Era of the Nano-Electronic Devices – One of the Most Adaptive Learning Areas for the Next Period.- Open Source Online Conference System for Industry Experts Participation in Education.- Interactive TV And Music Education - Mobile Music Practices & Limitations: Learning Byzantine Music Online.- An Analysis For The Identification Of Use And Development Of Game Design Strategies For Early Childhood Learners.- Measuring knowledge gains in an m-learning intervention: The case of ChildConnect South Africa.- Measuring Uptake and Engagement in an m-learning Intervention: The Case of ChildConnect South Africa.- Development of a Classroom Response System: a Web-based approach used in SEPT.- Analysis of the Perception of Students of the Autonomous University of Baja California Sur for the use of m-learning environments in higher education.- Work-in-Progress: Development of a Framework for Incorporating Usability aspects with Digital Didactical Design for Mobile/Tablet based Learning in Pre-primary Education.- Promoting Authentic Student Assessment For STEM Project-Based Learning Activities.- Predictive Modelling Concerning Mobile Learning Advance.- Assessing Early Grade Mathematics Learner Outcomes Using m-Learning.- Users’ and Experts’ Evaluation of TARGET: a Serious Game for Mitigating Performance Enhancement Culture in Youth.- Poster: Exploring the Educational Affordances of an Academic Eportfolio for Engineer Students Through a Self-Regulated Learning Framework.- M-health as a Tool in the Cognitive Flexibility of the Elderly.- Critical categorization of Android and IOS Applications available for STEAM Education inEarly Childhood.- Museum exhibits that interact with students’ mobile devices. The case of Hellenic Maritime Museum.- Can Elementary Students Design Interactions And Learning Representations Of Educational Apps? The We!Design!Fractions Participatory Approach.- Pedagogical Considerations for Mobile-based Augmented Reality Learning Environments.- Machine learning & Deep learning: Recent Overview in Medical Care.- Learn to Code, an Interactive Application to Promote Mobile Student-Centred Learning.- Emerging Technologies and Augmented Reality in the development of Learning and Human Potential.- Level of Digital Literacies among Austrian College Students Assessed with an Online Survey.- A Gamefied Educational Network for Collaborative Learning.- Dynamic Mobile Student Response Approach.- Poster: The Use of a Virtual Personal Assistant (FENNChat) as a Platform for Providing Automated Responses to ODL Students’ Queries at UNISA.- Poster: Proposal of an Intelligent Model for Remote Tutoring.- A Comparative Study Of Augmented Reality Platforms For Building Educational Mobile Applications.- M-Learning: Are We Ready to Go Mobile?.- Framework For Automatic VPN Access To Remotely Discovered Resources.- Poster: Learn To Love My Grandchild Design With The User.- Enhancing Second Language Listening Skills through Smartphones: A Case Study.- Exposing Rural Indian Students to Mobile Assisted Language Learning: A Case Study.- How Can Facebook Use In Education Be Realized As Crowdsourcing Of Learning? An Exploration Of Junior, Senior And Graduates Working Together.- Concept of Digital Competences In-service Training Systems.- Means of Cyber Security Aspects Studying in Maritime Specialists Education.- Evaluating a Coaching MOOC Course to Support Dual Career of Athletes.- LoRa Technology Benefits in Educational Institutes.- Three IoT Wearables in Five European Cities! Reality and Perception.- Work-in-Progress: Designing an E-coaching System for Chronic Heart Failure Patients.- A Comparative Examination of AR and Video in Delivering Assembly Instructions.- Wearable E-textile As A Narrative Mediator For Enhancing Empathy In Moral Development.- RSSI Fingerprinting Techniques for Indoor Localization Datasets.- Mulsemedia Data Representation Based on Multi-Image Concept.- Cryptographic Systems And Threats In E-commerce.- Work in Progress. SportSWARES, Towards an Intelligent Way of Physical Training.- Greek Traditional Dances Capturing and a Kinematic Analysis Approach of the Greek Traditional Dance "Syrtos" (Terpsichore Project).- Educational Mobile Applications On Computational Thinking And Programming For Children Under 8 Years Old.- Work in Progress: GameLet: Readers’ Theater In Media-based Gamification For Reading Skills.- Students’ Experiences of Learning Mathematics Through Games Design.- A Serious Game for Amplifying Awareness on Multimodal Teaching: Game Design and Usability Study.- Smart Citizens for Smart Cities – A User Engagement Protocol for Citizen Participation.- ADDventurous Rhythmical Planet: A 3D Rhythm-based Serious Game for Social Skills Development of Children with ADHD.- The Design and Development of a Game-based approach to Entrepreneurship Education.- Interactive Serious Games for Cultural Heritage: A real-time Bouzouki Simulator for exploring the History and Sounds of Rebetiko Music.- Mobile Technologies Serious Games for the development of social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, in enhanced with Socially Assistive Robots interventions.- Creating Magic-Matt, an Interface to Transform Video Games to a Sports Experience.- “The Greek Steelbook (TGS)”: The Home Of Steelbook Presentations.- Poster: Determining a Network and Pedagogical Efficient Approach to Learning in Disruptive Environments.- Escape Room Game for Learning Digital Electronics in Vocational Education and Training (VET).- The e-Facilitator as a Key Player for Interactive Dissemination of STEAM Resources for e-Learning via Webinar.- Work-In-Progress: Interactive Lab Manuals and Videos for a Unit Operations Course.- Towards a Learning Analytics Dashboard for Collaborative Conversational Agent Activities in MOOCs.- Interactive Educational Practices & Distance Learning: A Small Connection with Mobile Learning and the Challenges of Deregulation in Connectivity.- Automatic Source Code Generation From OWL Pseudocode.- Gamifying Early Foreign Language learning: using Digital Storytelling and Augmented Reality to enhance vocabulary learning.- Ontology-Based System For Automatic SQL Exercise Generation.- Augmented Reality Application Based on Information Barcoding.- Work in Progress: The Impact Of The Project Onboardmed On Development Of Study Courses In Maritime Emergency Management.- An Approach for Supporting Space Orientation of the Blind Using Ontologically-Based Object Map.- Soupa And Integration Of Ontologies Verl For Conceptualizing Context In Ubiquitous Computing.- A Small Robotic Step for the Therapeutic Treatment of Mental Illnesses: the Breakthrough in Routines and Behaviour.- The Use of Gamification in Evaluating Children's Emotional Intelligence.- Using Gamification Based on Mobile Platform in Therapeutic Interventions for Children With Dyslexia.- Combined Approach to Diagnose ADHD: Gamifying Conners Rating Scale.- Using Gamification Based on Virtual Reality Mobile Platform for Treatment of Adults with Amblyopia.- Linear Programming Model Applied To The Optimization Of Nutritional Diets For Athletes.- White Blood Cells Detection and Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network.- Work-in-Progress: The Use of Big Data And Data Analytics in the Prevention, the Diagnosis and the Monitoring of Long-term Diseases.- An Interactive Augmented Reality Volume Rendering Mobile Application.- Design of an Accessible Web Portal for the Labor Insertion of people with blindness.- MassiveLearning: online masterclass course.- Touch Gesture Performance of Kindergarten Children on E-learning Applications: A Case Study in Sri Lanka.- Learning Diaries–A Valuable Companion of Mobile Learning for Higher Education in Software Engineering.- Kabelo’s Everyday Digital Play An Analysis of a ‘Small and Thick’ Ethnographic Portrait.- Use Of The Fractal Analysis Of Non-stationary Time Series In Mobile Foreign Exchange Trading For M-learning.- Work-In-Progress: SMART-WATER, a Νovel Τelemetry and Remote Control System Infrastructure for the Management of Water Consumption in Thessaloniki.- Educational Robotics For Creating Tangible Simulations: A Mixed Reality Space For Learning The Day/night Cycle.- TimeTracker App: Facilitating Migrants’ Engagement in their Second Language Learning.- “School – University – Industry” Cooperation “Cypress – National Instruments CLUB”.- PerFECt: A Performative Framework to Establish and Sustain Onlife Communities and its Use to Design a Mobile App to Extend a Digital Storytelling Platform with New Capabilities.-Exploring Impact of Olfactory Stimuli on User Performance on Mobile Platforms.- Building A Virtualized Cybersecurity Lab - Using Industry Support, Academic Programs And Open Source Solution For Setting-Up A Virtualized Cybersecurity Lab.- Work-in-Progress: Developing a Master Programme for Specialists in Industry 4.0.- "Teachers’ Perceptions Towards The Use of Mobile Augmented Reality: The Case of Greek Educators".- NavMusApp: Exploring the Instrumental Continuum.- Developing Communities of Practice to Maximize the Usability and Impact of Clean Sport Education in Europe: IMPACT Project.- A Fiber Wireless A-RoF/IFoF Uplink Transmission of up to 0.6Gb/s User Data Rate over a 32-element 60GHz Beam-steering Antenna for 5G Fronthaul Networks.- An eHealth-Care Driven Perspective on 5G Networks and Infrastructure.- 25 Gb/s Colorless Transmitter Based on Reflective Electroabsorption Modulator for Ultra-dense WDM-PON Application.- Challenges of Using Phased Array Antennas in Commercial Backhaul Equipment at 26 GHz.- Towards Intelligent Multi-Access Edge Computing Using Machine Learning.- Performance Analysis of NB-IoT Random Access Channel.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant research and standardization results in the area of wireless networking for Industrial IoT, covering both critical and massive connectivity. Most chapters in this book are intended to serve as short tutorials of particular topics, highlighting the main developments and ideas, as well as giving an outlook of the upcoming research challenges.The book is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on challenges, enablers and standardization efforts for reliable low-latency communication in Industrial IoT networks. The next part focuses on massive IoT, which requires cost- and energy-efficient technology components to efficiently connect a massive number of low-cost IoT devices. The third part covers three enabling technologies in the context of Industrial IoT: Security, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing. These enablers are applicable to both connectivity types, critical and massive IoT. The last part covers aspects of Industrial IoT related to connected transportation that are important in, for example, warehouse and port logistics, product delivery and transportation among industries. Presents a comprehensive guide to concepts and research challenges in wireless networking for Industrial IoT; Includes an introduction and overview of such topics as 3GPP standardization for Industrial IoT, Time Sensitive Networking, system dependability over wireless networks, energy-efficient wireless networks, IoT security, ML/AI for Industrial IoT and connected transportation systems; Features contributions by well-recognized experts from both academia and industry. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Categorization of IoT, main KPIs.- Part I: Wireless IoT Systems.- Intelligent Transport System.- Wireless Isochronous Real Time networks/Industrial control networks.- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks.- Part II: IoT communication.- Traffic modelling and measurement framework for IoT.- Random access for IoT.- Part III: Technologies for Massive IoT.- Massive IIoT LPWAN systems.- Energy efficient massive IoT.- Data centric solutions for IioT.- Part IV: Technologies for Critical and Broadband IoT.- Approaches for improved reliability in Industrial environment.- Application of Multi-Access Edge Computing in Industry 4.0.- Security challenges in critical IoT.- Machine Learning/AI as IoT enablers.- Channel models in industrial scenarios.- Time Sensitive Networking for wireless industrial control networks.- Network Slicing for IIoT.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores major bioethical issues emerging from the development and use of artificial intelligence in medical settings. The authors start by defining the past, present and future of artificial intelligence in medical settings and then proceed to address the resulting common and specific bioethical inquiries. The book discusses bioethical inquiries in two separate sets. The first set is comprised of ontological discussions mainly focusing on personhood and being an ethical agent of an artefact. The second set discusses bioethical issues resulting from the use of artificial intelligence. It focuses particularly on the area of artificial intelligence use in medicine and health services. It addresses the main challenges by considering fundamental principles of medical ethics, including confidentiality, privacy, compassion, veracity and fidelity. Finally, the authors discuss the ethical implications of involvement of artificial intelligence agents in patient care by expanding on communication skills in a case-based approach. The book is of great interest to ethicists, medical professionals, academicians, engineers and scientists working with artificial intelligence.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. What is Artificial Intelligence?.- 2.1. Definitions.- 2.2. History.- 2.3. State of play and future prospects.- 3. Bioethical inquiries about artificial intelligence.- 3.1. Bioethical issues common to weak and strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2. Bioethical issues resulting from strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2.1. Ontological discussions.- 3.2.2. Consequential discussions.- 4. Medicine and artificial intelligence.- 4.1. Use of artificial in health services.- 4.2. Main challenges in medical ethics.- 4.2.1. Confidentiality and privacy.- 4.2.2. Compassion, veracity and fidelity.- 4.2.3. Communication skills and case based approach.- 5. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisWhat does the proliferation of food festival tell us about rural areas? How can these celebrations pave the way to a better future for the local communities? This book is addressing these questions contributing to the ongoing debate about the future of rural peripheries in Europe.The volume is based on the ethnographic research conducted in Italy, a country internationally known for its food tradition and one of the European countries where the gap between rural and urban space is most pronounced. It offers an anthropological analysis of food festivals, exploring the transformational role they have to change and develop rural communities. Although the festivals aim mostly at tourism, they contribute in a wider way to the life of the rural communities, acting as devices through which a community redefines itself, reinforces its sociality, reshapes the perception and use of the surrounding environment. In so doing, thus, the books suggests to read the festivals not just as celebrations driven by food fashion, but rather fundamental grassroots instruments to contrast the effects of rural marginalization and pave the way to a possible better future for the communityTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Rural marginality and its development.- Chapter 2: Food festivals and the Italian foodscape.- Chapter 3: Food festivals as identity devices.- Chapter 4: Food festivals as political devices.- Chapter 5: Food festivals as economic devices.- Chapter 6: Conclusions: Food festivals as development devices.

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Book SynopsisRadio and radar astronomy are powerful tools when studying the wonders of the universe, yet they tend to mystify amateur astronomers. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to newcomers, containing everything you need to start observing at radio wavelengths.Written by a mechanical engineer who has actually built and operated the tools described, the book contains a plethora of tested advice and practical resources. This revised edition of the original 2014 book Getting Started in Radio Astronomy provides a complete overview of the latest technology and research, including the newest models and equipment on the market as well as an entirely new section on radio astronomy with software-defined radios (SDRs). Four brand-new beginner projects are included, including bouncing a radar signal off the Moon, detecting the aurora, and tuning into the downlink radio used by astronauts aboard the ISS. Requiring no previous knowledge, no scary mathematics, and no expensive equipment, the book will serve as a fun and digestible reference for any level of astronomers hoping to expand their skills into the radio spectrum.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisA unique feature of this open access textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This fourth edition has been updated and revised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of things (IoT), the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Specifications and Modeling.- Chapter 3. Embedded System Hardware.- Chapter 4. System Software.- Chapter 5. Evaluation and Validation.- Chapter 6. Application Mapping.- Chapter 7. Optimization.- Chapter 8. Test.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a true A to Z of recorded sound, from its inception to the present day, outlining how technologies, techniques, and social attitudes have changed things, noting what is good and what is less good. The author starts by discussing the physics of sound generation and propagation. He then moves on to outline the history of recorded sound and early techniques and technologies, such as the rise of multi-channel tape recorders and their impact on recorded sound. He goes on to debate live sound versus recorded sound and why there is a difference, particularly with classical music. Other topics covered are the sound of real instruments and how that sound is produced and how to record it; microphone techniques and true stereo sound; digital workstations, sampling, and digital media; and music reproduction in the home and how it has changed. The author wraps up the book by discussing where we should be headed for both popular and classical music recording and reproduction, the role of the Audio Engineer in the 21st century, and a brief look at technology today and where it is headed. This book is ideal for anyone interested in recorded sound. “[Julian Ashbourn] strives for perfection and reaches it through his recordings… His deep knowledge of both technology and music is extensive and it is with great pleasure that I see he is passing this on for the benefit of others. I have no doubt that this book will be highly valued by many in the music industry, as it will be by me.” -- Claudio Di Meo, Composer, Pianist and Principal Conductor of The Kensington Philharmonic Orchestra, The Hemel Symphony Orchestra and The Lumina ChoirTable of ContentsIntroduction.- How the war changed audio.- The V record label for US troops.- Stereo sound, multi-channel sound, film sound and more.- The physics of sound.- The advent of tape and moving coil microphones.- The development of microphone techniques.- Multi-channel Tape recorders.- The advent of the Big Studios.- The record business.- The Maverick producers and freelance engineers.- The big time with 24 track everywhere and heaps of signal processing.- How the technology changed the music.- Classical music recording is effectively broken by the technology.- Digital arrives, but something is not right.- A to D and D to A convertors and compressors in the digital domain.- High resolution Digital recording and re-sampling.- Lossless compression.- The revolution in playback technology.- The social revolution in consumed music.- The change in musicians.- How to do things properly.- The use of Digital Audio Workstations and the impact on music.- Why recordings sound worse now than they did in the 50s and 60s.- Music and Civilisation and why it is important.- Where is the future archive for serious music being produced now.- Are advances in technology always good.- Teaching Audio Engineers.- The future.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a systematic approach to the management of physical assets from concept to disposal, building upon the previous editions and brought up-to-date with the new international standards ISO55002 and ISO/TS50010. It introduces the general principles of physical asset management and covers all stages of the asset management process, including initial business appraisal, identification of physical asset needs, capability gap analysis, financial evaluation, logistic support analysis, life cycle costing, strategic asset management planning, maintenance strategy, outsourcing, cost-benefit analysis, disposal and renewal. Features include: providing a textbook for asset management courses to university level; relating closely to the ISO55000 international asset management standard series; providing a basis for the establishment of physical asset management as a professional discipline; and presenting case studies, analytical techniques and numerical examples with solutions. Written for practitioners and students in asset management, this book provides an essential foundation to the topic. It is suitable for an advanced undergraduate or postgraduate course in asset management and also offers an ideal reference text for engineers and managers specializing in asset management, reliability, maintenance, logistics or systems engineering. Table of ContentsIntroduction to Asset Management.- Structure and Activities.- Asset Management Personnel.- From Concept to Project Approval.- Financial Methods.- Developing a Business Case.- Implementing Development Plans.- Life Cycle Planning and Costing.- Know Your Assets.- Asset Continuity Planning.- Strategic Asset Management Planning.- Capital Planning and Budget.- Asset Management.- Information Systems.- Cost-Benefit Analysis.- Risk Analysis and Risk Management.- Outsourcing.- Logistic Support.- Asset Basic Care.- Maintenance Organization and Budget.- Stock Control.- Reliability, Availability, Maintainability.- Safety.- Profit, Depreciation and Tax.- Asset Decision Examples.- Economic Life.- Equipment Replacement Decisions.- Further Financial Topics.- Performance, Audit and Review.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the concept of software architecture as one of the cornerstones of software in modern cars. Following a historical overview of the evolution of software in modern cars and a discussion of the main challenges driving that evolution, Chapter 2 describes the main architectural styles of automotive software and their use in cars’ software. Chapter 3 details this further by presenting two modern architectural styles, i.e. centralized and federated software architectures. In Chapter 4, readers will find a description of the software development processes used to develop software on the car manufacturers’ side. Chapter 5 then introduces AUTOSAR – an important standard in automotive software. Chapter 6 goes beyond simple architecture and describes the detailed design process for automotive software using Simulink, helping readers to understand how detailed design links to high-level design. The new chapter 7 reports on how machine learning is exploited in automotive software e.g. for image recognition and how both on-board and off-board learning are applied. Next, Chapter 8 presents a method for assessing the quality of the architecture – ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method) – and provides a sample assessment, while Chapter 9 presents an alternative way of assessing the architecture, namely by using quantitative measures and indicators. Subsequently Chapter 10 dives deeper into one of the specific properties discussed in Chapter 8 – safety – and details an important standard in that area, the ISO/IEC 26262 norm. Lastly, Chapter 11 presents a set of future trends that are currently emerging and have the potential to shape automotive software engineering in the coming years. This book explores the concept of software architecture for modern cars and is intended for both beginning and advanced software designers. It mainly aims at two different groups of audience – professionals working with automotive software who need to understand concepts related to automotive architectures, and students of software engineering or related fields who need to understand the specifics of automotive software to be able to construct cars or their components. Accordingly, the book also contains a wealth of real-world examples illustrating the concepts discussed and requires no prior background in the automotive domain. Compared to the first edition, besides the two new chapters 3 and 7 there are considerable updates in chapters 5 and 8 especially.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2. Software Architectures—Views and Documentation.- 3. Contemporary Software Architectures: Federated and Centralized.- 4. Automotive Software Development.- 5. AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture).- 6. Detailed Design of Automotive Software.- 7. Machine Learning in Automotive Software.- 8. Evaluation of Automotive Software Architectures.- 9. Metrics for Software Design and Architectures.- 10. Functional Safety of Automotive Software.- 11. Current Trends in Automotive Software Architectures.- 12 Summary.

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Book SynopsisThis book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.Table of Contents1 Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview2 Strategies for engineering photosynthesis for enhanced plant biomass production3 Green super rice (GSR) traits: Breeding and genetics for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice4 Advances in two-line heterosis breeding in rice via the temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility system5 Growing rice with less water: improving productivity by decreasing water demand6 Crop establishment in direct-seeded rice: traits, physiology and genetics7 Genetics and Breeding of Heat Tolerance in Rice8 Genetics and Breeding of Low-temperature stress tolerance in rice 9 Arsenic stress responses and accumulation in rice10 Molecular approaches for Disease Resistance in Rice11 Molecular approaches for insect pest management in rice12 Doubled Haploids in Rice improvement: Approaches, Applications and Future prospects13 Zinc-biofortified rice: a sustainable food-based product for fighting zinc malnutrition14 Biofortification of Rice Grains for Increased Iron Content

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Book SynopsisThis textbook shall introduce the students to 3D cell culture approaches and applications. An overview on existing techniques and equipment is provided and insight into various aspects and challenges that researchers need to consider and face during culture of 3D cells is given. The reader will learn the importance of physiological cell, tissue and organ models and gains important knowledge on 3D analytics. This textbook deepens selected aspects of the textbook “Cell Culture Technology”, which also is published in this series, while offering extended insight into 3D cell culture. The concept of the textbook encompasses various lectures ranging from basics in cell cultivation, tissue engineering, biomaterials and biocompatibility, in vitro test systems and regenerative medicine. The textbook addresses Master- and PhD students interested and/or working in the field of modern cell culture applications and will support the understanding of the essential strategies in 3D cell culture and waken awareness for the potentials and challenges of this application.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to 3D cell culture.- Chapter 2. Lab equipment for 3D cell culture.- Chapter 3. A view from the cellular perspective.- Chapter 4. Biological, natural and synthetic 3D matrices.- Chapter 5. Hydrogels for 3D cell culture.- Chapter 6. Vascularization in 3D cell culture.- Chapter 7. Application of scaffold-free 3D models.- Chapter 8. 10. Microfluidic Systems and Organ (Human) on a Chip.- Chapter 9. 3D-Bioprinting.- Chapter 10. Non-destructive and label-free monitoring of 3D cell constructs.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the state-of-the-art in supercomputer simulation. It includes the latest findings from leading researchers using systems from the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) in 2019. The reports cover all fields of computational science and engineering ranging from CFD to computational physics and from chemistry to computer science with a special emphasis on industrially relevant applications. Presenting findings of one of Europe’s leading systems, this volume covers a wide variety of applications that deliver a high level of sustained performance.The book covers the main methods in high-performance computing. Its outstanding results in achieving the best performance for production codes are of particular interest for both scientists and engineers. The book comes with a wealth of color illustrations and tables of results.Table of ContentsPart 1, Physics.- Part 2, Solid State Physics.- Part 3, Chemistry.- Part 4, Material Science.- Part 5, Reactive Flows.- Part 6, Computational Fluid Dynamics.- Part 7, Transport and Climate.- Part 8, Computer Science.- Part 9, Miscellaneous Topics.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the state of the art in High Performance Computing on modern supercomputer architectures. It addresses trends in hardware and software development in general. The contributions cover a broad range of topics, from performance evaluations in context with power efficiency to Computational Fluid Dynamics and High Performance Data Analytics. In addition, they explore new topics like the use of High Performance Computers in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. All contributions are based on selected papers presented at the 30th Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance (WSSP) held at the High Performance Computing Center, University of Stuttgart, Germany in October 2019 and on the papers for the planned Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance in March 2020, which could not take place due to the Covid-19 pandemic.Table of ContentsPerformance and Power.- Numeric and Optimization.- Data Handling and New Concepts.- Trends in HPC and AI.

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Book SynopsisThis undergraduate textbook first introduces basic electronic circuitry before explaining more advanced elements such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit, sequential circuits, and finally microprocessors. In keeping with this integrated and graduated approach, the authors then explain the relationship to first assembly programming, then higher-level languages, and finally computer organisation. Authors use the Raspberry Pi and ARM microprocessors for their explanationsThe material has been extensively class tested at TU Eindhoven by an experienced team of lecturers and researchers. This is a modern, holistic treatment of well-established topics, valuable for undergraduate students of computer science and electronics engineering and for self-study. The authors use the Raspberry Pi and ARM microprocessors for their explanations.Table of ContentsBasic Components and Combinatorial Circuits.- Numbers, Basic Circuits, and the ALU.- Sequential Circuits.- An Elementary Processor.- Assembly Programming.- Compiling Higher-Level Languages.- Computer Organisation.- The Raspberry Pi and the ARM Processor.- App. A, An Extended Instruction Set for the Simple Processor.- App. B, The ARM Instruction Set.- App. C, Syntax of the Register Transfer Language.- App. D, Exercise Answers.

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Book SynopsisThis book applies an economic and environmental perspective to the history of landscape and the rural economy, highlighting their inter-connections through specific case studies. After explaining how the author made his discoveries and when they started, it analyses relations between documentary and landscape evidence. It is based on exceptional first-hand observation of a dozen sites and close consideration of topics in the ecological and economic history of southern England. They range from reclaiming chalk down-land, occupying low-lying heaths and reconstructing parkland, to wool-stapling and the manufacture of gunstocks for the African slave trade. Additional themes include the tension between ecology and institutions in decisions about the location of economic activity; the decay of communal farming ahead of enclosure; and other interesting puzzles in rural economic history. This book offers an original approach to questions in economic history through its synthesis of different types of evidence. It will be of interest to a diverse range of readers because it addresses how economic change was registered in the landscape, and how that change was influenced by landscape. It is a book with highly original features, contributing simultaneously to economic, agricultural, environmental, and landscape history. Table of ContentsPart 1. Preliminaries.- Chapter 1. Strategic Locations.- Chapter 2. Sources: Artefacts.- Chapter 3. Sources: Documents.- Chapter 4. Post-war Time Shift.- Part Two: Localities.- Chapter 5. Chalk Downs.- Chapter 6. Heathland.- Chapter 7. Lot Meads.- Chapter 8. Drove Roads.- Chapter 9. Colonising the Hill Country.- Chapter 10. Parkland.- Chapter 11. Resources: Fodder.- Chapter 12. Resources: Wool & Wood.- Chapter 13. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art research, challenges and solutions in the area of human–robot collaboration (HRC) in manufacturing. It enables readers to better understand the dynamic behaviour of manufacturing processes, and gives more insight into on-demand adaptive control techniques for industrial robots.With increasing complexity and dynamism in today’s manufacturing practice, more precise, robust and practical approaches are needed to support real-time shop-floor operations. This book presents a collection of recent developments and innovations in this area, relying on a wide range of research efforts.The book is divided into five parts. The first part presents a broad-based review of the key areas of HRC, establishing a common ground of understanding in key aspects. Subsequent chapters focus on selected areas of HRC subject to intense recent interest. The second part discusses human safety within HRC. The third, fourth and fifth parts provide in-depth views of relevant methodologies and algorithms. Discussing dynamic planning and monitoring, adaptive control and multi-modal decision making, the latter parts facilitate a better understanding of HRC in real situations. The balance between scope and depth, and theory and applications, means this book appeals to a wide readership, including academic researchers, graduate students, practicing engineers, and those within a variety of roles in manufacturing sectors.Table of ContentsPart I: Literature Survey.- Current Status in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly.- Latest Developments of Gesture Recognition for Human-Robot Collaboration.- Challenges and Characteristics of Safety for Human-Robot Collaborative Systems.- Part II: Human Safety in Human-Robot Collaboration.- Real-Time Collision and Detection and Collision Avoidance.- Collision-Free Dynamic Robot Trajectory Planning.- Zone-Based Robot Control for Safe Collaboration with Robots.- Part III: Dynamic Planning and Monitoring.- Resource Availability and Capability Monitoring.- Dynamic Assembly Planning and Task Assignment.- Cockpit: A Portal for Symbiotic Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly.- Human-Robot Collaborative Workcell Calibration and Control.- Part IV: Adaptive Robot Control.- Drag&Bot: A Toolbox for Assembly Process Encapsulation.- A Programming-Free Approach for Robot Control Based on Function Blocks.- Sensorless Haptic Control for Physical Human-Robot Interactions.- Part V: Multimodal Decision Support.- Human Worker Tracking and Identification in Dynamic Human-Robot Collaborative Environments.- Multimodal Communication with Robots and Decision Support to Humans.- A Real-World Case Study on Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly

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Book SynopsisThis book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations. The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as sensor and ICT based technologies for the betterment of people, Technologies for agriculture and healthcare, micro and nano technological applications.This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.Table of ContentsProvisional ToC Volume 1: Part 1. Sensor, Image and Data Driven Societal Technologies Part 2. Holistic Approach for Sustainable Technologies Part 3. Advanced Technologies for Water, Energy, Transportation, Housing and Sanitation Part 4. Chemical and Physical Processes

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Book SynopsisThis edited open access book presents the comprehensive outcome of The European DataBio Project, which examined new data-driven methods to shape a bioeconomy. These methods are used to develop new and sustainable ways to use forest, farm and fishery resources. As a European initiative, the goal is to use these new findings to support decision-makers and producers – meaning farmers, land and forest owners and fishermen.With their 27 pilot projects from 17 countries, the authors examine important sectors and highlight examples where modern data-driven methods were used to increase sustainability. How can farmers, foresters or fishermen use these insights in their daily lives? The authors answer this and other questions for our readers. The first four parts of this book give an overview of the big data technologies relevant for optimal raw material gathering. The next three parts put these technologies into perspective, by showing useable applications from farming, forestry and fishery. The final part of this book gives a summary and a view on the future.With its broad outlook and variety of topics, this book is an enrichment for students and scientists in bioeconomy, biodiversity and renewable resources.Table of ContentsTerms, Acronyms and Abbreviations Foreword (PO or Director Data at European Commission- DG CONNECT) Introduction to the book and the project & acknowledgements (Editors, Thanasis) Part I – Technological Foundation: Big Data Technologies for BioIndustries Chapter 1: State of the art of technology and market potential (Caj Södergård/VTT et al) Chapter 2: Standards (Ingo Simonis/OGC et al) Chapter 3 : Sensor Data (Savvas Rogotis/NP et al) Chapter 4: Geospatial Data (Eva Klien /Fraunhofer et al) Chapter 5: Crowdsourced Data (Karel Charvat/Lespro) Chapter 6 : Genomics Data (Ephrem Habyarimana /CREA et al) Chapter 7: Integrating data sources with Linked Data (Christian Zinke-Wehlmann/Infai et al) Chapter 8: Linked Data usages in DataBio (Christian Zinke-Wehlmann/Infai et al) Chapter 9: Data Pipelines: Modelling and Evaluation of models (Kais Chaabouni)/Softeam et al Chapter 10: Data Analytics and Machine Learning (Pekka Siltanen/VTT et al) Chapter 11: Real Time Data Processing (Fabiana Fournier/IBM, et al) Chapter 12: Privacy Preserving Analytics, Processing and Data Management (Baldur Kubo/Cybernetica) Chapter 13: Data Visualisation (Eva Klien/Fraunhofer et al) Part II – Applications in Agriculture Chapter 14: What is Smart Agriculture (Ephrem Habyarimana/CREA, Christian Zinke-Wehlmann/Infai) Chapter 15: NP’s Smart farming pilots (Savvas Rogotis/NP). Chapter 16: Big Data assets applied to the calculation of Irrigation needs in large scale Irrigation Communities (Iluminada Sevilla/Tragsa et al) Chapter 17: Genomics Biomass pilots (Ephrem Habyarimana/CREA et al) Chapter 18: Yield estimation in Sorghum and Cultivated Potato (Ephrem Habyarimana/CREA, Nicole Bartelds/NB Advies) Chapter 19: Yield variability mapping (Karel Charvat, Lespro et al) Chapter 20: Farm Weather Insurance Assessment (Antonella Catucci/e-Geos). Chapter 21: Copernicus Data and CAP Subsidies Control (Olimpia Copăcenaru /Terrasigna et al) Chapter 22: Future vision, Summary and Outlook Part III – Applications in Forestry Chapter 23: State of the art of technology and market potential (Jukka Miettinen/VTT) Chapter 24: Finnish Forest Data based Metsään.fi-services (Virpi Stenman/Metsäkeskus) Chapter 25: Forest variable estimation and change monitoring by Big Data remote sensing ( Jukka Miettinen/VTT et al) Chapter 26: Monitoring Forest Health: Big Data applied to diseases and plagues control (María Jose Checa et al/Tragsa) Chapter 27: Forest damage monitoring for the bark beetle (Petr Lukeš/ FMI) Chapter 28: Future Vision, Summary of Big Data in Forestry (Jukka Miettinen/VTT et al) Part IV – Applications in Fishery Chapter 29: State of the art of technology and market potential (Karl-Johan Reite /SINTEF et al) Chapter 30: Tuna Fisheries (Iñaki Quincoces/AZTI et al) Chapter 31: Small pelagic fisheries (K.G.A/SINTEF et al) Chapter 32: Future Vision, Summary and Outlook (Josean Fernandes/AZTI et al) Part V – Summary and Outlook Chapter 33: Summary of Potential of Big Data Technology Chapter 34: Outreach, Perspective, Exploitation Chapter 35: How can I apply Big Data?

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Book SynopsisThis textbook addresses the core issues facing economists concerning price determination in commodity markets, especially food and agricultural commodities. This book hones in on the conceptual basis of the various relationships, with special emphasis on market interrelationships, both horizontally and vertically. This book covers key concepts such as consumer demand theory; quality, heterogeneous goods, and cross section demand; derived demand, marketing margins, and relationship between output and raw material prices; retail-to-farm demand linkages, imperfect competition, and short-run price determination; dynamic consumer demand; and dynamic models of the firm.What makes this textbook of particular use to students is its focus on bridging the gap between theory and empirical analysis. Going from theory to empirics requires that we have data—time series or cross section—that match the theoretical constructs. Often the data match is not perfect, either by definition or how the data are computed. In addition to problems of matching data with theoretical constructs, students and researchers need to know how to specify, estimate, and interpret results within the context of imperfect and often incomplete data. This textbook uses several data sets to illustrate how one might address problems in real-world settings. Furthermore, with exercises at the end of each chapter, students are able to test themselves on their ability to bring theory to life.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Consumer Demand: Theory.- 3. Consumer Demand: Separability and Commodity Aggregation.- 4. Consumer Demand: Empirical Analysis I.- 5. Consumer Demand: Empirical Analysis II.- 6. Quality, Heterogeneous Goods, and Cross Section Demand.- 7. Derived Demand, Marketing Margins, and Relationship between Output and Raw Material Prices.- 8. Retail-to-Farm Demand Linkages, Imperfect Competition, and Short-Run Price Determination.- 9. Dynamic Consumer Demand.- 10. Dynamic Models of the Firm.

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Book SynopsisThis updated text collects all the introductory aspects of beer brewing science into one place for undergraduate brewing science courses. This expansive and detailed work is written in conversational style, walking students through all the brewing basics from the origin and history of beer to the brewing process to post-brew packaging and quality control and assurance. As an introductory text, this book assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of brewing science and only limited experience with chemistry, biology and physics. The text provides students with all the necessary details of brewing science using a multidisciplinary approach, with a thorough and well-defined program of in-chapter and end-of-chapter problems. As students solve these problems, they will learn how scientists think about beer and brewing and develop a critical thinking approach to addressing concerns in brewing science. As a truly comprehensive introduction to brewing science, Brewing Science: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Second Edition walks students through the entire spectrum of the brewing process. The different styles of beer, the molecular makeup and physical parameters, and how those are modified to provide different flavors are listed. All aspects of the brewery process, from the different setup styles to sterility to the presentation of the final product, are outlined in full. All the important brewing steps and techniques are covered in meticulous detail, including malting, mashing, boiling, fermenting and conditioning. Bringing the brewing process full circle, this text covers packaging aspects for the final product as well, focusing on everything from packaging technology to quality control. Students are also pointed to the future, with coverage of emerging flavor profiles, styles and brewing methods. Each chapter in this textbook includes a sample of related laboratory exercises designed to develop a student’s capability to critically think about brewing science. These exercises assume that the student has limited or no previous experience in the laboratory. The tasks outlined explore key topics in each chapter based on typical analyses that may be performed in the brewery. Such exposure to the laboratory portion of a course of study will significantly aid those students interested in a career in brewing science.Table of ContentsChapter 1 – Introduction to Brewing Science 1.1 Science and the Brewer 1.1.1 The Scientific Method 1.2 What is Beer? 1.3 Some Common Conventions 1.3.1 Volume 1.3.2 Temperature 1.3.3 Weight 1.4 Yes Virginia, Beer contains Alcohol 1.5 A Short History of Beer in the World 1.5.1 The Very Early Years (pre-historic to Romans) 1.5.2 Beer in Europe before 1500 1.5.3 Colonization and the New World 1.5.4 Beer in Post-1700 Europe 1.5.5 Beer in the Far East 1.6 Beer in the United States 1.6.1 Beer unites the nation 1.6.2 Expansion across the west 1.6.3 Temperance and Prohibition 1.6.4 Prohibition in the US 1.6.5 Post-prohibition 1.6.6 Returning to the home 1.7 The Current Market for Beer Laboratory Exercises Familiarization with laboratory measurements Exploring the Internet Chapter 2 – Beer Styles 2.1 Judging Beer 2.1.1 Beer Styles 2.1.2 Conforming to a Style 2.2 Parameters that Classify a Beer Style 2.2.1 Physical Parameters 2.3 Common Beer Styles 2.3.1 Lagers 2.3.1.1 European Lagers 2.3.1.2 English Lagers 2.3.1.3 American Lagers 2.3.1.4 Other Lagers 2.3.2 Ales 2.3.2.1 European Ales 2.3.2.2 English, Scottish and Irish Ales 2.3.2.3 American Ales 2.3.3 Hybrids (talk about Calif. Common, etc…) 2.4 Historical Beer Styles 2.5 How to Sample and Taste Beer 2.5.1 Beer Glasses 2.5.2 Serving Temperature 2.5.3 Sampling and Tasting Laboratory Exercises Density measurements SRM Determination Chapter 3 – Molecules and Other Matters 3.1 The Atom 3.1.1 Compounds 3.2 Laws that Govern Atoms, Molecules, and Ionic Compounds 3.3 The World of Carbon-Containing Molecules 3.3.1 Basic Functional Groups in Brewing 3.3.2 Amino acid polymers 3.3.3 Drawing Organic Molecules 3.3.4 Naming Organic Molecules 3.4 Reactions of Organic Molecules 3.4.1 Oxidation and Reduction 3.4.2 Condensation Reactions 3.4.3 Isomerization Reactions 3.4.4 Radical Reactions 3.4.5 Maillard Reactions Laboratory Exercises Building models in 3-D Chapter 4 – Overview of the Brewing Process 4.1 Overview of the Process 4.1.1 Agriculture 4.1.2 Malting 4.1.3 Milling 4.1.4 Mashing 4.1.5 Lautering and Sparging 4.1.6 Boiling 4.1.7 Fermentation 4.1.8 Maturation 4.1.9 Filtration 4.1.10 Packaging 4.2 Cleaning and Sterilizing 4.3 Inputs and Outputs 4.3.1 Water 4.3.2 Grains and Malts 4.3.3 Hops 4.3.4 Yeast 4.3.5 Finished product Laboratory Exercises Sketch the overview Research on Barley Chapter 5 – Malting and Water 5.1 Biology of Barley 5.1.1 The Barley Corn 5.1.2 Barley and the Farmer 5.1.3 Barley Diseases and Pests 5.1.4 Sorting and Grading 5.2 Malting Barley 5.2.1 Germination of Barley 5.2.2 Equipment used in Malting 5.2.3 Problems Arising from Malting 5.3 Maillard Reactions 5.4 Water – the most important ingredient 5.4.1 Types of water 5.4.1.1 Aquifers 5.4.1.2 Brewery Water 5.4.2 What’s in the water? 5.4.2.1 Cations in water 5.4.2.2 Anions in water 5.4.2.3 Reactions in water 5.4.3 pH 5.4.3.1 Residual Alkalinity Laboratory Exercises Germination of barley Chapter 6 – Milling and Mashing 6.1 Milling 6.1.1 Purpose of milling 6.1.2 Equipment used in milling 6.2 Purpose of mashing 6.3 Equipment used in Mashing 6.3.1 Cereal Cookers 6.3.2 Mash Mixer and Mash Kettles 6.3.3 Mash Tun 6.3.4 Processes in Mashing 6.4 Enzymes and what they are 6.5 Chemistry while Resting 6.5.1 Starch 6.5.1 Phytase 6.5.2 Glucanase 6.5.3 Proteases and peptidases 6.5.4 Alpha-amylase 6.5.5 Beta-amylase 6.5.6 Mashout 6.6 Efficiency of Extraction 6.6.1 Efficiency Calculations 6.6.2 Mash pH 6.6.3 Mash Thickness Laboratory Exercises The Effect of Temperature and pH on Mashing Efficiency Chapter 7 – Lautering and Sparging 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Fluid physics: Static case 7.2.1 Pressure 7.2.2 Pascal’s Law 7.3 Fluid Physics: Dynamic case 7.3.1 Conservation of mass: the continuity equation 7.3.2: Bernoulli’s principle and laminar flow 7.3.3 Pressure and Hydraulic Head 7.3.4 Head and Pump Dynamics. 7.3.5 Darcy’s Law and laminar flow in porous media 7.4 Equipment used in Sparging and Lautering 7.4.1 Batch Sparging 7.4.2 Fly Sparging 7.4.3 Mash Filter 7.5 When do we stop sparging? Laboratory Exercises Exploring Darcy’s law Chapter 8 – Boiling 8.1 Why Boil the Wort? 8.2 The Equipment of the Boil 8.2.1 Metals and Heating 8.2.2 Corrosion 8.2.3 Methods for Heating 8.2.4 Direct Fire Vessels 8.2.5 Calandria 8.2.6 Other Heating Systems 8.3 Heat and Temperature 8.3.1 Types of Energy 8.4 Heat Capacity and Heat Transfer 8.4.1 Phase Transition – Boiling 8.4.2 Power 8.5 Hops in the Boil 8.5.1 The hop flower revisited 8.5.2 Hop Oil Constituents 8.5.3 Modified Hop Oils Laboratory Exercises Hop Tea and Identifying Flavors Determination of Percent Hop Acids in Hops. Determination of Wort Viscosity during Boil. Chapter 9 – Cooling and Fermenting 9.0 Setting the Stage 9.1 Wort Chilling 9.1.1 Heat Exchangers 9.1.2 Multiple stage heat exchangers 9.2 Equipment used in Fermentation 9.2.1 Refrigeration 9.2.1.1 Introductory Thermodynamics. State variables and processes. 9.2.1.2 Internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics 9.2.1.3 Thermodynamic Processes 9.2.1.4 Reversible and irreversible processes in thermodynamics 9.2.1.5 The most efficient cycle: The Carnot cycle. 9.2.1.6 Type of refrigerants. 9.2.1.7 Mechanical implementation of refrigeration. Glycol circulation. 9.2.2 Fermenters, CCV, round squares. 9.2.2.1 Aeration and pressure effects 9.3 Yeast 9.3.1 Yeast Morphology 9.3.2 Yeast Metabolism 9.3.2.1 Aerobic Conditions 9.3.2.2 Anaerobic Conditions 9.3.2.3 Effects on metabolism 9.3.3 Products of Yeast Laboratory Exercises The Effect of Sugars on Fermentation Chapter 10 – Maturation and Carbonation 10.1 The purpose of maturation 10.1.1 Secondary fermentation 10.1.2 Warm maturation 10.1.3 Cold maturation 10.1.4 Other adjustments 10.2 Equipment Used in Maturation 10.2.1 Horizontal versus Vertical 10.2.2 Cask Conditioning 10.3 Carbonation 10.3.1 The principles of carbonation 10.3.2 Equipment used to Carbonate 10.3.2.1 Inline methods 10.3.2.2 Online methods 10.3.3 Issues with Carbonation Laboratory Exercises Diacetyl Determination in Beer Adjusting the Color Chapter 11 – Clarification and Filtration 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Colloids and Colloidal Stability 11.2.1 What is a colloid? 11.2.2 Formation in beer 11.2.3 Turbidity Measurements 11.2.4 Shelf-life 11.3 Clarification 11.3.1 During Boiling 11.3.2 During Fermentation 11.3.3 During Maturation 11.4 Filtration 11.4.1 Principles of filtration 11.4.2 Filtration equipment 11.4.2.1 The Sheet Filter 11.4.2.2 The Lenticular Filter 11.4.2.3 Powder Filters (Candle, Leaf, and Plate&Frame Filters) 11.4.2.4 Crossflow Filters 11.4.3 Issues with Filtration 11.4.3.1 Product Safety Hazards 11.4.3.2 Product Quality Hazards 11.4.3.3 Operator Safety Hazards Chapter 12 – Packaging 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Carbonation and Other Gases 12.2.1 Pressure Loss in Transferring Liquids 12.2.2 Temperature Increases during production 12.2.3 Other Gases used in “carbonation” 12.3 Packaging 12.3.1 Small Pack 12.3.1.1 Bottles 12.3.1.2 Cans 12.3.1.3 Plastic 12.3.2 Large Pack 12.4 Pasteurization 12.4.1 Tunnel Pasteurization 12.4.2 Flash Pasteurization 12.4.3 Other methods of Pasteurization Laboratory Exercises Thermal Expansion of Water Chapter 13 – Quality Assurance and Quality Control 13.1 What is Quality? 13.1.1 Quality for the Consumer 13.1.2 Quality for the Brewery 13.1.3 What Quality is not 13.2 Quality Control 13.2.1 Methods in Quality Control 13.3 Quality Assurance 13.3.1 Good Brewery Practice 13.3.2 Addressing production using PDCA 13.4 Addressing Product Safety 13.4.1 FSMA 13.4.2 HACCP 13.5 Sensory Analyses 13.5.1 Types of sensory evaluations 13.6 Safety in the Brewery Laboratory Exercises Turbidity in Beer Appendix A – Math for the Brewer A.0 Introduction A.1 Designing your brew A.1.1 Volume. A.1.2 Designing the Grain Bill A.1.3 Hops A.1.4 Percent alcohol by volume (ABV) A.1.5 Color and SRM A.2 Misc - Strike water temperature Appendix B – R134a Refrigerant Data B.0 Introduction B.1 Saturated, organized by Temperature B.2 Saturated, organized by pressure B.3 Superheated Vapor Appendix C – Sensory Statistical Data C.0 Introduction C.1 Difference Testing Statistics

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated book describes statistical extreme value theory for the quantification of natural hazards, such as strong winds, floods and rainfall, and discusses an interdisciplinary approach to allow the theoretical methods to be applied. The approach consists of a number of steps: data selection and correction, non-stationary theory (to account for trends due to climate change), and selecting appropriate estimation techniques based on both decision-theoretic features (e.g., Bayesian theory), empirical robustness and a valid treatment of uncertainties. It also examines and critically reviews alternative approaches based on stochastic and dynamic numerical models, as well as recently emerging data analysis issues and presents large-scale, multidisciplinary, state-of-the-art case studies. Intended for all those with a basic knowledge of statistical methods interested in the quantification of natural hazards, the book is also a valuable resource for engineers conducting risk analyses in collaboration with scientists from other fields (such as hydrologists, meteorologists, climatologists). Table of Contents1 E. Garnier: Extreme Events and History: for a better consideration of natural hazards.- 2 N. Bousquet and P. Bernardara: Introduction.- Part I Standard Extreme Value Theory.- 3 P. Bernardara and N. Bousquet: Probabilistic modeling and statistical quantification of natural hazards.- 4 N. Bousquet: Fundamental concepts of probability and statistics.- 5 M. Andreewsky and N. Bousquet: Collecting and analyzing data.- 6 A. Dutfoy: Univariate extreme value theory: practice and limitations.- Part II Elements of Extensive Statistical Analysis.- 7 J. Weiss and M. Andreewsky: Regional extreme value analysis.- 8 S. Parey, T. Hoang: Extreme values of non-stationary time series.- 9 A. Dutfoy: Multivariate extreme value theory: practice and limits.- 10 S., T. Hoang and N. Bousquet: Stochastic and physics-based simulation of extreme situations.- 11 N. Bousquet: Bayesian extreme value theory.- 12 M. Andreewsky, P. Bernardara, N. Bousquet, A. Dutfoy and S. Parey: Perspectives.- Part III Detailed Case Studies on Natural Hazards.- 13 P. Bernardara: Predicting extreme ocean swells.- 14 M. Andreewsky: Predicting storm surges.- 15 S. Parey: Forecasting extreme winds.- 16 N. Roche and A. Dutfoy: Conjunction of rainfall in neighboring watersheds.- 17 A. Sibler and A. Dutfoy: Conjunction of a flood and a storm.- 18 E. Paquet: SCHADEX: an alternative to extreme value statistics in hydrology.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the single components that commonly constitute luminaires for interiors, describing their operating principles, families, strengths and weaknesses. It opens with the product classification and main standard requirements. The following chapters describe the different components: light sources, power supplies, thermal dissipation techniques, control technologies, optical systems. The description focuses on the most recent technologies to allow the reader to consider a product design capable of confronting future lighting scenarios. The book provides a simple path addressed to all those who want to try their hand at designing luminaires for interiors, even without a specific engineering background.

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Book SynopsisThe Annual BCI Research Awards are international prizes that recognize the top new projects in brain–computer interface (BCI) research. This book contains concise descriptions of projects nominated for the 2020 BCI Research Award and interviews with nominees. Each article is authored by the researchers who developed the project, and articles have been updated with new progress achieved since their nomination. These chapters are complemented by an introduction by the editors together with a concluding chapter that reviews the annual Awards Ceremony, announces the winners, and ends with a brief discussion.One of the prominent trends in recent years has been the development of BCIs for restoring limb use and for aiding optical and auditory sensory perception. Many chapters in this book present emerging and novel research directions likely to become more prevalent in the near future. This year's book includes chapters based on interviews with BCI experts who were nominated for an award, including this year's first, second, and third place winners. These interview chapters are generally less technical than project descriptions, and provide individual perspectives from people actively working on new methods and systems.Table of Contents1 Enhancing gesture decoding performance using signals from human posterior parietal cortex.- Machine translation of cortical activity to text.- 2 Towards practical MEG-BCI with optically pumped magnetometers.- 3 EEG decoding of pain perception for a real-time reflex system in prostheses.- 4 A computer-brain interface that restores lost extremities touch and movement sensations.- 5 Restoring the sense of touch using a sensorimotor demultiplexing neural interface.- 6 A brain–spine interface complements deep-brain stimulation to both alleviate gait and balance deficits and increase alertness in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease.- 7 Speaker-independent auditory attention decoding without access to clean speech sources.- 8 A high-performance handwriting BCI.- 9 A neuromorphic brain computer interface for real-time detection of a new biomarker for epilepsy surgery.- 10 “Sono-optogenetics”: An ultrasound-mediated non-invasive optogenetic brain-computer interface.- 11 High-dimensional (8D) control of complex effectors such as an exoskeleton by a tetraplegic subject using chronic ECoG recordings using stable and robust over time adaptive direct neural decoder.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a synthesis of investigations on the ethics, governance and policies affecting the design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Each chapter can be read independently, but the overall structure of the book provides a complementary and detailed understanding of some of the most pressing issues brought about by AI and digital innovation. Given its modular nature, it is a text suitable for readers who wish to gain a reliable orientation about the ethics of AI and for experts who wish to know more about specific areas of the current debate.Table of ContentsAcknowledgement.- Chapter 1. Introduction – The Importance of an Ethics First Approach to the Development of AI (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 2. A unified framework of Five Principles for AI in Society (Luciano Floridi and Josh Cowls).- Chapter 3. An Ethical framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles and Recommendations (Luciano Floridi, Josh Cowls, Monica Beltrametti, Raja Chatila, Patrice Chazerand, Virginia Dignum, Christoph Luetge, Robert Madelin, Ugo Pagallo, Francesca Rossi, Burkhard Schafer, Peggy Valcke and Effy Vayena).- Chapter 4. Establishing the Rules for Building Trustworthy AI (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 5. The Chinese Approach to AI: An Analysis of Policy, Ethics, and Regulation (Huw Roberts, Josh Cowls, Jessica Morley, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Vincent Wang and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 6. Translating Principles into Practices of Digital Ethics: Five Risks of Being Unethical (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 7. How AI can be a force for good (Mariarosaria Taddeo and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 8. The Ethics of Algorithms (Andreas Tsamados, Nikita Aggarwal, Josh Cowls, Jessica Morley, Huw Roberts, Mariarosaria Taddeo and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 9. How to Design AI for Social Good: Seven Essential Factors (Luciano Floridi, Josh Cowls, Thomas C King and Mariarosaria Taddeo).- Chapter 10. From What to How: An initial Review of Publicly Available AI Ethics Tools, Methods and Research to Translate Principles into Practices (Jessica Morley, Luciano Floridi, Libby Kinsey and Anat Elhalal).- Chapter 11. The Explanation Game: A Formal Framework for Interpretable Machine Learning (David Watson and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 12. Artificial Agents and Their Moral Nature (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 13. Artificial Intelligence Crime: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Foreseeable Threats and Solutions (Thomas C King, Nikita Aggarwal, Mariarosaria Taddeo and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 14. Regulate Artificial Intelligence to Avert Cyber Arms Race (Mariarosaria Taddeo and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 15. Trusting Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity is a Double-edged Sword (Mariarosaria Taddeo, Tom McCutcheon and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 16. Prayer-bots and Religious Worship on Twitter: A Call for a Wider Research Agenda (Carl Öhman, Robert Gorwa and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 17. Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes and a Future of Ectypes (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 18. The Ethics of AI in Healthcare: A Mapping Review (Jessica Morley, Caio Machado, Christopher Burr, Josh Cowls, Indra Joshi, Mariarosaria Taddeo and Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 19. Autonomous Vehicles: from Whether and When to Where and How (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 20. Innovating with Confidence: Embedding AI Governance and Fairness in a Financial Services Risk Management Framework (Michelle Lee, Luciano Floridi and Alexander Denev).- Chapter 21. Robots, Jobs, Taxes and Responsibilities (Luciano Floridi).- Chapter 22. What the Near Future of Artificial Intelligence Could Be (Luciano Floridi).

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Book SynopsisRemote Sensing Digital Image Analysis provides a comprehensive treatment of the methods used for the processing and interpretation of remotely sensed image data. Over the past decade there have been continuing and significant developments in the algorithms used for the analysis of remote sensing imagery, even though many of the fundamentals have substantially remained the same. As with its predecessors this new edition again presents material that has retained value but also includes newer techniques, covered from the perspective of operational remote sensing. The book is designed as a teaching text for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate student, and as a fundamental treatment for those engaged in research using digital image analysis in remote sensing. The presentation level is for the mathematical non-specialist. Since the very great number of operational users of remote sensing come from the earth sciences communities, the text is pitched at a level commensurate with their background. The chapters progress logically through means for the acquisition of remote sensing images, techniques by which they can be corrected, and methods for their interpretation. The prime focus is on applications of the methods, so that worked examples are included and a set of problems conclude each chapter.Table of ContentsSources and characteristics of remote sensing image data.- correcting and registering images.- interpreting images.- radiometric enhancement of images.- geometric processing and enhancement: image domain techniques.- spectral domain image transforms.- spatial domain image transforms.- supervised classification techniques.- clustering and unsupervised classification.- Feature Reduction.- Image Classification in Practice.- Multisource Image Analysis.

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of this textbook presents a practical, updated approach to predictive analytics for classroom learning. The authors focus on using analytics to solve business problems and compares several different modeling techniques, all explained from examples using the SAS Enterprise Miner software. The authors demystify complex algorithms to show how they can be utilized and explained within the context of enhancing business opportunities. Each chapter includes an opening vignette that provides real-life examples of how business analytics have been used in various aspects of organizations to solve issues or improve their results. A running case provides an example of a how to build and analyze a complex analytics model and utilize it to predict future outcomes. The new edition includes chapters on clusters and associations and text mining to support predictive models. An additional case is also included that can be used with each chapter or as a semester project.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Predictive Analytics1 1.1 Predictive Analytics in Action2 1.2 Analytics Landscape8 1.3 Analytics 1.3.2 Predictive Analytics 1.4 Regression Analysis 1.5 Machine Learning Techniques 1.6 Predictive Analytics Model 1.7 Opportunities in Analytics 1.8 Introduction to the Automobile Insurance Claim Fraud Example 1.9 Chapter Summary References Chapter 239 Know Your Data – Data Preparation39 2.1 Classification of Data40 2.1.1 Qualitative versus Quantitative 2.1.2 Scales of Measurement 2.2. Data Preparation Methods. 2.2.1 Inconsistent Formats 2.2.2 Missing Data 2.2.3 Outliers 2.2.4 Other Data Cleansing Considerations 2.3 Data Sets and Data Partitioning 2.4 SAS Enterprise Miner™ Model Components 2.4.1 Step 1. Create Three of the Model Components 2.4.2 Step 2. Import an Excel File and Save as a SAS File 2.4.3 Step 3. Create the Data Source 2.4.4 Step 4. Partition the Data Source 2.4.5 Step 5 Data Exploration 2.4.6 Step 6 Missing Data 2.4.7 Step 7. Handling Outliers 2.4.8 Step 8. Categorical Variables with Too Many Levels 2.5 Chapter Summary References Chapter 35 What do Descriptive Statistics Tell Us 3.1 Descriptive Analytics 3.2 The Role of the Mean, Median and Mode 3.3 Variance and Distribution 3.4 The Shape of the Distribution 3.4.2 Kurtosis 3.5 Covariance and Correlation 3.6 Variable Reduction 3.6.1 Variable Clustering 3.6.2 Principal Component Analysis 3.7 Hypothesis Testing2 3.8 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)5 3.9 Chi Square6 3. Fit Statistics8 3. Stochastic Models9 3.12 Chapter Summary1 References2 Chapter 4 Predictive Models Using Regression5 4.1 Regression6 4.1.1 Classical assumptions7 4.2 Ordinary Least Squares8 4.3 Simple Linear Regression8 4.3.1 Determining Relationship Between Two Variables9 4.3.2 Line of Best Fit and Simple Linear Regression Equation9 4.4 Multiple Linear Regression1 4.4.1 Metrics to Evaluate the Strength of the Regression Line2 4.3.2 Best-fit model3 4.3.3 Selection of Variables in Regression3 4.5 Principal Component Regression5 4.5.1 Principal Component Analysis Revisited5 4.5.2 Principal Component Regression6 4.6 Partial Least Squares6 4.7 Logistic Regression7 4.7.1 Binary Logistic Regression8 4.7.2 Examination of Coefficients1 4.7.3 Multinomial Logistic Regression3 4.7.4 Ordinal Logistic Regression3 4.8 Implementation of Regression in SAS Enterprise Miner™3 4.8.1 Regression Node Train Properties: Class Targets4 4.8.2 Regression Node Train Properties: Model Options5 4.8.3 Regression Node Train Properties: Model Selection6 4.9 Implementation of Two-Factor Interaction and Polynomial Terms8 4.9.1 Regression Node Train Properties: Equation8 4. DMINE Regression in SAS Enterprise Miner™0 4..1 DMINE Properties0 4..2 DMINE Results2 4. Partial Least Squares Regression in SAS Enterprise Miner™4 4..1 Partial Least Squares Properties4 4..2 Partial Least Squares Results7 4. Least Angles Regression in SAS Enterprise Miner™9 4..1 Least Angle Regression Properties0 4..2 Least Angles Regression Results1 4. Other Forms of Regression4 4. Chapter Summary6 References9 Chapter 5 The Second of the Big Three – Decision Trees1 5.1 What is a Decision Tree?2 5.2 Creating a Decision Tree4 5.3 Data Partitions and Decision Trees6 5.4 Creating a Decision Tree Using SAS Enterprise Miner™9 The key properties include:5 Subtree Properties5 5.4.1 Overfitting1 5.5 Creating an Interactive Decision Tree using SAS Enterprise Miner ™1 5.6 Creating a Maximal Decision Tree using SAS Enterprise Miner ™6 5.7 Chapter Summary9 References1 Chapter 6 The Third of the Big Three - Neural Networks3 6.1 What is a Neural Network?4 6.2 History of Neural Networks6 6.3 Components of a Neural Network8 6.4 Neural Network Architectures2 6.5 Training a Neural Network5 6.6 Radial Basis Function Neural Networks6 6.7 Creating a Neural Network using SAS Enterprise MinerÔ7 6.8 Using SAS Enterprise MinerÔ to Automatically Generate a Neural Network0 6.9 Explaining a Neural Network6 6. Chapter Summary0 References3 Chapter 7 Model Comparisons and Scoring5 7.1 Beyond the Big 7.2 Gradient Boosting6 7.3 Ensemble Models0 7.4 Random Forests2 7.6 Two-Stage Model8 7.7 Comparing Predictive Models0 7.7.1 Evaluating Fit Statistics – Which Model Do We Use?2 7.8 Using Historical Data to Predict the Future – Scoring5 7.8.1 Analyzing and Reporting Results8 7.8.2 Save Data Node9 7.8.3 Reporter Node0 7.9 The Importance of Predictive Analytics2 7.9.1 What Should We Expect for Predictive Analytics in the Future?3 7. Chapter Summary4 References6 Chapter 8 finding Associations in Data through Cluster Analysis9 8.1 Applications and Uses of Cluster Analysis9 8.2 Types of Clustering Techniques0 8.3 Hierarchical Clustering1 8.3.1 Agglomerative Clustering1 8.3.2 Divisive Clustering1 8.3.3 Agglomerative vs Divisive Clustering6 8.4 Non-hierarchical clustering7 8.4.1 K-means Clustering7 8.4.2 Initial Centroid Selection1 8.4.3 Determining the Number of Clusters2 8.4.4 Evaluating your clusters5 8.5 Hierarchical vs Nonhierarchical6 8.6 Cluster Analysis using SAS Enterprise Miner™6 8.6.1 Cluster Node7 8.6.2 Additional Key Properties of the Cluster Node8 8.7 Applying Cluster Analysis to the Insurance Claim Fraud Data Set9 8.8 Chapter Summary8 References9 9.1 What is Text Analytics?1 9.2 Information Retrieval2 9.3 Text Parsing5 9.4 Zipf’s Law8 9.5 Text Filter9 9.6 Text Cluster1 9.7 Text Topic4 9.8 Text Rule Builder7 9.9 Text Profile8 9. Chapter Summary9 Discussion Questions0 References1 Appendix A3 Data Dictionary for the Automobile Insurance Claim Fraud Data Example3 Appendix B5 Can you Predict the Money Laundering Cases?5 B.1 Introduction5 B.2. Business Problem8 B.3. Analyze Data9 B.4. Development and Optimization of a Best Fit Model2 B.5. Final Report3 References4

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Book SynopsisThis book is at the center of the UN goals of combining environment and economic development with new technologies.First, sustainability in mining is defined as a process of transformation. This is followed by an outlook on the aspects of safety, economy, environmental impact and digital transformation. The book includes a discussion of new aspects such as the problem of liability for mining damages regarding climate change in Peru. Specific technical issues in smart mining are covered as well, such as underground localization systems based on ultra-wide band radio and inertial navigation, or the use of thermal imaging for roof crack detection. In addition, the characterization of material flows, subsurface hydrogen-storage systems and the prediction of mining induced subsidence and uplift are dealt with.The Sustainable Smart Mining and Energy Yearbook is not only aimed at researchers professionals, but at all who want to get an overview of the important technical and legal topics in this field.​Table of ContentsIndustry 4.0 in Mining.­- Mine Sustainability in Mining Understood as a Process of Transformation.- Sustainable Smart Mining - Safe, Economical, Environmental Friendly, Digital.- Mining Damage Liability for Climate Change in Peru?.- China Power – Status Energy, Economy, Environment.- Russia 2020.- Optimisation of an Underground Localization System Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio and Inertial Navigation Through Determination and Evaluation of Influencing Factors.- Roof Crack Detection & Face Material Characterization via Thermal Imaging.- Resource Model Updating and Optimization for Real-Time Mining.- Development of a Data Fusion Model for Material Flow Characterization Using the Example of Gypsum and Anhydrite.- Blue Nodules – Use of Acoustic Emission Technology for an Inline Characterisation of Hydraulic Material Streams.- Blue Mining.- Towards Incorporating Extended Reality Technology in the Education of Mining Professionals.- Prediction of Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence and Uplifts in Germany.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses how to reduce the impact of dust and heat on photovoltaic systems. It presents the problems caused by both dust accumulation and heat on PV systems, as well as the solutions, in a collected piece of literature. The Effects of Dust and Heat on Photovoltaic Modules: Impacts and Solutions begins by discussing the properties of dust accumulation on PV modules. It then presents several solutions to this, such as hydrophobic coatings and surface texturing. The second half of the book is used to discuss the effects of heat on silicon PV modules, as well as various cooling approaches. These include water cooling and carbon-based materials. Due to the prevalence of PV systems in renewable energy, this book will be of interest to numerous students, researchers and practitioners. Table of ContentsDust Deposition on PV Modules and its Characteristics.- Organic Super Hydrophobic Coating for PV Modules.- Inorganic Super Hydrophobic Coating for PV Modules.- Surface Texturing for Super Hydrophobic Surface.- Super Hydrophilic Surface Coating For PV Modules.- Dust Properties and Characterization.- Heat Effect on Silicon PV Modules.- Cooling Approaches for Silicon PV Modules.- Thermoelectric Coupled Silicon PV Modules.- Water Cooling of PV Modules.- Carbon Based Materials for PV Cooling.- Heat Effect on the PV Encapsulation.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides guidance for the rational design and application of hydraulic grouts, based on a series of specific data (type of masonry, voids' width, targeted strength and durability level, available materials, etc.). To this end, the basic characteristics of a grout, i.e. its injectability (penetrability, fluidity and stability), its strength and durability, are taken into account by means of rational models and quantified expressions of all grout-design parameters. Thus, a holistic, rational mix design methodology for optimization of grout composition is given, permitting the preliminary design of grouts, without having to resort to multiple tests in advance. Moreover, detailed practical guidelines for grouting application and quality control, based on real case studies, are also included. The book attempts to rationalize the entire procedure of this poly-parametric decision-making, keeping however in mind the need for practical engineering solutions.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Penetrability.- Fluidity,.- Stability.- Critical value Wnom.- Strength.- Durability.- Optimization of grout performances.- Practical guidelines for the execution of grouting.

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Book SynopsisThis open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences.The opening section reviews the history of “technology-for-development” research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book’s iterative approach of “innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation.” Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development.Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.Table of ContentsPart I: A New Discipline: Development Engineering.-Chapter 1: The Role Of Technology In Development.- Chapter 2: The Development Engineering Framework: Innovate, Evaluate, Scale.-Chapter 3: Asking the Right Questions.-Part II: Water, Sanitation and Health.-Chapter 4: Advances In Water and Health Technologies.-Chapter 5: Case Study: Electrochemical Arsenic Remediation, India (Innovation).-Chapter 6: Case Study: Information For Intermittent Water Supply, India (Evaluation).-Chapter 7: Case Study: Mobile Phone Diagnostic Microscopy, Vietnam/Cameroon (Innovation, Scale).-Part III: Governance.- Chapter 8: Technologies for Governance And Accountability.-Chapter 9: Case Study: Sensors For Aid Accountability, Rwanda (Evaluation, Scale).-Chapter 10: Case Study: High Resolution Development Indicators, Afghanistan (Evaluation, Scale).-Chapter 11: Case Study: Monitoring For Elections And Public Service Delivery, Kenya (Evaluation, Scale).-Part IV: Energy and Resources.-Chapter 12: Advances in Energy & Environmental Technologies.-Chapter 13: Case Study: Economic Impacts Of Rural Electrification, Kenya (Evaluation, Scale).-Chapter 14: Case Study: Cool Joule: Flexible Energy Loads, Nicaragua (Innovation, Evaluation).-Chapter 15: Case Study: Cookstove Monitoring and Use In East Africa (Innovation, Evaluation).-Part V: Information.-Chapter 16: Information and Communications Technology For Development.-Chapter 17: Case Study: Community Cellular Networks, Philippines (Innovation, Evaluation).-Chapter 18: Case Study: ICT Solutions To Bring Telemedicine To Rural India (Innovation).-Chapter 19: Case Study: Platforms For Development Data (ODK/Mezuri) (Innovation, Scale).-PART VI: Markets (Incorporates Agriculture).-Chapter 20: Technologies To Improve Market Performance.-Chapter 21: Case Study: Ag Market Information Platforms, India (Innovation, Evaluation, Scale).-Chapter 22: Case Study: Agricultural Trading Platforms, Uganda (Innovation, Evaluation).-Chapter 23: Case Study: Inventory And Supply Chain Tracking, Sri Lanka (Evaluation).-PART VII: Human Capital (Incorporates Labor).-Chapter 24: Increasing the Productivity of Human Capital.-Chapter 25: Case Study: Electronic Job Search Platforms, India (Evaluation, Scale).-Chapter 26: Case Study: Customized E-Learning Innovations, India (Evaluation).-Chapter 27: Case Study: TBD (Evaluation).-PART VIII: Conclusion.-Chapter 28: Promising Directions in Development Engineering.

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Book SynopsisThis short monograph focuses on the theoretical backgrounds and practical implementations concerning the thermodynamic modeling of multiphase equilibria of complex reservoir fluids using cubic equations of state. It aims to address the increasing needs of multiphase equilibrium calculations that arise in the compositional modeling of multiphase flow in reservoirs and wellbores. It provides a state-of-the-art coverage on the recent improvements of cubic equations of state. Considering that stability test and flash calculation are two basic tasks involved in any multiphase equilibrium calculations, it elaborates on the rigorous mathematical frameworks dedicated to stability test and flash calculation. A special treatment is given to the new algorithms that are recently developed to perform robust and efficient three-phase equilibrium calculations.This monograph will be of value to graduate students who conduct research in the field of phase behavior, as well as software engineers who work on the development of multiphase equilibrium calculation algorithms. Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2. Cubic Equation of States.- Chapter 3. Phase Stability Test.- Chapter 4. Flash Calculations.- Chapter 5. Multiphase Equilibrium Calculations.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of biobanking and guides through the practical planning thereof, with a special focus on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. On the example of the setup of a Ukrainian biobank the book discusses the main steps and aspects of successful biorepository implementation and management. Topics covered include collection, storage and shipping of samples, establishment of an IT system, development of a sustainability plan, and project and risk management. Furthermore, the importance of the formation of international biobanking societies such as the Ukraine Association of Biobanks is highlighted, and their main objectives and tasks are discussed.The book addresses life science and business professionals as well as national authorities who are interested in biobanking in general and in setting up a biobank in particular. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Literature Review1.1.1. Definition of biobanks1.1.2. Problems and the destitution for principle1.2 Scientific relevance of biobanks. Examples of biobanks1.2.1. Types of biobanks1.3. Ethical and legal principles1.4. Biobank management model and sustainability plan 1.4.1. SWOT analysis1.4.2. The mission1.5. Concepts specific for developing countries2. Methods2.1. Questionnaire: Survey development and content, participant selection2.2. Interviews: market analysis2.3. Team meetings: Development and implementation3. Results and summary of findings3.1. Step I: Ethics and law in the Ukraine Biobank3.1.1. Ethical regulations3.1.2. Access Policy3.2. Step II: Collection and Management of Samples3.2.1. Clarification of Conditions of Shipment of Samples3.2.2. Clinical Collection3.3. Step III: Risk Management and Biobanking3.4. Step IV: Quality Management and Quality Control. Quality Control Samples and SOP`s3.4.1. Quality Control Samples and SOP3.5. Step V: Governance and Stakeholder analysis3.6. Biobanking IT system3.6.1. Data base structure3.6.2. Web application3.7. Ukraine Biobank management model and sustainability plan3.7.1. Ukraine Biobank management model3.7.2. Sustainability plan and Project management3.8. Established Biobank in Ukraine Association3.9. Development and Progress of Ukraine’s Biobank Network3.10. The way to standardization3.11. Sample Access Policy3.12. Science and Innovation of Ukraine Association of Biobank4. Discussion5. Conclusion 6. List of figures7. References8. Internet Sources

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Book SynopsisThis revised, new edition retains its class-tested coverage of how metals behave in water while updating and expanding information about metals processing methods. The book further retains its emphasis on predicting and engineering the way metals are extracted from ore sources, separated from unwanted entities, recovered as metals, and purified using water based processing. The transformation of minerals to metals requires hydrometallurgical processing for nearly all of the nonferrous metals we use. This book elucidates the associated fundamentals and processing applications as well as related tools to assess processes and performance. The new edition further includes additional photographs, updated drawings, supplementary data, updated descriptive information, and new detail on rare earth elements processing as well as recycling and byproduct recovery of metals.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Chemical Fundamentals of Hydrometallurgy.- Speciation and Phase Diagrams.- Rate Processes.- Metal Extraction.- Separation of Dissolved Metals.- Metal Recovery Processes.- Metal Utilization.- Environmental Issues.- Process Design Principles.- General Economics for Hydrometallurgical Processes.- General Statistics for Hydrometallurgical Applications.- Appendix A: Atomic Weights.- Appendix B: Miscellaneous Constants.- Appendix C: Conversion Factors.- Appendix D: Free Energy Data.- Appendix E: Laboratory Calculations.- Appendix F: Selected Ionic Species Data.- Appendix G: Standard Half-Cell Potentials.- Appendix H: General Terminology.- Appendix I: Common Sieve Sizes.- Appendix J: Metals and Minerals

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview of the fundamentals of plasmonic field enhancement phenomena and the recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy technologies that utilize plasmonics for their performance enhancement. Hydrogen energy is currently a representative clean energy without polluting or greenhouse emission in its use. However, industrial production of hydrogen molecules, or other usable hydrogen-containing molecules, is required for the use of hydrogen energy. It is also important to produce hydrogen in clean, renewable manners, to contribute to the solution of the environmental problems, such as atmospheric pollution and global warming, and of the depletion of energy resources. For the widespread use of hydrogen energy, technical developments particularly for hydrogen production and storage are highly sought after. Free electrons in metals, particularly around metal surfaces or interfaces with dielectric materials, exhibit a strong interaction with electromagnetic fields or light in the form of collective oscillation, named surface plasmons. The electromagnetic field intensity around subwavelength-size metal particles can be highly localized due to the coupling between the incident photons and collective oscillation of free electrons at the metal surface, resulting in focusing of electromagnetic energy density, or namely local field enhancement.Table of ContentsHydrogen Energy Technology and Plasmonics.- Field Enhancement around Spherical Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoshells.- Field Enhancement on Planar Metal Surface.- Field Enhancement at Sharp Metal Tips.- Field Enhancement in Metal Nanogaps.- Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive review of the production of smelter grade alumina from bauxite ores. It emphasizes the best practices applied in the industry today but seen in a historical context with a view to future challenges and developments. The control of alumina quality is discussed in detail including the effects that alumina quality have on the aluminum smelter process with respect to environmental performance, current efficiency, and metal purity. The discussion of alumina quality will be relevant to people on the smelter side, as this is the interface between refinery and smelter. Emphasis is placed on the major steps of the Bayer Process including: digestion, clarification, precipitation, calcination, and management of water, energy, and bauxite residue. This book is a valuable resource for active, seasoned practitioners and for new engineers entering the industry.Table of Contents1. Introduction: Primary Aluminium - Alumina - Bauxite (Benny E. Raahauge)i. Property Driven Applicationsii. Supply-Demand Balance and Forecastiii. Cost Drivers and Pricingiv. Environmental Footprints and Challenges2. Bauxite Mineralogy, Classification and Beneficiation (Hydro/RTA?)i. Bauxite Resourcesii. Mineralogy and Chemistryiii. Classification from Bayer Process Perspectiveiv. Beneficiation Options3. Bayer Process Design and Physical Chemistry (Steve Healy)i. Bayer Process Design Overviewii. Liquor Properties - Physio Chemical Dataiii. Lime (CaO) Chemistry4. Bauxite Processing - Crushing/Grinding, De-silication and Digestion (CSIRO?)i. Crushing & Grindingii. Silica Chemistry, Desilication Kinetics and Reactor Designiii. Digestion Chemistry, Breakpoint and Kineticsa. Maximum Extractable Alumina (MEA) and Breakpointb. Digestion Modelsc. Degradation of Organicsiv. Digestion Conditions, Bauxite Mineralogy and Yielda. Effect of Lime additionb. Impact of impuritiesv. Applied Digestion Technology and Heat Consumptiona. Autoclavesb. Tube Digesterc. Double Digestionvi. Digester Mass and Heat Balancesa. Theoretical Heat of Digestionb. Boiling Point Elevationc. Steam Requirements5. De-sanding - Floculation / Sedimentation - Liquor Filtration (Tim Laros)i. De-Sanding Equipmentii. Flocculation and Sedimentation Principlesiii. Mud Rheology, Rake Drives and Mud Pumpingiv. Decantation and Clarification Technologyv. Rise Rate and Tank Designvi. Pregnant/Green Liquor Filtration Options and Trends6. Bauxite Residue: Washing - Dewatering (Tim Laros) and Disposal (Paul McGlade)i. Mud Washing - Recovery of Soda and Aluminaii. Dewatering Options: Filtration and Centrifuginga. Filtration Theory and Applicationsb. Filtration Pressure and Equipment Optionsc. Centrifuge Theory and Applicationsiii. Mud Cake Disposal Options and Principlea. Wet Disposal w/wo Neutralizationb. Dry Stacking w/wo Mud Farmingc. Dry Disposal 7. Hydrate Precipitation (Dennis R. Audet) , Classification and Filtration (Manfred Bach)i. Hydrate Crystallization Fundamentalsa. Nucleation, Agglomeration, Breakage and Growthb. Crystallization Mechanism and Kineticsc. Heat of Crystallizationd. Control of Residual Sodae. Impact of Organics and other impurities on Yieldii. Precipitation Flow Sheets and Particle Morphologya. Retention Time and Temperature Profile impact on Yieldb. Modelling of Precipitation Flow sheetiii. Precipitator Tank Design Optionsa. Agitation and Mixingb. Hydrodynamic Effects on Yieldiv. Classification Options and Mass Balance Controla. Hydro Clonesb. Fine Seed Thickenerv. Seed and Product Hydrate Filtration Optionsa. Seed Preparationb. Washing Efficiency and Flow sheets8. Liquor Purification and Impurity Control (Steve Healy)i. Organics removalii. Removal of Inorganic impuritiesa. Ironb. Phosphorc. Other…9. Water Balance, Evaporation, Heat Exchange and Co-Generation (Daniel Thomas)i. Refinery Water Balanceii. Bayer Process Heat Balancea. Heat Transfer b. Inter-department heat exchangeiii. Evaporationiv. Co-Generation of Steam and Power10. Alumina Production by Calcination (Benny E. Raahauge)i. Calcination Chemistry, Phase Changes and Combustiona. Chemistry, Degree of Calcination and Stoichiometryb. Crystalline and X-Ray Amorphous Phasesc. Fuels and Combustion Products - Acid dew Pointii. Drying and Calcination Theorya. Gas-Solid Heat Transfer and Drying/Calcinationb. Heat Conductionc. Alpha Phase Formation and Kineticsiii. Heat of Calcinationa. Standard Heats of Reactionb. Calcination Heat in Practiceiv. Calcination Furnace/Reactor Design and Operating Conditionsa. Rotary Kilnb. Fluid Flash (FF) and Gas Suspension Calciner (GSC)c. Fluidization and the Circulating Fluid Bed (CFB)d. Gas Suspension Calciner Reaction Modelv. Gas-Solid Separation in Cyclonesvi. Air Pollution Control and Dust Managementa. Gas Emissions and Carbon Foot Printb. Particulate Dust Emissions and Management Optionsc. Electrostatic Precipitator or Bag House vii. Refractory Selection and Surface Heat Lossesviii. Calcination Flow Sheet Optionsa. Heat Recovery Optionsb. Hydrate By-Pass and Alumina Qualityc. Heat Balance and Specific Heat Consumptiond. Specific Power Consumptionix. Particle Breakdown and Strength During Calcinationa. Particle Breakdown Defined and Observedb. Attrition Index Defined and Observedc. Impact from Precipitation and Calcination11. Alumina Quality, HF Removal, Dissolution and Aluminium Purity (Stephen Lindsay)i. Chemical Composition of Smelter Grade Aluminaa. Loss of Ignition (LOI) and Degree of Calcinationb. Phase Composition and Alpha Alumina Contentc. Chemical Composition and Gibbsite ii. Physical Properties of Smelter Grade Aluminaa. Particle Size Distribution, Dustiness and Attrition Indexb. Angle of Repose and Flow abilityc. Bulk Density and Heat Conductivity d. Specific Surface Area and Pore Size Distributioniii. Efficient HF Removal and Dry-Scrubber Efficiency (Margaret Hyland)a. Sources of HF from Smeltingb. Pore Size Distribution and accessible Specific Surface Area Primary Alumina Secondary Aluminac. The Role of Sulfur Dioxide?iv. Alumina Dissolution and Current Efficiency (Pascal Lavoie)a. Theoretical Analysis of Dissolution Processb. Dissolution Rate under Laboratory Conditions Effect of Particle Size Distribution: Sandy vs Floury Effect of Phase Composition: Gamma vs Alphac. Impact of Calcination Technologyd. Impact of Alumina Feeder Design and Operation v. Impurities impact on Aluminium Production, Purity and Propertiesa. Soda and CaOb. Silica and Ironc. Phosphor and Berylliumd. Vanadium and Sulfur12. Alumina Storage and Handling Options13. Health, Safety and Plant Management (Carlos Suarez)14. Process Control, Simulation and Operator Training (NN?)15. Process Economics and Plant Design (Peter-Hans Ter Weer)

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Book SynopsisThis open access book presents research and evaluation results of the Austrian flagship project “Connecting Austria,” illustrating the wide range of research needs and questions that arise when semi-automated truck platooning is deployed in Austria. The work presented is introduced in the context of work in similar research areas around the world. This interdisciplinary research effort considers aspects of engineering, road-vehicle and infrastructure technologies, traffic management and optimization, traffic safety, and psychology, as well as potential economic effects. The book’s broad perspective means that readers interested in current and state-of-the-art methods and techniques for the realization of semi-automated driving and with either an engineering background or with a less technical background gain a comprehensive picture of this important subject. The contributors address many questions such as: Which maneuvers does a platoon typically have to carry out, and how? How can platoons be integrated seamlessly in the traffic flow without becoming an obstacle to individual road users? What trade-offs between system information (sensors, communication effort, etc.) and efficiency are realistic? How can intersections be passed by a platoon in an intelligent fashion? Consideration of diverse disciplines and highlighting their meaning for semi-automated truck platooning, together with the highlighting of necessary research and evaluation patterns to address such a broad task scientifically, makes Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning a unique contribution with methods that can be extended and adapted beyond the geographical area of the research reported.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction & Research Approach.- Research Need: An Overview on Project “Connecting Austria”.- Platooning Around the World.- Research Design & Evaluation Strategies.- Truck Platooning Requirements Analysis.- Part II: Methodology.- Computation Fluid Dynamics Assessment of Truck Platoons.- Simulation of Platoon Dynamics, Optimization & Traffic Effects.- Platoon Control Concepts.- Part III: Simulations, Tests and Demonstrations.- ZalaZone.- Scenario-Based Simulation Studies on Platooning Effects in Traffic.- Fuel Efficiency.- Traffic Measurement for the Intersection Case in Hallein, Austria.- Part IV: Analysis of Results.- Requirements for Truck Platooning from a Road Safety Perspective.- Energy, Fuel & Traffic Efficiency of Platooning.- Business Models, Economy & Innovation.- Truck Drives.- How Platooning Research Enhances the European Innovation System – Even Without Electronically-Coupled Trucks on the Road.- Discussion.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book is the result of an expert panel convened by the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability and Nature Sustainability. The panel tackled the seventeen UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 head-on, with respect to the global systems that produce and distribute food. The panel’s rigorous synthesis and analysis of existing research leads compellingly to multiple actionable recommendations that, if adopted, would simultaneously lead to healthy and nutritious diets, equitable and inclusive value chains, resilience to shocks and stressors, and climate and environmental sustainability.Table of Contents1:- Panel Members.- 2:- Socio-technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-food Systems Transformation.- 3;- The State of Agri-food Systems and Agri-food Value Chains in 2020.- 4:- Key External Drivers of Change to 2070.- 5;- Envisioning Four Design Objectives for 2045–70.- 6;- Getting from Here to There.- 7:- A Profuse Pipeline of Promising Options.- 8:- Socio-technical Innovation Bundles Tailored to Distinct Agri-Food Systems.- 9:- Impact Pathways.- 10:- Towards Co-creation of AFS Innovations by AVC Actors.- 11:- Technical Appendix.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe book presents in a clear, simple, straightforward, novel and unified manner the most used methods of experimental mechanics of solids for the determination of displacements, strains and stresses. Emphasis is given on the principles of operation of the various methods, not in their applications to engineering problems. The book is divided into sixteen chapters which include strain gages, basic optics, geometric and interferometric moiré, optical methods (photoelasticity, interferometry, holography, caustics, speckle methods, digital image correlation), thermoelastic stress analysis, indentation, optical fibers, nondestructive testing, and residual stresses. The book will be used not only as a learning tool, but as a basis on which the researcher, the engineer, the experimentalist, the student can develop their new own ideas to promote research in experimental mechanics of solids.Table of ContentsContents 1. Electrical Resistance Strain Gages 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic Principle 1.3 Bonded Resistance Strain Gages 1.4 Transverse Sensitivity and Gage Factor 1.5 Electrical Circuits 1.5.1 Introduction 1.5.2 The potentiometer Circuit 1.5.3The Wheatstone Bridge 1.6 Strain Gage Rosettes 2. Fundamentals of optics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Historical Overview 2.3 Light Sources, Wave Fronts, and Rays 2.4 Reflection and Mirrors 2.4.1 Reflection 2.4.2 Plane Mirrors 2.4.3 Spherical Mirrors 2.5 Refraction 2.6 Thin Lenses 2.7 The Wave Nature of light – Huygens’ Principle 2.8 Electromagnetic Theory of Light 2.9 Polarization 2.10 Interference 2.10.1 Introduction 2.10.2 Interference of Two Linearly Polarized Beams 2.10.3 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 2.10.4 Multi-slit interference 2.10.5 Interference of Two Plane Waves 2.10.6 Change of Phase Upon Reflection – Thin films 2.10.7 Dispersion 2.11 Diffraction 2.11.1 Introduction 2.11.2 Single Slit Diffraction 2.11.3 Two Slit Diffraction 2.11.4 The diffraction grating 2.11.5 Diffraction by a Circular Aperture 2.11.6 Limit of Resolution 2.11.7 Fraunhofer Diffraction as a Fourier Transform 2.11.8 Optical Spatial Filtering 2.11.9 The Pinhole Spatial Filter 3. Geometric Moiré 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Terminology 3.3 The Moiré Phenomenon 3.4 Mathematical Analysis of Moiré Fringes 3.5. Relationships Between Line Grating and Moiré Fringes 3.6 Moiré Patterns Formed by Circular, Radial and Line Gratings 3.7 Measurement of In-Plane Displacements 3.8 Measurement of Out-of-Plane Displacements 3.9 Measurement of Out-of-Plane Slopes 3.10 Sharpening of Moiré Fringes 3.11 Moiré of Moiré 4. Coherent Moiré and Moiré Interferometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Superposition of Two Diffraction Gratings 4.3 Moiré Patterns 4.4 Optical Filtering and Fringe Multiplication. 4.5 Advantages Offered by Coherent Moiré 4.6 Moiré Interferometry 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Optical Arrangement 4.6.3 The method 4.6.4 Determination of strains 5. Moiré patterns formed by remote gratings 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Geometric Moiré Methods 5.2.1 Introduction 5.3 The coherent Grading Sensing (CGS) Method 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3.3 Governing Equations 6. The method of caustics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Governing Equations for Reflective Surfaces 6.3 The Ellipsoid Mirror 6.4 Intensity of a Light ray Illuminating a Transparent Specimen 6.5 Stress-Optical Equations 6.6 Crack Problems 6.6.1 Introduction 6.6.2 Principle of the Method 6.6.3 Opening-Mode Loading 6.6.4 Mixed-Mode Loading 6.6.5 Anisotropic Materials 6.6.6 The state of Stress Near the Crack Tip 6.6.7 Comparison of the Method of Caustics with Other Optical Methods 7. Photoelasticity 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Plane Polariscope 7.3 Circular Polariscope 7.4 Isoclinics 7.5 Isochromatics 7.6 Isochromatics with White Light 7.7 Properties of Isoclinics 7.8 Properties of Isochromatics 7.9 Compensation 7.9.1 Introduction 7.9.2 The Tension/Compression Specimen 7.9.3 Babinet and Babinet-Soleil Compensators 7.9.4 Sernarmont Compensation Method 7.9.5 Tardy Compensation Method 7.10 Determination of Photoelastic constant fs 7.11 Stress Separation 7.12 Fringe Multiplication and Sharpening 7.13 Transition from Model to Prototype 7.14 Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity 7.15 Photoelastic Coatings 7.15.1 Introduction 7.15.2 Transfer of Stresses From Body to Coating. 7.15.3 Determination of Stresses 7.15.4 Reinforcing Effect 7.15.5 Photoelastic Strain Gages 8. Interferometry 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Interferometric Systems 8.3 Analysis of Interferometric Systems 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer 8.3.3 The Michelson Interferometer 8.3.4 The Fizeau-Type Interferometer 8.3.5 Other Interferometers 8.3.6 A Generic Analysis of Interferometers 9. Holography 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Holography 9.3 Holographic Interferometry 9.3.1 Introduction 9.3.2 Real-Time Holographic Interferometry 9.3.3 Double-Exposure Holographic Interferometry 9.3.4 Sensitivity Vector 9.4 Holographic Photoelasticity 9.4.1 Introduction 9.4.2 Isochromatic-Isopachic Patterns 10. Optical Fiber Strain Sensors 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Optical Fibers 10.2.1 Introduction10.2.2 Structure 10.2.3 Principle of operation 10.2.4 Applications 10.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages 10.3 Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) 10.3.1 Architecture of a FOS 10.3.2 Classification of FOSs 10.3.3 Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) 10.3.4 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGS) 10.3.5 Multiplexing 10.3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of OFSs 10.3.7 Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors 11. Speckle Methods 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Speckle Effect 11.3 Speckle Photography 11.3.1 Introduction 11.3.2 Point-by-Point Interrogation of the Specklegram 11.3.3 Spatial Filtering of the Specklegram 11.4 Speckle Interferometry 11.5 Shearography 11.6 Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) 12. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Essential Steps of DIC 12.3 Speckle Patterning 12.4 Image Digitization 12.5 Intensity Interpolation 12.6 Image Correlation – Displacement Measurement 12.7 2-D and 3-D Displacement Measurements 13. Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Thermoelastic Law 11.3 Infrared Detectors 13.4 Adiabaticity 13.5 Specimen Preparation 13.6 Calibration 13.7 Stress Separation 13.8 Applications 14. Indentation 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Contact Mechanics 14.3 Macro-Indentation Testing 14.3.1 Brinell Test 14.3.2 Meyer Test 14.3.3 Vickers Test 14.3.4 Rockwell Test 14.4 Micro-Indentation testing 14.4.1 Vickers Test 14.4.2 Knoop Test 14.5 Nanoindentation Testing 14.5.1 Introduction 14.5.2 The Elastic Contact Method 14.5.3 Nanoindentation for Measuring Fracture Toughness 15. Nondestructive Testing (NDT) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Dye Penetrant (DPI) 15.2.1 Principle 15.2.2 Application 15.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 15.3 Magnetic Particles Inspection (MPI) 15.3.1 Principle 15.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 15.4 Eddy Currents Inspection (ECI) 15.4.1 Principle 15.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 15.5 X-ray Diffraction 15.5.1 Introduction 15.5.2 X-rays 15.5.3 X-ray Diffraction 15.5.4 Measurement of Strain 15.5.5 Instrumentation 15.6 Ultrasonic Testing (UT) 15.6.1 Introduction 15.6.2 Operation 15.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 15.7 Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) 15.7.1 Introduction 15.7.2 Acoustic Emission Testing 15.7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 16. Residual Stresses – The Hole Drilling Method 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Hole-Drilling Method 16.3 Uniaxial Residual Stresses 16.4 Biaxial Residual Stresses 16.5 Variation of Residual Stresses Through the Thickness 16.6 Nondestructive Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses

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