Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisIn the 1960s, when computers were regarded as giant calculators, J.C.R. Licklider at MIT saw them as the ultimate communication device. With Defence Department funds, he and a band of computer whizzes began work on a nationwide network of computers. This is an account of their daring adventure.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract is the core document from which the options A-F are extracted. It contains all core clauses and secondary option clauses, together with the schedules of cost components and forms for contract data. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.Table of ContentsCore clauses • 1 General • 2 The Contractor’s main responsibilities • 3 Time • 4 Testing and Defects • 5 Payment • 6 Compensation events • 7 Title • 8 Risks and insurance • 9 Termination Main option clauses • A Priced contract with activity schedule • B Priced contract with bill of quantities • C Target contract with activity schedule • D Target contract with bill of quantities • E Cost reimbursable contract • F Management contract Dispute resolution • Option W1 • Option W2 Secondary option clauses • X1 Price adjustment for inflation • X2 Changes in the law • X3 Multiple currencies • X4 Parent company guarantee • X5 Sectional Completion • X6 Bonus for early Completion • X7 Delay damages • X12 Partnering • X13 Performance bond • X14 Advanced payment to the Contractor • X15 Limitation of the Contractor’s liability for his design to reasonable skill and care • X16 Retention • X17 Low performance damages • X18 Limitation of liability • Y(UK)2 The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 • Y(UK)3 The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 • Z Additional conditions of contract Note: Options X8 to X11 and Y(UK)1 are not used Schedule of Cost Components Shorter Schedule of Cost Components Contract Data Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs AI technology is rapidly progressing in capability and being adopted more widely across society, it is more important than ever to understand the potential risks AI may pose and how AI can be developed and deployed safely. Introduction to AI Safety, Ethics, and Society offers a comprehensive and accessible guide to this topic.This book explores a range of ways in which societies could fail to harness AI safely in coming years, such as malicious use, accidental failures, erosion of safety standards due to competition between AI developers or nation-states, and potential loss of control over autonomous systems. Grounded in the latest technical advances, this book offers a timely perspective on the challenges involved in making current AI systems safer. Ensuring that AI systems are safe is not just a problem for researchers in machine learning â it is a societal challenge that cuts across traditional disciplinary boundaries. Integrating insights from safety engi

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiscover a fun new hobby with helpful possibilities Get directions, talk to folks overseas, or find out whether the fish are biting Want to check out the morning news in London, help out in emergencies, or tune in to the big race? Two-way radios open up a world of possibilities - literally. This handy guide tells you about the equipment you need, fills you in on radio etiquette, shows you how to stay legal, and gives you lots of cool ideas for family-friendly radio activities. Discover how to * Use the right radio lingo * Choose and operate different types of radios * Get a license if you need one * Communicate in emergencies * Program a scanner * Tune in to sporting eventsTable of Contents Introduction 1 About This Book 1 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part I: Making Radio a Hobby, a Habit, or a Helper 3 Part II: Two-Way Radios at Home, Work, and Play 3 Part III: Listening In: Scanning and Shortwave Listening 3 Part IV: Getting Technical with Your Radio 4 Part V: The Part of Tens 4 Appendix 4 Conventions Used in This Book 4 Where to Go From Here 5 Part I: Making Radio a Habit, a Hobby, or a Helper 7 Chapter 1: Introducing Radios and the Wireless World 9 Understanding How Radios Fit into a Wireless World 10 Radios, PCs, and phones — Oh, my! 10 Why get enthusiastic about radio? 11 Communicating person to person 11 Communicating in an emergency 13 Using your radio for fun 14 Putting radios to work 14 Introducing Radio’s Unique (And Magical) Forms 15 What You Can Do with a Radio 16 Roger: Sharing information 17 Using your radio at work 17 Listening in with a scanner 18 Chasing broadcasts 19 Knowing Radio Rules and Regulations 19 Getting Training (If You Need To) 20 Books and videos 20 Online training 21 In-person training 21 You, Too, Can Build and Fix Your Own Radio 21 Limitations on opening the hood 21 Kits and homebrewing 22 Chapter 2: Discovering the Art and Science of Radio 25 Doing the Wave: How Radio Waves Work 25 Introducing frequency 25 Measuring frequency across the spectrum 26 Understanding wavelengths 28 Getting From Here to There: Propagation 30 Signals on the ground and in the sky 30 Reflections 31 The weather, the sun, and the seasons 32 What You Hear Is What You Get: Modulation 33 Amplitude modulation (AM) 34 Frequency modulation (FM) 35 Terms of Endearment: Using the Language of Radio 35 Understanding controls and features 36 The antenna 36 The contact 37 Chapter 3: Making Radio Fit Your Life 39 Seeing What Makes Radio Services and Allocations Different 40 Characterizing services by frequency and modulation 40 Characterizing services based on equipment limitations 42 Comparing Two-Way Radio Services 43 Choosing Between the Services 45 Buying Equipment to Fit Your Budget 45 Getting a License When You Need To 46 Who made them king? — The FCC 46 Registering with the FCC online 47 Accessing the ULS and applying for a new license 48 Coloring Inside the Lines: Basic Rules 50 Broadcasting (one-way transmissions) 51 Identifying your station 51 Recognizing power and antenna limits 51 Modifying your radio 51 Avoiding naughty talk 52 Where to Find All the Rules and Regulations 52 Part II: Two-Way Radios at Home, Work, and Play 53 Chapter 4: A Radio in Your Pocket: FRS/GMRS Radios 55 Introducing the FRS and GMRS Services 55 Getting a GMRS License 57 Understanding Basic Radio Features 59 Operating controls 60 Indicators 61 Introducing privacy codes 62 Rings and beeps 64 Table of Contents ix Basic Operating Skills 64 Holding the radio correctly 65 Using a PTT radio 65 Learning how to speak 66 Using a headset 67 Scanning 67 Using call signs 67 Participating in public communications 68 Using Your Radio at Public Events and Places 68 Using Your Radio in the Great Outdoors 69 Maximizing Your Range 71 Repeating Yourself 71 Choosing a Radio 74 Range: Specifications versus reality 74 Batteries: Buying packs or individual cells? 74 Warranty and reliability 75 Other options to consider 75 GMRS-specific options 76 Adding Antennas and Accessories 77 Antennas and cables 77 Microphones 77 Headphones and headsets 78 Bike and motorcycle accessories 78 Battery chargers and power adapters 78 Chapter 5: Breaker, Breaker: Using Citizens Band 79 CB Basics 79 Getting help from experienced users 80 Getting the lowdown on licenses and requirements 80 Knowing CB frequencies and channels 81 Finding Uses for Your CB Radio 81 Getting To Know Your Radio 82 Under control: Knobs and switches 82 Keeping an eye on indicators 83 Getting a gander at the back panel 84 Little extras for higher-end radios 85 Operating Your CB 86 Receiving your first CB transmissions 86 Handling noises and interference 87 Making your initial communications test 88 Picking a handle 88 Learning communications basics 89 Going Out and About with Your CB 90 Using Your CB for Emergency Communications 91 Shopping on the CB Channel 92 Understanding your SWR meter 93 Sounding great: Microphone madness 93 Choosing and using antennas 94 Operating on the Right Side of the Law 96 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Chapter 6: Communicating in Emergencies 99 Matching Radios and Emergencies 99 Deciding who you plan to talk to 100 Prioritizing the what and why 101 Firming up how and when you’ll communicate 101 Filling in the blanks 102 Being Ready 103 Making and Responding to Calls for Help 104 Making a call for help 104 Receiving a call for help 105 Disaster Response 105 Practice Makes Perfect 108 Chapter 7: Workaday Wireless: Business Radio Services 109 Choosing the Right Business Radio Service 109 Multi-Use Radio Service: MURS 110 Private Land Mobile Radio Services 110 Using a Professional Radio Service Provider 111 Radio system terms 112 Staying in touch with dot and star channels even when you’re itinerant 113 Licensing your business radio 114 Operating Your Business Radio 115 Chapter 8: Ladies and Gentlemen, Ships at Sea: Marine Radio 117 Introducing VHF Harbor and Waterway Radio 118 Knowing your marine VHF radio controls 120 Choosing a marine VHF radio 122 Choosing an antenna for your marine VHF radio 123 Introducing Marine Radio’s Advanced Features 123 Digital Selective Calling (DSC) 123 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 125 Saltwater Communications: HF Marine Radio 125 Knowing your distress channels 126 Operating a marine HF SSB radio 126 Selecting a marine HF radio and antenna 128 Basic Marine Radio Do’s and Don’ts 129 Performing Basic Radio Tasks in the Water 130 Satellite Radio and Marine E-mail 131 Getting That License 133 Chapter 9: Citizen Wireless: Amateur Radio 135 Tuning In Ham Radio Today 136 Ham radio core values 136 Common ham radio activities 137 Using electronics and technology 138 Finding the Ham Bands 139 Finding shortwave hams 139 VHF, UHF, and microwave signals 140 Getting a Ticket: The Ham Kind 140 Understanding why an exam is required 141 Preparing for the exam 141 Knowing which exam to take 141 Part III: Listening In: Scanning and Shortwave Listening 143 Chapter 10: One Adam 12: Scanner Basics 145 Listening: Oh, the Signals You’ll Hear 145 Getting scanner basics 146 Introducing channels and services 146 Using AM, FM, and digital signals 148 Simplex communications and repeaters 149 Dispatch versus one-to-one communication 149 Introducing the Radio Population 150 Business users 150 Government users 151 Military users 151 Hobbyists and other individual users 151 Public and private aviation users 151 Learning How to Use A Scanner 152 Handling basic controls and use 153 Configuring your scanner 156 Knowing the Rules of Scanning 157 Trunking Systems 157 Defining trunking 157 Using your scanner to monitor calls on a trunked system 158 Programming Your Scanner 160 Finding frequencies 160 Using a PC with your scanner 162 Choosing Scanners and Antennas 164 Chapter 11: Scanning Public Service and Safety Radio Transmissions 169 Tracking Down Your Local Government 169 Acquiring and saving data on your computer 170 Transferring data to your scanner software 172 Scanning Trunked Systems 173 Motorola Type I 174 Motorola Type II 174 EDACS and LTR 175 Setting Up a Trunked System on Your Scanner 175 Cracking Codes and Learning Lingo 177 Helping, Not Hindering 179 Chapter 12: Radio Aloft: Aviation Radio Transmissions 181 Activity on the Aviation Bands 181 Finding Frequencies 182 Ground Control to Major Tom: Airport Operations 183 Listening to Air Traffic Between Airports 184 Strangling Your Parrot: Aviation Jargon 186 Chapter 13: Radios in Uniform: Government Radio Transmissions 187 Scanning the Military 187 Finding military facilities 189 Finding armed forces facilities 189 Monitoring military aviation communications 190 Accessing Civilian Agencies 191 Step Away from the Radio: Following the Rules of Sensible Scanning 192 Chapter 14: Radio in Action: Recreational Radio Transmissions 195 Taking a Scanner to the Races 196 Discovering what you can hear 196 Getting the inside track on frequencies 198 Using a racing scanner 199 Winging It at Air Shows and Fly-Ins 200 Conducting airfield communications 201 Listening in on performer communications 201 Taking Your Radio on the Run and into the Crowd 202 Using your radio at a race 202 Using radio technology at a concert or convention 203 Getting the Right Accessories 204 Want to Get Involved? 205 Scanning Tips 205 Chapter 15: Surfing the Air World: Shortwave Listening 207 Finding Shortwave Broadcasters 208 Listening to amateur radio on SW bands 209 Monitoring commercial, government, and military broadcasts 211 Using shortwaves to receive data and miscellaneous signals 212 Choosing and Using SW Radios and Antennas 213 Selecting a radio 213 Introducing common SW radio controls 214 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Getting a shortwave antenna 216 Building your own antenna 216 Finding SW equipment vendors 217 Shortwave Signal Propagation 217 Hops, skips, and jumps: Understanding how the ionosphere affects propagation 219 Understanding other atmospheric conditions that affect propagation 221 Introducing World Time 221 Using a Program Guide 222 Confirming Your Reception 223 Including the right information in your QSL 224 Getting station addresses 225 SWL Web References 225 Part IV: Getting Technical with Your Radio 227 Chapter 16: Building Your Radio Toolbox 229 Acquiring the Right Tools 229 Absolutely required tools 229 Not absolutely required, but certainly handy, tools 230 Finding bargain toolsets 231 Cleaning tools you must have 232 Getting a toolbox 232 Stocking Stuff 233 Stocking extra adapters and connecters 234 Stocking other odds and ends 236 The Mechanics of Stocking Spare Parts over Time 236 Finding Education and Training 238 Getting freebies from manufacturers and retailers 239 Visiting individual or club Web sites 239 Getting information from books 239 Taking online courses 241 Chapter 17: A Spark of Electronic Know-How 243 Understanding the Relationship between Amps, Volts, Watts, and Ohms 243 Measuring current 244 Understanding voltage basics 245 Calculating power 245 Introducing resistance 246 Making calculations with Ohm’s law 247 Wires, Cables, and Connecters 249 Wires 249 Cables and Cords 250 Connecters 251 Dealing with Safety Issues 255 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Chapter 18: Installing Radios Right 257 Installing Your Radio at Home 257 Setting up a safe radio environment 257 Setting up your very own radio central 259 Accessories 261 Adding a computer to your radio operation 263 Finding the right furniture 264 Using antennas and feedlines 265 Getting Your Mobile Installation Rolling 273 Understanding vehicle radio safety issues 274 Setting up a power supply for your car radio 275 Finding a home for the radio in your car 278 Using antennas and feedlines in the car 281 Choosing and Installing Connectors 283 Crimp terminals 283 RF connectors 283 Chapter 19: Getting a Charge Out of Batteries 287 Getting Battery Basics 287 Ah Introducing Amp Hours and Characteristic Voltage 288 Disposable Batteries versus Rechargeable Batteries 290 Disposable batteries 291 Rechargeable batteries 292 Exploring the World of Battery Packs 295 Following Basic Battery Tips 295 Adhering to the Rules of Battery Safety 296 Charging and discharging batteries safely 296 Storing and handling batteries with care 298 Safely disposing of batteries 298 Chapter 20: Putting Your Computer to Work 299 Making Sure Your PC and Radio Are Compatible 299 Determining software compatibility 300 Determining hardware compatibility 301 Decoding signals 302 Choosing a Signal Interface 303 Making the Connection 304 Setting up the control connection 305 Setting up the radio audio and keying connection 306 Connecting the sound card 306 Adjusting the levels 306 Troubleshooting Your Computer and Your Radio 308 Common radio problem #1 308 Common radio problem #2 309 What to do if you still have a problem 309 Chapter 21: Troubleshooting Your Radio 311 Hunting the Wily Mr Murphy 311 Prosecuting Power Problems 312 Anticipating and preventing ac power problems 313 Dealing with dc power problems 314 Solving Operating Problems 315 Banishing Noise 317 Neutralizing power line noise 317 Angling around appliance noise 318 Nullifying noise from engines 319 Attacking atmospheric noise 320 Dealing with Interference 320 Received interference 320 Avoiding being the cause of interference 322 Visiting the Radio Doctor 325 Part V: The Part of Tens 327 Chapter 22: Ten Radio Secrets 329 Listening Rules 329 Talking Louder Doesn’t Do You Any Good 330 It’s All in the Antenna 330 The FCC Does, Too, Care 330 Setting Up Your Radio Correctly the First Time 330 Finding the Hot Spot 331 Planning for the Worst 331 Getting What You Pay For 331 Following the Ten Count 332 Discovering the Best Way to Relax 332 Chapter 23: Ten Emergency Tips 333 Using Your Radio Regularly 333 Getting Yourself under Control 334 Supplying Just the Facts 334 Being Smart with Resources 334 Knowing Where to Tune 334 Taking Advantage of Geography 335 Writing Everything Down and Keeping It Short 335 Following the Plan 335 Using the Buddy System 335 Practice, Practice, Practice 336 Chapter 24: Ten Radio First-Aid Techniques 337 Resetting the Radio 337 Replacing Lost Antennas 338 Putting the Wrong Batteries to the Right Use 338 Fixing a Faulty Pushbutton 338 Working around a Broken Speaker 338 Splicing Together Torn Wires 339 Working through Wind and Noise 339 Rescuing an Immersed Radio 339 Building an Emergency Charger 340 Making Do with the Tools around You 340 Chapter 25: Ten New Ways to Have Fun with Your Radio 341 Direction Finding 341 Hilltopping 342 Conducting Coverage Tests: Can You Hear Me Now? 342 Going on a Radio Scavenger Hunt 343 Riding at a Radio Rodeo 343 Creating Radio Scoreboards 343 Going to a Hamfest 343 Weather Watching 344 Wildlife Tracking 344 Joining a Club 344 Appendix: Glossary 345 Index 355

Read more less

Book SynopsisGet ready to take flight as two certified flight instructors guide you through the pilot ratings as it is done in the real world, starting with Sport Pilot training, then Private Pilot, followed by the Instrument Rating, Commercial Pilot, and Air Transport Pilot.Trade Review"I keep this book on visual at all times, as it’s destined to become a classic. THE book to read about serious flight-simulation". (fs-dev-support.com/jarn, Monday 17th September)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors iii Credits iv Acknowledgments v Part I: Preflight 1 Intro: Why Use Flight Simulator for Real-World Flying? 3 Why We Fly 4 How to Use This Book 4 Procedure Training vs. Scenario-Based Training 6 What’s on the Website 6 Chapter 1: Flight School Setup 9 Installing FSX 10 Looking at What’s New in FSX 10 Getting the Right Hardware 11 Processor, Memory, Video Cards 12 Monitors 13 Flight Controls and Headsets 13 Adjusting Performance Settings 14 Organizing Your Cockpit 16 Key Flight Sim Commands 17 Use of Slew for Practice 19 Using the FSX Built-in Flight Lessons 19 Selecting a Real-World Flight School 20 Aircraft Types 20 Environment 20 Instructor 21 Costs 21 Introductory Flight 23 Working with Your Flight Instructor 23 FSX as Part of a Lesson 23 Shared Cockpit 24 Using the Practical Test Standards 25 Plugging in to Pilot Communities 26 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 28 Chapter 2: First Flight in the Piper J-3 Cub 29 Flight Fundamentals for the Pilot 30 We All Have Our Limits 31 The Four Fundamental Gaits of Flight 32 Visualize Your Control Surfaces 33 Trim 36 First Flight in the Cub 38 Start the Engine 40 Taxi 42 Takeoff 44 Practice the First Three Gaits and Trim 46 Make Turns 47 The Tail’s Balancing Act 49 Fly Once Around the Lake 50 Approach the Airport 51 Land 52 Rollout 54 Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 54 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 56 Part II: Sport Pilot 57 Chapter 3: Ground Reference Maneuvers 59 The Effects of Wind 60 A River of Air 60 Heading, Course, and Track 61 Ground Reference Maneuvers with Wind 63 Coordinated and Uncoordinated Flight 63 Ground Reference Maneuvers Flight 63 Rectangular Course 65 Turns Around a Point 68 S-Turns 70 Steep Turns 73 Crosswind Takeoffs 75 Forward Slip 77 Sideslip and Crosswind Landings 80 Ridiculous Winds 83 Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind 83 Worst Crosswinds—Kona, Hawaii 85 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 86 Chapter 4: Airport Operations 87 Uncontrolled and Controlled Airport Operations 88 Airport Procedures 88 Radio Communications 95 Other Aircraft 98 Airport Weather and Notices 99 Post Mills to Lebanon Municipal 102 Startup 103 Taxi and Takeoff 104 Approach and Landing 105 Depart for Lebanon 106 Approaching Lebanon 109 Land and Taxi 109 Take the Cub to Beantown 109 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 113 Chapter 5: Old-Fashioned Navigation 115 Planning a Trip 116 Reading Charts 117 A Route from A to B 118 Dead Reckoning 119 Pilotage 120 The FSX Flight Planner 121 How High to Fly 123 Fly Left, Look Right 125 Who Owns This Airspace? 125 Moving Loads, Burning Gas 130 A Multileg Flight Using Pilotage 132 Take Off and Turn South 132 Seriously Dead Reckoning 139 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 141 Chapter 6: Emergencies 143 In-Flight Emergencies 144 Immediate-Action Emergencies 145 Urgent Situations 148 Emergency Training 149 Power-Off Descent 150 Rapid Descent 153 Oddball Emergencies 155 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 157 Chapter 7: Performance Takeoffs and Landings 159 Aerodynamics of Performance 160 Takeoff and Landing Calculations 160 Rate and Angle of Climb and Descent 162 Short-Field and Soft-Field Procedures 163 Short Runways 164 Soft Runways 167 Off-Airport Operations 170 Yet Another Runway Surface 171 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 172 Chapter 8: Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins 173 Taking it Slowly 174 The Aerodynamics of Slow Flight 174 The Separation Begins 175 Stalls with a Twist: Spins 176 Taking the Cub for a Spin 178 Slow Down 178 Power-off, or Arrival, Stalls 181 Departure, or Power-on, Stalls 182 Now for Some Spin 183 Catching the Bus 186 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 187 Part III: Private Pilot 189 Chapter 9: First Flight in the Cessna 172SP 191 Transition to the Cessna 172SP 192 Modern Aircraft Instruments 194 The Flap About Flaps 199 Other System Differences 201 Checkout Flight in the Cessna 172SP 206 Engine Start 207 Radios Use 207 Taxiing and Runup 208 Takeoff and Climb 209 Basic Maneuvers 210 Approach and Landing 214 Advanced Maneuvers 215 Performance Takeoffs and Landings 216 Emergency Procedures 217 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 220 Chapter 10: Radio Navigation with Tradional Avionics 221 Follow the Invisible Road 222 Finding the Beacon 222 Flying a Radial 224 But How Far Away are You? 232 Flying with GPS 233 Flying Cross-Country with Radio Navigation 235 Off You Go 237 The First Turn 238 North to Duluth 239 Giving George the Controls 239 Direct with GPS 242 Getting Unlost and Going Elsewhere 244 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 246 Chapter 11: First Flight with the G1000 247 Welcome to the Age of Glass 248 A Distributed System 249 The Primary Flight Display 249 The Radios 256 The Multifunction Flight Display 258 G1000 Cross-Country 263 Getting Set Up 263 Taking Off 266 Staying on Top of Things 267 Using VORs 268 Try it with a Crosswind 270 No Wind Vector!? 270 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 271 Chapter 12: Night Flight 273 When Darkness Falls 274 Vision and Illusions 274 Night Flying Techniques 278 Lights 280 Emergencies 284 Night Flight in the Cessna 172SP 285 Departure 285 On Course 287 Arrival at Flying Cloud 288 Night Flight in the G1000 289 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 290 Chapter 13: Weather 291 Weather Theory and Data 292 Weather Hazards Weather Controls and Effects The Joy of Scud Running 301 Scud Run in Cessna 172 with G1000 306 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 307 Chapter 14: Maximizing Performance 309 Quick, Clean, and Cool 310 No Replacement for Displacement 310 A New, Blue Control 311 Stuff Hanging Down and Sticking Out 312 Introducing Flight Profiles 314 Fly Fast in a Mooney 317 Getting Everything in Position 317 Pouring on the Coals 319 Climb, Clean, Cool, Communicate 319 Picking Up Speed 321 Coming Downhill 322 Combinations Count 322 Going Down and Slowing Down 323 Arriving at the Airport 324 Approaching for Landing 324 Landing 326 Mooney under Glass 328 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 330 Part IV: Instrument Rating 331 Chapter 15: Basic Attitude Instrument Flying 333 Fly in the Clouds 334 IFR Ground Checks 334 The IFR Scan: Attitude is Everything 336 The Autopilot 338 IFR Weather 339 IMC Flight in Mooney Bravo 340 Basic IFR Maneuvers 342 Advanced IFR Maneuvers Heading Home IFR Flight with Garmin G1000 347 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 349 Chapter 16: IFR Flight 351 Flight Plan Creation 352 ATC and Flight Plans 352 Instrument Charts 354 Departure Procedures 355 En Route Operations 360 Arrival Procedures 369 IFR Flight to a Visual Approach 370 Preflight 371 Flight 374 Departures, Holds, and Arrivals 378 Flight Plan 378 Departure 380 Hold (No Wind) 381 Hold (Wind) 383 Arrival 384 Garmin G1000 385 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 386 Chapter 17: Instrument Approaches 387 The Final Miles Between Heaven and Earth 388 The Instrument Approach Plate 388 VOR Approaches 390 Localizer Approaches 403 The Big Kahuna: ILS Approaches 407 Down Through the Muck: Flying Approaches 409 A VOR at KPAE 409 A LOC at KAWO 423 An ILS at KPAE 429 String PAE AWO BFI Together 436 Do it with Wind 437 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 439 Chapter 18: GPS Approaches 441 No Ground Station Needed 442 A Basic GPS Approach 442 Overlay Approaches 444 RNAV Approaches 446 GPS Sensitivity 449 Using the GPS 450 Fly Some GPS with a Six-Pack 455 KSHN GPS Rwy 23 455 RNAV Rwy 34 Approach at KFHR 471 The VOR or GPS Rwy 6 at KHQM 480 Instrument Approaches on the G1000 489 GPS Rwy 1 at KPWT 490 ILS 17 at KTIW 498 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 503 Chapter 19: Additional Instrument Approaches 505 More Ways to Get Around and Down 506 NDB Approaches 506 DME Arcs 509 Localizer Back-Course Approaches 512 Visual and Contact Approaches 518 Circle to Land 523 Multiple Approaches—Calm Wind 526 An NDB at KTIW 527 A DME Arc at KOLM 531 A Back Course at KSLE 533 A Contact Approach at KBFI 535 Multiple Approaches—with Wind 537 NDB Approach with Wind 537 DME Arc with Wind 538 LOC BC Approach with Wind 539 Combo with a Side of Wind 539 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 541 Chapter 20: IFR Emergencies 543 IFR Emergencies in Theory 544 Partial-Panel Flying 544 Other IMC Emergencies 551 Recovery from Unusual Attitudes 555 Lost Communication 557 IFR Emergencies in Practice 562 Partial Panel 562 Electrical Failure 563 Unusual Attitude Recovery 564 Unexpected Emergencies 565 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 567 Part V: Commercial License 569 Chapter 21: Multiengine Flying in the Beechcraft Baron 571 Flying Multiengine Airplanes 572 Redline and Blueline 572 Some Other Baron Points 574 Getting Up to Speed in the Baron 577 Taxi the Twin 579 A Lean Machine 580 The Takeoff Briefing 581 Patience, Patience 581 Flight Profiles for the Baron 582 Baron on the Gauges 587 Doing Performance Takeoffs and Landings 591 What Makes the Field Short? 592 Crosswind Approaches 594 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 596 Chapter 22: Commercial Flight Maneuvers 597 Loading and Performance 598 Weight 598 CG and Aircraft Performance 600 Flight Maneuvers—Eights on Pylons 603 Commercial Flight Maneuvers 605 Steep Turns 606 Slow Flight and Stalls 607 Weight and Balance Flight Testing 609 Single Engine–Only Maneuvers 609 Steep Spiral 609 Emergency Approach and Landing 610 Chandelles 611 Lazy Eights 613 Eights on Pylons 615 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 616 Chapter 23: Flying with One Feathered 617 One Engine Down 618 Single-Engine Aerodynamics 618 Engine-out Procedures 624 Single-Engine Approaches and Landings 627 What’s Happening Here? 627 Single-Engine ILS 633 Single-Engine GPS Approach 634 Single-Engine Crosswind Landings 635 Additional Single-Engine Work 636 Engine Failure on Takeoff 636 VMC Demo 638 Drag Demo 639 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 641 Part VI: ATP and Beyond 643 Chapter 24: Multiplayer 645 Sharing the Virtual Skies 646 How Multiplayer Works 646 Getting into Multiplayer 647 Hosting a Multiplayer Session 649 Setting Up Shared Aircraft 653 Joining a Multiplayer Session 654 Playing Well with Others 657 Let’s Chat 658 Radio Chatter 658 Flying with Other Airplanes 661 Flying with Another Pilot 662 Climbing into the Tower 665 Your World, Their World 669 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 670 Chapter 25: Virtual Airlines and Online Flying 671 Virtual Airlines 672 Finding a Virtual Airline 673 Hubs and Pilot Bases 674 Moving Up the Ranks 674 Multiplayer 675 Online Flying 676 Starting Out 677 Communication 678 Training and Experience 679 Real (Virtual) Controllers 680 Events 684 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 685 Chapter 26: Virtual Air Traffic Control 687 Pushing Tin 688 Software Requirements 689 Becoming a Controller 690 The Radar Screen 691 Communication 695 Working with Other Controllers 696 ATC Positions from the Ground Up 698 Clearance Delivery 698 Ground Control 700 Tower (Local) Control 701 Approach (and Departure) Control 704 En Route (Center) Control 706 Key Points for Real Flying and FSX Built-ins 708 Chapter 27: Conclusion 709 Pelican’s Perspective 710 Index 711

Read more less

Book SynopsisA detailed, illustrated look at NASA's Mercury space program in the 1960s.Trade Reviewthese are the most detailed accounts I know of these pioneering programmes, bringing back memories of long ago for those of us old enough, providing inspiration for those not. - Ray Ward, Popular Astronomy, Dec 2016

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe ever evolving technology of waterproofing presents challenges and risks for architects and engineers who do not specialize in the field. The revised edition of The Manual of Below-Grade Waterproofing Systems provides the education and product information to enable designers to take a sound, fundamental approach to these contemporary challenges. Building designers specify waterproofing systems and materials that are often based on limited and subjective manufacturersâ literature or past experience with systems that work under specific conditions, but will fail in other installations. Leakage usually leads to litigation. This book gives you the tools to prevent that. This manual covers the history and science of waterproofing materials, the considerable distinctions between waterproofing roofs and plazas and below-grade surfaces, the critical procedures for protecting waterproofing materials during construction, diagnosing and remediating leaks, writing specif

Read more less

Book SynopsisModern concert halls and opera houses are now very specialized buildings with special acoustical characteristics. With new contemporary case-studies, this updated book explores these characteristics as an important resource for architects, engineers and auditorium technicians.Supported by over 40 detailed case studies and architectural drawings of 75 auditoria at a scale of 1:500, the survey of each auditorium type is completed with a discussion of current best practice to achieve optimum acoustics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn an easy-to-grasp, holistic manner Mastering Audio: The Art and the Science, Third Edition unravels the technical mysteries that regularly challenge audio engineers. Including practical tips and real world experiences, Bob Katz explains the technical detail of the subject in his informative and humorous style. Completely reorganized to focus on workflow, this third edition details mastering by providing a step-by-step approach to the process. First covering practical techniques and basic theory, this industry classic also addresses advanced theory and practice. The bookâs new approach is especially suitable to accompany a one- or two-term course in audio and mastering.Completely rewritten and organized to address changes that will continue to influence the audio world, this third edition includes several new chapters addressing the influence of loudness measurement and assessment and provides explanation of how mastering engineers must integrate loudness measuTrade Review"The definitive work on mastering...an indispensable resource for anyone working with audio. If you only buy one book on audio, this has to be it - it should be required reading for anyone involved with recording, producing or mastering music."-Sound on Sound magazine"After reading it, you will likely consider this book to be required reading for all audio professionals, regardless of technical background, who are interested in creating better sounding audio. I know that I do." - Jim Kaiser, Journal of the AES, March 2008"I just received my book in the mail. Bob, you did a great job with the 2nd edition. This version does not read as clinical as the first edition making it an easier read. I really like the layout and updated info you put in the book."- Glenn Bucci, Revelation Sound Studio"Aimed at intermediate to advanced users, what sets this book apart is the liberal inclusion of practical tips, and the author's ability to be authoritative without being didactic. Even if you already do mastering, this book will help you do it better."- Craig Anderton (editor of EQ magazine) "I have no reservations when I recommend that every engineer working with audio purchase a copy of Mastering Audio."- Tape Op Magazine, March/April 2008"If you want to know what goes on behind the scenes in recording the music you enjoy; and learn more about digital audio, this comprehensive, insightful, and accessible book is without peer."-Absolute Sound (Oct. 2007)"Within the pages of the outstanding third edition of his book Mastering Audio: Tile Art and the Science, Katz not only demystifies the subject of mastering in a logical, well-organized way, but he has created a resource that will be equally of interest to pros and beginners … [The book] examines topics that are important in every stage of the recording process, such as properly dealing with dynamics and monitoring, or understanding dither and jitter. Katz also delves into mixing and effects processing from the standpoint of the mastering engineer and the types of problems he or she typically encounters. Consequently, Mastering Audio should be mandatory reading for anyone making music in a personal studio."-Gino Robair, emusician.com "An important reference book needed during these times of fast-changing audio resolution standards and delivery methods, Katz offers an easy-to understand approach to the many technical conundrums and mysteries that challenge even the seasoned professional audio engineer." - Barry Rudolph, Music ConnectionPraise for the previous edition:"The definitive work on mastering...an indispensable resource for anyone working with audio. If you only buy one book on audio, this has to be it - it should be required reading for anyone involved with recording, producing or mastering music."-Sound on Sound magazine"After reading it, you will likely consider this book to be required reading for all audio professionals, regardless of technical background, who are interested in creating better sounding audio. I know that I do." - Jim Kaiser, Journal of the AES, March 2008"I just received my book in the mail. Bob, you did a great job with the 2nd edition. This version does not read as clinical as the first edition making it an easier read. I really like the layout and updated info you put in the book."- Glenn Bucci, Revelation Sound Studio"Aimed at intermediate to advanced users, what sets this book apart is the liberal inclusion of practical tips, and the author's ability to be authoritative without being didactic. Even if you already do mastering, this book will help you do it better."- Craig Anderton (editor of EQ magazine) "I have no reservations when I recommend that every engineer working with audio purchase a copy of Mastering Audio."- Tape Op Magazine, March/April 2008"If you want to know what goes on behind the scenes in recording the music you enjoy; and learn more about digital audio, this comprehensive, insightful, and accessible book is without peer."-Absolute Sound (Oct. 2007)Table of ContentsPart 1 PreparationChapter 1- No mastering engineer is an islandChapter 2- connecting it togetherChapter 3- An Earientation sessionChpater4- Word lengths and ditherChapter 5- Decibels: Not for DummiesChapter 6- Monitor qualityPart 2 Mastering TechniquesChapter7- Putting the album togetherChapter8- EqualizationChapter 9- MacrodynamicsChapter 10- Downward ProcessChapter 11- The Lost processChapter 12- Noise reductionChapter 13-Top processorsPart 3- Advanced Theory and Practice Chapter 14- How to make better recordings in the 21 centuryChapter 15- Monitor set up and calibrationChapter 16- Additional Mastering TechniquesChapter 17- Analog and digital processingChapter18- How to achieve depth and dimension in recording , mixing and masteringChapter19 Surround sound masteringChapter 20- High sample ratesChapter 21- JitterChapter 22- Technical tips and techniquesPart 4- In conclusionChapter23- Education Education EducationAppendices1- Radio Ready2- the tower of Babel3- Preparing tapes and files3- Premastering for vinyl5- Tape label/ log6- Conversations7- I feel the need for speed8I feel the need for capacity9- Footnotes on the K- system10 Recommended reading, Test CD's11- Biography: Eric James12-Biogropgy: Bob Katz13- Glossary

Read more less

Book SynopsisUsing examples from around the world, including the Shard in London and jumbo jets like the A380, David Blockley explores the world of structural engineering. This Very Short Introduction considers the crucial role structural engineering has on issues such as cost and energy efficiency to long-term sustainability and safety.Trade ReviewThere are many books on science for the general reader, but far fewer such books on engineering. This short introduction to structural engineering contributes to the latter. It is evident that the book's production required a vast knowledge and deep insight into the subject, coupled with a great deal of effort and indubitable ability and vision. * Tianjian Ji, The Structural Engineer *Table of Contents1. Everything has structure ; 2. Does form follow function? ; 3. From Stonehenge to skyscrapers ; 4. Understanding structure ; 5. Movers and shakers ; 6. Resilience ; Glossary ; References ; Further reading ; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisStep-by-step instructions enable chemical engineers to master key software programs and solve complex problems Today, both students and professionals in chemical engineering must solve increasingly complex problems dealing with refineries, fuel cells, microreactors, and pharmaceutical plants, to name a few. With this book as their guide, readers learn to solve these problems using their computers and Excel, MATLAB, Aspen Plus, and COMSOL Multiphysics. Moreover, they learn how to check their solutions and validate their results to make sure they have solved the problems correctly. Now in its Second Edition, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Computing is based on the author's firsthand teaching experience. As a result, the emphasis is on problem solving. Simple introductions help readers become conversant with each program and then tackle a broad range of problems in chemical engineering, including: Equations of state Chemical reactTable of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction 1 Organization, 2 Algebraic Equations, 3 Process Simulation, 3 Differential Equations, 3 Appendices, 4 2 Equations of State 7 Equations of State—Mathematical Formulation, 8 Solving Equations of State Using Excel (Single Equation in One Unknown), 12 Solution Using “Goal Seek”, 12 Solution Using “Solver”, 13 Example of a Chemical Engineering Problem Solved Using “Goal Seek”, 13 Solving Equations of State Using MATLAB (Single Equation in One Unknown), 15 Example of a Chemical Engineering Problem Solved Using MATLAB, 16 Another Example of a Chemical Engineering Problem Solved Using MATLAB, 18 Equations of State With Aspen Plus, 20 Example Using Aspen Plus, 20 Specific Volume of a Mixture, 21 Chapter Summary, 26 Problems, 26 Numerical Problems, 28 3 Vapor–Liquid Equilibria 29 Flash and Phase Separation, 30 Isothermal Flash—Development of Equations, 30 Example Using Excel, 32 Thermodynamic Parameters, 33 Example Using MATLAB, 34 Example Using Aspen Plus, 35 Nonideal Liquids—Test of Thermodynamic Model, 39 NIST Thermo Data Engine in Aspen Plus, 41 Chapter Summary, 44 Problems, 44 Numerical Problems, 48 4 Chemical Reaction Equilibria 49 Chemical Equilibrium Expression, 50 Example of Hydrogen for Fuel Cells, 51 Solution Using Excel, 52 Solution Using MATLAB, 53 Chemical Reaction Equilibria with Two or More Equations, 56 Multiple Equations, Few Unknowns Using MATLAB, 56 Chemical Reaction Equilibria Using Aspen Plus, 59 Chapter Summary, 59 Problems, 60 Numerical Problems, 63 5 Mass Balances with Recycle Streams 65 Mathematical Formulation, 66 Example Without Recycle, 68 Example with Recycle; Comparison of Sequential and Simultaneous Solution Methods, 70 Example of Process Simulation Using Excel for Simple Mass Balances, 72 Example of Process Simulation Using Aspen Plus for Simple Mass Balances, 73 Example of Process Simulation with Excel Including Chemical Reaction Equilibria, 74 Did the Iterations Converge?, 75 Extensions, 76 Chapter Summary, 76 Class Exercises, 76 Class Discussion (After Viewing Problem 5.10 on the Book Website), 76 Problems, 77 6 Thermodynamics and Simulation of Mass Transfer Equipment 85 Thermodynamics, 86 Guidelines for Choosing, 89 Properties Environment | Home | Methods Selection Assistant, 89 Thermodynamic Models, 90 Example: Multicomponent Distillation with Shortcut Methods, 91 Multicomponent Distillation with Rigorous Plate-to-Plate Methods, 95 Example: Packed Bed Absorption, 97 Example: Gas Plant Product Separation, 100 Example: Water Gas Shift Equilibrium Reactor with Sensitivity Block and Design Specification Block, 102 Chapter Summary, 106 Class Exercise, 106 Problems (using Aspen Plus), 106 7 Process Simulation 109 Model Library, 110 Example: Ammonia Process, 110 Development of the Model, 112 Solution of the Model, 115 Examination of Results, 115 Testing the Thermodynamic Model, 118 Utility Costs, 118 Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 120 Convergence Hints, 120 Optimization, 122 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, 125 Cellulose to Ethanol, 126 Chapter Summary, 128 Class Exercise, 128 Problems, 128 Problems Involving Corn Stover and Ethanol, 131 8 Chemical Reactors 137 Mathematical Formulation of Reactor Problems, 138 Example: Plug Flow Reactor and Batch Reactor, 138 Example: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, 140 Using MATLAB to Solve Ordinary Differential Equations, 140 Simple Example, 140 Use of the “Global” Command, 142 Passing Parameters, 143 Example: Isothermal Plug Flow Reactor, 144 Example: Nonisothermal Plug Flow Reactor, 146 Using Comsol Multiphysics to Solve Ordinary Differential Equations, 148 Simple Example, 148 Example: Isothermal Plug Flow Reactor, 150 Example: Nonisothermal Plug Flow Reactor, 151 Reactor Problems with Mole Changes and Variable Density, 153 Chemical Reactors with Mass Transfer Limitations, 155 Plug Flow Chemical Reactors in Aspen Plus, 158 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors, 161 Solution Using Excel, 162 Solution Using MATLAB, 163 CSTR with Multiple Solutions, 163 Transient Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors, 164 Chapter Summary, 168 Problems, 169 Numerical Problems (See Appendix E), 174 9 Transport Processes in One Dimension 175 Applications in Chemical Engineering—Mathematical Formulations, 176 Heat Transfer, 176 Diffusion and Reaction, 177 Fluid Flow, 178 Unsteady Heat Transfer, 180 Introduction to Comsol Multiphysics, 180 Example: Heat Transfer in a Slab, 181 Solution Using Comsol Multiphysics, 181 Solution Using MATLAB, 184 Example: Reaction and Diffusion, 185 Parametric Solution, 186 Example: Flow of a Newtonian Fluid in a Pipe, 188 Example: Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid in a Pipe, 190 Example: Transient Heat Transfer, 193 Solution Using Comsol Multiphysics, 193 Solution Using MATLAB, 195 Example: Linear Adsorption, 196 Example: Chromatography, 199 Pressure Swing Adsorption, 203 Chapter Summary, 204 Problems, 204 Chemical Reaction, 204 Chemical Reaction and Heat Transfer, 205 Mass Transfer, 207 Heat Transfer, 207 Electrical Fields, 207 Fluid Flow, 208 Numerical Problems (See Appendix E), 213 10 Fluid Flow in Two and Three Dimensions 215 Mathematical Foundation of Fluid Flow, 217 Navier–Stokes Equation, 217 Non-Newtonian Fluid, 218 Nondimensionalization, 219 Option One: Slow Flows, 219 Option Two: High-Speed Flows, 220 Example: Entry Flow in a Pipe, 221 Example: Entry Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid, 226 Example: Flow in Microfluidic Devices, 227 Example: Turbulent Flow in a Pipe, 230 Example: Start-Up Flow in a Pipe, 233 Example: Flow Through an Orifice, 235 Example: Flow in a Serpentine Mixer, 239 Microfluidics, 240 Mechanical Energy Balance for Laminar Flow, 243 Pressure Drop for Contractions and Expansions, 245 Generation of Two-Dimensional Inlet Velocity Profiles for Three-Dimensional Simulations, 246 Chapter Summary, 249 Problems, 249 11 Heat and Mass Transfer in Two and Three Dimensions 259 Convective Diffusion Equation, 260 Nondimensional Equations, 261 Example: Heat Transfer in Two Dimensions, 262 Example: Heat Conduction with a Hole, 264 Example: Convective Diffusion in Microfluidic Devices, 265 Example: Concentration-Dependent Viscosity, 268 Example: Viscous Dissipation, 269 Example: Chemical Reaction, 270 Example: Wall Reactions, 272 Example: Mixing in a Serpentine Mixer, 272 Microfluidics, 274 Characterization of Mixing, 276 Average Concentration along an Optical Path, 276 Peclet Number, 276 Example: Convection and Diffusion in a Three-Dimensional T-Sensor, 278 Chapter Summary, 280 Problems, 280 Steady, Two-Dimensional Problems, 280 Heat Transfer with Flow, 283 Reaction with Known Flow, 284 Reaction with No Flow, 285 Solve for Concentration and Flow, 286 Numerical Problems, 289 Appendix A HintsWhen Using Excel® 291 Introduction, 291 Calculation, 292 Plotting, 293 Import and Export, 294 Presentation, 294 Appendix B HintsWhen Using MATLAB® 297 General Features, 298 Screen Format, 298 Stop/Closing the Program, 299 m-files and Scripts, 299 Workspaces and Transfer of Information, 300 “Global” Command, 300 Display Tools, 301 Classes of Data, 301 Programming Options: Input/Output, Loops, Conditional Statements, Timing, and Matrices, 302 Input/Output, 302 Loops, 303 Conditional Statements, 303 Timing Information, 304 Matrices, 304 Matrix Multiplication, 304 Element by Element Calculations, 305 More Information, 306 Finding and Fixing Errors, 306 Eigenvalues of a Matrix, 307 Evaluate an Integral, 307 Spline Interpolation, 307 Interpolate Data, Evaluate the Polynomial, and Plot the Result, 308 Solve Algebraic Equations, 309 Using “fsolve”, 309 Solve Algebraic Equations Using “fzero” or “fminsearch” (Both in Standard MATLAB), 309 Integrate Ordinary Differential Equations that are Initial Value Problems, 309 Differential-Algebraic Equations, 311 Checklist for Using “ode45” and Other Integration Packages, 311 Plotting, 312 Simple Plots, 312 Add Data to an Existing Plot, 312 Dress Up Your Plot, 312 Multiple Plots, 313 3D Plots, 313 More Complicated Plots, 314 Use Greek Letters and Symbols in the Text, 314 Bold, Italics, and Subscripts, 314 Other Applications, 315 Plotting Results from Integration of Partial Differential Equations Using Method of Lines, 315 Import/Export Data, 315 Import/Export with Comsol Multiphysics, 318 Programming Graphical User Interfaces, 318 MATLAB Help, 318 Applications of MATLAB, 319 Appendix C Hints When Using Aspen Plus® 321 Introduction, 321 Flowsheet, 323 Model Library, 323 Place Units on Flowsheet, 324 Connect the Units with Streams, 324 Data, 324 Setup, 324 Data Entry, 325 Specify Components, 325 Specify Properties, 325 Specify Input Streams, 326 Specify Block Parameters, 326 Run the Problem, 326 Scrutinize the Stream Table, 327 Checking Your Results, 328 Change Conditions, 328 Report, 329 Transfer the Flowsheet and Mass and Energy Balance to a Word Processing Program, 329 Prepare Your Report, 329 Save Your Results, 330 Getting Help, 330 Advanced Features, 330 Flowsheet Sections, 330 Mass Balance Only Simulations and Inclusion of Solids, 331 Transfer Between Excel and Aspen, 331 Block Summary, 331 Calculator Blocks, 332 Aspen Examples, 334 Molecule Draw, 334 Applications of Aspen Plus, 334 Appendix D HintsWhen Using Comsol Multiphysics® 335 Basic Comsol Multiphysics Techniques, 336 Opening Screens, 336 Equations, 337 Specify the Problem and Parameters, 337 Physics, 339 Definitions, 339 Geometry, 339 Materials, 340 Discretization, 341 Boundary Conditions, 341 Mesh, 342 Solve and Examine the Solution, 342 Solve, 342 Plot, 342 Publication Quality Figures, 343 Results, 343 Probes, 344 Data Sets, 344 Advanced Features, 345 Mesh, 345 Transfer to Excel, 346 LiveLink with MATLAB, 347 Variables, 348 Animation, 349 Studies, 349 Help with Convergence, 349 Help with Time-Dependent Problems, 350 Jump Discontinuity, 350 Help, 351 Applications of Comsol Multiphysics, 351 Appendix E Mathematical Methods 353 Algebraic Equations, 354 Successive Substitution, 354 Newton–Raphson, 354 Ordinary Differential Equations as Initial Value Problems, 356 Euler’s Method, 356 Runge–Kutta Methods, 357 MATLAB and ode45 and ode15s, 357 Ordinary Differential Equations as Boundary Value Problems, 358 Finite Difference Method, 359 Finite Difference Method in Excel, 360 Finite Element Method in One Space Dimension, 361 Initial Value Methods, 363 Partial Differential Equations in time and One Space Dimension, 365 Problems with Strong Convection, 366 Partial Differential Equations in Two Space Dimensions, 367 Finite-Difference Method for Elliptic Equations in Excel, 367 Finite Element Method for Two-Dimensional Problems, 368 Summary, 370 Problems, 370 References 373 Index 379

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs one of the most comprehensive machine learning texts around, this book does justice to the field's incredible richness, but without losing sight of the unifying principles. Peter Flach's clear, example-based approach begins by discussing how a spam filter works, which gives an immediate introduction to machine learning in action, with a minimum of technical fuss. Flach provides case studies of increasing complexity and variety with well-chosen examples and illustrations throughout. He covers a wide range of logical, geometric and statistical models and state-of-the-art topics such as matrix factorisation and ROC analysis. Particular attention is paid to the central role played by features. The use of established terminology is balanced with the introduction of new and useful concepts, and summaries of relevant background material are provided with pointers for revision if necessary. These features ensure Machine Learning will set a new standard as an introductory textbook.Trade Review"This textbook is clearly written and well organized. Starting from the basics, the author skillfully guides the reader through his learning process by providing useful facts and insight into the behavior of several machine learning techniques, as well as the high-level pseudocode of many key algorithms." < /br>Fernando Berzal, Computing ReviewsTable of ContentsPrologue: a machine learning sampler; 1. The ingredients of machine learning; 2. Binary classification and related tasks; 3. Beyond binary classification; 4. Concept learning; 5. Tree models; 6. Rule models; 7. Linear models; 8. Distance-based models; 9. Probabilistic models; 10. Features; 11. In brief: model ensembles; 12. In brief: machine learning experiments; Epilogue: where to go from here; Important points to remember; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA fully updated version of the popular Introduction to Tribology, the second edition of this leading tribology text introduces the major developments in the understanding and interpretation of friction, wear and lubrication. Considerations of friction and wear have been fully revised to include recent analysis and data work, and friction mechanisms have been reappraised in light of current developments. In this edition, the breakthroughs in tribology at the nano- and micro- level as well as recent developments in nanotechnology and magnetic storage technologies are introduced. A new chapter on the emerging field of green tribology and biomimetics is included. Introduces the topic of tribology from a mechanical engineering, mechanics and materials science points of view Newly updated chapter covers both the underlying theory and the current applications of tribology to industry Updated write-up on nanotribology and nanotechnology and intrTable of ContentsAbout the Author xv Foreword xvii Series Preface xix Preface to the Second Edition xxi Preface to the First Edition xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition and History of Tribology 1 1.2 Industrial Significance of Tribology 3 1.3 Origins and Significance of Micro/Nanotribology 4 1.4 Organization of the Book 6 2 Solid Surface Characterization 9 2.1 The Nature of Surfaces 9 2.2 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Surface Layers 10 2.3 Analysis of Surface Roughness 14 2.4 Measurement of Surface Roughness 51 2.5 Closure 84 3 Contact Between Solid Surfaces 91 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2 Analysis of the Contacts 92 3.3 Measurement of the Real Area of Contact 146 3.4 Closure 150 4 Adhesion 157 4.1 Introduction 157 4.2 Solid–Solid Contact 158 4.3 Liquid-Mediated Contact 172 4.4 Closure 194 5 Friction 199 5.1 Introduction 199 5.2 Solid–Solid Contact 201 5.3 Liquid-Mediated Contact 236 5.4 Friction of Materials 239 5.5 Closure 264 6 Interface Temperature of Sliding Surfaces 273 6.1 Introduction 273 6.2 Thermal Analysis 274 6.3 Interface Temperature Measurements 298 6.4 Closure 309 7 Wear 315 7.1 Introduction 315 7.2 Types of Wear Mechanism 316 7.3 Types of Particles Present in Wear Debris 365 7.4 Wear of Materials 369 7.5 Closure 388 8 Fluid Film Lubrication 399 8.1 Introduction 399 8.2 Regimes of Fluid Film Lubrication 400 8.3 Viscous Flow and Reynolds Equation 404 8.4 Hydrostatic Lubrication 418 8.5 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 428 8.6 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 481 8.7 Closure 493 9 Boundary Lubrication and Lubricants 501 9.1 Introduction 501 9.2 Boundary Lubrication 501 9.3 Liquid Lubricants 511 9.4 Greases 520 9.5 Closure 521 10 Nanotribology 525 10.1 Introduction 525 10.2 SFA Studies 527 10.3 AFM/FFM Studies 538 10.4 Atomic-Scale Computer Simulations 598 10.5 Closure 602 11 Friction and Wear Screening Test Methods 615 11.1 Introduction 615 11.2 Design Methodology 615 11.3 Typical Test Geometries 619 11.4 Closure 628 12 Tribological Components and Applications 631 12.1 Introduction 631 12.2 Common Tribological Components 631 12.3 MEMS/NEMS 644 12.4 Material Processing 656 12.5 Industrial Applications 662 12.6 Closure 676 13 Green Tribology and Biomimetics 683 13.1 Introduction 683 13.2 Green Tribology 683 13.3 Biomimetics 689 13.4 Closure 693 References 694 Further Reading 696 AppendixA Units, Conversions, and Useful Relations 697 A.1 Fundamental Constants 697 A.2 Conversion of Units 698 A.3 Useful Relations 698 Index 701

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by a highly regarded author with industrial and academic experience, this new edition of an established bestselling book provides practical guidance for students, researchers, and those in chemical engineering.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xv Nomenclature xvii 1 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration 1 2 Process Economics 19 3 Optimization 37 4 Chemical Reactors I – Reactor Performance 59 5 Chemical Reactors II – Reactor Conditions 81 6 Chemical Reactors III – Reactor Configuration 107 7 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures 125 8 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures I – Distillation 139 9 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures II – Other Methods 185 10 Distillation Sequencing 221 11 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation 247 12 Heat Exchange 275 13 Pumping and Compression 349 14 Continuous Process Recycle Structure 377 15 Continuous Process Simulation and Optimization 393 16 Batch Processes 417 17 Heat Exchanger Networks I – Network Targets 457 18 Heat Exchanger Networks II – Network Design 501 19 Heat Exchanger Networks III – Stream Data 543 20 Heat Integration of Reactors 555 21 Heat Integration of Distillation 563 22 Heat Integration of Evaporators and Dryers 577 23 Steam Systems and Cogeneration 583 24 Cooling and Refrigeration Systems 647 25 Environmental Design for Atmospheric Emissions 687 26 Water System Design 721 27 Environmental Sustainability in Chemical Production 781 28 Process Safety 811 Appendix A Physical Properties in Process Design 827 Appendix B Materials of Construction 853 Appendix C Annualization of Capital Cost 861 Appendix D The Maximum Thermal Effectiveness for 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 863 Appendix E Expression for the Minimum Number of 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for a Given Unit 865 Appendix F Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 867 Appendix G Gas Compression Theory 875 Appendix H Algorithm for the Heat Exchanger Network Area Target 881 Index 883

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book will teach you everything you need to know to start using SOLIDWORKS 2025 with easy to understand, step-by-step tutorials. This book features a simple robot design used as a project throughout the book. You will learn to model parts, create assemblies, run simulations and even create animations of your robot design.No previous experience with Computer Aided Design (CAD) is needed since this book starts at an introductory level. The author begins by getting you familiar with the SOLIDWORKS interface and its basic tools right away. You will start by learning to model simple robot parts and before long you will graduate to creating more complex parts and multi-view drawings.Along the way you will learn the fundamentals of parametric modeling through the use of geometric constraints and relationships. You will also become familiar with many of SOLIDWORKS's powerful tools and commands that enable you to easily construct complex features in your models. Also included is coverage of gears, gear trains and spur gear creation using SOLIDWORKS.This book continues by examining the different mechanisms commonly used in walking robots. You will learn the basic types of planar four-bar linkages commonly used in mechanical designs and how to use the GeoGebra Dynamic Geometry software to simulate and analyze 2D linkages. Using the knowledge you gained about linkages and mechanisms, you will learn how to modify your robot and change its behavior by modifying or creating new parts.In the second to last chapter of this book you learn how to combine all the robot parts into assemblies and then run motion analysis. You will finish off your project by creating 3D animations of your robot in action.Finally, in the last chapter, the author introduces you to 3D printing. You will learn the general principles of 3D printing including a brief history of 3D printing, the types of 3D printing technologies, commonly used filaments, and the basic procedure for printing a 3D model. Being able to turn your designs into physical objects will open up a whole new world of possibilities to you.There are many books that show you how to perform individual tasks with SOLIDWORKS, but this book takes you through an entire project and shows you the complete engineering process. By the end of this book you will have modeled and assembled nearly all the parts that make up the TAMIYA Mechanical Tiger and can start building your own robot.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSince the publication of the first edition of Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use in 1988, it has become the leading technical book for the industry. From the beginning it was recognised that the complexity of the chocolate industry means that no single person can be an expert in every aspect of it. For example, the academic view of a process such as crystallisation can be very different from that of a tempering machine operator, so some topics have more than one chapter to take this into account. It is also known that the biggest selling chocolate, in say the USA, tastes very different from that in the UK, so the authors in the book were chosen from a wide variety of countries making the book truly international. Each new edition is a mixture of updates, rewrites and new topics. In this book the new subjects include artisan or craft scale production, compound chocolates and sensory.This book is an essential purchase for all those involved in the manufacture,Trade Review'The fifth edition of this invaluable book continues to be the definitive work on all things to do with cocoa and chocolate... The level of detail is well judged, offering explanation, practical advice and plenty of technical and scientific detail in each chapter, but also providing cross references and an excellent bibliography at the end of each chapter to allow further investigation of topics. The writing style is lucid, drawing the reader into the subject and exciting interest and further reading. In addition to the text, there are many useful and interesting photographs, tables, drawings and charts which enhance the discussions and illustrate important points ... This is a book which justifies its place at the hand of anyone involved in cocoa and chocolate. There will be very few in the industry whose knowledge and experience are so comprehensive as not to find useful information between its covers.' Confectionery Production, November 2017Table of ContentsContributors, xxiv Preface, xxxv 1 Traditional chocolate making, 1Stephen T. Beckett 1.1 History, 1 1.2 Outline of the process, 2 1.3 Concept of the book, 7 References, 8 2 Cocoa beans: from tree to factory, 9Mark S. Fowler and Fabien Coutel 2.1 Introduction, 9 2.2 Growing cocoa, 10 2.3 Fermentation and drying, 20 2.4 The cocoa supply chain, 25 2.5 The cocoa value chain: long‐term perspectives and challenges, 31 2.6 Quality assessment of cocoa, 34 2.7 Types and origins of cocoa beans used in chocolate, 42 Conclusions, 47 References, 48 Appendix: Abbreviations, acronyms and organisations, 49 3 Production of cocoa mass, cocoa butter and cocoa powder, 50Henri J. Kamphuis, revised by Mark S. Fowler 3.1 Introduction, 50 3.2 Cleaning of cocoa beans, 50 3.3 Removal of shell, 52 3.4 Breaking and winnowing, 53 3.5 Alkalisation, 54 3.6 Bean and nib roasting, 54 3.7 Cocoa mass (cocoa liquor), 58 3.8 Cocoa butter, 62 3.9 Cocoa press cake and cocoa powder, 65 Conclusion, 69 Appendix: Manufacturers of cocoa processing equipment, 70 References and further reading, 70 4 Sugar and bulk sweeteners, 72Christof Krüger 4.1 Introduction, 72 4.2 The production of sugar, 72 4.3 Sugar qualities, 74 4.4 The storage of sugar, 75 4.5 Sugar grinding and the prevention of sugar dust explosions, 77 4.6 Amorphous sugar, 80 4.7 Other sugars and bulk sweeteners, 81 4.8 Physiological characteristics of sugars, bulk sweeteners and special polysaccharides, 89 4.9 The sweetening power of sugars and bulk sweeteners, 92 4.10 Other sensory properties of sugars and bulk sweeteners, 93 4.11 Solubilities and melting points of sugars and bulk sweeteners, 95 4.12 Maximum conching temperatures of chocolate masses with different bulk sweeteners, 95 4.13 Separate conching process for “no sugar added” chocolates, 97 4.14 Pre‐ and probiotic chocolates, 97 Conclusions, 98 References, 98 5 Ingredients from milk, 102Ulla P. Skytte and Kerry E. Kaylegian 5.1 Introduction, 102 5.2 Milk components, 103 5.3 Milk‐based ingredients for chocolate, 114 Conclusion, 131 References, 131 6 Chocolate Crumb, 135Martin A. Wells 6.1 Introduction and history, 135 6.2 Benefits of milk crumb, 136 6.3 Typical crumb recipes, 137 6.4 Flavour development in chocolate crumb, 137 6.5 Sugar crystallisation during crumb manufacture, 141 6.6 The structure of chocolate crumb, 142 6.7 Typical crumb processes and equipment, 145 6.8 Effect of the crumb process upon the crumb properties, 150 6.9 Changes to crumb during storage, 150 Conclusion, 151 References, 152 7 Properties of cocoa butter and vegetable fats, 153Geoff Talbot 7.1 Introduction, 153 7.2 Cocoa butter, 154 7.3 Cocoa butter equivalents, 162 7.4 Lauric cocoa butter substitutes, 176 7.5 Non‐lauric cocoa butter replacers, 179 7.6 Vegetable fats with specific properties, 181 Conclusion, 182 References and further reading, 183 8 Flavour development in cocoa and chocolate, 185Gottfried Ziegleder 8.1 Introduction, 185 8.2 Fermentation, 185 8.3 Drying, 190 8.4 Roasting, 193 8.5 Conching, 201 8.6 Dark chocolate and milk chocolate, 205 8.7 Flavour release in chocolate, 208 References, 209 9 Particle size reduction, 216Gregory R. Ziegler and Richard Hogg 9.1 Introduction, 216 9.2 Principles of fine grinding, 217 9.3 Grinding equipment, 220 9.4 Cocoa nib grinding, 224 9.5 Chocolate refining, 226 9.6 Particle size reduction and chocolate flow properties, 233 9.7 Particle size and sensory properties, 237 Conclusions, 238 References, 239 10 Conching, 241Stephen T. Beckett, Konstantinos Paggios and Ian Roberts 10.1 Introduction: the reason for conching, 241 10.2 The principles of conching, 242 10.3 The three phases of conching, 248 10.4 Conching machines, 251 Conclusion, 272 References and further reading, 273 11 Chocolate flow properties, 274Bettina Wolf 11.1 Introduction, 274 11.2 Non‐Newtonian flow, 275 11.3 Presentation of viscosity measurements, 278 11.4 Single point flow measurement, 279 11.5 Rotational viscometers, 282 11.6 Vibrational viscometers, 285 11.7 Oscillatory rheometers, 285 11.8 Sample preparation and measurement procedures, 286 11.9 Factors affecting the flow properties of chocolate, 289 11.10 Advanced methods to characterise chocolate flow behaviour, 295 Conclusions, 296 Acknowledgements, 296 References, 296 12 Bulk chocolate handling, 298John H. Walker 12.1 Introduction, 298 12.2 Viscosity and viscometry, 298 12.3 Pump sizes, 301 12.4 General criteria for choosing a pump, 301 12.5 Types of pump, 302 12.6 Pipeline pigging, 307 12.7 Storage of liquid chocolate, 308 12.8 Jacketed pipe work, 309 12.9 Valves, 311 12.10 Contamination removal, 312 Conclusions, 313 Acknowledgements, 313 13 Tempering, 314Erich J. Windhab 13.1 Introduction, 314 13.2 Physics of cocoa butter crystallisation, 315 13.3 Chocolate tempering technology, 316 13.4 Measurement of temper and its related characteristics, 318 13.5 Tempering processes, 323 13.6 Types of tempering machine, 331 13.7 Properties of CBCS tempered chocolate, 346 13.8 Other methods of tempering, 352 Conclusion, 352 Acknowledgements, 353 References and further reading, 353 Appendix: Machinery manufacturers, 355 14 Moulding, enrobing and cooling chocolate products, 356Michael P. Gray, revised and updated by Ángel Máñez-Cortell 14.1 Introduction, 356 14.2 Moulding, 356 14.3 Enrobing, 383 Conclusions, 398 Acknowledgements, 398 References and further reading, 398 15 Non‐conventional machines and processes, 400Dave J. Peters 15.1 Introduction, 400 15.2 Ultrasound, 400 15.3 High shear/low temperature crystalliser, 402 15.4 High pressure temperer, 404 15.5 Extrusion, 405 15.6 “Single shot” depositors, 413 15.7 Aeration of chocolate, 418 15.8 Cold forming technologies, 421 15.9 Paste conching, 428 Conclusions, 428 References, 429 16 Chocolate panning, 431Marcel Aebi, revised by Mark S. Fowler 16.1 Introduction, 431 16.2 Panning methods, 432 16.3 The process of chocolate panning, 434 16.4 Packaging and storage, 444 16.5 The panning department, 445 Conclusions and future developments, 449 References and further reading, 449 Appendix: Manufacturers of panning equipment, 449 17 Chocolate rework, 450Edward Minson and Randall Hofberger 17.1 Introduction, 450 17.2 Rework, 450 17.3 Constraints, 451 17.4 Economics, 453 Conclusions, 455 References, 455 18 Artisan chocolate making, 456Sophie Jewett 18.1 Introduction, 456 18.2 Chocolate trends in mature markets, 456 18.3 Selecting the right product lines to make, 458 18.4 Critical considerations, 464 18.5 Taking products to market, 469 18.6 Selecting the right chocolate, 473 18.7 Hand‐tempering techniques, 474 Conclusions, 478 Further reading, 478 19 Chocolate compounds and coatings, 479Stuart Dale 19.1 Introduction, 479 19.2 What are chocolate compounds and coatings?, 479 19.3 Manufacture of compounds and coatings, 482 19.4 How compounds are used, 485 19.5 Benefits of using chocolate compounds, 485 19.6 Trans fatty acids in chocolate compounds, 488 19.7 Environmental aspects, 489 19.8 Summary of the properties of compound coatings, 489 19.9 The future of compound coatings, 489 References and further reading, 491 20 Recipes, 492Edward G. Wohlmuth 20.1 Chocolate tastes in different countries, 492 20.2 The basic ingredients, 494 20.3 Conching to develop flavours, 495 20.4 Chocolate recipes, 496 Conclusions, 508 21 Sensory evaluation of chocolate and cocoa products, 509Meriel L. Harwood and John E. Hayes 21.1 Introduction, 509 21.2 Types of sensory tests, 510 21.3 Special considerations, 513 21.4 General considerations/good sensory testing practices, 517 Conclusions, 519 References, 519 22 Nutritional and health aspects of chocolate, 521Joshua D. Lambert 22.1 Introduction, 521 22.2 Macronutrients, 522 22.3 Vitamins and minerals, 523 22.4 Flavanols and proanthocyanidins, 523 22.5 Methylxanthines, 524 22.6 Cardiovascular disease, 524 22.7 Obesity and metabolic syndrome, 525 22.8 Inflammation, 526 22.9 Neuroprotective and cognitive effects, 527 Conclusions, 529 Acknowledgements, 529 References, 529 23 Quality control and shelf life, 532Marlene B. Stauffer 23.1 Introduction, 532 23.2 Finding the perfect bean, 532 23.3 Cocoa bean preparation on arrival, 535 23.4 Cocoa bean cleaning, 535 23.5 Roasting of cocoa beans, 537 23.6 Cocoa nib grinding, 539 23.7 Cocoa butter pressing, 541 23.8 Cocoa powder, 542 23.9 Chocolate manufacturing, 542 23.10 Specifications, 547 23.11 Tempering, 548 23.12 Shelf life of finished confections, 549 24 Instrumentation, 555Ulrich Loeser 24.1 Introduction, 555 24.2 Production measurement technology – in‐/on‐line, off‐line, 557 24.3 Laboratory analysis, 584 24.4 Summary of important analytical procedures in a typical quality assurance laboratory, 594 Conclusions, 595 Acknowledgements, 596 References and further reading, 596 25 Food safety in chocolate manufacture and processing, 598Faith Burndred and Liz Peace 25.1 Introduction, 598 25.2 The importance of food safety management in chocolate processing, 598 25.3 HACCP and prerequisite programmes, 599 25.4 Physical hazards, 599 25.5 Chemical hazards, 604 25.6 Microbiological hazards, 607 25.7 Allergen hazards, 614 Conclusions, 617 References, 617 26 Packaging, 620Carl E. Jones 26.1 Introduction, 620 26.2 Confectionery types, 620 26.3 Flow wrap machinery and sealing, 631 26.4 Materials, 633 26.5 Sustainability, 646 26.6 Portion control, 648 26.7 Quality control and environmental criteria, 651 References and further reading, 653 27 The global chocolate confectionery market, 654Jonathan Thomas 27.1 Background, 654 27.2 The global chocolate market, 656 27.3 Industry supply, 657 27.4 Global production and consumption of chocolate, 659 27.5 Reasons for eating confectionery, 662 27.6 The marketing of confectionery, 665 27.7 The regulatory position, 669 Conclusions, 672 References, 674 28 Legal aspects of chocolate manufacture, 675Richard Wood 28.1 Introduction, 675 28.2 International standards – the Codex Alimentarius, 675 28.3 European standards, 680 28.4 United States of America, 686 28.5 Canada, 689 28.6 BRIC markets, 690 28.7 Use of additives, 690 28.8 Labelling, 692 Conclusions, 693 Further reading, 694 29 Intellectual property: Protecting products and processes, 695Patrick J. Couzens 29.1 Introduction, 695 29.2 Patents, 695 29.3 Trade marks, 708 29.4 Designs, 711 29.5 Copyright, 712 29.6 Contracts and agreements, 713 29.7 Trade secrets, 715 29.8 Defensive publication, 717 29.9 Strategy, 717 29.10 Enforcement, 723 29.11 How to find help, 724 Conclusions, 725 References, 725 Appendix: Useful web addresses, 726 30 Future trends, 727Stephen T. Beckett 30.1 Past predictions, 727 30.2 Present position, 729 30.3 Possible future trends, 731 References, 732 Glossary, 734 Useful physical constants, 737 Index, 739

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe definitive work on grease lubrication in industrial and vehicle engineering, this book provides an overview of the literature, presents state of the art models, and examines the physical and chemical aspects of grease lubrication, particularly lubrication of rolling bearings.Table of ContentsPreface xvii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Lubricate Rolling Bearings? 1 1.2 History of Grease Lubrication 2 1.3 Grease Versus Oil Lubrication 3 2 Lubrication Mechanisms 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Definition of Grease 6 2.3 Operating Conditions 6 2.4 The Phases in Grease Lubrication 7 2.5 Film Thickness During the Bleeding Phase 8 2.6 Feed and Loss Mechanisms During the Bleeding Phase 10 2.7 Film Thickness and Starvation (Side Flow) 11 2.8 Track Replenishment 12 2.9 Grease Flow 13 2.10 Wall-Slip 15 2.11 Oxidation 16 2.12 EP Additives 16 2.13 Dynamic Behaviour 17 2.14 Grease Life 17 3 Grease Composition and Properties 23 3.1 Base Oil 24 3.2 Base Oil Viscosity and Density 41 3.3 Thickener 49 3.4 Additives 61 3.5 Solid Fillers/Dry Lubricants 66 3.6 Compatibility 67 3.7 Polymer Grease 67 4 Grease Life in Rolling Bearings 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Relubrication Intervals and Grease Life 71 4.3 The Traffic Light Concept 72 4.4 Grease Life as a Function of Temperature in the Green Zone 75 4.5 SKF Relubrication and Grease Life 76 4.6 Comparison Grease Life/Relubrication Models 78 4.7 Very Low and High Speeds 82 4.8 Large Rolling Bearings 85 4.9 Effect of Load 86 4.10 Effect of Outer-Ring Rotation 90 4.11 Cage Material 90 4.12 Bearing Type 91 4.13 Temperature and Bearing Material 92 4.14 Grease Fill 94 4.15 Vertical Shaft 95 4.16 Vibrations and Shock Loads 96 4.17 Grease Shelf Life/Storage Life 97 5 Lubricating Grease Rheology 99 5.1 Visco-Elastic Behaviour 99 5.2 Viscometers 102 5.3 Oscillatory Shear 108 5.4 Shear Thinning and Yield 112 5.5 Yield Stress 118 5.6 Wall-Slip Effects 122 5.7 Translation Between Oscillatory Shear and Linear Shear Measurements 125 5.8 Normal stresses 126 5.9 Time Dependent Viscosity and Thixotropy 128 5.10 Tackiness 133 6 Grease and Base Oil Flow 137 6.1 Grease Flow in Pipes 137 6.2 Grease Flow in Rolling Bearings 149 7 Grease Bleeding 157 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Ball Versus Roller Bearings 158 7.3 Grease Bleeding Measurement Techniques 158 7.4 Bleeding from the Covers and Under the Cage 159 7.5 A Grease Bleeding Model for Pressurized Grease by Centrifugal Forces 161 8 Grease Aging 171 8.1 Mechanical Aging 172 8.2 Grease Oxidation 179 8.3 The Chemistry of Base Oil Film Oxidation 181 8.4 Oxidation of the Thickener 183 8.5 A Simple Model for Base Oil Degradation 184 8.6 Polymerization 186 8.7 Evaporation 186 8.8 Simple Models for the Life of Base Oil 186 9 Film Thickness Theory for Single Contacts 191 9.1 Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication 192 9.2 Contact Geometry and Deformation 198 9.3 EHL Film Thickness, Oil 202 9.4 EHD Film Thickness, Grease 205 9.5 Starvation 212 9.6 Spin 225 10 Film Thickness in Grease Lubricated Rolling Bearings 227 10.1 Thin Layer Flow on Bearing Surfaces 228 10.2 Starved EHL for Rolling Bearings 234 10.3 Cage Clearance and Film Thickness 239 10.4 Full Bearing Film Thickness 241 11 Grease dynamics 245 11.1 Introduction 245 11.2 Grease Reservoir Formation 245 11.3 Temperature Behaviour 246 11.4 Temperature and Film Breakdown 249 11.5 Chaotic Behaviour 249 11.6 Quantitative Analysis of Grease Tests 253 11.7 Discussion 254 12 Reliability 257 12.1 Failure Distribution 258 12.2 Mean Life and Time Between Failures 261 12.3 Percentile Life 264 12.4 Point and Interval Estimates 265 12.5 Sudden Death Testing 275 12.6 System Life Prediction 281 13 Grease Lubrication and Bearing Life 283 13.1 Bearing Failure Modes 283 13.2 Rated Fatigue Life of Grease Lubricated Rolling Bearings 285 13.3 Background of the Fatigue Life Ratings of Grease Lubricated Bearings 289 13.4 Lubricant Chemistry and Bearing Life 296 13.5 Water in Grease 304 13.6 Surface Finish Aspects Related to Grease Lubrication 306 14 Grease Lubrication Mechanisms in Bearing Seals 309 14.1 Introduction 309 14.2 Lubrication Mechanisms for Radial Lip Seals 309 14.3 Sealing Action of Grease 312 14.4 Softening and Leakage 319 14.5 Compatibility 320 14.6 A Film Thickness Model for Bearing Seals 320 14.7 Importance of Sealing Grease Inside the Bearing 324 15 Condition Monitoring and Maintenance 327 15.1 Condition Monitoring 327 15.2 Acoustic Emission 328 15.3 Lubcheck 330 15.4 Consistency Measurement 331 15.5 Oil Bleeding Properties 332 15.6 Oil Content 332 15.7 Particle Contamination 332 15.8 Spectroscopy 333 15.9 Linear Voltammetry 334 15.10 Total Acid Number 335 15.11 DCS – Differential Scanning Calorimetry 335 15.12 Oxidation Bomb 336 15.13 Water 336 16 Grease Qualification Testing 339 16.1 Introduction 339 16.2 Standard Test Methods 339 16.3 Some Qualification Criteria for Grease Selection 374 16.4 Pumpability 375 17 Lubrication Systems 377 17.1 Single Point Lubrication Methods 379 17.2 Centralized Grease Lubrication Systems 380 17.3 Pumps 382 17.4 Valves 384 17.5 Distributors 386 17.6 Single-Line Centralized Lubrication Systems 386 17.7 Dual-Line Lubrication Systems 393 17.8 Progressive Lubrication Systems 394 17.9 Multi-Line Lubrication System 397 17.10 Cyclic Grease Flow 397 17.11 Requirements of the Grease 398 17.12 Grease Pumpability Tests 402 A Characteristics of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons 413 References 415 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiscover practical skills that you won’t find anywhere else with these two hundred handy tips to make yourself a better yachtsman.Trade Review"...offers ample scope for improving your seamanship, navigation, boat-handling, safety at sea, ropework, weather forecasting...and quality of life on board' (Yachting Monthly, October 2010). "...you'll be surprised how much you learn from these bitesize nuggets." (Yachting World, November 2010).Table of ContentsPreface: Seamanship; Navigation; Safety; Boat handling; Ropes and knots; Life on board; Weather

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe SUPERMEN "After a rare speech at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, in 1976, programmers in the audience had suddenly fallen silent when Cray offered to answer questions. He stood there for several minutes, waiting for their queries, but none came.Table of ContentsThe Codebreakers. The Incubator. Seymour. Engineers' Paradise. The Hog Trough. The CRAY-1. The Cray Way. The New Genius. Shakeout. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first edition of this book is considered the bible of this topic... Suffice it to say that there is no other published treatise that approaches the depth of treatment offered by this book. The coverage is the state of the published art, while the added contents cover the new known developments in the field. Haisam Osman; Technology Development Manager, United Launch Alliance This long-awaited second edition of a respected text from world leaders in the field of acoustic materials covers the state of the art with a depth of treatment unrivalled elsewhere. Allard and Atalla employ a logical and progressive approach that leads to a thorough understanding of porous material modelling. The first edition of Propagation of Sound in Porous Media introduced the basic theory of acoustics and the related techniques. Research and development in sound absorption has however progressed significantly since the first edition, and the models and methods described, at the tiTrade Review"All in all this is an impressive book which will serve as an excellent reference for those working in the acoustics of porous media, and as a perfect introduction to the subject for novices." (Journal of Sound & Vibration, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface to the second edition. 1 Plane waves in isotropic fluids and solids. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Notation – vector operators. 1.3 Strain in a deformable medium. 1.4 Stress in a deformable medium. 1.5 Stress–strain relations for an isotropic elastic medium. 1.6 Equations of motion. 1.7 Wave equation in a fluid. 1.8 Wave equations in an elastic solid. References. 2 Acoustic impedance at normal incidence of fluids. Substitution of a fluid layer for a porous layer. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Plane waves in unbounded fluids. 2.3 Main properties of impedance at normal incidence. 2.4 Reflection coefficient and absorption coefficient at normal incidence. 2.5 Fluids equivalent to porous materials: the laws of Delany and Bazley. 2.6 Examples. 2.7 The complex exponential representation. References. 3 Acoustic impedance at oblique incidence in fluids. Substitution of a fluid layer for a porous layer. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Inhomogeneous plane waves in isotropic fluids. 3.3 Reflection and refraction at oblique incidence. 3.4 Impedance at oblique incidence in isotropic fluids. 3.5 Reflection coefficient and absorption coefficient at oblique incidence. 3.6 Examples. 3.7 Plane waves in fluids equivalent to transversely isotropic porous media. 3.8 Impedance at oblique incidence at the surface of a fluid equivalent to an anisotropic porous material. 3.9 Example. References. 4 Sound propagation in cylindrical tubes and porous materials having cylindrical pores. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Viscosity effects. 4.3 Thermal effects. 4.4 Effective density and bulk modulus for cylindrical tubes having triangular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections. 4.5 High- and low-frequency approximation. 4.6 Evaluation of the effective density and the bulk modulus of the air in layers of porous materials with identical pores perpendicular to the surface. 4.7 The biot model for rigid framed materials. 4.8 Impedance of a layer with identical pores perpendicular to the surface. 4.9 Tortuosity and flow resistivity in a simple anisotropic material. 4.10 Impedance at normal incidence and sound propagation in oblique pores. Appendix 4.A Important expressions. Description on the microscopic scale. Effective density and bulk modulus. References. 5 Sound propagation in porous materials having a rigid frame. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Viscous and thermal dynamic and static permeability. 5.3 Classical tortuosity, characteristic dimensions, quasi-static tortuosity. 5.4 Models for the effective density and the bulk modulus of the saturating fluid. 5.5 Simpler models. 5.6 Prediction of the effective density and the bulk modulus of open cell foams and fibrous materials with the different models. 5.7 Fluid layer equivalent to a porous layer. 5.8 Summary of the semi-phenomenological models. 5.9 Homogenization. 5.10 Double porosity media. Appendix 5.A: Simplified calculation of the tortuosity for a porous material having pores made up of an alternating sequence of cylinders. Appendix 5.B: Calculation of the characteristic length Λ'. Appendix 5.C: Calculation of the characteristic length Λ for a cylinder perpendicular to the direction of propagation. References. 6 Biot theory of sound propagation in porous materials having an elastic frame. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Stress and strain in porous materials. 6.3 Inertial forces in the biot theory. 6.4 Wave equations. 6.5 The two compressional waves and the shear wave. 6.6 Prediction of surface impedance at normal incidence for a layer of porous material backed by an impervious rigid wall. Appendix 6.A: Other representations of the Biot theory. References. 7 Point source above rigid framed porous layers. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Sommerfeld representation of the monopole field over a plane reflecting surface. 7.3 The complex sinθ plane. 7.4 The method of steepest descent (passage path method). 7.5 Poles of the reflection coefficient. 7.6 The pole subtraction method. 7.7 Pole localization. 7.8 The modified version of the Chien and Soroka model. Appendix 7.A Evaluation of N. Appendix 7.B Evaluation of pr by the pole subtraction method. Appendix 7.C From the pole subtraction to the passage path: Locally reacting surface. References. 8 Porous frame excitation by point sources in air and by stress circular and line sources – modes of air saturated porous frames. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Prediction of the frame displacement. 8.3 Semi-infinite layer – Rayleigh wave. 8.4 Layer of finite thickness – modified Rayleigh wave. 8.5 Layer of finite thickness – modes and resonances. Appendix 8.A Coefficients rij and Mi,j. Appendix 8.B Double Fourier transform and Hankel transform. Appendix 8.B Appendix .C Rayleigh pole contribution. References. 9 Porous materials with perforated facings. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Inertial effect and flow resistance. 9.3 Impedance at normal incidence of a layered porous material covered by a perforated facing – Helmoltz resonator. 9.4 Impedance at oblique incidence of a layered porous material covered by a facing having cirular perforations. References. 10 Transversally isotropic poroelastic media. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Frame in vacuum. 10.3 Transversally isotropic poroelastic layer. 10.4 Waves with a given slowness component in the symmetry plane. 10.5 Sound source in air above a layer of finite thickness. 10.6 Mechanical excitation at the surface of the porous layer. 10.7 Symmetry axis different from the normal to the surface. 10.8 Rayleigh poles and Rayleigh waves. 10.9 Transfer matrix representation of transversally isotropic poroelastic media. Appendix 10.A: Coefficients Ti in Equation (10.46). Appendix 10.B: Coefficients Ai in Equation (10.97). References. 11 Modelling multilayered systems with porous materials using the transfer matrix method. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Transfer matrix method. 11.3 Matrix representation of classical media. 11.4 Coupling transfer matrices. 11.5 Assembling the global transfer matrix. 11.6 Calculation of the acoustic indicators. 11.7 Applications. Appendix 11.A The elements Tij of the Transfer Matrix T ]. References. 12 Extensions to the transfer matrix method. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Finite size correction for the transmission problem. 12.3 Finite size correction for the absorption problem. 12.4 Point load excitation. 12.5 Point source excitation. 12.6 Other applications. Appendix 12.A: An algorithm to evaluate the geometrical radiation impedance. References. 13 Finite element modelling of poroelastic materials. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Displacement based formulations. 13.3 The mixed displacement–pressure formulation. 13.4 Coupling conditions. 13.5 Other formulations in terms of mixed variables. 13.6 Numerical implementation. 13.7 Dissipated power within a porous medium. 13.8 Radiation conditions. 13.9 Examples. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBased on the author's industry experience and collaborative works with other industries, Control of Electric Machine Drive System is packed with implemented, tested, and verified ideas that relate to everyday problems in the field.Trade Review"The book's practicality and realworld relatability make it an invaluable resource for professionals and engineers involved in the research and development of electric machine drive business, industrial drive designers, and senior undergraduate and graduate students." (Trading-house.net, 7 March 2011)Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Electric Machine Drive System 4 1.1.2 Trend of Development of Electric Machine Drive System 5 1.1.3 Trend of Development of Power Semiconductor 7 1.1.4 Trend of Development of Control Electronics 8 1.2 Basics of Mechanics 8 1.2.1 Basic Laws 9 1.2.2 Force and Torque 9 1.2.3 Moment of Inertia of a Rotating Body 11 1.2.4 Equations of Motion for a Rigid Body 13 1.2.5 Power and Energy 17 1.2.6 Continuity of Physical Variables 18 1.3 Torque Speed Curve of Typical Mechanical Loads 18 1.3.1 Fan, Pump, and Blower 18 1.3.2 Hoisting Load; Crane, Elevator 20 1.3.3 Traction Load (Electric Vehicle, Electric Train) 21 1.3.4 Tension Control Load 23 Problems 24 References 35 2 Basic Structure and Modeling of Electric Machines and Power Converters 36 2.1 Structure and Modeling of DC Machine 36 2.2 Analysis of Steady-State Operation 41 2.2.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 42 2.2.2 Series Excited DC Machine 45 2.3 Analysis of Transient State of DC Machine 46 2.3.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 47 2.4 Power Electronic Circuit to Drive DC Machine 50 2.4.1 Static Ward–Leonard System 51 2.4.2 Four-Quadrants Chopper System 52 2.5 Rotating Magnetic Motive Force 53 2.6 Steady-State Analysis of a Synchronous Machine 58 2.7 Linear Electric Machine 62 2.8 Capability Curve of Synchronous Machine 63 2.8.1 Round Rotor Synchronous Machine with Field Winding 63 2.8.2 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 64 2.9 Parameter Variation of Synchronous Machine 66 2.9.1 Stator and Field Winding Resistance 66 2.9.2 Synchronous Inductance 66 2.9.3 Back EMF Constant 67 2.10 Steady-State Analysis of Induction Machine 70 2.10.1 Steady-State Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine 72 2.10.2 Constant Air Gap Flux Operation 77 2.11 Generator Operation of an Induction Machine 79 2.12 Variation of Parameters of an Induction Machine 81 2.12.1 Variation of Rotor Resistance, Rr 81 2.12.2 Variation of Rotor Leakage Inductance, Llr 82 2.12.3 Variation of Stator Resistance, Rs 82 2.12.4 Variation of Stator Leakage Inductance, Lls 83 2.12.5 Variation of Excitation Inductance, Lm 84 2.12.6 Variation of Resistance Representing Iron Loss, Rm 84 2.13 Classification of Induction Machines According to Speed–Torque Characteristics 84 2.14 Quasi-Transient State Analysis 87 2.15 Capability Curve of an Induction Machine 88 2.16 Comparison of AC Machine and DC Machine 90 2.16.1 Comparison of a Squirrel Cage Induction Machine and a Separately Excited DC Machine 90 2.16.2 Comparison of a Permanent Magnet AC Machine and a Separately Excited DC Machine 92 2.17 Variable-Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Steady-State Characteristics 92 2.17.1 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine by Controlling Terminal Voltage 93 2.17.2 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Constant Air-Gap Flux (͌≈V=F) Control 94 2.17.3 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Actual Speed Feedback 95 2.17.4 Enhancement of Constant Air-Gap Flux Control with Feedback of Magnitude of Stator Current 96 2.18 Modeling of Power Converters 96 2.18.1 Three-Phase Diode/Thyristor Rectifier 97 2.18.2 PWM Boost Rectifier 98 2.18.3 Two-Quadrants Bidirectional DC/DC Converter 101 2.18.4 Four-Quadrants DC/DC Converter 102 2.18.5 Three-Phase PWM Inverter 103 2.18.6 Matrix Converter 105 2.19 Parameter Conversion Using Per Unit Method 106 Problems 108 References 114 3 Reference Frame Transformation and Transient State Analysis of Three-Phase AC Machines 116 3.1 Complex Vector 117 3.2 d–q–n Modeling of an Induction Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 119 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine at d–q–n AXIS 120 3.2.2 Torque of the Induction Machine 125 3.3 d–q–n Modeling of a Synchronous Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 128 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Machine at d–q–n AXIS 128 3.3.2 Torque of a Synchronous Machine 138 3.3.3 Equivalent Circuit and Torque of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 140 3.3.4 Synchronous Reluctance Machine (SynRM) 144 Problems 146 References 153 4 Design of Regulators for Electric Machines and Power Converters 154 4.1 Active Damping 157 4.2 Current Regulator 158 4.2.1 Measurement of Current 158 4.2.2 Current Regulator for Three-Phase-Controlled Rectifier 161 4.2.3 Current Regulator for a DC Machine Driven by a PWM Chopper 166 4.2.4 Anti-Wind-Up 170 4.2.5 AC Current Regulator 173 4.3 Speed Regulator 179 4.3.1 Measurement of Speed/Position of Rotor of an Electric Machine 179 4.3.2 Estimation of Speed with Incremental Encoder 182 4.3.3 Estimation of Speed by a State Observer 189 4.3.4 PI/IP Speed Regulator 198 4.3.5 Enhancement of Speed Control Performance with Acceleration Information 204 4.3.6 Speed Regulator with Anti-Wind-Up Controller 206 4.4 Position Regulator 208 4.4.1 Proportional–Proportional and Integral (P–PI) Regulator 208 4.4.2 Feed-Forwarding of Speed Reference and Acceleration Reference 209 4.5 Detection of Phase Angle of AC Voltage 210 4.5.1 Detection of Phase Angle on Synchronous Reference Frame 210 4.5.2 Detection of Phase Angle Using Positive Sequence Voltage on Synchronous Reference Frame 213 4.6 Voltage Regulator 215 4.6.1 Voltage Regulator for DC Link of PWM Boost Rectifier 215 Problems 218 References 228 5 Vector Control 230 5.1 Instantaneous Torque Control 231 5.1.1 Separately Excited DC Machine 231 5.1.2 Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM) 233 5.1.3 Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) 235 5.2 Vector Control of Induction Machine 236 5.2.1 Direct Vector Control 237 5.2.2 Indirect Vector Control 243 5.3 Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator 245 5.3.1 Voltage Model Based on Stator Voltage Equation of an Induction Machine 245 5.3.2 Current Model Based on Rotor Voltage Equation of an Induction Machine 246 5.3.3 Hybrid Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator 247 5.3.4 Enhanced Hybrid Estimator 248 5.4 Flux Weakening Control 249 5.4.1 Constraints of Voltage and Current to AC Machine 249 5.4.2 Operating Region of Permanent Magnet AC Machine in Current Plane at Rotor Reference Frame 250 5.4.3 Flux Weakening Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 257 5.4.4 Flux Weakening Control of Induction Machine 262 5.4.5 Flux Regulator of Induction Machine 267 Problems 269 References 281 6 Position/Speed Sensorless Control of AC Machines 283 6.1 Sensorless Control of Induction Machine 286 6.1.1 Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) 286 6.1.2 Adaptive Speed Observer (ASO) 291 6.2 Sensorless Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SMPMSM) 297 6.3 Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) 299 6.4 Sensorless Control Employing High-Frequency Signal Injection 302 6.4.1. Inherently Salient Rotor Machine 304 6.4.2 AC Machine with Nonsalient Rotor 305 Problems 317 References 320 7 Practical Issues 324 7.1 Output Voltage Distortion Due to Dead Time and Its Compensation 324 7.1.1 Compensation of Dead Time Effect 325 7.1.2 Zero Current Clamping (ZCC) 327 7.1.3 Voltage Distortion Due to Stray Capacitance of Semiconductor Switches 327 7.1.4 Prediction of Switching Instant 330 7.2 Measurement of Phase Current 334 7.2.1 Modeling of Time Delay of Current Measurement System 334 7.2.2 Offset and Scale Errors in Current Measurement 337 7.3 Problems Due to Digital Signal Processing of Current Regulation Loop 342 7.3.1 Modeling and Compensation of Current Regulation Error Due to Digital Delay 342 7.3.2 Error in Current Sampling 346 Problems 350 References 353 Appendix A Measurement and Estimation of Parameters of Electric Machinery 354 A.1 Parameter Estimation 354 A.1.1 DC Machine 355 A.1.2 Estimation of Parameters of Induction Machine 357 A.2 Parameter Estimation of Electric Machines Using Regulators of Drive System 361 A.2.1 Feedback Control System 361 A.2.2 Back EMF Constant of DC Machine, K 363 A.2.3 Stator Winding Resistance of Three-Phase AC Machine, Rs 363 A.2.4 Induction Machine Parameters 365 A.2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 370 A.3 Estimation of Mechanical Parameters 374 A.3.1 Estimation Based on Mechanical Equation 374 A.3.2 Estimation Using Integral Process 376 References 380 Appendix B d–q Modeling Using Matrix Equations 381 B.1 Reference Frame and Transformation Matrix 381 B.2 d–q Modeling of Induction Machine Using Transformation Matrix 386 B.3 d–q Modeling of Synchronous Machine Using Transformation Matrix 390 Index 391 IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering 401

Read more less

Book SynopsisA modern and broad exposition emphasizing heat transfer by convection. This edition contains valuable new information primarily pertaining to flow and heat transfer in porous media and computational fluid dynamics as well as recent advances in turbulence modeling. Problems of a mixed theoretical and practical nature provide an opportunity to test mastery of the material.Table of ContentsEquations of Continuity, Motion, Energy, and Mass Diffusion. One-Dimensional Solutions. Laminar Heat Transfer in Ducts. Laminar Boundary Layers. Integral Methods. Turbulence Fundamentals. Turbulent Boundary Layers. Turbulent Flow in Ducts. Natural Convection. Boiling. Condensation. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow the twenty-one-layer Apollo spacesuit, made by Playtex, was a triumph of intimacy over engineering. When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped onto the lunar surface in July of 1969, they wore spacesuits made by Playtex: twenty-one layers of fabric, each with a distinct yet interrelated function, custom-sewn for them by seamstresses whose usual work was fashioning bras and girdles. This book is the story of that spacesuit. It is a story of the triumph over the military-industrial complex by the International Latex Corporation, best known by its consumer brand of Playtex—a victory of elegant softness over engineered hardness, of adaptation over cybernetics. Playtex's spacesuit went up against hard armor-like spacesuits designed by military contractors and favored by NASA's engineers. It was only when those attempts failed—when traditional engineering firms could not integrate the body into mission requirements—that Playtex, with its intimate exper

Read more less

Book SynopsisVolume Two covers the interior design and fitting out of the ship and presents detailed deck-by-deck information, from the palatial rooms of First Class to areas of the ship seen only by the crew.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA fascinating and informative read for all those interested in the history of ICE and how it has grown as well as the civil engineering industry and its impact on the world in which we liveTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. An Institution is born 3. A learning society 4. Education, training and membership 5. Regional development 6. Professional conduct 7. Governance, influence and communication 8. Fragmentation, unification and self-regulation 9. Civil engineers at war 10. The library 11. The buildings 12. Contracts and management 13. The Presidents 14. Secretaries and staff

Read more less

Book SynopsisNew paperback edition - A family-authorised biography of Pat Hughes, one of the top-scoring aces of the Battle of Britain.

Read more less

Book SynopsisClean water, paved roads, public transit, electricity and gas, sewers, waste processing, telecommunication, even the Internet all this infrastructure is what makes cities work and powers our lives, often seamlessly and silently. Virtually everything we do and consume depends on infrastructure. Yet, most people have little to no idea how these systems work. How is water treated? Why do traffic jams exist? How is electricity generated and distributed? What happens to trash after it is picked up? How does the Internet work?In The Infrastructure Book, world-renown urban engineering expert Sybil Derrible reveals the behind-the-scenes machinations of the foundational systems that make our societies function. Visiting sixteen cities around the world and their unique approaches to organizational challenges from city planning in Los Angeles to waste management in Tokyo, Chicago's power grid to Shanghai's unique take on traffic, public transportation in the busiest cities and water treatment in the driest deserts this highly readable book uses fascinating case studies and historical detours to show how infrastructure works and, sometimes, doesn't. With large-scale infrastructure repairs looming, and the need for our current infrastructure to be completely transformed if we hope to be sustainable and resilient into the future. After reading The Infrastructure Book, readers will never look at a city the same way.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA gripping account of the perpetual war between human and machine examines the many disasters that have occured in the world of high technology.Trade Review"ultimatly hopeful, recounting numerous acts of foresight or bravery in the face of bureaucratic opposition" -- Publisher's Weekly "Full of scary news, but unsensational and thoroughly documented. Just don't read it in flight." -- Kirkus Reviews

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor generations, the ground beneath the feet of our ancestors seemed solid and unchanging. Around 30 years ago, two things happened that were to revolutionize the understanding of our home planet. First, geologists realized that the continents themselves were drifting across the surface of the globe and that oceans were being created and destroyed. Secondly, pictures of the entire planet were returned from space. As the astronomer Fred Hoyle had predicted, this ''let loose an idea as powerful as any in history''. Suddenly, the Earth began to be viewed as a single entity; a dynamic, interacting whole, controlled by complex processes we scarcely understood. It began to seem less solid. As one astronaut put it, ''a blue jewel on black velvet; small, fragile and touchingly alone''. Geologists at last were able to see the whole as well as the detail; the wood as well as the trees. This book brings their account up to date with the latest understanding of the processes that govern our planet. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of Contents1. Dynamic Planet ; 2. Deep Time ; 3. Deep Earth ; 4. Under the Sea ; 5. Drifting Continents ; 6. Volcanoes ; 7. When the Ground Shakes ; Epilogue

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThere is no part of our bodies that fully rotates be it a wrist or ankle or arm in a shoulder socket, we are made to twist only so far. And yet, there is no more fundamental human invention than the wheel a rotational mechanism that accomplishes what our physical form cannot. Throughout history, humans have developed technologies powered by human strength, complementing the physical abilities we have while overcoming our weaknesses. Providing a unique history of the wheel and other rotational devices, like cranks, cranes, carts, and capstans, Why the Wheel Is Round examines the contraptions and tricks we have devised in order to more efficiently move and move through the physical world. Steven Vogel combines his engineering expertise with his remarkable curiosity about how things work to explore how wheels and other mechanisms were, until very recently, powered by the push and pull of the muscles and skeletal systems of humans and other animals. Why the Wheel Is Round explores all mann

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn understanding of the quantum mechanical nature of magnetism has led to the development of new magnetic materials which are used as permanent magnets, sensors, and information storage. Behind these practical applications lie a range of fundamental ideas, including symmetry breaking, order parameters, excitations, frustration, and reduced dimensionality.This superb new textbook presents a logical account of these ideas, staring from basic concepts in electromagnetsim and quantum mechanics. It outlines the origin of magnetic moments in atoms and how these moments can be affected by their local environment inside a crystal. The different types of interactions which can be present between magnetic moments are described. The final chapters of the book are devoted to the magnetic properties of metals, and to the complex behaviour which can occur when competing magnetic interactions are present and/or the system has a reduced dimensionality. Throughout the text, the theorectical principles are applied to real systems. There is substantial discussion of experimental techniques and current reserach topics. The book is copiously illustrated and contains detailed appendices which cover the fundamental principles.Trade ReviewI can warmly recommend this book to anyone considering giving a course on magnetism and for those students of condensed matter physics, who have no access to such a course ... it is also very useful and enjoyable reading for those who have been working in magnetism for some time and have felt the lack of a systematic review of the subject. * Contemporary Physics *... the reader or student obtains a very thorough and systematic background in which to place the large variety of subject matter. * Contemporary Physics *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Isolated magnetic moments ; 3. Environments ; 4. Interactions ; 5. Order and magnetic structures ; 6. Order and broken symmetry ; 7. Magnetism in metals ; 8. Competing interactions and low dimensionality ; Appendix A: Units in electromagnetism ; Appendix B: Electromagnetism ; Appendix C: Quantum and atomic physics ; Appendix D: Energy in magnetism and demagnetism ; Appendix E: Statistical mechanics ; Appendix F: List of symbols ; Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat is a weed, opined Emerson, but a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered? While that may be a worthy notion in theory, these plants of undiscovered virtue cause endless hours of toil for backyard gardeners. Encyclopedic in scope, this book intends to cover North American weeds at every stage of growth.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor centuries, France has been the world's greatest wine-producing country. This book takes readers on a tour of the French winemaking regions to illustrate how the soil, underlying bedrock, relief, and microclimate shape the personality of a wine. It is suitable for both the uninitiated wine drinker and the informed gourmand.Trade Review"Who knew that the crispness of Sancerre stems from the unique succession of sedimentary strata buried in the limestone soil of the upper Loire Valley, or that a splendid Cote-de-Brouilly is a by-product of volcanism? The author is a geologist by training but an oenophile by avocation, and the combination of those interests makes Land and Wine an indispensable manual for wine connoisseurs interested in why the grapes of France taste as they do. Terroir, for Frankel, has a meaning that goes deep beneath the surface." (John Varriano, author of Wine: A Cultural History)"

Read more less

Book SynopsisA fascinating exploration of beer, ancient and contemporary, and its role in shaping human societyBeer is and has always been more than an intoxicating beverage. Ancient beer produced in the Near East, Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas was a food that had a remarkable role in shaping the development of agriculture and some of the earliest state-level societies. Its invention 13,000 years ago was one of the fundamental motivations for the domestication of grains around the world. In early states, the control over the technological knowledge and resources to produce beer contributed to social hierarchies. Beer even likely provided the capital to motivate laborers to construct the ancient pyramids and other large-scale public works. The fermentation of beer also provided a healthy and safe alternative to the contaminated drinking water in early states and it continues to do so among rural Indigenous populations today. Beer is a social lubricant that brings people together and, in man

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.BUILD, CONVERT, OR BUY A STATE-OF-THE-ART ELECTRIC VEHICLEThoroughly revised and expanded, Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, Third Edition, is your go-to guide for converting an internal combustion engine vehicle to electric or building an EV from the ground up. You'll also find out about the wide variety of EVs available for purchase and how they're being built. This new editiondetails all the latest breakthroughs, including AC propulsion and regenerative braking systems, intelligent controllers, batteries, and charging technologies.Filled with updated photos, this cutting-edge resource fully Table of ContentsChapter 1. Why Electric VehiclesWhat are Electric VehiclesNew Electricity Rates/Oil costsConversion costsChapter 2. Electric Vehicle BenefitsReports from the US Dept. of EnergyChapter 3. Electric Vehicle (recent) History Toyota's hybrid drive technologyGM and CARBFord and TH!NK CityTesla RoadsterChapter 4. Drive Systems, Chassis, and DesignsLithium Nono-phosphatesIntelligent Drive SystemsChapter 5. Sources, Parts, Conversion Companies and ExpertsUpdates on everything from previous edition, plus links to an online companion site that will be updated every 3 months or so for new informationChapter 6. Calculating Torque CurvesSoftware from Grassroots electric vehicles, Electric Vehicles of America, and NetGain technologiesChapter 7. Electric MotorsAC and DCMetric Mind CorporationAnaheim AutomationHi Performance Electric Vehicle SystemsAC PropulsionTesla MototrsWARP MotorsChapter 8. ControllersChapter 9. BatteriesLithiumLithium-polyphosphateNickelChapter 10. ChargersNewer, standardized SAE systemsChapter 11. AC/DC Drive and Controller PackagesLead Acid conversionsLithium Polymer conversionsChapter 12. Visions for Future Electric Cars and Electric Car Conversions

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Add some SPARK to your study of ELECTRICITYHaving trouble understanding the fundamentals of electricity? Problem solved! Electricity Demystified, Second Edition, makes it shockingly easy to learn the basic concepts.Written in a step-by-step format, this practical guide begins by covering direct current (DC), voltage, resistance, circuits, cells, and batteries. The book goes on to discuss alternating current (AC), power supplies, wire, and cable. Magnetism and electromagnetic effects are also addressed. Detailed examples and concise explanations make it easy to understand the material. End-of-chapter quizzes and a final exam help reinforce key concepts.It's a no-brainer! You'll learn about: Table of ContentsPART I: DIRECT CURRENT1. A Circuit Sampler2. Charge, Current, Voltage, and Resistance3. Ohm's Law, Power, and Energy4. Simple DC Circuits5. Cells and BatteriesTest: Part IPART II: ALTERNATING CURRENT6. What is Alternating Current7. Electricity in the Home8. Electrical Power Supplies9. Wire and CableTest: Part IIPART III: MAGNETISM10. What is Magnetism11. Electromagnetic Effects12. Practical MagnetismTest: Part IIIFinal ExamAnswers to Quizzes, Tests, and Final ExamAppendix: Schematic SymbolsSuggested Additional ReadingIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The definitive guide to the theory of constraintsIn this authoritative volume, the world's top Theory of Constraints (TOC) experts reveal how to implement the ground-breaking management and improvement methodology developed by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Theory of Constraints Handbook offers an in-depth examination of this revolutionary concept of bringing about global organization performance improvement by focusing on a few leverage points of the system. Clear explanations supplemented by examples and case studies define how the theory works, why it works, what issues are resolved, and what benefits accrue, and demonstrate how TOC can be applied to different industries and situations.Theory of Constraints Handbook covers:Table of ContentsSection I: What is TOC?; Chapter 1. Introduction to TOC--My Perspective; Section II: Critical Chain Project Management; Chapter 2. The Problems with Project Management; Chapter 3. A Critical Chain Project Management Primer; Chapter 4. Getting Durable Results with Critical Chain--A Field Report; Chapter 5. Making Change Stick; Chapter 6. Project Management in a Lean World--Translating Lean Six Sigma (LSS) into the Project Environment; Section III: Drum-Butter-Rope, Buffer Management and Distribution; Chapter 7. A Review of Literature on Drum-Butter-Rope, Buffer Management and Distribution; Chapter 8. DBR, Buffer Management, and VATI Flow; Chapter 9. From DBR to Simplified-DBR for Make-to-Order; Chapter 10. Managing Make-to-Stock and the Concept of Make-to-Availability; Chapter 11. Supply Chain Management; Chapter 12. Integrated Supply Chain; Section IV: Performance Measures; Chapter 13. Traditional Measures in Finance and Accounting, Problems, Literature Review, and TOC Measures; Chapter 14. Resolving Measurement/Performance Dilemmas; Chapter 15. Continuous Improvement and Auditing; Chapter 16. Holistic TOC Implementation Case Studies; Section V: Strategy, Marketing, and Sales; Chapter 17. Traditional Strategy Models and Theory of Constraints; Chapter 18. Theory of Constraints Strategy; Chapter 19. Strategy; Chapter 20. The Layers of Resistance--The Buy-In Process According to TOC; Chapter 21. Less is More--Applying the Flow Concepts to Sales; Chapter 22. Mafia Offers: Dealing With a Market Constraint; Section VI: Thinking Processes; Chapter 23. The TOC Thinking Processes; Chapter 24. Daily Management with TOC; Chapter 25. Thinking Processes Including S&T Trees; Chapter 26. TOC for Education; Chapter 27. Theory of Constraints in Prisons; Section VII: TOC in Services; Chapter 28. Services Management; Chapter 29. Theory of Constraints in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Chapter 30. Customer Support Services According to TOC; Chapter 31. Viable Vision for Health Care Systems; Chapter 32. TOC for Large-Scale Healthcare Systems; Section VIII: TOC in Complex Environments; Chapter 33. Theory of Constraints in Complex Organizations; Chapter 34. Applications of Strategy and Tactics Trees in Organizations; Chapter 35. Complex Environments; Chapter 36/ Combining Lean, Six Sigma, and the Theory of Constraints to Achieve Breakthrough Performance; Chapter 37. Using TOC in Complex Systems; Chapter 38. Theory of Constraints for Personal Productivity/Dilemmas; Selected Bibliography of Eliyahu M. Goldratt; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Learn the Latest Money-Saving Techniques for Troubleshooting and Repairing Any Briggs & Stratton Engine, New or Old! /p> Turn to the Fourth Edition of How to Repair Briggs & Stratton Engines for expert guidance on completing any Briggs & Stratton maintenance and repair job quickly and easily. This money-saving resource now includes the latest information on overhead valves (OHV), carburetion advances, new muffler designs, and cutting-edge alternators. Filled with proven techniques for fixing both brand-new and older model Briggs & Stratton engines, the Fourth Edition of this hands-on reference covers everything from ignition, fuel, and charging systemsâto starters and engine mechanics. You will Table of ContentsIntroductionSafety ConsiderationsChapter 1- The Product RangeChapter 2 – TroubleshootingChapter 3 – Ignition SystemsChapter 4 – The Fuel SystemChapter 5 – StartersChapter 6 – Charging SystemsChapter 7 – Engine MechanicsChapter 8 - The EuropaChapter 9 – Winds of ChangeIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, and all common energy uses.“There's no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil.”—Bill GatesIn this book, Vaclav Smil argues that power density is a key determinant of the nature and dynamics of energy systems. Any understanding of complex energy systems must rely on quantitative measures of many fundamental variables. Power density—the rate of energy flux per unit of area—is an important but largely overlooked measure. Smil provides the first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of the power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, thermal electricity generation, and all common energy uses.Smil shows that careful quantification, critical appraisals, and revealing comparisons of power densities make possibl

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book makes the case for an urgent move away from industrial agriculture towards regenerative farming and the promotion of plant-based diets.How we produce, distribute and consume food are critical issues for the health and well-being of humans, animals and the environment. In order to develop a sustainable food system, this book argues for a radical change in farming and food consumption. Containing contributions from world renowned experts, this book promotes regenerative farming as the means to preserve planetary health, establish sustainable, healthy and secure diets and safeguard the welfare of animals. Chapters discuss broad ranging issues from climate change and biodiversity conservation to animal sentience and intensive farming, and the role of financial markets and food businesses. The book concludes with chapters discussing the routes in policy and practice to transforming the food system and achieving real-world change.This book is a must read for studen

Read more less