Social and political philosophy Books, bestsellers and new releases

Book SynopsisDescription of the seductions - and snares - of self-managed communist or, in other words, anarchist society. This title, an edited collection of original essays on "Le Guin's The Dispossessed", represents an exploration of the political ramifications of this work by a wide interdisciplinary swath of scholars from around the world.Trade ReviewUrsula K. Le Guin’s The Dispossessed is one of the most significant utopian novels in this long tradition of imaginative socio-political thought experiments. In this collection, Davis and Stillman have given us a “sustained and comprehensive” re-examination of this “ambiguous utopia” by way of sixteen astute and original essays. This is a welcome, timely, and important collection. -- Tom Moylan, Glucksman Professor of Contemporary Writing and Director, Ralahine Centre for Utopian Studies, University of Limerick and author of Scraps of the Untainted Sky: Science Fiction, Utopia, Dystopia and Demand the Impossible: Science Fiction and theLike Le Guin's open-ended ambiguous utopia, these sixteen essays will reveal their resonance only as we reread them. Together they comprise a rich, and a valuable, and a persistently stimulating fresh contribution to the ongoing and open-ended appreciation of The Dispossessed. -- James Bittner, Author of Approaches to the Fiction of Ursula K. Le GuinFor three decades Le Guin's The Dispossessed has inspired debates about competing ideologies, about notions of gender, about space-time continuums, about forms of utopian expression-indeed about topics as broad as human communication and as intensely personal as the emotional epiphanies of the novel's hero Shevek. So, to say that this lively first collection of essays about the book is welcome and long overdue is to make a grand understatement. Like Le Guin's novel the collection is wide-ranging, open-ended, and provocative. It offers analyses of expected topics and images—anarchism, ecology, and walls, for instance— from multiple viewpoints, as well as discussions of important less-expected issues, notably consumerism. Contributors examine rich networks of connections and parallels between Le Guin's thought and art and the works of Lao Tzu, Kropotkin, Paul Goodman, Marcuse, Hegel, Hannah Arendt, and French and Italian architects and designers. Le Guin's essay, which concludes the collection, is afrank and feisty response to critics who reduce her novel to treatise status, and a complex advocacy of art that teaches. This fine collection will invigorate discussion of The Dispossessed and of Le Guin's other works, especially Always Coming -- Kenneth M. Roemer, Author of The Obsolete Necessity, Build Your Own Utopia, America as Utopia, and Utopian AudiencesI was delighted to find that these essays deepened and expanded my appreciation of both work and author. If you've read The Dispossessed . . . by all means read this as well. * Sfrevu *Those interested in the history of both utopian and anarchist thought will gain a great deal from the sophisticated analyses on offer. This is particularly so given the diversity of the perspectives brought to bear on the novel....What the volume offers is an exceptional range of essays exploring the radical political theory of the The Dispossessed. * Political Studies Review *For three decades Le Guin's The Dispossessed has inspired debates about competing ideologies, about notions of gender, about space-time continuums, about forms of utopian expression-indeed about topics as broad as human communication and as intensely personal as the emotional epiphanies of the novel's hero Shevek. So, to say that this lively first collection of essays about the book is welcome and long overdue is to make a grand understatement. Like Le Guin's novel the collection is wide-ranging, open-ended, and provocative. It offers analyses of expected topics and images—anarchism, ecology, and walls, for instance— from multiple viewpoints, as well as discussions of important less-expected issues, notably consumerism. Contributors examine rich networks of connections and parallels between Le Guin's thought and art and the works of Lao Tzu, Kropotkin, Paul Goodman, Marcuse, Hegel, Hannah Arendt, and French and Italian architects and designers. Le Guin's essay, which concludes the collection, is a frank and feisty response to critics who reduce her novel to treatise status, and a complex advocacy of art that teaches. This fine collection will invigorate discussion of The Dispossessed and of Le Guin's other works, especially Always Coming Home, and engage any serious reader of utopian and science fiction and political and social theory. -- Kenneth M. Roemer, Author of The Obsolete Necessity, Build Your Own Utopia, America as Utopia, and Utopian AudiencesThis collection will be an essential part of the collection of every Le Guin scholar and every research library. It also has a great deal to teach anyone interested in utopias or in the broader issues of the political workings of fiction. Editors Davis and Stillman are to be applauded for initiating this much-needed reconsideration of a major work of utopian fiction and for bringing together such a varies and astute group of contributors. * Utopian Studies *One would think that 324 pages on this one aspect of this one novel by this one Le Guin might get a little thin; but I was happily surprised. -- Mike Cadden * Paradoxa, November 2008 *Perhaps I can express my gratitude best by saying that reading [these essays] left me knowing far better than I knew before how I wrote the book and why I wrote it as I did…. They have restored the book to me as I conceived it, not as an exposition of ideas but as an embodiment of idea - a revolutionary artifact, a work containing a potential permanent source of renewal of thought and perception, like a William Morris design, or the Bernard Maybeck house I grew up in…. This is criticism as I first knew it, serious, responsive, and jargon-free. I honor it as an invaluable aid to reading, my own text as well as others. -- Ursula K. Le GuinTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Part 2 Open-ended Utopian Politics Chapter 3 The Dynamic and Revolutionary Utopia of Ursula K. Le Guin Chapter 4 Worlds Apart: Ursula K. Le Guin and the Possibility of Method Part 5 Post-Consumerist Politics Chapter 6 The Dispossessed as Ecological Political Theory Chapter 7 Ursula K. Le Guin, Herbert Marcuse, and the Fate of Utopia in the Postmodern Chapter 8 The Alien Comes Home: Getting Past the Twin Planets of Possession and Austerity in Le Guin's The Dispossessed Part 9 Anarchist Politics Chapter 10 Individual and Community in Le Guin's The Dispossessed Chapter 11 The Need for Walls: Privacy, Community, and Freedom in The Dispossessed Chapter 12 Breaching Invisible Walls: Individual Anarchy in The Dispossessed Part 13 Temporal Politics Chapter 14 Time and the Measure of the Political Animal Chapter 15 Fulfillment as a Function of Time, or the Ambiguous Process of Utopia Chapter 16 Science and Politics in The Dispossessed: Le Guin and the "Science Wars" Part 17 Revolutionary Politics Chapter 18 The Gap in the Wall: Partnership, Physics, and Politics in The Dispossessed Chapter 19 From Ambiguity to Self-Reflexivity: Revolutionizing Fantasy Space Chapter 20 Future Conditional or Future Perfect? The Dispossessed and Permanent Revolution Part 21 Open-ended Utopian Politics Chapter 22 Ambiguous Choices: Skepticism as a Grounding for Utopia Chapter 23 Empty Hands: Communication, Pluralism and Community in Ursula K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed Part 24 A Response, by Ansible, from Tau Ceti Part 25 Further Reading

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Rlpg/Galleys Roman Catholic Political Philosophy

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewFr. Schall's meditations on the profoundest themes of western civilization are essential reading for anyone interested in its fate — regardless of their religious convictions or lack thereof. And it would be a rare creature who would not beforced to re-examine the depths and dimensions of his soul to take account of Fr. Schall's powerful argumentation. His book is especially welcome at a time the west faces yet another challenge from radical Islam and its own continuing deterioration from its own nihilism within. -- Ken Masugi, Claremont InstituteJames Schall is one of the giants of contemporary Catholic thought. This volume is essential reading not just for Catholics but for anyone interested in the nature of political philosophy as a tradition of inquiry and the vitally important question of the relationship of faith and reason. -- Kenneth Grasso, Texas State University - San MarcosHere in large part is what makes Schall unique; his best friends in politics, philosophy, literature, history, and theology make his interpretation of reality sole occupant of the field. With their help he undertakes in these pages the central task of Catholic political philosophy-to spell out the true enlightenment of which Chesterton was a herald in the way he courageously faced, loudly proclaimed, and galantly challenged all the errors that ever were. * Gilbert Magazine *A lively and spirited defense of Roman Catholic political philosophy that exemplifies what it describes. James Schall understands the presumption against any attempt to link the worlds of faith and reason. He shows that the most powerful argument for convergence arises from the side of reason itself. Political philosophy is most true to itself when it preserves its openness to revelation. -- David Walsh, Catholic University of AmericaTertullian asked: "What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" James V. Schall goes one step further and asks: "What have Athens and Jerusalem to do with Rome?" Serious and playful, witty and wise, Roman Catholic Political Philosophy is essential reading for anyone exploring the question of reason and revelation and how it relates to the nature of political things. -- William P. Haggerty, Gannon UniversityRoman Catholic Political Philosophy will provide rewarding reading to any student, professor, or lay reader who is interested in the relationship between religion and philosophy, especially as this has developed within the Catholic tradition. * Review of Metaphysics *This book is a magisterial summation of Fr. Schall's lifelong reflections on political philosophy in relation to the Catholic tradition. Readers will be impressed by the constructive dialogue he establishes between Reason and Revelation in relation to understanding the nature of politics. His command of the classic works, both ancient and modern, and his knowledge of contemporary political theorists, both Catholic and non-Catholic, is equal to any. -- Timothy Fuller, Colorado CollegeDespite various qualms and trepidations, philosophy has been rediscoving revelation for some time. Political philosophers dig in their heels, though, and Schall shows why this is misguided. By accepting revelation, reason actually becomes more reasonable; revelation makes the intellectual life more intellectual. Of course philosophy is not theology and cannot "prove" the truths of revelation, but it denies itself if it does not take the possibility of revelation seriously. This is a searching, reflective book in the spirit of Fides et Ratio, an essay to be meditated, not merely read. -- Jay Budziszewski, University of Texas, AustinFr. Schall argues that the purpose of Roman Catholic political philosophy is to inquire about the relation of politics to the teaching of Revelation, as preserved and interpreted in the Catholic Church. In carry out this philosophical inquiry he ackowledges his debt to Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin, but then argues that political philosophy direct people's attention to the highest things and, therefore, points to metaphysics and Revelation. Fr. Schall is at his best in making the case that Revelation not only helps the non-philosopher, but also the philosopher as well. In fact, he argues in his fine book that philosophy, if true to itself, will be open to Revelation. -- Brian Benestad, University of ScrantonThis wise and learned essay is a truly original contribution to our understanding of the relationship between political philosophy and the revelational traditions of the West. Schall brilliantly demonstrates that political philosophy is prone to degenerate into mere skepticism or even inhuman ideology when it arbitrarily closes itself off from the account of human nature and the whole of things that is provided by "Roman Catholic political philosophy." Schall's erudition is staggering and his judgment "Catholic" in the most capacious sense of that term. -- Daniel J. Mahoney, Assumption CollegeTogether with Pope John PaulII's Fides et Ratio, Father Schall eloquently reminds us that the city in which we live is limited and can never fulfil our transcendent destiny. * The British Columbian Catholic *This book, written by the preeminent Catholic political philosopher in North America, is a brilliant inquiry into the nature and limits of political philosophy. * Fellowship Of Catholic Scholars *Roman Catholic Political Philosophy is thus both simple and dense - simple in its startling clarity, dense in its richness of meaning, a work of great metaphysical integrity. One need not be a Catholic, much less a Christian, to grasp the importance of Roman Catholic Political Philosophy. * Claremont Review of Books *The author holds that political philosophy is especially an area where faith and reason have, and will continue to, come together very clearly. This book is an excellent illustration of how these two ways of knowing can collaborate in an academic discipline, but also of what happens when they separate as in our own times. * The Review of Politics *One of this book's greatest strengths is its effective synthesis of elements of Strauss with elements of Catholic and related thought....Schall's message is an important one....He is a much needed corrective to a de-sanctified world and its fragmented pursuit of knowledge. * H-Net: Humanities and Social Science Reviews Online *Table of Contents1 Introduction 2 Why Is Political Philosophy Different? 3 On the Paradoxical Place of Political Philosophy in the Structure of Reality 4 The Philosopher's Study of Political Things 5 The Role of Christian Philosophy in Politics 6 On How Revelation Addresses Itself to Politics 7 The Relation of Political Philosophy to Metaphysics and Theology 8 From Curiosity to Pride: On the Experience of Our Own Existence 9 Modernity: What Is It? 10 Revelation, Political Philosophy, and the Generation of Morality 11 Worship and Political Philosophy 12 Roman Catholic Political Philosophy 13 Conclusion Chapter 14 Thirty-three Summary and Concluding Maxims, Principles, and Aphorisms Concerning Roman Catholic Political Philosophy

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Lexington Books Toward a New Socialism

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Book SynopsisOffers a critical analysis of capitalism's failings and the imminent need for socialism as an alternative form of government. This book contains essays, which explore the benefits and consequences of a socialist system as an avenue of increased human solidarity and ethical principle.Trade ReviewIntelligent and well-written essays filled with radical visions and sensible, humane policy proposals. This book will be extremely valuable for readers who think we can do better than the present system-and even more important for those who think we can't. -- Roger S. Gottlieb, author of A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism and our Planet's FutureRecommended. -- H.G. Reid, University of Kentucky * CHOICE *...the essays are first class- well written, well argued, and highly engaging....I would certainly recommend the book... * Political Studies Review *inspiring and hopeful.... It is an important contribution to socialist thought... * Against the Current, March 2009 *I know of no other work remotely comparable to this anthology. The collection should make a major contribution to public debates regarding the feasibility and desirability of a more democratic alternative to global capitalism. The comprehensiveness of the issues considered also sets it apart. And the authors collected here form a veritable 'who's who' of leading socialist philosophers working in the U.S. today. Without question this is the single best collection of writings by contemporary U.S. socialist philosophers available. -- Tony Smith, Iowa State UniversityTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction: Toward a New Socialism Part 2 Part One: Principles Chapter 3 Socialist Voices Chapter 4 Socialist Freedom Chapter 5 Equality Chapter 6 Socialist-Feminism: A Cooperative Vision and the Right to Care Chapter 7 Social Feelings and the Morality of Socialism Chapter 8 Can We Get There From Here?: Reflections about Fundamental Social and Human Change Chapter 9 Their Rationality and Ours Chapter 10 Social Hope and Prophetic Intellectuals in a "Hopeless World" Part 11 Part Two: Specific Institutions in a Socialist Society Chapter 12 Socializing Care: Reinventing Family Life Chapter 13 Schooling in a Socialist Society Chapter 14 Between Repression and Liberation: Sexuality and Socialist Theory Chapter 15 The Religion of Liberation: Theology of Liberation and Socialism Chapter 16 The Right of Association: The Shameful History of a Right Fundamental to Democracy Chapter 17 Democracy Chapter 18 The Role of Prisons in a Socialist Future or: The Incorrigible Ethos of Incarceration Chapter 19 Socialism and Technology: A Sectoral Overview Chapter 20 Social Justice as an Environmental Issue Chapter 21 Capitalism, Sustainability, and Climate Change Chapter 22 Marxism and War Part 23 Part Three: Promising Social Movements and Their Projects Chapter 24 Worker Controlled Workplaces Chapter 25 Challenging the "Market as God" Ideology: Living Wage Campaigns and the Fight for Socialism Chapter 26 A Politics and a Sensibility: The Anarchist Current on the U.S. Left Chapter 27 Multiculturalism as Solidarity: Globalizing Resistance Chapter 28 The New Solidarity: A Case Study of Cross-Border Labor Networks and Mural Art in the Age of Globalization Chapter 29 The Zapatistas: Lessons for the U.S. Left Chapter 30 Dear Sup. Much Obliged: An Afterword Chapter 31 An Afterword to the Afterword: The Zapatista Movement a Decade Later

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Rlpg/Galleys Comprehending Care

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Book SynopsisAmerican psychologist Carol Gilligan holds that dominant ethical theories, with their strong emphasis on rights and justice, fail to see how care is an indispensable part of moral life. This failure weakens their credibility as adequate, universal ethical theories. In Comprehending Care, Tove Pettersen investigates whether an ethics of care really does give voice to a normative perspective that traditional moral theory has disregarded. More specifically, she considers whether Carol Gilligan''s own theoretical contribution is an ethical theory of care, and if it is likely to contribute to such a revised understanding. Pettersen argues that central elements in a consistent and justifiable ethics of care theory can in fact be extracted from her works, and is an ethics that to some extent challenges traditional ethical theories by revealing some of their ontological and epistemological inadequacies, such as tacit assumptions, unforeseen disturbing implications, and deficient moral categoriTrade ReviewWell-informed and tightly argued, this book helps disentangle, clarify, and resolve many issues hotly contested in the care-versus-justice literature. Pettersen’s even-handed and non-ideological discussion shows how philosophical methods and skills can raise the level of debate and thereby open the way toward a synthesis between apparently irreconcilable views. -- Thomas PoggeThere are many things to admire in Pettersen's work....A thorough, comprehensive account....This is a fine work that will enhance any library devoted to contemporary ethics, feminism, and the conjunction of ethics and feminism. * Metapsychology Online, November 2008 *Carol Gilligan’s In a Different Voice is often cited but seldom read, and rarely read carefully. Tove Pettersen offers a fresh and expansive reading of the feminist 'ethic of care' by beginning from Gilligan and pursuing it to contemporary efforts to use care ethics to understand global perspectives. It is an intelligent and innovative reading of this growing tradition. -- Joan C. Tronto, Hunter College, The City University of New YorkTable of ContentsChapter 1: The Perspective of Care Chapter 2: Gender Issues and Criticism Chapter 3: Normative Foundations and Formal Features Chapter 4: Care, Cognition, and Emotions Chapter 5: Care and Traditional Moral Theory Chapter 6: Care and Justice: Reconciling Opposites Chapter 7: Distributing Mature Care Chapter 8: Conditional Care Chapter 9: Why Care? Ethical Justification of Thick Care Chapter 10: The Circles of Care

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Lexington Books The Timespace of Human Activity On Performance

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Book SynopsisThis book shows that a concept of activity timespace drawn from the work of Martin Heidegger provides new insights into the nature of activity, society, and history. Although the book is a work of theory, it has significant implications for the determination and course, not just of activity, but of sociohistorical change as well. Drawing on empirical examples, the book argues (1) that timespace is a key component of the overall space and time of social life, (2) that interwoven timespaces form an essential infrastructure of important social phenomena such as power, coordinated actions, social organizations, and social systems, and (3) that history encompasses constellations of indeterminate temporalspatial events. The latter conception of history in turn yields a propitious account of how the past exists in the present. In addition, because the concept of activity timespace highlights the teleological character of human action, the book contains an extensive defense of the teleological character of such allegedly ateleological forms of activity as emotional and ceremonial actions. Since, finally, the book''s ideas about timespace and activity as an indeterminate event derive from an interpretation of Heidegger, the work furthers understanding of the relevance of his thought for social and historical theory. The book combines textual interpretation, theoretical argumentation, and empirical substantiation. Many of its empirical examples are taken from the Blue Grass Horse Country around Lexington, Kentucky, where the author resides.Trade ReviewWith this book, Ted Schatzki provides a remarkable synthesis and expansion of his past work. By adding considerations of time and space, practice, and the role of performance, the ceremonial, and teleological in human action to a Heideggerian starting point, he gives us a novel approach to the philosophy of action that gets beyond formalism and meaningfully connects with substantive problems. -- Stephen Turner, University of South FloridaIn this exciting and inspiring book, Schatzki turns previous accounts of social practice inside-out to reveal the timespace of human activity. With each chapter new lines of enquiry come tumbling forth, challenging and at the same time invigorating established agendas across sociology, psychology, history, and geography. -- Elizabeth Shove, Lancaster UniversityTed Schatzki is a leading figure in the philosophy of the social sciences. The Timespace of Human Activity represents a major development of the philosophy of practice, articulated in his previous books. Drawing principally on the work of Martin Heidegger, Ted Schatzki explores the way in which the world is constituted through human activity activity and how that world influences the very possibility of our existence. Schatzki builds his analysis through careful exegesis of the works of Heidegger, Lefebvre, Bergson, and others, interspersing his interpretations with vivid examples from everyday life. The book speaks to existential issues which have become central to contemporary debates in the social sciences and philosophy and will be required reading for all those interested in what it is to be human. -- Anthony King, University of ExeterTable of ContentsChapter 1 Preface Part 2 Chapter 1. The Timespace of Human Activity Chapter 3 Objective Time and Space Chapter 4 Social Space-time Chapter 5 The Timespace of Human Activity Chapter 6 On the Intellectual Contexts of Activity Timespace Chapter 7 The Social Character of Activity Timespace Part 8 Chapter 2. Activity Timespace and Social Life Chapter 9 Human Coexistence Chapter 10 The Coordination of Actions Chapter 11 Social Organizations, Events, and Systems Chapter 12 Harvey on Space-Time and Space-Time Compression Chapter 13 Conflict and Power Chapter 14 Landscapes Part 15 Chapter 3. The Dominion of Teleology Chapter 16 Outline of a Theory of Human Activity Chapter 17 Emotional Activity Chapter 18 Ceremony and Ritual Chapter 19 Sacred Worlds Part 20 Chapter 4. Activity and History as Indeterminate Temporalspatial Events Chapter 21 Human Activity as Event Chapter 22 The Indeterminacy of Activity Chapter 23 Human Activity as Flowing Chapter 24 On History and Historicity

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Lexington Books Teaching in an Age of Ideology

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores the role of some of the most prominent twentieth-century philosophers and political thinkers as teachers. It examines how these teachers conveyed truth to their students against the ideological influences found in the university and society. Philosophers from Edmund Husserl and Hannah Arendt to political thinkers like Eric Voegelin and Leo Strauss, and their students such as Ellis Sandoz, Stanley Rosen, and Harvey Mansfield, are in this volume as teachers who analyze, denounce, and attempt to transcend ideology for a more authentic way of thinking. What the reader will discover is that teaching is not merely a matter of holding concepts together, but a way of existing or living in the world. The thinkers in this volume represent this form of teaching as the philosophical search for truth in a world deformed by ideology.Trade ReviewThere may be no formula on how to be an outstanding teacher, but this splendid collection, mostly by younger scholars, provide intimations, insights, and reflections on master teachers they have known. Great teaching always contains an element of resistance –to the lie, to mere opinion, to deceit—and is invariably based on common sense even while it aspires to something more. -- Barry Cooper, University of CalgaryI opened Teaching in an Age of Ideology to look for stories of great teachers I knew or had read, and quickly I was confronted with unsolved questions of political philosophy and liberal education. The stories are here, but often they are merely the hook to bring the reader virtually into the kind of classroom where he is compelled to upset his settled opinions and to see the world afresh. These essays by master teachers about master teachers are not only enjoyable and illuminating; taken as a whole, they offer a précis of the great crises of the past century and an intimation of how the human spirit can transcend dark days. -- James R. Stoner, Jr., Louisiana State UniversityThe largely realized promise of this collection is that the human activity of political-philosophical inquiry is exhibited and helpfully illuminated not merely in what philosophers and scholars write and publish, but in their acts of teaching. These thoughtful reflections on the teaching work of scholars deserve the attention of scholars and students alike. -- Thomas W. Heilke, University of KansasIn this collection of essays celebrating 11 scholar-teachers who opposed today's dominant educational and political ideologies, and written by their students and followers, Heyking (Univ. of Lethbridge, Canada) and Trepanier (Saginaw Valley State Univ.) have constructed a biographical narrative of ideas that begins largely among secular Jewish philosophers in early-20th-century Europe and ends with conservative political theorists in US universities. From Edmund Husserl and Hannah Arendt in Germany through Eric Voegelin, Leo Strauss, and Harvey Mansfield in the US, the essays examine how and why their mentors shaped ways of thinking that are a form of reflective action that enhances both human freedom and democratic citizenship. Both as teachers and as scholars, they employed ways of doing political philosophy that became models of liberal education itself--models that now occupy proud but beleaguered outposts even within the liberal arts in most colleges and universities. At a time when "theory" in academic life is often a dogmatic barrier to everyday experience, shared meanings, and opening to transcendence, this collection echoes similar responses by Harry Clor in On Moderation: Defending an Ancient Virtue in a Modern World (CH, Jan'09, 46-2925) and David Walsh in After Ideology: Recovering the Spiritual Foundations of Freedom (1983). Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Teaching Political Philosophy, Lee Trepanier and John von Heyking Section I: Thinking and Teaching against Ideology Chapter 1: Edmund Husserl, Molly Brigid Flynn Chapter 2: Hannah Arendt, Leah Bradshaw Chapter 3: Raymond Aron’s Educative Legacy, Bryan-Paul Frost Chapter 4: Bernard Lonergan, Lance M. Grigg Section II: The Teacher’s Search for Order Chapter 5: Eric Voegelin and the “Art of the Perigoge”, John von Heyking Chapter 6: Gerhart Niemeyer as Educator: The Defense of Western Culture in an Ideological Age, Michael Henry Chapter 7: Ellis Sandoz as Master Teacher Charles R. Embry, Texas A & M University at Commerce Chapter 8: John H. Hallowell, Principled Pragmatist, Tim Hoye Section III: The Teaching of Natural Rights Today Chapter 9: Leo Strauss’s Two Agendas for Education, Michael Zuckert Chapter 10: Stanley Rosen the Nemesis of Nihilism. Nalin Ranasinghe Chapter 11: Harvey Mansfield, Travis D. Smith

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Lexington Books Machiavelli and Epicureanism

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Book SynopsisThis book investigates the influence of Epicurean physics on the argument developed in Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy. Towards this end, the full philosophical history and origins of atomist philosophy are investigated during the first three chapters. Plato's critique of the atomist philosophy, from his dialogue the Parmenides, is a part of that investigation. In fact, Plato provides a refutation of the atomist philosophy in the Parmenides. A significant amount of scholarship has been accomplished that demonstrates the currents of Lucretian atomism in Machiavelli's Florence. Evidence is supplied as to Machiavelli's exposure to the Lucretian text, and the book then proceeds to investigate the transformational arguments of the Discourses On Livy itself. Machiavelli's Discourses are saturated with terminology that is borrowed from physics: materia' (Matter), corpo' (body), forma' (form), accidente' (accident). English translators have usually employed some theory as to which tradition of physics Machiavelli is relying upon, in order to conduct their translations. By borrowing the terminology of Lucretian physics, Machiavelli becomes able to conceive of the people in a political society as something less than human: as matter' or materia without form. In my analysis of Machiavelli's deployment of the concepts from Lucretian physics, it is attempted to unveil the brutality that is inherent in Machiavelli's new definitions of the elements of politics, and the general hostility of his political science to the Aristotelian concept of the human being as political animal. The classical physics of Aristotle, which Machiavelli has rejected for a model, indicates the forward looking momentum of natural beings. For Aristotle, nature intends human political society as the arena for human fulfillment. In Aristotelian physics, nature aims at an end in generation, i.e. at a culmination of the natural being in its proper condition of excellence. For human beings, this is justice, the quality of relationships that makes happiness possible. In Machiavelli, a new politicized physics is revealed. In Machiavelli's model, the human beings of formed matter are repeatedly sent, through new institutions and methods of government, back to their beginnings', i.e. to a condition of isolation, destitution, injury, and pain. The last chapter of the book concludes with an examination of the particular institutions and methods that Machiavelli holds out to us for employment, if his new vision of a republic is to be realized.Trade ReviewMachiavelli imparted new meanings to the moral vocabulary of the ancients. Virtù, for example, means nearly the opposite when used by Machiavelli (acquisitive success) as when used by Aristotle (self-restraint). Roecklein does a service by tracing this vocabulary to Epicurean philosophy, of which Machiavelli is said to be a proponent. Thus words like accidente, materia, and corpo carry substantive significance and must be retained in translations, Roecklein argues. Before turning to Machiavelli, Roecklein devotes three chapters to explicating Machiavelli's supposed sources: Parmenides, Epicurus, and Lucretius. The book is actually more about them than about Machiavelli. But the parts on Machiavelli are quite bold and cutting, as Roecklein attacks head on the republican interpretations of Quentin Skinner and J. G. A. Pocock. Machiavelli is anti-democratic because he commandeers language and discountenances the perceptual world of ordinary people. His political science is anti-deliberative, since choice causes corruption and decline. His new modes and orders are an assault on human dignity and claims to justice for the sake of order, and so on. A valuable addition to Machiavelli scholarship. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections. * CHOICE *Roecklein's arguments for the influence of Lucretius on Machiavelli are compelling. . . . The greater contribution of the volume will be to the study of Epicurean-Lucretian atomism and its legacies, rather than assessment of Machiavelli's political philosophy. * Polis *For anyone interested in studying the atomistic and epicurean matrix of Machiavelli’s political thought, and hence of a part of modernity, this book is important because it shows how it is the principal reference which guides Machiavelli in the construction of his philosophical categories and in the polemic against other philosophical traditions. * Storia del Pensiero Politico *Robert Roecklein has given us a superb study of Machiavelli's political theory and its relation to classical philosophy. By connecting Machiavelli to Epicurean thought, he shows a new layer of his political theory and argues that his relation to both modernity and antiquity need to be rethought. Rocklein's book is important in showing us that we can take much more from Machiavelli's thought than contemporary scholarship has allowed. In so doing, he provides us with a revealing interpretation of Machiavelli, a thinker who has been as misunderstood as much as he has been demonized. -- Michael J. Thompson, Associate Professor of Political Science, William Paterson UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Plato’s Refutation of Eleatic Atomism in the Parmenides Chapter 2: Epicurus: Political Philosopher Chapter 3: Lucretius’ Aggressive Rhetoric Chapter 4: Machiavelli’s Discourses: the Birth of Neo-Epicureanism Chapter 5: The Life of the Spirit in Machiavelli’s Republic

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Lexington Books Badiou and Hegel

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Book SynopsisThis book collects the work of leading scholars on Alain Badiou and G.W.F. Hegel, creating a dialogue between, and a critical appraisal of, these two central figures in European philosophy.Trade ReviewThe essays in Jim Vernon and Antonio Calcagno's timely collection cover the multiple facets of Badiou's highly ambivalent rapport with Hegel's philosophy as it unfolds from the 1970s through today. . . .For those interested in Badiou and Badiou's relations with Hegel, Badiou and Hegel certainly is worth reading. It contains useful summaries and analyses of the place(s) of Hegel in the Badiouian oeuvre. * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *This book contains the first exhaustive analysis of Badiou’s brilliant and surprising texts on Hegel. The essays include an excellent treatment of infinity in Badiou and Hegel that discusses precise mathematical ontology in a way that non-mathematicians can follow and participate in: this is the sort of Badiou scholarship we need. They also include theses on materiality and dialectic, subject and event, society and decision, art and politics, love and tragedy, and, of course, truth procedures. For its close readings of Badiou, and current approaches to Hegel, this collection is indispensible. What is especially good is that it forces readers to participate in controversial decisions, and raises the level at which these controversies will have to be pursued in the future. -- Jay Lampert, University of Guelph, Duquesne UniversityThis collection is a sustained and timely examination of the relationship between one of the foremost philosophers of the twenty-first century and one of the major thinkers of the nineteenth. Of equal use and importance to Badiou and Hegel scholars alike, these essays should provide the bedrock of any serious discussion of many key philosophical terms and approaches over the coming years. -- Nina PowerTable of Contents1. Measuring Up: Some Consequences of Badiou’s Confrontation with Hegel, A.J. Bartlett and Justin Clemens 2. The Good, the Bad and the Indeterminate: Hegel and Badiou on the Dialectics of the Infinite, Tzuchien Tho 3. Badiou contra Hegel: The Materialist Dialectic Against the Myth of the Whole, Adriel M. Trott 4. The Question of Art: Badiou and Hegel, Gabriel Riera 5. Badiou with Hegel: Preliminary Remarks on A(ny) Contemporary Reading of Hegel, Frank Ruda 6. The Biolinguistic Challenge to an Intrinsic Ontology, Norman Madarasz 7. Badiou and Hegel on Love and the Family, Jim Vernon 8. Fidelity to the Political Event: Hegel, Badiou, and the Return to the Same, Antonio Calcagno 9. Taming the Furies: Badiou and Hegel on The Eumenides, Alberto Toscano

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Pluto Press The Squatters Movement in Europe

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Book SynopsisFirst definitive guide to squatting as an alternative to capitalism, offering a unique insider's view on the movement.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction: Squatting as an Alternative to Capitalism - Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel A. Martínez 1. Squatting as a Response to Social Needs, the Housing Question and the Crisis of Capitalism - Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel A. Martínez Part I: Case Studies 2. 'The Fallow Lands of the Possible': An Enquiry into the Enacted Criticism of Capitalism in Geneva's Squats - Luca Pattaroni 3. The Right to Decent Housing and a Whole Lot More Besides: Examining the Modern English Squatters Movement - E.T.C. Dee 4. The Power of the Magic Key: The Scalability of Squatting in the Netherlands and the United States - Hans Pruijt 5. 'Ogni Sfratto Sarà una Barricata': Squatting for Housing and Social Conflict in Rome - Pierpaolo Mudu Part II: Specific Issues 6. Squats in Urban Ecosystems: Overcoming the Social and Ecological Catastrophes of the Capitalist City - Salvatore Engel Di Mauro and Claudio Cattaneo 7. Squatting and Diversity: Gender and Patriarchy in Berlin, Madrid and Barcelona - Azozomox 8. Unavoidable Dilemmas: Squatters Dealing with the Law - Miguel A. Martínez, Azozomox and Javier Gil Conclusions - Miguel A. Martínez and Claudio Cattaneo Appendix: The Story of SqEK and the Production Process of This Book - Claudio Cattaneo, Baptiste Colin and Elisabeth Lorenzi Notes on Contributors Index

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£27.99

Polity Press Liquid Modernity

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Book Synopsisaeo A major new book by one of the most original thinkers today. aeo Develops a distinctive argument about the a liquida nature of modernity. aeo Re--examines key concepts which look at the heart of orthodox accounts of the human condition, including the concepts of emancipation, individuality, work and community.Trade Review"Bauman on a bad day is still far more stimulating than most contemporary social thinkers. He is the Georg Simmel of our age, and his books and essays will be read when contemporary exponents of social arithmetic are long forgotten." Times Higher Education Supplement "Liquid Modernity is Zygmunt Bauman's term for the present condition of the world as contrasted with the 'solid' modernity that preceded it ... He is a vivid and original writer with an eye for the revealing personal experience.' Dennis Wrong, Times Literary Supplement "Zygmunt Bauman can be counted among those giants of sociology - C. Wright Mills, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber - who are bound together not by a shared ideological or disciplinary alignment, but by a profound and moral passion. I do not employ the term "moral" in the commonly used sense of "judgmental", but to describe their ability to define the spirit of the age, to ask cutting questions about society's direction, warn of dangers and perceive opportunities." Contemporary Politics "These books mark an important advance in Bauman's project. He seems to be trying to bring the intellectuals back into the game, twitting them for their passivity. Bauman wants social critics to take a more active role, taking a lead by showing how the relationships between individuals and society and between the private and public spheres may be rearticulated and the spirit of the agora restored to social and political life." British Journal of Sociology "His work is essential reading for those political theorist who feel that part of their task is to elaborate relevant and compelling normative critique." Contemporary Political Theory "Bauman lucidly depicts what others call the 'postmodern situation' a term that he painstakingly avoids, and his analysis is important for anyone interested in cultural criticism" Caterina Norlin-Brage, Religious Studies Review "One of post-modernity's great commentators." Pete Ward, Church TimesTable of ContentsForeword: On Being Light and Liquid. 1. Emancipation. 2. Individuality. 3. Time/Space. 4. Work. 5. Community. Afterthoughts: On Writing; on Writing Sociology. Notes. Index.

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£55.00

Polity Press The Abuse of Evil

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Book SynopsisSince 9/11 politicians, preachers, conservatives and the media are all speaking about evil. In the past the dicourse about evil in our religious, philosophic and literary traditions has provoked thinking, questioning and inquiry. But today the appeal to evil is being used as a political tool to obscure compex issues, block serious thinking and stifle public discussion and debate. We are now confronting a clash of mentalities, not a clash of civilisations. One mentality is drawn to absolutes, moral certainties, and simplistic dichotomies of good and evil. The other seriously questions an appeal to absolutes in politics and criticizes the simplistic division of the world into the forces of evil and the forces of good. In The Abuse of Evil Bernstein challenges the claim that without an appeal to absolutes, we lack the grounds for acting decisively in fighting our enemies. The post 9/11 abuse of evil corrupts both democratic politics and religion. The stakes are highTrade Review"A dazzling demonstration of philosophy’s public relevance." Nancy Fraser, New School for Social Research “Building on the conceptual framework advanced in his last book, Radical Evil, Bernstein argues that what defines the post 9-11 world is an abuse of evil. In the face of the pernicious moral absolutism of neo-conservatism and the religious right, Bernstein advances a pragmatic fallibilism that is consistent with both the fragility and tenacity of democracy. It is the great merit of this book to show that such a fallibilism is not only continuous with a religious world-view, but is its enabling condition. If philosophy, as Hegel insists, is its time comprehended in thought, then Bernstein gives his readers a philosophical wake-up call to think about evil in the face of so much unthinking moralism.” Simon Critchley, New School for Social ResearchTable of ContentsPreface. Introduction. 1. The Clash of Mentalities: The Craving for Absolutes versus Pragmatic Fallibilism. 2. The Anticipations and Legaices of Pragmatic Fallibilism. 3. Moral Certainty and Passionate Commitment. 4. Evil and the Corruption of Democratic Politics. 5. Evil and the Corruption of Religion. Epilogue: What is to Done?. Notes. Works Cited. Index

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Polity Press PhilosophicalPolitical Profiles

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Book Synopsis"At the hands of a minor talent, profiles are often flat, two-dimensional outlines of a thinker s intellectual physiognomy. At the hands of a master like Jurgen Habermas, they can become something far more substantial and profound.Trade Review"At the hands of a minor talent, profiles are often flat, two-dimensional outlines of a thinker’s intellectual physiognomy. At the hands of a master like Jürgen Habermas, they can become something far more substantial and profound. With astonishing economy, Habermas sketches his impressions of the giants of recent German thought, several of whom were his personal mentors. For those of his readers accustomed to the demandingly abstract level of his theoretical work, the results will prove a welcome surprise. Without sacrificing any of the rigor and brilliance of those longer studies, he displays a remarkable ability to combine depth with brevity. Philosophical-Political Profiles not only adds a new dimension to our understanding of the intellectual odyssey of Germany’s leading contemporary thinker but also provides a series of stunning insights into the thought of the generation that preceded him." Martin Jay, University of California, Berkley "With enormous sensitivity, judiciousness, and critical insight, Habermas engages in dialogue with many of the leading German-trained intellectuals of our time-including Heidegger, Jaspers, Löwith, Bloch, Adorno, Benjamin, Marcuse, Arendt, Gadamer, Scholem, and others. These essays range over the most central and vital issues of contemporary life. Whether dealing with Jewish mysticism or critiques of modernity, Habermas is always illuminating and incisive. These essays can serve as an excellent introduction to his thinking. They also help to situate his theoretical work by revealing his deepest concerns." Richard Bernstein, The New School for Social Research

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£21.53

Polity Press Citizenship

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Book SynopsisIf fundamental political categories were represented as geometric shapes, citizenship would be one of those rotating polyhedrons with reflective surfaces that together create effects of light and shade.Trade Review"Citizenship can only truly exist as insurrection. Democracy must be democratized. These are the daring propositions that Balibar, Marxism�s least pious philosopher, nails to the door of neoliberalism�s church."Bruce Robbins, Columbia University"Activists and specialists alike should read this book.......the book is a genuine contribution to radical thought."Marx and Philosophy "Balibar abjures any temptation to elementary or utopian prescriptions, instead offering a set of useful theoretical propositions for how democracy may be 'democratized' for the twenty-first century." Political Studies ReviewTable of ContentsForeword Democracy and Citizenship: An Antinomic Relationship Aequa Libertas From Social Citizenship to the Social-National State Citizenship and Exclusion The Aporia of Conflictual Democracy Neo-Liberalism and De-Democratization Democratizing Democracy

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1 in stock

£14.99

Taylor & Francis Ltd The Greek Civil War Essays on a Conflict of

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Book SynopsisHalf a century after the civil war which tore apart Greek society in the 1940s, the essays in this volume look back to examine the crisis. They combine the approaches of political and international history with the latest research into the social, economic, religious, cultural, ideological and literary aspects of the struggle. Underpinned by the use of a wide range of hitherto neglected sources, the contributions shed new light, broaden the scope of inquiry, and offer fresh analysis. Thus far, comparative approaches have not been employed in the study of the Greek Civil War. The papers here redress this imbalance and establish the not always so clear links between Greek and European historical developments in the 1940s, placing the evolution of Greek society and politics in a European context. They also highlight the complexity and interconnections of the social, economic and political cleavages that split Greek society, and provide a comprehensive and subtle understanding of the origTable of ContentsContents: Fifty years on, Philip Carabott and Thanasis D. Sfikas; Part I Comparative and international perspectives: The Greek civil war: Greek exceptionalism or mirror of a European civil war?, Martin Conway; What was the problem in Greece? A comparative and contextual view of the national problems in the Spanish, Yugoslav and Greek civil wars of 1936-49, Philip B. Minehan; The Cominform and the Greek civil war, 1947-9, Ionna Papathanasiou. Part II Politics and economics: A prime minister for all time: Themistoklis Sofoulis from premiership to opposition to premiership, 1945-9, Thanasis D. Sfikas; Struggling from abroad: Greek communist activities in France during the Greek civil war, Nicolas Manitakis; Getting Greece 'working again': the London Agreement of January 1946, Athanasios Lykogiannis. Part III Communism and the culture of anticommunism: Becoming communist: political prisoners as a subject during the Greek civil war, Polymeris Voglis; Orthodoxy in the service of anticommunism: the religious organization ZoÃ« during the Greek civil war, Vasilios N. Makrides; Social dimensions of anticommunism in northern Greece, 1945-50, Basil C. Gounaris. Part IV Testimonies and representations of the civil war: The everyday lives and silences of a national army soldier and his wife during the Greek civil war, Philip Carabott; Pyramid 67: a liminal testimony on the Greek civil war, Maria Nikolopoulou; The shadow of the Greek civil war in the poetry of Takis Sinopoulos, David Ricks; Writing silences: Manolis Anagnostakis and the Greek civil war, Liana Theodoratou. Part V Epilogue: The road to reconciliation? The Greek civil war and the politics of memory in the 1980s, David Close; Index.

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New Generation Publishing The Rational Trinity

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£23.47

AuthorHouse Revolution Number Ten A Blue Print for the NonViolent Transition of Power and Direction Within the United States of America

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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University Press of America Foundations of Civic Engagement Rethinking Social

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Book SynopsisFoundations of Civic Engagement is a comprehensive survey and reassessment of the entire field of social and political philosophy. Suitable for use as a primary text for courses on political thought, this book explores the basic arguments of the most important historical and contemporary figures and offers a thematic critique and integration of these philosophies. This dynamic book includes in-depth discussions of Ancient Greek, modern and contemporary theories of communitarianism, social contract, feminism, classical liberal rights-based approaches, African American philosophy, postmodernism, Marxism, critical theory, and theories of communicative actions (e.g. Habermas). Throughout philosophical history, there is a tension between social development of the political personas in personalist, communitarian, feminist, postmodern, and Continental thoughtand the abstract contractual principles needed for impartial justice and freedom of conscience. This chasm can be bridged to some extent by combining ideal contractualism with the tools of feminist theory, discourse ethics, and critical theory. Foundations of Civic Engagement evaluates these tensions, as well as the criticisms and response to criticism for each theory, in order to promote open dialogue, analysis, and a realistic assessment of each philosophy.Table of ContentsPart 1 Preface Chapter 2 1. Reopening Fundamental Questions Chapter 3 2. Politics and Value Theory: A Complex Relationship Chapter 4 3. Formative Concepts from Early Philosophers: Plato and Aristotle Chapter 5 4. Hobbes and the Origins of Modern Social Contract Theory Chapter 6 5. Hobbesian Difficulties and Locke's Rights-Based Approach Chapter 7 6. Social Contract Theories, Equality, and Liberty: Rousseau and Kant Chapter 8 7. The Normative Basis of Marxism Chapter 9 8. Contemporary Thinking about Justice: Rawls and Nozick Chapter 10 9. Contemporary Thinking about Justice: The Feminist Critique Chapter 11 10. Justice as if Context Mattered: Communitarian Theories of Justice Chapter 12 11. Back to Impartiality and Beyond: European Voices in the Justice Conversation Chapter 13 12. The Postmodern Riposte: Contesting Universalism Chapter 14 13. Privacy and the Public Life Part 15 References Part 16 Index Part 17 About the Authors

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University Press of America PersonCentered Politics

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Book SynopsisWhat accounts for the widespread disillusionment with politics? Person-centered Politics suggests that politics today, through its structures, processes, and institutions tends to presuppose and to impose a certain caricature of the human person that inhibits and frustrates a real sense of personal participation in an authentic common good of politics and society. In 12 chapters that touch on fundamental themes of political philosophy, Person-centered Politics proposes the social and transcendent dimensions of personal existence and their application to the renewal of politics today. The themes explore the commonly accepted assumptions of politics today and how a renewed understanding of the person can invigorate political discourse and action.In Person-centered Politics the author is in continuous dialogue with some of the major contemporary philosophers and thinkers, such as Eric Voegelin, David Walsh, Robert Sokolowski, Vaclav Havel, Pierre Mane

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£35.38

Springer Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy Second Book Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution 3 Husserliana Edmund Husserl Collected Works

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£237.49

Springer Style Politics and the Future of Philosophy

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£170.99

Springer Freedom and Rationality

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Springer Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy Second Book Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution Husserliana Edmund Husserl Collected Works 3

15 in stock

Table of ContentsSection One The Constitution of Material Nature.- one: The Idea of Nature in General.- § 1. Preliminary delineation of the concepts of nature and experience..- (Exclusion of meaning predicates).- § 2. The natural-scientific attitude as a theoretical attitude.- § 3. Analysis of the theoretical attitude, of the theoretical interest.- § 4. Theoretical acts and “pre-giving” intentional lived experiences.- § 5. Spontaneity and passivity; actuality and inactuality of consciousness.- § 6. The distinction between the transition into the theoretical attitude and the transition into reflection.- § 7. Objectivating and non-Objectivating acts and their correlates.- § 8. The sense-objects as primal constitutive objects.- § 9. Categorial and aesthetic (“sensuous”) synthesis.- § 10. Things, spatial phantoms, and the data of sensation.- § 11. Nature as sphere of mere things.- Two: The Ontic Sense-Strata of the Thing of Intuition as Such.- § 12. Material and animal nature.- § 13. The significance of extension for the structure of “things” in general and of material things in particular.- § 14. The significance of extension for the structure of animalia.- § 15. The essence of materiality (substance).- a) Phenomenological analysis of the givenness of the thing as a way toward determining the essence, “material thing.”.- b) Mobility and alterability as constituents of the material thing; the thing-schema.- c) Exhibition of the materiality of the thing by way of its dependence on circumstances.- d) The schema as real determinateness of the material thing.- e) More precise determination, redetermination, and cancellation of the thing-experience.- § 16. The constitution of the properties of the thing in multiple relations of dependency.- § 17. Materiality and substantiality.- Three: The Aestheta in Their Relation to the Aesthetic Body.- § 18. The subjectively conditioned factors of the constitution of the thing; the constitution of the Objective material thing.- a) The intuitive qualities of the material thing in their dependencies on the experiencing subject-Body.- b) The significance of normal perceptual conditions for the constitution of the intuited thing and the significance of abnormalities.- c) The significance of psychophysical conditionality for the various levels of constitution.- d) The physicalistic thing.- e) Possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” on the solipsistic level.- f) Transition from solipsistic to intersubjective experience.- g) More precise characterization of the physicalistic thing.- h) The possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” at the level of intersubjective experience.- Section Two The Constitution of Animal Nature.- § 19. Transition to the consideration of the soul as a natural Object.- § 20. The sense of the ordinary talk about the “psychic”.- § 21. The concept of “I as man”.- One: The Pure Ego.- § 22. The pure Ego as Ego-pole.- § 23. The possibility of grasping the pure Ego (the Ego-pole).- § 24. “Mutability” of the pure Ego.- § 25. Polarity of acts: Ego and Object.- § 26. Alert and dull consciousness.- § 27. “I as man” as part of the content of the environment of the pure Ego.- § 28. The real Ego constituted as transcendent Object; the pure Ego as given in immanence.- § 29. Constitution of unities within the sphere of immanence. Persistent opinions as sedimentations in the pure Ego.- Two: Psychic Reality.- § 30. The real psychic subject.- § 31. The formal-universal concept of reality.- § 32. Fundamental differences between material and psychic reality..- § 33. More precise determination of the concept of reality.- § 34. Necessity of the distinction between the naturalistic and the personalistic attitudes.- Three: The Constitution of Psychic Reality Through the Body.- § 35. Transition to the study of the constitution of “man as nature”.- § 36. Constitution of the Body as bearer of localized sensations (sensings).- § 37. Differences between the visual and tactual realms.- § 38. The Body as organ of the will and as seat of free movement.- § 39. Significance of the Body for the constitution of higher Objectivities.- § 40. More precision concerning the localization of the sensings and concerning the non-thingly properties of the Body.- § 41. Constitution of the Body as material thing in contrast to other material things.- a) The Body as center of orientation.- b) Peculiarity of the manifolds of appearance of the Body.- c) The Body as integral part of the causal nexus.- § 42. Character of the Body as constituted solipsistically.- Four: The Constitution of Psychic Reality in Empathy.- § 43. Givenness of other animalia.- § 44. Primal presence and appresence.- §45. Animalia as primally present Corporeal bodies with appresented interiority.- § 46. Significance of empathy for the constitution of the reality “I as man.”.- § 47. Empathy and the constitution of nature.- Section Three The Constitution of the Spiritual World.- § 48. Introduction.- One: Opposition Between the Naturalistic and Personalistic Worlds.- § 49. The personalistic attitude versus the naturalistic.- a) Introjection of the soul as presupposition even for the naturalistic attitude.- b) Localization of the psychic.- c) Temporalization of the psychic. (Immanent time and space-time).- d) Reflection on method.- e) The naturalistic attitude and the natural attitude.- § 50. The person as center of a surrounding world.- §51. The person in personal associations.- § 52. Subjective manifolds of appearance and Objective things.- § 53. The relationship between the consideration of nature and the consideration of the spirit.- Two: Motivation as the Fundamental Law of the Spiritual World.- § 54. The Ego in the inspectio sui.- § 55. The spiritual Ego in its comportment toward the surrounding world.- § 56. Motivation as the fundamental lawfulness of spiritual life.- a) Motivation of reason.- b) Association as motivation.- c) Association and experiential motivation.- d) Motivation in its noetic and noematic aspects.- e) Empathy toward other persons as an understanding of their motivations.- f) Natural causality and motivation.- g) Relations between subjects and things from the viewpoint of causality and of motivation.- h) Body and spirit as comprehensive unity: “spiritualized” Objects.- § 57. Pure Ego and personal Ego as Object of reflexive self-apperception.- § 58. The constitution of the personal Ego prior to reflection.- § 59. The Ego as subject of faculties.- § 60. The person as subject of acts of reason, as “free Ego”.- a) The “I can” as practical possibility, as neutrality modification of practical acts, and as original consciousness of abilities.- b) The “I can” motivated in the person’s knowledge of himself Self-apperception and self-understanding.- c) The influence of others and the freedom of the person.- d) General type and individual type in understanding persons.- § 61. The spiritual Ego and its underlying basis.- Three: The Onto logical Priority of the Spiritual World over the Naturalistic.- § 62. The interlocking of the personalistic attitude and the naturalistic attitude.- § 63. Psychophysical parallelism and interaction.- §64. Relativity of nature, absoluteness of spirit.- Supplements.- Supplement I: Attempt at a step-wise description of constitution.- Supplement II: The Ego as pole and the Ego of habitualities.- Supplement III: The localization of the ear noises in the ear.- Supplement IV: Sketch of an introduction to “The constitution of the spiritual world.”.- Supplement V: The pregivennesses of the spirit in spiritual life.- Supplement VI: Inspectio sui (“I do” and “I have”).- Supplement VII: The Ego and its “over-and-against.”.- Supplement VIII: On the unity of “Body” and “spirit”.- Supplement IX: Spiritual products.- Supplement X: Personal Ego and surrounding world (333)—The levels of the constitution of Objective reality (336)— Pure Ego and personal Ego (337).- Supplement XI: The human being apprehended in an inductive-natural way and the free person.- Supplement XII: Supplements to Section Three.- I. The Person—The Spirit and Its Psychic Basis.- § 1. The distinction between primal sensibility and intellectusAgens.- § 2. Sensibility as the psychic basis of the spirit.- Excursus: impression and reproduction.- § 3. Development of the Ego—Ego-action and Ego-affection.- II. Subjectivity as Soul and as Spirit in the Attitude of the Natural Sciences and in the Attitude of the Human Sciences.- § 1. The reality of the soul and of the human being.- § 2. Psychophysical causality and the causal nexus of things.- § 3. Possibility of the insertion of the soul into nature.- § 4. The human being as spiritual subject.- § 5. Empathy as spiritual (not naturalistic) relation between subjects.- § 6. Spiritual Ego and psychological Ego.—Constitution of the Ego as self-apperception.- § 7. Subjects considered as nature and as spirit.- § 8. Distinction between a psychological and a psychophysical analysis.- § 9. Stream of consciousness, lived experience, and intentional correlates as nexuses of psychic life.- § 10. The spiritual considered psychologically and the question of its “explanation.”—Two concepts of nature.- § 11. The human sciences posit subjectivity as absolute. —“Inner” and “outer” experience.- § 12. Nature in the human-scientific attitude.—The human-scientific and the phenomenological attitude.- Supplement XIII: “Personal subjectivity” as theoretical theme,.- Supplement XIV: Human-scientific attitude—Natural science incorporated into the human-scientific attitude.—Mere nature as surrounding world (389)—The various types of intuitive causality (390)—Abstract-scientific investigations (391)—Natural science within human science (392)—The concept of Objectivity (398).- Epilogue.

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