Social classes Books

Book SynopsisOver the last 25 years, nearly two billion people across the globe have risen out of poverty and income levels have risen worldwide. Yet in the US, the top 1% earn twice the amount of income as the poorest 50% of the population. In the midst of rising prosperity, economic dissatisfaction--driven by the persistent fear felt by many that they are ''falling behind''--is higher than at any point since the 1930s. In Understanding Economic Inequality, the author brings an economist's perspective informed by new, groundbreaking research on inequality from philosophy, sociology, psychology, and political science and presents it in a form that it is accessible to those who want to understand our world, our society, our politics, our paychecks, and our neighbors' paychecks better. As any history of the 21st century would be incomplete without understanding ''the 99% versus the 1%'', the insights provided by the author will prove valuable to any reader. This book also provides the foundation for undergraduate courses on wealth and income inequality, and an essential reading for introductory economics, labor economics, public policy, law, or sociology courses.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. How Do We Measure Unequal? The Who, Where, What, When, and How of Inequality 2. How Unequal Are We? Six Major Facts 3. Why Might Inequality be Necessary? Incentives, Freedom, and Efficiency 4. Why Does Unequal Matter? The Economic Externalities of Inequality 5. Why has Domestic Inequality Risen, and Fallen, and Risen? 6. Why are the Three Most Important Factors in Global Inequality Location, Location, and Location? 7. Is Inequality a Problem We Can Solve? 8. What is the Future of Economic Inequality? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Encyclopedia of the Social and Solidarity Economy is a comprehensive reference text that explores how the social and solidarity economy (SSE) plays a significant role in creating and developing economic activities in alternative ways. In contrast to processes involving commodification, commercialisation, bureaucratisation and corporatisation, the SSE reasserts the place of ethics, social well-being and democratic decision-making in economic activities and governance. Identifying and analysing a myriad of issues and topics associated with the SSE, the Encyclopedia broadens the knowledge base of diverse actors of the SSE, including practitioners, activists and policymakers.Analysing the role of SSE organisations and enterprises in enhancing wellbeing, planetary health and democracy at various levels and their contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the Encyclopedia invaluably summarises knowledge about the key aspects of the SSE. Accomplished researchers depart from traditional nationalistic, Eurocentric and trans-Atlantic perspectives to explain the SSE from a global perspective with a focus on untold stories of its development in both developing and developed countries.A collective work of the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on SSE (UNTFSSE), this Encyclopedia will serve as an essential tool for scholars and students of comparative social policy, international economics, management studies and economic sociology.Key Features: 57 entries Clearly organised into thematic sections addressing histories, concepts and theories, actors and organisations, development, and environment and governance Breaks down the complex relationship between economic, social and political dimensions in an accessible way Trade Review‘A comprehensive overview that clearly demonstrates the significant contribution of the Social and Solidarity Economy in addressing the leading issues of our time, including globalization, social justice and inequalities. This is an important resource for researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders which can be leveraged for promoting inclusive and sustainable development.’ -- Li Junhua, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations‘A product of the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Social and Solidarity Economy (UNTFSSE) Knowledge Hub, the Encyclopaedia of the Social and Solidarity Economy is a welcome contribution to our stock of knowledge on the topic. I applaud our colleagues in the United Nations Research Institute on Social Development (UNRISD), a co-founder and member of the UNTFSSE, for putting this comprehensive reference text together. It will be a useful resource as the International Labour Organization and its constituents seek to implement the conclusions on decent work and the social and solidarity economy, adopted at the 110th International Labour Conference in June 2022.’ -- Guy Ryder, Director-General, International Labour Oganization‘This magnificent work captures the rich diversity of experiences, backgrounds and visions of those of us who work in people-centered economics. It is, therefore, an essential tool for consolidating a paradigm of international cooperation that makes an effective impact in each territory.’ -- Ariel E. Guarco, President of the International Cooperative Alliance, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents: Preface xviii PART I HISTORIES, CONCEPTS AND THEORIES 1 Activism and social movements 2 Hamish Jenkins and Yvon Poirier 2 Community economies 12 Stephen Healy, Ana Inés Heras and Peter North 3 Contemporary understandings 19 Peter Utting 4 Ecological economics 27 Dražen Šimleša 5 Feminist economics 37 Suzanne Bergeron 6 Globalization and alter-globalization 44 Carmen Marcuello, Anjel Errasti and Ignacio Bretos 7 Heterodox economics 53 Jean-Louis Laville 8 Indigenous economies 61 Luciane Lucas dos Santos 9 Moral economy and human economy 68 Jean-Louis Laville 10 Origins and histories 73 Jean-Louis Laville 11 Postcolonial theories 83 Luciane Lucas dos Santos 12 The Black social economy 92 Sharon D. Wright Austin 13 The commons 97 Anabel Rieiro PART II ACTORS AND ORGANIZATIONS 14 African American and distributive justice 106 Jessica Gordon-Nembhard and Ajowa Nzinga Ifateyo 15 Associations and associationalism 114 Bruno Frère and Laurent Gardin 16 Community-based organizations 122 Kiran Kamal Prasad 17 Cooperatives and mutuals 132 Chiyoge B. Sifa and Caroline Shenaz Hossein 18 LGBT inclusion 139 Vincenza Priola and Saoirse C. O’Shea 19 Migrants and refugees 148 Giulia Galera and Leila Giannetto 20 Activism and social movements 156 Edith Archambault 21 Social enterprises 164 Jacques Defourny and Marthe Nyssens 22 Women’s self-help groups 173 Christabell P.J. 23 Youth 181 Davorka Vidović PART III LINKAGES TO DEVELOPMENT 24 Care and home support services 188 Christian Jetté, Yves Vaillancourt and Catherine Lenzi 25 Culture, sports and leisure sectors 195 Nadine Richez-Battesti and Francesca Petrella 26 Education sector 201 Christina A. Clamp and Colleen E. Tapley 27 Energy, water and waste management sectors 210 Waltteri Katajamäki 28 Finance sector 217 Riccardo Bodini and Gianluca Salvatori 29 Food and agriculture sector 225 Judith Hitchman 30 Gender equality and empowerment 232 Bipasha Baruah 31 Health and care sector 241 Jean-Pierre Girard 32 Housing sector 249 Alice Pittini 33 Information and communication technology (ICT) 256 Raymond Saner, Lichia Saner-Yiu and Samuel Bruelisauer 34 Local community development 265 Luis Razeto Migliaro 35 Peace and non-violence 273 Smita Ramnarain 36 Reduction of hunger and poverty 282 Judith Hitchman 37 Reduction of multidimensional inequalities 288 Andrea Salustri 38 Social services 296 Susanne Elsen 39 Sustainable investment, production and consumption 304 Cynthia Giagnocavo 40 The Sustainable Development Goals 311 Denison Jayasooria and Ilcheong Yi 41 Tourism sector 322 Gilles Caire 42 Work integration 330 Kate Cooney, Marthe Nyssens and Mary O’Shaughnessy PART IV ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND GOVERNANCE 43 Access to markets 339 Darryl Reed 44 Co-optation, isomorphism and instrumentalisation 349 Nadine Richez-Battesti and Francesca Petrella 45 Financing 357 Gianluca Salvatori and Riccardo Bodini 46 Legal frameworks and laws 366 David Hiez 47 Local and territorial development plans 373 Hamish Jenkins 48 Management 383 Sang-Youn Lee 49 Participation, governance, collective action and democracy 389 Jeová Torres Silva Junior 50 Partnership and co-construction 395 Marguerite Mendell 51 Public policy 401 Peter Utting 52 Resilience in the context of multiple crises 410 Beverley Mullings and Tinyan Otuomagie 53 Social policy 417 Ilcheong Yi 54 Statistical measurement 426 Marie J. Bouchard 55 Supporting organizations and intermediaries 435 Hamish Jenkins 56 The institutional ecosystem 445 Jean-Marc Fontan and Benoît Lévesque 57 Working conditions and wages 454 Kunle Akingbola and Carol Brunt Index 464

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Book SynopsisThe growing chasm between rich and poor, within societies and between nations, has enormous implications not only for people’s well-being and life chances but for the prospects for democracy throughout the world. From the interpersonal to the societal level, social inequality is the central feature of social life. Helping students appreciate and understand this is the most important task of social science instruction.Garth Massey provides a down-to-earth guide to teaching and learning that emphasizes historically and comparatively the social construction and institutional maintenance of social inequality. It explores approaches to teaching big ideas and theories, along with the challenges raised by the notions and assumptions students bring to class. The author emphasizes how to unpack and make comprehensible the complexity of social inequality in society today and also how to explore the often quantitative understandings provided by contemporary research.Highly attractive is the accessible style of this book, encouraging open classroom discussion and examination of sometimes contentious topics such as class and racial privilege, homelessness, gender preference and sexual identity, shrinking opportunities for social mobility, and global human migration. Its scope makes it a useful tool for instructors of social movements, globalization, race and ethnicity, gender studies, border studies and all courses that impart an understanding of social life.Trade Review‘Practical and comprehensive, this guide is a wonderful resource for instructors seeking to engage students in an essential and timely area of sociology. Chapters step the instructor through the complexities of teaching a broad and changing field, offering approaches to engage students’ sociological imagination and critical thinking skills.’ -- Scott Sernau, Indiana University South Bend, USTable of Contents1 Introduction to Teaching Social Inequality 2 From inequality to stratification 3 Typical challenges in teaching social inequality 4 Getting started with big questions 5 Ideas about inequality 6 Theories of inequality: functionalism to power-conflict 7 Inequality as power 8 Stratification and mobility 9 Wealth and poverty 10 Global inequality 11 Consequences of inequality: spillover or by design? 12 Current trends in inequality: forces at play 13 Learning with quantitative material 14 Responding to inequality: social movements 15 Student research on inequality References Appendix: a sample syllabus Index

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to analyse one of the most pressing social problems of recent years, namely exclusion. The authors bring a richness of perspective, drawing on the experiences of eight European countries and a range of disciplines from law and economics through to social policy and political studies. The EU is a special case worthy of study as it may be that the process of integration actually generates both problems and solutions to social exclusion.The authors focus on what can be achieved by European countries working together and pooling experiences. They show that not only is social exclusion ill-defined but that there are many differing concepts of social exclusion across Europe reflected in health, education, housing and employment. The book reveals the need for a strong dynamic element in policy, producing early and focused action for individuals and groups in society. While rejecting the need for transfers of income between countries, Social Exclusion and European Policy discusses whether there is something extra to be done at the EU level that cannot currently be carried out by member states or through existing co-operation.With its multi-disciplinary approach and emphasis on policy solution, this will be invaluable reading for policymakers within EU institutions, NGOs and scholars and researchers of European studies and social policy protection.Table of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction Part I: The Issue at Stake Part II: European Approaches to Social Exclusion Part III: Solutions References Index

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Book SynopsisIssues of poverty and social exclusion are high on the European policy agenda. The Dynamics of Social Exclusion in Europe reports findings from a study funded by the European Commission, using data from the European Community Household Panel, with a multi-dimensional approach to international comparisons of poverty and social exclusion. The research, building upon that of the preceding book - Poverty and Social Exclusion in Europe - compares four groups who are anticipated to be at particular risk of poverty and social exclusion; young adults, lone parents, the sick or disabled, and those retired from employment. Following individuals over a twelve month period, the analysis explores a wide range of indicators of poverty and social exclusion. These include low incomes, lack of household amenities, personal necessities and consumer durables, and the extent of social contact with friends, neighbours and membership of clubs or organisations. The contributors not only provide country-based data, locating empirical findings in the context of national policy, but also cross-national data, with implications for supranational policy. Promoting a thorough understanding of policy trends and issues, this book will be invaluable to policy makers within individual countries and at EU level, as well as academics, students and researchers specialising in social exclusion.Trade Review'The volume is a treasure-trove of data and empirical analysis; it makes essential reading for anyone interested in the extent of social exclusion, and the likelihood of falling into or escaping from it. It also provides ample proof - if any were needed - that governments seeking to combat social exclusion have to set different priorities, because they are not attacking the same phenomenon.' -- Andreas Fahrmeir, H-Net ReviewsTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: The Dynamic Analysis of Poverty and Social Exclusion 2. The Risk of Multidimensional Disadvantage and Social Exclusion During Four Life Stages in a Dynamic Perspective 3. Characteristics and Dynamics of Income Poverty and Multidimensional Deprivation in Austria 4. The Dynamics of Social Exclusion in Germany: Solving the East–West Dilemma? 5. The Dynamics of Poverty and Multidimensional Deprivation in Greece 6. The Dynamics of Income Poverty and Social Exclusion in Portugal 7. The Dynamics of Poverty and Deprivation in the UK 8. Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEast London has undergone dramatic changes over the last 30 years, primarily as a result of London's large scale de-industrialisation and the rise in its financial sector. Large parts of inner East London remain deprived, but a once overwhelmingly white working class area is now home to a more complex and mobile class and ethnic mix. This topical book focuses on the aspirations of these different groups and the strategies they have pursued about where to live, driven in part by a concern to ensure a good education for their children. The book will be essential reading for students and academics in sociology, urban studies, geography and multicultural studies.Trade Review“The book is thought provoking, informative and should generate some much needed debate about the complex issues it raises, amongst social scientists, educationists and hopefully policy-makers too.” – Journal of Education Policy"This book provides a valuable and original contribution to the existing literature by containing a wealth of new empirical material on London's changing social composition, especially in relation to education. " Paul Watt, Birkbeck, University of London"Tim Butler and Chris Hamnett have produced a compelling analysis of the importance of aspirations and education in understanding social class and ethnicity in contemporary Britain. This thought-provoking book is a 'must-read' for all those concerned to make better sense of social change in society." Diane Reay, Professor of Education, University of Cambridge"With its focus on the social geography, education and economics of London's East End this book offers a unique and invaluable account of 'the local' within a global city over a 40-year period." Stephen J Ball, Karl Mannheim Professor of Sociology of Education, Institute of Education University of LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction; The changing economy and social structure of London and history of East London; Ethnic minorities and housing and perceptions of decline; Ethnicity, segregation and education: aspirations and attainment; The fallacy of choice: the difficulties in making decisions under conditions of limited choice; Reputation and working the system; Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisEast London has undergone dramatic changes over the last 30 years, primarily as a result of London's large scale de-industrialisation and the rise in its financial sector. Large parts of inner East London remain deprived, but a once overwhelmingly white working class area is now home to a more complex and mobile class and ethnic mix. This topical book focuses on the aspirations of these different groups and the strategies they have pursued about where to live, driven in part by a concern to ensure a good education for their children. The book will be essential reading for students and academics in sociology, urban studies, geography and multicultural studies.Trade Review“The book is thought provoking, informative and should generate some much needed debate about the complex issues it raises, amongst social scientists, educationists and hopefully policy-makers too.” – Journal of Education Policy"This book provides a valuable and original contribution to the existing literature by containing a wealth of new empirical material on London's changing social composition, especially in relation to education. " Paul Watt, Birkbeck, University of London"Tim Butler and Chris Hamnett have produced a compelling analysis of the importance of aspirations and education in understanding social class and ethnicity in contemporary Britain. This thought-provoking book is a 'must-read' for all those concerned to make better sense of social change in society." Diane Reay, Professor of Education, University of Cambridge"With its focus on the social geography, education and economics of London's East End this book offers a unique and invaluable account of 'the local' within a global city over a 40-year period." Stephen J Ball, Karl Mannheim Professor of Sociology of Education, Institute of Education University of LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction; The changing economy and social structure of London and history of East London; Ethnic minorities and housing and perceptions of decline; Ethnicity, segregation and education: aspirations and attainment; The fallacy of choice: the difficulties in making decisions under conditions of limited choice; Reputation and working the system; Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the slow violence of poverty. Lou-Marié Kruger’s clinical and research encounters in the Dwarsrivier Valley attempt to give an account of the complex realities and lived experiences of low-income mothers in post-apartheid South Africa. Focusing specifically on maternal life in a semi-rural community, the work can be regarded as a South African case study, showing how particular happenings, specific events, unique interactions and larger societal processes become intertwined to result in complex narratives. Such intricate narratives do not only show how the past always impacts on the present, but can also implicitly suggest how and why such stories are prone to be repeated. While the book can be seen as a study of a place and a community, the lives of individual people and how they are embedded in the larger matrix of culture, history and the political economy are also present. The pertinent question here is one asked by medical anthropologist Paul Farmer: by which mechanisms precisely, do social forces ranging from poverty to racism to gender become embodied as individual experience?

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Book SynopsisThe words 'aristocrats', 'aristocracy' and 'aristocratic values' appear in many a study of ancient history and culture. Sometimes these terms are used with a precise meaning. More often they are casual shorthand for 'upper class', 'ruling elite' and 'high standards'. This book brings together 12 new studies by an impressive international cast of specialists. It demonstrates not only that true aristocracies were rare in the ancient world, but also that the modern use of 'aristocracy' in a looser sense is misleading. The word comes with connotations derived from medieval and modern history. Antiquity, it is here argued, was different. Aristocracy in Antiquity explores and challenges the common assumption that hereditary 'aristocrats' who derive much of their status, privilege and power from their ancestors are identifiable at most times and places in the ancient world. They question, too, the related notion that deep ideological divisions existed between 'aristocratic values', such as hospitality, generosity and a disdain for commerce or trade, and the norms and ideals of lower or 'middling' classes. They do so by detailed analysis of archaeological and literary evidence for the rise and nature of elites and leisure classes, diverse elite strategies, and political conflicts in a variety of states across the Mediterranean. Chapters deal with archaic and classical Athens, Samos, Aigina and Crete; the Greek 'colonial' settlements such as Sicily; archaic Rome and central Italy; and the Roman Empire under the Principate.Trade ReviewA formidably rich discussion. * Classics for All *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements INTRODUCTION 1 The trouble with ‘aristocracy’ Hans van Wees (University College, London) and Nick Fisher (Cardiff University) PART I: ELITES IN THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN: APPROACHES AND MODELS 2 Genealogical and dynastic behaviour in archaic and classical Greece: two gentilician strategies Alain Duplouy (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) 3 Investigating aristocracy in archaic Rome and central Italy: social mobility, ideology and cultural influences Guy Bradley (Cardiff University) 4 Roman elite mobility under the Principate Laurens E. Tacoma (University of Leiden) PART II: HEREDITY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY AT ATHENS 5 Who were the Eupatrids in archaic Athens? Antoine Pierrot (Université de Montpellier 3) 6 Aristocracy and the Attic genos: a mythological perspective Stephen Lambert (Cardiff University) 7 ‘Aristocracy’ in Athenian diplomacy Noboru Sato (University of Kobe) PART III: COMPETITION AND STRATIFICATION IN THE AEGEAN 8 ‘Aristocratic’ values and practices in ancient Greece: Aegina, athletes and coaches in Pindar Nick Fisher (Cardiff University) 9 Honour and genealogy: Megas, his ancestors and strategies of social differentiation in Samos Olivier Mariaud (Université Pierre Mendès-France, Grenoble) 10 Agonistic aristocrats? The curious case of archaic Crete James Whitley (Cardiff University) PART IV: GREEK ELITES OVERSEAS 11 Modes of colonization and elite integration in archaic Greece Thomas J. Figueira (Rutgers University, New Jersey) 12 The emergence of elites in archaic Sicily Gillian Shepherd (La Trobe University, Melbourne) Index and Glossary

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Book SynopsisWhat happens when fossil fuels run out? How do communities and cultures survive?Central Appalachia and South Wales were built to extract coal, and faced with coal's decline, both regions have experienced economic depression, labor unrest, and out-migration. After Coal focuses on coalfield residents who chose not to leave, but instead remained in their communities and worked to build a diverse and sustainable economy. It tells the story of four decades of exchange between two mining communities on opposite sides of the Atlantic, and profiles individuals and organizations that are undertaking the critical work of regeneration.The stories in this book are told through interviews and photographs collected during the making of After Coal, a documentary film produced by the Center for Appalachian Studies at Appalachian State University and directed by Tom Hansell. Considering resonances between Appalachia and Wales in the realms of labor, environment, and movements for social justice, the book approaches the transition from coal as an opportunity for marginalized people around the world to work toward safer and more egalitarian futures.Trade ReviewA badly needed analysis of the situation where post-coal Appalachia finds itself. Books like Hansell's are necessary to help the region move forward."" — Denise Giardina, author of six novels, including Storming Heaven""After Coal is a deeply moving account of a long-term exchange between miners in the coalfields of central Appalachia and south Wales where, between 1980 and 2000, both regions lost thousands of mining jobs. Tom Hansell captures their struggles through the voices of miners and their families. He brings the reader face to face with Appalachian and Welsh coal miners whose stories will touch the reader's heart."" — William Ferris, author of The South in Color: A Visual JournalTable of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Why Appalachia and Wales? 2. Historical Context 3. Turning Points 4. Exploring Regeneration 5. Back in the USA 6. The Next Phase of the Exchange 7. Conclusions Production Credits for the After Coal Documentary Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the convergence of trends in two American institutions – the economy and the criminal justice system. The American economy has radically transformed in the past half-century, led by advances in automation technology that have permanently altered labor market dynamics. Over the same period, the U.S. criminal justice system experienced an unprecedented expansion at great cost. These costs include not only the $80 billion annually in direct expenditures on criminal justice, but also the devastating impacts experienced by justice-involved individuals, families, and communities. Recently, a widespread consensus has emerged that the era of “mass incarceration” is at an end, reflected in a declining prison population. Criminal justice reforms such as diversion and problem-solving courts, a renewed focus on reentry, and drug policy reform have as their goal keeping more individuals with justice system involvement out of prisons, in the community and subsequently in the labor force, which lacks the capacity to accommodate these additional would-be workers. This poses significant problems for criminal justice practice, which relies heavily on employment as a signal of offenders’ intentions to live a law-abiding lifestyle. The diminished capacity of the economy to utilize the labor of all who have historically been expected to work presents significant challenges for American society. Work, in the American ethos is the marker of success, masculinity and how one “contributes to society.” What are the consequences of ignoring these converging structural trends? This book examines these potential consequences, the meaning of work in American society, and suggests alternative redistributive and policy solutions to avert the collision course of these economic and criminal justice policy trends. Trade Review"Mass incarceration in America is now understood as a policy problem needing immediate attention. Auerhahn’s careful analysis shows that it is also a looming crisis. If we are serious about repairing the mess we have made with our incarceration policies, then we must be honest that we cannot do so without also addressing the way the changes in our economy works create imposing impediments to a reform agenda." — Todd Clear, author of The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Failure of Mass Incarceration in America "The scope of Auerhahn’s analysis in this valuable publication is very ambitious and wide-ranging, and embraces economic change and the reform of social welfare institutions."— Bill Jordan, author of Social Policy for the 21st CenturyTable of Contents1 The Contours of the Problem 2 The U.S. Economy in the Twenty-First Century 3 The Criminal Justice System in the Twenty-First Century 4 Work and Welfare in American Culture and Society 5 The Consequences of Denial 6 A Way Forward 7 Conclusion: Charting a New Course Acknowledgments Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisIn the context of neoliberalism and global austerity measures, health care institutions around the world confront numerous challenges in attempting to meet the needs of local populations. Examples from Africa (including, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Congo), Latin America (Peru, Mexico, Guatemala), Western Europe (France, Greece), and the United States illustrate how hospitals play a significant role in the social production of health and disease in the communities where they are. Many low-resource countries have experienced increasing privatization and dysfunction of public sector institutions such as hospitals, and growing withdrawal of funding for non-profit organizations. Underlying the chapters in The Work of Hospitals is a fundamental question: how do hospitals function lacking the medications, equipment and technologies, and personnel normally assumed to be necessary? This collection of ethnographies demonstrates how hospital administrators, clinicians, and other staff in hospitals around the world confront innumerable risks in their commitment to deliver health care, including civil unrest, widespread poverty, endemic and epidemic disease, and supply chain instability. Ultimately, The Work of Hospitals documents a vast gulf between the idealized mission of the hospital and the implementation of this mission in everyday practice. Hospitals thus become “contested space” between policy and practice. Trade Review"Drawing on a range of evocative and sometimes shocking examples, The Work of Hospitals showcases the value of comparative, ethnographic research, beautifully asserting the enduring significance of the clinical space as a lens through which to understand society. Hospitals are spaces of refracted power, surveillance, and Othering, but also inevitably of experimentation. Medicine is no finished product to be enacted on passive bodies, but is negotiated and remade continually in relation to patients’ own sentiments and worldviews." -- Elizabeth Hull * author of Contingent Citizens: Professional Aspiration in a South African Hospital *"A landmark study of the hospital as a social space caught up in global and neoliberal logics. The book's incisive case studies explore moments of care and canny improvisation in the face of structural neglect. By showing how professionals, patients, and families engage each other on contested hospital landscapes, the book makes an important contribution to the anthropology of medicine, power and care in a global age." -- Paul Brodwin * author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry *"Drawing on a range of evocative and sometimes shocking examples, The Work of Hospitals showcases the value of comparative, ethnographic research, beautifully asserting the enduring significance of the clinical space as a lens through which to understand society. Hospitals are spaces of refracted power, surveillance, and Othering, but also inevitably of experimentation. Medicine is no finished product to be enacted on passive bodies, but is negotiated and remade continually in relation to patients’ own sentiments and worldviews." -- Elizabeth Hull * author of Contingent Citizens: Professional Aspiration in a South African Hospital *"A landmark study of the hospital as a social space caught up in global and neoliberal logics. The book's incisive case studies explore moments of care and canny improvisation in the face of structural neglect. By showing how professionals, patients, and families engage each other on contested hospital landscapes, the book makes an important contribution to the anthropology of medicine, power and care in a global age." -- Paul Brodwin * author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry *Table of ContentsIntroductionWilliam C. Olsen and Carolyn SargentPart I Global Medicines in Local Cultures1 Global Health Goals and Local Constraints in a Rural Peruvian ClinicMorgan K. Hoke, Samya R. Stumo, and Thomas L. Leatherman2 Science and Sanctity: Biomedicine and Christianity at an Ethiopian HospitalAnita Hannig3 The Cosmopolitan HospitalCheryl Mattingly4 “Dangerous Disease”: Epilepsy in AsanteWilliam C. Olsen5 The Salience of the State in Biomedicine: Congo and Uganda Cases ComparedJohn M. JanzenPart II Care Giving and Hospital Labor6 Creating a Therapeutic Community: Lessons from Allada Hospital BeninMark Nichter, Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh, and Roch Christian Johnson7 Medical “Errands” among Women with Cervical Cancer in GuatemalaAnita Chary and Peter Rohloff8 Routinized Caring or a “Call” to Nursing: Shifts in Hospital Nursing in Rukwa, TanzaniaAdrienne E. Strong9 “We Work with What We Have, Not with What We Would Like to Have”: Hospital Care in MexicoVania Smith-Oka and Kayla J. HurdPart III Hospitals and the Patient10 The Navigation of Public Hospitals by West African Immigrants with Cancer in Paris, FranceCarolyn Sargent11 Each Child Is Unique: The Responsible U.S. Parent’s Take on Hospital Care Gone WrongElisa J. Sobo12 Making Ethnographic Sense of Cesarean Rates in Greek Public HospitalsEugenia Georges13 The Nightside of Medicine: Obstetric Suffering and Ethnographic Witnessing in a Pakistani HospitalEmma VarleyAfterwordClaire WendlandReferencesNotes on ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisIn the context of neoliberalism and global austerity measures, health care institutions around the world confront numerous challenges in attempting to meet the needs of local populations. Examples from Africa (including, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Congo), Latin America (Peru, Mexico, Guatemala), Western Europe (France, Greece), and the United States illustrate how hospitals play a significant role in the social production of health and disease in the communities where they are. Many low-resource countries have experienced increasing privatization and dysfunction of public sector institutions such as hospitals, and growing withdrawal of funding for non-profit organizations. Underlying the chapters in The Work of Hospitals is a fundamental question: how do hospitals function lacking the medications, equipment and technologies, and personnel normally assumed to be necessary? This collection of ethnographies demonstrates how hospital administrators, clinicians, and other staff in hospitals around the world confront innumerable risks in their commitment to deliver health care, including civil unrest, widespread poverty, endemic and epidemic disease, and supply chain instability. Ultimately, The Work of Hospitals documents a vast gulf between the idealized mission of the hospital and the implementation of this mission in everyday practice. Hospitals thus become “contested space” between policy and practice. Trade Review"Drawing on a range of evocative and sometimes shocking examples, The Work of Hospitals showcases the value of comparative, ethnographic research, beautifully asserting the enduring significance of the clinical space as a lens through which to understand society. Hospitals are spaces of refracted power, surveillance, and Othering, but also inevitably of experimentation. Medicine is no finished product to be enacted on passive bodies, but is negotiated and remade continually in relation to patients’ own sentiments and worldviews." -- Elizabeth Hull * author of Contingent Citizens: Professional Aspiration in a South African Hospital *"A landmark study of the hospital as a social space caught up in global and neoliberal logics. The book's incisive case studies explore moments of care and canny improvisation in the face of structural neglect. By showing how professionals, patients, and families engage each other on contested hospital landscapes, the book makes an important contribution to the anthropology of medicine, power and care in a global age." -- Paul Brodwin * author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry *"Drawing on a range of evocative and sometimes shocking examples, The Work of Hospitals showcases the value of comparative, ethnographic research, beautifully asserting the enduring significance of the clinical space as a lens through which to understand society. Hospitals are spaces of refracted power, surveillance, and Othering, but also inevitably of experimentation. Medicine is no finished product to be enacted on passive bodies, but is negotiated and remade continually in relation to patients’ own sentiments and worldviews." -- Elizabeth Hull * author of Contingent Citizens: Professional Aspiration in a South African Hospital *"A landmark study of the hospital as a social space caught up in global and neoliberal logics. The book's incisive case studies explore moments of care and canny improvisation in the face of structural neglect. By showing how professionals, patients, and families engage each other on contested hospital landscapes, the book makes an important contribution to the anthropology of medicine, power and care in a global age." -- Paul Brodwin * author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry *Table of ContentsIntroductionWilliam C. Olsen and Carolyn SargentPart I Global Medicines in Local Cultures1 Global Health Goals and Local Constraints in a Rural Peruvian ClinicMorgan K. Hoke, Samya R. Stumo, and Thomas L. Leatherman2 Science and Sanctity: Biomedicine and Christianity at an Ethiopian HospitalAnita Hannig3 The Cosmopolitan HospitalCheryl Mattingly4 “Dangerous Disease”: Epilepsy in AsanteWilliam C. Olsen5 The Salience of the State in Biomedicine: Congo and Uganda Cases ComparedJohn M. JanzenPart II Care Giving and Hospital Labor6 Creating a Therapeutic Community: Lessons from Allada Hospital BeninMark Nichter, Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh, and Roch Christian Johnson7 Medical “Errands” among Women with Cervical Cancer in GuatemalaAnita Chary and Peter Rohloff8 Routinized Caring or a “Call” to Nursing: Shifts in Hospital Nursing in Rukwa, TanzaniaAdrienne E. Strong9 “We Work with What We Have, Not with What We Would Like to Have”: Hospital Care in MexicoVania Smith-Oka and Kayla J. HurdPart III Hospitals and the Patient10 The Navigation of Public Hospitals by West African Immigrants with Cancer in Paris, FranceCarolyn Sargent11 Each Child Is Unique: The Responsible U.S. Parent’s Take on Hospital Care Gone WrongElisa J. Sobo12 Making Ethnographic Sense of Cesarean Rates in Greek Public HospitalsEugenia Georges13 The Nightside of Medicine: Obstetric Suffering and Ethnographic Witnessing in a Pakistani HospitalEmma VarleyAfterwordClaire WendlandReferencesNotes on ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisMaking Choices, Making Do is a comparative study of Black and white working-class women’s survival strategies during the Great Depression. Based on analysis of employment histories and Depression-era interviews of 1,340 women in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and South Bend and letters from domestic workers, Lois Helmbold discovered that Black women lost work more rapidly and in greater proportions. The benefits that white women accrued because of structural racism meant they avoided the utter destitution that more commonly swallowed their Black peers. When let go from a job, a white woman was more successful in securing a less desirable job, while Black women, especially older Black women, were pushed out of the labor force entirely. Helmbold found that working-class women practiced the same strategies, but institutionalized racism in employment, housing, and relief assured that Black women worked harder, but fared worse. Making Choices, Making Do strives to fill the gap in the labor history of women, both Black and white. The book will challenge the limits of segregated histories and encourage more comparative analyses. Trade Review"Making Choices, Making Do is a remarkable study that recasts the 1930s working class through the lens of black and white women's experiences during the Great Depression. Analyzing how race, immigration, and gender shaped women's survival strategies, Helmbold opens up fresh interpretive possibilities and an intersectional, comparative, and feminist methodological approach to defining class." -- Keona Ervin * author of Gateway to Equality: Black Women and the Struggle for Economic Justice in St. Louis *"Deeply researched in remarkably rich sources, this fine study takes us into the lives of working class women—their budgets, jobs, struggles, interactions with authorities, worries, and dreams. Full of insights regarding gender, immigration, and family, the book especially succeeds in its careful comparisons of women’s lives across the color line dividing African American and white women, capturing both common oppression and critical differences." -- David Roediger * author of The Sinking Middle Class: A Political History *"No one knows the social history of working-class women better than Lois Helmbold, and no one has written with more insight and sensitivity. By uncovering the everyday lives and struggles of working women, she manages to recast the story of the Depression-era labor upheavals in completely new light. Making Choices, Making Do ought to be required reading." -- Robin D. G. Kelley * author of Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression *"Making Choices, Making Do is a remarkable study that recasts the 1930s working class through the lens of black and white women's experiences during the Great Depression. Analyzing how race, immigration, and gender shaped women's survival strategies, Helmbold opens up fresh interpretive possibilities and an intersectional, comparative, and feminist methodological approach to defining class." -- Keona Ervin * author of Gateway to Equality: Black Women and the Struggle for Economic Justice in St. Louis *"Deeply researched in remarkably rich sources, this fine study takes us into the lives of working class women—their budgets, jobs, struggles, interactions with authorities, worries, and dreams. Full of insights regarding gender, immigration, and family, the book especially succeeds in its careful comparisons of women’s lives across the color line dividing African American and white women, capturing both common oppression and critical differences." -- David Roediger * author of The Sinking Middle Class: A Political History *"No one knows the social history of working-class women better than Lois Helmbold, and no one has written with more insight and sensitivity. By uncovering the everyday lives and struggles of working women, she manages to recast the story of the Depression-era labor upheavals in completely new light. Making Choices, Making Do ought to be required reading." -- Robin D. G. Kelley * author of Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression *Table of ContentsPreface: My History and PositionalityAbbreviation in Text and NotesCitation ConventionsIntroduction1. Urban Working-Class Daily Lives and Work in the 1920s2. Job Deterioration and Unemployment: "You just can't depend on a steady job at all."3. Employment Strategies and their Consequences4. The Family Economy: Daily Survival and Management of Resources5. Interrupted Expectations: Loyalty and Conflict in the Family Economy6. Outside the Family Economy: “Most times I’d go to a friend.”7. Relief: "I never thought I would come to this. I am so willing and anxious to work."Conclusion: Working-Class Women’s Class and Race ConsciousnessAcknowledgementsAppendix 1: Interview SourcesAppendix 2: Women’s Bureau Social ScientistsAppendix 3: The CensusTablesEnd notes

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Book SynopsisHigh-achieving students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to end up at less selective institutions compared to their socioeconomically advantaged peers with similar academic qualifications. A key reason for this is that few highly able, socioeconomically disadvantaged students apply to selective institutions in the first place. In Unequal Choices, Yang Va Lor examines the college application choices of high-achieving students, looking closely at the ways the larger contexts of family, school, and community influence their decisions. For students today, contexts like high schools and college preparation programs shape the type of colleges that they deem appropriate, while family upbringing and personal experiences influence how far from home students imagine they can apply to college. Additionally, several mechanisms reinforce the reproduction of social inequality, showing how institutions and families of the middle and upper-middle class work to procure advantages by cultivating dispositions among their children for specific types of higher education opportunities.Trade Review“This book provides an engaging analysis of how students from different class backgrounds think about college, focusing not on the information available but how students make sense of it. By analyzing students’ college choices in terms of their own meaning-making, Lor provides important insights into the opportunities and constraints that shape those choices. People interested in the divergent college pathways of students from lower- and upper-socioeconomic status students, and in supporting students as they embark on college search processes, will find much to learn from here.” -- Elizabeth M Lee * Author of Class and Campus Life: Managing and Experiencing Inequality at an Elite College (Cornell U *"Yang Lor’s Unequal Choices necessarily complicates how we understand the college choice process and the role social class plays in shaping students’ perceptions of themselves, the options available in the vast higher education landscape, and how they ultimately arrive at choosing one college over another." -- W. Carson Byrd * Author of Poison in the Ivy: Race Relations and the Reproduction of Inequality on Elite College Camp *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Frames of College Attendance 24 Frames of College Preparation 48 Schemas of Colleges 71 Narratives of Interdependence and Independence 97 Conclusion 119 Acknowledgments 131 References 133 Index 000

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Book SynopsisExamining the powerful linkages between class, consumption, market relations, Islam and the state in contemporary Malaysia, this is the first book to explore how Malaysia's emerging Malay middle class is constituted through consumer practices and Islamic revivalism. By exploring consumption practices in urban Malaysia, Proper Islamic Consumption shows how diverse forms of Malay middle-class consumption (of food, clothing and cars, for example) are understood, practised and contested as a particular mode of modern Islamic practice. It illustrates ways in which the issue of 'proper Islamic consumption' for consumers, the marketplace and the state in contemporary Malaysia evokes a whole range of contradictory Islamic visions, lifestyles and debates articulating what Islam is or ought to be.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a study of the social and cultural change in Ming China's lower Yangzi delta region from about 1500 to 1644. It takes three social groups?literati, scholar-officials, and merchants?as the framework for discussing the political, socio-economic, and cultural forces that coalesced and reinforced one another to influence and facilitate the region's change. A still wider perspective reveals how the region's political ties with the state and commercial links with external markets impacted the region for better and for worse. The book also discusses the literati's reflection and discourse, which their participation in the change generated, on the issues of morality, money, politics, and disorder. The book evokes the richly textured social and cultural life of Ming China's heartland in an age of commercial and cultural vigor, which then descended into distress and despair.

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Book SynopsisIndonesia, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has as its national motto ""Unity in Diversity."" In 2010, Indonesia stood as the world's fourth most populous country after China, India and the United States, with 237.6 million people. This archipelagic country contributed 3.5 per cent to the world's population in the same year. The country's demographic and political transitions have resulted in an emerging need to better understand the ethnic composition of Indonesia.This book aims to contribute to that need. It is a demographic study on ethnicity, mostly relying on the tabulation provided by the BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik; Statistics-Indonesia) based on the complete data set of the 2010 population census. The information on ethnicity was collected for 236,728,379 individuals, a huge data set.The book has four objectives: To produce a new comprehensive classification of ethnic groups to better capture the rich diversity of ethnicity in Indonesia; to report on the ethnic composition in Indonesia and in each of the thirty three provinces using the new classification; to evaluate the dynamics of the fifteen largest ethnic groups in Indonesia during 2000-2010; and to examine the religions and languages of each of the fifteen largest ethnic groups.

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Book SynopsisSocial Inequality â examining our present while understanding our past. Social Inequality and Social Statification in US Society, 1st edition uses a historical and conceptual framework to explain social stratification and social inequality. The historical scope gives context to each issue discussed and allows the reader to understand how each topic has evolved over the course of American history. The authors use qualitative data to help explain socioeconomic issues and connect related topics. Each chapter examines major concepts, so readers can see how an individualâs success in stratified settings often relies heavily on their access to valued resourcesâtypes of capital which involve finances, schooling, social networking, and cultural competence. Analyzing the impact of capital types throughout the text helps map out the prospects for individuals, families, and also classes to maintain or alter their position in social-stratification systems.Learning Goals<Trade ReviewThrough a historically grounded conceptual framework that explains the presence and reproduction of social stratification and social inequality, [Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society] analyzes the four major American classes (upper class, middle class, working class, and the poor), identifies the major historical events that have influenced contemporary social inequality, and supplements the quantitative overview of rates and trends with rich, qualitative sources that reveal how the American dream of socioeconomic uplift is really an American nightmare. Doob pays careful attention to how American capitalism functions as a system of class and caste, with special attention to status groups, occupational mobility, income and wealth, and many other elements that facilitate stratification and limit life chances. Unlike many other textbooks on the market, which attempt a faux ‘‘fair and balanced’’ overview of various ‘‘theories’’ of stratification that attempt to explain away inequality as an unfortunate by-product of the liberal state or as a problem only of irrational, microlevel discrimination, Doob stakes his claim early on. Briefly noting Davis and Moore’s (1945) structural–functionalist theory of stratification, he moves quickly through its flaws and takes the reader on a tour de force of more critical perspectives: from Marxist critiques, Weberian ‘‘iron cages,’’ Mills’ ‘‘power elite’’ to Dye’s institutional elite, where he does not dismiss any of the aforementioned perspectives but honestly shows how each shines light on a different aspect of capital, labor, and our major social structures. Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society is an excellent book for those looking to introduce young readers to the paradoxes, contradictions, and human suffering inherent in the capitalist enterprise. Matthew W. Hughey in Humanity & Society 2015, Vol. 39(2) 258 Table of ContentsChapter 1 The Road to Social Inequality: A Conceptual Introduction; Chapter 2 In Marx’s Wake: Theories of Social Stratification and Social Inequality; Chapter 3 Repeat Performance: Globalization through Time and Space; Chapter 4 Foundation for Social Inequality: Concepts and Structures; Chapter 5 Heading the Hierarchy: Upper Class or Superclass?; Chapter 6 The Badly Besieged Middle Class; Chapter 7 Working Class: Estranged from Entitlement; Chapter 8 American Poverty: The Dream Turned Nightmare; Chapter 9 Racism: A Persistent American Presence; Chapter 10 Women’s Oppression: Sexism and Intersectionality; Chapter 11 Astride with the Best and the Wisest;

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Book SynopsisThis unique textbook explores the complex topic of social class, explaining the many psychological nuances of class and classism in people's lives as subjective and phenomenological experiences.Social class can be a deeply personal, complicated topic that is often frustrating and uncomfortable to discuss, and as such has often been a blind spot in teaching and academic literature. For the first time, Noonan and Liu look to address this in one comprehensive text, using a combination of first-person narratives, academic approaches to class, and psychology's contributions to the subject. Across seven chapters, the book introduces a highly accessible theoretical model of the psychology of social class, Liu's own Social Class Worldview Model. Using vivid autobiographical texts to bring the theoretical model to life, the authors show how our worldviews develop through interactions with our social class and economic environment and provide a unique array of methods and skill Trade Review"If you’ve ever thought that the topic of social class sounded abstract or dry – or that it was barely relevant to the education of psychologists – this is the text for you. Anne Noonan and William Ming Liu have created a psychological perspective on social class that is comprehensive, scholarly, and politically-literate, but also accessible, spirited, personal, and contemporary. Students and other readers will find engaging essays and exercises throughout the book that invite them into the exploration as they see its connections to other social justice issues and to their development as psychologists and counselors. Highly recommended."Laura Smith, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA"Reading this wonderful book feels like you are in a conversation with the authors in their living rooms. This book is infused with warmth, intellectual rigor, fascinating narratives, and a call for readers to fully engage in the complex world of social class. The book will inspire many students who will resonate with the content and also will find their life stories represented in the narratives and text. In addition, the authors provided a very insightful perspective on the intersectionality of social identities, creating conceptual connections that are innovative and transformative. I strongly recommend this book for students, instructors, scholars, and interested readers who would like to engage with authors who share themselves and their fascinating ideas with compassion and creativity."David L. Blustein, Boston College, USA'If you’ve ever thought that the topic of social class sounded abstract or dry – or that it was barely relevant to the education of psychologists – this is the text for you. Anne Noonan and William Ming Liu have created a psychological perspective on social class that is comprehensive, scholarly, and politically-literate, but also accessible, spirited, personal, and contemporary. Students and other readers will find engaging essays and exercises throughout the book that invite them into the exploration as they see its connections to other social justice issues and to their development as psychologists and counselors. Highly recommended.'Laura Smith, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA'Reading this wonderful book feels like you are in a conversation with the authors in their living rooms. This book is infused with warmth, intellectual rigor, fascinating narratives, and a call for readers to fully engage in the complex world of social class. The book will inspire many students who will resonate with the content and also will find their life stories represented in the narratives and text. In addition, the authors provided a very insightful perspective on the intersectionality of social identities, creating conceptual connections that are innovative and transformative. I strongly recommend this book for students, instructors, scholars, and interested readers who would like to engage with authors who share themselves and their fascinating ideas with compassion and creativity.'David L. Blustein, Boston College, USATable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: The Power of Story Social Class: It’s Complicated What Does a Psychology of Social Class Look Like?: Internalizing the Structural Accompanying Essay: The Breadwinner, William Ming Liu Economic Cultures, Capital Demands and Social Class: Component 1 of the SCWM-R Accompanying Essays: A Good School, J.D. Scrimgeour; Ghetto Fabulous, Tina Fakhrid-Deen Development of the Social Class Worldview (Lessons, Levels, and Lenses): Component 2 of the SCWM-R Accompanying Essays: Thanks, But No Thanks, Courtney Eldridge; Stink Tree, Anne E. Noonan Classism Means More Than You Might Think: Component 3 of the SCWM-R Accompanying Essays: The Poet and the Pauper, Meliza Bañales; Winter Coat, Terri Griffith Social Class, Race and Intersectionality: A Final Look Before We Go Appendix A

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