Social groups, communities and identities Books

Book SynopsisAn der Strukturierung der Stadt nach neoliberalen und auf Standortvorteile abzielende Marktmechanismen sind viele verschiedene Akteur:innen, Behörden, Institutionen und „beschwerdemächtige“ Interessengruppen beteiligt. Auf der Grundlage von Theorien zu sozialen bzw. relationalen Räumen, die der bloßen Vorstellung von Raum als feste Größe, als Container, in dem sozialen Prozesse lediglich verortet werden, den Rücken kehren, soll in den Beiträgen des Bandes nach den räumlichen Praxen, den Wissensbeständen und Diskursen über Räume und damit nach den Konstitutionen von Raum gefragt werden, die in der Stadt wirksam werden und städtische Inklusions- sowie Exklusionsmechanismen produzieren.Table of ContentsSicherheit und Raum.- Räumliche Inklusions- und Exklusionspraktiken.- Transformation des Urbanen.

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Book SynopsisRefugee research and debate have focused on international agreements, border controls and the legal status of asylum seekers. The lived, daily life of refugees in different phases of their flight has thus been unduly neglected. How have refugees experienced policies of reception and resettlement, and how have they individually and collectively built up their own cultures of exile? To answer these questions the author of this study has undertaken long-term fieldwork as a community worker in a Norwegian municipality. Refugees from Chile, Iran, Somalia, Bosnia and Vietnam were on occasions subjected to exclusionary and discriminatory practices. Nevertheless, restistance was seen in the form of a Somali women's sewing circle, the organisation of a multi-cultural youth club, running refugee associations and printing their own language newspapers. Moreover, in activities such as these, refugees addressed and came to terms with a limited number of shared existential concerns: morality, violence, sexuality, family reunion, belonging and not belonging to a second generation. Drawing upon these experiences a general theory of refugeeness is proposed. It states that the cultures refugees create in exile are the necessary prerequisite for self-recognition and survival.

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Book SynopsisIn order to make justice work, participation and reconciliation is needed within and between societies, peoples, and nations. In this compilation, authors—senior academics as well as students-- from Bethlehem University, Israel, and the Catholic University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany, contribute to this important field. Thus, to some extent, the book in itself is an example of the subjects it deals with.

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Book SynopsisThe history of human civilizations is also the history of human displacements. From ancient times to the contemporary age, every year millions of people flee from their homes and lands in the face of imminent persecution for physical, social and cultural traits, which they cannot control, or exercising their religious or political beliefs. Large-scale ''development'' projects as well as natural calamities have also caused large-scale displacements followed by ill-managed rehabilitation regimes. As a result, over one percent of the world''s total population today consists of refugees and internally displaced persons. South Asia is the fourth largest refugee producing region in the world. There is a close link between state formation and forced migration in this region. Ethnic violence, development work, natural calamities and climatic changes also make people, especially the indigenous ones, flee and settle in extremely unbearable new and foreign conditions. Women and children constitute the bulk of the displaced population. Refugee Watch, in its decade-long 30-volume journey, has sought to capture the agony, tension and struggle of the refugees and internally displaced in South Asia in its different dimensions. The present Selections are a sincere attempt to grasp the multi-dimensionality of the journal within two covers.

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Book SynopsisThis book analyzes Jewish society in Roman Palestine in the time of the Mishnah (70–250 CE) in a systematic way, carefully delineating the various economic groups living therein, from the destitute, to the poor, to the middling, to the rich, and to the superrich. It gleans the various socioeconomic strata from the terminology employed by contemporary literary sources via contextual, philological, and historical-critical analysis. It also takes a multidisciplinary approach to analyze and interpret relevant archeological and inscriptional evidence as well as numerous legal sources. The research presented herein shows that various expressions in the sources have latent meanings that indicate socioeconomic status. “Rich,” for example, does not necessarily refer to the elite, and “poor” does not necessarily refer to the destitute. Jewish society consisted of groups on a continuum from extremely poor to extremely rich, and the various middling groups played a more important role in the economy than has hitherto been thought.Table of ContentsContents Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1 Methodology  2 Sources of the Study: Literature and Archeology  3 Historical Background and Chronology  4 The Roman Economy  5 Structure and Stratification in Roman Society  6 Outline and Structure  7 Sources and Translations 2 Dissecting the Poor Strata of Jewish Society in Roman Palestine, 70–250 CE  1 The Poor and Poverty in the Old Testament  2 The Poor in Non-Biblical Second Temple Literature  3 The Poor in the New Testament  4 Summary  5 The Poor and Poverty in Rabbinic Sources  6 Borderline Poor  7 “Poor” Can Be a Relative Term  8 Historical Background for the Spread of Poverty in Jewish Society  9 Summary  10 Substratification of the Poor in the Roman World  11 Rabbinic Attitudes toward the Poor after the Destruction of the Temple 3 The Laborer (Po’el): On Both Sides of the Poverty Line  1 The Use of the Word Po’el from the Bible to Second Temple Literature  2 The Laborer in Josephus and the New Testament  3 The Laborer in Rabbinic Sources  4 The Laborer’s Economic Situation  5 Summary  6 Laborers in the Roman World 4 Craftsmen and Artisans: the Low Middle Class  1 Crafts in the Roman Empire  2 The Craftsman in Archeological Finds in Roman Palestine  3 The Literary Sources  4 The Craftsman in the Old Testament  5 The Craftsmen in Non-Biblical Second Temple Literature  6 The Craftsmen in the New Testament  7 The Craftsmen in Rabbinic Literature  8 Further Development of Terminology of Craftsmen  9 Historical Background  10 Rabbinic Endorsement of Craftsmanship  11 Summary 5 The Independent Farmer (Ba’al Habayit)  1 The Term “Ba’al Habayit” (“Homeowner”) from Biblical Times until the First Century CE  2 New Testament: Home and Landowner  3 Development of Dominus in Roman Legal Vocabulary  4 Ba’al Habayit in Tannaitic Sources  5 Landowners Representing Members of a Social Group  6 The Economic Status of the Ba’al Habayit  7 Was the Landowner, Ba’al Habayit, Rich?  8 The “House” of the “Householder” (Ba’al Habayit) in Archeological Findings  9 Historical Background  10 The Small Landowner in the Roman Empire  11 Conclusion 6 The “Rich”  1 The “Rich” in the Old Testament and Second Temple Literature  2 The “Rich” in the New Testament  3 The Attitude toward the Rich in the New Testament  4 Summary  5 The Term “Wealthy” in Early Rabbinic Literature  6 Terminology for Wealth  7 Rabbinic Attitudes toward the Rich and Powerful  8 Summary  9 Subdivision of the Wealthy Stratum  10 The Wealthy in Rabbinic Narrative  11 Rich Individuals in Roman Palestine  12 Archeology of Wealth  13 Dwellings in the Vicinity of Roman Palestine: Southern Syria  14 Conclusion Epilogue Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn China less-qualified young migrants are living in subaltern condition and young migrants graduates have strongly internalised the idea of being the "heroes". Young internal and international migrants from China produce through top-dow and bottom-up globalisation. The young Chinese migrant incarnates the Global Individual, what we labeled here as the Compressed Individual.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Figures, Maps and Tables Introduction: Young Chinese Migrants, the Compressed Individual and Global Condition  1 Compressed Modernity, Time and Space  2 Chinese Experience and Young Migrants  2.1 Chinese Experience and Internal Migration  2.2 Chinese Migration and Transnationalism  3 Work and “Emotional Capitalism”  4 Compressed Individual and Inequalities  5 Compressed Modernity, Subpolitics and Collective Action 1 Chinese Young Migrants, Subalternity and the Compressed Individual  1 New Urban Boundaries and Migratory Ordeals in China  2 Young Migrants and Urban Segregation  3 Labour and Subalternity  4 Employment and Social Discrimination  5 Floating Labour, Hegemonic Labour Regimes and Emotions  6 Social Conflicts, Collective Action and Dormitory Regimes  7 Multi-Compressed Modernity and Mobility  8 Compressed mobilities and Subalternity  8.1 Strong Subalternity  8.2 Integrative subalternity  8.3 Weak Subalternity 2 The Fabric of “Heroes” and Emotional Capitalism  1 Young Migrant Graduates and Employment  2 Compressed Modernities and Migratory Careers  2.1 Disaffiliative Mobility and Weak Integration  2.2 Affiliative Mobility and Strong Integration  2.3 “Alternative” Mobility and the Distancing of Compressed Modernity  3 Moral Economies and the Compressed Individual  4 “Being a Hero” and Restricted Autonomy  5 Guanxi and Professional Relationships  6 Socialist Heritage, Compressed Modernities and Work  7 Compressed Modernity and Resistance to Emotional Capitalism 3 Young Chinese Migrants, Economic Cosmopolitanism and Globalisation  1 Young Chinese Migrants and Local Cosmopolitanisms  2 Compressed society, migration and the digital economy  3 Retail Traders, Entrepreneurs and Workers  4 Inter-Ethnic Relations, Muslim Solidarity and Discrimination  5 Transmigration and Economic Assemblages 4 Young Chinese Migrants and World Society  1 Work, Employment and Young Chinese Graduates in Europe  2 Ethnic Niches, Violence and Suffering  3 Chinese Economic Elites and the Cosmopolitan Spirit  4 Discrimination, Racism and Skills  5 Ethnic Enclaves and Multiple Affiliations 5 The Compressed Individual and Polygamic Biographies  1 Social Networks, Spatial Capital and Migratory Circulations  2 Compressed Individual and Family Governmentality  3 Polygamic Biographies and the Translation of Resources  4 Multi-Compressed Modernity and the Spiral of Downward Mobility  5 Ownership, Maintenance and Loss of Self  6 Compressed Individual, Re-migration in China and to China Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the new European cinema of precarity, with a particular focus on Western European films, by revisiting some of its most important precursors, including 1930s Popular Front films and 1990s French New Realism, Italian neorealism, and the British New Wave. It identifies dominant themes and motifs in contemporary films and their precursors, as well as important continuities and discontinuities between earlier and later representations of work, class, class struggle, solidarity, precarity, the moral economy of capitalism and neoliberalism and their affective pathologies. Trifonova examines the ways in which the cinema of precarity mediates economic and social capital in the age of neoliberalism and considers whether these films lend validity to Guy Standing's idea of the precariat as the new dangerous class.

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1998. Society-A Complex Adaptive System aims to re-establish a firm scientific foundation for contemporary sociology, incorporating current extensions to a systems approach, such as complex adaptive systems and aspects of contemporary dynamic systems theory. The essays brought together to form this volume address general problem areas in basic theory and methodology. The work then develops to focus on the more empirically relevant core of social theory-socio-cultural regulation and control-with concern for adaptive structure changing and structure conserving aspects. In addition, the book is focused on dynamic processes rather than static structural or functional concepts.Table of ContentsONE Introduction I GENERAL THEORY TWO Toward a Fundamental Societal Theory THREE Basic Problems in Sociological Methodology FOUR The Nature and Evolution of Systems: An Overview FIVE On Sociocultural Evolution SIX A Systems Approach to the Study of Social Change SEVEN Society as a Complex Adaptive System EIGHT A Systems Approach to Epistemology NINE Mind, Mead, and Mental Behaviorism II SOCIAL CONTROL: POWER AND STRATIFICATION TEN Towards a Systems Methodology of Social Control Processes ELEVEN Meaning and Control in Social Systems TWELVE Social Control: Deviance, Power, and Authority THIRTEEN Social Stratification and Social Differentiation FOURTEEN Science, Policy, and Values -A Systems View

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1999. societies and 'justice' systems pose for women. This is the first in the Women and the Law series is devoted to examining the implementation and implications of various policies and practices as they affect women around the world. Women and Justice: Development of International Policy deals with an analysis of women as viewed from the point of specific systems of justice and issues of equal treatment before the law. It is not intended to include all countries but to present an overview of certain representative areas as a basis for comparison against our American form of justice for women.Trade Review"Women and Justice presents a wide-ranging assortment of scholarly work that provides perspective on the problems that different societies and 'justice' systems pose for women. The commonalities of violence and discrimination against women emerge poignantly from this collection of research from countries separated by geography, history and culture. One of the most important contributions of this anthology is that the authors do not stop at their descriptions of policies and practices that they detail in the different international contexts, but go forward to recommend directions for redressing the issues they describe."Table of ContentsChapter 1 Women and the Law, Muraskin Roslyn; Chapter 2 Women Professionals in Criminal Justice, E.Flynn Edith; Chapter 3 Wife Abuse in South Korea*The order of author names does not imply unequal contributions to the Chapter. Merry Morash coordinated the research and writing. All authors contributed to development of research instruments, gathering data, translation of information, analyzing and interpreting data, and writing the Chapter. Working as graduate assistants at the Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, Youn Hee Shin was extensively involved in translation of materials and development of the research instrument, and with Rosie Cherrie in organizing, conducting, and analyzing data from focus groups. Dr. Hae Sun Kim, Director of the Women’s Hotline in Seoul, conducted and recorded information from the interviews in South Korea. Hoan Bui, a doctoral student at the Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, contributed to the review of literature and the preparation of the final draft of the Chapter., Morash Merry, Hoffman Vincent, Ho Lee Yoon, He Shim Young; Chapter 4 Gender and Crime Across Social Contexts, Kruttschnitt Candace; Chapter 5 Discrimination Against Women Under the Nationality Laws, H.Ammar Nawal; Chapter 6 Wife Rape in Great Britain*We are very grateful to the “World in Action” television series for funding the survey, to Denis Lancer of Staffordshire University for assistance with legal cases, and to Professor Jean Gregory of Middlesex University for helpful comments on questionnaire design., Kate Painter, David P.Farrington; Chapter 7 From Arrest Avoidance to Mandatory Arrest, Martin L. O’Connor; Chapter 8 Violence Against Women in the Caribbean, Zelma Henriques, Janice Joseph; Chapter 9 Research Note, Jolanta Juszkiewicz; Chapter 10 Conclusion, Roslyn Muraskin;

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Book SynopsisIn his groundbreaking Imagined Communities, first published in 1983, Benedict Anderson argued that members of a community experience a "deep, horizontal camaraderie." Despite being strangers, members feel connected in a web of imagined experiences. Yet while Anderson’s insights have been hugely influential, they remain abstract: it is difficult to imagine imagined communities. How do they evolve and how is membership constructed cognitively, socially and culturally? How do individuals and communities contribute to group formation through the act of imagining? And what is the glue that holds communities together? Imagining Communities examines actual processes of experiencing the imagined community, exploring its emotive force in a number of case studies. Communal bonding is analysed, offering concrete insights on where and by whom the nation (or social group) is imagined and the role of individuals therein. Offering eleven empirical case studies, ranging from the premodern to the modern age, this volume looks at and beyond the nation and includes regional as well as transnational communities as well.Table of ContentsIntroduction by Gemma Blok, Vincent Kuitenbrouwer and Claire Weeda (editors) 1. Claire Weeda, ‘Meanwhile in Messianic Time: Imagining the Medieval Nation in Time and Space and English Drinking Rituals’ 2. Suze Zijlstra, ‘Diverse Origins and Shared Circumstances: European Settler Identity Formation in the Seventeenth-Century Plantation Colony of Surinam’ 3. Lotte Jensen, ‘Imagining Europe: The Peace of Ryswick (1697) and the Rise of European Consciousness’ 4. Krisztina Lajosi, ‘Gypsy Music and the Fashioning of National Community’ 5. Gemma Blok, ‘Tired, Worried and Overworked: An International Imagined Community of Nervous Sufferers in Medical Advertisements, 1900-1920’ 6. Vincent Kuitenbrouwer, ‘From Heart to Heart’: Colonial Radio and the Dutch Imagined Community, 1920s’ 7. Klaas Stutje, ‘Indonesian Nationalism in the Netherlands, 1920s-1930s: Long-Distance Internationalism of Elite Pilgrims in Homogeneous, Empty Time’ 8. Marleen Rensen, ‘Time, Rhythm and Ritual: Imagined Communities in L’espoir (1937) and Les sept couleurs (1939)’ 9. Barbara Henkes, Stamverwantschap and the Imagination of a White, Transnational Community: the 1952 Celebrations of Jan van Riebeecks Tercentanary in the Netherlands and South Africa’ 10. Niek Pas, ‘‘L’Oranie Cycliste, une grande famille’: Recycling Identities and the Pieds-Noirs Communitas 1976-2016’ 11. Alexander Dhoest, ‘Remembering and Imagining the National Past: Public Service Television Drama and the Construction of a Flemish Nation, 1950-1980’

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the identities, embodied experiences, and personal relationships of young people experiencing homelessness, and analyses these in relation to the material and symbolic position that youth homelessness occupies in modern societies. Drawing on empirical research conducted in both urban and rural areas, the book situates young people’s experiences of homelessness within a theoretical framework that connects embodied identities and relationships with processes of social change. The book theorises a ‘symbolic economy of youth homelessness’ that encompasses the subjective, aesthetic, and relational dimensions of homelessness. This theory shows the personal, interpersonal and affective suffering that is caused by the relations of power and privilege that produce contemporary youth homelessness. The book is unique in the way in which it places youth homelessness within the wider contexts of inequality, and social change. Whilst contemporary discussions of youth homelessness understand the topic as a discrete ‘social problem’, this book demonstrates the position that youth homelessness occupies within wider social processes, inequalities, and theoretical debates, addressing theories of social change in late modernity and their relationship to the cultural construction of youth. These theoretical debates are made concrete by means of an exploration of an important form of contemporary inequality: youth homelessness.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction: Understanding Youth Homelessness.- Chapter 2 Youth Homelessness, Reflexivity and Inequality in Late Modernity.- Chapter 3 Young Homeless Subjectivities: A Symbolic Economy.- Chapter 4 Identity: Becoming a Homeless Youth.- Chapter 5 Identity: Subverting Homelessness and Making a Home.- Chapter 6 Bodies: Being and Feeling Homeless.- Chapter 7 Relationships: Constructing the Other, Constructing the Self.- Chapter 8 Conclusion: The Symbolic Economy of Youth Homelessness and the Purpose of Homelessness Research.- Chapter 9 Afterword: The Practice of Ethical Research Interviews with Homeless Youth.

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Book SynopsisAlong with the fast growing economy, the term “BRICs” was coined to represent the newly emerging countries — Brazil, Russia, India and China. The enhanced economy in these countries has largely improved people's life; at the same time, it has also strongly influenced the transformation of social structure, norms and values. However, as the world's attention centers on their economic development at the micro level, the social changes at the micro level have often been neglected, and a specific comparative study of these four countries is even more rare.This handbook's contributing authors are leading sociologists in the four countries. They fill the gap in existing literature and examine specifically the changes in each society from the perspective of social stratification, with topics covering the main social classes, the inequality of education and income, and the different styles of consumption as well as the class consciousness and values. Under every topic, it gathers articles from authors of each country. Such a comparative study could not only help us achieve a better understanding of the economic growth and social development in these countries, but also lead us to unveil the mystery of how these emerging powers with dramatic differences in history, geography, culture, language, religion and politics could share a common will and take joint action. In general, the handbook takes a unique perspective to show readers that it is the profound social structural changes in these countries that determine their future, and to a large extent, will shape the socio-economic landscape of the future world.Table of ContentsChanges in Social Stratification: Social Stratification and Its Transformation in Brazil (C Scalon); Changes in the Social Structure of Russian Society Within a Period of Transformation (Z T Golenkova and M K Gorshkov); Social Stratification and Change in Contemporary India (K L Sharma); Changes in China's Social Stratification Since 1978 (Li Peilin); The Working Class: Labor, Workers, and Politics in Contemporary Brazil: 1980 - 2010 (M A Santana); The Working Class in a Transitional Society: From the Soviet Union to the Russian Republic (Z T Golenkova and E D Igitkhanian); The Urban Industrial Working Class and the Rural Peasant Working Class in India (K L Sharma); The Status Quo and Change to the Working Class in Contemporary China (Li Wei and Tian Feng); Peasants: The Brazilian Peasantry: A History of Resistance (M de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley); The Transformation of the Social Structure in Modern Rural Russia (A A Hagurov); The Differentiation of the Peasantry in India Since Independence (K L Sharma); Rural Society and Peasants in China (Fan Ping); Enterprises and Entrepreneurship: Innovative Entrepreneurship in Brazil (S K Guimaraes); The Development of Entrepreneurship in Russia: Main Trends and the Status Quo (A Chepurenko); Tradition and Entrepreneurship of Indian Private Entrepreneurs (K L Sharma); China's Fledgling Private Entrepreneurs in a Transitional Economy (Chen Guangjin); The Middle Class: The Formation of the Middle Class in Brazil: History and Prospects (A Salata and C Scalon); The Middle Class in Russian Society: Homogeneity or Heterogeneity? (N E Tichonova and S V Mareyeva); The Rise of the Middle Class in India Since Independence (K L Sharma); The Heterogeneous Composition and Multiple Identities of China's Middle Class (Li Chunling); Income Inequality: Income Inequality and Social Stratification in Brazil: Key Determining Factors and Changes in the First Decade of the 21st Century (L G Costa and C Scalon); Income Inequality in Russia (Y Epikhina); Poverty and Income Inequality in India's Urban and Rural Areas (K L Sharma); Structural Characteristics and Trends of Income Inequality in China (Chen Guangjin); Educational Inequality: Educational Inequality and Social Stratification in Brazil (M da Costa, M C Koslinski and L G Costa); Inequality in Education: The Case of Russia (D L Konstantinovskiy); Education and Social Stratification in India: Systematic Inequality (K L Sharma); Educational Inequality and Educational Expansion in China (Li Chunling); Consumption: Beyond Social Stratification: A New Angle on Consumer Practices in Contemporary Brazil (M Castaneda); Consumption and Lifestyle in Russia (P M Kozyreva, A E Nizamova and A I Smirnov); The New Emerging Consumption Class and Their Lifestyles (K L Sharma); The Stratification of Consumption Among Social Classes, Occupational Groups, and Identity Groups in China (Tian Feng); Class Consciousness and Values: Working Class Formation in Brazil: From Unions to State Power (A Cardoso); The Research of Class and Group Consciousness in Contemporary Russian Society (M F Chernysh); Social-Class Connection and Class Identity in Urban and Rural Areas (K L Sharma); Stratum Consciousness and Stratum Identification in China (Li Wei).

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Book SynopsisA revolutionary playbook for building generational wealth, no matter where you grew up—from the founders of the explosively popular podcast and financial literacy platform Earn Your LeisureYou deserve to be rich.You deserve to make a purchase without fear that your check might bounce. You deserve to go on vacation. You deserve to care for loved ones without worrying about bills. You deserve to live the way you want, without reservations or fear. You deserve freedom—financial freedom. If you agree, you’ve come to the right place.We grew up in New York playing basketball together. As kids, both of us were fascinated by finance, curious about the stock market and how money moves among systems and pockets. But we began to notice that—for people in our community—hard work wasn’t enough. The system wasn’t set up to help people like us turn our hustle into lasting wealth.We started Earn Your Leisure to cha

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