Spectrum analysis Books

Book SynopsisThe presented work summarises and systematises an extensive experimental material of the results of studying polymers using spectroscopy in the low-frequency infrared region. Today, spectroscopic studies in the far infrared region are becoming an important tool for characterising the physical properties of polymers, determined by molecular dynamics and the level of molecular interactions. Low-frequency spectroscopy of intermolecular interactions is the original and most informative source and criterion for establishing the presence of a hydrogen bond in biological substances, multiplets and clusters in ionomers, a criterion for crystallinity, etc. Far IR spectroscopy has proven to be productive in deciphering the molecular nature of solid-state (Î'', Î, and Î) relaxation transitions in polymers. This was the result of (1) evaluating the potential barriers and sizes of molecular motion units from the spectra, (2) finding empirical correlations between the spectral parameters and molecular characteristics of polymers, and (3) comparing the results with activation barriers for relaxation transitions.

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Book SynopsisLipidomics is one of the emerging ‘omics’ techniques with growing importance in bioscience. Discussing interesting standard and non-standard techniques relevant to the measurement and analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry, this book will provide a guide to the possibilities of the techniques. It will introduce the reader to exciting new methods that allow isomer differentiation, improve sensitivity, allow spatial location and go beyond annotation of simply matching a mass to a database entry. The book is written and edited by the some of the world leaders in the field of lipid mass spectrometry and will have international appeal in industry and academia for analytical chemists, biochemists and biotechnologists. Furthermore, it will provide a useful resource for anyone interested in lipid structure characterization particularly for graduates and postgraduates who require a starting point for their projects.Trade ReviewIt does present a crisp overview of the main analytical techniques and emerging fields such as ion-mobility and imaging mass spectrometry of lipids, written by experts in the field. The book mainly focuses on emerging technologies and the presented chapters are of high quality. -- Matin Giera * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry *Table of ContentsLipidomics Basics; Multivariate Statistics in Lipidomics; Low-Flow Rate Separations of Lipids; Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Analysis; Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipids; Derivatisation for Direct Infusion - and Liquid Chromatrography - Mass Spectrometry; Unsaturated Lipid Analysis via Coupling the Paternò–Büchi Reaction with ESI-MS/MS; Conventional and Current Methods for the Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids; Mass Spectrometry of Lipid Vitamins; New Scans and Resources in Lipidomics

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Book SynopsisCD and MCD spectroscopy can provide key information about the conformations and electronic states of chromophore containing molecules. However, the theory has remained too challenging and inaccessible for many organic chemists and biochemists and only a few researchers have carried out detailed quantitative analyses of their spectral data. This is not surprising as people who excel at spectroscopic theory usually lack the skills set required to design and synthesise the molecules that would be most appropriate for describing and explaining the theory of CD and MCD spectroscopy. Most of the books that have been written on the subject have, therefore, been based on very dense sets of mathematical equations. This timely book rectifies that situation by summarizing the relationship between the different types of spectra and by describing in detail the qualitative and quantitative methods which can readily be used to analyse CD and MCD spectral data. During the last decade the authors have successfully synthesized several molecules to illustrate key points related to the theory of CD and MCD spectroscopy, resulting in this definitive book providing key practical knowledge in a readily accessible style. It is aimed primarily at organic chemists and biochemists and provides the required reading for researchers active in the field. In the introduction, the book describes the types of information that can be derived from CD and MCD spectroscopy. After a detailed explanation of the theory of electronic absorption spectroscopy, it then provides practical in depth examples of the various analytical methods that can be carried out with CD and MCD spectral data. This makes the theory of these techniques much more accessible for researchers who do not specialise in physical chemistry.Trade Review"Their explanations of the CD techniques are complete enough to satisfy an expert spectroscopist while at the same time written in a way that can be understood by a non-expert organic chemist that is well versed in introductory physical chemistry." -- Babak Borhan * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10446 *"...this present treatment is useful to a broad audience interested in the technique." -- Babak Borhan * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10446 *"...can act as a good reference book for both students and researchers, especially organic chemists interested in applying circular dichroism spectroscopy methods for the characterization of their synthetic products." -- Babak Borhan * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10446 *Table of ContentsIntroduction: CD and MCD Spectroscopy; Theory of Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy; Theoretical Framework of CD Spectroscopy; Theoretical Framework of MCD Spectroscopy; Examples of CD spectra; Examples of MCD spectra; Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is designed for graduate students to introduce the basic concepts of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), spectral analysis and modern developments such as multidimensional NMR, in reasonable detail and rigor. The book is self-contained, so, a unique textbook in that sense with end of chapter exercises included supported by a solution manual. Some of the advanced topics are included as Appendices for quick reference. Students of chemistry who have some exposure to mathematics and physics will benefit from this book and it will prepare them to pursue research in different branches of Chemistry or Biophysics or Structural Biology.​Table of ContentsChapter-1: BASIC CONCEPTS 1.1 Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Moments 1.2 Nuclear Spins in a Magnetic Field 1.3 Spin Lattice Relaxation 1.4 Spin temperature 1.5 Resonance Absorption of Energy and The NMR Experiment 1.5.1. The basic NMR spectrometer 1.6 Kinetics of Resonance Absorption 1.7 Selection Rules 1.8 Line widths 1.9 Bloch equations 1.10 More about relaxation 1.11 Sensitivity EXERCISES CHAPTER 2: HIGH RESOLUTION NMR SPECTRA OF MOLECULES 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chemical Shift 2.2.1 Anisotropy of chemical shifts 2.2.2 Factors Influencing Isotropic Chemical shifts 2.3 Spin-Spin Coupling 2.4 Analysis of NMR spectra of molecules 2.4.1 First Order Analysis 2.4.2 Quantum Mechanical Analysis 2.5 Dynamic Effects in the NMR spectra 2.5.1 Two site Chemical Exchange 2.5.2. Collapse of spin multiplets 2.5.3 Conformational Averaging of J- values EXERCISES CHAPTER 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM NMR 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Principles of Fourier transform NMR 3.3 Theorems on Fourier transforms 3.4 The FTNMR Spectrometer 3.5. Practical aspects of recording FTNMR spectra 3.5.1. Carrier Frequency and off-set 3.5.2. RF pulse 3.5.3. Free Induction Decay (FID) and the spectrum 3.5.4. Single channel and quadrature detection 3.5.5. Signal digitization and sampling 3.5.6. Folding of signals 3.5.7. Acquisition time and the resolution 3.5.8. Signal averaging and Pulse repetition rate 3.6. Data processing in FT NMR 3.6.1. Zero filling 3.6.2. Digital filtration or window multiplication or apodization 3.7 Phase correction 3.8. Dynamic range in FTNMR 3.9. Spin-echo 3.10. Measurement of relaxation times 3.10.1. Measurement of relaxation time 3.10.2. Measurement of relaxation time 3.11. Water suppression through spin-echo: Watergate 3.12 Spin decoupling 3.13 Broad band decoupling 3.14 Biliniear Rotational Decoupling (BIRD) EXERCISES CHAPTER 4: POLARIZATION TRANSFER 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Experimental Schemes 4.3 Origin of NOE 4.3.1 A simplified treatment 4.3.2 A more rigorous treatment 4.4 Steady state NOE 4.5 Transient NOE 4.6. Selective population inversion 4.7. INEPT 4.7.1. Disadvantages of INEPT 4.8 Refocused INEPT 4.9 DEPT EXERCISES CHAPTER 5: Density matrix description of NMR 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Density matrix 5.3 Elements of Density Matrix 5.4. Time evolution of density operator 5.5. Matrix representations of RF pulses 5.6. Product Operator Formalism 5.6.1. Basis operator sets 5.6.2. Time-evolution of Cartesian Basis Operators 5.6.2.1 Free evolution under the influence of the Hamiltonian 5.6.2.2 Chemical Shift evolution 5.6.2.3 Scalar coupling evolution 5.6.2.4 Rotation by pulses 5.6.2.5 Calculation of the spectrum of J-coupled two spin system EXERCISES Chapter 6: Multidimensional NMR Spectroscopy 6.1 Segmentation of the time axis 6.2 Two dimensional NMR 6.3 Two-dimensional Fourier Transformation in NMR 6.4 Peak shapes in 2D spectrum 6.5 Quadrature detection in two-dimensional NMR 6.6 Types of 2D-NMR spectra 6.6.1 2D- resolution/ separation experiments 6.6.2. Two-dimensional correlation experiments 6.6.2.1 The COSY experiment 6.6.2.1.1 COSY of two-spins 6.6.2.1.2 COSY of three-spins 6.6.2.1.3 Disadvantages of COSY 6.6.2.2 Double-Quantum Filtered COSY (DQF-COSY) 6.6.2.3 Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY) 6.6.2.4 Two-dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect spectroscopy (2D-NOESY) 6.6.2.5 Two-dimensional ROESY 6.6.3 Two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation experiments 6.6.3.1 Heteronuclear COSY 6.6.3.2 Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) 6.6.3.3 Combination of mixing sequences 6.7 Three dimensional NMR 6.7.1 The CT-HNCA experiment 6.7.2 The HNN experiment 6.7.3 The constant-time HN(CO)CA experiment 6.7.4 The HN(C)N experiment EXERCISES APPENDIX A1. Hamiltonian of dipole-dipole interaction A2. Chemical Shift Anisotropy A3. Solid state NMR: basic features A4. Coherence selection by linear Field Gradients A5. Pure shift NMR: ZS and PSYCHE methods A6. HADAMARD NMR for selective excitation

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Book SynopsisThe story of microscopy over the years is one of wonder, revelation, and even love. What better words could there be to describe the amazing things that we have been able to see, learn and accomplish thanks to the progress made in this field? A love story between a pieace of glass and the rainbow with an original soundtrack mad of poetry and music. From Galilei’s initial foray into basic optical microscopy, including the Camillo Golgi and Giuliano Toraldo di Francia lessons, to such later developments as time-resolved microscopy, multi-photon microscopy and three-dimensional microscopy to innovations such as optical nanoscopy, bioimaging and super resolution imaging, the book seeks to take the reader, be they scientist or layperson, on a journey through the evolution of the microscope and its many uses, including in the field of medicine. The author uses visible light as a through-line to unite the various chapters, as well as using fluorescence as a touchpoint from which to map the changes in the science, a significant choice, as it, along with label-free approaches and the addition of artificial intelligence, form the natural environment for development of the modern multi-messenger microscope towards bioimaging at the nanoscale.Table of Contents1. A Curious premise"My grandma was a beautiful woman...". This chapter tells about the motivation to decide to do research in life and why with the optical microscope. 2. Just observe!The optical microscope to observe living systems, from organs to proteins. The challenge from its invention to "tomorrow" to decipher cancer and neurological disorders. 3.The colours of the rainbowWe all live under the rainbow, colours are delivering the energy needed to explore the living by watching. 4. The sharpener of the lightWhen a curved piece of glass meets the light allows to see those fine dietails hidden to the eyes. 5. A three-dimensional worldFlatlandia is a novel, the real world is developed along three spatial dimensions and the optical microscope can produce three-dimensional animated "postcard" by simply changing the lens focus when observing around. 6. Modern times: the space and time of observationsTime is the fourth dimension that increases the budget of information at our disposal to understand what's going on at different time time and space scales. 7. Two photon are better than oneQuantum mechanics allows to start a joyful revolution in optical microscopy with relevant implicantions in medicine and biology. Two photon is a unique entity. 8. Super eyes to see beyond physical limitsLaws of physics limit the perfomances of the light microscope. No doubts. The image reconstrution channel has no limits if you are able to add information and the optical microscope an unlimited super power to visualize details. 9. Without a netNow is time to remove the net. We are skilled enough. So lets control the shape of light to get information without fluorescent labes. 10. The liquid microscope of the futureIllumination produces multiple messages tuning across time and space scales and artificial intelligence can merge them to deciphering nature. Liquid tunable microscopy could provide the opportunity to see things differently and to change our point of view, abandoning the obsession of representing the “real world” we have in mind when forming an image. Lets see further!11. Pop microscopy"Grown-ups never understand anything on their own, and it is tiring for children to always have to give them explanations. "We use nice images to bring you to instruments and applications like in a pop song that people whistle in the shower. 12. AcknowledgmentsIt is a love narration in the love story between a curved piece of glass and the rainbow.

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Book SynopsisFrom a political, societal and scientific point of view, it is imperative to counteract global warming and overcome energy scarcity. From a scientific perspective, nanostructured materials play a crucial role in achieving these goals, e.g. in the development of energy-saving light-emitting diodes, solar cells, rechargeable batteries or gas storage technologies. However, the potential design of the structure-related properties of such nanostructured compounds requires in-depth knowledge and strict control of their crystallization processes, which can be achieved by monitoring the corresponding chemical reactions in situ. This book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students who wish to gain an overview of the applications, synthesis, or in situ characterization of inorganic nanostructured compounds such as lanthanide-based materials, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, bioceramics, battery electrodes, and metal-organic frameworks.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: - Nanoparticles - Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) - Luminescent Materials - Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) - Lanthanides - In-situ Characterization

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Book SynopsisQuite a few excellent books about vibrational spectroscopy have already been published. So why write a new one? The last years have seen the birth of new techniques and, first of all, a wealth of new applications. Therefore, a lot of new users need an introduction to these techniques and applications, but, if they are new to vibrational spectroscopy, an introduction to the parent techniques as well. Vibrational spectroscopies can detect and analyze vibrations in molecules. Mainly two different forms are used today: Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopy is used by chemists to characterize their substances. If the spectra of substances are known, analytical chemists can use them to analyze a mixture of chemicals. Samples may be analyzed even with spatial resolution, on the microscopic as well as on the macroscopic scale. "Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy" is intended for researchers or lecturers in Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Life Sciences, who are interested in the composition and properties of their samples. It describes how vibrational spectroscopy will enable them to examine thin layers, surfaces and interfaces, and also improve their knowledge about the properties of composites. Special chapters introduce VCD, ROA, and TERS. The book can serve as a short introduction to vibrational spectroscopy too, so that students at the first graduate level will benefit from it as well.

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Book SynopsisThis is the physical chemistry textbook for students with an affinity for computers! It offers basic and advanced knowledge for students in the second year of chemistry masters studies and beyond. In seven chapters, the book presents thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, quantum mechanics and molecular structure (including an introduction to quantum chemical calculations), molecular symmetry and crystals. The application of physical-chemical knowledge and problem solving is demonstrated in a chapter on water, treating both the water molecule as well as water in condensed phases.Instead of a traditional textbook top-down approach, this book presents the subjects on the basis of examples, exploring and running computer programs (Mathematica®), discussing the results of molecular orbital calculations (performed using Gaussian) on small molecules and turning to suitable reference works to obtain thermodynamic data. Selected Mathematica® codes are explained at the end of each chapter and cross-referenced with the text, enabling students to plot functions, solve equations, fit data, normalize probability functions, manipulate matrices and test physical models. In addition, the book presents clear and step-by-step explanations and provides detailed and complete answers to all exercises. In this way, it creates an active learning environment that can prepare students for pursuing their own research projects further down the road.Students who are not yet familiar with Mathematica® or Gaussian will find a valuable introduction to computer-based problem solving in the molecular sciences. Other computer applications can alternatively be used. For every chapter learning goals are clearly listed in the beginning, so that readers can easily spot the highlights, and a glossary in the end of the chapter offers a quick look-up of important terms.Table of ContentsThermodynamics.- Chemical Kinetics.- Schrödinger Equation.- Molecular Symmetry.- Molecular Structure.- Crystals.- Water.- Appendix.- Solutions to the Exercises.

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Book SynopsisThis expanded and updated well-established textbook contains an advanced presentationof quantum mechanics adapted to the requirements of modern atomic physics. Itincludes topics of current interest such as semiclassical theory, chaos, atom optics andBose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases. In order to facilitate the consolidationof the material covered, various problems are included, together with completesolutions. The emphasis on theory enables the reader to appreciate the fundamentalassumptions underlying standard theoretical constructs and to embark on independentresearch projects.The fourth edition of Theoretical Atomic Physics contains anupdated treatment of the sections involving scattering theory and near-thresholdphenomena manifest in the behaviour of cold atoms (and molecules). Special attentionis given to the quantization of weakly bound states just below the continuum thresholdand to low-energy scattering and quantum reflection just above. Particular emphasisis laid on the fundamental differences between long-ranged Coulombic potentialsand shorter-ranged potentials falling off faster than 1/r2 at large distances r. The newsections on tunable near-threshold Feshbach resonances and on scattering in two spatialdimensions also address problems relevant for current and future research in the fieldof cold (and ultra-cold) atoms. Graduate students and researchers will find this book avaluable resource and comprehensive reference alike.Trade Review“The book represents a modern and extended course in Quantum mechanics with applications to some areas of recent scientific interest. … the book is very complete, competent and useful for a large circle of researchers in areas of actual theoretical physics, beginning from atomic optics, Bose-condensates and lasting with traditional atomic physics.” (Yuliya S. Mishura, zbMATH 1368.81003, 2017)Table of ContentsReview of Quantum Mechanics.- Atoms and Ions.- Atomic Spectra.- Simple Reactions.- Special Topics.- Appendix.- Solutions to the Problems.- Special Mathematical Functions.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a self-contained derivation of van der Waals and Casimir type dispersion forces, covering the interactions between two atoms but also between microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic objects of various shapes and materials. It also presents detailed and general prescriptions for finding the normal modes and the interactions in layered systems of planar, spherical and cylindrical types, with two-dimensional sheets, such as graphene incorporated in the formalism. A detailed derivation of the van der Waals force and Casimir-Polder force between two polarizable atoms serves as the starting point for the discussion of forces: Dispersion forces, of van der Waals and Casimir type, act on bodies of all size, from atoms up to macroscopic objects. The smaller the object the more these forces dominate and as a result they play a key role in modern nanotechnology through effects such as stiction. They show up in almost all fields of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and even cosmology. Written by a condensed matter physicist in the language of condensed matter physics, the book shows readers how to obtain the electromagnetic normal modes, which for metallic systems, is especially useful in the field of plasmonics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Part I - Background Material.- Electromagnetic.- Complex Analysis.- Statistical Physics.- Electromagnetic Normal Modes.- Different Approaches.- General Method to find the Normal Modes in Layered Structures.- Part II - Non-retarded Formalism: van der Waals.- Van der Waals Force.- Van der Waals Interaction in Planar Structures.- Van der Waals Interaction in Spherical Structures.- Van der Waals Interaction in Cylindrical Structures.- Part III - Fully Retarded Formalism: Casimir.- Casimir Interaction.- Dispersion Interaction in Planar Structures.- Dispersion Interaction in Spherical Structures.- Dispersion Interaction in Cylindrical Structures.- Summary and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisUnter der Vielzahl der spektroskopischen Methoden zur Struktur- und Stoffanalytik sind die UV/VIS-, die IR-, die Kernmagnetische Resonanz-Spektroskopie (NMR) und die Massenspektrometrie (MS) die am häufigsten eingesetzten. Das Buch stellt exakt, aber auch leicht verständlich, die Grundlagen der ausgewählten Methoden dar. Für Studenten der Chemie und Chemisch-Technische Assistenten kann es ein erster Zugang zu weiterführender Spezialliteratur sein. Studierende benachbarter Fachrichtungen erhalten Informationen über die Verwendung der Methoden in der chemischen Analytik und im eigenen Fach.Trade Review"Dieser Band hat eine Schlüsselfunktion für den Zugang zu weiterführender Spezialliteratur. Ein ähnlicher Titel wurde hier in den letzten 10 Jahren nicht besprochen." ekz-Bibl. Bereich "Das Buch stellt exakt, aber auch leicht verständlich, die Grundlagen der ausgewählten Methoden dar." Labor PraxisTable of ContentsGrundlagen spektroskopischer Verfahren zur Struktur- und Stoffanalytik - Elektronenanregungsspektroskopie - Schwingungsspektroskopie - NMR-Spektroskopie - Massenspektroskopie - Kombinierter Einsatz physikalisch-chemischer Methoden der Strukturaufklärung

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Book SynopsisDas vorliegende Buch über "Nukleare Festkörperphysik" soll der zuneh­ menden Bedeutung dieses Gebietes in Forschung und Lehre insbesondere in Deutschland Rechnung tragen. Bei Vorlesungen, die wir seit meh­ reren Jahren an der Universität Konstanz durchführen, mußten wir fest­ stellen, daß es eine einheitliche Darstellung des Gebietes der nuklearen Festkörperphysik bisher nicht gibt. Durch die Vorlage dieses Buches woll­ ten wir diesem Mangel abhelfen. In diesem Buch werden verschiedene kernphysikalische Meßmethoden beschrieben und durch Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Festkörperphysik untermauert. Das Buch ist gedacht als begleitendes Lehrbuch zu einer Vorlesung über nukleare Festkörperphysik oder angewandte Kernphysik, als Lektüre zur Vorbereitung von Seminaren und von Versuchen im Fort­ geschrittenenpraktikum und als Einstiegslektüre in eines der behandel­ ten Forschungsgebiete. Der große Zuspruch, den das Buch sowohl bei den Lehrenden wie auch bei den Studenten gefunden hat, zeigt uns, daß das zugrundeliegende Konzept richtig ist und für die nun vorliegende 2. Auflage keine ein­ schneidenden Veränderungen notwendig sind. Als ein Mangel war aller­ dings empfunden worden, daß der Bereich der Ionenstrahlanalytik in der 1. Auflage ausgespart worden war. Wir haben dieser Kritik jetzt durch Hinzufügung eines Kapitels über dieses Thema Rechnung getragen. Außerdem wurden in einigen Kapiteln die Anwendungsbeispiele aktuali­ siert und natürlich Druckfehler korrigiert.Table of Contents1 Einleitung.- 2 Elektromagnetische Eigenschaften und Zerfall von Atomkernen.- 2.1 Das magnetische Kerndipolmoment.- 2.2 Das elektrische Kernquadrupolmoment.- 2.3 Der ?-Zerfall des Kern.- 2.4 Nachweis von ?-Strahlung.- 3 Hyperfeinwechselwirkung.- 3.1 Magnetische Wechselwirkung.- 3.2 Elektrische Wechselwirkung.- 4 Mößbauer-Effekt.- 4.1 Methode.- 4.2 Der Debye-Waller-Faktor.- 4.3 Mößbauer-Quellen und Meßapparatur.- 4.3.1 Mößbauer-Quellen.- 4.3.2 Mößbauer-Apparatur.- 4.4 Isomerieverschiebung.- 4.4.1 Isomerieverschiebung und chemische Wertigkeit.- 4.4.2 Valenzfluktuationen.- 4.5 Elektrische Quadrupolwechselwirkung.- 4.6 Magnetische Dipolwechselwirkung.- 4.6.1 Magnetisches Hyperfeinfeld im Inneren von Eisen.- 4.6.2 Magnetisches Hyperfeinfeld an der (110)-Oberfläche von Eisen.- 4.7 Quadratischer Doppler-Effekt.- 5 Gestörte ?-?-Winkelkorrelation (PAC).- 5.1 Theorie der ungestörten ?-?-Winkelkorrelation.- 5.1.1 Naive Theorie.- 5.1.2 Allgemeine Theorie.- 5.2 Theorie der gestörten ?-?-Winkelkorrelation.- 5.3 Berechnung des Störfaktors für Spezialfälle.- 5.3.1 Magnetische Dipolwechselwirkung.- 5.3.2 Elektrische Quadrupolwechselwirkung.- 5.4 PAC-Quellen und Meßapparatur.- 5.4.1 PAC-Quellen.- 5.4.2 Meßapparatur.- 5.4.3 Elektronische Geräte für die Zeitmessung.- 5.5 Elektrische Feldgradienten in nicht-kubischen Metallen.- 5.6 Atomare Defekte in Metallen.- 5.7 Adsorbatplätze auf Oberflächen.- 5.8 Innere Magnetfelder in ferromagnetischen Substanzen.- 5.9 Integrale gestörte Winkelkorrelation (IPAC) und transiente Magnetfelder in Ferromagneten.- 6 Magnetische Kernresonanz (NMR).- 6.1 Methode 121 6.2 Klassische Behandlung der NMR (Bloch-Gleichungen).- 6.3 Experimentelle Anordnungen.- 6.3.1 Stationäre Methode.- 6.3.2 Lock-in-Verstärker.- 6.3.3 Gepulste Kernresonanz.- 6.3.4 Spin-Echo-Methode.- 6.4 Chemische Verschiebung.- 6.5 Knight-Shift in Metallen.- 6.6 Spin-Gitter-Relaxation.- 6.6.1 Spin-Gitter-Relaxation durch Bewegung.- 6,6.2 Spin-Gitter-Relaxation in Metallen: Korringa-Relation.- 6.7 NMR mit radioaktiven Kernen und Selbstdiffusion in Metallen.- 7 Kernorientierung (NO).- 7.1 Methode.- 7.2 Experimentelle Anordnung.- 7.2.1 3He/4He-Mischkryostat.- 7.2.2 Radioaktive Quellen für die Kernorientierung.- 7.2.3 Magnetische Kernresonanz an orientierten Kernen (NMR/NO).- 7.3 Hyperfeinfelder.- 7.4 Spin-Gitter-Relaxation bei tiefen Temperaturen.- 8 Myon-Spin-Rotation (?SR).- 8.1 Methode.- 8.2 Experimentelle Anordnung.- 8.2.1 Myonenstrahl.- 8.2.2 Meßapparatur.- 8.3 Innere B-Felder in magnetischen Substanzen.- 8.4 Diffusion des positiven Myons.- 8.4.1 Linienverengung durch Bewegung.- 8.4.2 Einfang an Gitterdefekten.- 8.4.3 Diffusionsmodelle.- 8.5 Myonium in Halbleitern.- 8.5.1 Normales Myonium.- 8.5.2 Zeeman-Bereich (schwaches Magnetfeld).- 8.5.3 Paschen-Back-Bereich (starkes Magnetfeld).- 8.5.4 Allgemeine Lösung.- 8.5.5 Präzession des µ+-Spins im Myonium.- 9 Positronenvernichtung.- 9.1 Methode.- 9.2 Positronenquellen und Meßanordnungen.- 9.2.1 Positronenquellen.- 9.2.2 Meßanordnungen.- 9.3 Annihilationswinkelkorrelation und Fermi-Impuls von Leitungselektronen in Metallen.- 9.4 Lebensdauer des Positrons und Gitterdefekte in Metallen.- 10 Neutronenstreuung.- 10.1 Eigenschaften des Neutrons und Produktion von Neutronenstrahlen.- 10.2 Nachweis von Neutronen.- 10.3 Theorie der Neutronenstreuung.- 10.3.1 Streuung an einem Atomkern.- 10.3.2 Neutronenstreuung an kondensierter Materie.- 10.4 Elastische Neutronenstreuung.- 10.5 Quasielastische Neutronenstreuung.- 10.6 Inelastische Neutronenstreuung.- 11 Ionenstrahlanalytik.- 11.1 Rutherford-Rückstreuung (RBS).- 11.1.1 Kinematischer Faktor.- 11.1.2 Wirkungsquerschnitt für Rutherford-Streuung.- 11.1.3 Energieverlust in Materie.- 11.1.4 Beschleunigung und Nachweis von geladenen Teilchen.- 11.1.5 Experimente an dünnen Filmen.- 11.1.6 Nachweis der elastisch gestreuten Rückstoßatome (ERDA).- 11.2 Gitterführung.- 11.2.1 Gitterplatzbestimmung von Fremdatomen in Kristallen.- 11.2.2 Epitaktisches Wachstum.- 11.3 Analyse mittels Kernreaktionen (NRA).- 11.3.1 Messung von Wasserstoff-Tiefenprofilen mit der 15N-Metode.- 11.3.2 Interdiffusion von Poymeren detektiert mit der 2H(3He,4He)1H Kernreaktion.- 11.3.3 Zusammenstellung einiger Kernreaktionen für die NRA-Methode.- A.2 Sphärische Tensoren.- A.3 Wigner-Eckart-Theorem.- A.4 Weiterführende Literatur zu den einzelnen Kapiteln.- A.5 Literaturverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisThis second edition of the well-established bestseller is completely updated and revised with approximately 30 % additional material, including two new chapters on applications, which has seen the most significant developments. The comprehensive overview written at an introductory level covers fundamental aspects, principles of instrumentation and practical applications, while providing many valuable tips. For photochemists and photophysicists, physical chemists, molecular physicists, biophysicists, biochemists and biologists, lecturers and students of chemistry, physics, and biology.Trade Review"The strength of the book lies in its clear and understandable presentation, and in the thoroughness of the descriptions of fluorescence applications, enabling one to quickly appreciate the many questions and problems in the field of fluorescence. Molecular Fluorescence is more a textbook than a monograph, and therefore it is of special interest for students and beginners in the field, and be recommended." - Angewandte Chemie (international edition), 2002; Vol. 41 No. 16Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION What Is Luminescence? A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Photoluminescence of Organic and Inorganic Species: Fluorescence or Phosphorescence? Various De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Fluorescent Probes, Indicators, Labels, and Tracers Ultimate Temporal and Spatial Resolution: Femtoseconds, Femtoliters, Femtomoles, and Single-Molecule Detection PART I: PRINCIPLES ABSORPTION OF ULTRAVIOLET, VISIBLE, AND NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION Electronic Transitions Transition Probabilities: The Beer - Lambert Law, Oscillator Strength Selection Rules The Franck - Condon Principle Multiphoton Absorption and Harmonic Generation CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Radiative and Nonradiative Transitions between Electronic States Lifetimes and Quantum Yields Emission and Excitation Spectra STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Effects of the Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules on Their Fluorescence Fluorescence of Conjugated Polymers (CPs) Luminescence of Carbon Nanostructures: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Dots Luminescence of Metal Compounds, Metal Complexes, and Metal Clusters Luminescence of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots and Quantum Rods) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Band Broadening - Red-Edge Effects General Considerations on Solvent Effects Solvent Relaxation Subsequent to Photoinduced Charge Transfer (PCT) Theory of Solvatochromic Shifts Effects of Specific Interactions Empirical Scales of Solvent Polarity Viscosity Effects Fluorescence in Gas Phase: Supersonic Jets EFFECTS OF INTERMOLECULAR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Introduction Overview of the Intermolecular De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Leading to Fluorescence Quenching Photoinduced Electron Transfer Formation of Excimers and Exciplexes Photoinduced Proton Transfer FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION: EMISSION ANISOTROPY Polarized Light and Photoselection of Absorbing Molecules Characterization of the Polarization State of Fluorescence (Polarization Ratio and Emission Anisotropy) Instantaneous and Steady-State Anisotropy Additivity Law of Anisotropy Relation between Emission Anisotropy and Angular Distribution of the Emission Transition Moments Case of Motionless Molecules with Random Orientation Effect of Rotational Motion Applications EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER Introduction Distinction between Radiative and Nonradiative Transfer Radiative Energy Transfer Nonradiative Energy Transfer Determination of Distances at a Supramolecular Level Using FRET FRET in Ensembles of Donors and Acceptors FRET between Like Molecules: Excitation Energy Migration in Assemblies of Chromophores Overview of Qualitative and Quantitative Applications of FRET PART II: TECHNIQUES STEADY-STATE SPECTROFL UOROMETRY Operating Principles of a Spectrofl uorometer Correction of Excitation Spectra Correction of Emission Spectra Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yields Possible Artifacts in Spectrofl uorometry Measurement of Steady-State Emission Anisotropy: Polarization Spectra TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES Basic Equations of Pulse and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetries Pulse Fluorimetry Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry Artifacts in Time-Resolved Fluorimetry Data Analysis Lifetime Standards Time-Resolved Polarization Measurements Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra Lifetime-Based Decomposition of Spectra Comparison between Single-Photon Timing Fluorimetry and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY Wide-Field (Conventional), Confocal, and Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopies Super-Resolution (Subdiffraction) Techniques Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) Applications FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY AND SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy PART III: APPLICATIONS EVALUATION OF LOCAL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT PROBES Fluorescent Probes for Polarity Estimation of 'Microviscosity', Fluidity, and Molecular Mobility Temperature Pressure CHEMICAL SENSING VIA FLUORESCENCE Introduction Various Approaches of Fluorescence Sensing Fluorescent pH Indicators 412 Transfer (PET) Design Principles of Fluorescent Molecular Sensors Based on Ion or Molecule Recognition Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Metal Ions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Anions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Neutral Molecules Fluorescence Sensing of Gases Sensing Devices Remote Sensing by Fluorescence LIDAR AUTOFL UORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE LABELING IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Introduction Natural (Intrinsic) Chromophores and Fluorophores Fluorescent Proteins (FPs) Fluorescent Small Molecules Quantum Dots and Other Luminescent Nanoparticles Conclusion MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS Fluorescent Whitening Agents Fluorescent Nondestructive Testing Food Science Forensics Counterfeit Detection Fluorescence in Art APPENDIX: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INDEX

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Book Synopsis Presents an overall analytical treatment of MRI physics and engineering. Special attention is paid to the treatment of intrinsic artefacts of the different sequences which can be described for the different scan methods. The book contains many images, especially showing specific properties of the different scan methods. The methods discussed include RARE, GRASE, EPI and Spiral Scan. The 3rd edition deals with stranger gradient and new RF coil systems, and sequences such as Balanced FFE and q-space diffusion imaging and SENSE.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "In summary the book treats almost all ingredients of MRI, generally at a good level with excellent illustrations and relevant bibliographic references and it does probably represent the best monograph devoted to the subject available today." (Physicalia, 25/2, 2003) "The book can be recommended to specialists in medical physics who are involved in the use and research of magnetic resonance imaging." (European Radiology, 13/7, 2003) "The treatment is mathematically detailed throughout but the inclusion of over 100 well annotated real images and example calculations reward the hard work needed with a very clear understanding of precisely how the different methods work and the extent of their limitations." (Contemporary Physics 2004, 45, page 441) "Magnetic Resonance Imaging is still clearly intended as a book for the specialist but I think the third edition makes the material accessible to the beginning student … as very reliable reference. … the inclusion of over 100 well annotated real images and example calculations reward the hard work needed with a very clear understanding of precisely how the different methods work and the extent of their limitations. Since 1996 the book has certainly been my authority on MRI." (Dr. C. N. Guy, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 45 (5), 2004) "The authors have undertaken the task to develop a coherent theoretical description of MRI, which can serve as a background for thorough understanding of recent and future developments in magnetic resonance imaging. … the book can be recommended to specialists in medical physics who are involved in the use and research of magnetic resonance imaging." (European Radiology, Vol. 13 (7), 2003) "This book is devoted to a comprehensive introduction to MR Imaging physics … . The book is organised in chapters devoted to a unified topic and accompanied by illustrations. … the book treats almost all ingredients of MRI, generally at a good level with excellent illustrations and relevant bibliographic references and its does probably represent the best monograph devoted to the subject available today." (Thierry Metens, Physicalia, Vol. 25 (2), 2003)Table of ContentsMagnetic Resonance Imaging: A Historical Introduction.- 1. MRI and Its Hardware.- 2.Conventional Imaging Methods.- 3. Imaging Methods with Advanced % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Aayaala % aaaa!36F6! $$\vec k $$ -Space Trajectories.- 4. Steady-State Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 5. Transient-State Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 6. Contrast and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 7. Motion and Flow.- 8. Partitioning of the Magnetization into Configurations.- References.- Index of Abbreviated Terms.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of the well-received introduction to solid-state physics provides a comprehensive overview of the basic theoretical and experimental concepts of materials science. Experimental aspects and laboratory details are highlighted in separate panels that enrich text and emphasize recent developments. Notably, new material in the third edition includes sections on important new devices, aspects of non- periodic structures of matter, phase transitions, defects, superconductors and nanostructures. Students will benefit significantly from solving the exercises given at the end of each chapter. This book is intended for university students in physics, materials science and electrical engineering. It has been thoroughly updated to maintain its relevance and usefulness to students and professionals.Trade ReviewFrom a review of the original edition: "... An excellent mix of concepts, theoretical arguments, and discussion of modern experiments - all at an introductory level ... Full of illustrations, photographs, schematic diagrams of experimental techniques, and graphs of results..." - American Journal of PhysicsTable of ContentsChemical Bonding in Solids.- Structure of Solid Matter.- Diffraction from Periodic Structures.- Dynamics of Atoms in Crystals.- Thermal Properties.- #x201C;Free#x201D; Electrons in Solids.- The Electronic Bandstructure of Solids.- Magnetism.- Motion of Electrons and Transport Phenomena.- Superconductivity.- Dielectric Properties of Materials.- Semiconductors.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book reports on recent investigations of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation. It reviews positron techniques, and describes the application of these techniques to various kinds of defects, such as vacancies, impurity vacancy complexes and dislocations. Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental Techniques.- 3 Basics of Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors.- 4 Defect Characterization in Elemental Semiconductors.- 5 Defect Characterization in III–V Compounds.- 6 Defect Characterization in II–VI Compounds.- 7 Defect Characterization in Other Compounds.- 8 Applications of Positron Annihilation in Defect Engineering.- 9 Comparison of Positron Annihilation with Other Defect-Sensitive Techniques.- A1 Semiconductor Data.- A2 Trapping Model Equations.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive source of the fundamentals, process parameters, instrumental components and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The effect of multiple pulses on material ablation, plasma dynamics and plasma emission is presented. A heuristic plasma modeling allows to simulate complex experimental plasma spectra. These methods and findings form the basis for a variety of applications to perform quantitative multi-element analysis with LIBS. These application potentials of LIBS have really boosted in the last years ranging from bulk analysis of metallic alloys and non-conducting materials, via spatially resolved analysis and depth profiling covering measuring objects in all physical states: gaseous, liquid and solid. Dedicated chapters present LIBS investigations for these tasks with special emphasis on the methodical and instrumental concepts as well as the optimization strategies for a quantitative analysis. Requirements, concepts, design and characteristic features of LIBS instruments are described covering laboratory systems, inspections systems for in-line process control, mobile systems and remote systems. State-of-the-art industrial applications of LIBS systems are presented demonstrating the benefits of inline process control for improved process guiding and quality assurance purposes.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.- Process parameters.- Instrumental components.- Evaporation and plasma generation.- Multiple-pulses for LIBS.- Material ablation.- Plasma dynamics and plasma parameters.- Plasma emission.- Modeling of plasma emission.- Quantitative analysis.- Combination of LIBS and LIF.- Bulk analysis of metallic alloys.- Bulk analysis of non-conducting materials.- Spatially resolved analysis.- Depth profiling.- LIBS instruments.- Industrial applications.

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Book SynopsisKeeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, e.g., ultrafast lasers (atto- and femtosecond lasers) and parametric oscillators, coherent matter waves, Doppler-free Fourier spectroscopy with optical frequency combs, interference spectroscopy, quantum optics, the interferometric detection of gravitational waves and still more applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Absorption and Emission of Light.- Widths and Profiles of Spectral Lines.- Spectroscopic Instrumentation.- Lasers as Spectroscopic Sources.- Solutions.

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Book SynopsisNatalija van Well fokussiert in ihrer Studie auf die Kristallzüchtung mit unterschiedlichen Parametern und die Charakterisierung der Kristalle des Mischsystems Cs2CuCl4–xBrx. Durch Synthese, Züchtung und Charakterisierung von solchen Materialien werden Erkenntnisse über die Systematik der Veränderung ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften gewonnen. Als Ergebnis bestimmt die Autorin neue schematische Phasendiagramme und charakterisiert neu entdeckte Zusammensetzungen. Magnetische Eigenschaften der Materialien können z.B. durch die Änderung der Abstände zwischen den wechselwirkenden Einheiten beeinflusst werden. ;sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Stand der Forschung.- Grundlagen.- Charakterisierungsmethoden.- Ergebnisse der Züchtung für das Mischsystem Cs2CuCl4-xBrx.- Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie bei tiefen Temperaturen.- Physikalische Eigenschaften der orthorhombischen und tetragonalen Phase des Mischsystems.- Einkristalle mit Kronenethermolekülen: Züchtung und Eigenschaften.- Zusammenfassung.

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Book SynopsisI Molecular spectroscopy.- General.- Mass spectrometry (MS).- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).- II Electroanalytical methods.- General.- Potentiometry.- Coulometry.- Amperometry.- Voltammetry.- III Other analytical methods.- Gravimetric analysis.- Thermal methods.- Use of radioactive nuclides.- Fluorescence methods.- IV Sensors and automation techniques.- General information on sensors.- Electrochemical sensors.- Optical sensors (optodes).- Flow injection analysis (FIA).- V Statistics.- Experimental errors.- Statistical errors.- Gaussian error propagation.- Measured value distribution.- Parameter estimates.- Method validation.- Outlier tests.- Glossary.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the application of spectral methods to problems of uncertainty propagation and quanti?cation in model-based computations. It speci?cally focuses on computational and algorithmic features of these methods which are most useful in dealing with models based on partial differential equations, with special att- tion to models arising in simulations of ?uid ?ows. Implementations are illustrated through applications to elementary problems, as well as more elaborate examples selected from the authors’ interests in incompressible vortex-dominated ?ows and compressible ?ows at low Mach numbers. Spectral stochastic methods are probabilistic in nature, and are consequently rooted in the rich mathematical foundation associated with probability and measure spaces. Despite the authors’ fascination with this foundation, the discussion only - ludes to those theoretical aspects needed to set the stage for subsequent applications. The book is authored by practitioners, and is primarily intended for researchers or graduate students in computational mathematics, physics, or ?uid dynamics. The book assumes familiarity with elementary methods for the numerical solution of time-dependent, partial differential equations; prior experience with spectral me- ods is naturally helpful though not essential. Full appreciation of elaborate examples in computational ?uid dynamics (CFD) would require familiarity with key, and in some cases delicate, features of the associated numerical methods. Besides these shortcomings, our aim is to treat algorithmic and computational aspects of spectral stochastic methods with details suf?cient to address and reconstruct all but those highly elaborate examples.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation.- Basic Formulations.- Spectral Expansions.- Non-intrusive Methods.- Galerkin Methods.- Detailed Elementary Applications.- Application to Navier-Stokes Equations.- Advanced topics.- Solvers for Stochastic Galerkin Problems.- Wavelet and Multiresolution Analysis Schemes.- Adaptive Methods.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art contributions related to advanced structural characterization techniques in the field of clean energy materials with particular emphasis on solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen storage materials. It describes several diffraction and spectroscopic techniques for the investigation of both average and local structures with several examples of the most recent materials for clean energy applications. It is the first authoritative collection of contributions on the importance of the application of the most advanced structural techniques to shed light on the properties and mechanisms of materials currently investigated for the use in alternative energy devices. The book provides key techniques for ex situ and in situ investigation of clean energy materials and, hence, is an essential guide for researchers working on the structural analysis of advanced materials.Trade Review"This book provides an excellent overview of state-of-the-art characterization techniques in the field of clean energy materials. The chapters cover the application of such techniques to different materials relevant to fuel cell technologies, lithium-ion batteries, and hydrogen storage and are written by world-leading research groups. This comprehensive book makes not only an excellent introduction for researchers just starting in the field but also a very useful reference for those with experience."—Prof. Serena Margadonna, Swansea University, UKTable of ContentsStructure and Transport Properties in SOFC Components. In situ Diffraction Methods for the Investigation of SOFC Electrolytes and Electrodes. Local Structure Studies (PDF and EXAFS) of SOFC and Hydrogen Storage Materials. Quasielastic Neutron Scattering of Proton Conductors. Structure Analysis of Inorganic Materials for Clean Energy by Maximum Entropy Method.

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Book SynopsisOver the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics. Trade Review"Since the first published images in the mid 1970s, 19F MRI has made a significant comeback in molecular and cellular imaging during the last 10 years. This book is written by an international gathering of scientists who have been expert witnesses to this renaissance, covering every aspect from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives."—Dr. Jeff W. M. Bulte, Johns Hopkins University, USA"Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a splendid overview of how the 19F nucleus can be exploited to interrogate healthy and diseased tissues. Written by recognized experts in MRI pulse sequences, imaging hardware, contrast agent chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine, it covers the whole field from the technique to clinical application. An important and highly recommended book."—Prof. Gustav J. Strijkers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"This is an authoritative and comprehensive book on a very important and emerging topic in the field of MRI and biomedical imaging. The editors have engaged the leaders in 19F MRI and cover all basic and advanced concepts in this field. The book is rich in illustrations and examples, which facilitate comprehension. I have no doubt that it is going to be a valuable resource in helping the next generation of scientists and clinicians to continue the process of advancing 19F MRI and its application in biology and medicine."—Dr. Zahi A. Fayad, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USATable of ContentsTechnical Issues. Pulse Sequence Considerations and Schemes. Advanced Detection Techniques and Hardware: Simultaneous 1H/19F. Hyperpolarization for Signal Enhancement (Naumann/Bernading; Magdeburg, Germany) 19F Imaging Agents. Active Targeting of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions. Responsive Probes for 19F MRS/MRI Inflammation Imaging. Imaging Acute Organ Transplant Rejection with 19F MRI. Cardiac Disease. Monitoring of Specific Cell Populations. Tracking Lymphocytes in vivo. Tracking of Dendritic Cells. Neural Stem Cells. Pharmacology. Fluorinated Drugs and Natural Products. Other Biomedical Applications. Imaging of the Respiratory System. Tracking of Capsules and Catheters in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Perspectives. Perfluorocarbon Theranostic Nanomedicines: Pharmaceutical Scientist’s Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the difference electron nanoscope (DEN), whose principles have been invented and realised by the book author. The DEN is based on a smart combination of diffractometric and spectroscopic data and uses a visualisation of three-dimensional difference electron densities (in our case stemming from 3d orbitals) in order to obtain the key quantity involved, the electric field gradient (efg). However, the DEN is no machine, as the title of the book might infer. It is a computer program running on a fast computer system displaying 3D difference electron hyperareas floating in space and the relevant efg as a wire frame model within the unit cell of the sample involved. In this sense, it acts on a sub-nanometer scale (hence the term "nanoscope") and generates images of uncompared symmetrical and physical evidence—and beauty.For the first time, diffractometry and spectroscopy have been integrated for the common synergetic effects that may contribute to a better understanding of electric and magnetic interactions in a crystal. The experimental derivation of the common quantity, the efg, is not confined to iron-containing samples, as the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy might infer, but can also be determined by nuclear quadrupole resonance that is not confined to special nuclides. Hence, the DEN can be applied to a huge multitude of scientifically interesting specimens since the main method involved, diffractometry in a wide sense, has no general limitations at all. So it is a rather universal method, and the monograph might contribute to a wide distribution of the method in the scientific world. Has anyone seen a real orbital before: a real orbital distribution in a crystal unit cell together with its efg tensor ellipsoid? In this book, one can see it.Table of ContentsIntroduction: What is a DEN?. An Overview on the Methods Involved. The Basic Quantity: The Electric Field Gradient (efg). The Three Pillars of the DEN Method. The Extension of Pillar 3: The DEN method. Application of the DEN on a Representative Example (Synthetic Fayalite Fe2SiO4). Summary and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisBasic physics for vibrational spectroscopy: electromagnetism.- Basic physics for vibrational spectroscopy: quantum mechanics.- Quantum/classical mixed approach: construction of vibrational Hamiltonian.- Quantum/classical mixed approach: computation of vibrational spectra.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the analysis of new azimuth-independent methods of Stokes polarimetry and Mueller-matrixreconstruction of distributions of optical anisotropy parameters using spatial-frequency filtering of manifestations of phase (linear and circular birefringence) and amplitude (linear and circular dichroism) anisotropy for diagnosing changes in the orientational-phase structure of fibrillar networks of histological sections of biological tissues and polycrystalline films of biological fluids.Table of Contents Mueller-Matrix Modeling And Diagnostics Of Optically Anisotropic Biological Layers.- Materials And Method.- Mueller-Matrix Description Of The Optically Anisotropy Of Biological Layers.- Azimutally Invariant Mueller-Matrix Mapping Of Optically Anisotropic Networks Of Biological Tissues And Fluids.- Azimuthally Invariant Mueller-Matrix Reconstruction Of The Optical Anisotropy Parameters Of The Polycrystalline Structure Of Biological Tissues And Human Fluids.- Methods And Means Of Fourier-Stocks Polarimetry And Spatial-Frequency Filtering Of Phase Anisotropy Manifestations.

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Book SynopsisNanophotonics and spectroscopy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Experimental research on nanophotonics is very active. In addition to experimental research on the principles and applications of nanophotonics, computational simulation research on its various physical mechanisms and phenomena is equally important. The simulation of the optical properties of molecules or crystals, such as electronic spectra (absorption and emission spectra, etc.) and vibrational spectroscopy has extraordinary guiding significance for experiments. The current computational simulation technology can also explain and analyze the physical mechanisms behind phenomena. However, among the many computational simulation software programs available, the operation methods and application scenarios are different. The barrier for new users to conduct research with computational simulation is high. Even for researchers with some experience, it is not easy to develop a comprehensive understanding of the various software programs, keywords, programming languages and auxiliary programs. This book serves as an introductory book for beginners to get started with the technology, and a handbook for experienced readers to quickly look up for commands and script usage. It is a handy reference for graduate students and researchers engaged in the study of photonics and optics.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Theoretical basis of computational simulation Chapter 3. Calculation and analysis of electron transition spectra Chapter 4. Vibration spectrum calculation and analysis Chapter 5. Calculation of nonlinear optical properties Chapter 6. Calculation and analysis of molecular chiral spectra Chapter 7. First principles calculation of optical properties of solids Chapter 8. Application of electronic structure methods in optical calculation and analysis

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