Science & Nature Books

Book SynopsisOver the past decade or so, we have seen a multitude of improvement programmes and projects to improve the safety of patient care in healthcare. However, the full potential of these efforts and especially those that seek to address an entire system has not yet been reached. The current pandemic has made this more evident than ever.We have tended to focus on problems in isolation, one harm at a time, and our efforts have been simplistic and myopic. If we are to save more lives and significantly reduce patient harm, we need to adopt a holistic, systematic approach that extends across cultural, technological, and procedural boundaries. Patient Safety Now is about the fact that it is time to care for everyone impacted by patient safety, how we need to take the time to care for everyone in a meaningful way and how hospitals need to enable staff time to care safely.This book builds on the authorâs two previous books on patient safety. Rethinking Patient Safety Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. About the Author. Introduction. 1 How Did We Get Here? 2 Where Do We Want to Be? 3 How Do We Get There? Conclusion. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Strategic Alliances Fieldbook: The Art of Agile Alliances is for technology and professional services practitioners and executives seeking faster value from their partnerships as traditional alliances are changing rapidly in form and tempo.Digitising customer channels and internal operations has been a long-running initiative for most companies, and the global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the urgency and budgets associated with the digital transformations that technology and professional services companies support. The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook compiles a century of the authors' experience of leading joint businesses to solve the problem of how to go fast and avoid common issues that delay alliances. The reader will get a detailed analysis of professional services companies and technology companies and how the dynamics of their collective culture and operating model are shaped when working in partnership. The book provides a Blueprint'Trade Review"We are in the middle of a major transformation of how companies go to market – and ecosystems are the main reason why. Driven by strategic business and technology alliances, this action-oriented book provides the tactical advice leaders need to succeed in the decade of the ecosystem."Jay McBain, Principal Analyst, Channels, Partnerships & Ecosystems, Forrester Research, Inc."The Strategic Alliance Handbook is a great resource for understanding strategic alliances. But The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook goes one level deeper and gives readers the ability to put the principles into practice. It is packed with useful blueprints and templates that can be adapted to suit particular needs. I have no hesitation in recommending this book to all practicing alliance managers."Tina Gravel, SVP Channels and Alliances, Appgate"If you are in the technology space, The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook is a MUST read. Technology companies are at an inflection point, and those invested in partnerships will far outpace those companies who lack this vision. Booth, Nevin and Whitehurst, just created the bible for Alliance professionals and the c-suite."Dave Mortell, Global Vice President Alliances & Channels, Cornerstone OnDemand"A practical guide to partnerships that really packs a punch! This is an uber modern approach to alliances, suitable for partnering in the most agile and digitally evolving ecosystems. A partnerships blueprint with a unique blend of future-thinking that's grounded in decades worth of industry and leadership legacy. This is my new go-to source for optimising and sustaining value creation at every stage of tech and innovation alliances." Erica Katsambis, Global Head of Strategic Alliances & Consumer Digital Partnerships, CKH Innovation"What a great resource for this fast-paced, tumultuous era of change! The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook provides a compendium of practical and timely fundamentals for Alliance professionals." Christine Neary, Global Microsoft Alliance Leader at Avanade"It's one thing to acknowledge the importance of eco-systems in an ever more technology-driven world – it’s quite another to know how to harness the potential of the eco-system in creating business outcomes. The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook is by far the most comprehensive and practical guide to creating and sustaining successful business relationships. It’s the ‘Hitchhiker’s Guide’ for the modern Alliances leader."Paul McCluskey, VP/GM, Global Partner Engagement at Ciena Blue Planet ''If you recognise and practice alliances as a professional career, I would strongly recommend Mike's invaluable experiences and insights on using his alliance approach methodology. The nature of working with global IT services can be daunting and complex and you can definitely broaden your experiences and future-proof your knowledge to another level with The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook. It contains proven experience to optimise mutual investments for success'' Sid Sehdev, Regional Sales Alliance Manager, Global Outsourcers & System Integrators (GOSI) EMEA Emerging Markets, BMC Software"The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook is set to establish itself as an essential toolbox for all aspiring alliance gurus who want to explore many different topics on alliance management. An easy-to-read, concise overview of the principles of building strategic alliances. It is written from a practical point of view using examples from several organizations."Rajeev Ranjan, Director- SI Alliances, Newgen"Filled with practical insights and examples from where the rubber meets the road in the field, The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook is a must-read for alliance leaders who want to set themselves apart from the herd. The emphasis on agile alliances is timely and spot-on!"Gavin Simpson, VP Global Strategic Alliances at iCIMS"Mike is a skilled and passionate ecosystem leader. His work contributes effectively to the advancement of business ecosystems as a competitive advantage for companies. The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook continues that tradition by providing practical help for ecosystem builders." David Hayat, Founder, Tydex Group and Former Global MD, Accenture Global Ecosystem"Strategic Alliances has been and will be a business tool / process which no company can live without. While at IBM, ABP’s assistance helped us define the processes which drove $10B per year. Even with IBM’s size, we needed the street knowledge our partners provided. Every C Level executive needs to read this playbook and learn how to win with alliances."Jay Ennesser, Founder, Prane Holdings LLC, Retired IBM VP Global Alliances"As The Strategic Alliance Handbook provided explanation and demonstration of strategic alliances, The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook partners and mentors with that knowledge to guide and enable quick transformation of plans and strategy to action giving you the edge to deliver your best alliance."Rick Tolan, Digital Transformation Expert, Tolan-Hoechst & Associates"What do you do if you're just starting out within the alliance field? How do you gain some real-world knowledge from someone who's been there and done it, lived & breathed it, and got both the t-shirt & scars to prove it? The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook is not some academic exercise, but a framework of processes, hacks & tried & tested examples, that will answer many of your questions, and guide you in building longevity and forge real bonds with your partners, whether you're a mere alliances Padawan, or a Jedi Master, this book should be an essential piece of kit in everyone's armoury."Andy Pugh, Leader in cybersecurity, cloud, privacy, compliance, AI & eCommerce. Honorary STEM Ambassador & BIEA Special Advisor"The high-calibre authors Gavin Booth, Mike Nevin, and James Whitehurst have created an invaluable asset for the experienced as well as the novice partner channel professional who are tasked with building out new or strengthening and expanding existing alliances relationships in this new era of partner ecosystems. Partner channels have changed so much since their early days 30 years ago and will remain dynamic in the future, transforming their position and value to align with the ever-adjusting market demands. The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook: The Art of Agile Alliances is a very well-written playbook with brilliantly curated content to provide best practices."Richard Ludwig, Head of Partner Programs and Operations, Imperva"The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook is a very practical and useful resource for Global Alliances leaders. I like the approach to combine three different perspectives. I am a big believer in the ‘blueprint’ proposed in the book. A MUST have guide for alliance sales leaders in the 21st Century!"Vineet Sharma, Head of Global Alliance Sales, Rocket Software."The world of Alliances is complex and today, nothing has been as complete a guide as The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook created here. This guide, for sure, will become the bedside table book of all professionals in this field."Julie Goubet, Global Head of Strategic Alliances, bChannels"With partner ecosystems becoming the force multiplier for most go-to market strategies, this fieldbook should be kept close at hand for any professional wanting a guide to ensure their success. Professionals in alliances, partnerships, channel sales, indirect sales, corporate development, and even direct sales, all need to know the winning formulas in this book to create the recipes for hyper growth expected by today’s stakeholders."Ward Christman, Co-Founder HRTechAlliances"The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook is the perfect companion. Helps you benchmark your alliance performance and make sure success is had by all parties."Ben Price, Channel and Alliances Manager, Leapwork."The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook helps alliance leaders who want to dramatically drive up client value and revenue by providing the blueprint for building value-added, agile alliances and achieving alliance-driven commercial success."Preeta Raman, Head of Alliances Go to Market, Office of the CMO, vArmour "A thought-provoking book, lasering in on the complexities facing alliances in the evolving post-pandemic, digital world. The progressive concept of the Agile Alliance is examined to decode the imperative need to drive speed-to-value. A must-read for any alliance professional in the high tech/services space."Ashleigh Gray, VP Strategic Partnerships, Vidyard"This book is a must read for every company who wants to be successful with their Partners and develop their Sales leveraging their Partner Ecosystems. The authors all clearly have a wealth of practical knowledge which they share without reserve. If you are an alliance executive, you should buy this book. You won’t regret it!"Jean-Pierre Degonbert, CEO and Founder Alliances4Business"If you are an alliance professional or just someone that wants to demystify the latest development in alliance practice, this has all the hallmarks of a seminal reference handbook. You will be thumbing through it for years to come to refresh your memory on the whys, what fors and what nots of strategic alliancing! Get the page markers out." Sami Istephan, VP Global Alliances, BAE Systems"Disruptions in today’s global business environment make strategic relationships critical for a company’s success. Mike, Gavin, and Jim’s handbook applies years of hands-on knowledge essential for alliance professionals to deliver high-quality results to their organization."William Welch, Global Alliances and Strategy Professional"We are facing drastic changes in the business relationships and buyers’ behaviours. In this highly interconnected world, trust and commitment are more than ever expected by the key stakeholders. Only by embedding those values can strategic alliances sustain your business and help you scale fast. How to build the perfect plan and execute accordingly? You will find the answers in The Strategic Alliances Fieldbook. The tools, advice and surgical content are powerful."Eric Mamodaly, Global Sales & Alliances Management Executive, ADP"Brilliant job from Mike, Jim and Gavin at providing a holistic and practical approach to strategic alliances. As with many areas of business, this domain is transforming fast, and they help readers to understand the context, scale and direction of this pivot to agility and growth driven progress in modern alliances. Also, a great read for anyone new to tech alliances, or keen to get a very thorough update."Nicolas Caudron, Global ISVs Alliances Director, WW Retail & Consumer Goods Lead, Microsoft "I have had the pleasure of knowing Mike Nevin for 15+ years. As the founder of Alliance Best Practice Ltd, Mike has long been on the forefront of cutting-edge Alliance Professionals. Combining with his professional colleagues, publishing the "Strategic Alliances Fieldbook" couldn't come at a better time. While organizations continue to prioritize digital transformation within their enterprise, current business environments require much more agile alliances. This book will be a terrific tool for you to use in transforming your own "Alliance Best Practices"."Steve Simmons, AVP, Strategic Partner Group, Cognizant"A refreshing approach to strategic alliances' engagement transformation. A must read for Technology vendors seeking to influence customers' digital transformation outcomes. Customers' ecosystems are already complex and are becoming even more specialized, this blueprint could save hours of "trials" and fortified resource allocation in partnering strategically."Angelica Martinez, Senior Director, Oracle Alliance and Channel, North-East Europe"Alliances are increasingly important, especially for the many start-up companies that need to shift gears and address enterprises – yet most alliance managers' working mode is 'trial and error'! You can do better, and this book is the key to it!"Stephan Neuner, Senior Partner Manager, Global and Strategic Alliances at Spryker"With uncertain times and ever-changing priorities, alliance professionals are always navigating through the morass of balancing their company’s priorities with that of their partner. The Strategic Alliance Fieldbook provides alliance professionals a master class-level guide of how and how not to engage when navigating alliance planning, driving execution, and delivering joint success. The real-world case studies provide a variety of examples demonstrating how to partner and more importantly, partner well."Liz Fuller, Vice President, Alliance Marketing & Strategic Programs at CitrixTable of Contents1. The evolving dynamics of alliances 2. Technology companies 3. Professional Services companies 4. Dynamics 5. VST A best practice model for alliance management 6. A Blueprint for Agile Alliances 7. Blueprint Stage 1 - Validate Market 8. Blueprint Stage 2 - Design Partnership 9. Blueprint Stage 3 - Enable Sales and Delivery 10. Blueprint Stage 4 - Originate and Pursuit 11. Blueprint Stage 5 - Contract and Deliver 12. Blueprint Stage 6 - Improve 13. The Future of Agile Alliances

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Book SynopsisCats are cuddly and adorable, but they are often misunderstood. Sadly, many cats are relinquished to shelters or rehomed due to normal behaviors that are incorrectly treated or mishandled. In this book, Elite Fear-Free and Low-Stress Handling Certified author Alana Linsay Stevenson empowers cat parents and teaches them how to address and modify challenging feline behavior.You will begin by learning basic kitten care and feline developmental stages; how cats differ behaviorally from group animals, such as dogs and people; feline body language; and how cats handle stress. Alana provides concise instruction on how to gently handle cats: how to pick up and carry them, acclimate them to carriers, the use of towels, alternatives to scruffing, and how our body language affects cats. Packed with photographs for visual reference, this book offers clear guidelines and easily implementable strategies for resolving feline behavioral problems, such as: failure to use the litter box play aggression petting aggression inter-cat aggression furniture scratching jumping on counters obsessing about food night wailing fear of people aggression to strangers The content is organized by topic for easy access to information, as you need it.The Good Cat Parentâs Guide to Feline Behavior Modification is for anyone who likes cats and wants to learn more about them. Whether you are a veterinary professional, a volunteer or shelter worker who regularly handles stressed cats, or a cat parent who simply wants to understand your cat, you will find helpful and useful information at your fingertips to give cats a better quality of life. No cat parent should be without this book!Table of ContentsGlossary. 1 Kitten Basics. 2 Basic Feline Care & Enrichment. 3 Body Language & Communication. 4 Emotional Bonding and Your Relationship with Your Cat. 5 Humane Handling. 6 Behavior Problems. 7 Geriatric, Aging and Unwell Cats. 8 Societal Issues. Glossary/Definitions.

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Book SynopsisThe Human Skeleton: The Basics provides an accessible overview of the basic characteristics of the human skeleton that can be used to understand the life and (sometimes) death of persons represented only by their skeletons. Topics covered include: Osteology (bones) and Odontology (teeth) Estimating Ancestry, Sex, and Age at Death Calculating Stature Skeletal Anomalies Cultural Modifications, e.g. cranial and dental Pathological conditions, e.g. disease, trauma, etc.The Human Skeleton: The Basics is an essential read for students, faculty, and professionals in anthropology, biology, forensics, and criminal justice.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisMartin Harwit, author of the influential book Cosmic Discovery, asks key questions about the scope of observational astronomy. Humans have long sought to understand the world we inhabit. Recent realization of how our unruly Universe distorts information before it ever reaches us reveals distinct limits on how well we will ultimately understand the Cosmos. Even the best instruments we might conceive will inevitably be thwarted by ever more complex distortions and will never untangle the data completely. Observational astronomy, and the cost of pursuing it, will then have reached an inherent end. Only some totally different lines of approach, as yet unknown and potentially far more costly, might then need to emerge if we wish to learn more. This accessible book is written for all astronomers, astrophysicists, and those curious about how well we will ever understand the Universe and the potential costs of pushing those limits.Trade Review'A fitting conclusion, and perhaps the most provocative of Martin Harwit's trilogy, Cosmic Discovery, In Search of the True Universe, and now Cosmic Messengers, which discusses the limitations of what we can learn about the universe from observational astronomy, and the implications for the future of observational astronomy and society.' Lennard A. Fisk, Thomas M. Donahue Distinguished University Professor of Space Science, University of Michigan'This brilliant work by the distinguished astrophysicist - and philosophy-of-science theoretician - Martin Harwit brings forward a uniquely synthesized view of astronomy and astrophysics, and how we got to be where we are in understanding the Universe. This magnum opus is a fascinating book that should be read by all astrophysicists and held by all libraries.' Jay M. Pasachoff, Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy, Williams College, Massachusetts'… this is an interesting and challenging book.' Robert Connon Smith, The Observatory magazine'I am not aware of a better 36-page introduction to cosmology. … the book is interesting and informative.' William L. Vanderburgh, Metascience'Cosmic Messengers should be of interest to a wide audience of astronomers, other scientists, historians of science, government agency planners, and anyone who wants to see the fruits of curiosity- driven research. It will also be a valuable resource to students and others aiming to place their research into a much larger context.' James Moran, Physics TodayTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Instruments, Messengers, and Cosmic Messages: 1. Instruments, Messengers, Astrophysics and Cosmochemistry; 2. Primordial Messengers and their Interpretation; Part II. The Bounded Energies of Nature's Messengers: 3. Cosmic Ray Particles, Photons, and Leptons; 4. Gravitational Waves; 5. Gravitational Lensing; Part III. Parameters Specifying Individual Messengers: 6. The Ranges of Messenger Parameters; Part IV The Pace of Progress; 7. An Era of Surveys; 8. The Accumulation of Discoverable Phenomena; 9. The Human Aspect of the Cosmic Search; Appendix: Symbols, Glossary, Units and their Ranges; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this Element, the authors find that compared with other emerging capitalist economies, the Chinese bureaucracy has developed relatively strong capabilities to advance innovation-driven development. This Element seeks to provide avenues for comparing it with other late developers.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The Chinese Bureaucracy and Innovation-Driven Development; 3. Assessing Technological Upgrading: Semiconductors and Electric Vehicles; 4. Conclusion; References.

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Book SynopsisTHE DEFINITIVE INTRODUCTION TO ROCKET PROPULSION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS The recent upsurge in global government and private spending and in space flight events has resulted in many novel applications of rocket propulsion technology.Table of ContentsPreface xvii 1 Classification 1 1.1. Duct Jet Propulsion 2 1.2. Rocket Propulsion 4 Chemical Rocket Propulsion 5 Combinations of Ducted Jet Engines and Rocket Engines 9 Nuclear Rocket Engines 10 Electric Rocket Propulsion 10 Other Rocket Propulsion Concepts 12 International Rocket Propulsion Effort 13 1.3. Applications of Rocket Propulsion 14 Space Launch Vehicles 14 Spacecraft 20 Military and Other Applications 21 References 24 2 Definitions and Fundamentals 26 2.1. Definitions 26 2.2. Thrust 31 2.3. Exhaust Velocity 33 2.4. Energy and Efficiencies 35 2.5. Multiple Propulsion Systems 38 2.6. Typical Performance Values 39 2.7. Variable Thrust 40 Symbols 41 Problems 42 References 44 3 Nozzle Theory and Thermodynamic Relations 45 3.1. Ideal Rocket Propulsion Systems 45 3.2. Summary of Thermodynamic Relations 47 3.3. Isentropic Flow through Nozzles 51 Velocity 52 Nozzle Flow and Throat Condition 57 Thrust and Thrust Coefficient 61 Characteristic Velocity and Specific Impulse 63 Under- and Overexpanded Nozzles 67 Influence of Chamber Geometry 72 3.4. Nozzle Configurations 73 Cone- and Bell-Shaped Nozzles 75 3.5. Real Nozzles 81 Boundary Layers 82 Multiphase Flow 83 Other Phenomena and Losses 85 Performance Correction Factors 85 Four Performance Parameters 89 3.6. Nozzle Alignment 91 Symbols 93 Problems 94 References 97 4 Flight Performance 99 4.1. Gravity-Free Drag-Free Space Flight 99 4.2. Forces Acting on a Vehicle in the Atmosphere 104 4.3. Basic Relations of Motion 106 4.4. Space Flight 113 Elliptical Orbits 116 Deep Space 120 Perturbations 121 Mission Velocity 125 4.5. Space Flight Maneuvers 127 Reaction Control System 131 4.6. Effect of Propulsion System on Vehicle Performance 133 4.7. Flight Vehicles 136 Multistage Vehicles 136 Stage Separation 138 Launch Vehicles 141 4.8. Military Missiles 144 4.9. Flight Stability 147 Symbols 149 Problems 150 References 152 5 Chemical Rocket Propellant Performance Analysis 154 5.1. Background and Fundamentals 156 5.2. Analysis of Chamber or Motor Case Conditions 161 5.3. Analysis of Nozzle Expansion Processes 166 5.4. Computer-Assisted Analysis 171 5.5. Results of Thermochemical Calculations 172 Symbols 185 Problems 186 References 187 6 Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Fundamentals 189 6.1. Types of Propellants 192 6.2. Propellant Tanks 196 6.3. Propellant Feed Systems 203 Local Pressures and Flows 203 6.4. Gas Pressure Feed Systems 205 6.5. Tank Pressurization 212 Factors Influencing the Required Mass of Pressurizing Gas 214 Simplified Analysis for the Mass of Pressurizing Gas 215 6.6. Turbopump Feed Systems and Engine Cycles 217 Engine Cycles 218 6.7. Rocket Engines for Maneuvering, Orbit Adjustments, or Attitude Control 229 6.8. Engine Families 232 6.9. Valves and Pipelines 233 6.10. Engine Support Structure 239 Symbols 239 Problems 240 References 242 7 Liquid Propellants 244 7.1. Propellant Properties 245 Economic Factors 245 Performance of Propellants 246 Common Physical Hazards 250 Desirable Physical Properties 252 Ignition, Combustion, and Flame Properties 254 Property Variations and Specifications 254 Additives 255 7.2. Liquid Oxidizers 255 Liquid Oxygen (O2) (LOX) 255 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) 256 Nitric Acid (HNO3) 257 Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) (NTO) 258 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 259 Oxidizer Cleaning Process 259 7.3. Liquid Fuels 259 Hydrocarbon Fuels 260 Liquid Hydrogen 261 Hydrazine (N2H4) 262 Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine [(CH3)2NNH2] 263 Monomethylhydrazine (CH3NHNH2) 263 7.4. Liquid Monopropellants 264 Hydrazine as a Monopropellant 264 7.5. Gaseous Propellants 266 7.6. Safety and Environmental Concerns 267 Symbols 268 Problems 268 References 269 8 Thrust Chambers 271 8.1. Injectors 276 Injector Flow Characteristics 280 Factors Influencing Injector Behavior 283 8.2. Combustion Chamber and Nozzle 285 Volume and Shape 285 Heat Transfer Distribution 288 Cooling of Thrust Chambers 289 Hydraulic Losses in the Cooling Passage 295 Thrust Chamber Wall Loads and Stresses 296 8.3. Low-Thrust Rocket Thrust Chambers or Thrusters 300 8.4. Materials and Fabrication 304 8.5. Heat Transfer Analysis 310 General Steady-State Heat Transfer Relations 311 Transient Heat Transfer Analysis 315 Steady-State Transfer to Liquids in Cooling Jacket 317 Radiation 321 8.6. Starting and Ignition 322 8.7. Useful Life of Thrust Chambers 325 8.8. Random Variable Thrust 326 8.9. Sample Thrust Chamber Design Analysis 328 Symbols 338 Problems 339 References 342 9 Liquid Propellant Combustion and Its Stability 344 9.1. Combustion Process 344 Injection/Atomization Zone 346 Rapid Combustion Zone 347 Streamtube Combustion Zone 348 9.2. Analysis and Simulation 348 9.3. Combustion Instability 349 Rating Techniques 357 Control of Instabilities 358 Problems 362 References 362 10 Turbopumps and Their Gas Supplies 365 10.1. Introduction 365 10.2. Descriptions of Several Turbopumps 366 10.3. Selection of Turbopump Configuration 371 10.4. Flow, Shaft Speeds, Power, and Pressure Balances 376 10.5. Pumps 378 Classification and Description 378 Pump Parameters 379 Influence of Propellants 385 10.6. Turbines 387 Classification and Description 387 Turbine Performance and Design Considerations 389 10.7. Approach to Turbopump Preliminary Design 390 10.8. Gas Generators and Preburners 393 Symbols 395 Problems 396 References 397 11 Engine Systems, Controls, and Integration 399 11.1. Propellant Budget 399 11.2. Performance of Complete or Multiple Rocket Propulsion Systems 401 11.3. Engine Design 403 11.4. Engine Controls 412 Control of Engine Starting and Thrust Buildup 413 Automatic Controls 419 Control by Computer 421 11.5. Engine System Calibration 423 Engine Health Monitoring System 428 11.6. System Integration and Engine Optimization 430 Symbols 431 Problems 432 References 433 12 Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Fundamentals 434 12.1. Basic Relations and Propellant Burning Rate 439 Mass Flow Relations 444 Burning Rate Relation with Pressure 445 Burning Rate Relation with Ambient Temperature (Tb) 449 Variable Burning Rate Exponent n 452 Burning Enhancement by Erosion 453 Other Burning Rate Enhancements 455 12.2. Other Performance Issues 457 12.3. Propellant Grain and Grain Configuration 462 Slivers 471 12.4. Propellant Grain Stress and Strain 472 Material Characterization 473 Structural Design 476 12.5. Attitude Control and Side Maneuvers with Solid Propellant Rocket Motors 483 Symbols 485 Problems 486 References 488 13 Solid Propellants 491 13.1. Classification 491 13.2. Propellant Characteristics 497 13.3. Hazards 505 Inadvertent Ignition 505 Aging and Useful Life 506 Case Overpressure and Failure 506 Insensitive Munitions 508 Upper Pressure Limit 510 Toxicity 510 Safety Rules 510 13.4. Propellant Ingredients 511 Inorganic Oxidizers 513 Fuels 516 Binders 516 Burning-Rate Modifiers 517 Plasticizers 518 Curing Agents or Crosslinkers 518 Energetic Binders and Plasticizers 518 Organic Oxidizers or Explosives 518 Additives 519 Particle-Size Parameters 520 13.5. Other Propellant Categories 522 Gas Generator Propellants 522 Smokeless or Low-Smoke Propellant 523 Igniter Propellants 524 13.6. Liners, Insulators, and Inhibitors 525 13.7. Propellant Processing and Manufacture 528 Problems 531 References 534 14 Solid Propellant Combustion and Its Stability 536 14.1. Physical and Chemical Processes 536 14.2. Ignition Process 540 14.3. Extinction or Thrust Termination 541 14.4. Combustion Instability 543 Acoustic Instabilities 544 Analytical Models and Simulation of Combustion Stability 548 Combustion Stability Assessment, Remedy, and Design 548 Vortex-Shedding Instability 551 Problems 552 References 553 15 Solid Rocket Motor Components and Design 555 15.1. Rocket Motor Case 555 Metal Cases 559 Wound-Filament-Reinforced Plastic Cases 561 15.2. Nozzles 563 Classification 564 Design and Construction 566 Heat Absorption and Nozzle Materials 571 15.3. Igniter Hardware 577 Pyrotechnic Igniters 578 Pyrogen Igniters 579 Igniter Analysis and Design 581 15.4. Rocket Motor Design Approach 581 Problems 589 References 591 16 Hybrid Propellants Rocket Propulsion 593 16.1. Applications and Propellants 594 16.2. Interior Hybrid Motor Ballistics 599 16.3. Performance Analysis and Grain Configuration 602 Dynamic Behavior 605 16.4. Design Example 607 16.5. Combustion Instability 611 Symbols 615 Problems 617 References 618 17 Electric Propulsion 620 17.1. Ideal Flight Performance 626 17.2. Electrothermal Thrusters 631 Resistojets 631 Arcjets 634 17.3. Nonthermal Electrical Thrusters 638 Electrostatic Devices 638 Basic Relationships for Electrostatic Thrusters 640 Electromagnetic Thrusters 646 17.4. Optimum Flight Performance 654 17.5. Mission Applications 658 17.6. Electric Space-Power Supplies and Power-Conditioning Systems 661 Power Generation Units 661 Power-Conditioning Equipment (PCU or PPU) 664 Symbols 665 Problems 666 References 668 18 Thrust Vector Control 671 18.1. TVC Mechanisms with a Single Nozzle 673 18.2. TVC with Multiple Thrust Chambers or Nozzles 683 18.3. Testing 686 18.4. Integration with Vehicle 687 Problems 688 References 688 19 Selection of Rocket Propulsion Systems 690 19.1. Selection Process 692 19.2. Criteria for Selection 697 19.3. Interfaces 699 19.4. Cost Reduction 700 References 702 20 Rocket Exhaust Plumes 703 20.1. Plume Appearance and Flow Behavior 705 Spectral Distribution of Radiation 711 Multiple Nozzles 714 Plume Signature 714 Vehicle Base Geometry and Recirculation 715 Compression and Expansion Waves 716 20.2. Plume Effects 717 Smoke and Vapor Trails 717 Toxicity 718 Noise 719 Spacecraft Surface Contamination 720 Radio Signal Attenuation 720 Plume Impingement on Structures 722 Heat Transfer to Clusters of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 722 20.3. Analysis and Mathematical Simulation 723 Problems 724 References 724 21 Rocket Testing 726 21.1. Types of Tests 726 21.2. Test Facilities and Safeguards 728 Monitoring the Environment and Controlling Toxic Materials 731 21.3. Instrumentation and Data Management 735 Measurement System Terminology 736 Test Measurements 737 Health Monitoring System (HMS) 738 21.4. Flight Testing 739 21.5. Postaccident Procedures 740 References 741 Appendix 1 Conversion Factors and Constants 743 Conversion Factors (arranged alphabetically) 743 Constants 746 Appendix 2 Properties of the Earth’s Standard Atmosphere 747 Appendix 3 Summary of Key equations for Ideal Chemical Rockets 749 Index 751

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors Foreword Preface Part 1 Introduction 1 What is Clinical Genetics and Genomic medicine? 2 Inheritance 3 Cytogenetic & Molecular genetic techniques 4 How to read a genetic test report 5 Genetic Counselling Part 2 Cardiology 6 Structure and Congenital Heart Disease 7 Ischamic Heart Disease 8 Cardiomyopthies 9 Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death Part 3 Dermatology 10 Tuberous Sclerosis 11 Gorlin syndrome 12 Dariers Disease 13 Lamellar Icthyosis 14 Mal De Meleda 15 Cutaneous Porphyria 16 Epidermolysis Bullosa 17 Cowden syndrome and Cowden-like syndrome 18 Muir-Torre Syndrome 18 X-linked Icthyosis 20 Birt-Hogg-Dube Part 4 Endocrinology 21 Disorders of sexual development and differentiation 22 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 23 Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome 24 Klinefelters syndrome 25 Turners Syndrome 26 Diabetes Mellitus 27 Diabetes Insipidus 28 Fabry-Anderson Part 5 Metabolic 29 Introduction to the genetics of metabolic disorders 30 Overview of disorders of amino acid metabolism 31 Overview of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism 32 Overview of disorders of lipid metabolism 33 Overview of peroxisomal disorders 34 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism Part 6 Gastroenterology 35 IBD 36 Wilsons 37 Heamochromatosis 38 Coeliac Disease 39 Pancreatic cancer Part 7 Haematology 40 Malignant Haematology 41 Non malignanat Haematology Part 8 Immunology 42 Severe combined immunodeficiency 43 DNA repair defects 44 Congenital abnormalities affecting the development of the thymus 45 Common variable immunodeficiency 46 X-linked (and autosomal recessive) agammaglobulinaemia 47 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 48 Hyperimmunoglobulin M syndromes 49 Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome 50 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 51 Genetic disorders associated with immune dysregulation and/or autoimmunity 52 Genetic disorders associated with familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 53 Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease 54 Chronic granulomatous disease 55 Defects in leukocyte migration 56 Defects of Toll like receptors and their signalling pathways 57 Complement deficiencies 58 Autoinflammatory diseases and periodic fever syndromes Part 9 Neurology 59 SMA 60 MND/ALS 61 Fragile X 62 HD 63 Dementia 64 Parkinsons 65 Myotonic dystrophy Part 10 Paediatrics and Obstetrics 66 Fetal anomaly screening 67 Prenatal diagnostic testing and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis 68 Edwards ' Syndrome 69 Patau syndrome 70 Williams syndrome 71 Di George syndrome Part 11 Oncology 72 Introduction to Cancer 73 Neurofibromatosis 74 Urological Cancers 75 Peutz-Jegher Syndrome 76 Von Hippel-Lindau 77 Inherited Bowel (Lower GI) Cancers 78 Inherited upper GI cancers 79 Inherited Breast Cancer 80 Retinoblastoma 81 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Part 12 Opthalmology 82 Congential and Childhood Cataracts 83 Colour blindness and Achromatopsia 84 Retinitis Pigmentosa 85 Primary Congential Glaucoma 86 Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Part 13 Renal 87 PCKD 88 Nephronophthisis 89 Medullary cystic kidney disease 90 Tuberous sclerosis 91 von Hippel-Lindau 92 Alport syndrome 93 Cystinosis 94 Cystinuria Part 14 MSK 95 Marfans 96 EDS 97 Congenital Limb Deficiencies 98 DMD 99 Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) 100 Ankylosing Spondylitis 101 Skeletal dysplasias Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisChemistry For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781119293460) was previously published as Chemistry For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781118007303). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: The Basic Concepts of Chemistry. Chapter 1: What Is Chemistry, and Why Do I Need to Know Some?. Chapter 2: Contemplating Chemical Calculations. Chapter 3: Matter and Energy. Chapter 4: Something Smaller Than an Atom? Atomic Structure. Chapter 5: The Periodic Table (But No Chairs). Chapter 6: Balloons, Tires, and Scuba Tanks: The Wonderful World of Gases. Part II: A Cornucopia of Chemical Concepts. Chapter 7: Chemical Cooking: Chemical Reactions. Chapter 8: The Mole: Can You Dig It? Chapter 9: Mixing Matter Up: Solutions. Chapter 10: Thermochemistry: Hot Stuff. Chapter 11: Sour and Bitter: Acids and Bases. Part III: Blessed Be the Bonds That Tie. Chapter 12: Where Did I Put That Electron? Quantum Theory. Chapter 13: Opposites Do Attract: Ionic Bonding. Chapter 14: Sharing Nicely: Covalent Bonding. Chapter 15: What Do Molecules Really Look Like? Molecular Geometry and Hybridization. Chapter 16: Tackling Periodic Trends. Chapter 17: Examining the Link between Intermolecular Forces and Condensed States. Part IV: Environmental Chemistry: Benefits and Problems. Chapter 18: Cough! Cough! Hack! Hack! Air Pollution. Chapter 19: Examining the Ins and Outs of Water Pollution. Chapter 20: Nuclear Chemistry: It’ll Blow Your Mind. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 21: Ten Serendipitous Discoveries in Chemistry. Chapter 22: Ten (Or So) Great Chemistry Nerds. Chapter 23: Ten Terrifi c Tips for Passing Chem I. Chapter 24: The Top Ten Industrial Chemicals. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe essential, authoritative guide to microaggressions, revised and updated The revised and updated second edition of Microaggressions in Everyday Life presents an introduction to the concept of microaggressions, classifies the various types of microaggressions, and offers solutions for ending microaggressions at the individual, group, and community levels. The authorsnoted experts on the topicexplore the psychological effects of microaggressions on bothperpetrators and targets. Subtle racism, sexism, and heterosexism remain relatively invisible and potentially harmful to the wellbeing, self-esteem, and standard of living of many marginalized groups in society. The book examines the manifestations of various forms of microaggressions and explores their impact. The text covers: researching microaggressions, exploring microaggressions in education, identifying best practices teaching about microaggressions, understanding microaggressions in the counseling sTable of ContentsPreface xi Section One: Psychological Manifestation and Dynamics of Microaggressions Chapter One Microaggressions as Toxic Rain: Here, There, and Everywhere! 3 What Are Microaggressions? 7 Racial Microaggressions 9 The Invisibility and Nebulous Nature of Everyday Racism 12 Gender Microaggressions 16 Sexual‐Orientation Microaggressions 19 Misunderstanding Microaggressions 20 Stop Making Mountains Out of Molehills! 20 Everything’s a Microaggression in This Climate of Political Correctness 20 Your Analysis is Flawed 21 Microaggressions, Marginality, and Harmful Impact 23 The Way Forward: Making the “Invisible” Visible 26 Chapter Two Taxonomy of Microaggressions 31 Conscious and Deliberate Bigotry versus Unconscious and Unintentional Bias 33 The Changing Face of Racism, Sexism, and Heterosexism 34 Microaggressions 36 Environmental Macroaggressions 37 Forms of Microaggressions 41 Microassaults 41 Microinsults and Microinvalidations: Common Themes 48 Microinsults 49 Microinvalidations 52 The Way Forward: Defining, Recognizing, and Deconstructing Hidden Messages in Microaggressions 55 Chapter Three The Psychological Dilemmas and Dynamics of Microaggressions 59 Clash of Racial Realities : “You Are Just Being Hypersensitive and Misreading the Situation!” 62 Invisibility of Unintentional Biases: “I’m Not a Racist!” 67 Perceived Minimal Harm of Microaggressions : “Don’t Make a Mountain Out of a Molehill!” 70 The Catch‐22 of Responding to Microaggressions : “You’re Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don’t!” 73 The Way Forward: Dealing with Psychological Dilemmas 79 Section Two: Microaggressive Impact on Targets and Perpetrators Chapter Four The Microaggression Process Model: The Internal Struggle of Targets 85 Tracing the Impact of Microaggressions 88 Phase One—The Potential Microaggressive Incident or Event 88 Phase Two—Initial Assessment and Questioning of the Incident 96 Phase Three—Reaction Processes 97 Phase Four—Interpretation and Meaning 103 Phase Five—Consequences and Impact 106 The Microaggression Process Model: Recap 110 The Way Forward: Strength through Adversity 112 Chapter Five Microaggressive Stress: Impact on Physical and Psychological Well‐Being 115 Biological Stressors: A Roadmap to Understanding Microaggressive Harm 117 Psychological and Social Stressors 119 Microaggressions and Daily Hassles 120 Impact of Everyday Hassles 121 The Life‐Change Model of Stress 122 The Transactional Model of Stress 123 Situating Stress in the Macro‐Context of Oppression 124 The Harmful Effects of Microaggressive Stress 127 Physical Health Effects of Microaggressive Stressors 127 Psychological Health Effects of Microaggressive Stressors 129 Strength through Adversity 140 The Way Forward: Responding Strategically and Resisting Microaggressions 140 Chapter Six Microaggressive Perpetrators: Who, What, When, How, and Why? 145 Who Are Microaggressive Perpetrators? 147 How and Why Do Individuals Perpetrate Microaggressions? 149 Using the Tools: Creating and Maintaining Dominance 149 Power to Impose a Biased Reality 151 What Makes It So Difficult for Perpetrators to Recognize Their Privilege? 153 Layer One—Fear of Appearing Biased 154 Layer Two—Fear of Recognizing One’s Complicity in Oppression 155 Layer Three—Fear of Acknowledging One’s Privilege 156 Layer Four—Fear of Taking Personal Responsibility to End Oppression 158 What Are the Costs of Microaggressions to Perpetrators? 160 Cognitive Costs of Oppression 161 Emotional Costs of Oppression 162 Behavioral Costs of Oppression 164 Spiritual and Moral Costs of Oppression 165 The Way Forward: The Ethical Mandate 166 Section Three: Interrogating Microaggressions: On Research, Teaching, and Counseling Chapter Seven Researching Microaggressions: Show Me the Evidence! 171 In Their Own Words: Qualitative Investigation of Microaggressions 173 Purposive Samples 178 Focus Groups 178 Individual Interviews 180 Other Data Sources 180 Trustworthiness 182 Do Findings Generalize? Quantitative Investigation of Microaggressions 182 Measuring Microaggressions 183 Quantitative Research Designs 189 Summary 191 The Way Forward: Future Research Directions 192 Chapter Eight Teaching about Microaggressions 199 Faculty Narratives: Facing Challenges in the Classroom 201 Challenges Faculty Members of Color Face 202 Challenges White Faculty Members Face 205 Encountering Microaggressions in the Classroom 207 Navigating Microaggressions: What Can Educators Do? 209 Microaggressions Pedagogy: How to Teach about Microaggressions 213 The Way Forward: General Strategies for Facilitating Difficult Dialogues on Race 216 Chapter Nine Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy 223 Underutilization of Mental Health Services 225 Premature Termination and Quality of Mental Health Care 226 Multicultural Counseling Competence 227 Manifestations of Racial Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy 228 Microaggressions Influence Counseling Process and Outcomes 237 Innovative Research Approaches 240 The Way Forward: Microaggressions Implications for Practice and Research 241 Section Four: Disarming Microaggressions and Macroaggressions Chapter Ten Microintervention Strategies for Disarming Microaggressions and Macroaggressions 249 Microaggressions and Macroaggressions 251 The Need to Take Action: Targets, Allies, and Bystanders 252 Targets 253 Allies 254 Bystanders 256 Responding to Microaggressions and Macroaggressions 257 Microinterventions 258 Strategic Goal: Make the “Invisible” Visible 261 Strategic Goal: Disarm the Microaggression 269 Strategic Goal: Educate the Perpetrator 271 Strategic Goal: Seek External Intervention or Support 273 Microinterventions and Macroaggressions 275 Context Matters 277 The Way Forward: Microinterventions and the New Research Frontier 278 References 281 Author Index 321 Subject Index 337

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xvii About the Companion Website xix 1 Astrobiology 1 1.1 Introductory Remarks 1 1.2 The Major Questions of Astrobiology and the Content of the Textbook 3 1.3 Some Other Features of the Textbook 9 1.4 A Brief History of Astrobiology 10 1.5 Conclusions 15 Bibliography 15 2 What is Life? 17 2.1 The Concept of “Life” 17 2.2 What is Life? The Historical Perspective 17 2.3 Spontaneous Generation 19 2.4 More Modern Concepts 23 2.5 Schrödinger and Life 27 2.6 Life as a Dissipative Process 27 2.7 Life: Just a Human Definition? 28 2.8 Does It Matter Anyway? 30 2.9 Conclusions 30 Questions for Review and Reflection 30 Bibliography 31 3 Matter and Life 33 3.1 Matter and Life 33 3.2 Life is Made of “Ordinary” Matter 34 3.3 The Atomic Nucleus 34 3.4 Electrons, Atoms, and Ions 35 3.5 Types of Bonding in Matter 37 3.6 Ionic Bonding 38 3.7 Covalent Bonding 39 3.7.1 Covalent Bonds and Life 40 3.8 Metallic Bonding 41 3.9 Van der Waals Interactions 42 3.10 Hydrogen Bonding 44 3.11 An Astrobiological Perspective 46 3.12 The Equation of State Describes the Relationship Between Different Types of Matter 47 3.13 Other States of Matter 50 3.14 The Interaction Between Matter and Light 53 3.15 Conclusions 57 Questions for Review and Reflection 57 Bibliography 57 4 The Molecular Structure of Life 59 4.1 Building Life 59 4.2 The Essential Elements: CHNOPS 59 4.3 Carbon is Versatile 62 4.4 The Chains of Life 62 4.5 Proteins 63 4.6 Chirality 66 4.7 Carbohydrates (Sugars) 68 4.8 Lipids 71 4.9 The Nucleic Acids 72 4.10 The Solvent of Life 76 4.11 Alternative Chemistries 78 4.13 Conclusions 84 Questions for Review and Reflection 85 Bibliography 85 5 The Cellular Structure of Life 87 5.1 From Molecules to Cells 87 5.2 Types of Cells 88 5.3 Shapes of Cells 90 5.4 The Structure of Cells 90 5.5 The Structure of Cellular Membranes 91 5.6 The Information Storage System of Life 96 5.7 Eukaryotic Cells 105 5.8 The Reproduction of Cells 107 5.9 Why Did Sexual Reproduction Evolve? 108 5.10 The Growth of Populations of Cells 110 5.11 Moving and Communicating 111 5.12 Viruses 116 5.13 Prions 118 5.14 Conclusions 118 Questions for Review and Reflection 119 Bibliography 119 6 Energy for Life 121 6.1 Energy and Astrobiology 121 6.2 Life and Energy 122 6.3 The Central Role of Adenosine Triphosphate 123 6.4 Chemiosmosis and Energy Acquisition 125 6.5 What Types of Electron Donors and Acceptors Can Be Used? 128 6.6 Aerobic Respiration 129 6.7 Anaerobic Respiration 132 6.8 Fermentation 134 6.9 Chemoautotrophs: Changing the Electron Donor 134 6.10 Energy from Light: Photosynthesis 142 6.11 Oxygenic Photosynthesis 142 6.12 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis 145 6.13 Rhodopsins and Photosynthesis 148 6.14 Evolution of Photosynthesis 149 6.15 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 150 6.16 Microbial Mats – Energy-Driven Zonation in Life 152 6.17 The Thermodynamics of Energy Acquisition and Life 154 6.18 Energy and Life in Extremes 156 6.19 Conclusions 158 Questions for Review and Reflection 158 Bibliography 158 7 The Limits of Life 161 7.1 The Limits of Life 161 7.2 The Importance of the Limits of Life for Astrobiology 162 7.3 The Most Extreme Conditions are Dominated by Microbes 163 7.4 Life at High Temperatures 165 7.5 Life at Low Temperatures 167 7.6 Salt-Loving Organisms 170 7.7 pH Extremes 173 7.8 Life Under High Pressure 174 7.9 Tolerance to High Radiation 176 7.10 Life in Toxic Brews 176 7.11 Rocks as a Habitat 177 7.12 Polyextremophiles – Dealing with Multiple Extremes 180 7.13 Life Underground 181 7.14 Dormancy in Extreme Conditions 183 7.15 Eukaryotic Extremophiles 184 7.16 Are There Other Biospheres with Different Limits? 185 7.17 The Limits of Life: Habitability Revisited 186 7.18 Conclusions 186 Questions for Review and Reflection 186 Bibliography 187 8 The Tree of Life 189 8.1 A Vast Quantity of Life 189 8.2 Evolution and a “Tree of Life” 190 8.3 Classifying Organisms 192 8.4 The Tree of Life and Some Definitions 194 8.5 Problems with Classification: Homology and Analogy 196 8.6 Building a Phylogenetic Tree Using Genetic Material 198 8.7 Types of Phylogenetic Trees 202 8.8 A Modern View of the Tree of Life 202 8.9 Using Phylogenetic Trees to Test Hypotheses 204 8.10 Complications in Building Trees 206 8.11 Origin of Eukaryotes 210 8.12 The Last Universal Common Ancestor 211 8.13 Multiple Origins of Life? 212 8.14 Alien Life 213 8.15 Conclusions 214 Questions for Review and Reflection 214 Bibliography 214 9 The Universe, the Solar System, and the Elements of Life 217 9.1 Our Cosmic Situation 217 9.2 In the Beginning: The Formation of the Universe 218 9.3 Stellar Evolution: Low-Mass Stars 222 9.4 Stellar Evolution: High-Mass Stars 224 9.5 The Elements of Life 228 9.6 The Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram 228 9.7 The Sun is a Blackbody 232 9.8 The Formation of Planets 233 9.9 Types of Objects in Our Solar System 236 9.10 Meteorites and Their Classification 239 9.11 Laws Governing the Motion of Planetary Bodies 243 9.12 Conclusions 245 Questions for Review and Reflection 246 Bibliography 246 10 Astrochemistry: Carbon in Space 249 10.1 Astrochemistry: Carbon Molecules in Space 249 10.2 Observing Organics 249 10.3 In the Beginning 250 10.4 Different Environments for Chemistry 251 10.5 How Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 254 10.6 Forming Carbon Compounds 256 10.7 Formation of Water 257 10.8 Interstellar Grains 258 10.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 258 10.10 Even More Carbon Diversity 261 10.11 Comets and Organic Molecules 261 10.12 The Origin of Chirality 262 10.13 Laboratory Experiments 263 10.14 Observing Organic Molecules 264 10.15 Conclusions 265 Questions for Review and Reflection 265 Bibliography 266 11 Early Earth: The First Billion Years 267 11.1 The First Billion Years of Earth 267 11.2 Earth Forms and Differentiates 267 11.3 The Formation of the Moon 268 11.4 The Early Oceans 270 11.5 The Early Crust 273 11.6 The Early Atmosphere 273 11.7 The Temperature of Early Earth 275 11.8 The Late Heavy Bombardment 275 11.9 Implications of the Early Environment for Life 278 11.10 Conclusions 280 Questions for Review and Reflection 280 Bibliography 281 12 The Origin of Life 283 12.1 The Origin of Life 283 12.2 The Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Earth 284 12.3 Delivery from the Extraterrestrial Environment 288 12.4 The RNA World 291 12.5 Early Cells 294 12.6 Where Did the Origin of Life Occur? 295 12.7 A Cold Origin of Life? 301 12.8 The Whole Earth as a Reactor? 301 12.9 Conclusions 302 Questions for Review and Reflection 302 Bibliography 302 13 Early Life on Earth 305 13.1 Early Life on Earth 305 13.2 Early Life – Metabolisms and Possibilities 305 13.3 Isotopic Fractionation 308 13.4 Measuring the Isotope Fractionation: The Delta Notation 311 13.5 Sulfur Isotope Fractionation 311 13.6 Using Isotopes to Look for Ancient Life 312 13.7 Morphological Evidence for Life 315 13.8 Biomarkers 321 13.9 Contamination is a Problem 322 13.10 Instruments Used to Look for Life 323 13.11 A Brief Summary 326 13.12 The Search for Extraterrestrial Life 327 13.13 Conclusions 327 Questions for Review and Reflection 327 Bibliography 327 14 The Geology of a HabitableWorld 329 14.1 The Geological History of Earth: A Habitable World 329 14.2 Minerals and Glasses 330 14.3 Types of Rocks 331 14.4 The Rock Cycle 334 14.5 The Composition of Earth 336 14.6 Plate Tectonics 338 14.7 Dating the Age of the Earth (and Other Planetary Bodies) 344 14.8 Age-Dating Rocks 345 14.9 Geological Timescales 352 14.10 The Major Classifications of Geological Time 352 14.11 Some Geological Times and Biological Changes 353 14.12 Conclusions 360 Questions for Review and Reflection 360 Bibliography 360 15 The Co-evolution of Life and a Planet: The Rise of Oxygen 363 15.1 Dramatic Changes on Earth 363 15.2 Measuring Oxygen Through Time 364 15.3 It Was Not a Simple Rise 368 15.4 Summarizing the Evidence for the GOE 370 15.5 The Source of Oxygen 371 15.6 Sinks for Oxygen 371 15.7 Why Did Atmospheric Oxygen Concentrations Rise? 372 15.8 Snowball Earth Episodes 373 15.9 Other Biological Consequences of the Rise of Oxygen 376 15.10 Oxygen and the Rise of Animals 377 15.11 Oxygen and the Rise of Intelligence 379 15.12 Periods of High Oxygen 379 15.13 Conclusions 380 Questions for Review and Reflection 380 Bibliography 381 16 Mass Extinctions 383 16.1 Extinctions 383 16.2 What is Extinction? 383 16.3 Five Major Mass Extinctions 385 16.4 Other Extinctions in Earth History 386 16.5 Causes of Mass Extinction 386 16.6 The End-Cretaceous Extinction 388 16.7 The Other Four Big Extinctions of the Phanerozoic 392 16.8 Do Microorganisms Go Extinct? 396 16.9 Recovery from Extinction 396 16.10 Can We Avoid Extinction? 398 16.11 The Sixth Mass Extinction? 400 16.12 Conclusions 401 Questions for Review and Reflection 401 Bibliography 401 17 The Habitability of Planetary Bodies 403 17.1 What is “Habitability”? 403 17.2 The Habitable Zone 405 17.3 Maintaining Temperature Conditions on a Planet Suitable for Water and Life 408 17.4 Plate Tectonics and Habitability 414 17.5 Does the Moon Play a Role in Habitability? 416 17.6 Other Planetary Factors that Influence Habitability 417 17.7 Surface Liquid Water, Habitability, and Intelligence 418 17.8 Habitable Environments Need Not Always Contain Life 418 17.9 Worlds More Habitable than Earth? 420 17.10 The Anthropic Principle and Habitability 420 17.11 The Fate of Earth 420 17.12 The Galactic Habitable Zone 421 17.13 The Right Galaxy? 422 17.14 Conclusions 422 Questions for Review and Reflection 423 Bibliography 423 18 The Astrobiology of Mars 425 18.1 Mars and Astrobiology 425 18.2 Martian Geological History: A Very Brief Summary 426 18.3 The Environmental Deterioration of Mars 427 18.4 Missions to Mars 429 18.5 Mars and Life 435 18.6 Trajectories of Martian Habitability 451 18.7 The Viking Program and the Search for Life 455 18.8 Searching for Life by Investigating Gases 458 18.9 Martian Meteorites 458 18.10 Mars Analog Environments 460 18.11 Panspermia: The Transfer of Life between Planets? 463 18.12 Conclusions 467 Questions for Review and Reflection 467 Bibliography 468 19 Ocean Worlds and Icy Moons 471 19.1 The Astrobiology of Moons 471 19.2 The Moons of Jupiter: Europa 472 19.3 The Moons of Jupiter: Ganymede and Callisto 477 19.4 The Moons of Jupiter: Io 479 19.5 The Moons of Saturn: Enceladus 479 19.6 The Moons of Saturn: Titan 484 19.7 Other Icy Worlds 490 19.8 Planetary Protection 494 19.9 Conclusions 496 Questions for Review and Reflection 496 Bibliography 496 20 Exoplanets and the Search for Life 499 20.1 Exoplanets and Life 499 20.2 Detecting Exoplanets 500 20.3 Exoplanet Properties 508 20.4 Detecting Life 517 20.5 Surface Biosignatures 522 20.6 How Likely are These Signatures? 525 20.7 Other Ways to Find Life 525 20.8 Missions to Detect Biosignatures 526 20.9 Conclusions 527 Questions for Review and Reflection 527 Bibliography 528 21 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 529 21.1 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) 529 21.2 Methods in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 530 21.3 Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI) 533 21.4 The Drake Equation 537 21.5 The Fermi Paradox 538 21.6 Classifying Civilizations 542 21.7 Policy Implications 543 21.8 Conclusions 544 Questions for Review and Reflection 544 Bibliography 544 22 Our Civilization 547 22.1 Astrobiology and Human Civilization 547 22.2 The Emergence of Human Society 547 22.3 Threats to a Civilization 551 22.4 Climate Change and the Challenge to Civilization 553 22.5 The Human Future Beyond Earth 555 22.6 Settling the Solar System 556 22.7 Avoiding Extinction or Collapse: A Multiplanet Species 565 22.8 Environmentalism and Space Exploration as a Single Goal? 566 22.9 Sociology: The Overview Effect 567 22.10 Will We Become Interstellar? 568 22.11 Conclusions 569 Questions for Review and Reflection 569 Bibliography 569 Appendix 571 A.1 The Astrobiology Periodic Table 571 A.2 Units and Scales 571 A.2.1 Standard International Base Units 571 A.2.2 Basic Physical Constants 572 A.3 Temperature Scale Conversion 572 A.4 Composition of the Sun 573 A.5 Some of the Major Star Types, Temperatures, and Colors 573 A.6 Three- and One-Letter Designations of Amino Acids 573 A.7 Codon Table for the Genetic Code Associated with mRNA (also shown in Chapter 5; Figure 5.12) 574 A.8 Planetary Data 575 A.9 Geological Time Scale 576 Glossary 577 Index 601

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Book SynopsisBiology Essentials For Dummies (9781119589587) was previously published as Biology Essentials For Dummies (9781118072677). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. Just the core concepts you need to score high in your biology course Biology Essentials For Dummies focuses on just the core concepts you need to succeed in an introductory biology course. From identifying the structures and functions of plants and animals to grasping the crucial discoveries in evolutionary, reproductive, and ecological biology, this easy-to-follow guide lets you skip the suffering and score high at exam time. Get down to basics master the fundamentals, from understanding what biologists study to how living things are classifiedThe chemistry of life find out what you need to know about atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, acids, bases, and moreConquer and divide discover the ins aTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Chapter 1: Exploring the Living World 5 Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life 23 Chapter 3: The Living Cell 39 Chapter 4: Energy and Organisms 57 Chapter 5: Reproducing Cells 73 Chapter 6: DNA and Proteins: Life Partners 95 Chapter 7: Ecosystems and Populations 111 Chapter 8: Understanding Genetics 129 Chapter 9: Biological Evolution 145 Chapter 10: Ten Great Biology Discoveries 157 Index 163

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 3 Where to Go from Here 3 Chapter 1: Matter and Energy: Exploring the Stuff of Chemistry 5 Knowing the States of Matter and Their Changes 6 Solids, liquids, and gases 6 Condensing and freezing 7 Melting and boiling 8 Skipping liquids: Sublimation 9 Pure Substances and Mixtures 9 Pure substances 10 Throwing mixtures into the mix 11 Measuring Matter 12 Nice Properties You’ve Got There 13 Energy Types 14 Kinetic energy 14 Potential energy 15 Temperature and Heat 15 Chapter 2: What’s in an Atom? 17 Subatomic Particles 17 Centering on the Nucleus 19 Locating Those Electrons 21 The quantum mechanical model 21 Energy level diagrams 26 Isotopes and Ions 30 Isotopes: Varying neutrons 31 Ions: Varying electrons 32 Chapter 3: The Periodic Table 35 Repeating Patterns: The Modern Periodic Table 35 Arranging Elements in the Periodic Table 38 Grouping metals, nonmetals, and metalloids 38 Arranging elements by families and periods 41 Chapter 4: Nuclear Chemistry 43 Seeing How the Atom’s Put Together 43 Dealing with a Nuclear Breakup: Balancing Reactions 44 Understanding Types of Natural Radioactive Decay 46 Alpha emission 47 Beta emission 48 Gamma emission 48 Positron emission 48 Electron capture 49 Half-Lives and Radioactive Dating 49 Calculating remaining radioactivity 50 Radioactive dating 51 Breaking Elements Apart with Nuclear Fission 51 Mass defect: Where does all that energy come from? 52 Chain reactions and critical mass 52 Coming Together with Nuclear Fusion 53 Chapter 5: Ionic Bonding 55 Forming Ions: Making Satisfying Electron Trades 55 Gaining and losing electrons 56 Looking at charges on single-atom ions 58 Grouping atoms to form polyatomic ions 61 Creating Ionic Compounds 63 Making the bond: Sodium metal + chlorine gas = sodium chloride 63 Figuring out the formulas of ionic compounds 64 Naming ionic compounds 66 Bonding Clues: Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 68 Chapter 6: Covalent Bonding 69 Covalent Bond Basics 69 Sharing electrons: A hydrogen example 69 Comparing covalent bonds with other bonds 71 Dealing with multiple bonds 72 Naming Covalent Compounds Made of Two Elements 73 Writing Covalent Compound Formulas 74 Empirical formulas 74 Molecular or true formulas 75 Structural formulas: Dots and dashes 75 Electronegativities: Which Atoms Have More Pull? 81 Predicting the type of bond 81 Polar covalent bonding: Creating partial charges 83 Attracting other molecules: Intermolecular forces 84 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions 87 Reactants and Products: Reading Chemical Equations 87 Collision Theory: How Reactions Occur 88 Hitting the right spot 89 Adding, releasing, and absorbing energy 90 Types of Reactions 92 Combination reactions: Coming together 92 Decomposition reactions: Breaking down 93 Single displacement reactions: Kicking out another element 93 Double displacement reactions: Trading places 95 Combustion reactions: Burning 97 Redox reactions: Exchanging electrons 97 Balancing Chemical Equations 97 Balancing the Haber process 98 Balancing the burning of butane 99 Knowing Chemical Equilibrium Backward and Forward 100 Matching rates of change in the Haber process 101 Constants: Comparing amounts of products and reactants 102 Le Chatelier’s Principle: Getting More (or Less) Product 103 Changing the concentration 103 Changing the temperature 104 Changing the pressure 104 Chemical Kinetics: Changing Reaction Speeds 105 Seeing How Catalysts Speed Up Reactions 107 Heterogeneous catalysis: Giving reactants a better target 108 Homogeneous catalysis: Offering an easier path 108 Chapter 8: Electrochemistry: Using Electrons 111 Transferring Electrons with Redox Reactions 111 Oxidation 112 Reduction 113 One’s loss is the other’s gain 114 Oxidation numbers 115 Balancing Redox Equations 116 Exploring Electrochemical Cells 120 Galvanic cells: Getting electricity from chemical reactions 121 Electrolytic cells: Getting chemical reactions from electricity 122 Having it both ways with rechargeable batteries 123 Chapter 9: Measuring Substances with the Mole 125 Counting by Weighing 125 Moles: Putting Avogadro’s Number to Good Use 127 Defining the mole 127 Calculating weight, particles, and moles 128 Finding formulas of compounds 129 Chemical Reactions and Moles 130 Reaction stoichiometry 131 Percent yield 132 Limiting reactants 133 Chapter 10: A Salute to Solutions 135 Mixing Things Up with Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions 135 How dissolving happens 136 Concentration limits 136 Saturated facts 137 Understanding Solution Concentration Units 138 Percent composition 138 Molarity: Comparing solute to solution 140 Molality: Comparing solute to solvent 143 Parts per million 143 Chapter 11: Acids and Bases 145 Observing Properties of Acids and Bases 145 The Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory 146 Understanding Strong and Weak Acids and Bases 147 Strong: Ionizing all the way 147 Weak: Ionizing partially 149 Acid-Base Reactions: Using the Brønsted-Lowry System 151 Acting as either an acid or base: Amphoteric water 152 Showing True Colors with Acid-Base Indicators 153 Doing a quick color test with litmus paper 153 Phenolphthalein: Finding concentration with titration 154 Phun with the pH Scale 155 Chapter 12: Clearing the Air on Gases 159 The Kinetic Molecular Theory: Assuming Things about Gases 159 Relating Physical Properties with Gas Laws 162 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and volume 163 Charles’s Law: Volume and temperature 164 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and temperature 165 The combined gas law: Pressure, volume, and temp 166 Avogadro’s Law: The amount of gas 167 The ideal gas equation: Putting it all together 168 Chapter 13: Ten Serendipitous Discoveries in Chemistry 171 Archimedes: Streaking Around 171 Vulcanization of Rubber 172 Molecular Geometry 172 Mauve Dye 172 Kekulé: The Beautiful Dreamer 173 Discovering Radioactivity 173 Finding Really Slick Stuff: Teflon 173 Stick ’Em Up! Sticky Notes 174 Growing Hair 174 Sweeter than Sugar 174 Index 175

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I The Microbes 1 The Microbial World 1 14 Biogeochemical Cycles 521 15 Microbial Biotechnology 553 2 Bacteria and Archaea 35 3 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 97 4 Virology 133 5 Microbial Metabolism 171 Part II Microbial Genetics 6 Cultivating Microorganisms 231 7 DNA Replication and Gene Expression 269 8 Viral Replication Strategies 309 9 Bacterial Genetic Analysis and Manipulation 339 10 Microbial Genomics 377 11 Regulation of Gene Expression 407 Part III Microbial Physiology and Ecology 12 Microbial Ecosystems 441 13 Symbiotic Microbiome 481 Part IV Microbes and Disease 16 Introduction to Infectious Diseases 597 17 Clinical Microbiology and Immunology 635 18 Adaptive Immunity 671 19 Bacterial Pathogenesis 711 20 Viral Pathogenesis 761 21 Eukaryotic Pathogenesis 795 22 Control of Infectious Disease 827 23 The Microbiology of Food and Water 881 Appendix A Scientific Articles A- 1 Appendix B Microscopy A- 11 Appendix C Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Microbes A- 17 Appendix D Origin of Blood Cells A- 19 Glossary G- 1 Index I- 1

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface, xi Acknowledgments, xiii About the companion website, xv Section 1: The Structure of the Cell, 1 1 A Look at Cells and Tissues, 3 Only Two Types of Cell, 3 Cell Division, 4 Viruses, 4 Origin of Eukaryotic Cells, 6 Cell Specialization in Animals, 8 Stem Cells and Tissue Replacement, 10 The Cell Wall, 11 Microscopes Reveal Cell Structure, 11 The Modern Light Microscope, 11 The Transmission Electron Microscope, 12 The Scanning Electron Microscope, 14 Fluorescence Microscopy, 14 Increasing the Resolution of Fluorescence Microscopes, 15 Fluorescent Proteins, 15 2 Membranes and Organelles, 21 Basic Properties of Cell Membranes, 21 Organelles Bounded by Double-Membrane Envelopes, 22 The Nucleus, 22 Mitochondria, 24 Organelles Bounded by Single Membranes, 24 Peroxisomes, 25 Endoplasmic Reticulum, 25 Golgi Apparatus, 25 Lysosomes, 25 The Connected Cell, 26 Organelle Junctions, 26 Cell Junctions, 26 Section 2: The Molecular Biology Of The Cell, 33 3 DNA Structure And The Genetic Code, 35 The Structure of DNA, 35 The DNA Molecule Is a Double Helix, 37 Hydrogen Bonds Form Between Base Pairs, 37 DNA Strands Are Antiparallel, 37 The Two DNA Strands Are Complementary, 39 DNA as the Genetic Material, 39 Packaging of DNA Molecules into Chromosomes, 39 Eukaryotic Chromosomes and Chromatin Structure, 39 Prokaryotic Chromosomes, 40 Plasmids, 41 Viruses, 42 The Genetic Code, 42 Amino Acids and Proteins, 42 Reading the Genetic Code, 42 Amino Acid Names Are Abbreviated, 44 The Code Is Degenerate but Unambiguous, 44 Start and Stop Codons and the Reading Frame, 45 The Code Is Nearly Universal, 45 Missense Mutations, 46 4 DNA As A Data Storage Medium, 51 DNA Replication, 51 The DNA Replication Fork, 51 Proteins Open up the DNA Double Helix During Replication, 51 DnaA Protein, 52 DnaB and DnaC Proteins, 52 Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins, 52 Biochemistry of DNA Replication, 52 DNA Synthesis Requires an RNA Primer, 55 RNA Primers Are Removed, 55 The Self-Correcting DNA Polymerase, 55 Mismatch Repair Backs Up the Proofreading Mechanism, 55 DNA Repair after Replication, 56 Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Base Changes, 56 Repair Processes, 57 Gene Structure and Organization in Eukaryotes, 59 Introns and Exons – Additional Complexity in Eukaryotic Genes, 59 The Major Classes of Eukaryotic DNA, 60 Gene Nomenclature, 61 5 Transcription and the Control of Gene Expression, 67 Structure of RNA, 67 RNA Polymerase, 67 Gene Notation, 68 Bacterial RNA Synthesis, 69 Control of Bacterial Gene Expression, 71 Lac, an Inducible Operon, 71 Trp, a Repressible Operon, 74 Eukaryotic RNA Synthesis, 75 Messenger RNA Processing in Eukaryotes, 76 Control of Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 77 Glucocorticoids Cross the Plasma Membrane to Activate Transcription, 79 Noncoding RNAs and the Control of Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 80 Micro RNAs, 80 Long Noncoding RNAs, 81 Circular RNAs, 81 6 Manufacturing Protein, 85 Attachment of an Amino Acid to Its tRNA, 85 Transfer RNA, the Anticodon, and Wobble, 85 The Ribosome, 89 Bacterial Protein Synthesis, 89 Ribosome-Binding Site, 89 Chain Initiation, 90 Initiation Factor 2 Is a GTPase, 90 The 70S Initiation Complex, 91 Elongation of the Protein Chain in Bacteria, 92 The Polyribosome, 94 Termination of Protein Synthesis, 94 The Ribosome Is Recycled, 95 Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Is a Little More Complex, 95 Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis, 97 Protein Destruction, 98 7 Protein Structure, 103 Naming Proteins, 103 Polymers of Amino Acids, 104 The Amino Acid Building Blocks, 104 The Unique Properties of Each Amino Acid, 107 Other Amino Acids Are Found in Nature, 109 The Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins, 109 Hydrogen Bonds, 109 Electrostatic Interactions, 109 Van der Waals Forces, 109 Hydrophobic Interactions, 109 Disulfide Bonds, 109 Levels of Complexity, 110 The Primary Structure, 110 The Secondary Structure, 111 Tertiary Structure: Domains and Motifs, 114 Quaternary Structure: Assemblies of Protein Subunits, 118 Prosthetic Groups, 118 The Primary Structure Contains all the Information Necessary to Specify Higher-Level Structures, 119 Protein–Protein Interactions Underlie all of Cell Biology, 119 8 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering, 123 DNA Cloning, 123 Creating the Clone, 124 Introduction of Foreign DNA Molecules into Bacteria, 124 Genomic DNA Clones, 126 Uses of DNA Clones, 128 Southern Blotting, 129 In-Situ Hybridization, 130 Northern Blotting, 130 Production of Mammalian Proteins in Bacteria and Eukaryotic Cells, 130 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 132 DNA Sequencing, 133 “Omics”, 135 Transcriptomics, 135 Microarrays, 135 RNA-Seq, 136 ChIP-Seq and Epigenomics, 136 Other “Omics”, 137 Identifying the Gene Responsible for a Disease, 137 Reverse Genetics, 137 Transgenic and Knockout Mice, 137 RNA Interference (RNAi), 139 CRISPR/Cas9, 139 Ethics of DNA Testing for Inherited Disease, 140 Section 3: Cell Communication, 145 9 Carriers, Channels, And Voltages, 147 Carriers, 147 The Glucose Carrier, 149 The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger, 150 The Sodium/Potassium ATPase, 150 The Calcium ATPase, 151 The Potassium Gradient and the Resting Voltage, 152 Potassium Channels Make the Plasma Membrane Permeable to Potassium Ions, 152 Concentration Gradients and Electrical Voltage Can Balance, 154 The Action Potential, 156 The Pain Receptor Neuron, 156 The Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, 158 The Sodium Action Potential, 158 The Strength of a Signal Is Coded by Action Potential Frequency, 159 Myelination and Rapid Action Potential Transmission, 161 10 Signalling Through Ions, 165 Calcium as a Signaling Ion, 165 Calcium Can Enter Cells from the Extracellular Medium, 165 Calcium Can Be Released from Organelles, 166 Processes Activated by Cytosolic Calcium Are Extremely Diverse, 167 Return of Calcium to Resting Levels, 169 Propagating the Signal, 170 Transmitters Are Released at Synapses, 170 Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Respond to Transmitters, 170 Rapid Communication: From Neurons to Their Targets, 171 Inhibitory Transmission, 172 Signaling at the Neuromuscular Junction, 175 11 Signalling Through Enzymes, 179 G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Second Messengers, 179 G Protein-Coupled Receptors Are an Abundant Class of Cell Surface Receptors, 179 Inositol Trisphosphate Controls Secretion in the Exocrine Pancreas, 179 Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Helps Us Smell, 181 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and the Map Kinase Cascade, 183 Growth Factors Can Trigger a Calcium Signal, 185 Akt and the Glucose Carrier: How Insulin Works, 185 Cytokine Receptors, 187 Signaling Through Proteolysis, 188 Wnt Proteins Signal Through Receptors that Prevent Proteolysis of Beta Catenin, 188 Low Oxygen Levels Are Sensed by Preventing Proteolysis of Hypoxia-Inducing Factor, 189 Intracellular Receptors, 190 Guanylate Cyclase Is a Receptor for Nitric Oxide, 190 Many Steroid Hormone Receptors Are Transcription Factors, 190 Crosstalk – Signaling Pathways or Signaling Webs?, 190 Signaling in the Control of Muscle Blood Supply, 192 The Blood Supply Is Under Local Control, 193 The Blood Supply Is Under Nervous System Control, 193 The Blood Supply Is Under Hormonal Control, 194 New Blood Vessels in Growing Muscle, 194 Section 4: The Mechanics Of The Cell, 199 12 Intracellular Trafficking, 201 Principles of Protein Transport, 201 Proteins Enter Organelles in Different Ways, 201 Vesicles Shuttle Proteins Around the Cell Through Fission and Fusion, 202 The Destination of a Protein Is Determined by Sorting Signals, 204 GTPases Are Master Regulators of Traffic, 205 Trafficking to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Plasma Membrane, 205 Synthesis on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, 205 Glycosylation: The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi System, 206 Coatomer-Coated Vesicles, 207 Trans Golgi Network and Protein Secretion, 208 Trafficking to the Lysosome, 209 Endocytosis Is a Gateway into the Cell, 209 Clathrin-Coated Vesicles, 209 Delivery of Enzymes to Lysosomes, 209 Lysosomes Degrade Proteins from both Outside and Inside of the Cell: Autophagy, 210 Trafficking to and from the Nucleus, 210 The Nuclear Pore Complex, 211 Gated Transport Through the Nuclear Pore, 212 GTPases in Nuclear Transport, 212 Trafficking to Other Organelles, 212 Transport to Mitochondria, 212 Transport to Peroxisomes, 215 13 CELLULAR SCAFFOLDING, 219 Microtubules, 219 Functions of Microtubules, 222 Intracellular Transport and Cellular Architecture, 222 Cell Movement by Cilia and Flagella, 223 Microfilaments, 225 Functions of Microfilaments, 226 Muscle Contraction, 226 Microfilament-Based Cell Migration, 227 Intermediate Filaments, 228 Functions of Intermediate Filaments, 229 Anchoring Cell Junctions, 229 The Nuclear Lamina, 230 14 Controlling Cell Number, 233 M-phase, 235 Mitosis, 235 Cytokinesis, 236 Control of the Cell Cycle, 238 The Cell Cycle Is Driven by Kinase Activities, 238 Checkpoints Tell the Cell Cycle When to Stop and When to Go, 239 The Mitotic Checkpoint Determines When the Cell Cycle Ends, 241 Cell Cycle Control and Cancer, 241 Meiosis and Fertilization, 242 Meiosis, 242 Crossing Over and Linkage, 245 Cell Death, 246 Cell Stress Activates the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway, 246 Communication with the External Environment Can Activate the Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway, 247 Default Death: Apoptosis as a Result of Absence of Growth Factors, 248 Section 5 Case Study, 253 15 Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis, 255 Cystic Fibrosis Is a Severe Genetic Disease, 255 The Fundamental Lesion in Cystic Fibrosis Lies in Chloride Transport, 256 Cloning the CFTR Gene, 256 The CFTR Gene Codes for a Chloride Ion Channel, 257 Replacing or Repairing the Gene, 259 Tailoring Treatment to the Patient’s Lesion, 260 New Treatments for CF, 261 Diagnostic Tests for CF, 261 Prenatal implantation diagnosis for CF, 262 Conclusion, 262 Answers to Review Questions, 265 Glossary, 273 Index, 307

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Book SynopsisThere are many introductions to the animal ethics literature. There arenât many introductions to the practice of doing animal ethics. Bob Fischerâs Animal Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction fills that gap, offering an accessible model of how animal ethics can be done today. The book takes up classic issues, such as the ethics of eating meat and experimenting on animals, but tackles them in an empirically informed and nuanced way. It also covers a range of relatively neglected issues in animal ethics, such as the possibility of insect sentience and the ethics of dealing with pests. Finally, the book doesnât assess every current practice using standard ethical theories, but tries to evaluate some of them using the moral frameworks endorsed by those involved. So, for instance, there is a chapter on the way that animal care and use committees try to justify some of the educational uses of animals, and the chapter on zoos considers the way that international zoological societies Trade Review"Bob Fischer’s book is a fantastic and unorthodox introduction to animal ethics. It’s highly readable, appealingly honest, firmly grounded in real-life cases, and challenges readers to think for themselves."Clare Palmer, Texas A&M University"This is an excellent introduction to animal ethics, both its various moral frameworks and the range of issues related to nonhuman animals. Its nuanced exploration of animal ethics is written in a style that is simultaneously accessible and engaging to newcomers to this topic and insightful and productively provocative for readers with extensive experience thinking about these issues. From a teaching perspective, this introduction makes many valuable observations and raises important questions for thinking about how to approach these topics. It is both a fantastic introduction and a valuable tool for prompting deeper discussions in more advanced courses."Elan Abrell, New York UniversityTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. The Moral Community 3. Animal Minds 4. Welfare and Death 5. Moral Theory 6. Animal Agriculture and Aquaculture 7. Production and Consumption Ethics 8. Fishing 9. International Animal Care and Use Committees 10. Animal Research 11. Zoos 12. Pests 13. Companion Animals 14. Activism 15. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisTough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time? Textbook too Pricey?Fortunately, there's Schaum's. This all-in-one-package includes more than 700 fully-solved problems, examples, and practice exercises to sharpen your problem-solving skills. Plus, you will have access to the revised online Schaumâs.com websiteâit's just like having your own virtual tutor! You'll find everything you need to build confidence, skills, and knowledge for the highest score possible.More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. Helpful tables and illustrations increase your understanding of the subject at hand.Schaumâs Outline of College Physics, 12th Edition features:â Updated content to match the lateTable of Contents1. Introduction to Vectors • 2. Uniformly Accelerated Motion • 3. Newton's Laws • 4. Equilibrium Under the Action of Concurrent Forces • 5. Equilibrium of a Rigid Body Under Coplanar Forces • 6. Work, Energy, and Power • 7. Simple Machines • 8. Impulse and Momentum • 9. Angular Motion in a Plane • 10. Rigid-Body Rotation • 11. Simple Harmonic Motion and Springs • 12. Density: Elasticity • 13. Fluids at Rest • 14. Fluids in Motion • 15. Thermal Expansion • 16. Ideal Gases • 17. Kinetic Theory • 18. Heat Quantities • 19. Transfer of Thermal Energy • 20. First Law of Thermodynamics • 21. Entropy and the Second Law • 22. Wave Motion • 23. Sound • 24. Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields • 25. Electric Potential; Capacitance • 26. Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law • 27. Electrical Power • 28. Equivalent Resistance; Simple Circuits29. Kirchhoff's Laws • 30. Forces in Magnetic Fields • 31. Sources of Magnetic Fields • 32. Induced EMF; Magnetic Flux33. Electric Generators and Motors • 34. Inductance; R-C and R-L Time Constants • 35. Alternating Current • 36. Reflection of Light • 37. Refraction of Light • 38. Thin Lenses • 39. Optical Instruments • 40. Interference and Diffraction of Light • 41. Relativity • 42. Quantum Physics and Wave Mechanics • 43. The Hydrogen Atom • 44. Multielectron Atoms • 45. Nuclei and Radioactivity • 46. Applied Nuclear Physics

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Biology is reflective of the shift taking place in the majors biology course from large and detail rich to short and conceptual, with a focus on new, cutting-edge science. A succinct and inviting text focused on central concepts, Principles of Biology helps students connect fundamental principles while challenging them to develop and hone critical thinking skills.Table of Contents1 An Introduction to BiologyUNIT I Chemistry2 The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water3 The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic MoleculesUNIT II Cells4 Evolutionary Origin of Cells and Their General Features5 Membranes: The Interface Between Cells and Their Environment6 How Cells Utilize Energy7 How Cells Capture Light Energy via Photosynthesis8 How Cells Communicate with Each Other and with the EnvironmentUNIT III Genetics9 The Information of Life: DNA and RNA Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure 10 The Expression of Genetic Information via Genes I: Transcription and Translation11 The Expression of Genetic Information via Genes II: Non-coding RNAs 12 The Control of Genetic Information via Gene Regulation 13 Altering the Genetic Material: Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer14 How Eukaryotic Cells Sort and Transmit Chromosomes: Mitosis and Meiosis15 Transmission of Genetic Information from Parents to Offspring I: Patterns That Follow Mendel’s Laws 16 Transmission of Genetic Information from Parents to Offspring II: Epigenetics, Linkage, and ExtranuclearInheritance17 The Simpler Genetic Systems of Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea18 Genetic Technologies: How Biologists Study Genes and Genomes UNIT IV Evolution19 Evolution of Life I: How Populations Change from Generation to Generation 20 Evolution of Life II: The Emergence of New Species 21 How Biologists Classify Species and Study Their Evolutionary Relationships22 The History of Life on Earth and Human Evolution UNIT V Diversity23 Diversity of Microbial Life: Archaea, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi24 Microbiomes: Microbial Systems on and Around Us 25 Plant Evolution: How Plant Diversification Changed Planet Earth26 Invertebrates: The Vast Array of Animal Life Without a Backbone 27 Vertebrates: Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, and MammalsUNIT VI Flowering Plants28 An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function29 How Flowering Plants Sense and Interact with Their Environments 30 How Flowering Plants Obtain and Transport Water, Mineral Nutrients, and Organic Compounds31 How Flowering Plants Reproduce and DevelopUNIT VII Animals 32 General Features of Animal Bodies, and Homeostasis as a Key Principle of Animal Biology33 Neuroscience I: The Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems34 Neuroscience II: How Sensory Systems Allow Animals to Interact with the Environment35 How Muscles and Skeletons Are Adaptations for Movement, Support, and Protection36 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Transporting Solutes and Exchanging Gases37 Digestive and Excretory Systems: Maintaining Nutrient, Water, and Energy Balance and Removing Waste 38 How Endocrine Systems Influence the Activities of All Other Organ Systems39 The Production of Offspring: Reproduction and Development 40 Immune Systems: How Animals Defend Against Pathogens and Other Dangers41 An Example of a System-Wide Response to a Challenge to HomeostasisUNIT VIII Ecology42 Behavioral Ecology: The Struggle to Find Food and Mates and to Pass on Genes43 Population Growth and Species Interactions44 Communities and Ecosystems: Ecological Organization at Large Scales45 Biomes: How Climate Affects the Distribution of Species on Earth46 The Age of Humans47 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsUPDATED! I. VIBRATIONS, WAVES, AND SOUNDS. 1. What is Sound? 2. Vibrating Systems. 3. Waves. 4. Resonance. II. PERCEPTION AND MEASUREMENT OF SOUND. 5. Hearing. 6. Sound Pressure, Power, and Loudness. 7. Pitch and Timbre. 8. Combination Tones and Harmony. 9. Musical Scales and Temperament. III. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 10. String Instruments. 11. Brass Instruments. 12. Woodwind Instruments. 13. Percussion Instruments. 14. Keyboard Instruments. IV. THE HUMAN VOICE. 15. Speech Production. 16. Speech Recognition, Analysis, and Synthesis. 17. Singing. REVISED! V. ELECTROACOUSTICS. 18. Electronic Circuits. 19. Loudspeakers. 20. Microphones, Amplifiers, and Tuners. 21. Digital Circuits and Techniques. 22. Sound Recording. REVISED! VI. ROOM ACOUSTICS. 23. Auditorium Acoustics. 24. Electronic Reinforcement of Sound. 25. Small Rooms, Home Listening Rooms and Recording Studios. NEW! VII. ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER MUSIC. 26. Music Technology and its Origins. 27. Analog Electronic Music. 28. Digital Audio and Processing. 29. Computer Music and Virtual Acoustics. REVISED! VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND. 30. Noise in the Environment. 31. Effects of Noise on People. 32. Control of Noise.

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Book SynopsisJill K. Robinson received her Ph.D. in analytical and atmospheric chemistry from the University of Colorado at Boulder. She is a senior lecturer at Indiana University and teaches general, analytical, and environmental chemistry courses. Her clear and relatable teaching style has been honored with several awards including the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching at Indiana University and the J. Calvin Giddings Award for Excellence in Education from the American Chemical Society Division of Analytical Chemistry. She leads workshops to help faculty transition from lecture-based instruction to student-centered pedagogies. John McMurry, educated at Harvard and Columbia, has taught more than 20,000 students in general and organic chemistry over a 40-year period. An emeritus professor of chemistry at Cornell University, Dr. McMurry previously spent 13 years on the faculty at the University of California at Santa Cruz. He has received numerouTable of Contents 1. Chemical Tools: Experimentation and Measurement  2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions  3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions  4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution  5. Periodicity and the Electronic Structure of Atoms  6. Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory  7. Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures  8. Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure  9. Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy  10. Gases: Their Properties and Behavior  11. Liquids and Phase Changes  12. Solids and Solid-State Materials  13. Solutions and Their Properties  14. Chemical Kinetics   15. Chemical Equilibrium   16. Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases   17. Applications of Aqueous Equilibria   18. Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Spontaneity 19. Electrochemistry   20. Nuclear Chemistry   21. Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry  22. The Main-Group Elements  23. Organic and Biological Chemistry  

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Book SynopsisRichly illustrated and meticulously researched,American Eclipseultimately depicts a young nation that looked to the skies to reveal its towering ambition and expose its latent genius

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Book SynopsisEnsure students achieve top exam marks, and can confidently progress to further study, with an academically rigorous yet accessible approach from Cambridge examiners. With full syllabus match, extensive practice and exam guidance this new edition embeds a comprehensive understanding of scientific concepts and develops advanced skills for strong assessment potential. Be confident of full syllabus support with a comprehensive syllabus matching grid and learning objectives drawn directly from the latest syllabus (9700), for first examination from 2022. Written by Cambridge examiners, this new edition if packed with focused and explicit assessment guidance, support and practice to ensure your students are fully equipped for their exams. With a stretching yet accessible approach Cambridge International AS & A Level Complete Biology develops advanced problem solving and scientific skills and contextualizes scientific concepts to ensure your students are ready to progress to further study. Al

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Book SynopsisOxford Revise is a fresh, evidence-based approach to studying; created by the teacher-trusted Oxford Science author team and informed by the latest research into the best ways to make learning stick, it organises content in the most effective way for successful learning, ideal for independent study throughout the school year and in the lead-up to exams. Based on principles of cognitive science, the simple three-step Knowledge, Retrieval, and Practice approach helps students to organise information and commit it to long-term memory, improve retention and recall, and apply knowledge successfully with extensive exam-style practice. It''s everything students need to study effectively and fully prepare for their exams, in one convenient book. Each paperback purchased includes free access to an ebook version of the title. Details on how to access it are printed inside the book. Answers will be available online at oxfordrevise.com/scienceanswers.

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Book SynopsisMarianne Taylor has a BSc in Psychology from Sheffield University and worked in publishing for several years before following her passion for natural history and starting to write about it. Today she is a naturalist, photographer and illustrator, and the author of more than 30 books on natural history, including The Story of Life in 101/2 Chapters, The Way of the Hare, Tracking the Highland Tiger, RSPB British Birds of Prey. For Arcturus her other books include Discovering the Animal Kingdom, Discovering the Prehistoric World and Discovering the Microscopic World.

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Book SynopsisLonglisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year 2024Couldn't be a bolder, more forthright SOS for sport The ObserverThe world of sport has a new opponent: climate change. In recent years, a world championship marathon was held at midnight to avoid the blistering sun. Professional athletes needed oxygen tanks to play during wildfire season in California. Players collapsed and play was suspended amid the heat and bushfire smoke at the Australian Tennis open. Ski resorts in the Alps have turned into ghost towns. Golf courses are sinking into the sea. And then there's the Qatar World Cup, among the greatest follies in sporting history, one that saw hundreds (perhaps thousands) of heat-induced deaths before a ball was even kicked. The threat climate change poses to sport is clear, but with billions of participants and fans around the world who rely on the sector for entertainment, jobs, fitness and health, this is one industry we can't afford to lose. In this book, Madeleine Orr s

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Book SynopsisNeil Delamere: ''Smart, accessible and full of brilliant tidbits''Dave Moore: ''A delightful wander through the human body''Dylan Evans: ''Prepare to be genuinely astonished by the marvels of the human body.''Explore the intricate nature of our amazing anatomy...Scientist and ''Chaser'' Dr Darragh Ennis reveals everything about the human body in ten informative, bite-sized essays. We all have questions about our body that we really should know the answers to, so discover why blood is red, how our body defends itself, why we sleep, how hormones control everything we do and much, much more!A fascinating, illuminating and engaging read, it''s the perfect gift for anyone interested in biology, DNA or who just wants to learn more about the human body.

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Book Synopsis''Timely, important and compelling'' Philip Ball''A new and stunning argument'' Azra RazaWhat defines who we are? Until now, the biological answer has been our genes. Leading biologist Alfonso Martinez Arias breaks with popular tradition to make a bold argument: what defines us is our cells. Drawing on groundbreaking research, he reveals that we are composed of a thrillingly complex, constantly rearranging symphony of cells that know how to count, feel, and give form to our bodies. While DNA is important, nothing in your genes explains why your heart is on the left, why you have five fingers and not ten, why genetically identical twins have different sets of fingerprints, or why it''s possible for a mother to apparently share no DNA with the children she gave birth to! At the heart of it all is a powerful new conception of the essence of life. Our identities are shaped by the interconnections between cells, working cooperatively, creatTrade ReviewA timely, important and compelling case for why an understanding of living organisms must start with the cell. He offers a vision of life that shows it to be much more interesting and ingenious than any simplistic notion of genetic blueprints can provide -- Philip Ball, author of CRITICAL MASS and THE BOOK OF MINDSThis book makes a new and stunning argument, not so much that we should put DNA in its place, but that we can see the grandeur of life as it truly is -- Azra Raza, author of THE FIRST CELLWhat came first, the chicken or the egg? In The Master Builder, Alfonso Martinez Arias poses a different question: what drives biology, genes or cells? His surprising answer shines new light on the fascinating riddle of development and offers a majestic cells-eye view of life itself -- Lee Billings, author of FIVE BILLION YEARS OF SOLITUDEIn this masterful account, geneticist and developmental biologist Alfonso Martinez Arias shows that, on its own, DNA is powerless, inert . . . This cell's-eye view of life is powerful and striking, helping to reveal why DNA is not the ultimate determinant of ourselves . . . This clearly explained, beautiful book will change how you think about DNA, about how you came to be, and about life itself -- Matthew Cobb, author of AS GODSAn ingenious argument . . . A rich, detailed exploration of the vitality of cells -- Kirkus ReviewsAlfonso Martinez Arias's novel thesis invigorates, and the lucid scientific discussions will hold readers' attention even through involved examinations of how cells respond to specific proteins. This is the perfect complement to Siddhartha Mukherjee's The Song of the Cell -- Publishers Weekly, starred review

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Book SynopsisDid you know—• It took more than an iceberg to sink the Titanic.• The Challenger disaster was predicted.• Unbreakable glass dinnerware had its origin in railroad lanterns.• A football team cannot lose momentum. • Mercury thermometers are prohibited on airplanes for a crucial reason.• Kryptonite bicycle locks are easily broken.“Things fall apart” is more than a poetic insight—it is a fundamental property of the physical world. Why Things Break explores the fascinating question of what holds things together (for a while), what breaks them apart, and why the answers have a direct bearing on our everyday lives.When Mark Eberhart was growing up in the 1960s, he learned that splitting an atom leads to a terrible explosion—which prompted him to worry that when he cut into a stick of butter, he would inadvertently unleash a nuclear cataclysm. Years later, as a chemistry professo

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Book SynopsisThank your lucky stars for this completely comprehensive guide to our Universe. From asteroids and constellations to galaxies and planets, this star-studded look at space is the perfect package for space cadets and amateur astronomers. ??Part of DK''s best-selling Nature Guide series, Stars and Planets takes you out of this world to experience the beautiful sights and intricate details of our incredible Solar System. Packed with stunning images and expert information, you''ll enjoy the whole world at your fingertips. You''ll visit each and every planet and fly past the Kuiper Belt on this intrepid, intergalactic adventure. Come back down to Earth to discover all the tools and techniques you need to observe the spectacular night skies. You''ll see all 88 constellations in their sparkling splendour and read the stories behind their amazing shapes and patterns. The monthly sky guide will keep your eyes on the skies all year round.??Grab thi

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Book SynopsisWilliam Aspden is Lecturer in Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics at CQUniversity, Australia Fiona Caple is Senior Lecturer in Food Science and Nutrition and Human Nutrition at Northumbria University, UK Rob Reed is Pro Vice-Chancellor (Learning and Teaching) at CQUniversity, Australia Jonathan Weyers is Director of Quality Assurance at the University of Dundee, UK Allan Jones is Senior Lecturer and Chancellor's Award Fellow in Ecology, Environmental Science and Zoology at the University of Dundee, UKTrade Review"This is a fantastic text for dietetics students wanting a clear reference on food science / analysis and other general aspects of scientific systems and communications. [...] For all dietitians, this is a very useful reference to learn or update many important skills that complement core knowledge in dietetics." - Reviewed by Ursula Arens in NHD MagazineTable of ContentsContents Study and examination skills 1 The Importance of transferable skills 2 Managing your time 3 Working with others 4 Taking notes from lectures and texts 5 Learning and Revising 6 Curriculum options, assessments and exams 7 Preparing your curriculum vitae Information technology and library resources 8 Finding and citing published information 9 Evaluating information 10 Using online resources 11 Using spreadsheets 12 Word processors, databases and other packages Communicating information 13 Organising a poster display 14 Giving a spoken presentation 15 General aspects of scientific writing 16 Writing essays 17 Reporting practical and project work 18 Writing literature surveys and reviews 19 Communicating with the public 20 Client consultation skills Fundamental laboratory and clinical techniques 21 Your approach to practical work 22 Health & safety 23 Legal and ethical requirements for nutrition & food analysis 24 Basic lab procedures 25 Working with liquids 26 Principles of solution chemistry 27 Working with body fluids 28 pH and buffer solutions 29 Introduction to microscopy 30 Setting up and using a light microscope The investigative approach 31 Making and recording measurements 32 SI units and their use 33 Scientific method and experimental design 34 Research project work Analysis and presentation of data 35 Using graphs 36 Presenting data in tables 37 Hints for solving numerical problems 38 Descriptive statistics and surveys 39 Choosing and using statistical tests Dietary assessment and intervention 40 Nutritional recommendations and guidelines 41 Dietary assessment systems 42 Physical examination 43 Anthropometric measurements and body composition 44 Estimating energy requirements 45 Assaying biochemical markers of malnutrition 46 Testing for food allergies and intolerances 47 Integrating nutritional assessment data 48 Sports nutrition Analytical techniques in food science 49 Basic physico-chemical techniques 50 Calibration and its application to quantitative analysis 51 Indirect calorimetry 52 Immunological methods 53 Spectroscopic techniques 54 Chromatography 55 Electrophoresis 56 Molecular biology techniques 57 Centrifugation [AND HOMOGENISATION?] Assaying food components and properties 58 Analysis of biomolecules in foods: fundamental principles 59 Assaying proteins, amino acids and enzymes 60 Assaying lipids 61 Assaying carbohydrates 62 Assaying nucleic acids 63 Assaying active phytochemicals in functional foods 64 Sensory analysis techniques 65 Product development and evaluation Food microbiology and processing 66 Sterile technique and microbial culture 67 Isolating, identifying and naming microbes 68 Culture systems and quan

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Book SynopsisDid you know that stars are seasonal? That Orion is one of the brightest constellations? That a single day on Venus is longer than an entire year on Venus?Space has captivated mankind since the beginning of time. Fifty years ago, Neil Armstrong became the first man to step on the moon and since then our knowledge of astronomy has continued to expand. With so many mysteries yet to be solved, science journalist Abigail Beall takes readers on an astonishing journey though the landscape of space. In The Art of Urban Astronomy, you will be guided through the seasons and learn about the brightest stars and constellations, the myths and legends of astronomy and how to identify star clusters and galaxies with just your eyes or a pair of binoculars. For urban dwellers wrapped up in the rush and bustle of the city, it can be calming and truly valuable to take the time simply to stop, look and reconnect with nature. Packed full of seasonal star charts, con

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Book SynopsisLooks with 3D terrain models that take you on a trip to the surfaces of the rocky planets. As well as covering the Sun, the planets, hundreds of moons and thousands of asteroids and comets, this title includes all the major Solar System missions, right up to the Mars rovers.

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Book SynopsisAchieve the best possible standard with this landmark book of practice and guidance.First Aid in Science provides all the help and support needed for learning and practising Science. It offers a comprehensive guide to core topics using language that has been controlled for clarity and accessibility. It can be used in class, or as a reference and revision book.- Develops a strong basis of understanding with core topics covered in clear and accessible language- Improves student''s ability to work through problems with plenty of practice exercises and revision tests- Reflects its international readership with terms and information that are appropriate for students worldwideTable of Contents : Living Things : 1. Living things, plants and animals : 2. Plant systems (inc reproduction and nutrition) : 3. Human systems (inc digestive system) : 4. Health : 5. Food and nutrition - types and uses : 6. Food chains : 7. Sense organs - skin, tongue, nose, eye, ear : Energy, Forces, and Motion : 8. Machines - pulleys, levers, wheels, inclined planes : 9. Forces (inc Friction) : 10. Sources of Energy : 11. Forms of Energy : The World around us : 12. Rocks, minerals and soils : 13. Water and the water cycle : 14. Air : 15. Our weather and climate : 16. The Environment (inc drought, floods) : 17. Our place in the solar system

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Book SynopsisNew paperback edition - This detailed examination of our steps into space is viewed from our potential future there â on Mars to be exact â and considers how we will reach that point.Trade Review‘A handy reference for space fans and professionals alike’ -- Publishers Weekly‘The way to the stars in open.’ -- Sergei Korolev

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