Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisInternational Investment for Sustainable Development critically examines the interface between sustainability, development, and the governance of international investment. It challenges the conventional view that foreign direct investment is a 'miracle drug' for developing countries and exposes serious shortcomings in the current international investment regime. Composed of norms, agreements, treaties and regulations, the emerging investment regime expands the rights of transnational corporations (TNCs) without commensurate rewards for the common good. Drawing on both research and engaged advocacy, the contributors ultimately map out a new way forward, towards the creation and implementation of international investment rules that will promote global sustainability and equity.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Balancing Rights and Rewards in Investment Rules * Part 1: Links Between Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Sustainability * No Miracle Drug: Foreign Direct Investment and Sustainable Development * FDI and the Environment: What Empirical Evidence Does and Does Not Tell Us? * Governing Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies and Practices Reconsidered * Sustainable Development and Foreign Direct Investment: The Emerging Paradigm in Asia * Part 2: The Governance of International Investment * All Roads Lead Out of Rome: Divergent Paths of Dispute * Settlement in Bilateral Investment Treaties * The Road to Hell? Investor Protections in NAFTA's * The Environment and the Principle of Non-discrimination in Investment Regimes: International and Domestic Institutions * Corporate Governance and Global Disclosure: Let the Sun Shine In * Bibliography, Index

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On its first publication 10 years ago, Natural Capitalism rocked the world of business with its innovative new approach - an approach that fused ecological integrity with business acumen using the radical concept of natural capitalism. This 10th-anniversary edition features a new Introduction by Amory B. Lovins and Paul Hawken which updates the story to include the successes of the last decade. It clearly sets out the path that we must now take to ensure the future prosperity of our civilisation and our planet.

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Book Synopsis'This book aims to inspire the conservation community not to regard poverty reduction as someone else's job but to take responsibility for it as part of ecosystem restoration. Though no solutions are perfect,the text and examples given offer encouraging and useful guidance.' Gill Shepherd, poverty and landscapes thematic leader, IUCN Forest Conservation Programme. 'This book could be the catalyst for a real paradigm shift - not just in capital cities and international conference centres, but also on the ground in locations where poor people are struggling to make a living.' Policy Matters (praise for the first edition). High levels of rural poverty in many of the world's ecosystems make it an ethical and practical imperative to find more equitable and realistic ways of achieving conservation. Livelihoods of the rural poor and options for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity are so intimately entwined that they are better addressed through an integrated approach, irrespective of whether the primary motivation is one of development or one of conservation. This highly accessible book, a revised edition of the 2005 book Poverty and Conservation: Landscapes, People and Power, offers a grand overview of the issues and a conceptual framework for addressing poverty reduction in the context of conservation, and conservation in the context of poverty reduction. It will appeal to professionals working in the field as well as to students across the fields of conservation, development and sustainability. It looks at the rationale for addressing the links between conservation and poverty reduction, arguing that such a focus is both ethically essential and a source of opportunities. It alsoreviews experiences in dealing with people and conservation and identifies some key lessons and concepts. The book presents cases studies illustrating various approaches and a discussion of some of the issues that appear when implementing combined conservation and poverty reduction. The book emphasizes the importance of multiple spatial scales and negotiating trade-offs between scales. It also tackles the complex issue of institutional landscapes and the way in which changes at various institutional levels can lead to different and often more positive outcomes. The Final part summarizes some of the main features of the authors' integrated approach and identifies some of the challenges involved in efforts to combine conservation and poverty reduction. Published with IUCN - The World Conservation Union.Trade Review'The message is clear - conserving the environment makes sound economic sense' CTA Spore.Table of ContentsForeword Introduction Past Experiences Case Studies Scale, Landscapes, Boundaries and Negotiation Structures, Institutions and Rights Linking Conservation and Poverty Reduction

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Book SynopsisAimed at undergraduates and post-graduates in the social sciences, as well as development practitioners, this textbook provides an introduction to the human development and capability approach; it also clarifies key concepts and fosters debate on a number of critical issues. The book offers new perspectives on a wide range of topics, which include the conceptualisation and measurement of well-being and inequality; the role of markets and economic growth in promoting development; the importance of democracy and public debate; culture and religion; health; equality and justice; and the connections between social and economic policy in addressing poverty and inequality. Case studies from across the world are used to illustrate concepts and highlight the relevance of the approach in addressing contemporary development challenges. A set of questions accompanies each chapter for seminar discussion to help readers assimilate central points and apply the approach to diverse realities. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the human development and capability approach for students and practitioners world-wide.Trade Review'This book is essential reading for all those who wish to understand the Human Development and Capability approach to development. It both explains and advances thought on this important and increasingly influential perspective.' Frances Stewart, President, Human Development and Capability Association 'One of the most important influences of the human development approach has been through educational and teaching at all levels. In this tradition, it is great to see this new volume, which provides excellent academic foundations in ways that are accessible for a wide range of potential audiences.' Jeni Klugman, Director and Lead Author of the Human Development Report 'As poverty reduction has become the predominant objective of socio-economic development, the human development and capabilities approach provides the best methodological path to its achievement. The present volume is a major contribution towards operationalizing this approach.' Erik Thorbecke, H.E. Babcock Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Graduate School Professor and former Director of the Program on Comparative Economic Development, Cornell University 'A commendable pioneering effort, which... represents an invaluable guide for all those interested in learning about a new, if still controversial, perspective on development.' Gustav Ranis, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 'a success...represents an excellent introduction to a would-be new paradigm that is currently in the ascendancy..represents an invaluable guide for all those interested in learning about a new, if still controversial, perspective on development.' Gustav Ranis, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2010.Table of ContentsIntroductory Note Part I: Concepts 1. A Normative Framework for Development 2. The Human Development and Capability Approach 3. Ideas Related to Human Development Part II: Topics 4. Economic Growth 5. Equality and Justice 6. Measurement 7. Institutions, Markets and Economic Development 8. Democracy and Political Participation 9. Education 10. Health 11. Culture and Religion Part III: Policy 12. Public Policy Analysis 13. Policy Case Studies Appendix 1: A Human Development Pedagogy Appendix 2: Pictures

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Book SynopsisAlthough climate change affects everybody it is not gender neutral. It has significant social impacts and magnifies existing inequalities such as the disparity between women and men in their vulnerability and ability to cope with this global phenomenon. This new textbook, edited by one of the authors of the seminal Women and the Environment in the Third World: Alliance for the Future (1988) which first exposed the links between environmental degradation and unequal impacts on women, provides a comprehensive introduction to gender aspects of climate change. Over 35 authors have contributed to the book. It starts with a short history of the thinking and practice around gender and sustainable development over the past decades. Next it provides a theoretical framework for analyzing climate change manifestations and policies from the perspective of gender and human security. Drawing on new research, the actual and potential effects of climate change on gender equality and women's vulnerabilities are examined, both in rural and urban contexts. This is illustrated with a rich range of case studies from all over the world and valuable lessons are drawn from these real experiences. Too often women are primarily seen as victims of climate change, and their positive roles as agents of change and contributors to livelihood strategies are neglected. The book disputes this characterization and provides many examples of how women around the world organize and build resilience and adapt to climate change and the role they are playing in climate change mitigation. The final section looks at how far gender mainstreaming in climate mitigation and adaptation has advanced, the policy frameworks in place and how we can move from policy to effective action. Accompanied by a wide range of references and key resources, this book provides students and professionals with an essential, comprehensive introduction to the gender aspects of climate change.Trade Review'This book gives a profound and informative introduction and presents a wide range of case studies that will inform and inspire scholars, policymakers, advisors and students about the relevance of the interlinkages between gender and climate change. Moreover, it guides us towards appropriate policies and calls us to action.' Dr. Nafis Sadik, Former Head of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS Asia and Pacific 'The book Gender and Climate Change: An Introduction brings together a wide range of perspectives, insights and experiences from women and men from all around the world on the nexus between gender and climate change...IUCN's active involvement in gender mainstreaming and capacity building in environment and climate change will certainly benefit from this rich publication.' Julia Marton-Lef vre, Director-General , International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)Table of ContentsForeword Testimony 1. Introduction: Exploring Gender, Environment and Climate Change Part I THE ANALYSIS 2. Gender, Environment and Climate Change: understanding the linkages 3. Climate Change, Human Security and Gender Case 3.1 Climate Change and Women's Voices from India 4. Cities, Climate Change and Gender: A Brief Overview Case 4.1 Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases by Informal Waste Recyclers in Delhi, India Case 4.2 Gender Mainstreaming in the Climate Change Response of Sorsogon City, the Philippines Part II REALITIES ON THE GROUND 5.2 Gender Dimensions, Climate Change and Food Security of Farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India 5.3 The Gender Impact of Climate Change in Nigeria 5.4 Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change in Limpopo Province, South Africa 5.5 Gender Perspectives in Adaptation Strategies: the Case of Pintadas Solar in the Semi-Arid Region of Brazil 5.6 Climate Change and Indigenous Women in Colombia 5.7 Gender Aspects of Climate Change in the U.S. Gulf Coast Region 5.8 Women at Work: Mitigation Opportunities at the Intersection of Reproductive Justice and Climate Justice Part III STRATEGIES AND ACTION 6. Establishing the Linkages between Gender and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Lorena Aguilar, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Costa Rica 7. Climate Change and Gender: Policies in Place 8. Why More Attention to Gender and Class Can Help Combat Climate Change and Poverty 9. Women Organizing for a Healthy Climate 9.1 Climate Justice through Energy and Gender Justice: Strengthening Gender Equality in Accessing Sustainable Energy in the EECCA region 9.2 National Federation of Women's Institutes: Women Organizing for a Healthy Climate 9.3 Women and the Environmental justice Movement in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria 10. Epilogue: From Divergence towards Convergence 10.1 Gender-disaggregated Data for Assessing the Impact of Climate Change 10.2 Gender and Climate Information: A Case Study from Limpopo Province, South Africa Index

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Book SynopsisBlending traditional and modern skills, this is a comprehensive and practical guide for all students of woodwork. Subjects covered include tools, doors, windows, floors, roofs, stairs and access.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on the premise that being good is just not good enough in today's competitive environment. For hotel owners and managers who want to achieve lasting business success through a root and branch review of key processes, How To Run a Great Hotel is a 'must read'. It will serve as a personal business consultant for the hotel professional, probing and testing their thinking across four critical themes which are proven to drive excellence. The content focuses less on day-to-day operations and more on big picture concerns such as strategy development, enhancing leadership skills, engaging employees and attaining customer focus, all of which are central to building a great hotel. Without clear direction in these important areas to guide activities, ongoing daily effort can be counterproductive. It's easy for hoteliers to lose sight of their goals when, engulfed by operational demands, they are often forced to just do rather than to think about what they are doing. This book provides the reader with an opportunity to step back and take a fresh look at their hotel, no matter where it currently lies in its life cycle. The purpose of the book is to get them to question what it is they are doing, why they are doing it and to offer guidance on how they can make it even better. The book is easy to read, practical, and action oriented. It will help the reader to define clear plans with measurable goals for improved personal and business performance.Contents: Acknowledgements; Foreword; Preface; Introduction; Theme 1 - Define Direction; Chapter 1. What is a strategic map and how can it help you to achieve excellence?; Chapter 2. How can you create a strategic map for your hotel?; Chapter 3. How can you measure the impact of your strategic map over time?; Theme 2 - Lead to Suceed; Chapter 4. What does leading people actually involve?; Chapter 5. How can you improve leadership effectiveness at your hotel?; Chapter 6. How can you measure leadership effectiveness over time?; Theme 3 - Engage Your Employees; Chapter 7. What does engaging your employees actually involve?; Chapter 8. What can you do to more fully engage your employees?; 9. How can you measure employee engagement levels over time?; Theme 4 - Captivate your customers; Chapter 10. What is SERVICEPLUSONE and why is it important?; Chapter 11. How can you attain SERVICEPLUSONE at your hotel?; Chapter 12. How can you measure the impact of SERVICEPLUSONE over time?; Make it Happen; Theme 1 - Define Direction; Theme 2 - Lead to Suceed; Theme 3 - Engage Your Employees; Theme 4 - Captivate Your Customers; Looking ahead; Tools and Resources; Index.Trade Review'Easy to read, practical and amusing.' Essentially Catering 'Supports experienced and aspiring hotel professional by providing a jargo free and user-friendly guide which translates the theory of excellence into practice in a meaningful way.' www.ehotelier.com. 'A book that anyone in a senior management role should read, and then re-read. You may find it difficult to set aside the time to read the book, but I urge you to. You will find yourself snorting when he hits the nails on the head regarding issues that we all face.' www.caterersearch.com.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Foreword; Preface; Introduction; Theme 1 - Define Direction; Chapter 1. What is a strategic map and how can it help you to achieve excellence?; Chapter 2. How can you create a strategic map for your hotel?; Chapter 3. How can you measure the impact of your strategic map over time?; Theme 2 - Lead to Suceed; Chapter 4. What does leading people actually involve?; Chapter 5. How can you improve leadership effectiveness at your hotel?; Chapter 6. How can you measure leadership effectiveness over time?; Theme 3 - Engage Your Employees; Chapter 7. What does engaging your employees actually involve?; Chapter 8. What can you do to more fully engage your employees?; 9. How can you measure employee engagement levels over time?; Theme 4 - Captivate your customers; Chapter 10. What is SERVICEPLUSONE and why is it important?; Chapter 11. How can you attain SERVICEPLUSONE at your hotel?; Chapter 12. How can you measure the impact of SERVICEPLUSONE over time?; Make it Happen; Theme 1 - Define Direction; Theme 2 - Lead to Suceed; Theme 3 - Engage Your Employees; Theme 4 - Captivate Your Customers; Looking ahead; Tools and Resources; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis fully revised, expanded and updated edition of the successful text, Onions and Other Vegetable Alliums, relates the production and utilization of these familiar and important vegetable crops to the many aspects of plant science underpinning their production and storage technologies. Chapters cover species and crop types, plant structure, genetics and breeding, physiology of growth and development as well as pests and diseases, production agronomy, storage after harvest and the biochemistry of flavour, storage carbohydrates and colour and how this relates to nutritional and health benefits. From this wide perspective it is possible to see many examples where underlying scientific knowledge illuminates, explains and can improve agronomic practice. The reader will get an insight into how molecular methods are revolutionizing the study of taxonomy, genetics, pathology and physiology and how these methods are being applied in the breeding of improved crops.Table of Contents1: The Classification, Origins, Distribution and Economic Importance of the Major Vegetable Crops 2: The Structure of Edible Alliums 3: The Genetics and Plant Breeding of Allium Crops 4: Physiology of Crop Growth, Development and Yield 5: Interactions with Other Organisms: Weeds, Pests, Diseases and Symbionts 6: Agronomy and Crop Protection 7: Crop Storage and Dormancy 8: Biochemistry, Health Benefits and Food Science of Alliums"

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Book SynopsisCitrus fruit, originating in Southeast Asia, have been cultivated and enjoyed for over 4000 years. Moreover, they are grown in nearly every country within 40°north-south latitude, the major producers being China, Brazil, the USA, and countries bordering the Mediterranean. This new edition continues to adopt an international perspective on citrus, covering its biology and cultivation as well as considering issues in the citrus industry and providing examples from around the world. The authors include discussion on important topics such as biotechnical advances in citrus genetics, current techniques in breeding, the role of climatic factors in worldwide production, the importance of rootstocks, plant husbandry, pests and diseases, and postharvest technology. They emphasize current theories and technological advances in citriculture, citing specific examples of how they are used and in which regions. Citrus 2nd edition describes the scientific basis of production practices and is aimed at professionals in the industry as well as advanced students of horticulture and allied disciplines within plant science and food science.Table of Contents1: HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION AND USES OF CITRUS FRUIT 2: TAXONOMY, CULTIVARS AND BREEDING 3: ROOTSTOCKS 4: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CITRUS 5: PLANT HUSBANDRY 6: ARTHROPOD PESTS 7: DISEASES 8: FRUIT QUALITY, HARVESTING AND POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY

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Book SynopsisModel studies focus experimental investigations to improve our understanding and performance of systems. Concentrating on crop modeling, this book provides an introduction to the concepts of crop development, growth, and yield, with step-by-step outlines to each topic, suggested exercises and simple equations. A valuable text for students and researchers of crop development alike, this book is written in five parts that allow the reader to develop a solid foundation and coverage of production models including water- and nitrogen-limited systems.Table of ContentsPart I: Background 1: What is a crop model? 2: Fundamental Guides in Constructing Crop Models 3: Evaluation of Model to Meet Objectives 4: Applications of Crop Models 5: Status of Crop Modeling Part II: Potential Production Models 6: Phenology - Temperature 7: Phenology - Temperature & Photoperiod 8: Phenology - Vernalization 9: Crop Leaf Area 10: Dry Matter Production 11: Dry Matter Distribution and Yield Formation 12: A Model for Potential Production Part III: Water-Limited Models 13: Soil Water 14: Soil Water Balance 15: Plant Responses to Soil Water Deficit and Excess 16: A Model for Water-Limited Conditions Part IV: Nitrogen-Limited Models 17: Plant Nitrogen Budget 18: Soil Nitrogen Balance 19: A Model for Nitrogen-Limited Conditions 20: Appendices

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Loch Gairloch (1:40 000) Kyleakin (1:40 000) Portree (1:25 000) Uig (1:35 000) Dunvegan (1:40 000) Loch Boisdale (South Uist) (1:25 000) Loch Carnan (1:20 000) Loch Maddy (1:40 000) East Loch Tarbert (1:60 000) St Kilda (1:150 000) On this 2016 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied throughout. The amendments to the firing practice areas are included and there has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisOn this July 2016 edition the latest information on firing practice areas is shown, as are the latest details of Marine Reserves. Harbour developments are shown on plans of Livorno, La Spezia and Golfo Marconi. Plans included: San Remo (1:15 000) Approaches to Genova (1:75 000) Golfo Marconi (1:40 000) Approaches to La Spezia (1:37 500) Viareggio (1:20 000) Approaches to Livorno (1:50 000)

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Book SynopsisPlans included:Macinaggio (1:10 000)Bastia (1:15 000)Approaches to Calvi (1:35 000)Ajaccio (1:12 500)Approach to Propriano (1:20 000)Bonifacio (1:12 500)Iles Lavezzi (1:50 000)On this 2016 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied where available. Completed harbour developments are included at Propriano.The soon to be adopted 'In the Corsica Channel' Traffic Separation Scheme is shown.The chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisPlans included:Kinsale Harbour (1:20 000)Cork Lower Harbour (1:35 000)Crosshaven (1:15 000)Youghal Harbour (1:25 000)Dungarvan Harbour (1:32 500)Waterford Harbour (1:55 000)Dunmore East Harbour (1:6000)Kilmore (1:25 000)Cork continuation to East Ferry Marina (1:35 000)On this 2017 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied. The chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Kali Limenes (1:12 500) Ormos Ay. Galinis (1:7500) Palaiokhora (1:15 000) Ormos Gramvousa (1:27 500) Khania (1:7500) Ormos Soudhas (1:100 000) Rethimno (1:15 000) On this 2017 edition the latest firing practice areas are shown. The chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Le Havre Yacht Harbour (1:10 000) Honfleur (1:15 000) Deauville/Trouville (1:15 000) Dives-sur-Mer (1:50 000) Ouistreham (1:25 000) Courseulles-sur-Mer (1:20 000) Arromanches (1:35 000) Port-en-Bessin (1:10 000) Grandcamp-Maisy (1:6000) Baie du Grand Vey (1:75 000) Saint-Vaast-La-Hougue (1:20 000) Barfleur (1:15 000) Cherbourg (1:40 000) Port Chantereyne (Cherbourg) (1:10 000) On this 2017 edition the latest depth information has been included where available. The chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisThe classic text on robot manipulators now covers visual control, motion planning and mobile robots too!Based on the successful Modelling and Control of Robot Manipulators by Sciavicco and Siciliano (Springer, 2000), Robotics provides the basic know-how on the foundations of robotics: modelling, planning and control. It has been expanded to include coverage of mobile robots, visual control and motion planning. A variety of problems is raised throughout, and the proper tools to find engineering-oriented solutions are introduced and explained.The text includes coverage of fundamental topics like kinematics, and trajectory planning and related technological aspects including actuators and sensors.To impart practical skill, examples and case studies are carefully worked out and interwoven through the text, with frequent resort to simulation. In addition, end-of-chapter exercises are proposed, and the book is accompanied by an electronic solutions manual containing the MATLAB® code for computer problems; this is available free of charge to those adopting this volume as a textbook for courses.Trade ReviewRobotics: Modelling, Planning and Control is a book that comprehensively covers all aspects of robotic fundamentals. It is particularly an excellent text for graduate educators, as it covers the fundamentals of the field with a rigorous formalism that is well blended with the technological aspects of robotics. The text covers in detail the theory of manipulators and wheeled robots starting with kinematics, dynamics and motion control, as well interaction with the environment through perception - force and vision sensors. The book is written by technical authorities in the field, and will be in invaluable addition to graduate education as well as a useful guide for industrial practitioners. Alexander Zelinsky, CSIRO, Australia Robotics is a diverse field bringing together disparate areas from computer science, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. This book is an integrative but rigorous treatment of all the relevant concepts, with an eye toward modern, practical applications making it an excellent choice for a first year graduate course in robotics. Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania This book provides rock-solid foundations for the study of classical mechanics and control of robots, with the authoritative character of a reference where you can surely find the correct expression and the rigorous derivation of the results you need. On top of this, new chapters on motion planning, visual servoing, and mobile robot control provide support to teaching wider and more interdisciplinary aspects of robotics, and open up vistas that will certainly inspire a new generation of scholars to embrace this incredibly rich and fertile research field. Antonio Bicchi, University of Pisa, Italy This book offers a well-balanced and intellectually satisfying treatment of robot mechanics, planning, and control – from the choice and sequence of topics, to the level of detail in the analysis, and the clear connections made between the latest technologies and the theoretical foundations of robotics, this book is an essential element in the library of every aspiring young robotics researcher. Frank Chongwoo Park, Seoul National University Robotics: Modeling, Planning and Control is a historiography from the materialistic view of robotics. Authors clearly explain physical and mathematical foundation to understand the most up-to-date robotics, so faithfully to bibliography and terminology in robotics. Unquestionably, the best textbook for senior students and graduate students and the closest reference book for engineers and scientists! Yoshihiko Nakamura, University of Tokyo Exceptional! A text with such a span of robotics fundamentals and advanced research in both manipulation and mobility, and a treatment that creatively balances mathematical depth and physical intuition – a fresh and certainly unique reference for researchers and engineers in the field of robotics. Oussama Khatib, Stanford University Certainly because of its youth, robotics is not always considered as a discipline as such. It is often introduced as a technological "area" integrating various aspects of mechanics, automatic control and computer science. Such a dispersed view is prejudicial for students. The book by Siciliano et al. achieves the introduction of the basic concepts in a coherent, self-contained and didactic way. In that sense, when reading Robotics: Modelling, Planning and Control the reader – from the undergraduate student to the researcher – understands that a new discipline is born, with its own foundations. Jean-Paul Laumond, LAAS-CNRSTable of ContentsKinematics.- Differential Kinematics and Statics.- Trajectory Planning.- Actuators and Sensors.- Control Architecture.- Dynamics.- Motion Control.- Force Control.- Visual Servoing.- Mobile Robots.- Motion Planning.

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Book SynopsisIn the late 1990s, there was an explosion of research on ionic liquids and they are now a major topic of academic and industrial interest with numerous existing and potential applications. Since then, the number of scientific papers focusing on ionic liquids has risen exponentially, including a few edited multi-author books covering the latest advances in ionic liquids chemistry and several volumes of symposium proceedings. Much of the content in these books and volumes is written using technical jargon that only scientists at the cutting edge of ionic liquids research will understand and ionic liquids are hardly covered in most modern chemistry textbooks. This is the first single-author book on ionic liquids and the first introductory book on the topic. It is written in a clear, concise and consistent way. The book provides a useful introduction to ionic liquids for those readers who are not familiar with the topic. It is also wide ranging, embracing every aspect of the chemistry and applications of ionic liquids. The book draws extensively on the primary scientific literature to provide numerous examples of research on ionic liquids. These examples will enable the reader to become familiar with the key developments in ionic liquids chemistry over recent years. The book provides an introduction to: ionic liquids; their nomenclature; history; physical, chemical and biological properties; and their wide ranging uses and potential applications in catalysis, electrochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analysis, biotechnology, green chemistry and clean technology. Notable and important chapters include "The Green Credentials of Ionic Liquids" and "Biotechnology." The chapter on "Applications" includes sections with brief descriptions of recent research on the development of ionic liquids: - for the construction of a liquid mirror for a moon telescope - for use as rocket propellants - for use as antimicrobial agents that combat MRSA - as active pharmaceutical ingredients and antiviral drugs - for embalming and tissue preservation Science students, researchers, teachers in academic institutions and chemists and other scientists in industry and government laboratories will find the book an invaluable introduction to one of the most rapidly advancing and exciting fields of science and technology today.Trade Review"If there ever was a case of a reporter becoming part of the story, it would have to be Michael FreemantleÆs pivotal role in the growth of the field now known as ionic liquids." Robin D.Rogers * Chemical and Engineering News, November 29th 2010, Robin D Rogers *"This well-crafted book by Freemantle is distinct from other recent volumes on the subject. à FreemantleÆs book begins with a review of IL synthesis and properties and then concisely describes the diverse applications and merits of ILs in many à of the areas in which they are currently used. This book is both scholarly and a great read. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through professionals."P. G. Heiden * Choice, Vol. 47 (11), August, 2010 *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: History; Chapter 3: Synthesis of Ionic Liquids; Chapter 4: Properties of Ionic Liquids; Chapter 5: Ionic Liquids as Designer Solvents; Chapter 6: The Green Credentials of Ionic Liquids; Chapter 7: Electrochemistry; Chapter 8: Catalysis; Chapter 9: Inorganic Chemistry; Chapter 10: General Organic Reactions; Chapter 11: Named Organic Reactions; Chapter 12: Biotechnology; Chapter 13: Analysis; Chapter 14: Applications; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisUrban air quality is a topic which remains high on the scientific and political agenda. Concentrations of most air pollutants are higher in urban areas than in the surrounding rural regions, and given the high population densities, it is within urban areas that the majority of the population receive their air pollutant exposure. Despite the continued implementation of abatement measures, concentrations of air pollutants within urban areas frequently exceed health-based guidelines and stricter measures to restrict emissions are required. This comprehensive volume, written by authoritative authors, deals with the basic science of urban air pollution in relation to the sources and concentrations, and the atmospheric chemical and physical processes which determine those concentrations and lead to the formation of secondary pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. The health effects of urban air pollution are described as is the policy response designed to mitigate the problems. Some of the highest air pollutant exposures occur within underground railway systems and this topic is considered explicitly in its own chapter. With comprehensive coverage from sources through atmospheric processes, to human exposure and effects on health and the policy response, this topical work will be of interest to scientists and policy makers within this field as well advanced students.Table of ContentsUrban air pollution climates throughout the world Influences of meteorology on air pollution process and concentrations Atmospheric chemical processes important in cities Air pollution in underground railway systems Human exposure: indoor and outdoor Health effects of urban air pollution The policy response to improving urban air quality

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Book Synopsis"I have been looking for a book which does this for ages! It provides a clear explanation of the different elements and concepts which underpin how the planning system works and which are fundamental to the operation of the UK system. It also provides good guidance on further reading. A real assett to anyone wanting to understand the nature of planning in the UK" - Dr Catherine Hammond, Architecture and Planning, Sheffield Hallam University Key Concepts in Planning forms part of an innovative set of companion texts for the human geography sub-disciplines. Organized around 19 short essays, the book provides a cutting edge introduction to the central concepts that define contemporary research in planning. Involving detailed and expansive discussions, the text includes: An introductory chapter providing a succinct overview of the recent developments in the field. 18 key concept entries with comprehensive explanations, definitions and evolutions of the subject. Detailed suggested further reading for each concept discussed. It is an ideal companion text for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students in planning, and covers the expected staples of the discipline in an accessible style.Trade ReviewIf I had to point out a weakness in the book, it would be hard: perhaps the fact that many examples and concepts derive from the town and country planning system in the United Kingdom, which is one of the urban and regional systems that historically has shaped cities and regions in our world...This is a very good book, and will give guidance not only for "upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students in planning" as the series editor writes on the book’s cover, but also to the planners that are doing planning and wish to remember exactly why they do planning. -- Itzhak (Kiki) AharonovitzTable of ContentsIntroduction Plan and Planning Sustainability and Sustainable Development Networks Systems and Complexity Hierarchy Implementation Designations Public Interest and Interests Negotiation Mobility and Accessibility Rights and Property Rights Place and Sense of Place Community Capital Externalities and Impacts Competitiveness Amenity Development

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Book SynopsisSmall-scale pig keeping is expanding, not only in the countryside but also in urban areas. However, at the outset the prospect of owning pigs can be frightening for the uninitiated. Pigs for the Freezer is aimed at the small-scale producer in a suburban or urban environment as well as smallholders who want to keep a few pigs for the first time. It guides the reader through the day-to-day routine of looking after pigs and provides essential information. Moreover, it touches on the emotional side of sending your pigs to slaughter and demonstrates how the carcasses should be butchered. Finally, the author provides a selection of delicious recipes using just about every part of the pig, including the ears. Subjects covered include: Choosing a breed to fit your environment and requirements Buying stock with the freezer in mind Urban pig keeping Housing, equipment and training courses Pig keeping on a small budget The daily routine procedures, pig health and welfare, and rules and regulations Sending your pigs to the abattoir Butchery, smoking and curing, sausage making and specialist meats Pigs as a tool for managing the land, forests, coppices and moorland

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Book SynopsisThis second edition with four additional chapters presents the physical principles and solution techniques for transient propagation in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. The application domains vary including contaminant transport with or without sorption, the motion of immiscible hydrocarbons in aquifers, pipe transients, open channel and shallow water flow, and compressible gas dynamics. The mathematical formulation is covered from the angle of conservation laws, with an emphasis on multidimensional problems and discontinuous flows, such as steep fronts and shock waves. Finite difference-, finite volume- and finite element-based numerical methods (including discontinuous Galerkin techniques) are covered and applied to various physical fields. Additional chapters include the treatment of geometric source terms, as well as direct and adjoint sensitivity modeling for hyperbolic conservation laws. A concluding chapter is devoted to practical recommendations to the modeler. Application exercises with on-line solutions are proposed at the end of the chapters.Trade Review"However, for practitioners this book can give an insight into physical phenomena of wave propagation in fluids." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011) Table of ContentsIntroduction xv Chapter 1. Scalar Hyperbolic Conservation Laws in One Dimension of Space 1 1.1. Definitions 1 1.2. Determination of the solution 9 1.3. A linear law: the advection equation 14 1.4. A convex law: the inviscid Burgers equation 21 1.5. Another convex law: the kinematic wave for free-surface hydraulics 28 1.6. A non-convex conservation law: the Buckley-Leverett equation 35 1.7. Advection with adsorption/desorption 42 1.8. Summary of Chapter 1 47 Chapter 2. Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws in One Dimension of Space 53 2.1. Definitions 53 2.2. Determination of the solution 59 2.3. A particular case: compressible flows 63 2.4. A linear 2×2 system: the water hammer equations 68 2.5. A nonlinear 2×2 system: the Saint Venant equations 84 2.6. A nonlinear 3×3 system: the Euler equations 108 2.7. Summary of Chapter 2 122 Chapter 3. Weak Solutions and their Properties 131 3.1. Appearance of discontinuous solutions 131 3.2. Classification of waves 138 3.3. Simple waves 142 3.4. Weak solutions and their properties 144 3.5. Summary 157 Chapter 4. The Riemann Problem 161 4.1. Definitions – solution properties 161 4.2. Solution for scalar conservation laws 165 4.3. Solution for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws 173 4.4. Summary 189 Chapter 5. Multidimensional Hyperbolic Systems 193 5.1. Definitions 193 5.2. Derivation from conservation principles 197 5.3. Solution properties 200 5.4. Application: the two-dimensional shallow water equations 208 5.5. Summary 221 Chapter 6. Finite Difference Methods for Hyperbolic Systems 223 6.1. Discretization of time and space 223 6.2. The method of characteristics (MOC) 227 6.3. Upwind schemes for scalar laws 244 6.4. The Preissmann scheme 250 6.5. Centered schemes 260 6.6. TVD schemes 263 6.7. The flux splitting technique 271 6.8. Conservative discretizations: Roe’s matrix 280 6.9. Multidimensional problems 284 6.10. Summary 289 Chapter 7. Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Systems 293 7.1. Principle 293 7.2. Godunov’s scheme 299 7.3. Higher-order Godunov-type schemes 313 7.4. EVR approach 319 7.5. Summary 326 Chapter 8. Finite Element Methods for Hyperbolic Systems 329 8.1. Principle for one-dimensional scalar laws 329 8.2. One-dimensional hyperbolic systems 340 8.3. Extension to multidimensional problems 344 8.4. Discontinuous Galerkin techniques 347 8.5. Application examples 354 8.6. Summary 368 Chapter 9. Treatment of Source Terms 371 9.1. Introduction 371 9.2. Problem position 372 9.3. Source term upwinding techniques 377 9.4. The quasi-steady wave algorithm 386 9.5. Balancing techniques 390 9.6. Computational example 403 9.7. Summary 408 Chapter 10. Sensitivity Equations for Hyperbolic Systems 411 10.1. Introduction 411 10.2. Forward sensitivity equations for scalar laws 413 10.3. Forward sensitivity equations for hyperbolic systems 422 10.4. Adjoint sensitivity equations 435 10.5. Finite volume solution of the forward sensitivity equations 441 10.6. Summary 447 Chapter 11. Modeling in Practice 449 11.1. Modeling software 449 11.2. Mesh quality 454 11.3. Boundary conditions 459 11.4. Numerical parameters 464 11.5. Simplifications in the governing equations 466 11.6. Numerical solution assessment 472 11.7. Getting started with a simulation package 477 Appendix A. Linear Algebra 479 Appendix B. Numerical Analysis 487 Appendix C. Approximate Riemann Solvers 505 Appendix D. Summary of the Formulae 521 Bibliography 527 Index 537

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with electromagnetic theory and its applications at the level of a senior-level undergraduate course for science and engineering. The basic concepts and mathematical analysis are clearly developed and the important applications are analyzed. Each chapter contains numerous problems ranging in difficulty from simple applications to challenging. The answers for the problems are given at the end of the book. Some chapters which open doors to more advanced topics, such as wave theory, special relativity, emission of radiation by charges and antennas, are included. The material of this book allows flexibility in the choice of the topics covered. Knowledge of basic calculus (vectors, differential equations and integration) and general physics is assumed. The required mathematical techniques are gradually introduced. After a detailed revision of time-independent phenomena in electrostatics and magnetism in vacuum, the electric and magnetic properties of matter are discussed. Induction, Maxwell equations and electromagnetic waves, their reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction are also studied in some detail. Four additional topics are introduced: guided waves, relativistic electrodynamics, particles in an electromagnetic field and emission of radiation. A useful appendix on mathematics, units and physical constants is included. Contents 1. Prologue. 2. Electrostatics in Vacuum. 3. Conductors and Currents. 4. Dielectrics. 5. Special Techniques and Approximation Methods. 6. Magnetic Field in Vacuum. 7. Magnetism in Matter. 8. Induction. 9. Maxwell’s Equations. 10. Electromagnetic Waves. 11. Reflection, Interference, Diffraction and Diffusion. 12. Guided Waves. 13. Special Relativity and Electrodynamics. 14. Motion of Charged Particles in an Electromagnetic Field. 15. Emission of Radiation.Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Symbols xv Chapter 1. Prologue 1 1.1. Scalars and vectors 2 1.2. Effect of rotations on scalars and vectors 5 1.3. Integrals involving vectors 7 1.4. Gradient and curl, conservative field and scalar potential 8 1.5. Divergence, conservative flux, and vector potential 10 1.6. Other properties of the vector differential operator 10 1.7. Invariance and physical laws 11 1.8. Electric charges in nature 14 1.9. Interactions in nature 18 1.10. Problems 19 Chapter 2. Electrostatics in Vacuum 23 2.1. Electric forces and field 23 2.2. Electric energy and potential 25 2.3. The two fundamental laws of electrostatics 26 2.4. Poisson’s equation and its solutions 29 2.5. Symmetries of the electric field and potential 31 2.6. Electric dipole 34 2.7. Electric field and potential of simple charge configurations 38 2.8. Some general properties of the electric field and potential 39 2.9. Electrostatic energy of a system of charges 42 2.10. Electrostatic binding energy of ionic crystals and atomic nuclei 48 2.11. Interaction-at-a-distance and local interaction* 50 2.12. Problems 52 Chapter 3. Conductors and Currents 61 3.1. Conductors in equilibrium 61 3.2. Conductors with cavities, electric shielding 64 3.3. Capacitors 66 3.4. Mutual electric influence of conductors 72 3.5. Electric forces between conductors 73 3.6. Currents and current densities 76 3.7. Classical model of conduction, Ohm’s law and the Joule effect 79 3.8. Resistance of conductors 81 3.9. Variation of resistivity with temperature, superconductivity 82 3.10. Band theory of conduction, semiconductors* 84 3.11. Electric circuits 90 3.12. Problems 92 Chapter 4. Dielectrics 97 4.1. Effects of dielectric on capacitors 97 4.2. Polarization of dielectrics 99 4.3. Microscopic interpretation of polarization 100 4.4. Polarization charges in dielectric 102 4.5. Potential and field of polarized dielectrics 103 4.6. Gauss’s law in the case of dielectrics, electric displacement 105 4.7. Electrostatic equations in dielectrics 106 4.8. Field and potential of permanent dielectrics 109 4.9. Polarization of a dielectric in an external field 113 4.10. Energy and force in dielectrics 115 4.11. Action of an electric field on a polarized medium 116 4.12. Electric susceptibility and permittivity 118 4.13. Variation of polarization with temperature 120 4.14. Nonlinear dielectrics and non-isotropic dielectrics 122 4.15. Problems 124 Chapter 5. Special Techniques and Approximation Methods 127 5.1. Unicity of the solution 128 5.2. Method of images 130 5.3. Method of analytic functions 134 5.4. Method of separation of variables 135 5.5. Laplace’s equation in Cartesian coordinates 136 5.6. Laplace’s equation in spherical coordinates 138 5.7. Laplace’s equation in cylindrical coordinates143 5.8. Multipole expansion 146 5.9. Other methods 147 5.10. Problems 149 Chapter 6. Magnetic Field in Vacuum 153 6.1. Force exerted by a magnetic field on a moving charge 153 6.2. Force exerted by a magnetic field on a current, Laplace’s force 155 6.3. Magnetic flux and vector potential 157 6.4. Magnetic field of particles and currents, Biot-Savart’s law 159 6.5. Magnetic moment 161 6.6. Symmetries of the magnetic field 165 6.7. Ampère’s law in the integral form 167 6.8. Field and potential of some simple circuits 169 6.9. Equations of time-independent magnetism in vacuum, singularities of B 174 6.10. Magnetic energy of a circuit in a field B 178 6.11. Magnetic forces 180 6.12. Question of magnetic monopoles* 186 6.13. Problems188 Chapter 7. Magnetism in Matter 195 7.1. Types of magnetism 195 7.2. Diamagnetism and paramagnetism 197 7.3. Magnetization current 201 7.4. Magnetic field and vector potential in the presence of magnetic matter 203 7.5. Ampère’s law in the integral form in the presence of magnetic matter 204 7.6. Equations of time-independent magnetism in the presence of matter 206 7.7. Discontinuities of the magnetic field 209 7. 8. Examples of calculation of the field of permanent magnets 211 7.9. Magnetization of a body in an external field 214 7.10. Magnetic susceptibility, nonlinear mediums and non-isotropic mediums 216 7.11. Action of a magnetic field on a magnetic body 218 7.12. Magnetic energy in matter 220 7.13. Variation of magnetization with temperature 221 7.14. Ferromagnetism 224 7.15. Magnetic circuits 227 7.16. Problems 229 Chapter 8. Induction 233 8.1. Induction due to the variation of the flux, Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws 233 8.2. Neumann’s induction 235 8.3. Lorentz induction 236 8.4. Lorentz induction and the Galilean transformation of fields 239 8.5. Mutual inductance and self-inductance 240 8.6. LR circuit 244 8.7. Magnetic energy 247 8.8. Magnetic forces acting on circuits 249 8.9. Some applications of induction 252 8.10. Problems 256 Chapter 9. Maxwell’s Equations 263 9.1. Fundamental laws of electromagnetism 263 9.2. Maxwell’s equations 267 9.3. Electromagnetic potentials and gauge transformation 270 9.4. Quasi-permanent approximation 272 9.5. Discontinuities on the interface of two mediums 276 9.6. Electromagnetic energy and Poynting vector 277 9.7. Electromagnetic pressure, Maxwell’s tensor 278 9.8. Problems 280 Chapter 10. Electromagnetic Waves 283 10.1. A short review on waves 284 10.2. Electromagnetic waves in infinite vacuum and dielectrics 291 10.3. Polarization of electromagnetic waves 295 10.4. Energy and intensity of plane electromagnetic waves 299 10.5. Momentum and angular momentum densities, radiation pressure 301 10.6. A simple model of dispersion 304 10.7. Electromagnetic waves in conductors 308 10.8. Electromagnetic waves in plasmas 314 10.9. Quantization of electromagnetic waves 320 10.10. Electromagnetic spectrum 321 10.11. Emission of electromagnetic radiations 323 10.12. Spontaneous and stimulated emissions 325 10.13. Problems 328 Chapter 11. Reflection, Interference, Diffraction and Diffusion 337 11.1. General laws of reflection and refraction 337 11.2. Reflection and refraction on the interface of two dielectrics 340 11.3. Total reflection 346 11.4. Reflection on a conductor 349 11.5. Reflection on a plasma 352 11.6. Interference of two electromagnetic waves 353 11.7. Superposition of several waves, conditions for observable interference 355 11.8. Huygens-Fresnel’s principle and diffraction by an aperture 357 11.9. Diffraction by an obstacle, Babinet’s theorem 363 11.10. Diffraction by several randomly distributed identical apertures 364 11.11. Diffraction grating 365 11.12. X-ray diffraction 368 11.13. Diffusion of waves* 370 11.14. Cross-section* 375 11.15. Problems 378 Chapter 12. Guided Waves 389 12.1. Transmission lines 390 12.2. Guided waves 394 12.3. Waveguides formed by two plane and parallel plates 397 12.4. Guided electromagnetic waves in a hollow conductor 400 12.5. Energy propagation in waveguides 404 12.6. Cavities 406 12.7. Applications of waveguides 407 12.8. Problems 409 Chapter 13. Special Relativity and Electrodynamics 413 13.1. Galilean relativity in mechanics 414 13.2. Galilean relativity and wave theory* 415 13.3. The 19th Century experiments on the velocity of light 420 13.4. Special theory of relativity 421 13.5. Four-dimensional formalism 424 13.6. Elements of relativistic mechanics 427 13.7. Special relativity and wave theory* 430 13.8. Elements of relativistic electrodynamics 434 13.9. Problems 438 Chapter 14. Motion of Charged Particles in an Electromagnetic Field 443 14.1. Motion of a charged particle in an electric field 443 14.2. Bohr model for the hydrogen atom* 447 14.3. Rutherford’s scattering * 450 14.4. Motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field 451 14.5. Motion in crossed electric and magnetic fields 457 14.6. Magnetic moment in a magnetic field 459 14.7. Problems 461 Chapter 15. Emission of Radiation 467 15.1. Retarded potentials and fields 467 15.2. Dipole radiation 469 15.3. Electric dipole radiation 470 15.4. Magnetic dipole radiation 474 15.5. Antennas 476 15.6. Potentials and fields of a charged particle* 479 15.7. Case of a charged particle with constant velocity * 482 15.8. Radiated energy by a moving charge 484 15.9. Problems 486 Answers to Some Problems 491 Appendix A. Mathematical Review 511 Appendix B. Units in Physics 527 Appendix C. Some Physical Constants 533 Further Reading 535 Index 537

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Book SynopsisProviding a detailed overview of the fundamentals and latest developments in the field of energy autonomous microsystems, this book delivers an in-depth study of the applications in the fields of health and usage monitoring in aeronautics, medical implants, and home automation, drawing out the main specifications on such systems. Introductory information on photovoltaic, thermal and mechanical energy harvesting, and conversion, is given, along with the latest results in these fields. This book also provides a state of the art of ultra-low power sensor interfaces, digital signal processing and wireless communications. In addition, energy optimizations at the sensor node and sensors network levels are discussed, thus completing this overview. This book details the challenges and latest techniques available to readers who are interested in this field. A major strength of this book is that the first three chapters are application orientated and thus, by setting the landscape, introduce the technical chapters. There is also a good balance between the technical application, covering all the system-related aspects and, within each chapter, details on the physics, materials and technologies associated with electronics. Contents Introduction. Introduction to Energy Autonomous Micro
and Nano Systems and Presentation of Contributions, Marc Belleville and Cyril Condemine. 1. Sensors at the Core of Building Control, Gilles Chabanis, Laurent Chiesi, Hynek Raisigel,
Isabelle Ressejac and Véronique Boutin. 2. Toward Energy Autonomous MedicalImplants, Raymond Campagnolo and Daniel Kroiss. 3. Energy Autonomous Systems in Aeronautic Applications, Thomas Becker, Jirka Klaue and Martin Kluge. 4. Energy Harvesting by Photovoltaic Effect, Emmanuelle Rouvière, Simon Perraud, Cyril Condemine and
Guy Waltisperger. 5. Mechanical Energy Harvesting, Ghislain Despesse, Jean Jacques Chaillout,
Sébastien Boisseau and Claire Jean-Mistral. 6. Thermal Energy Harvesting, Tristan Caroff, Emmanuelle Rouvière and Jérôme Willemin. 7. Lithium Micro-Batteries, Raphaël Salot. 8. Ultra-Low-Power Sensors, Pascal Nouet, Norbert Dumas, Laurent Latorre and
Frédérick Mailly. 9. Ultra-Low-Power Signal Processing in Autonomous Systems, Christian Piguet. 10. Ultra-Low-Power Radio Frequency Communications and Protocols, Eric Mercier. 11. Energy Management in an Autonomous Microsystem, Jean-Frédéric Christmann, Edith Beigne, Cyril Condemine, Jérôme Willemin and Christian Piguet. 12. Optimizing Energy Efficiency of 
Sensor Networks, Olivier Sentieys and Olivier Berder.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Introduction to Energy Autonomous Micro and Nano Systems and Presentation of Contributions xiii Marc BELLEVILLE and Cyril CONDEMINE I.1. Context of energy-autonomous systems and micro-nanosystems xiii I.2. Sample applications xvi I.3. Energy harvesting, storage and conversion xvii I.4. Data acquisition, processing and transmission xviii I.5. Energy management xix I.6. Bibliography xx Chapter 1. Sensors at the Core of Building Control 1 Gilles CHABANIS, Laurent CHIESI, Hynek RAISIGEL, Isabelle RESSEJAC and Véronique BOUTIN 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Sensors in buildings 2 1.3. New sensor needs 3 1.4. An example: the HOMES comfort sensor prototype 10 1.5. Conclusion 20 1.6. Bibliography 21 Chapter 2. Toward Energy Autonomous Medical Implants 23 Raymond CAMPAGNOLO and Daniel KROISS 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Current and potential applications 24 2.3. Conclusion 55 2.4. Bibliography 57 Chapter 3. Energy Autonomous Systems in Aeronautic Applications 59 Thomas BECKER, Jirka KLAUE and Martin KLUGE 3.1. Motivation 59 3.2. Wireless systems 62 3.3. Autonomous systems 71 3.4. Summary 79 3.5. Bibliography 79 Chapter 4. Energy Harvesting by Photovoltaic Effect 83 Emmanuelle ROUVIÈRE, Simon PERRAUD, Cyril CONDEMINE and Guy WALTISPERGER 4.1. Introduction 83 4.2. Light power available indoors and outdoors 84 4.3. Photovoltaic cell: physical principle and model 88 4.4. Comparison between various photovoltaic cell technologies 96 4.5. Electronic management 97 4.6. Conclusion 110 4.7. Bibliography 110 Chapter 5. Mechanical Energy Harvesting 115 Ghislain DESPESSE, Jean Jacques CHAILLOUT, Sébastien BOISSEAU and Claire JEAN-MISTRAL 5.1. Energy-harvesting analysis 115 5.2. Main sources and conversion principles of mechanical energy 116 5.3. Harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations 122 5.4. Mechanical energy harvesting from forces/deformations 138 5.5. Conclusions and perspectives on mechanical energy harvesting 142 5.6. Bibliography 142 Chapter 6. Thermal Energy Harvesting 153 Tristan CAROFF, Emmanuelle ROUVIÈRE and Jérôme WILLEMIN 6.1. General presentation 153 6.2. Energy harvesting by thermoelectric effect 154 6.3. Thermoelectric materials 160 6.4. Technological trends 162 6.5. Implementation constraints and optimization 167 6.6. Electronic management of autonomous thermoelectric systems 172 6.7. Conclusions on thermal energy-harvesting systems 182 6.8. Bibliography 183 Chapter 7. Lithium Micro-Batteries 185 Raphaël SALOT 7.1. Development of lithium batteries over 20 years 186 7.2. The lithium system aiming for strong miniaturization properties 191 7.3. Bibliography 204 Chapter 8. Ultra-Low-Power Sensors 207 Pascal NOUET, Norbert DUMAS, Laurent LATORRE and Frédérick MAILLY 8.1. Introduction 207 8.2. Overview of sensors and their proximity electronics 208 8.3. Capacitive sensors 213 8.4. Resistive sensors 232 8.5. Conclusions 236 8.6. Bibliography 237 Chapter 9. Ultra-Low-Power Signal Processing in Autonomous Systems 241 Christian PIGUET 9.1. Low-power consumption 242 9.2. Digital signal processors 245 9.3. Decreasing static power consumption 254 9.4. Asynchronous architectures 260 9.5. Error tolerance 264 9.6. Conclusion 266 9.7. Bibliography 267 Chapter 10. Ultra-Low-Power Radio Frequency Communications and Protocols 273 Eric MERCIER 10.1. Introduction 273 10.2. Radio frequency and associated restrictions 274 10.3. Communication standards and protocols 279 10.4. Components and solutions 289 10.5. Conclusion 297 10.6. Bibliography 298 Chapter 11. Energy Management in an Autonomous Microsystem 301 Jean-Frédéric CHRISTMANN, Edith BEIGNE, Cyril CONDEMINE, Jérôme WILLEMIN and Christian PIGUET 11.1. Wireless sensor nodes 303 11.2. Power supplied by energy recuperators 306 11.3. Distribution, conversion and energy storage architectures 308 11.4. Implementing regulators 314 11.5. Algorithms 317 11.6. Conclusion 322 11.7. Bibliography 322 Chapter 12. Optimizing Energy Efficiency of Sensor Networks 325 Olivier SENTIEYS and Olivier BERDER 12.1. Introduction 325 12.2. Optimization methodology 328 12.3. Energy consumption model 329 12.4. Hardware optimization 332 12.5. Software organization and efficient protocols 343 12.6. Optimizing energy of algorithms 346 12.7. Conclusion and perspectives 354 12.8. Bibliography 355 List of Authors 361 Index 365

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Book SynopsisModel Predictive Control System Design and Implementation Using MATLAB® proposes methods for design and implementation of MPC systems using basis functions that confer the following advantages: - continuous- and discrete-time MPC problems solved in similar design frameworks; - a parsimonious parametric representation of the control trajectory gives rise to computationally efficient algorithms and better on-line performance; and - a more general discrete-time representation of MPC design that becomes identical to the traditional approach for an appropriate choice of parameters. After the theoretical presentation, coverage is given to three industrial applications. The subject of quadratic programming, often associated with the core optimization algorithms of MPC is also introduced and explained. The technical contents of this book is mainly based on advances in MPC using state-space models and basis functions. This volume includes numerous analytical examples and problems and MATLAB® programs and exercises.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This monograph gives an introduction to model predictive control and recent developments in its design and implementation using Matlab and Simulink. The book is aimed at a wide readership ranging from industrial control engineers to graduate students in the process and control disciplines.” (IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 30, August, 2010)“The book gives an introduction to Model Predictive Control (MPC), and recent developments in design and implementation. … The book’s approach is expected to appeal to a wide readership ranging from the industrial control engineer to the postgraduate student in the process and control disciplines. Both will find the MATLAB demonstrations of the control concepts a valuable tutorial route to understanding MPC in practice.” (Karl-Heinz Waldmann, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1200, 2011)Table of ContentsDiscrete-time MPC for Beginners.- Discrete-time MPC with Constraints.- Discrete-time MPC Using Laguerre Functions.- Discrete-time MPC with Prescribed Degree of Stability.- Continuous-time Orthonormal Basis Functions.- Continuous-time MPC.- Continuous-time MPC with Constraints.- Continuous-time MPC with Prescribed Degree of Stability.- Classical MPC Systems in State-space Formulation.- Implementation of Predictive Control Systems.

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Book SynopsisIf businesses and other organizations are to meet the many and complex challenges of sustainable development, then they all, both public and private, need to embed sustainability considerations into their decision-making and reporting. However, the translation of this aspiration into effective action is often inhibited by the lack of systems and procedures that take sustainability into account. Accounting for Sustainability: Practical Insights will help organizations to address these issues. The book sets out a number of tools and approaches that have been developed and applied by leading organizations to: Embed sustainability into decision-making, extending beyond an organization's boundaries to take into account suppliers, customers and other stakeholders Measure and link sustainability and financial performance Integrate sustainability into 'mainstream' reporting, both to management and external stakeholders In-depth cases studies from Aviva, BT, the Environment Agency, EDF Energy, HSBC, Novo Nordisk, Sainsbury's and West Sussex County Council show in detail how accounting for sustainability works in practice in a wide range of organizational contexts. Published with The Prince's Charities: Accounting for SustainabilityTrade Review'A rich and diverse collection of case studies to help all those organisations looking for a practical way of addressing ... sustainability-related issues.' Charles Tilley, Chief Executive, CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) 'A good overview of the challenges and dilemmas companies face as they evolve their sustainability thinking ... a useful addition to the body of emerging knowledge in this space.' Elaine Cohen, sustainability consultant and reporter at Beyond Business, for CSRWire 'This fascinating book presents a great opportunity for pro-active quality professionals to rise beyond our roots and contribute to mankind's future... an inspiring book that I would thoroughly recommend reading.' Qualityworld Magazine 'Most companies still don't have a clue about the full extent of their impacts on the environment - let alone the full monetized cost of those impacts. The eight case studies provide an invaluable starting point in terms of accounting more intelligently for those impacts.' Jonathon Porritt, Founder Director, Forum for the Future 'A comprehensive and wide-ranging series of case studies that collectively make the business case for connected reporting, while providing a rich source of practical advice on how to make sustainability part of an organization's DNA.' Lord Sharman of Redlynch OBE, Chairman, Aviva plc 'Increasingly, a company's market value reflects the value attributed by investors to people, knowledge, trust and relationships, none of which are visible in traditional financial and management information. Accounting for Sustainability is a thoughtful assessment of how we can develop accounting and reporting to better reflect what is material to assessing corporate performance today.' Lise Kingo, Executive Vice President, Novo Nordisk Ltd 'The Connected Reporting Framework is the most practical way of reporting an organisation's strategic approach to sustainability available today. This publication will provide helpful guidance to anyone keen to learn from early adopters of the methodology.' Sir Michael Rake, Chairman, BT Group plc 'Accounting for Sustainability provides a rich and diverse collection of case studies to help all those organisations looking for a practical way of addressing the major challenges and risks posed by sustainability-related issues.' Charles Tilley, Chief Executive, CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) 'All too often when discussing sustainability issues the focus is on performance reporting and assurance - whilst the real focus of our attention really ought to be the embedding of sustainability principles, resulting in real change. This text provides excellent examples of real change in action and will be of interest to a broad spectrum of managers and accounting professionals.' Helen Brand, Chief Executive, ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) 'This book is a significant contribution to the practice of sustainability, demonstrating why and how it can be embedded in an organisation's thinking and action. This is done through a series of very perceptive case studies that move us beyond the theoretical to the practical.' Michael Izza, Chief Executive, ICAEW (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales) 'This book provides major learning points on how environmental sustainability can be embedded in organisations and reported on, and the issues likely to arise. This should significantly reduce any 'reinventing the wheel' in embedding sustainability in corporate culture.' Alan Thomson, President, ICAS (The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland)Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. The Prince's Accounting for Sustainability Project: Creating 21st Century Decision-Making and Reporting Systems to Respond to 21st Century Challenges and Opportunities 3. Sainsbury's: Embedding Sustainability in the Supermarket Supply Chain 4. Using the Connected Reporting Framework as a Driver of Change within EDF Energy 5. A Golden Thread for Embedding Sustainability in a Local Government Context: The Case of West Sussex County Council 6. Building from the Bottom, Inspired from the Top: Accounting for Sustainability and the Environment Agency 7. Evolution of Risk, Opportunity and the Business Case in Embedding Connected Reporting at BT 8. Sustainability and Organizational Connectivity at HSBC 9. 'One Aviva, Twice the Value': Connecting Sustainability at Aviva PLC 10. Integrated Reporting at Novo Nordisk 11. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisClaims to land and territory are often a cause of conflict, and land issues present some of the most contentious problems for post-conflict peacebuilding. Among the land-related problems that emerge during and after conflict are the exploitation of land-based resources in the absence of authority, the disintegration of property rights and institutions, the territorial effect of battlefield gains and losses, and population displacement. In the wake of violent conflict, reconstitution of a viable land-rights system is crucial: an effective post-conflict land policy can foster economic recovery, help restore the rule of law, and strengthen political stability. But the reestablishment of land ownership, land use, and access rights for individuals and communities is often complicated and problematic, and poor land policies can lead to renewed tensions. In twenty-one chapters by twenty-five authors, this book considers experiences with, and approaches to, post-conflict land issues in seventeen countries and in varied social and geographic settings. Highlighting key concepts that are important for understanding how to address land rights in the wake of armed conflict, the book provides a theoretical and practical framework for policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and students.Land and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative to identify and analyze lessons in post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management. The project has generated six edited books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in the series address high-value resources, water, livelihoods, assessing and restoring resources, and governance.Table of ContentsForeword 1. Land: A Foundation for Peacebuilding Part 1: Peace Negotiations Introduction 1. The Abyei Territorial Dispute between North and South Sudan: Why has its Resolution Proven Difficult? 2. Land Tenure and Peace Negotiations in Mindanao, Philippines Part 2: Response to Displacement and Dispossession Introduction 3. The Role of Restitution in Post-conflict Situations 4. Land Issues in Post-conflict Return and Recovery 5. Return of Land in Post-conflict Rwanda: International Standards, Improvisation, and the Role of International Humanitarian Organizations 6. Post-conflict Land Tenure Issues in Bosnia: Privatization and the Politics of Reintegrating the Displaced 7. Angola: Land resources and conflict 8. Refugees and Legal Reform in Iraq: The Iraqi Civil Code, International Standards for the Treatment of Displaced Persons and the Art of Attainable Solutions Part 3: Land Management Introduction 9. Snow Leopards and Cadastres: Rare Sightings in Post-conflict Afghanistan 10. Community Documentation of Land Tenure and its Contribution to State-building in Afghanistan 11. Title Wave: Land Tenure and Peacebuilding in Aceh 12. Beyond Land Redistribution: Lessons learned from El Salvador’s Unfulfilled Agrarian Revolution 13. Institutional Aspects of Resolving Land Disputes in Post-conflice Socities 14. Rebuilding Peace: Land and Water Management in the Kurdistan Region of Northern Iraq 15. Transboundary Resource Management Strategies in the Pamir Mountain Region of Tajikistan Part 4: Laws and Policies Introduction 16. Title through Possession or Position? Respect for Housing, Land, and Property Rights in Cambodia 17. Land Conflicts and Land Registration in Cambodia 18. Legal Frameworks and Land Issues in Muslim Mindanao 19. Unexplored Dimensions: Islamic Land Systems in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Iraq, and Somalia 20. Customary Law and Community-based Natural Resource Management in Post-conflict Timor-Leste Part 5: Lessons Learned 21. Lessons Learned in Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management in Post-conflict Societies

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Book SynopsisThe farming of animals for meat and milk confronts a stark dilemma. While world demand from a growing and more affluent human population is increasing rapidly, there are strong counter-arguments that we should eat less meat and pay more attention to environmental protection, animal welfare and human health and well-being. The aim of this book is to identify and explain the causes and contributors to current problems in animal husbandry, especially those related to 'factory farming', and advance arguments that may contribute to its successful re-orientation. Husbandry is considered in its broadest sense, namely the productive and sustainable use of the land for the good of all (plants, humans and other animals). The first part of the book outlines principles and arguments necessary to engage with current problems: depletion of natural resources and destruction of environment, animal welfare, food and health, fair trade and sharing resources. These arguments are illustrated by examples and sufficient evidence to justify the argument without obscuring the message. The second part presents a series of constructive proposals for change and development in animal husbandry, both in the developed world and subsistence agriculture. These include more integrated crop and livestock farming systems, the ethics of animal welfare and environmental management, and the evolution of a new social contract whereby the rights of the people to a fair share of good, safe food and a green and pleasant land are matched by a shared responsibility to preserve these things. Trade Review"[John Webster] has drawn from his considerable experience and knowledge of animal welfare to present a thought-provoking discussion of future challenges in meeting animal welfare needs ... This book will be worthwhile to a general readership and students, but will likely be of greatest importance to those directly involved in the animal production industries" – G. E. Aiken, Independent scholar, Choice"[John Webster] is someone who has always used his in-depth expertise and forensic analytical skills to build a bigger picture – indeed, a comprehensive and internally consistent worldview. And the three central elements in that worldview (efficiency in the use of resources; humanity in the management of farm animals; sustainability in the stewardship of the living environment) provide the anchor points for the abundance of ‘specific issues’ that John addresses in this text." – Jonathon Porritt, excerpt from the 'Animal Husbandry Regained' foreword "Both challenging and inspiring, Animal Husbandry Regained is surely John Webster’s magnum opus. Here he makes a convincing and lucid case for placing compassion – for people, animals and the environment – at the heart of global food and farming policy and practice." – Joyce D’Silva, Ambassador for Compassion in World Farming, UK "A timely and comprehensive book illustrating the central value of animals to agricultural systems and landscapes. Brim full of authoritative analysis and data that tie together the critical issues of justice, efficiency and sustainability in animal husbandry." – Professor Jules Pretty, University of Essex, UK and author of Agri-Culture (2002) and The Earth Only Endures (2007) "After decades of neglect, the educated public has turned its attention to many problematic aspects of the production of food, particularly food of animal origin. In this scholarly and stimulating book, John Webster treats the reader to the best discussions of animal husbandry, land stewardship, agricultural industrialization and related issues I have ever read, from a seamless perspective of science and ethics." – Bernard E. Rollin, University Distinguished Professor, Professor of Philosophy, of Animal Sciences and of Biomedical Sciences and University Bioethicist, Colorado State University, USA "John Webster belongs to a rare breed now desperately needed in agriculture – a hands-on scientist and vet who is also a broad thinker; versed in moral philosophy and in the philosophy of science; perceiving, therefore, that good husbandry like all human action must be rooted in compassion; that animals of the kind we keep on farms are sentient, conscious beings, demanding respect; and that rigorous science is vital and yet is limited and cannot be the ultimate arbiter of best practice. In this book he summarizes a lifetime of experience and contemplation. Immensely valuable." – Colin Tudge is co-founder of the Campaign for Real Farming, www. campaignforrealfarming.org, and author of Good Food for Everyone ForeverTable of ContentsPart 1: Engaging with the Problems. 1. Whatever Happened to Husbandry? 2. Audits of Animals in Agriculture. 3. Animal Husbandry, Health and Welfare. 4. Food from Animals. 5. Nature’s Social Union: Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Part 2: Embarking on Solutions. 6. Better, Kinder Food. 7. Futures for Animal Science and Technology. 8. Futures for Farm Animals in Planet Husbandry. 9. Animal Husbandry and Society: Substance and Shadows, Carrots and Sticks. Index.

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Book SynopsisProceedings of a conference on "Integrated River Basin Management under the Water Framework Directive", held at Le Nouveau SiÞcle, Lille, France on 26th-28th April 2010. The book reviews technical challenges faced by EU Member States, stakeholder organisations and scientists while developing the first River Basin Management Plan under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). It focusses on aspects of multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary integration and how emerging issues such as adaptation to climate change will be considered in the future.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Scene Setting; Chapter 2: Integrating Ecosystem and Environmental Knowledge; Chapter 3: Integrating Climate Change Hazards; Chapter 4: Threats to Water Resources at River Basin Scale; Chapter 5: Stakeholder's views and Science-Policy Interfacing

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Book SynopsisThis book is the proceedings of the International Conference on Water Contamination Emergencies: Monitoring, Understanding, Acting held in October 2010. The fourth in a series of conference proceedings this book develops themes from three previous, highly successful Water Contamination conferences in addition to dealing specifically with four new principle themes: monitoring, understanding, acting and lessons learned. With contributions from leading scientists and experts in academia and industry it offers a truly international perspective on our ability to deal with water contamination emergencies. Emphasis is given to prevention, strategy and unusual emergency incident situations relating to drinking water. The book appeals across the board from public health and environmental professionals to companies, agencies, regulators and experts involved in emergency planning and response.Table of ContentsPreface; Drinking water safety: guidance to health and water professionals - and other health protection issues on water safety; A novel approach for early warning of drinking water contamination events; Detection and identification of microbial contamination; Validation of a water quality monitoring platform in Barcelona drinking water treatment plant; Rapid confirmation of microbiological alerts using off-line molecular methods; Improving quality and saving dollars using real-time online water quality monitoring; Clean data and reliable event detection - turning results from online sensors into information; Is it real or isn't it? Addressing early warning system alarms; Selection and prioritization of substances relevant for intentional drinking water contamination; The need for a joined up approach to the provision, management, security and delivery of alternative drinking water supplies; Communicating with the public about risk; Potable water contamination emergency: - The analytical challenge; Some examples of the operation and benefits of the UK water laboratories' mutual aid scheme; Development of a rapid gross alpha & beta method for the water industry; A Scandinavian emergency for drinking water network contamination: the Nokia case study; Sensors and webservices for land & water management; Graph decomposition as operative tool in hydraulic system analysis - security aspects; Efficacy of free chlorine against water biofilms and spores of Penicillium brevicompactum; Near real time monitoring of E. coli in water

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Book SynopsisHuman biomonitoring has developed from a research tool in occupational and environmental health to identify and quantify exposures to harmful substances in urine and blood. The analytical methods for detection of substances in biological media have considerably improved with smaller detection limits and more precise and specific measurements. Human biomonitoring is a valuable tool in exposure estimation of selected populations and currently used in surveillance programs all over the world. This two volume set provides an overview of current available biomarkers and human biomonitoring programs in environmental health, which is timely given the present debate on adverse health effects from environmental exposures. The books decribe both previous and ongoing studies as well as the newer biomarkers of exposure and effects. Volume one describes current human biomonitoring programs in Germany, Romania, France, Canada, India and Belgium, providing convincing evidence of a global decline in human exposures to lead and increasing concern from exposure to endocrine disruptors and the genotoxic compound. Biomarkers of specific exposures to a wide range of widely used everyday compounds such as phthalates, PFCs, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, PAHs, dioxins, mercury and arsenic are also discussed. Volume two decribes human biomonitoing of exposures to environmental tobacco smoke, mycotoxins, physiological stress, hormone activity, oxidative stress and ionizing radiation, as well as effect biomarkers of hemoglobin adducts, germ cells, micronuclei and individual susceptability. The books will be essential reading for toxicologists, environmental scientists and all those working in the safety and risk assessment of chemicals.Table of ContentsBiomarkers of exposure - Hemoglobin adducts; Biomarkers of human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Biomarkers of exposure û mycotoxins: aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins; Biological measures and the psychosocial working environment; Micronuclei for human biomonitering; Biomarkers of individual susceptibility: genetic polymorphisms and their interplay with micronucleus frequencies Biomarker of effects on hormone functions; Biomarkers of Exposure - Oxidative Stress to DNA and Lipids û Relation to Air Pollution; Male and female germ cell biomarkers Biomarkers of exposure and effect: ionizing radiation; Ethics and data protection in human biomarker studies

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Book SynopsisDiscrete Element Methods (DEM) is a numerical technique for analysing the mechanics and physics of particulate systems. Originated in the late seventies for analysing geotechnical problems, it has seen significant development and is now employed extensively across disciplines. Produced in celebration of the 70th Birthday of Colin Thornton, this book contains a selection of papers concerning advances in discrete element modelling which were presented at the International Symposium on Discrete Element Modelling of Particulate Media held at Birmingham, UK on 28-30th March, 2012. The book showcases the wide application of discrete element modelling in gas-solid fluidisation, particulate flows, liquid-solid systems and quasi-static behaviour. It also reports the recent advancement in coupled DEM with computational fluid dynamics, Lattice Boltzmann Methods for multiphase systems and the novel application of DEM in contact electrification and fracture of granular systems. Aimed at research communities dealing with this technique in the powder handling and formulation industries, this will be a welcomed addition to the literature in this area.Table of ContentsTwo-Phase Systems; Cohesive Systems; Granular Flows; Quasi-Static Deformation; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is divided into two parts. The first covers biomass modification to facilitate the industrial degradation processing and other characteristics of feedstocks. These include reduction in the general recalcitrance of plant cell wall and downstream processing costs. The second focuses on cutting edge technologies for the conversion of lignocelluloses into biofuels and other products. It describes the most up-to-date advances in natural biomass utilization systems, such as wood-feeding termites and animals that efficiently degrade lignocellulosic substrates. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) integrates cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis, with pentose and hexose fermentation in a single step. This replicates what happens in the digestive systems of animals, such as termites and cows, that effectively degrade lignocellulosic substrates. CBP has the potential to reduce production costs and lower capital investment whilst increasing conversion efficiency. Currently, there are no CBP-enabling micro-organisms suitable for industrial applications. Consequently, this book presents technologies which integrate the lignocellulolytic systems of insects and other animals to advance CBP strategy for cellulosic biofuels. It covers the progress made, and challenges faced, with the utilisation of gene, catalyst, and other unique mechanisms from cellulose-eating animals, as well as cutting-edge technologies developed to reduce the general recalcitrance of feedstocks for processing. This volume makes essential reading for academics and industrial groups concerned with overcoming the challenges inherent in the biological conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction; Part I: Biomass modification to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulose in processing; Chapter 2. Overview of lignocellulose: structure and chemistry; Chapter 3. Advances in the measurement/characterization of biomass structure; Chapter 4. Lignin modification to reduce the recalcitrance of biomass processing ; Chapter 5. Advances in genetic manipulations of plants for production of hydrolysis enzymes used in lignocellulosic bioethanol process; Chapter 6. The diversity of lignocellulosic biomass resources and their evaluations for biofuels and chemicals ; Part II: Biological conversion of biomass from the integration of natural biomass utilization systems; Chapter 7. Technologies to study plant biomass fermentation using the model bacterium Clostridium phytofermentans; Chapter 8. Lignocellulose degradation in termite symbiotic systems; Chapter 9. The functional gene resources from cellulose-feeding insects for novel catalysts; Chapter 10. Biological pre-treatment of biomass by wood-feeding termites; Chapter 11. Lignocellulolytic systems of wood-feeding insects and their potential for viable biofuels ; Chapter 12. Lignocellulolytic wood-feeding Cockroach - a forgotten treasure ; Chapter 13. Reversal design of natural biocatalyst systems for biomass conversion ; Chapter 14. The ruminant animal as a natural biomass conversion platform and a source of bioconversion agents; Chapter 15. Tipula abdominalis, an aquatic insect, provides microorganisms and enzymes with applications to the biofuels industry; Chapter 16. Cloning, Mutation and Over-expression of Lignocellulase Genes ; Chapter 17. Cellulose-dissolving systems and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis; Chapter 18. What we can learn from the natural biomass utilization systems for developing the novel bioreactors; Chapter 19: Techno-economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Sugars using Various Pretreatment Technologies

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Book SynopsisThere has been a resurgence of interest in light-induced water splitting as the search for storable carbon neutral energy becomes more urgent. Although the history of the basic idea dates back more than four decades, efficient, economical and stable integrated devices have yet to be realized. In the continuing quest for such devices, the field of photoelectrochemistry is entering a new phase where the extraordinary interdisciplinary of the research and development efforts are opening new avenues. This aspect of current research effort is reflected in the chapters of this book, which encompass present thinking in the various disciplines such as materials science, photo-electrochemistry and interfaces that can contribute to realization of viable solar fuel generators. This book presents a blend of the background science and recent advances in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting, and includes aspects that point towards medium to long term future realization. The content of the book goes beyond the more traditional approaches to the subject by including topics such as novel excitation energy processes that have only been realized so far in advanced photonics. The comprehensive overview of current activities and development horizons provided by the impressive collection of internationally renowned authors therefore represents a unique reflection of current thinking regarding water splitting by light.Table of Contents1 The Potential Contribution of Photoelectrochemistry in the Global Energy Future; 2 Kinetics and Mechanisms of Light-Driven Reactions at Semiconductor Electrodes: Principles and Techniques; 3: Structured Materuals for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting; 4: Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cells for Water Splitting; 5: Particulate Oxynitrides for Photocatalytic Water Splitting under Visible Light; 6: Rapid Screening Methods in the Discovery and Investigation of New Photocatalyst Compositions; 7: Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Catalysts: Structural and Electronic Aspects of Transition Metal Based Compounds and Composites; 8: The Group II-Nitride Materials Class: from Preparation to Perspectives in Photoelectrocatalysis; 9: Epitaxial III-V Thin Film Absorbers: Preparation, Efficient InP Photocathodes and Routes to High Efficiency Tandem Structures; 10: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: A First Principles Approach; 11: Electro- and Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2: The Homogeneous and Hetereogeneous Worlds Collide?; 12: Key Intermediates in the Hydrogenation and Electrochemical Reduction of CO2; 13: Novel Approaches to Water Splitting by Solar Photons; 14: Light Harvesting Strategies Inspired by Nature; 15: Electronic Structure and Bonding of Water at Surfaces; 16: New Perspectives and a Review of Progress

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Book SynopsisDue to their impressive performance biological adhesives have inspired the development of superior industrial adhesives. Biological adhesives often provide elegant solutions to engineering and biomedical requirements and are expected to inspire future technological innovations for adhesives for use in hostile conditions. Containing a selection of papers presented at the 1st International Conference on Biological and Biomimetic Adhesives, this book will showcase the latest advances in the chemical and structural characterisation of adhesives, the mechanical testing of adhesives and theory, fabrication and applications of biomimetic adhesives. Following the work of COST Action TD0909, the aim is to gain greater understanding of the mode of action of biological adhesives to allow successful development of improved synthetic counterparts. Appealing to a wide range of researchers in biology, chemistry, physics and engineering, the title provides the background and drive to improve scientific and technological progress in this important area.Table of ContentsBioadhesive Characterisation; Modelling of Biomimetic Systems; Targeting Specific Applications; Surface Modification for Optimal Bonding/Debonding; Conference outlook

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Book SynopsisThe manipulation of cells and microparticles within microfluidic systems using external forces is valuable for many microscale analytical and bioanalytical applications. Acoustofluidics is the ultrasound-based external forcing of microparticles with microfluidic systems. It has gained much interest because it allows for the simple label-free separation of microparticles based on their mechanical properties without affecting the microparticles themselves. Microscale Acoustofluidics provides an introduction to the field providing the background to the fundamental physics including chapters on governing equations in microfluidics and perturbation theory and ultrasound resonances, acoustic radiation force on small particles, continuum mechanics for ultrasonic particle manipulation, and piezoelectricity and application to the excitation of acoustic fields for ultrasonic particle manipulation. The book also provides information on the design and characterization of ultrasonic particle manipulation devices as well as applications in acoustic trapping and immunoassays. Written by leading experts in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers interested in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications.Table of ContentsGoverning equations in microfluidics; Regular perturbation theory for acoustic fields; Linear continuum mechanics; Linear piezoelectric transducers; Building microfluidic acoustic resonators; Experimental characterization of devices; Acoustic radiation force; Applications in acoustophoresis; Modelling and applications of planar resonant devices; Scaling-laws and time scales in acoustofluidics; Affinity acoustophoresis; Biocompatibility and cell viability in microfluidic acoustic resonators; Analysis of acoustic streaming by singular perturbation; Applications in acoustic streaming; Streaming with ultrasound waves interacting with solid particles; Acoustics streaming near liquid-gas interfaces: drops and bubbles; SAW devices; Microscopy for lab-on-a-chip devices; Particle manipulation in acoustic cavities; Applications in acoustic trapping; Enhanced immunoassays and particle sensors; Multiwavelength devices and scale dependent properties; Acoustic manipulation combined with other techniques

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Book SynopsisLeith-Built Ships is a testimony to the skill of the men who built the ships and to the many men and women who may have sailed or served on them. This history is brought together in vol. I of a three-volume series about the almost-forgotten part that Leith played in our great maritime heritage and is the culmination of the author's lifetime experience of shipbuilding. Most people may well be aware of the part played by the great shipbuilding centres in the UK's history but many may be unaware of the part played by the shipbuilders of Leith. This port was once Scotland's main port with many firsts to its name. Leith had begun building ships some 400 years before the great shipyards of the Clyde and these vessels reached all corners of the globe, touching many people's lives. Some had sad histories while others took part in some of the great conflicts of the times; many were just ordinary working vessels that carried their crew safely through long working lives. With a pedigree of shipbuilding second to none going back over 660 years of recorded history, the ships built at Leith deserve their place in history and this book begins the story.Trade Review'...Mr Neish's splendid and very thorough 144 page tome offers a complete history of the ships built at Leith from c. 1850 until the end of World War I...includes tales of famous ships, steam yachts, adventure and new trade routes as well as a helpful glossary'. Gloucestershire Transport History-------------------'...the ships built at Leith deserve their place in history and this book, the first of a triology begins the story'. The Bosun's Chronicle------------------'...an engrossing book that will have a lasting value...you'd expect this book to be superbly researched and knowledgeably written. It doesn't disappoint. It is also readily accessible to the non-expert.' Undiscovered Scotland-------------------...A valuable history is provided of the ships built at Leith from around 1850 until the end of the First World War detailing the yards and the famous ships they constructed, accompanied by tales of adventure, trades and inevitably fates'. Africa Ports and Ships-------------------'The narrative is filled with anecdotes and a warmth that can only come from someone with personal memories of the industry and it is a fitting homage to the shipbuilding heritage of Edinburgh, so often eclipsed by Glasgow'. Scotland

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Book SynopsisThis is a revised and updated edition of the highly successful first and second editions. In the intervening period the procedures used in the description of soils and rocks have continued to develop and evolve and this new edition incorporates changes in the international standards EN ISO 14688 and 14689 and those resulting in the national standard, BS 5930:2015 and the 2020 amendment thereof. Close comparison is also made with US practice in description (ASTM D2488) and classification (ASTM D2487). Significant changes in rock description are included – the reintroduction of the Approaches 1 to 5 for rock weathering; Approach 1 for description and Approaches 2 to 5 (Rock Weathering Working Party) for classification when appropriate and helpful. Also covered is the reintroduction of the 12.5 MPa boundary and the term moderately weak in rock strength description: a significant boundary in design in rock. The book continues to provide invaluable practical guidance in carrying out engineering geological logging of soil and rock samples and exposures in the field. The systematic and codified approach is laid out in detail to ensure the defined descriptors are used in a consistent format, rendering mistakes less likely and the necessary communication from field to design more successful. The procedures, techniques and tips within this book continue to serve and guide young practitioners learning their craft, but also their seniors and mentors, including responsible experts who sign off the logs and report on behalf of their company. More than ever, the need to be aware of current practices in order in order to avoid costly mistakes is paramount.Trade ReviewPraise for the 1st and 2nd editions - '...This is a very thorough book and is well-presented and printed, with clear tables, helpful thumbnail photographs and figures and text boxes containing tips and example descriptions. ... Buy this book'. Geoscientist -------------------- '...It is crammed full of tables, figures, photographs, all in an authoritative text. ...The pictures (worth a thousand words!) are invariably clear and helpful... ... it is a reference book ... an endless source of information'. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment -------------------- '...David Norbury is uniquely placed to write such a book. .... will help both the practitioner and their colleagues and clients benefit from objective and consistent descriptions. ...is essential reading for anyone involved in the technical aspects of site characterisation – whether for risk assessment or remediation'. JISCMAIL forumTable of ContentsPreface; Definitions; Introduction; History of description in codification; Systematic description; Description of materials; Relative density and strength; Structure, fabric and texture; Colour; Secondary and tertiary fractions; Geological unit; Weathering; Discontinuity logging; Discontinuity state recording; Low density soils; Anthropogenic ground; Classification schemes; Description process boreholes; Description process field exposures; Appendix; References; Bibliography; Index

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