Second World War Books

Book SynopsisThe new edition of this market-leading textbook includes a revised introduction and updated chapters with new research and insights. Four new case studies of twenty-first-century genocides bring this horrific history up to the present moment: the genocide perpetrated by the government during Argentina’s Dirty War, the genocide of the Yazidis by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), genocidal violence against the Rohingya in Myanmar, and China’s genocide of the Uyghurs. Powerful survivor testimonies bring the essays to life and help readers grapple with the difficult lessons presented throughout the book.Table of ContentsDedication Acknowledgements Introduction Samuel Totten 1. The Genocide of California’s Yana Indians Benjamin Madley 2. Genocide of the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, 1904–1907 Dominik J. Schaller 3. The Armenian Genocide Rouben P. Adalian 4. Soviet Manmade Famine in Ukraine James Mace 5. The Holocaust: Jews, Gypsies, and the Handicapped Donald L. Niewyk 6. Genocide in Bangladesh Rounaq Jahan 7. Genocide in Cambodia Craig Etcheson 8. The Genocide Perpetrated by the Government of Argentina (1976–1983) Natasha Zaretsky 9. Guatemala: Acts of Genocide, Scorched-Earth Counterinsurgency War, and the Long Search for Justice Susanne Jonas 10. The Anfal Operations in Iraqi Kurdistan Michiel Leezenberg 11. The 1994 Genocide in Rwanda Gerald Caplan 12. Genocidal Violence in the Former Yugoslavia: Bosnia Herzegovina Martin Mennecke 13. The Darfur Genocide Samuel Totten 14. ISIS’s Genocide of the Yazidis Samuel Totten 15. Genocidal Violence against the Rohingya in Myanmar Ken MacLean 16. China’s Genocide of the Uyghurs Samuel Totten Afterword Samuel Totten Appendices Appendix I. The UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide Appendix II. List of Crimes against Humanity Appendix III. Summary of the Concept of the Responsibility to Protect Appendix IV. A Select List of Films about Individual Genocides Appendix V. Table of Contents of Earlier Editions of Century of Genocide and Centuries of Genocide Index

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Book SynopsisPrison Elite depicts the life of a VIP prisoner in the Nazi concentration camp system, providing a first-hand account of his mental life and coping strategies.Trade Review"Rummel brilliantly describes and analyzes how Schuschnigg attempted to cope psychologically with his personal plight and to explain to himself why he had failed as chancellor." -- Evan B. Bukey, University of Arkansas, emeritus * Central European History *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. In Isolation: Living under the Enemy’s Eye 2. The Sachsenhausen Household: Living en famille 3. The Comfort of Religion 4. The Consolation of Books 5. Music to His Ears 6. The Use of Wit 7. Cherishing Memories 8. Schuschnigg’s Political Reminiscences Conclusion Appendix Bibliography

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Book SynopsisAfter the Anschluss (annexation) in 1938, the Nazis forced Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg to resign and kept him imprisoned for seven years, until his rescue by the Allies in 1945. Schuschnigg’s privileged position within the concentration camp system allowed him to keep a diary and to write letters which were smuggled out to family members. Drawing on these records, Prison Elite paints a picture of a little-known aspect of concentration camp history: the life of a VIP prisoner. Schuschnigg, who was a devout Catholic, presents his memoirs as a confession, expecting absolution for any political missteps and, more specifically, for his dictatorial regime in the 1930s. As Erika Rummel reveals in fascinating detail, his autobiographical writings are frequently unreliable. Prison Elite describes the strategies Schuschnigg used to survive his captivity emotionally and intellectually. Religion, memory of better days, friendship, books and musTrade Review"Rummel brilliantly describes and analyzes how Schuschnigg attempted to cope psychologically with his personal plight and to explain to himself why he had failed as chancellor." -- Evan B. Bukey, University of Arkansas, emeritus * Central European History *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. In Isolation: Living under the Enemy’s Eye 2. The Sachsenhausen Household: Living en famille 3. The Comfort of Religion 4. The Consolation of Books 5. Music to His Ears 6. The Use of Wit 7. Cherishing Memories 8. Schuschnigg’s Political Reminiscences Conclusion Appendix Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe Second World War was filled with many terrible crimes, such as genocide, forced migration and labour, human-made famine, forced sterilizations, and dispossession, that occurred on an unprecedented scale. Authenticity and Victimhood after the Second World War examines victim groups constructed in the twentieth century in the aftermath of these experiences. The collection explores the concept of authenticity through an examination of victims’ histories and the construction of victimhood in Europe and East Asia. Chapters consider how notions of historical authenticity influence the self-identification and public recognition of a given social group, the tensions arising from individual and group experiences of victimhood, and the resulting, sometimes divergent, interpretation of historical events. Drawing from case studies on topics including the Holocaust, the siege of Leningrad, American air raids on Japan, and forced migrations from Eastern Europe, Table of ContentsIntroduction: Authenticity and Victimhood after the Second World War Randall Hansen, Achim Saupe, Andreas Wirsching, and Daqing Yang Part One: Methodological and Theoretical Approaches 1. From Hero’s Death to Suffering Victim? Reflections on the “Post-Heroic” Culture of Memory Andreas Wirsching 2. Victim Identities in the Public Sphere: Patterns of Shaping, Ranking, and Reassessment Michael Schwartz Part Two: Victims of Genocide and Massacres 3. Eastern European Shoah Victims and the Problem of Group Identity Ingo Loose 4. History on Trial before the Social Welfare Courts: Holocaust Survivors, German Judges, and the Struggle for “Ghetto Pensions” Jürgen Zarusky 5. Construction of Victimhood in Contemporary China: Toward a Post-Heroic Representation of History? Daqing Yang 6. “The Death of Manila” in World War II and Its Postwar Commemoration Satoshi Nakano Part Three: War Victims 7. Air Raid Victims in Japan’s Collective Remembrance of War James Orr 8. Between Memory and Policy: How Societies of Leningrad Siege Survivors Remember the War Tatiana Voronina 9. Victims or Perpetrators or Both? How History Textbooks and History Teachers in Post-Soviet Lithuania Remember Postwar Partisans Barbara Christophe Part Four: Victims of Forced Migration and Deportations 10. In Search of a Usable Memory: Politics of History and the Commemoration Day for German Forced Migrants after World War II Mathias Beer 11. Of Italian Perpetrators and Victims: Forced Migration in the Italian-Yugoslavian Border Region (1922–54) Tobias Hof 12. Defiant Victims: The Deportation of the Chechens and the Memory of Stalinism in the Soviet Union and Russia Moritz Florin 13. East Asian Victimhood Goes to Paris: A Consideration of WWII-Related Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Nominations to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Project Lori Watt

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Book SynopsisRecognized as one of the leading philosophers and Jewish thinkers of the twentieth century, Emil Ludwig Fackenheim has been widely praised for his boldness, originality, and profundity. As is well-known, a striking feature of Fackenheim’s thought is his unwavering contention that the Holocaust brought about a radical shift in human history, so monumental and unprecedented that nothing can ever be the same again. Fackenheim regarded it as the specific duty of thinkers and scholars to assume responsibility to probe this historical event for its impact on the human future and to make its immense ramifications evident. In Emil Fackenheim’s Post-Holocaust Thought and Its Philosophical Sources, scholars consider important figures in the history of philosophy including Kant, Hegel, Heidegger, and Strauss and trace how Fackenheim''s philosophical confrontations with each of them shaped his overall thought. This collection details which philosophers exercised thTable of ContentsIntroduction Abbreviations 1. Emil Fackenheim on Moses Maimonides and the “One Great Difference between the Medievals and the Moderns” Benjamin Lorch, Michigan State University 2. Emil Fackenheim’s Jewish Correction of Kant’s Quasi-Christian Eschatology Martin D. Yaffe, University of North Texas 3. The Meaning of History: Knowledge of Good and Evil in Hegel and Fackenheim Paul Wilford, Boston College 4. Strategies of Jewish Hegelianism: Emil Fackenheim and Samuel Hirsch Martin Kavka, Florida State University 5. Can Philosophy Be Positive? The Place of Schelling in the Thought of Emil Fackenheim Jeffrey A. Bernstein, College of the Holy Cross 6. Emil Fackenheim’s Way from Presence to History: Its Grounding in a Critique of Rosenzweig on Revelation Kenneth Hart Green, University of Toronto 7. Fackenheim and Buber on Revelation: Re-evaluating the Existential and Historical Turn Away from Philosophy Steven Kepnes, Colgate University 8. To Captivate the Jewish Thinker: Fackenheim’s Ontological Encounter with Heidegger Waller R. Newell, Carleton University 9. Philosophy in the Age of Auschwitz: Emil Fackenheim and Leo Strauss Kenneth C. Blanchard, Jr., Northern University 10. Wiesel and Fackenheim: Philosophy and the Problem of Persecution Sharon Portnoff, Connecticut College Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisWhen the Nazis came to power, they used various strategies to expel German Jews from social, cultural, and economic life. Fighter, Worker, and Family Man focuses on the gendered experiences and discrimination that German-Jewish men faced between 1933 and 1941. Sebastian Huebel argues that Jewish men’s gender identities, intersecting with categories of ethnicity, race, class, and age, underwent a profound process of marginalization that destabilized accustomed ways of performing masculinity. At the same time, in their attempts to sustain their conceptions of masculinity these men maintained agency and developed coping strategies that prevented their full-scale emasculation. Huebel draws on a rich archive of diaries, letters, and autobiographies to interpret the experiences of these men, focusing on their roles as soldiers and protectors, professionals and breadwinners, and parents and husbands. Fighter, Worker, and Family Man sheds light on how the Trade Review"Huebel shares the hope that a study of the erosion of Jewish male masculinity under Nazism can ‘sharpen our understanding of contemporary issues related to gender.’" -- Graham Forst * Jewish Independent *"This is a story of the gradual adaptations German Jewish men and their families made in the face of increasing legal restrictions, defamation, and violence. Huebel tells it very well. This is crucial reading." -- M. A. Mengerink, Lamar University * CHOICE *"Huebel’s book invites us to further investigate the history of masculinities in the Third Reich. It will not only enrich historiographical debates about this period, but also enliven discussion in the classroom." -- Javier Samper Vendrell, University of Pennsylvania * Monatshefte *“Huebel, without losing sight of Nazi power, invites us to change our perspective and see how many men, despite the hardships they had to face, were still able to retain their humanity and express their own agency. Fighter, Worker, and Family Man is a book about resistance, revealing how many German-Jewish men were able to find ways to fight against a system that wanted to humiliate, dehumanize, and ultimately kill them.” -- Alessia Ponzio, University of Saskatchewan * Central European History *Table of ContentsList of Figures Image and Photo Credits List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. Un-soldierly Men? German Jews and Military Masculinity 2. The Question of Race and Sex: Jewish Men and Racial Defilement 3. Jewish Masculinity and the Importance of Work 4. Jewish Husbands and Fathers in the Third Reich 5. Outside the KZ: Jewish Masculinities and the Arrival of Violence 6. Inside the KZ: Jewish Masculinities in Prewar Nazi Concentration Camps Conclusion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisEnsnared between Hitler and Stalin examines the lives of the scientists and scholars who sought refuge in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.Table of ContentsList of Images Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Scholars and Scientists 2. German Scientists in the Soviet Union before Hitler 3. Scientists and Communists 4. Scientists in Flight to the Soviet Union 5. Living in Stalin’s Soviet Union 6. Refugee Scholarship in the Soviet Union 7. The Great Terror 8. Into Stalin’s Frying Pan 9. From Stalin’s Frying Pan into Hitler’s Fire 10. From the Great Terror to the Shoah 11. Survival and Triumph 12. The Ensnared in the Cold War 13. The Long Ordeal Conclusion: The Ensnared and History Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Royal Canadian Navy is best known for its role in the defence of convoys against attacks by U-boats, particularly those in the mid-Atlantic from 1941--1943. Marc Milner's 1985 book, North Atlantic Run: The Royal Canadian Navy and the Battle for the Convoys, was the first scholarly analysis of those crucial defensive operations. The U-Boat Hunters takes up the story for the last two years of the war, when the measurement of operational effectiveness at sea shifted from success in defending convoys to the ability to hunt down and sink U-Boats. The U-Boat Hunters begins with a thorough re-evaluation of the RCN's role in the decisive Allied Atlantic victory over the U-boats in 1943. It presents some startling new conclusions about why the Canadians were marginalized in this the greatest of all anti-submarine offensives. Most studies of the Atlantic war end at this point, but 1943 is just the prologue to Milner's new book. Historians have ignored anti-subm

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Book Synopsis2024 Southwest Book of the Year On July 16, 1945, just weeks before the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that brought about the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II, the United States unleashed the world’s first atomic bomb at the Trinity testing site located in the remote Tularosa Valley in south-central New Mexico. Immensely more powerful than any weapon the world had seen, the bomb’s effects on the surrounding and downwind communities of plants, animals, birds, and humans have lasted decades. In The First Atomic Bomb Janet Farrell Brodie explores the history of the Trinity test and those whose contributions have rarely, if ever, been discussed—the men and women who constructed, served, and witnessed the first test—as well as the downwinders who suffered the consequences of the radiation. Concentrating on these ordinary people, laborers, ranchers, and Indigenous peoples who lived in the region and participated iTrade Review"Methodically researched and expertly written, this book is a welcome addition to the historiography of the atomic bomb and its use."—J. Bourboun, Choice“From the economics of eminent domain to the politics of historic preservation, environmental despoliation, and public health, Janet Farrell Brodie’s deeply researched, thoroughly compelling, and powerfully human history of the Trinity site should be read by everyone interested in the American West and the nuclear age.”—David M. Wrobel, author of America’s West: A History, 1890–1950“Janet Farrell Brodie deftly weaves a ‘bottom up’ narrative into what is largely seen as a ‘top-down,’ tightly controlled military history. Her correct framing of Trinity as the first atomic experience reminds the reader of the intersection between local and global histories. . . . Clear, engaging, and substantive.”—Natale A. Zappia, author of Raiders and Traders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Trinity Test 2. Dispossessions 3. Building the Test Site 4. Post-Test Events at the Trinity Site, 1946–67 5. The Army, the Air Force, the Navy, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Trinity Site 6. The Trinity Radiation and Its Afterlives 7. Historical Preservation of the Trinity Site Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe history of American youth depends primarily on adult reminiscences of their own childhoods, adult testimony to the lives of youth around them, or surmises based on at best a few creative artifacts. Michael Kugler reproduces the never-before-published comics of his father’s adolescent imagination as a microhistory of American youth.

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Book SynopsisIn Resurrecting Nagasaki, Chad R. Diehl explores the genesis of narratives surrounding the atomic bombing of August 9, 1945, by following the individuals and groups who contributed to the shaping of Nagasaki City''s postwar identity. Municipal officials, survivor-activist groups, the Catholic community, and American occupation officials all interpreted the destruction and reconstruction of the city from different, sometimes disparate perspectives. Diehl''s analysis reveals how these atomic narratives shaped both the way Nagasaki rebuilt and the ways in which popular discourse on the atomic bombings framed the city''s experience for decades.Trade ReviewResurrecting Nagasaki deserves to be read as a foundational work on the post-atomic history of Nagasaki. * Pacific Historical Review *The book makes a significant contribution to the understudied history of Nagasaki. Resurrecting Nagasaki is an important book for anyone who is interested in nuclear history, US Japan relations, US public diplomacy, and urban studies. * Japanese Studies *A nicely written monograph—also the first in English, as it turns out—on Nagasaki the bombed, Nagasaki the resurrected, and Nagasaki the mirror image of its ghastly twinned counterpart, Hiroshima. * Kirk Center *Resurrecting Nagasaki is the first scholarly work in English on the history of Nagasaki after the atomic bombing on 9 August 1945. Chad Diehl's book is therefore a welcome first work on the topic, one that can extend the frontiers of our understanding about how people have struggled to deal with the aftermath of unprecedented devastation. It should serve as a valuable springboard for further explorations into the history of postatomic Nagasaki. * Monumenta Nipponica *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Envisioning Nagasaki 2. Coexisting in the Valley of Death 3. The "Saint" of Urakami 4. Writing Nagasaki 5. Walls of Silence 6. Ruins of Memory Conclusion Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThe Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere offers a lucid, dynamic, and highly readable history of Japan''s attempt to usher in a new order in Asia during World War II.? Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture ReviewIn The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Jeremy A. Yellen exposes the history, politics, and intrigue that characterized the era when Japan''s total empire met the total war of World War II. He illuminates the ways in which the imperial center and its individual colonies understood the concept of the Sphere, offering two sometimes competing, sometimes complementary, and always intertwined visions—one from Japan, the other from Burma and the Philippines.Yellen argues that, from 1940 to 1945, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere epitomized two concurrent wars for Asia''s future: the first was for a new type of empire in Asia, and the second was a political war, waged by nationalisTrade ReviewThe author's insights, based on extensive research, add depth to understanding of Japan's wartime decision-making process while also correcting misreadings of the role played by its erstwhile collaborators in Burma and the Philippines * Choice *No English-language monographs have [yet] explored the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere—Japan's wartime effort to impose a new regional order—from the vantage point of Japanese high policy. Jeremy Yellen has admirably filled this gap, offering innovative insights into Japan's abortive effort to redefine the international relations of East and Southeast Asia from the late 1930s to 1945. * Global Asia *Yellen offers a useful examination of the changing and contested meaning of Japan's proclaimed 'Co-Prosperity Sphere.' [His] work helps inform about an important but opaque aspect of World War II history that influenced the receding of Asian empires after that war. * Journal of Military History *The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere is in fact a truly timely addition to the historiography of modern Japan in general and a fundamental contribution to the study of the Japanese wartime experience. * The Japan Society *In this outstanding new study of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Jeremy Yellen challenges the longstanding view that the Sphere was little more than a facade for Japan's predatory imperialism and that Asian leaders who collaborated with Japan were traitors to their countries. [E]ssential reading for anyone interested in the inner workings of the Japanese empire and its enduring legacy in Southeast Asia. * Pacific Historical Review *We had to wait forty-four years, but Yellen's The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: When Total Empire Met Total War was worth the wait. In his masterful account regarding the Co-Prosperity Sphere, Yellen argues that it was nothing more than 'a failed dream'—an incoherent vision that was contested and an idea that never coalesced into a coherent policy that could be enacted. * Journal of Asian Studies *The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere offers a lucid, dynamic, and highly readable history of Japan's attempt to usher in a new order in Asia during World War II. * Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review *With his excellent command of Japanese and use of rich Japanese sources, Yellen reveals the ambivalence evident in Japan's policy making and implementation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. * Southeast Asian Studies *Yellen's study is a welcome step toward a fuller understanding of GEACPS led by international scholars on a truly global basis. * Pacific Affairs *Yellen describes in his deep empirical analysis, showing mastery of the archival record in Japan and the long stretch of Japanese secondary scholarship, how Japan was attempting to shape its own new world order. The delicious banquet that [he] serves up is the complex and at times completely incongruous definition of the sphere. * Journal of Japanese Studies *

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Book SynopsisIn Thomas Mann''s War, Tobias Boes traces how the acclaimed and bestselling author became one of America''s most prominent anti-fascists and the spokesperson for a German cultural ideal that Nazism had perverted.Thomas Mann, winner of the 1929 Nobel Prize in literature and author of such world-renowned novels as Buddenbrooks and The Magic Mountain, began his self-imposed exile in the United States in 1938, having fled his native Germany in the wake of Nazi persecution and public burnings of his books. Mann embraced his role as a public intellectual, deftly using his literary reputation and his connections in an increasingly global publishing industry to refute Nazi propaganda. As Boes shows, Mann undertook successful lecture tours of the country and penned widely-read articles that alerted US audiences and readers to the dangers of complacency in the face of Nazism''s existential threat. Spanning four decades, from the eve of World WaTrade ReviewBoes's exhaustive, meticulous survey should come to represent an exemplar for scholarship seeking to document the lasting significance of an author's work. * Publishers Weekly *Boes's superb account is based on extensive archival research, including Mann's personal letters, as well as keen assessments of his novels. * The National Interest *Thomas Mann's War is important and timely. It is a reminder that literature is one of the first things to come under attack when authoritarianism takes hold, something for which there is ample evidence in our present moment, from China to Russia, from Turkey to Saudi Arabia. * The Wall Street Journal *Table of ContentsIntroduction: For the Sake of Survival 1. Luddism 2. Communion 3. Cyberculture 4. Distortion 5. Revolutionary Suicide 6. Liberation Technology 7. Thanatopography Conclusion: American Carnage and Technologies of Tomorrow Acknowledgments Notes Works Cited Permissions Index

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Book SynopsisWhat happened to veterans of the nations involved in the world wars? How did they fare when they returned home and needed benefits? How were they recognizedor notby their governments and fellow citizens? Where and under what circumstances did they obtain an elevated postwar status?In this sophisticated comparative history of government policies regarding veterans, Martin Crotty, Neil J. Diamant, and Mark Edele examine veterans'' struggles for entitlements and benefits in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Taiwan, the Soviet Union, China, Germany, and Australia after both global conflicts. They illuminate how veterans'' success or failure in winning benefits were affected by a range of factors that shaped their ability to exert political influence. Some veterans'' groups fought politicians for improvements to their postwar lives; this lobbying, the authors show, could set the foundation for beneficial veteran treatment regimes or weaken the political forces proposinTrade ReviewThis insightful text contains fascinating discussions of various forms of power (or lack thereof) wielded by veterans during immediate and later postwar efforts in both victorious and defeated countries following different conflicts in the 20th century. An astute work. Highly recommended. * Choice *The writing is by turn learned, acerbic, impressively lucid. The authors have produced a clear and compelling argument, and they are to be applauded for staring down the challenges of interdisciplinarity and tackling such an enormous topic with confidence. * Australian Book Review *This book gives inspiring leads for anyone working on veterans. * Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies *By providing historians with the theoretical framework necessary to make sense of a diverse range of accounts, and by connecting their scholarship with the larger social science literature on welfare and social movements, this groundbreaking work will make it easier for scholars interested in veterans both to form a more coherent subfield and to make a compelling case for the broader relevance of their work. * Journal of Military History *The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century is a relevant, informative, and accessible book with insights relevant for academics working in various disciplines – namely, history, political science, and sociology – as well as for politicians, practitioners, activists, veterans, veterans' organizations, and the public. * International Sociology Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Veterans in Comparative Perspective 1. Victors Victorious 2. Victors Defeated 3. Benefits for the Vanquished 4. The Politically Weak 5. The Politically Powerful Conclusion: Veterans Past, Present, and Future

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewKatarzyna Person's text is a multifaceted and rich explanation of the Jewish community's condemnation of the Ordnungsdienst that leaves room for the acknowledgment that ghetto policemen, like Poland's Jewish community more broadly, had few if any better options in the face of the Holocaust. Paired with a wealth of haunting photographs of the policemen at work in 1941, this short volume performs an essential service in expanding the English-language conversation on Jewish community life during the Holocaust and on the complexity of the perpetration landscape in Nazi-occupied Poland. * H-Net *At almost every turn in the story presented here, Person provides eyewitness accounts by Warsaw ghetto Jews. Warsaw Ghetto Police is also an emotionally and psychologically difficult book to read for anyone who is accustomed to seeing Jews exclusively as victims during the Holocaust. * Austrian History Yearbook *Person has written what should become the definitive study of the Jewish Order Police during the Nazi occupation of Warsaw. Highly recommended. * Choice *Person's Warsaw Ghetto Police should be a staple read for courses in Holocaust history. Not only is the work an impeccable example of historical scholarship—meticulously researched and organized—but it also precisely articulates significant historical themes surrounding the Holocaust, such as responsibility, collaboration, memory, choice, and justice. * H- Net (H-Diplo) *Warsaw Ghetto Police offers a fascinating in-depth study of the Ordnungsdienst (Jewish Order Service), one of the most notorious organizations in Nazi-occupied Warsaw. [T]he book should serve as a model for historical scholarship of Jewish police activities in smaller ghettos in years to come. * Middle Ground Journal *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Establishment of the Jewish Order Service 2. Organization and Objectives of the Service 3. Violence and Corruption in the Exercise of Daily Duties 4. Police in the Eyes of the Ghetto Population 5. Policemen's Voices 6. Response to Violence 7. Spring 1942 8. Umschlagplatz 9. After Resettlement 10. The Courts Conclusion

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA valuable book for educators and game designers. * The NYMAS Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. From Game to Simulation 2. Roles 3. Rules 4. Requirements 5. Room 6. The A.I. 7. Under the Hood 8. Simulations for an Afternoon 9. Can You Beat Churchill?

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Book SynopsisIn Prevail until the Bitter End, Alexandra Lohse explores the gossip and innuendo, the dissonant reactions and perceptions of Germans to the violent dissolution of the Third Reich. Mobilized for total war, soldiers and citizens alike experienced an unprecedented convergence of military, economic, social, and political crises. But even in retreat, the militarized national community unleashed ferocious energies, staving off defeat for over two years and continuing a systematic murder campaign against European Jews and others. Was its faith in the Führer never shaken by the prospect of ultimate defeat?Lohse uncovers how Germans experienced life and death, investigates how mounting emergency conditions affected their understanding of the nature and purpose of the conflagration, and shows how these factors influenced the people''s relationship with the Nazi regime. She draws on Nazi morale and censorship reports, features citizens'' private letters and Trade ReviewAlexandra Lohse provides a salutary analysis of how German soldiers and civilians dealt with bad news in the second half of World War II. * Michigan War Studies Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The World at War 1. Stalingrad: The Right to Believe in Victory 2. Mobilizing the National Community: Do You Want Total War? 3. Genocide and Mass Atrocities: A Page Never to Be Written 4. Enemies Within and Without: A Sign of Providence 5. Dissolution: History Is the Arbiter Conclusion: Understanding What National Socialism Is

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Book SynopsisHow do states and societies confront the legacies of war and occupation, and what do truth, guilt, and justice mean in that process? In Ghosts of War, Franziska Exeler examines people''s wartime choices and their aftermath in Belarus, a war-ravaged Soviet republic that was under Nazi occupation during the Second World War.After the Red Army reestablished control over Belarus, one question shaped encounters between the returning Soviet authorities and those who had lived under Nazi rule, between soldiers and family members, reevacuees and colleagues, Holocaust survivors and their neighbors: What did you do during the war?Ghosts of War analyzes the prosecution and punishment of Soviet citizens accused of wartime collaboration with the Nazis and shows how individuals sought justice, revenge, or assistance from neighbors and courts. The book uncovers the many absences, silences, and conflicts that were never resolved, as well as the truths that could oTrade ReviewGhosts of War is a major achievement and should lend itself to wide use in classrooms and by researchers. It is poised to become standard reading for anyone interested in the Soviet postwar period. * The Russian Review *Overall, Exeler provides a multifaceted and well-narrated overview of Belarusian society during World War II and its aftermath * Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs *Ghosts of War is a well-researched and impressive work that deserves extensive attention. * Journal of European Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Truth, Guilt, and Justice in an Illiberal State 1. Contested Space: An East European Borderland before 1941 2. At the Heart of Darkness: Wartime Choices, 1941–1944 3. Post-1944: The Moment of Return 4. Determining Guilt: The Soviet Politics of Retribution 5. Loss, Grief, and Reckonings: Personal Responses to the Ghosts of War 6. Belarus, the Partisan Republic: Narrating the Years of War and Occupation Afterword Note on Wartime Losses

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Book SynopsisHolding Their Breath uncovers just how close Britain, the United States, and Canada came to crossing the red line that restrained chemical weapon use during World War II. Unlike in World War I, belligerents did not release poison gas regularly during the Second World War. Yet, the looming threat of chemical warfare significantly affected the actions and attitudes of these three nations as they prepared their populations for war, mediated their diplomatic and military alliances, and attempted to defend their national identities and sovereignty.The story of chemical weapons and World War II begins in the interwar period as politicians and citizens alike advocated to ban, to resist, and eventually to prepare for gas use in the next war. M. Girard Dorsey reveals, through extensive research in multinational archives and historical literature, that although poison gas was rarely released on the battlefield in World War II, experts as well as lay people dedicateTrade ReviewM. Girard Dorsey reminds us that this odious weapon has been around for a long time, and will always be there in the background. Still, under the planning, cooperation, and care of the international community, we can sigh in relief that the use of gassing, at least in a major war, may now reside in the dustbin of history. At least we can hope. * Metascience *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Where the Story of Chemical Warfare and World War II Began 1. Chain, Tool, Shield: The Role of an International Treaty in Chemical Weapons Arms Control before World War II 2. Is There Any Hope? Defensive Preparations against the Dreaded and Expected Gas War 3. The Sole Exception to the Rule: There Will Be No Chemical Conflicts, but Just in Case... 4. The Limits of Friendship: The Influence of Chemical Weapons on Alliances as World War II Expanded 5. Rolling the Dice: Risking Gas Warfare in Europe 6. Critical Timing: The Increasing Likelihood of Chemical Warfare in the Pacific Epilogue: "I Am Fear": Legacies of Silent Chemical Warfare

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Book SynopsisAmong the fiercest opponents of the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II was journalist James "Jimmie" Matsumoto Omura. In his sharp-penned columns, Omura fearlessly called out leaders in the Nikkei community for what he saw as their complicity with the U.S. government's unjust and unconstitutional policies—particularly the federal decision to draft imprisoned Nisei into the military without first restoring their lost citizenship rights. In 1944, Omura was pushed out of his editorship of the Japanese American newspaper Rocky Shimpo, indicted, arrested, jailed, and forced to stand trial for unlawful conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet violations of the military draft. He was among the first Nikkei to seek governmental redress and reparations for wartime violations of civil liberties and human rights. In this memoir, which he began writing towards the end of his life, Omura provides a vivid account of his early years: his boyhood on Bainbridge Island; summers spent working in the salmon canneries of Alaska; riding the rails in search of work during the Great Depression; honing his skills as a journalist in Los Angeles and San Francisco. By the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Omura had already developed a reputation as one of the Japanese American Citizens League's most adamant critics, and when the JACL leadership acquiesced to the mass incarceration of American-born Japanese, he refused to remain silent, at great personal and professional cost. Shunned by the Nikkei community and excluded from the standard narrative of Japanese American wartime incarceration until later in life, Omura seeks in this memoir to correct the "cockeyed history to which Japanese America has been exposed." Edited and with an introduction by historian Arthur A. Hansen, and with contributions from Asian American activists and writers Frank Chin, Yosh Kuromiya, and Frank Abe, Nisei Naysayer provides an essential, firsthand account of Japanese American wartime resistance. Trade Review"Nisei Naysayer is an essential and eagerly-awaited account of Japanese America's resistance in American-style concentration camps during World War II.Offering new insight into Omura's controversial sedition trial, Nisei Naysayer reveals the depth of Omura's commitment to constitutionalism and freedom of the press. Expertly annotated by Art Hansen, this unique exposition will be invaluable for students and scholars alike."—Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, University of California, Los Angeles, and author of Japanese American Resettlement through the Lens: Hikaru Iwasaki and the WRA's Photographic Section, 1943-1945"James Omura was a truth-teller silenced in his own time. His legal and moral opposition to the wartime treatment of Japanese Americans was too much for both the US government and the Japanese American Citizens League, and they shut him down. Seventy-five years later, the silence is broken with the publication of Omura's memoir, Nisei Naysayer. Scrupulously edited and annotated by Arthur A. Hansen, this memoir reminds us what a courageous voice of resistance sounds like."—Eric Muller, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"Contrarian Jimmie Omura altered history and the writing of history, as evidenced in this superbly edited memoir. His life righted the wrongs of civil liberties denied and the errors of accommodationist histories."—Gary Y. Okihiro, author of American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders"Impeccably edited by Arthur Hansen, this memoir by the dedicated American patriot Jimmie Omura spans his early life through the end of World War II, revealing the rebuke and ostracism he endured, and the courage he exhibited in his search for justice. Omura's moral compass and well-articulated, incisive critiques are a wellspring of inspiration."—Eileen H. Tamura, author of In Defense of Justice: Joseph Kurihara and the Japanese American Struggle for EqualityTable of Contents1. Bainbridge Island Beginnings, 1912–1923 2. Pacific Northwest Coming of Age, 1923–1933 3. Dateline California, 1933–1940 4. Showdown in San Francisco, 1940–1942 5. Denver Disputes and Concentration Camp Dissent, 1942–1944 6. Rocky Mountain Resistance, 1944 7. Down and Out in Denver, 1944–1945

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Book SynopsisAmong the fiercest opponents of the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II was journalist James "Jimmie" Matsumoto Omura. In his sharp-penned columns, Omura fearlessly called out leaders in the Nikkei community for what he saw as their complicity with the U.S. government's unjust and unconstitutional policies—particularly the federal decision to draft imprisoned Nisei into the military without first restoring their lost citizenship rights. In 1944, Omura was pushed out of his editorship of the Japanese American newspaper Rocky Shimpo, indicted, arrested, jailed, and forced to stand trial for unlawful conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet violations of the military draft. He was among the first Nikkei to seek governmental redress and reparations for wartime violations of civil liberties and human rights. In this memoir, which he began writing towards the end of his life, Omura provides a vivid account of his early years: his boyhood on Bainbridge Island; summers spent working in the salmon canneries of Alaska; riding the rails in search of work during the Great Depression; honing his skills as a journalist in Los Angeles and San Francisco. By the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Omura had already developed a reputation as one of the Japanese American Citizens League's most adamant critics, and when the JACL leadership acquiesced to the mass incarceration of American-born Japanese, he refused to remain silent, at great personal and professional cost. Shunned by the Nikkei community and excluded from the standard narrative of Japanese American wartime incarceration until later in life, Omura seeks in this memoir to correct the "cockeyed history to which Japanese America has been exposed." Edited and with an introduction by historian Arthur A. Hansen, and with contributions from Asian American activists and writers Frank Chin, Yosh Kuromiya, and Frank Abe, Nisei Naysayer provides an essential, firsthand account of Japanese American wartime resistance. Trade Review"Nisei Naysayer is an essential and eagerly-awaited account of Japanese America's resistance in American-style concentration camps during World War II.Offering new insight into Omura's controversial sedition trial, Nisei Naysayer reveals the depth of Omura's commitment to constitutionalism and freedom of the press. Expertly annotated by Art Hansen, this unique exposition will be invaluable for students and scholars alike."—Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, University of California, Los Angeles, and author of Japanese American Resettlement through the Lens: Hikaru Iwasaki and the WRA's Photographic Section, 1943-1945"James Omura was a truth-teller silenced in his own time. His legal and moral opposition to the wartime treatment of Japanese Americans was too much for both the US government and the Japanese American Citizens League, and they shut him down. Seventy-five years later, the silence is broken with the publication of Omura's memoir, Nisei Naysayer. Scrupulously edited and annotated by Arthur A. Hansen, this memoir reminds us what a courageous voice of resistance sounds like."—Eric Muller, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"Contrarian Jimmie Omura altered history and the writing of history, as evidenced in this superbly edited memoir. His life righted the wrongs of civil liberties denied and the errors of accommodationist histories."—Gary Y. Okihiro, author of American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders"Impeccably edited by Arthur Hansen, this memoir by the dedicated American patriot Jimmie Omura spans his early life through the end of World War II, revealing the rebuke and ostracism he endured, and the courage he exhibited in his search for justice. Omura's moral compass and well-articulated, incisive critiques are a wellspring of inspiration."—Eileen H. Tamura, author of In Defense of Justice: Joseph Kurihara and the Japanese American Struggle for EqualityTable of Contents1. Bainbridge Island Beginnings, 1912–1923 2. Pacific Northwest Coming of Age, 1923–1933 3. Dateline California, 1933–1940 4. Showdown in San Francisco, 1940–1942 5. Denver Disputes and Concentration Camp Dissent, 1942–1944 6. Rocky Mountain Resistance, 1944 7. Down and Out in Denver, 1944–1945

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Book SynopsisThe Holocaust is usually understood as a European story. Yet, this pivotal episode unfolded across North Africa and reverberated through politics, literature, memoir, and memory—Muslim as well as Jewish—in the post-war years. The Holocaust and North Africa offers the first English-language study of the unfolding events in North Africa, pushing at the boundaries of Holocaust Studies and North African Studies, and suggesting, powerfully, that neither is complete without the other. The essays in this volume reconstruct the implementation of race laws and forced labor across the Maghreb during World War II and consider the Holocaust as a North African local affair, which took diverse form from town to town and city to city. They explore how the Holocaust ruptured Muslim–Jewish relations, setting the stage for an entirely new post-war reality. Commentaries by leading scholars of Holocaust history complete the picture, reflecting on why the history of the Holocaust and North Africa has been so widely ignored—and what we have to gain by understanding it in all its nuances. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.Trade Review"This fascinating and original volume profoundly challenges inherited understandings of the Holocaust as a purely European phenomenon. Offering far-ranging original research, the contributors illustrate how one of modernity's defining horrors played out in North Africa. In so doing, they convincingly show that Vichy's race laws, anti-Semitic agitation, and deportations represented ruptures—but also continuities—with North Africa's colonial order."—Joshua Schreier, Vassar College"The Holocaust and North Africa extends the geographical and historical horizons of Holocaust studies. It challenges a Eurocentric focus, exploring the diverse persecution experiences and memories of Jews in North and West Africa, and raises interesting questions about the interdependencies of Nazi, Vichy, and fascist policies with colonial practices."—Wolf Gruner, Founding Director, USC Shoah Foundation Center for Advanced Genocide Research"As the contributors to this volume demonstrate, it is important to understand how ordinary Muslims comprehended what was happening to their Jewish neighbors, to their country, and to themselves under Nazi and Vichy oversight. Even more importantly, we must understand the experience of the North African Jews themselves. Boum and Stein's book is a good start."—Lawrench Rosen, Jewish Review of Books"This collection of fifteen essays and commentaries by noted scholars constitutes an invaluable contribution to the growing body of literature on the Holocaust, North Africa, and the Middle East....The wealth of new sources both primary and secondary that they have uncovered bodes well for the expansion of our knowledge and understanding of the Shoah in its connections with North Africa."—Francis R. Nicosia, Holocaust and Genocide Studies"[This] is an important and timely book....a unique and welcome addition to our understandings of the mid-twentieth century Maghreb, the death throes of European colonization, the Shoah, and the ways in which these sites, events, and memories continue to shape the Mediterranean region today."—Nicholas Ostrum, EuropeNow"[A] rich and illuminating volume, which, in my view, fully achieves its aims. The essays enrich our understanding of how the Holocaust unfolded in North Africa, most notably by unveiling the deep entanglement between colonialism and fascism....[The Holocaust and North Africa] shows the fruitfulness of a joint work of reflection, scrutiny, and interpretation."—Piera Rossetto, Quest"[A] exceptionally valuable volume focusing on an area of study far too long in the shadows....The Holocaust and North Africa is an absorbing work that will undoubtedly whet the appetite of many a student of the Holocaust, eager to know more about what happened to Jews in that part of the world during the war years."—Diane Cypkin, Martyrdom & Resistance"The underlying agenda of The Holocaust and North Africa is to encourage further, in-depth research in this hitherto neglected area of study. Even at this relatively late stage of Holocaust historiography, there are archives and testimonies waiting to be examined and deciphered. As shown in these essays, comparative research does not imply the drawing of similarities between situations, but rather a deeper understanding of the complex mosaic of the Holocaust—confined neither to Europe nor to European Jews."—Denis Charbit, Studies in Contemporary JewryTable of ContentsIntroduction —Aomar Boum and Sarah Abrevaya Stein 1. Between Metropole and French North Africa: Vichy's Anti-Semitic Legislation and Colonialism's Racial Hierarchies —Daniel J. Schroeter 2. The Persecution of Jews in Libya Between 1938 and 1945: An Italian Affair? —Jens Hoppe 3. The Implementation of Anti-Jewish Laws in French West Africa: A Reflection of Vichy Anti-Semitic Obsession —Ruth Ginio 4. "Other Places of Confinement": Bedeau Internment Camp for Algerian Jewish Soldiers —Susan Slyomovics 5. Blessing of the Bled: Rural Moroccan Jewry During World War II —Aomar Boum and Mohammed Hatimi 6. la recherche de Vichy: The Commissariat Général aux Questions Juives and the Implementation of the Statut des Juifs in Tunisia —Daniel Lee 7. Eyewitness Djelfa: Daily Life in a Saharan Vichy Labor Camp —Aomar Boum 8. The Ethics and Aesthetics of Restraint: Judeo-Tunisian Narratives of Occupation —Lia Brozgal 9. Fissures and Fusions: Moroccan Jewish Communists and World War II —Alma Heckman 10. Recentering the Holocaust (Again) —Omer Bartov 11. Paradigms and Differences —Susan Rubin Suleiman 12. Sephardim and Holocaust Historiography —Susan Gilson Miller 13. Stages in Jewish Historiography and Collective Memory —Haim Saadoun 14. A Memory That Is Not One —Michael Rothberg 15. Holocaust and North Africa —Todd Presner

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Book SynopsisFew episodes in American history were more transformative than World War II, and in no region did it bring greater change than in the West. Having lifted the United States out of the Great Depression, World War II set in motion a massive westward population movement, ignited a quarter-century boom that redefined the West as the nation's most economically dynamic region, and triggered unprecedented public investment in manufacturing, education, scientific research, and infrastructure—an economic revolution that would lay the groundwork for prodigiously innovative high-tech centers in Silicon Valley, the Puget Sound area, and elsewhere. Amidst robust economic growth and widely shared prosperity in the post-war decades, Westerners made significant strides toward greater racial and gender equality, even as they struggled to manage the environmental consequences of their region's surging vitality. At the same time, wartime policies that facilitated the federal withdrawal of Western public lands and the occupation of Pacific islands for military use continued an ongoing project of U.S. expansionism at home and abroad. This volume explores the lasting consequences of a pivotal chapter in U.S. history, and offers new categories for understanding the post-war West. Contributors to this volume include Mark Brilliant, Geraldo L. Cadava, Matthew Dallek, Mary L. Dudziak, Jared Farmer, David M. Kennedy, Daniel J. Kevles, Rebecca Jo Plant, Gavin Wright, and Richard White.Trade Review"Brimming with fresh insights on the modern West from an all-star roster of contributions, this stellar collection is an indispensable resource for understanding America's westward tilt and its broader significance to national and global history."—Margaret O'Mara, author of The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America"Exploring how mobilization for World War II and the early Cold War turned one region into a bellwether for the nation, World War II and the West It Wrought brings fresh insight and lucid prose to the task of explaining the profound changes to the mid-twentieth-century American West."—John M. Findlay, co-author of Atomic Frontier Days: Hanford and the American West"This book by distinguished scholars at the top of their game speaks to topics not usually taken up by historians of the post-war West. I am not likely to teach mid-twentieth-century Western history quite the same."—William F. Deverell, co-author of Shaped by the WestTable of Contents1. Executive Domain: Military Reservations in the Wartime West 2. Enlisting the Laboratories: Science, Defense, and the Transformation of the High-Tech West 3. World War II, the Cold War, and the Knowledge Economies of the Pacific Coast 4. The Politics Wrought by War: Phoenix, Seattle, and the Emergence of the Red-Blue Divide in the West, 1939–1950 5. The Roots of Hispanic Conservatism in the Wartime West 6. "No Private School Could Ever Be As Satisfactory": The Fight for Government-Funded Child Care in Postwar Los Angeles 7. How the Pacific World Became West

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Book SynopsisFew episodes in American history were more transformative than World War II, and in no region did it bring greater change than in the West. Having lifted the United States out of the Great Depression, World War II set in motion a massive westward population movement, ignited a quarter-century boom that redefined the West as the nation's most economically dynamic region, and triggered unprecedented public investment in manufacturing, education, scientific research, and infrastructure—an economic revolution that would lay the groundwork for prodigiously innovative high-tech centers in Silicon Valley, the Puget Sound area, and elsewhere. Amidst robust economic growth and widely shared prosperity in the post-war decades, Westerners made significant strides toward greater racial and gender equality, even as they struggled to manage the environmental consequences of their region's surging vitality. At the same time, wartime policies that facilitated the federal withdrawal of Western public lands and the occupation of Pacific islands for military use continued an ongoing project of U.S. expansionism at home and abroad. This volume explores the lasting consequences of a pivotal chapter in U.S. history, and offers new categories for understanding the post-war West. Contributors to this volume include Mark Brilliant, Geraldo L. Cadava, Matthew Dallek, Mary L. Dudziak, Jared Farmer, David M. Kennedy, Daniel J. Kevles, Rebecca Jo Plant, Gavin Wright, and Richard White.Trade Review"Brimming with fresh insights on the modern West from an all-star roster of contributions, this stellar collection is an indispensable resource for understanding America's westward tilt and its broader significance to national and global history."—Margaret O'Mara, author of The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America"Exploring how mobilization for World War II and the early Cold War turned one region into a bellwether for the nation, World War II and the West It Wrought brings fresh insight and lucid prose to the task of explaining the profound changes to the mid-twentieth-century American West."—John M. Findlay, co-author of Atomic Frontier Days: Hanford and the American West"This book by distinguished scholars at the top of their game speaks to topics not usually taken up by historians of the post-war West. I am not likely to teach mid-twentieth-century Western history quite the same."—William F. Deverell, co-author of Shaped by the WestTable of Contents1. Executive Domain: Military Reservations in the Wartime West 2. Enlisting the Laboratories: Science, Defense, and the Transformation of the High-Tech West 3. World War II, the Cold War, and the Knowledge Economies of the Pacific Coast 4. The Politics Wrought by War: Phoenix, Seattle, and the Emergence of the Red-Blue Divide in the West, 1939–1950 5. The Roots of Hispanic Conservatism in the Wartime West 6. "No Private School Could Ever Be As Satisfactory": The Fight for Government-Funded Child Care in Postwar Los Angeles 7. How the Pacific World Became West

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Book SynopsisOver sixty years after the end of the Pacific War, the United States and Japan have still not come to terms with the consequences; despite their postwar alliance, memories of Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima-Nagasaki continue to remind that the decision to drop the bomb remains a contentious issue. While many Americans believe the bombing directly influenced Japan's decision to surrender, the bombing's impact on Japan's decision making, as well as the role of the Soviet Union, have yet to be fully explored. This book offers state-of-the-art reinterpretations of the reasons for Japan's decision to surrender: Which was the critical factor, the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or the Soviet Union's entry into the war? Writing from the perspective of three different nationalities and drawing on newly available documents from Japan, the United States, and the former Soviet Union, five distinguished historians review the evidence and the arguments—and agree to disagree. The contributors are Barton J. Bernstein, Richard Frank, Sumio Hatano, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, and David Holloway.Trade Review"In this excellent collection, authors from the United States and Japan recalculate various aspects of the ongoing debate about the ways in which policy decisions by Japan, the United States, and the USSR intersected around the two world-shaping events of 6-9 August 1945—the two atomic bombings of Japanese cities and the Soviet entry into the Pacific War." -- David Wolff * Hokkaido University *

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Book SynopsisDuring the Holocaust, 99 percent of all Jewish killings were carried out by members of state organizations. In this groundbreaking book, Stefan Kühl offers a new analysis of the integral role that membership in organizations played in facilitating the annihilation of European Jews under the Nazis. Drawing on the well-researched case of the mass killings of Jews by a Hamburg reserve police battalion, Kühl shows how ordinary men from ordinary professions were induced to carry out massacres. It may have been that coercion, money, identification with the end goal, the enjoyment of brutality, or the expectations of their comrades impelled the members of the police battalion to join the police units and participate in ghetto liquidations, deportations, and mass shootings. But ultimately, argues Kühl, the question of immediate motives, or indeed whether members carried out tasks with enthusiasm or reluctance, is of secondary importance. The crucial factor in explaining what they did was the integration of individuals into an organizational framework that prompted them to perform their roles. This book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the Holocaust by demonstrating the fundamental role played by organizations in persuading ordinary Germans to participate in the annihilation of the Jews. It will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of organizations, violence, and modern German history, as well as for anyone interested in genocide and the Holocaust. Trade Review“In this masterly researched and subtly conceptualized in-depth analysis of the infamous Police Battalion 101, Stefan Kühl shows hauntingly how the ‘normality’ of constraints, enrichment, comradeship, routine, and legality enabled Nazi perpetrators to achieve the ultimate abnormality. Ordinary Organizations will soon be considered as one of the key inquiries into the Holocaust.” Thomas Kühne, Clark University “An extremely interesting book, engaging with theoretical approaches to understanding the Holocaust. Kühl makes a strong case for the explanatory power of organizational sociology in understanding how ‘ordinary men’ could be brought to engage in acts of killing without seeing themselves as perpetrators. A controversial and stimulating read.” Mary Fulbrook, University College London"Kühl’s analysis takes us as step further than Browning’s and Goldhagen’s by emphasizing how state organizations produce results that would be incomprehensible if they were based solely on individual actions and motives."Augustine Brannigan, Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish StudiesTable of Contents Introduction 1. Beyond “ordinary men” and “ordinary Germans” 1.1. The failure of easy answers 1.2. From the search for motives to the presentation of motives 1.3. The motivation of organization members 2. Identification with the goal 2.1. The formation of an antisemitic fictional consensus 2.2. How ideological indoctrination secured an antisemitic fictional consensus 2.3. From “impassive acceptance” to “active participation” 3. Coercion 3.1. Forced recruitment and barriers to exit 3.2. Avoiding the membership issue in coercive organizations 3.3. The limits of leeway 3.4. The freedom in coercion 4. Comradeship 4.1. The pressure of comradeship and the formation of informal norms 4.2. Levels in the formation of comradeship 4.3. How are comradeship norms enforced? 4.4. Mobilizing comradeship by granting leeway 5. Money 5.1. The function of regular remuneration for the battalion members 5.2. Legalized enrichment through the dispossession of the Jewish population 5.3. Enrichment beyond official forms of remuneration and reward 5.4. The functionality of misappropriation 6. The attractiveness of activities 6.1. Inhibitions against killing and organizational strategies for overcoming them 6.2. The production of motives: Dehumanizing the victims 6.3. An organizational culture of brutality 7. The generalization of motives 7.1. The different ways of portraying personal engagement 7.2. Managing one’s self-presentation 7.3. The separation between goals and motives 8. From killers to perpetrators 8.1. The legalization of the state’s use of violence 8.2. Using violence in the gray zones of legality 8.3. The shift in the concept of law under the Nazis 8.4. Facilitating killing by legalizing it 9. The normality and abnormality of organizations 9.1. Beyond the notion of “abnormal organizations” 9.2. The expansion of zones of indifference in organizations 9.3. Understanding organizations: Conclusions Appendix: The sociological approach and empirical basis Archives Notes Literature Index

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Book SynopsisDuring the Holocaust, 99 percent of all Jewish killings were carried out by members of state organizations. In this groundbreaking book, Stefan Kühl offers a new analysis of the integral role that membership in organizations played in facilitating the annihilation of European Jews under the Nazis. Drawing on the well-researched case of the mass killings of Jews by a Hamburg reserve police battalion, Kühl shows how ordinary men from ordinary professions were induced to carry out massacres. It may have been that coercion, money, identification with the end goal, the enjoyment of brutality, or the expectations of their comrades impelled the members of the police battalion to join the police units and participate in ghetto liquidations, deportations, and mass shootings. But ultimately, argues Kühl, the question of immediate motives, or indeed whether members carried out tasks with enthusiasm or reluctance, is of secondary importance. The crucial factor in explaining what they did was the integration of individuals into an organizational framework that prompted them to perform their roles. This book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the Holocaust by demonstrating the fundamental role played by organizations in persuading ordinary Germans to participate in the annihilation of the Jews. It will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of organizations, violence, and modern German history, as well as for anyone interested in genocide and the Holocaust. Trade Review�In this masterly researched and subtly conceptualized in-depth analysis of the infamous Police Battalion 101, Stefan Kühl shows hauntingly how the �normality� of constraints, enrichment, comradeship, routine, and legality enabled Nazi perpetrators to achieve the ultimate abnormality. Ordinary Organizations will soon be considered as one of the key inquiries into the Holocaust.� Thomas Kühne, Clark University �An extremely interesting book, engaging with theoretical approaches to understanding the Holocaust. Kühl makes a strong case for the explanatory power of organizational sociology in understanding how �ordinary men� could be brought to engage in acts of killing without seeing themselves as perpetrators. A controversial and stimulating read.� Mary Fulbrook, University College LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction page 1 1 Beyond “Ordinary Men” and “Ordinary Germans” 18 1.1 The failure of easy answers 21 1.2 From the search for motives to the presentation of motives 31 1.3 The motivation of organization members 36 2 Identification with the Goal 44 2.1 The formation of an antisemitic fictional consensus 46 2.2 How ideological indoctrination secured an antisemitic fictional consensus 52 2.3 From “impassive acceptance” to “active participation” 55 3 Coercion 58 3.1 Forced recruitment and barriers to exit 61 3.2 Avoiding the membership issue in coercive organizations 65 3.3 The limits of leeway 68 3.4 The freedom in coercion 71 4 Comradeship 74 4.1 The pressure of comradeship and the formation of informal norms 75 4.2 Levels in the formation of comradeship 78 4.3 How are comradeship norms enforced? 81 4.4 Mobilizing comradeship by granting leeway 85 5 Money 88 5.1 The function of regular remuneration for the battalion members 89 5.2 Legalized enrichment through the dispossession of the Jewish population 91 5.3 Enrichment beyond official forms of remuneration and reward 95 5.4 The functionality of misappropriation 99 6 The Attractiveness of Activities 102 6.1 Inhibitions against killing and organizational strategies for overcoming them 104 6.2 The production of motives: dehumanizing the victims 108 6.3 An organizational culture of brutality 111 7 The Generalization of Motives 114 7.1 The different ways of presenting personal engagement 115 7.2 Managing one’s self-presentation 120 7.3 The separation between goals and motives 124 8 From Killers to Perpetrators 129 8.1 The legalization of the state’s use of violence 135 8.2 Using violence in the gray zones of legality 139 8.3 The shift in the concept of law under the Nazis 148 8.4 Facilitating killing by legalizing it 152 9 The Normality and Abnormality of Organizations 153 9.1 Beyond the notion of “abnormal organizations” 155 9.2 The expansion of zones of indifference in organizations 159 9.3 Understanding organizations: conclusions 167 Appendix: The Sociological Approach and Empirical Basis 169 Archives 179 Notes 181 References 258 Index 306

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Book SynopsisThis book recounts one of the greatest tragedies of the twentieth century: the siege of Leningrad. It is based on the searing testimony of eyewitnesses, some of whom managed to survive, while others were to die in streets devastated by bombing, in icy houses, or the endless bread queues. All of them, nevertheless, wanted to pass on to us the story of the torments they endured, their stoicism, compassion and humanity, and of how people reached out to each other in the nightmare of the siege. Though the siege continues to loom large in collective memory, an overemphasis on the heroic endurance of the victims has tended to distort our understanding of events. In this book, which focuses on the "Time of Death", the harsh winter of 1941-42, Sergey Yarov adopts a new approach, demonstrating that if we are to truly appreciate the nature of this suffering, we must face the full realities of people's actions and behaviour. Many of the documents published here – letters, diaries, memoirs and interviews not previously available to researchers or retrieved from family archives – show unexpected aspects of what it was like to live in the besieged city. Leningrad changed, and so did the morals, customs and habits of Leningraders. People wanted at all costs to survive. Their notes about the siege reflect a drama which cost a million people their lives. There is no spurious cheeriness and optimism in them, and much that we might like to pass over. But we must not. We have a duty to know the whole, bitter truth about the siege, the price that had to be paid in order to stay human in a time of brutal inhumanity.Trade Review"St. Petersburger Sergey Yarov was, until his cruelly premature death, one of Russia's leading historians, and in this spare, searing analysis of his home city's greatest disaster, he is at the height of his powers. Unlike conventional eulogies to siege heroism, Yarov's retrospective anthropology, drawing on hundreds of diaries and documents, shows us what he calls 'real people, irate, resentful, but still imbued with a sense of compassion'. Amid the horrors of disintegration and degradation, he testifies to how 'Leningrad saved itself through redeeming actions great and small'. An intensely moving and unforgettable book."—Catriona Kelly, University of Oxford "When most people in a great city were dying of hunger, some died faster than others. Some lived by privilege, by crime, or by the goodness of others. Some were empowered to decide which others would live or die. What does this tell us about their morality – and about our own rules of ethical behaviour? Sergey Yarov's study of wartime Leningrad is an unblinking inquiry into the depths of the human spirit."—Mark Harrison, Warwick University "While in Russia many historians of the siege ignored or minimized negative aspects of people's behaviour during it, Yarov shows both the self-sacrifice and the selfishness, the heroism and the egoism that were displayed at all levels of society. Leningrad 1941-42 is an outstanding book and one which sheds a great deal of new light on how people behave in extreme conditions. It will undoubtedly be of interest to a wide readership."—John Barber, University of Cambridge"This depiction of humanity in extreme circumstances has significance beyond the fate of a particular city and will make many readers wonder how they would behave in similar conditions."—Times Higher Education"An important work which contributes both to our understanding of the siege of Leningrad as well as to the nature of humanity itself."—Times Literary SupplementTable of ContentsForeword by John Barber Preface Part I. Concepts of Morality in 1941-2 Chapter 1. The tragedy of Leningrad The Time of Death The breakdown of moral standards Chapter 2. Moral commandments The concept of honesty Fairness Charity Attitudes to theft Chapter 3. The shifting boundaries of ethics Infringement of ethical standards: arguments used in self-justification Compulsory ethical standards: coercion as a means of ensuring survival Chapter 4. The influence of moral standards on people’s behaviour Appealing for help Expressing gratitude for help Part II. The Ethical Dimension Chapter 1. The family: compassion, consolation, love Chapter 2. Ethics within the family: continuity and disintegration Funerals Friends and family Friends Neighbours Colleagues Chapter 3. Party and Government Rules of behaviour Privileges Chapter 4. Strangers Parentless children People collapsing in the streets 'Dystrophics' Leningraders in the queue Part III. Means of Reinforcing Morality Chapter 1. Concepts of civilization Art, creativity, reading Tales of the siege Tales about life in the past and future Diaries and letters Control Chapter 2. Self-control Codes of behaviour Introspection Leningraders in the Time of Death: human and superhuman Notes Index

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Book SynopsisIn 1945, soon after the liberation of Auschwitz, Soviet authorities in control of the Kattowitz (Katowice) camp in Poland asked Primo Levi and his fellow captive Leonardo De Benedetti to compile a detailed report on the sanitary conditions they witnessed in Auschwitz. The result was an extraordinary testimony and one of the first accounts of the extermination camps ever written. Their report, published in a medical journal in 1946, marked the beginnings of Levi’s life-long work as writer, analyst and witness. In the subsequent four decades, Levi never ceased to recount his experiences in Auschwitz in a wide variety of texts, many of which are assembled together here for the first time, alongside other testimony from De Benedetti. From early research into the fate of their companions to the deposition written for Eichmann’s trial, Auschwitz Testimonies is a rich mosaic of documents, memories and critical reflections of great historic and human value. Underpinned by his characteristically clear language, rigorous method and deep psychological insight, this collection of testimonies, reports and analyses reaffirms Primo Levi’s position as one of the most important chroniclers of the Holocaust. Trade Review"One of the most important and gifted writers of our time."—Italo Calvino "The triumph of human identity and worth over the pathology of human destruction glows virtually everywhere in Levi's writing.... Time and time again we are moved by his narratives of how men refuse erasure."—Toni Morrison "Primo Levi's poise was one of the greatest achievements in the history of the human spirit. His writing restored the honor of humanism after Auschwitz."—Leon Wieseltier "Whether as witness or imaginative artist, Levi stands high among the truly essential European writers of the past century."—Michael Dirda, Washington Post "Their unvarnished testimony speaks volumes about the weight of responsibility felt by survivors such as Levi to ensure that the world never forgot the 'insane dream of building a thousand-year empire upon millions of corpses and slaves'."—The Sydney Morning Herald "Levi writes of unspeakable things with charity, clarity and objectivity."—Sunday Times "The publication of Auschwitz Testimonies may go some way to fulfil Levi's 40-year post-war odyssey to bear witness to 'the history of today, whose violence is the child of that violence which, by sheer chance, we managed to survive'."—The Morning Star

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Book SynopsisHawaii, 7th December 1941, shortly before 8 in the morning: Japanese torpedo bombers launch a surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet anchored in Pearl Harbor. The devastating attack claims the lives of over 2,400 American soldiers, sinks or damages 18 ships and destroys nearly 350 aircraft. The US Congress declares war on Japan the following day. In this vivid and lively book, Takuma Melber breathes new life into the dramatic events that unfolded before, during and after Pearl Harbor by putting the perspective of the Japanese attackers at the centre of his account. This is the dimension commonly missing in most other histories of Pearl Harbor, and it gives Melber the opportunity to provide a fuller, more definitive and authoritative account of the battle, its background and its consequences. Melber sheds new light on the long negotiations that went on between the Japanese and Americans in 1941, and the confusion and argument among the Japanese political and military elite. He shows how US intelligence and military leaders in Washington failed to interpret correctly the information they had and to draw the necessary conclusions about the Japanese war intentions in advance of the attack. His account of the battle itself is informed by the latest research and benefits from including the planning and post-raid assessment by the Japanese commanders. His account also covers the second raid in March 1942 by two long-range seaplanes which was intended to destroy the shipyards so that ships damaged in the initial attack could not be repaired. This balanced and thoroughly researched book deepens our understanding of the battle that precipitated America’s entry into the war and it will appeal to anyone interested in World War II and military history.Trade Review"dramatic and highly readable"The Daily Telegraph "Melber offers a fresh, dramatic account of events in 1941, when Japan headed into a war with the United States that most Japanese policymakers knew their country was not likely to win.... Readers know how the story ends, but Melber's just-the-facts narrative re-creates the tension of the events as they were lived."Foreign Affairs "Melber clearly is on top of his subject matter, having mastered the story of Pearl Habor from the perspectives of both Japan and the United States. In so doing he offers fascinating new insights into what led to the attack on Pearl Harbor and thus to America's entry into the Second World War. He displays a thorough knowledge of the Japanese and American literature, and he writes in a manner that is both accessible and authoritative. This is an excellent book and it will find a ready readership both among university students and among the general public."Richard Bessel, University of York "There is no shortage of historical literature on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, so it is a brave historian who seeks to find a new way to present a familiar story. The great merit of Takuma Melber's new book on the battle is his access to Japanese sources and literature. This is the dimension commonly missing in most accounts, and it gives Melber the opportunity to provide a fuller, more definitive and authoritative account of the battle, its background, and its consequences. Melber writes with great economy on a big subject, and he writes with flair and precision: this book is a literary achievement as well as a work of exceptional scholarship."Richard Overy, University of Exeter "Here is a new look at the dramatic way Japan drew the United States into World War II. The drawing of additional details from a variety of Japanese sources as well as the published and archival material in English and German offers the reader an excellent and balanced introduction to a very important event."Gerhard L. Weinberg, William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of History Emeritus, University of North Carolina"A fascinating look at the inner workings of Japanese political, military, and diplomatic circles."War on the Rocks "[A] penetrating study of one of the key events of the 20th century from the Japanese rather than the usual American perspective. Melber's nuanced picture of Japanese wartime decision-making exposes the deep rifts in the country's military and civilian leadership. His clinical analysis of the diplomatic to-and-fro between Tokyo and Washington in the months before the attack lays bare the inevitable slide towards war."The Australian "In this vivid book, Takuma Melber breathes new life into the dramatic events that unfolded before, during, and after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. By putting the Japanese attackers' perspective at the centre of his account, he provides a more comprehensive and authoritative history of the battle, its background, and its consequences."Military History"Pearl Harbor is a fine introduction to its subject, enhanced by useful additions from original Japanese sources."Michigan War Studies Review"His book eloquently synthesizes both Japanese and American secondary and primary sources on the attack, and the narrative is told primarily from the perspective of the Japanese. The result is an evenly balanced account that provides a “big picture” view of events."The Strategy Bridge"Melber’s ‘Pearl Harbor’ is an admirably concise and highly illuminating account. It mainly tells how things unfolded from the Japanese perspective. Melber's excellent book illustrates that so-called decisive attacks aiming to utterly destroy an enemy with a major attack can sometimes create terrible consequences for the perpetrators.”Iain Ballantyne, Warships International Fleet Review''Melber’s authoritative and persuasive book brings another vital and welcome dimension into play by revealing the Japanese side of the narrative''Shepherd "Melber provides a concise and judicious account of Pearl Harbor that makes good use of his familiarity with Japanese sources to provide a balanced narrative of the diplomatic run-up to the attack and the battle itself. Because Melber's book is comprehensive, clearly written,... it has the potential to become a gateway book for general readers interested in Pearl Harbor and a staple textbook in diplomatic and military history courses. ... a fascinating account of the planning and execution of the Pearl Harbor attack."Journal of American Culture“This is not purely a military history but one that interweaves diplomatic history into a vivid account of the battle. … Pearl Harbor serves as the most up-to-date, well-researched, and accessible account of the event for the broadest possible readership.”Japan ReviewTable of ContentsPrologue I. The background 1. The road to Pearl Harbor 2. The crisis intensifies 3. Japan’s proposals for resolving the conflict 4. The Hull Note II. The Japanese war plan 1. Admiral Yamamoto and Operation Hawaii 2. The plan of attack 3. The Kid Butai sets sail 4. Japanese spies in Hawaii 5. The first encounter III. The attack 1. The first wave 2. ‘Tora Tora Tora’ 3. Battleship Row in crossfire 4. The second attack wave 5. Egusa’s dive bombers IV. Consequences 1. The aftermath 2. The USA enters the war 3. The first prisoner-of-war 4. The Japanese-born victims of Pearl Harbor 5. Could Pearl Harbor have been prevented? 6. Conspiracy theories 7. Operation K Epilogue Select Bibliography Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThe noted historian Richard Cobb presents an engaging synthesis of research, combined with highly original observations and analyses of the war years in France. The reader is given access to a unique private chronicle of the relations between occupants and occupés, which provides the "I was there" understanding that is a hallmark of Cobb's well-known ability to humanize history. The author characterizes this work as "an essay in interpretation and imagination, an evocation drawing heavily on literary, or semi-literary, sources and even on autobiography, rather than a straight piece of history. The book is about people, individuals, rather than about institutions and administration." A recognized classic is now back in print.

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Book SynopsisThis book informs the public for the first time about the impact of American psychiatry on soldiers during World War II. Breaking Point is the first in-depth history of American psychiatry in World War II. Drawn from unpublished primary documents, oral histories, and the author’s personal interviews and correspondence over years with key psychiatric and military policymakers, it begins with Franklin Roosevelt’s endorsement of a universal Selective Service psychiatric examination followed by Army and Navy pre- and post-induction examinations. Ultimately, 2.5 million men and women were rejected or discharged from military service on neuropsychiatric grounds. Never before or since has the United States engaged in such a program. In designing Selective Service Medical Circular No. 1, psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan assumed psychiatrists could predict who might break down or falter in military service or even in civilian life thereafter. While many American and European psychiatrists questioned this belief, and huge numbers of American psychiatric casualties soon raised questions about screening’s validity, psychiatric and military leaders persisted in 1942 and 1943 in endorsing ever tougher screening and little else. Soon, families complained of fathers and teens being drafted instead of being identified as psychiatric 4Fs, and Blacks and Native Americans, among others, complained of bias. A frustrated General George S. Patton famously slapped two “malingering” neuropsychiatric patients in Sicily (a sentiment shared by Marshall and Eisenhower, though they favored a tamer style). Yet psychiatric rejections, evacuations, and discharges mounted. While psychiatrist Roy Grinker and a few others treated soldiers close to the front in Tunisia in early 1943, this was the exception. But as demand for manpower soared and psychiatrists finally went to the field and saw that combat itself, not “predisposition,” precipitated breakdown, leading military psychiatrists switched their emphasis from screening to prevention and treatment. But this switch was too little too late and slowed by a year-long series of Inspector General investigations even while numbers of psychiatric casualties soared. Ironically, despite and even partly because of psychiatrists’ wartime performance, plus the emotional toll of war, postwar America soon witnessed a dramatic growth in numbers, popularity, and influence of the profession, culminating in the National Mental Health Act (1946). But veterans with “PTSD,” not recognized until 1980, were largely neglected.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations | ix Foreword by Noah Tsika | xi Preface | xv Introduction | 1 Part I: Before the War 1. Mobilizing for War | 13 2. Military Necessity Overrides Psychiatric Skepticism | 34 3. Debating Screening’s Viability | 46 Part II: During the War 4. Psychiatric Policy Making in the Throes of War | 77 5. The Public Reaction | 101 6. The Response of Psychiatrists | 120 7. The Horrors of War and Beginnings of Change | 138 8. From Prediction to Prevention | 153 9. Limits to Prevention and Treatment | 177 Part III: After the War 10. Return to Normalcy | 209 11. From “War Man” to “Peace Man” | 232 Conclusion | 247 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | 253 Principal Physicians and Social Scientists | 255 Appendix A: Medical Circular No. 1 | 275 Appendix B: Circular Letter No. 19 | 277 Appendix C: Key Investigations of Military Psychiatry | 279 Acknowledgments | 281 Notes | 287 Select Works | 405 Index | 441

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Book SynopsisThis book informs the public for the first time about the impact of American psychiatry on soldiers during World War II. Breaking Point is the first in-depth history of American psychiatry in World War II. Drawn from unpublished primary documents, oral histories, and the author’s personal interviews and correspondence over years with key psychiatric and military policymakers, it begins with Franklin Roosevelt’s endorsement of a universal Selective Service psychiatric examination followed by Army and Navy pre- and post-induction examinations. Ultimately, 2.5 million men and women were rejected or discharged from military service on neuropsychiatric grounds. Never before or since has the United States engaged in such a program. In designing Selective Service Medical Circular No. 1, psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan assumed psychiatrists could predict who might break down or falter in military service or even in civilian life thereafter. While many American and European psychiatrists questioned this belief, and huge numbers of American psychiatric casualties soon raised questions about screening’s validity, psychiatric and military leaders persisted in 1942 and 1943 in endorsing ever tougher screening and little else. Soon, families complained of fathers and teens being drafted instead of being identified as psychiatric 4Fs, and Blacks and Native Americans, among others, complained of bias. A frustrated General George S. Patton famously slapped two “malingering” neuropsychiatric patients in Sicily (a sentiment shared by Marshall and Eisenhower, though they favored a tamer style). Yet psychiatric rejections, evacuations, and discharges mounted. While psychiatrist Roy Grinker and a few others treated soldiers close to the front in Tunisia in early 1943, this was the exception. But as demand for manpower soared and psychiatrists finally went to the field and saw that combat itself, not “predisposition,” precipitated breakdown, leading military psychiatrists switched their emphasis from screening to prevention and treatment. But this switch was too little too late and slowed by a year-long series of Inspector General investigations even while numbers of psychiatric casualties soared. Ironically, despite and even partly because of psychiatrists’ wartime performance, plus the emotional toll of war, postwar America soon witnessed a dramatic growth in numbers, popularity, and influence of the profession, culminating in the National Mental Health Act (1946). But veterans with “PTSD,” not recognized until 1980, were largely neglected.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations | ix Foreword by Noah Tsika | xi Preface | xv Introduction | 1 Part I: Before the War 1. Mobilizing for War | 13 2. Military Necessity Overrides Psychiatric Skepticism | 34 3. Debating Screening’s Viability | 46 Part II: During the War 4. Psychiatric Policy Making in the Throes of War | 77 5. The Public Reaction | 101 6. The Response of Psychiatrists | 120 7. The Horrors of War and Beginnings of Change | 138 8. From Prediction to Prevention | 153 9. Limits to Prevention and Treatment | 177 Part III: After the War 10. Return to Normalcy | 209 11. From “War Man” to “Peace Man” | 232 Conclusion | 247 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | 253 Principal Physicians and Social Scientists | 255 Appendix A: Medical Circular No. 1 | 275 Appendix B: Circular Letter No. 19 | 277 Appendix C: Key Investigations of Military Psychiatry | 279 Acknowledgments | 281 Notes | 287 Select Works | 405 Index | 441

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Book SynopsisWINNER, HELEN AND HOWARD R. MARRARO PRIZE IN ITALIAN HISTORY Discloses the richness of ideas and sheds light on the controversy that characterized the transition from fascism to democracy, examining authors, works and memories that were subsequently silenced by Cold War politics. How a shared memory of Fascism and its cultural heritage took shape is still today the most disputed question of modern Italy, crossing the boundaries between academic and public discourse. Against Redemption concentrates on the historical period in which disagreement was at its highest: the transition between the downfall of Mussolini in July 1943 and the victory of the Christian Democrats over the Left in the 1948 general elections. By dispelling the silence around the range of opinion in the years before the ideological struggle fossilized into Cold War oppositions, this book points to early postwar literary practices as the main vehicle for intellectual dissent, shedding new light on the role of cultural policies in institutionalizing collective memory. During Italy’s transition to democracy, competing narratives over the recent traumatic past emerged and crystallized, depicting the country’s break with Mussolini’s regime as a political and personal redemption from its politics of exclusion and unrestrained use of violence. Conversely, outstanding authors such as Elsa Morante, Carlo Levi, Alberto Moravia, and Curzio Malaparte, in close dialogue with remarkable but now-neglected figures, stressed the cultural continuity between the new democracy and Fascism, igniting heated debates from opposite political standpoints. Their works addressed questions such as the working through of national defeat, Italian responsibility in World War II, and the Holocaust, revealing how the social, racial, and gender biases that characterized Fascism survived after its demise and haunted the newborn democracy.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Ruins and Debris of a Contested History | 1 1. After Italian Totalitarianism | 27 2. The Language of Responsibility | 65 3. Ghosts from a Recent Past | 96 4. Carlo Levi on the Religion of the State | 140 5. Curzio Malaparte, a Tragic Modernity | 172 Conclusion: Tearing Down the Monuments | 199 Acknowledgments | 205 Notes | 209 Bibliography | 265 Index | 295

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Book SynopsisWINNER, HELEN AND HOWARD R. MARRARO PRIZE IN ITALIAN HISTORY Discloses the richness of ideas and sheds light on the controversy that characterized the transition from fascism to democracy, examining authors, works and memories that were subsequently silenced by Cold War politics. How a shared memory of Fascism and its cultural heritage took shape is still today the most disputed question of modern Italy, crossing the boundaries between academic and public discourse. Against Redemption concentrates on the historical period in which disagreement was at its highest: the transition between the downfall of Mussolini in July 1943 and the victory of the Christian Democrats over the Left in the 1948 general elections. By dispelling the silence around the range of opinion in the years before the ideological struggle fossilized into Cold War oppositions, this book points to early postwar literary practices as the main vehicle for intellectual dissent, shedding new light on the role of cultural policies in institutionalizing collective memory. During Italy’s transition to democracy, competing narratives over the recent traumatic past emerged and crystallized, depicting the country’s break with Mussolini’s regime as a political and personal redemption from its politics of exclusion and unrestrained use of violence. Conversely, outstanding authors such as Elsa Morante, Carlo Levi, Alberto Moravia, and Curzio Malaparte, in close dialogue with remarkable but now-neglected figures, stressed the cultural continuity between the new democracy and Fascism, igniting heated debates from opposite political standpoints. Their works addressed questions such as the working through of national defeat, Italian responsibility in World War II, and the Holocaust, revealing how the social, racial, and gender biases that characterized Fascism survived after its demise and haunted the newborn democracy.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Ruins and Debris of a Contested History | 1 1. After Italian Totalitarianism | 27 2. The Language of Responsibility | 65 3. Ghosts from a Recent Past | 96 4. Carlo Levi on the Religion of the State | 140 5. Curzio Malaparte, a Tragic Modernity | 172 Conclusion: Tearing Down the Monuments | 199 Acknowledgments | 205 Notes | 209 Bibliography | 265 Index | 295

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Book SynopsisSheds new light on the mistreatment of downed airmen during World War II and the overall relationship between the air war and state-sponsored violence. Throughout the vast expanse of the Pacific, the remoteness of Southeast Asia, and the rural and urban communities in Nazi-occupied Europe, more than 120,000 American airmen were shot down over enemy territory during World War II, thousands of whom were mistreated and executed. The perpetrators were not just solely fanatical soldiers or Nazi zealots but also ordinary civilians triggered by the death and devastation inflicted by the war. In Forgotten Casualties, author Kevin T Hall examines Axis violence inflicted on downed Allied airmen during this global war. Compared with all other armed conflicts, World War II exhibited the most widespread and ruthless violence committed against airmen. Flyers were deemed guilty because of their association with the Allied air forces, and their fate remained in the hands of their often-hostile captors. Axis citizens angered by the devastation inflicted by the war, along with the regimes’ consent and often encouragement of citizens to take matters into their own hands, resulted in thousands of Allied flyers’ being mistreated and executed by enraged civilians. Written to help advance the relatively limited discourse on the mistreatment against flyers in World War II, Forgotten Casualties is the first book to analyze the Axis violence committed against Allied airmen in a comparative, international perspective. Effectively comparing and contrasting the treatment of POWs in Germany with that of their counterparts in Japan, Hall’s thorough analysis of rarely seen primary and secondary sources sheds new light on the largely overlooked complex relationship among the air war, propaganda, the role of civilians, and state-sponsored terror during the radicalized conflict. Sources include postwar trial testimonies, Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR), Escape and Evasion reports, perpetrators’ explanations and rationalizations for their actions, extensive judicial sources, transcripts of court proceedings, autopsy reports, appeals for clemency, and justifications for verdicts. Drawing heavily on airmen’s personal accounts and the testimonies of both witnesses and perpetrators from the postwar crimes trials, Forgotten Casualties offers a new narrative of this largely overlooked aspect of Axis violence.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations | ix Introduction | 1 1. Axis Policies to Combat Downed Enemy Flyers | 29 2. War Crimes Narratives: Pacific and Southeast Asia | 63 3. War Crimes Narratives: Europe | 104 4. US Postwar Flyer Trials | 129 Conclusion | 143 Appendix: Index of Analyzed US Flyer Trials Held in the Pacific and Southeast Asia | 151 Acknowledgments | 243 Notes | 245 Bibliography | 271 Index | 303

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Book SynopsisSheds new light on the mistreatment of downed airmen during World War II and the overall relationship between the air war and state-sponsored violence. Throughout the vast expanse of the Pacific, the remoteness of Southeast Asia, and the rural and urban communities in Nazi-occupied Europe, more than 120,000 American airmen were shot down over enemy territory during World War II, thousands of whom were mistreated and executed. The perpetrators were not just solely fanatical soldiers or Nazi zealots but also ordinary civilians triggered by the death and devastation inflicted by the war. In Forgotten Casualties, author Kevin T Hall examines Axis violence inflicted on downed Allied airmen during this global war. Compared with all other armed conflicts, World War II exhibited the most widespread and ruthless violence committed against airmen. Flyers were deemed guilty because of their association with the Allied air forces, and their fate remained in the hands of their often-hostile captors. Axis citizens angered by the devastation inflicted by the war, along with the regimes’ consent and often encouragement of citizens to take matters into their own hands, resulted in thousands of Allied flyers’ being mistreated and executed by enraged civilians. Written to help advance the relatively limited discourse on the mistreatment against flyers in World War II, Forgotten Casualties is the first book to analyze the Axis violence committed against Allied airmen in a comparative, international perspective. Effectively comparing and contrasting the treatment of POWs in Germany with that of their counterparts in Japan, Hall’s thorough analysis of rarely seen primary and secondary sources sheds new light on the largely overlooked complex relationship among the air war, propaganda, the role of civilians, and state-sponsored terror during the radicalized conflict. Sources include postwar trial testimonies, Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR), Escape and Evasion reports, perpetrators’ explanations and rationalizations for their actions, extensive judicial sources, transcripts of court proceedings, autopsy reports, appeals for clemency, and justifications for verdicts. Drawing heavily on airmen’s personal accounts and the testimonies of both witnesses and perpetrators from the postwar crimes trials, Forgotten Casualties offers a new narrative of this largely overlooked aspect of Axis violence.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations | ix Introduction | 1 1. Axis Policies to Combat Downed Enemy Flyers | 29 2. War Crimes Narratives: Pacific and Southeast Asia | 63 3. War Crimes Narratives: Europe | 104 4. US Postwar Flyer Trials | 129 Conclusion | 143 Appendix: Index of Analyzed US Flyer Trials Held in the Pacific and Southeast Asia | 151 Acknowledgments | 243 Notes | 245 Bibliography | 271 Index | 303

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Book SynopsisOffers a fascinating window into how the fraught politics of apology in the East Asian region have been figured in anglophone literary fiction. The Pacific War, 1941-1945, was fought across the world’s largest ocean and left a lasting imprint on anglophone literary history. However, studies of that imprint or of individual authors have focused on American literature without drawing connections to parallel traditions elsewhere. Beyond Hostile Islands contributes to ongoing efforts by Australasian scholars to place their national cultures in conversation with those of the United States, particularly regarding studies of the ideologies that legitimize warfare. Consecutively, the book examines five of the most significant historical and thematic areas associated with the war: island combat, economic competition, internment, imprisonment, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Throughout, the central issue pivots around the question of how or whether at all New Zealand fiction writing differs from that of the United States. Can a sense of islandness, the ‘tyranny of distance,’ Māori cultural heritage, or the political legacies of the nuclear-free movement provide grounds for distinctive authorial insights? As an opening gambit, Beyond Hostile Islands puts forward the term ‘ideological coproduction’ to describe how a territorially and demographically more minor national culture may accede to the essentials of a given ideology while differing in aspects that reflect historical and provincial dimensions that are important to it. Appropriately, the literary texts under examination are set in various locales, including Japan, the Solomon Islands, New Zealand, New Mexico, Ontario, and the Marshall Islands. The book concludes in a deliberately open-ended pose, with the full expectation that literary writing on the Pacific War will grow in range and richness, aided by the growth of Pacific Studies as a research area.Table of ContentsForeword by Patrick Porter | vii Introduction 1 1 Revelations and Comedy: The Combat Novel | 25 2 Camera Men: Postwar Japan-Bashing | 55 3 Captive Memories: Internment North and South | 81 4 The Poetics of Apology: FEPOW Narratives | 106 5 Scientists and Hibakusha: Project Novels | 132 Coda | 163 Acknowledgments | 173 Notes | 177 Bibliography | 217 Index | 243

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Book SynopsisOffers a fascinating window into how the fraught politics of apology in the East Asian region have been figured in anglophone literary fiction. The Pacific War, 1941-1945, was fought across the world’s largest ocean and left a lasting imprint on anglophone literary history. However, studies of that imprint or of individual authors have focused on American literature without drawing connections to parallel traditions elsewhere. Beyond Hostile Islands contributes to ongoing efforts by Australasian scholars to place their national cultures in conversation with those of the United States, particularly regarding studies of the ideologies that legitimize warfare. Consecutively, the book examines five of the most significant historical and thematic areas associated with the war: island combat, economic competition, internment, imprisonment, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Throughout, the central issue pivots around the question of how or whether at all New Zealand fiction writing differs from that of the United States. Can a sense of islandness, the ‘tyranny of distance,’ Māori cultural heritage, or the political legacies of the nuclear-free movement provide grounds for distinctive authorial insights? As an opening gambit, Beyond Hostile Islands puts forward the term ‘ideological coproduction’ to describe how a territorially and demographically more minor national culture may accede to the essentials of a given ideology while differing in aspects that reflect historical and provincial dimensions that are important to it. Appropriately, the literary texts under examination are set in various locales, including Japan, the Solomon Islands, New Zealand, New Mexico, Ontario, and the Marshall Islands. The book concludes in a deliberately open-ended pose, with the full expectation that literary writing on the Pacific War will grow in range and richness, aided by the growth of Pacific Studies as a research area.Table of ContentsForeword by Patrick Porter | vii Introduction 1 1 Revelations and Comedy: The Combat Novel | 25 2 Camera Men: Postwar Japan-Bashing | 55 3 Captive Memories: Internment North and South | 81 4 The Poetics of Apology: FEPOW Narratives | 106 5 Scientists and Hibakusha: Project Novels | 132 Coda | 163 Acknowledgments | 173 Notes | 177 Bibliography | 217 Index | 243

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Book SynopsisAccident of Fate is a first-hand account of persecution, rescue, and resistance in the Axis-occupied former Yugoslavia. At the age of thirteen, Imre Rochlitz fled to Yugoslavia from his childhood home in Vienna following the Nazi Anschluss, leaving his family behind. In January 1942 the Ustashe (Croatian Fascists) arrested and interned him in the Jasenovac death camp, where he dug mass graves. On the verge of death, Rochlitz was released due to the extraordinary intervention of a Nazi general. He escaped to the Adriatic coast, where he and several thousand other Jewish refugees were protected by the army of Fascist Italy. After Italy's surrender, he joined Tito's Partisans, becoming an officer and army veterinarian, and rescued dozens of downed Allied airmen. In 1945, he fled Yugoslavia's Communist regime and reached liberated southern Italy. In 1947, at the age of twenty-two, he emigrated to the United States. With unique personal photographs and documents supporting the text, this eyewitness narrative covers little-known topics and provides a revealing historical account of the period. The book helps clarify and render accessible the complexities and contradictions of conflict and genocide in wartime Yugoslavia.Trade ReviewRochlitzs memory is fresh...and while his account benefits from knowledge acquired later, it is primarily the view of a young person living through the most difficult period of European history.... [A] well-written and humane memoir which I would highly recommend to anyone interested in the history of Europe. The book is well illustrated with personal photos and documents and well-drawn maps. Vesna Domany Hardy, Jewish Renaissance Jewish Renaissance September 2011-10-25``With Accident of Fate we have a first-hand record of the much darker period between 1938 and 1945 which, as Rochlitz insists, he survived by pure chance. And very convincingly, after one discovers that over these few years Rochlitz was imprisoned several times, forced to dig mass graves at the Jasenovac death camp and fought alongside fugitive Partisans. It is not, however, Rochlitz's tribulations that distinguish this book, but his sombre observations and unbiased perspective. As a foreign Jew in Yugoslavia, Rochlitz was an outsider, but being young, having learnt the language and being in possession of an amiable character, Imre easily became the Yugoslav Mirko. This peculiar double-sidedness gives Rochlitz's memoir invaluable significance for the historiography of Yugoslavia's wartime fratricide.... The value of Imre Rochlit'z memoir is that it does not attempt to conceal the ordinary. Thus we find rare and rather unpleasant descriptions of how biological needs were met in death transports and camps, or of matters of hygiene during prolonged guerilla resistance. There are also vivid descriptions and scrutiny of the Partisans' sex lives or lack thereof, which remains a taboo for Yugoslav veterans and a controversial subject in historiography to this day. Equally valuable are Rochlitz's stories of how food was procured and provisioned, as well as everyday pastimes and entertainment in zones of war. Finally, he describes how the Partisans perceived the Jews, how they treated dissent and Otherness, and how they navigated between allies and enemies to emerge as sole victors, although at a high price.... Rochlitz proves himself to be a shrewd, incisive and very critical observer.... [In] this book which so impresses with its thoroughness of historic detail, its meticulous research and contextualization, illustrated with authentic photographs, and reprints of original documents and maps. This is a book both for scholars and for the general reader, but especially for young readers who find the horrors of the Holocaust to hard to imagine. While gruff at times, Rochlitz's recollections are never ill-hearted. Behind his criticisms we find a deep, unchallenged humanity and an inspiring passion for life.'' -- Bojan Aleksov -- SEER, 91, 2, April 2013``Imre Rochlitz's book is a memoir of his unique coming of age as a Jewish teenager first in Austria until 1938, and then in Croatia before and during World War II. It manages to combine several books' worth of material in barely two hundred pages. It is simultaneously a Holocaust memoir, a testimony about the Yugoslav Partisan movement from one of its participants, and a lucid reflection on the past by an amateur historian.... Interspersed with the text are the author's comments about the postwar fates of some of the people mentioned, as well as reproductions of wartime documents he found in various archives, and even a bit of his 1995 interview with Fitzroy Maclean, former head of the Allied Mission to Yugoslavia. More interesting for the professional historian are Rochlitz's thought-provoking and occasionally provocative comments about the survivor's burden of memory, Holocaust research, and the very nature of survival. Though he is adamant that he survived by pure chance, not by courage or wits or the intervention of a higher power, the ambiguous title of the book is reflected in the multiple layers of memory and narrative interpretation it contains.'' -- Mirna Zakic, Ohio University -- Austrian History Yearbook, 43, 2012``Imre Rochlitz's book is enlightening and relevant. Sparse and understated, it is all the more powerful and emotionally moving. The author suffered many devastating personal losses during the war, and retains to this day a profound sorrow about mishaps and mistakes, bad timing, and sheer bad luck. He never expresses self-pity, but writes of what he might have done better and what he learned from his experiences. His readers acquire a deep respect for his courage and humanity under the most horrifying of circumstances. Accident of Fate is one of the best Holocaust memoirs I have read in a long time.'' -- Susan Zuccotti, author of The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescueand Survival and Under His Very Windows: The Vatican andthe Holocaust in Italy``Rochlitz intersperses his taut, lively narrative with both textual and visual documentary material.... Here too he interjects his own later discoveries or encounters with characters from the main story. The documents come from private and general archival sources, all of which are cited in the acknowledgements at the end. The book also includes a helpful glossary of names and places, an index, a short bibliography of works in English for the general reader, and a list of the some sixty Allied airmen and POWs whom the young Imre encountered during the war in Yugoslavia.... American readers will appreciate the book's illumination of the complex Yugoslav political landscape as battleground between the Allied and the Axis powers, and among the different ethnic groups. The young Rochlitz himself, fighting with the Yugoslav partisans and struggling to negotiate anti-Semitic, anti-German, and anti-Hungarian (since at that point the Hungarians were allied with the Germans) sentiment, claimed to be a Slovene, a group ânot particularly hated by either the Serbs or the Croats, who were busy hating each otherâ.'' -- Cecile Cazort Zorach, Franklin and Marshall College -- Yearbook of German-American Studies, Volume 46, 2011Table of Contents Accident of Fate: A Personal Account, 1938-1945 by Imre Rochlitz and Joseph Rochlitz List of Illustrations Preface Prologue: Vienna 1. Anschluss 2. Zagreb 3. Invasion 4. Prison 5. Jasenovac 6. Release and Escape 7. Split 8. Novi 9. Kraljevica 10. Rab 11. Lika 12. Joining the Partisans 13. Veterinarian 14. A Communist Regime 15. Friendships and Hardships 16. Airmen 17. Seventh Offensive 18. The Captain and the Commissar 19. Vlado 20. Departure Epilogue Acknowledgements Appendix Glossary of Names and Places Selected Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Terry Copp's tireless teaching, research, and writing has challenged generations of Canadian veterans, teachers, and students to discover an informed memory of their country's role in the Second World War. This collection, drawn from the work of Terry's colleagues and former students, considers Canada and the Second World War from a wealth of perspectives. Social, cultural, and military historians address topics under five headings: The Home Front, The War of the Scientists, The Mediterranean Theatre, Normandy/Northwest Europe, and The Aftermath. The questions considered are varied and provocative: How did Canadian youth and First Nations peoples understand their wartime role? What position did a Canadian scientist play in the Allied victory and in the peace? Were veterans of the Mediterranean justified in thinking theirs was the neglected theatre? How did the Canadians in Normandy overcome their opponents but not their historians? Why was a Cambridge scholar attached to First Canadian Army to protect monuments? And why did Canadians come to commemorate the Second World War in much the same way they commemorated the First? The study of Canada in the Second World War continues to challenge, confound, and surprise. In the questions it poses, the evidence it considers, and the conclusions it draws, this important collection says much about the lasting influence of the work of Terry Copp. Foreword by John Cleghorn. Trade Review``In one sense, the book...is a simple but elegant testimony by colleagues and former students to [Terry Copp's] eminence as a scholar and teacher; on another, it speaks loudly about the vibrancy and depth of Canadian military history that has developed over the past quarter century.'' -- Brian JC McKercher, Royal Military College, Kingston, ON -- Cercles, 2014``This ... collection of essays ... asks familiar questions but provides new answers.... While many of the essays take a traditional military history approach and come to new insights through a careful reinterpretation of the sources, other sections also deal with the social and political history of the home front and the cultural impact of the war and its aftermath.... This volume provides much that is new and interesting about Canada's war effort, embracing different historical approaches but emphasizing the importance of evidence-based historical interpretation. Terry Copp has taught his students well, and this book is a fitting Festschrift honoring his distinguished career.'' -- Angelike Sauer, Texan Lutheran University -- Yearbook of German American Studies, Spring 2015Table of Contents Canada and the Second World War: Essays in Honour of Terry Copp, edited by Geoffrey Hayes, Mike Bechthold, and Matt Symes Foreword John Cleghorn Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 2 Terry Copp's Approach to History Mark Osborne Humphries The Home Front 3 ""To Hold on High the Torch of Liberty"":Canadian Youth and the Second World War Cynthia Comacchio 4 Fighting a White Man's War? First Nations Participation in the Canadian War Effort, 1939-1945 Scott Sheffield 5 Harnessing Journalists to the War Machine: Canada's Domestic Press Censors in the Second World War Mark Bourrie 6 Dangerous Curves: Canadian Drivers and Mechanical Transport in Two World Wars Andrew Iarocci 7 How C.P. Stacey Became the Army's Official Historian The Writing of The Military Problems of Canada, 1937-1940 Roger Sarty The War of the Scientists 8 ""Strike Hard, Strike Sure"": Bomber Harris, Precision Bombing, and Decision Making in RAF Bomber Command Randall Wakelam 9 Leadership and Science at War: Colonel Omond Solandt and the British Army Operational Research Group, 1943-1945 Jason Ridler 10 Wartime Military Innovation and the Creation of Canada's Defence Research Board Andrew Godefroy The Mediterranean Theatre 11 Overlord's Long Right Flank: The Battles for Cassino and Anzio, January-June 1944 Lee Windsor 12 A Sharp Tool Blunted: The First Special Service Force in the Breakout from Anzio James A. Wood 13 La culture tactique canadienne: le cas de l'opération Chesterfield, 23 mai 1944 Yves Tremblay 14 Knowing Enough Not to Interfere: Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes at the Lamone River, December 1944 Douglas E. Delaney Northwest Europe 15 No Ambush, No Defeat: The Advance of the Vanguard of the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 7 June 1944 Marc Milner CORRECTION: Free download of updated version of Chapter 15 16 Defending the Normandy Bridgehead: The Battles for Putot-en-Bessin, 7-9 June 1944 Mike Bechthold 17 Operation Smash and 4 Canadian Armoured Division's Drive to Trun Angelo Caravaggio 18 A History of Lieutenant Jones Geoffrey Hayes The Aftermath 19 A Biography of Major Ronald Edmond Balfour Michelle Fowler 20 The Personality of Memory: The Process of Informal Commemoration in Normandy Matt Symes 21 An Open Door to a Better Future: The Memory of Canada's Second World War Jonathan F. Vance Contributors Terry Copp: A Select Bibliography

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Book SynopsisBlowing the Whistle on Genocide tells the story of Josiah E. DuBois, Jr., a young Treasury Department lawyer who risked his career to alert the world to the Holocaust. As Nazism rose in Germany, many countries refused to allow Jewish immigration. The United States spurred on by the America First Committee wanted to remain neutral during the early days of World War II. Anti-Semitic influences kept the United States from filing its quotas for refugees supposedly to keep Nazi spies out of the country. Dubois exposed the inequities in America's refugee policy and forced the United States government to take action to rescue the displaced Jews. Josiah E. DuBois, Jr. was a different kind of hero of the Holocaust. He was not a rescuer, and he did not shelter refugees. He was a whistle-blower and opened the eyes of the global community to Nazi atrocities.Trade ReviewWell, let's face it. There's no question in my mind that some of the people over there [US State Department] -- I put their names in my book -- were actually just plain anti-Semitic. It's just that simple, there's no question"— transcript of Josiah E. DuBois, Jr during a tape-recorded interview conducted for the Harry S. Truman Library, 1973

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Book SynopsisBetween December 1938 and September 1939, nearly ten thousand refugee children from Central Europe, mostly Jewish, found refuge from Nazism in Great Britain. This was known as the Kindertransport movement, in which the children entered as "transmigrants," planning to return to Europe once the Nazis lost power. In practice, most of the kinder, as they called themselves, remained in Britain, eventually becoming citizens. This book charts the history of the Kindertransport movement, focusing on the dynamics that developed between the British government, the child refugee organizations, the Jewish community in Great Britain, the general British population, and the refugee children.After an analysis of the decision to allow the children entry and the machinery of rescue established to facilitate its implementation, the book follows the young refugees from their European homes to their resettlement in Britain either with foster families or in refugee hostels. Evacuated from the cities with hundreds of thousands of British children, they soon found themselves in the countryside with new foster families, who often had no idea how to deal with refugee children barely able to understand English. Members of particular refugee children's groups receive special attention: participants in the Youth Aliyah movement, who immigrated to the United States during the war to reunite with their families; those designated as "Friendly Enemy Aliens" at the war's outbreak, who were later deported to Australia and Canada; and Orthodox refugee children, who faced unique challenges attempting to maintain religious observance when placed with Gentile foster families who at times even attempted to convert them. Based on archival sources and follow-up interviews with refugee children both forty and seventy years after their flight to Britain, this book gives a unique perspective into the political, bureaucratic, and human aspects of the Kindertransport scheme prior to and during World War II.

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Book SynopsisGermany's acceptance of its direct responsibility for the Holocaust has strengthened its relationship with Israel and has led to a deep commitment to combat antisemitism and rebuild Jewish life in Germany. As we draw close to a time when there will be no more firsthand experience of the horrors of the Holocaust, there is great concern about what will happen when German responsibility turns into history. Will the present taboo against open antisemitism be lifted as collective memory fades? There are alarming signs of the rise of the far right, which includes blatantly antisemitic elements, already visible in public discourse. But it is mainly the radicalization of the otherwise moderate Muslim population of Germany and the entry of almost a million refugees since 2015 from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan that appears to make German society less tolerant and somewhat less inhibited about articulating xenophobic attitudes. The evidence is unmistakable-overt antisemitism is dramatically increasing once more.The Future of the German-Jewish Past deals with the formidable challenges created by these developments. It is conceptualized to offer a variety of perspectives and views on the question of the future of the German-Jewish past. The volume addresses topics such as antisemitism, Holocaust memory, historiography, and political issues relating to the future relationship between Jews, Israel, and Germany. While the central focus of this volume is Germany, the implications go beyond the German-Jewish experience and relate to some of the broader challenges facing modern societies today.Table of Contents Acknowledgments The Future of the German-Jewish Past Starts Here, by Gideon Reuveni THE PERSONAL, THE HISTORICAL, AND THE MAKING OF GERMAN-JEWISH MEMORY "No More Mr. Nice Guy": Questioning the Ideal of Assimilation, by Alan Posener Generation in Flux: Diasporic Reflections on the Future of German-Jewishness, by Sheer Ganor Home on the Balcony: New Initiatives for the Preservation of Documents and Material Objects Relating to German-Jewish History, by Joachim Schlör From Object to Subject: Representing Jews and Jewishness at the Jewish Museum Berlin, by Michal Friedlander Past Imperfect, Future Tense: A Mother's Letter about Loss, Storytelling, and the Profound Ambivalence of the German-Jewish Legacy, by Nicola Glucksmann LOOKING BACK TO FUTURE VISIONS OF THE GERMAN-JEWISH PAST The Ever-Dying Jewry? Prophets of Doom and theSurvival of European Jewry, by Michael Brenner The Thin Crust of Civilization: Lessons from the German-Jewish Past, by Mathias Berek The Dialectics of Tradition: German-Jewish Studies and the Future, by Galili Shahar "Noch ist unsere Hoffnung nicht dahin!" Fritz Pinkuss's View on Germans, Jews, and the Universal Value of the German-Jewish Past, by Björn Siegel GERMAN-JEWISHNESS AND DIFFERENCE On the Possibilities and Impossibilities of Being Jewish in Postwar Germany, by Sandra Anusiewicz-Baer Jewish Studies without the "Other", by Klaus Hödl Rethinking Jews, Antisemitism, and Jewish Differencein Postwar Germany, by Lisa Silverman Newspaper Feuilletons: Reflections on the Possibilities of German-Jewish Authorship and Literature, by Liliane Weissberg THE GERMAN-ISRAELI COMPLEX Navigating Mythical Time: Israeli Jewish Migrants and the Identity Play of Mirrors, by Dani Kranz "The Sun Does Not Shine, It Radiates": On National(ist) Mergings in German Philosemitic Imagery of Tel Aviv, by Hannah C. Tzuberi Does the German-Jewish Past Have a Future in Israel?, by Moshe Zimmermann NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR GERMAN-JEWISH STUDIES The Psychology of Antisemitism Revisited, by Anthony D. Kauders Jewish and German: The Leo Baeck Institute Archives and Library, by Frank Mecklenburg Toward a Transnational Jewish Historiography: Reflections on a Possible Future Path for the German-Jewish Past, by Guy Miron Digital German-Jewish Futures: Experiential Learning, Activism, and Entertainment, by Kerry Wallach Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisEva and Otto is a truestory about German opposition and resistance to Hitler as revealed through the early lives of Eva Lewinski Pfister (1910–1991) and Otto Pfister (1900–1985). It is an intimate and epic account of two Germans—Eva born Jewish, Otto born Catholic—who worked with a little-known German political group that resisted and fought against Hitler in Germany before 1933 and then in exile in Paris before the German invasion of France in May 1940. After their improbable escapes from separate internment and imprisonment in Europe, Eva obtained refuge in America in October 1940 where she worked to rescue other endangered political refugees, including Otto, with the help of Eleanor Roosevelt. As revealed in recently declassified records, Eva and Otto later engaged in different secret assignments with the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in support of the Allied war effort. Despite their vastly different backgrounds, Eva and Otto gave each other hope and strength as they acted upon what they understood to be an ethical duty to help others threatened by fascism. The book provides a sobering insight into the personal risks and costs of a commitment to that duty. Their unusually beautiful writing—directed to each other in diaries and correspondence during two long periods of wartime separation—also reveals an unlikely and inspiring love story.Table of Contents Preface Prologue Part I. Eva's Path to 28 Boulevard Poissonnière 1. Childhood in Goldap (1910–1926) 2. Study in France and at the Walkemühle (1926–1932) 3. Anti-Nazi Work in Germany (1932–1933) 4. Early Years in Exile in Paris (1933–1935) Part II. Otto's Path to 28 Boulevard Poissonnière 5. Childhood in Munich (1900–1920) 6. "Education" in Italy and France (1920–1935) Part III. Resistance and Love in Paris, 1935–1940 7. Anti-Nazi Work in Paris 8. War Begins: Internment, Sabotage, and Love Part IV. German Invasion on May 9, 1940: Eva and Otto Forced on Separate Paths 9. Eva's Internment at Vélodrome d'Hiver and Camp de Gurs 10. Eva's Refuge in Castagnède, Montauban, and Marseille 11. Otto's Capture and Imprisonment by the Nazis 12. Otto's Return to Paris and Flight to Montauban 13. Eva's Escape over the Pyrenees and Unexpected Delay in Lisbon Eva's Voyage from Lisbon to New York Part V. New York, 1940–1941: Urgent Efforts to Rescue ISK Colleagues, including Otto 15. Eva's Daunting Task of Obtaining U.S. Visas 16. Help from Eleanor Roosevelt and Other Americans 17. Three Crucial Meetings on December 27, 1940 18. 1940 Correspondence 19. Eva's Other Activities before the End of 1940 20. Further Pleas to Help Otto and Other Refugees 21. Otto's Wait for a Visa in Southern France 22. Otto's Escape to America 23. Eva's Defense of Her Decision to Marry Otto Part VI. Rescue Efforts and Work for the OSS in the Face of Personal Challenges 24. Priorities: Eva's Rescue and Relief Work 25. René-Eva Correspondence: Eva's Secret Work with the Office of Strategic Services 26. Three Big Decisions in 1943–1944 27. A Devastating Loss Part VII. Separated Again 28. Otto's OSS Mission and Eva and Otto's Wartime Correspondence 29. The War Drags On, Reports on Nazi Atrocities, and Another Personal Loss 30. Questions about the Future as the Allies Battle in Europe Part VIII. Hope Renewed 31. 1945: Signs of Spring as the War in Europe Grinds to an End 32. A New Life Epilogue Afterword Acknowledgments Appendix A. Summary Backgrounds of ISK Members on Eva's List of Applicants for Emergency Visas Appendix B. Examples of René-Eva and Robert-Eclair Correspondence Appendix C. Eva's Memorial Summary of Otto's Life Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrom 1941 through 1945, British cadets in the Royal Air Force trained in the United States through the Lend-Lease Act, President Roosevelt's ingenious plan to help beleaguered Great Britain while maintaining the semblance of neutrality. This book tells the saga of two Florida training fields during this turbulent time. In their own words, British pilots tell of their Florida experiences. Many of them still in their late teens, away from home for the first time, pale and thin from years of rationing, these young men encountered immense challenges and overwhelming generosity during their training in Florida. Now retired, these former pilots still smell the scent of orange blossoms when they glance through the log books they kept while flying their Stearmans and Harvards over Florida citrus groves. They fondly remember the times when they buzzed over the homes of their Florida "families" to let them know to expect them for Sunday dinner. More than fifty years later, their stories still resonate with universal emotions: fear of failure, love of country, camaraderie, romantic love, and the pain of tragic deaths. Their stories also remind the American reader of a unique time in our history, when, poised on the brink of war, the United States reached out to help a country in distress.Table of Contents Acknowledgments Editor's Note Introduction Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Florida Riddle Field, Clewiston, Florida The Yanks The Instructors Community Friendships L'Envoi: The Terrible Cost of War Appendix: Watch Your Language Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe recording, explanation and the inescapable task of judging great wrongs in the past presents historians with their most difficult assignment. For those who have either lived through such injustice or have been in some way responsible for it the impositions of memory are both painful and unavoidable. Memory shapes the future, and the recollections of past suffering haunt and may overwhelm generations long after. In 1938 the National Socialist Party in Germany began the final preparations for the systematic genocide of the Jews throughout Europe. For the Jews, whose national loyalties had long exceeded any ties of ethnicity, the programme of extermination was an act not merely of monstrous cruelty but of humiliation and treachery. In Holocaust Remembrance scholars, artists and writers consider the ways in which the events of 1938-1945 have been, might be, and will be remembered. The records of the Holocaust are vast and various, ranging from the museum at Auschwitz to the cartoons of Art Spiegelman, from the dark paintings of R. B. Kitaj to the elegaic stories of Primo Levi, from the filmed testimonies of the death camp survivors to revisionist historians who usurp the name of scholar in the pursuit of denial and evasion. The perspectives brought to bear here are rich and various - impassioned, objective, personal, poetical, historical and philosophical. They are united by an awareness of the dangers both of respectful silence and overwhelming information, and that only in remembering can an understanding of the past be sought and human kind redeemed from the forces of humiliation and guilt.Trade Review"Hartman has assembled penetrating essays that constitute of ameningful act of remembrance." Publishers Weekly "An outstanding interdisciplinary anthology. Hartman's Holocaust Remembrance is simultaneously representative of, and a major contribution to, the best literature on this subject." The HistorianTable of ContentsDarkness Visible: Geoffrey Hartman. 1. On Testimony: Annette Wieviork (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Paris). 2. The Library of Jewish Catastrophe: David Roskies (Jewish Theological Seminary of America). 3. Voices from the Killing Ground: Sara Horowitz (University of Delaware). 4. Jean Amery as Witness: Alvin Rosenfeld (Indiana University). 5. Remembering Survival: Lawrence Langer (Simmons College). 6. Christian Witness and the Shoah: David Tracy (University of Chicago). 7. Film as Witness: Lanzmann's Shoah: Shoshana Felman (Yale University). 8. Charlotte Salomon's Inward-Turning Testimony: Mary Felstiner (San Francisco State University). 9. 'Varschreibt!': R. B. Kitaj. 10. Conversation in the Cemetery: Dan Pagis and the Prosaics of Memory: Sidra Ezrahi (Hebrew University of Jerusalem). 11. Chinese History and Jewish Memory: Vera Schwarcz (Wesleyan University). 12. The Awakening: Aharon Applefeld. 13. Facing the Glass Booth: Haim Gouri. 14. The Andean Waltz: Leo Spitzer (Dartmouth College). 15. German-Jewish Memory and National Consciousness: Miriam Hansen & Michael Geyer (both University of Chicago). 16. Negating the Dead: Nadine Fresco (Centre National de Recherche Scientique, Paris). 17. 'The First Blow': Projects for the Camp at Fossoli: Giovanni Leoni. 18. Jewish Memory in Poland: James Young (University of Massachusetts, Amherst). 19. Reclaining Auschwwitz: Deborah Dwork & Robert Jan van Pelt (Yale Child Study Center & University of British Columbia). 20. Memory, Trauma and the Writing of History: Saul Friedlander (Tel Aviv University). 'Liberation' (poem): Abraham Sutzkever.

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