Science & Nature Books

Book SynopsisComputational Physics The classic in the field for more than 25 years, now with increased emphasis on data science and new chapters on quantum computing, machine learning (AI), and general relativity Computational physics combines physics, applied mathematics, and computer science in a cutting-edge multidisciplinary approach to solving realistic physical problems. It has become integral to modern physics research because of its capacity to bridge the gap between mathematical theory and real-world system behavior. Computational Physics provides the reader with the essential knowledge to understand computational tools and mathematical methods well enough to be successful. Its philosophy is rooted in learning by doing, assisted by many sample programs in the popular Python programming language. The first third of the book lays the fundamentals of scientific computing, including programming basics, stable algorithms for differentiation and integration, and matrix computing. The latter two

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn introduction to the key professional skills and core laboratory techniques that underpin successful professional practice, providing a strong foundation for beginning biomedical science students.Trade ReviewThis book covers the biomedical science practice subject area in a very engaging, applied, and logical format. It is easy to read, the learning objectives and case studies complement the subject area within each chapter, and the figures and diagrams keep the reader interested. This is the best book on the market for anyone studying biomedical science or related fields. * Khalid Rahman, Professor of Physiological Biochemistry, Liverpool John Moores University *Biomedical Science Practice clearly explains a number of commonly used laboratory techniques, but is also an excellent reference source for our Personal and Professional Development module as it thoroughly covers topics such as CPD and industry regulatory bodies. The chapter on Health and Safety is a particular strength and provides valuable information about legal requirements in the workplace as well as risk assessment procedures that are relevant to both biological and chemical laboratory work. I do not think there is another book that provides the same range of information in one place. * Chris Workman, Programme Manager for Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Centre Leeds *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first fully illustrated history of the chemical elements.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Classical Elements 2. The Antique Metals 3. Alchemical Elements 4. The New Metals 5. Chemistry’s Golden Age 6. Electrical Discoveries 7. The Radiant Age 8. The Nuclear Age Bibliography and Further Reading

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Molecules, bestselling author Theodore Gray demonstrates, through stunning, never-before-seen images and illustrations, how the elements of the periodic table combine to form the molecules that make up our world. Everything physical is made up of the elements and the infinite variety of molecules they form when they combine with each other. In Molecules, Theodore Gray takes the next step in the story that began with the periodic table in his best-selling book, The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. Here, he explores, through fascinating stories and trademark stunning photography, the most interesting, essential, useful, and beautiful of the millions of chemical structures that make up every material in the world. Gray begins with an explanation of how atoms bond to form molecules and compounds, as well as the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. He then goes on to explore the vast array of materials molecules can create, including: soaps and solvents; goops and oils; rocks and ores; ropes and fibers; painkillers and dangerous drugs; sweeteners; perfumes and stink bombs; colors and pigments; and controversial compounds including asbestos, CFCs, and thimerosal. Big, gorgeous photographs, as well as diagrams of the compounds and their chemical bonds, rendered with never before seen beauty, fill the pages and capture molecules in their various states. As he did in The Elements, Gray shows us molecules as we've never seen them before. It's the perfect book for his loyal fans who've been eager for more and for anyone fascinated with the mysteries of the material world.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMaster the ideas central to understanding the human brain. In a series of 50 accessible essays, Mo Costandi introduces and explains all we know about the brain and how it works, outlining both long-standing theories and cutting-edge ideas. From the function of neurons and synaptic transmission, to the nervous system and personality, 50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know is a complete introduction to the most powerful and mysterious organ in the body.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLERThe creator of the Gaia hypothesis and the greatest environmental thinker of our time has produced an astounding new theory about the future of life on Earth. James Lovelock argues that the anthropocene - the age in which humans acquired planetary-scale technologies - is, after three centuries, coming to an end. A new age - the novacene - has already begun.New beings will emerge from existing artificial intelligence systems. They will think 10,000 times faster than we do and will regard us as we now regard plants. The cruel, violent machine takeover imagined by sci-fi writers will not happen: these hyper-intelligent beings will be as dependent on the health of the planet as we are. They will need the planetary cooling system of Gaia to defend from the increasing heat of the sun. Gaia depends on organic life. We will be partners in this project. It is crucial, Lovelock argues, that the intelligence of Earth survives and prospers. We are at present the only beings capable of understanding the cosmos, but he speculates that the novacene could be the beginning of a process that will see intelligence suffusing the entire cosmos. At the age 100, Lovelock has produced the most compelling work of his life.Trade ReviewThe hard science is explained with beautiful clarity, and a characteristic mischievous wit ... It is a bracing corrective -- Steven Poole * Guardian *This restlessly thoughtful and forward-looking book ... is partly a defence of a lifetime's ideas, but mostly an argument about how AI is soon to overtake us - and what that means for our species -- James McConnachie * The Times *Leavened with wit and optimism ... Novacene is the collected wisdom of an elder of our tribe which more than repays the short time it takes to read. -- Stephen Cave * Financial Times *Novacene reads like undiluted Lovelock. From the start of his writing life - no matter how tortuous the narrative or complex the argument - Lovelock has written persuasively. ... if you want a sense of hyperintelligence in bipedal form, Novacene is a good place to start. -- Tim Radford * Nature *

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii To the Reader xi 1 Motion 1 2 Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion 17 3 Conservation of Momentum and Energy 33 4 Gravity 51 5 Atoms and Molecules 63 6 Solids 77 7 Liquids and Gases 85 8 Temperature and Heat Energy 99 9 Change of State and Transfer of Heat Energy 111 10 Wave Motion 121 11 Sound 133 12 Diffraction, Interference, and Music 143 13 Static Electricity 159 14 Electrical Current 171 15 Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Currents 189 16 Electrical Induction 203 17 Electromagnetic Waves 215 18 Light: Wave or Particle? 223 19 The Quantum Nature of Light 239 20 Reflection, Refraction, and Dispersion 261 21 Lenses and Instruments 281 22 Light as a Wave 301 23 Color 315 Appendix A: Scientific Notation: Powers of Ten 323 Appendix B: The Metric System 327 Index 331

Read more less

Book SynopsisJohn A. Read fell in love with astronomy after viewing Saturn in a small telescope. In 2016, he became a full-time author, vlogger, student, and dad. In 2020, he was the recipient of the Simon Newcomb Award for science communication from the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. He is the host of the YouTube channel Learn to Stargaze, and is earning his masters degree in space systems engineering at Johns Hopkins University.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the tradition of Dava Sobel''s Longitude' comes sailing expert David Barrie''s compelling and dramatic tale of invention and discovery an eloquent elegy to one of the most important navigational instruments ever created, and the daring mariners who used it to explore, conquer, and map the world.This is the dramatic story of an instrument that changed history. Built around David Barrie's own transatlantic passage using the very same navigational tools as Captain Cook, Sextant tells how one of the most vital navigational instruments was invented and used and why the golden age of celestial navigation has now come to an end. From Cook, Bligh and Vancouver to Bougainville, La Pérouse, Flinders and FitzRoy, Barrie recounts the fortunes of the explorers who risked their lives in charting the Pacific, as well as the intrepid adventures of Slocum, Shackleton and Worsley. A heady mix of history, science and adventure, this elegy to a lost technology is infused with the wonder of discovery Trade Review‘As lovingly and painstakingly constructed as the navigators’ one irreplaceable talisman, this exquisite book is a hymn to a now-vanishing feature of maritime life, a finely-chased reminder of just how much we all owe to that one small piece of apparatus, its verniers and lenses kept secure in a mahogany box, closed by a hasp of brass’ Simon Winchester ‘Barrie’s writing is exhilarating and suffused with a sense of adventure. A fascinating read’ Financial Times ‘What gives Sextant its special colour is Barrie’s own experience as a sailor … His book is an elegy for the days before GPS made simultaneous geniuses and idiots of us all … He invites anyone near the sea, and above all on a boat, to turn away from their screens and look around’ Daily Express ‘A bracing historical tale’ The Times ‘An excellent present for anyone even vaguely interested in thestars, or the history of exploration, or sailing small boats overbig oceans, or come to think of it anyone at all. And buy a copyfor yourself while you’re about it’ Marine Quarterly ‘A joy to read … one of the most interesting and enjoyable books I’ve read in years’ Flying Fish, magazine of the Ocean Cruising Club

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn a unique new collaboration, Collins have paired up with the respected British Trust for Ornithology, bringing together the most authoritative and up-to-date information in this new field guide to the common birds of Britain and Ireland.This unique new identification guide features all of the birds that have occurred five or more times in Britain and Ireland, including all species that breed regularly in the region, plus those that winter here, or occur as common passage migrants.The book has been written and illustrated as much with the beginner in mind as the experienced birdwatcher. Designed to be used in the field, the text and photographs describe and illustrate the key features needed to identify a species with confidence, and to separate it from similar, or confusion', species. As a general rule, the species accounts follow the taxonomic running order provided by the British Ornithologist's Union (BOU). But for the benefit of the reader, in some instances the running order hasTrade ReviewPraise for Paul Sterry’s previous titles: 'Wonderfully descriptive photographs' BBC Wildlife ‘Whether you are a keen amateur or someone with a passing interest, this book will satisfy your needs.’ The Sea 'Packs in lots of well-chosen detail in compact form' British Wildlife ‘A bookshelf essential’ The Field

Read more less

Book SynopsisA funny and beautifully written welcome to the enigmatic, weird and wonderful world of wasps' DAVE GOULSON, author of SILENT EARTHThere may be no insect with a worse reputation than the wasp, and none guarding so many undiscovered wonders.Where bees and ants have long been the darlings of the insect world, wasps are much older, cleverer and more diverse. They are the bee's evolutionary ancestors flying 100 million years earlier and today they are just as essential for the survival of our environment. A bee, ecologist Professor Seirian Sumner argues, is just a wasp that has forgotten how to hunt.For readers of Entangled Life, Other Minds and The Gospel of Eels, this is a book to upturn your expectations about one overlooked animal and the wider architecture of our natural world.With endless surprises, this book might teach you about the wasps that spend their entire lives sealed inside a fig, about stinging wasps, about parasitic wasps, about wasps that turn cockroaches into living zoTrade Review‘Sumner's tale is thrilling, warm and scholarly in equal measure, and brilliantly repairs the reputation of wasps – most beautiful and wonderful as they truly are’Adam Rutherford, author of How to Argue with a Racist ‘A book I never knew I needed that is an absolute delight to read … Finally, a cure for our irrational fear of this unfairly demonised insect … A book that draws us in to the strange beauty of what we so often run away from’Robin Ince ‘If you’ve ever wondered “why do wasps exist?” you must read this book. There is so much more to them than you ever imagined. A funny and beautifully written welcome to the enigmatic, weird and wonderful world of wasps’Dave Goulson, author of Silent Earth ‘I thought I knew about wasps – I was wrong … A tremendously good read that left me buzzing with excitement and reminded me why I became an entomologist’George McGavin ‘Sometimes the most perfect books are those that shine a light on surprising, neglected subjects. Endless Forms is just such a book. Summer writes lucidly and entertainingly about this most fascinating of creatures’Will Storr ‘You also shouldn’t miss Endless Forms … which explains why you shouldn’t, on any account, go squashing these remarkable creatures to a pulp … [A] marvellous, revelatory natural history’Caroline Sanderson, The Bookseller, Editor’s Choice ‘Contains splendidly vivid descriptions of modern techniques of entomological heredity and genomics, as well as insect-scale neuroscience … it would be a tetchy soul who did not begrudgingly admire them a bit more’Telegraph ‘Sumner’s vivid enthusiasm for wasps is contagious … with every animated description of the daily lives of a wasp family, my prejudices melt away’Guardian ‘Sumner is an exuberant guide to the world of wasps and may even persuade you not to whack the next one you find in your kitchen’Daily Mail

Read more less

Book SynopsisExam Board: SQALevel: National 5Subject: BiologyTwo books in one! Combining a revision guide and a full set of practice test papers, this fantastic resource is all you need to revise for the exam.The revision guide Covers all of the topics in the CfE National 5 Biology curriculum, broken down into manageable chunks for easy revision Clearly explains key concepts, research evidence and real-life applications Contains Quick Tests to let students check their knowledge and understanding as they go alongThe practice test papers Are in the format and the style of the SQA exam, giving students an opportunity to practice taking the National 5 Biology exam Marking instructions and sample answers are provided online, so students can check their progress

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom the bestselling author of The Elegant Universe, Brian Greene''s The Fabric of the Cosmos takes us on an irresistible and revelatory journey through the biggest of the big questions. What is reality? Could we exist without space and time? Can we travel to the past? What are the limits of the universe? Brian Greene has made the mysteries of space and time accessible to millions with his acclaimed writings and award-winning TV series. Now he reveals a world more beautiful and bizarre than we could have imagined, where ''dark matter'' reigns, space warps and wiggles through eleven dimensions, minute particles dance, fizz and teleport across vast distances, everything is made of vibrating strings and, like an ant on a lily-pad, we may be floating on a sliver of spacetime. Revealing new layers of reality that lie just beneath the surface of our everyday lives, this grand tour of the universe will make you look at the world in a completely new way. ''A must-read''  Sunday Times ''Greene takes us to the limits of space and time''  Guardian ''Sends the reader''s imagination hurtling through the universe on an astonishing ride''  The New York Times Brian Greene is well known to many fans as a populariser of theoretical physics. He is the author of the bestselling books about string theory, The Elegant Universe, which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction, The Fabric of the Cosmos, and The Hidden Reality. Educated at Harvard and Oxford, he has taught at both Harvard and Cornell and has been Professor of Physics and Mathematics at Columbia University since 1996.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChris Stringer is Britain's foremost expert on human origins and works in the Department of Palaeontology at the Natural History Museum. He also currently directs the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain project, aimed at reconstructing the first detailed history of how and when Britain was occupied by early humans. His previous books include African Exodus: The Origins of Modern Humanity, The Complete World of Human Evolution and most recently, Homo Britannicus, which was shortlisted for the Royal Society Science Book of the Year in 2007.Trade ReviewTo follow the dramatic announcements that will be appearing in the media pretty regularly from now on concerning new fossil finds and detailed genetic knowledge on the mutations that distinguish us from Neanderthals, other hominins, and apes, you will need a primer to make sense of the story so far. Here is that book. -- Peter Forbes * The Guardian *The Origin of Our Species combines anecdote and speculation with crisp explanation of the latest science in the study of the first humans. -- John Hawks * New Scientist *When it comes to human evolution [Chris Stringer] is as close to the horse's mouth as it gets...The Origin of Our Species should be the one-stop source on the subject. Read it now -- Henry Gee * BBC Focus *Combining the thrill of a novel with a remarkable depth of perspective, the book offers a panorama of recent developments...Stringer's original ideas will open up avenues for those who deal with genes, fossils or artefacts. -- Jean-Jacques Hublin * Nature *The Origin of Our Species [is] the right book by the right author at the right time. It highlights just how many tantalising discoveries and analytical advances have enriched the field in recent years, and folds them into an appropriately comprehensive, generous and nuanced reflection. -- Marek Kohn * Literary Review *The Origin of Our Species starts as a clear, perceptive survey. It ends by introducing a new way of defining us and our place in history -- Mike Pitts * Sunday Times *Sets out to tackle the big questions about human origins...written in a personal, unpretentious style...a laudable summary of a vital subject -- Matt Grove * British Archaeology *The most up to date synthesis available -- Steven Mithen * London Review of Books *Stringer's writing style is lucid and all-embracing, pulling information and ideas together from all conceivable sources to support his central narrative ... stimulating, informative and entertaining. It deserves to be widely read -- Stephen K. Donovan * Geological Journal *

Read more less

Book Synopsis* A TIMES BEST SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEAR *From the prize-winning author of Adventures in the Anthropocene, the astonishing story of how culture enabled us to become the most successful species on Earth''A wondrous, visionary work'' Tim Flannery, author of The Weather MakersHumans are a planet-altering force. Gaia Vince argues that our unique ability - compared with other species - to determine the course of our own destiny rests on a special relationship between our genes, environment and culture going back into deep time. It is our collective culture, rather than our individual intelligence, that makes humans unique. Vince shows how four evolutionary drivers - Fire, Language, Beauty and Time - are further transforming our species into a transcendent superorganism: a hyper-cooperative mass of humanity that she calls Homo omnis. Drawing on leading-edge advances in population genetics, archaeology, palaeontology and neuroscience, Transcendence compels us to reimagine ourselves, showing us to be on the brink of something grander - and potentially more destructive.''Richly informed by the latest research, Gaia Vince''s colourful survey fizzes like a zip-wire as it tours our species'' story from the Big Bang to the coming age of hypercooperation'' Richard Wrangham, author of The Goodness Paradox''Wonderful ... enlightening'' Robin Ince, The Infinite Monkey CageTrade ReviewA hugely enjoyable sprint through human evolutionary history . . . Read it. -- Tim Radford * Nature *Beautifully written . . . At her best Vince takes dizzying leaps, making connections between archaeology, anthropology, genetics and psychology. She is especially good on the delicate interplay between genes, environment and culture. Vince steps with lightness. -- Tom Whipple * The Times *The storming success of Yuval Noah Harari's books has inspired many others that aim to span the epic sweep of human history with grand theories and cor-blimey factoids. This book does both. -- The Times * Best Science and Medicine Books of the Year *Here is the miraculous creature we are: unlikely, poignant, astonishing ... Much to think about. This book gives rise to many such thoughts and is written with merciful clarity. -- Sebastian BarryWonderful ... enlightening. -- Robin InceRichly informed by the latest research, Gaia Vince's colourful survey fizzes like a zip-wire as it tours our species' story from the Big Bang to the coming age of hypercooperation. -- Richard Wrangham, Professor of biological anthropology at Harvard University and author of The Goodness ParadoxAn imaginative and inspiring adventure into the origins and evolution of what we hold most dear: our human culture. -- Uta Frith, Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Development UCLThis book goes from the Big Bang to the Hundred Thousand Genome Project to make a convincing case that Homo sapiens has become a super-organism. I learned a lot from it and so will you. -- Steve Jones, Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics UCL, author of Almost Like a Whale

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewFull of interesting ideas, insightful and thought-provoking ... A stimulating book that perhaps leaves the reader with more questions than answers. That, in case you are wondering, is intended as praise -- Tony Mann * Times Higher Education *

Read more less

Book SynopsisA lyrical celebration of birdsong, and the rekindling of a deep passion for nature.''At this time of year, blackbirds never simply fly: instead, like reluctantly retired officers, they''re always on manoeuvres, and it''s easy to see from their constant agitation that for them every flower bed is a bunker, every shed a redoubt and every hedge-bottom a potential place of ambush''As the world went silent in lockdown, something else happened; for the first time, many of us started becoming more aware of the spring sounds of the birds around us. Birdsong in a Time of Silence is a lyrical, uplifting reflection on these sounds and what they mean to us.From a portrait of the blackbird - most prominent and articulate of the early spring singers - to explorations of how birds sing, the science behind their choice of song and nest-sites, and the varied meanings that people have brought to and taken from birdsong, this book ultimately shows that natural history and human history cannot be separated. It is the story of a collective reawakening brought on by the strangest of springs.Trade ReviewA delightful meditation on the wonder of birdsong, and how it helped us at a moment of crisis -- Stephen MossThis is a joyous and profound meditation on birdsong and what it means to us, a book that brings to life an essential part of the natural world that most of us take so much for granted that we scarcely notice it -- PD Smith * Guardian (Book of the Day) *Lovatt's approach is fresh, joyful and uncomplicated. Birdsong in a Time of Silence recalls a spring we will never forget but also reminds us that the pandemic grew out of our disregard for nature, and could presage ecological disaster -- Nicola Chester * Financial Times *This is a lyrical, exhilarating work of utter loveliness * Saga *Beautifully observed... exhilaratingly original... [Written with] exquisite prose that soars as high as his beloved birds -- Bel Mooney * Daily Mail *

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewPollan is always an entertaining writer, and a deep thinker with a light touch ... it's a trip - engrossing, eye-opening, mind altering. -- Sophie McBain * New Statesman *This fascinating insight into our relationship with mind-altering plants weaves personal experimentation with cultural history ... Pollan is the perfect guide through this sometimes controversial territory; curious, careful and, as his book progresses, increasingly open minded. -- Tim Adams * The Guardian *Expert storytelling ... Pollan masterfully elevates a series of big questions about drugs, plants and humans that are likely to leave readers thinking in new ways. -- Rob Dunn * New York Times Book Review *Brilliant, compulsively readable ... Pollan's storytelling is deft, forthright and fascinating. -- Charles Foster * The Oldie *Like it or not, we are undergoing a drugs revolution ... thankfully Pollan is here to guide us through this putative challenge ... [this] relatable, middle class New York plant fancier might be the ideal standard bearer for today's calmer, more scientific approach to the subject. -- Josh Glancy * Sunday Times *Pollan's intertwining of reportage, citizen science and historical scholarship is a delightful and informative read ... [he] has a rational optimism that might tempt even the most sober and sceptical to try to broaden their horizons. -- AJ Lees * Literary Review *Pollan is a gentle, generous writer. -- David Aaronovitch * The Times *Michael Pollan weaves tales of drug experimentation into a historical account of our long relationship with them. -- Simon Ings * New Scientist *This Is Your Mind on Plants is witty, entertaining and polite, but it is not trivial. Subtly but assuredly, Pollan argues that which plants (and fungi) we are allowed and how depends, consciously or otherwise, on the interests of power. -- Josh Raymond * Times Literary Supplement *The descriptions of London's coffee house culture and Honoré de Balzac's barbarous habit of ingesting dry coffee grounds to fuel all-night scribbling sessions are worth the book's price alone ... The book is really about the relation between each plant and the humans who consume it, tackled in a non-judgmental and objective way that seeks to dispel the ignorance, prejudice and demonisation they attract. * Financial Times *Fascinating and occasionally terrifying ... His opium chapter is mesmerising. -- Marcus Berkmann * Daily Mail *A tour around three substances: caffeine, mescaline and opium. The first is legal, the others remain mostly illegal. Pollan offers us rich historical contexts for them that are often surprising. -- Peter Carty * Independent *Every now and then to be put in touch with what really matters - what could be more important than that? -- Emily Hourican * Irish Independent *

Read more less

Book SynopsisPlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 1 and AS Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2016Written by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students throughout their course whilst delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs relevant and influential today as when it was first published, this classic exposition of evolutionary thought, widely hailed for its stylistic brilliance and deep scientific insights, stimulated whole new areas of research. This extended edition includes a new epilogue from the author and two key chapters from The Extended Phenotype.Trade ReviewFrom the moment of its publication 40 years ago, it has been a sparkling best-seller and a scientific game-changer. * Matt Ridley, Nature *Review from previous edition The sort of popular science writing that makes the reader feel like a genius. * New York Times *This book should be read, can be read, by almost everyone. It describes with great skill a new face of the theory of evolution. W.D. Hamilton, ScienceLearned, witty and very well written...Exhilaratingly good. Peter Medawar in The SpectatorThe exciting theories and their wide implications are explaned with clarity, wit and enthusiasm. Peter Parker, Sunday TimesDawkins demonstrates that complex, theoretical or mathematical ideas can be expressed rigorously, in plain English. The book remains an excellent way for those who have not been trained in evolution to understand modern arguments. Trends in Ecology and EvolutionA splendid example of how difficult scientific ideas can be explained by someone who understands them and is willing to take the trouble. The New Yorkerthe reader will come away with a clear understanding of kin selection, evolutionary stable strategies, and similar staples of the literature on evolutionary theories of animal behaviour. This is a considerable achievement.' Times Higher Education SupplementBuy this book, read it and recommend it to your students...There is still nothing else quite like it. Not only are the new chapters and endnotes worthy additions to the original, but the 1976 text comes up as fresh as a primrose and, in its way, nearly as perfect. * Animal Behaviour *What is so refreshing about Dawkins is that he has confidence in the scientific method, in the testing of beliefs to destruction, no matter how cherished they may be. * Benjamin Woolley, The Listener *'Scientists give every appearance of being addicts, and science is their vice. That is one reason why progress in science is so rapid. I for one have benefited a great deal from Dawkins's addiction.' David L. Hull, Nature'It's a classic that's still relevant today.' * Daily Express *Dawkins's first book, The Selfish Gene, was a smash hit... Best of all, Dawkins laid out this biology - some of it truly subtle - in stunningly lucid prose. (It is, in my view, the best work of popular science ever written.) * H. Allen Orr, New York Review of Books *The Selfish Gene is a classic. * Robin McKie, The Observer *A genuine cultural landmark of our time. * The Independent *Review from previous edition The sort of popular science writing that makes the reader feel like a genius. * New York Times *A splendid edition with a new introduction as well as (importantly) the introductions to the previous editions. * Jonathan Cowie, Concatenation *Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION TO 30TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION; PREFACE TO 1989 2ND EDITION; FOREWORD TO 1976 1ST EDITION; PREFACE TO 1976 1ST EDITION; EPILOGUE TO 40TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION; ENDNOTES; REVIEWS FROM EARLIER EDITIONS; UPDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX AND KEY TO BIBLIOGRAPHY; EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS; THE EXTENDED PHENOTYPE OPENER; REFERENCES

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe tide is the greatest synchronised movement of matter on our planet. Every drop of seawater takes part in tidal motion, driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. At the coast, we see the tide as a twice-daily rise and fall of sea level that moves the edge of the sea up and down a beach or cliff-face. In some places, the tide is small but at others it can rise in a few hours by the height of a three storey building; it then has to be treated with great respect by those who live and work by the sea. In this Very Short Introduction David George Bowers and Emyr Martyn Roberts explore what we know about the tides. Blending clear explanations of well known tidal phenomena with recent insights in the deep ocean and coastal seas, Bowers and Roberts use examples from around the world, to tell the story of the tide, considering its nature and causes, its observation and prediction, and unusual tides and their relevance. They explore why tides have attracted the attention of some of the world''s greatest scientists, from the initial challenge of explaining why there are two tides a day when the moon and sun pass overhead just once; a problem that was solved by Isaac Newton. In the 19th century, scientists unravelled the rhythms of the tide; good tidal predictions in the form of tide tables were then possible. The predictions were made on beautiful tide predicting machines constructed of brass and mahogany, some of which can still be seen in maritime museums. In the 20th century, the importance of tides as mixers of sea water became evident. As Bowers and Roberts explore, tidal mixing of the ocean is essential for maintaining its deep circulation, a key part of the climate-control system of our planet. In inshore waters, tidal mixing enhances biological productivity, influences sea temperature and turbidity and creates dramatic features such as maelstroms and tidal bores. In the 21st century, space probes are examining the effects of tidal processes on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn and the possibility of tidally-heated liquid oceans with their own ecosystems. Looking to the cutting edge of tidal research, Bowers and Roberts also consider how we can study the role of the tide in the geological and biological evolution of our own planet with innovative computer models. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Trade ReviewThis is an interesting and well written book that provides an invaluable introduction to all things tidal ... This is most certainly a book I would recommend to any oceanography students, or indeed physical geography students keen to get an understanding of tides and their importance in marine, coastal and estuarine environments. * Robert A. Francis, Progress in Physical Geography *Table of Contents1: Watching the tide 2: Making tides 3: Measurement and prediciton 4: The tide in shelf seas 5: Tidal bores 6: Tides and the Earth 7: Tidal mixing 8: New frontiers Further Reading index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat is time? What does it mean for time to pass? Is it possible to travel in time? What is the difference between the past and future? Until the work of Newton, these questions were purely topics of philosophical speculation. Since then we''ve learned a great deal about time, and its study has moved from a subject of philosophical reflection to instead became part of the subject matter of physics. This Very Short Introduction introduces readers to the current physical understanding of the direction of time, from the Second Law of Thermodynamics to the emergence of complexity and life. Jenann Ismael charts the line of development in physical theory from Newton, via Einstein''s Theory of Relativity, to the current day. Einstein''s innovations led to a vision of time very different from the familiar time of everyday sense. In this new vision, time is one of the dimensions in which the universe is extended alongside the spatial dimensions. The universe appears as a static block of events, in which there is no more a difference between past and future than there is between east and west. Discussing the controversy and philosophical confusion which surrounded the reception of this new vision, Ismael also covers the contemporary mixture of statistical mechanics, cognitive science, and phenomenology that point the way to reconciling the familiar time of everyday sense with the vision of time presented in Einstein''s theories. Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1: History up through Newton 2: From space and time to space-time: the era of Einstein 3: Philosophical implications of the relativistic conception of time 4: The direction of time 5: The time of human experience 6: The big picture and new horizons Further Reading Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAgainst the backdrop of unprecedented concern for the future of health care, this Very Short Introduction surveys the history of medicine from classical times to the present. Focussing on the key turning points in the history of Western medicine, such as the advent of hospitals and the rise of experimental medicine, Bill Bynum offers insights into medicine''s past, while at the same time engaging with contemporary issues, discoveries, and controversies.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. Bedside Medicine ; 2. Library Medicine ; 3. Hospital Medicine ; 4. Social Medicine ; 5. Laboratory Medicine ; 6. Technological Medicine ; References and Further Reading

Read more less

Book SynopsisWriting Science is a much-needed guide to succeeding in modern science. It equips science students, scientists, and professionals across a wide range of scientific and technical fields with the tools needed to communicate effectively.Trade ReviewThe advice is clearly explained and illustrated throughout, with abundant real examples of good and bad practice. Readers are also invited to select papers from the primary literature and their own work, and at the end of each chapter are encouraged to use the newly introduced concepts to suggest improvements to them. Scientists and students at all levels will benefit from the practical advice in this book. * Sarah Farley, Chemistry World *Table of ContentsPreface ; Acknowledgments ; 1 Writing in science ; 2 Science writing as story telling ; 3 Making a story sticky ; 4 Story Structure ; 5 The Opening ; 6 The Funnel: connecting O and C ; 7 The Challenge ; 8 The Action ; 9 The Resolution ; 10 Internal Structure ; 11 Paragraphs ; 12 Sentences ; 13 Developing flow ; 14 Energizing writing ; 15 Words ; 16 Condensing ; 17 Putting it all together: real editing ; 18 Dealing with limitations ; 19 Writing global science ; 20 Writing for the public ; 21 Resolution ; App. A: My Answers to Exercises ; App. B: Resources

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Ever since Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity burst upon the world in 1915 some of the most brilliant minds of our century have sought to decipher the mysteries bequeathed by that theory, a legacy so unthinkable in some respects that even Einstein himself rejected them.Trade Review"Deeply satisfying.... [An] engrossing blend of theory, history, and anecdote." -- Wall Street Journal"Among the best of [its] genre to appear in recent years." -- Malcolm W. Browne - New York Times Book Review"Readers seeking to go beyond today's headlines will not find a higher authority (or a better storyteller) to discuss the cosmo's most bizarre features…Masterful and intriguing." -- Marcia Bartusiak - Washington Post"Superb. It is what many other books about their subject ought to have been and were not.... I think the book itself will be a strong force." -- Carl Sagan"Black Holes & Time Warps reveals the scientific enterprise as very few books do; it richly overflows with history, modern physics, the excitement of discovery, and rare, firsthand scientific styles and temperaments." -- Alan Lightman

Read more less

Book SynopsisGraduate-level text explains modern in-depth approaches to the calculation of the electronic structure and properties of molecules. Hartree-Fock approximation, electron pair approximation, much more. Largely self-contained, only prerequisite is solid course in physical chemistry. Over 150 exercises. 1989 edition.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRichard Dawkins is the renowned academic responsible for such works as The Selfish Gene through to the phenomenal The God Delusion. Recently, he presented The Genius of Charles Darwin, a three-part television series examining the legacy of the great scientist and some of the issues covered in this timely book.Trade ReviewRichard Dawkins is so much more than just the world's most famous atheist, this smart and engaging "evidence for evolution" is required reading for those who want a grounding in the facts. It's as fascinating as it is challenging * Independent *In the bicentennial year of Darwin's birth Mr Dawkins fills a gap in his oeuvre by setting out the evidence that the "theory" of evolution is a fact... And what a lot of evidence there is * The Economist *With characteristic flair and passion, Dawkins has put on a stunning exhibition of the evidence for evolution. In his own words, 'Evolution is a fact... and no unbiased reader will close the book doubting it' -- Dr Alice Roberts, Biological anthropologist, author & broadcasterRichard Dawkins writes about evolution science with unflagging enthusiasm, wit and lucidity. This book is a wonderful addition to his already distinguished ouevre -- Brian EnoDawkins's writing demonstrates once again his consummate skill as an explainer... the topics are all laid out with that combination of clarity and verve that is [his] hallmark * Guardian *

Read more less

Book SynopsisFalling in love is one of the strangest things we can do - and one of the things that makes us uniquely human. But what happens to our brains when our eyes meet across a crowded room? Why do we kiss each other, forget our friends, seek a ''good sense of humour'' in Lonely Hearts adverts and try (and fail) to be monogamous? How are our romantic relationships different from our relationships with friends, family or even God? Can science help us, or are we better off turning back to the poets?Basing his arguments on new and experimental scientific research, Robin Dunbar explores the psychology and ethology of romantic love and how our evolutionary programming still affects our behaviour. Fascinating and illuminating, witty and accessible, The Science of Love and Betrayal is essential reading for anyone who''s ever wondered why we fall in love and what on earth is going on when we do.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Nobel Prize-winning physicist argues that beauty is the fundamental organizing principle for the entire universeIn this scientific tour de force, world-class physicist Frank Wilczek argues that beauty is at the heart of the logic of the universe. As the quest to find the beauty embodied in the universe has connected all scientific pursuit, from Pythagoras to Einstein, Wilczek shows us just how deeply intertwined our ideas about beauty and art are with our understanding of the cosmos. A Beautiful Question is a mind-expanding book combining the age-old human quest for beauty with the age-old human quest for truth.Trade ReviewA truly beautiful book ... Why do physicists call their theories beautiful? Immerse yourself in this book, wallow in it, sit back and relax as you wander through it, and you'll soon understand. -- Richard Muller, author of Physics for Future PresidentsAnyone who wants to see how science and transcendence can be compatible must read this book. Wilczek has caught the winds of change, and his thinking breaks through some sacred boundaries with curiosity, insight, and intellectual power. -- Deepak Chopra, M.D.Illuminating ... A fresh perspective on modern scientific thinking from an expert with a flair for jargon-free exposition ... Wilczek writes A Beautiful Question with bracing pizzazz ... Contains more beef than many a finely written scientific potboiler. -- Graham Farmelo * Guardian *The first book I've read in which I've felt that almost vertiginous sensation of peering through layers of theories down to the true nature of the universe ... At times this is a challenging text, but it is well worth the effort. Wilczek is admirably clear in his explanations. -- Lewis Dartnell * Telegraph *It's rare that scientists as brilliant as Wilczek give us a glimpse of what goes on inside their heads ... Expect to come away pretty dazzled. * BBC Focus *[A] searching and earnest book ... The book of a love-struck physicist ... A Beautiful Question is a meditation. -- Amy X. Wang * Slate *A Beautiful Question is both a brilliant exploration of largely uncharted territories and a refreshingly idiosyncratic guide to developments in particle physics. * Nature *Wilczek's sheer pleasure in the beauty of mathematics is the engine and joy of this book ... [A] rewarding read ... There is a lot of food for the mind here, but also some for the eye. -- Andrea Wulf * Financial Times *[An] eccentrically brilliant book -- Steven Poole * Spectator *

Read more less

Book SynopsisDo you know your Kite from your Kestrel? What is the only known poisonous bird in the world? What type of bird can only eat upside down?Put your knowledge to the test with 52 trivia cards, each one illustrated with exquisite avian art to double as a game of Snap, Memory, Quartets or Swap.Presented in a foiled gift box and with a booklet that contains the rules of play to four traditional card games, this is the perfect gift for bird lovers.Card games also available in the series: Flowers of the World.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn insightful new book putting Einstein's work in a contemporary contextTrade ReviewKaku reassesses Einstein to give a new, refreshing look at his pioneering work, and the enduring legacy of this exceptional man. * SUNDAY TELEGRAPH *

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisLearn about the phases of the moon with this sparkly interactive tie-back book with a surprise glow-in-the-dark ending!Trade ReviewIt is rare to find a book which is so stunningly aesthetic as well as powerful in its bold and clear presentation of content. Phases of the Moon is a feast for the eyes, touch and heart. Shade 7 has managed to produce a book as timeless and beautiful as the celestial beauty of the moon itself, we will cherish our copy for many moons inshaAllah. I really think the book will have a profound effect on my children understanding the significance of the moon in islam and learning it's phases.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBuilding on mathematical structures familiar from quantum mechanics, this book provides an introduction to quantization in a broad context before developing a framework for quantum geometry in Matrix Theory and string theory. Taking a physics-oriented approach to quantum geometry, this framework helps explain the physics of Yang?Mills-type matrix models, leading to a quantum theory of space-time and matter. This novel framework is then applied to Matrix Theory, which is defined through distinguished maximally supersymmetric matrix models related to string theory. A mechanism for gravity is discussed in depth, which emerges as a quantum effect on quantum space-time within Matrix Theory. Using explicit examples and exercises, readers will develop a physical intuition for the mathematical concepts and mechanisms. It will benefit advanced students and researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics, and is a useful resource for physicists and mathematicians interested in the geometrical aspects of quantization in a broader context.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor first examination from 2022, these resources meet the real needs of the physics classroom. Extensive research through lesson observations, teacher interviews and work with our research community (the Cambridge Panel) means that this coursebook with digital access meets the real teaching needs of the physics classroom. Exam-style questions ensure students feel confident approaching assessment. New features provide reflection opportunities and self-evaluation checklists develop responsible learners. The coursebook provides a range of enquiry questions, such as practical activities, group work and debate questions that develop 21st century skills. It supports English as a second language learners with key command terms, accessible language and glossary definitions.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCovers new trace evidence techniques and expanding areas of analysis, along with key theory and applications Developed around the need for updated information in the disciplines of trace evidence the Handbook of Trace Evidence Analysis focuses on the increasing awareness and need for validation, modern methods for addressing and controlling contamination, the shift towards incorporating statistical analyses into the interpretation phase and cutting edge research into new forensic science methods and their application. Beginning with an overview of the topic and discussing the important role that information derived from trace materials can provide during investigations, the book then presents chapters on key techniques. The first being the critical nature of microscopy, and the methods employed for the recognition, collection, and preservation of trace evidence. Subsequent chapters review the core disciplines of trace evidence examination: paints and polymers, hairs, fibers and textiles and glass. Each chapter contains in-depth discussions on the origin of the materials involved, including any natural or synthetic processes involved in their production, the nuances involved in their detection, and the methods of analysis that are used to extract valuable information from samples. In addition, suggested workflows in method and testing selections, as well as addressing specific scientific challenges as well as the limitations of knowledge on the transfer, persistence and background abundance of trace materials are discussed. The book ends by examining the interpretation of trace evidence findings from a historical perspective and examining the methods that are currently being developed. Provides an in-depth introduction to the general area of trace evidence and discusses current and new techniquesConsolidates trace evidence and materials categories of testing into one reference seriesOffers a detailed focus on technical approaches and guidelines to trace evidenceIncludes analytical schemes/workflows and valuable guides for the interpretation of data and results The Handbook of Trace Evidence will appeal to forensic science academics, students, and practitioners in the trace evidence and materials science disciplines, as well as DNA analysts, toxicologists, forensic anthropologists, crime laboratory managers, criminal justice students and practitioners, and legal professionals. It would also be a valuable resource for every crime laboratory reference library.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xvii 1 Trace Evidence Recognition, Collection, and Preservation 1Ted R. Schwartz, Daniel S. Rothenberg, and Brandi L. Clark 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theories of Transfer and Persistence 1 1.2.1 Locard’s Exchange Principle 1 1.2.2 Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, etc. Transfers 2 1.2.3 Non-contact Transfers 4 1.2.4 Patterns Due to Contact 4 1.2.5 Factors Affecting the Likelihood of a Transfer 5 1.2.6 Factors Affecting Persistence 5 1.3 Proper Evidence Handling Practices 6 1.3.1 Proper Clothing to Wear and Why 7 1.3.2 Other Techniques to Avoid Contamination and Loss 7 1.4 Recognition, Collection, and Preservation of Trace Evidence at the Crime Scene 8 1.4.1 Searching for Relevant Trace Evidence 9 1.4.1.1 Visible Trace Evidence 9 1.4.1.2 Invisible Trace Evidence 9 1.4.2 Documentation 9 1.4.3 Collection 10 1.4.3.1 Collecting the Entire Item Containing Potential Trace Evidence 11 1.4.3.2 Picking with a Gloved Hand or Tweezers 13 1.4.3.3 Collecting Invisible Trace Evidence 14 1.4.3.4 Tape Lifting 14 1.4.3.5 Vacuum Sweeping 15 1.4.3.6 Tape Lifting vs. Vacuum Sweeping: Which Method to Use? 16 1.4.3.7 Other Techniques 16 1.4.4 Taking Known Exemplars and Alibi Samples 17 1.4.5 Collection of Trace Evidence from a Body 18 1.4.6 Preserving Evidence and Maintaining the Chain of Custody 19 Checklist: Crime Scene Procedures 19 Components of a Crime Scene Kit for Trace Evidence Collection 20 1.5 Recognition, Collection, and Preservation of Trace Evidence in the Laboratory 21 1.5.1 Workspace Preparation 21 Checklist: Preparation of Examination Area in the Laboratory 21 1.5.2 Evidence Examination Considerations 22 1.5.3 Initial Examination Considerations 22 A Note Regarding Evidence Handling and Potential DNA Contamination 22 1.5.4 Evidence Description 23 1.5.5 Macroscopic Evidence Examination 23 1.5.6 Stereomicroscopic Examination 23 1.5.7 Additional Documentation 24 1.5.8 The Collection of Trace Evidence from Items in the Laboratory 25 1.5.9 Collection Techniques 25 1.5.9.1 Picking off Observed Trace Evidence 25 1.5.9.2 Shaking/Scraping 26 1.5.9.3 Tape Lifting 27 1.5.9.4 Vacuum Sweeping 27 1.5.9.5 Combinations of the Above Methods 28 1.5.10 Taking Known Exemplar Samples 28 Checklist: Evidence Examination in the Laboratory 28 1.6 Summary 29 Acknowledgments 29 References 29 Further Reading 30 2 Polarized Light Microscopy for the Trace Evidence Examiner 32Andrew M. Bowen 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 The Nature of Light 34 2.2.1 Reflection 35 2.2.2 Refraction 36 2.2.3 Dispersion 40 2.2.4 Temperature Coefficient of Refractive Index 41 2.2.5 Absorption of Light 41 2.2.6 Other Interactions Between Light and Matter 41 2.3 Light Microscopy 42 2.3.1 Image Formation in a Compound Light Microscope 42 2.3.2 Numerical Aperture and Resolution 45 2.4 Introduction to Crystallography 55 2.4.1 Symmetry 55 2.4.2 Crystal Point Groups 57 2.4.3 Six Crystal Systems 58 2.4.3.1 Cubic (Isometric) System 58 2.4.3.2 Tetragonal System 60 2.4.3.3 Hexagonal System 60 2.4.3.4 Orthorhombic System 62 2.4.3.5 Monoclinic System 62 2.4.3.6 Triclinic System 63 2.4.4 Crystal Morphology 64 2.4.4.1 Miller Indices 65 2.4.4.2 Crystal Forms and Crystal Habit 67 2.4.4.3 Crystal Morphology Through the Light Microscope 68 2.5 Introduction to Optical Crystallography 69 2.5.1 Optics of Isotropic Substances 69 2.5.2 Optics of Uniaxial Substances 75 2.5.3 Optics of Biaxial Substances 84 2.5.3.1 Optic Axial Plane and Optic Normal 88 2.5.3.2 Acute Bisectrix, Obtuse Bisectrix, Optic Sign, and Optic Axial Angle 90 2.5.3.3 Optical Orientation 91 2.5.3.4 Dispersion in Biaxial Crystals 93 2.6 Measurement of Optical Properties 94 2.6.1 Measurement of Refractive Index Values: Isotropic Substances 95 2.6.1.1 Becke Line Immersion Method 97 2.6.1.2 Single Variation Method 99 2.6.1.3 Emmons Double Variation Method 100 2.6.2 Measurement of Refractive Indices in Uniaxial Substances 100 2.6.3 Measurement of Refractive Index in Biaxial Substances 105 2.6.4 Retardation 107 2.6.5 Birefringence 113 2.6.6 Extinction Characteristics 120 2.6.7 Use of Compensators and Sign of Elongation 129 2.6.8 Conoscopic Observations of Uniaxial Substances 134 2.6.9 Conoscopic Observations on Biaxial Substances 142 2.6.10 Updated Measurement of Refractive Index Values: Uniaxial Substances 150 2.6.11 Updated Measurement of Refractive Index Values: Biaxial Substances 151 2.6.12 The Spindle Stage 151 2.7 Identification of an Unknown Using Optical Properties 152 2.7.1 Applications of Light Microscopy to Trace Evidence 155 References 156 3 Paints and Polymers 157Robyn B. Weimer, Diana M. Wright, and Tamara Hodgins 3.1 Introduction to the Paint and Polymer Discipline 157 3.2 Overview of Polymer Chemistry 159 3.2.1 Introduction to Polymers 159 3.2.2 Polymer Synthesis 159 3.3 Overview of Coatings 160 3.3.1 Chemistry and Terminology of Coatings 160 3.3.1.1 Binders 161 3.3.1.2 Pigments 161 3.3.1.3 Additives 163 3.3.1.4 Volatile Components 163 3.3.2 Manufacturing Considerations 163 3.3.3 Application Processes 164 3.3.3.1 Spraying 164 3.3.3.2 Dipping 165 3.3.3.3 Electrodeposition 165 3.3.4 Types of Coatings and End Uses 166 3.3.4.1 Automotive Coatings 166 3.3.4.2 Architectural Coatings 171 3.3.4.3 Vehicular Non-automotive Coatings 173 3.3.4.4 Tool Coatings 174 3.3.4.5 Other/Specialty Coatings 174 3.3.5 Other Polymeric Materials 177 3.3.5.1 Buttons, Hair Beads, Jewelry, and Synthetic Fingernails 177 3.3.5.2 Gasoline Cans 177 3.3.5.3 Plastic Bags 178 3.3.5.4 Gloves 178 3.3.5.5 Automotive Parts and Panels 178 3.3.5.6 Decals 178 3.3.5.7 Paintballs 179 3.3.5.8 Glitter 179 3.3.5.9 Foam 179 3.4 Forensic Examination 180 3.4.1 Recognition, Collection, and Preservation 180 3.4.1.1 Gross Examination 180 3.4.1.2 Visual Recovery and Collection 182 3.4.1.3 Recovery by Scraping 182 3.4.2 Analytical Scheme 184 3.4.2.1 Physical Fit 184 3.4.2.2 Comparison 185 3.4.2.3 Exposing of Layers 186 3.4.2.4 Physical Characteristics to Note 188 3.4.2.5 Further Testing 192 3.5 Paint Databases 199 3.5.1 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Paint Data Query Database 200 3.6 Interpretation and Report Considerations 206 References 210 4 Forensic Hair Microscopy 219Jason C. Beckert 4.1 Introduction 219 4.1.1 History 219 4.2 Chemistry and Histology 221 4.2.1 Basic Chemistry 221 4.2.2 Basic Histology 222 4.2.3 Cuticle 223 4.2.4 Cortex 224 4.2.5 Medulla 225 4.2.6 Cell Membrane Complex 225 4.2.7 Follicle 225 4.3 Physiology 225 4.3.1 Hair Cycle 225 4.3.1.1 Timing 226 4.3.1.2 Shedding 227 4.3.2 Growth Rates 228 4.3.3 Changes with Age 228 4.3.3.1 Hair Color, Graying, and Baldness 229 4.4 Collection and Isolation 230 4.4.1 Questioned Samples 230 4.4.1.1 Techniques 230 4.4.1.2 Other Considerations 232 4.4.2 Known Samples 233 4.5 General Hair 235 4.5.1 Types of Hair 235 4.5.1.1 Human 235 4.5.1.2 Animal 236 4.5.2 Basic Microscopy 237 4.5.2.1 Cuticle 238 4.5.2.2 Cortex 239 4.5.2.3 Medulla 241 4.5.3 Basic Hair Identification 241 4.5.4 Human Versus Animal Hair 242 4.6 Human Hair Examinations 245 4.6.1 Somatic Origin 245 4.6.2 Ancestry 247 4.6.3 Cosmetic Treatment 249 4.6.4 Shaft Abnormalities 252 4.6.5 Hair End Morphology 254 4.6.5.1 Typical Root Morphology 254 4.6.5.2 General Significance 256 4.6.5.3 Suitability for DNA Testing 256 4.6.5.4 Postmortem Changes 257 4.6.5.5 Other Atypical Root Morphologies 259 4.6.5.6 Non-root Morphologies 259 4.6.6 Degradation 262 4.6.6.1 Weathering 262 4.6.6.2 Heat 264 4.6.6.3 Biodeterioration 265 4.6.6.4 Other General Changes 268 4.7 Human Hair Comparisons 268 4.7.1 Comparison Guidelines 269 4.7.1.1 Macroscopic Observations and Stereomicroscopy 269 4.7.1.2 Compound Light Microscopy 269 4.7.1.3 Comparison Microscopy 270 4.7.2 Conclusions and Interpretation 272 4.7.2.1 Association 272 4.7.2.2 Inconclusive 274 4.7.2.3 Exclusion 274 4.8 Transfer and Persistence 275 4.9 Animal Hair 279 4.9.1 Identification 280 4.9.2 Cats and Dogs 283 4.9.3 Textile Fur Fibers 286 4.10 Specialized Techniques 287 4.10.1 Examination of the Cuticular Surface 287 4.10.2 Transverse Cross-sections 289 4.10.3 Longitudinal Cross-sections 291 4.11 Practical Considerations 294 4.11.1 Training 294 4.11.2 Reference Collections 295 4.11.3 Examination Guidelines 296 4.11.4 Documentation, Report Writing, and Testimony 298 4.12 Criticisms 299 4.12.1 Probability 299 4.12.2 FBI Review 300 4.13 Summary: The Value of Forensic Hair Microscopy 301 References 304 5 Fibers 322Sandra Koch and Kornelia Nehse 5.1 Introduction to Forensic Fiber Analysis 322 5.2 Fiber Overview 323 5.2.1 Textile Production: Fiber – Yarn/Cordage – Fabric 323 5.2.2 Fiber Types 328 5.2.2.1 Natural Fibers 328 5.2.2.2 Manufactured Fibers 332 5.2.3 Fiber/Textile Coloration 338 5.3 Forensic Fiber Examination Background 339 5.3.1 Transfer and Persistence 339 5.3.2 Collection 342 5.3.2.1 Recognition, Collection, and Preservation 342 5.3.2.2 Collection 343 5.3.2.3 Visual Recovery: Picking 343 5.3.2.4 Other Recovery Methods: Taping, Scraping, and Vacuuming 343 5.3.3 Identification 344 5.3.3.1 Natural Fiber Identification 345 5.3.4 Comparison 351 5.4 Microscopical Analysis 352 5.4.1 Stereomicroscopy 353 5.4.2 Brightfield Microscopy 354 5.4.3 Polarized Light Microscopy 354 5.4.4 Fluorescence Microscopy 355 5.4.5 Comparison Microscopy 355 5.4.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy 356 5.5 Instrumental Analysis 356 5.5.1 Microspectrophotmetry: UV-Visible 356 5.5.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 357 5.5.3 Raman Spectroscopy 358 5.5.4 Other Analytical Techniques (Non-routine) 359 5.5.4.1 Thin-layer Chromatography 359 5.5.4.2 Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry 361 5.5.4.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 361 5.5.4.4 Melting Point 361 5.6 Microscopic Characteristics to Note in Forensic Fiber Examinations 361 5.7 Optical Properties 361 5.8 Chemistry 362 5.8.1 Solubility Testing 362 5.9 Forensic Examination 363 5.9.1 Analytical Scheme 363 5.9.2 Fabric and Cordage Examinations 363 5.9.2.1 Fabric Damage 363 5.9.2.2 Cordage 368 5.10 Interpretation and Reporting 368 5.10.1 Interpretation 368 5.10.2 Report Writing 369 5.11 Testimony 370 References 370 6 Interpretation of Glass Evidence 377James Curran, Tacha Hicks, and Tatiana Trejos 6.1 Introduction to Glass Examination 377 6.1.1 Composition, Manufacture, and Distribution 378 6.1.2 Forensic Examination Protocols 380 6.1.3 Refractive Index 380 6.1.4 Refractive Index Annealing 382 6.1.5 Elemental Analysis of Glass 382 6.1.5.1 SEM-EDS 383 6.1.5.2 Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence 383 6.1.5.3 ICP Methods 383 6.1.5.4 LIBS 385 6.1.6 Comparison of Discrimination Capabilities of the Methods of Analysis 386 6.2 Introduction to the Interpretation of Glass Evidence 387 6.2.1 Formulation ofWorking Propositions and Case Pre-assessment 388 6.2.2 Evaluation of Results Given Source Level Propositions 390 6.2.3 Evaluation of Results Given Activity Level Propositions 391 6.2.4 A Note on the Use of “Contact” or Pseudo-Activity Level Propositions 391 6.2.5 Evaluation of Results Given Offence Level Propositions 392 6.2.6 Evaluation of Results Given Source Level Propositions 393 6.2.7 The Two-Stage Approach 394 6.2.7.1 Interpretation Based on RI Measurements 394 6.2.7.2 Student’s t-Test 397 6.2.7.3 Interpretation Based on Elemental Analysis Measurements 401 6.2.7.4 Match Steps for Elemental Analysis 402 6.2.7.5 Disadvantages of the Two-Stage Approach 404 6.2.8 The Continuous Approach 404 6.2.8.1 Interpretation Based on RI Measurements 405 6.2.8.2 Interpretation Based on Elemental Analysis Measurements 407 6.2.8.3 Evaluation of Results Given Activity Level Propositions 408 6.2.8.4 Example 1: One Group, One Control 409 6.2.9 Assigning Background and Transfer Probabilities 410 6.3 Concluding Remarks 412 References 413 7 Interpreting Trace Evidence 421Patrick Buzzini and James M. Curran 7.1 What is Evidence Interpretation? 421 7.2 A Process of Uncertainties 422 7.3 Factors Affecting Evidence Interpretation 426 7.3.1 The Context of the Case 426 7.3.2 The Questions Directed to the Forensic Scientist and Hypothesis Formulation 427 7.3.3 Extent of Collected Analytical Information, Reliability, and Validity 429 7.3.4 The Degree of Similarity Between Compared Sets 431 7.4 Some Interpretive Issues: The Example of the Birmingham Six Bombing Case 432 7.4.1 Prosecutor’s Fallacy or the Transposed Conditional 433 7.4.2 Inappropriate Level of Propositions 434 7.4.3 Misconception of the 99% 434 7.4.4 Non-consideration of Plausible Defense Arguments 435 7.5 The Bayesian Approach 436 7.6 Implications of Expert Conclusions from Comparative Examinations: An Example with Fiber Evidence 438 7.6.1 Conclusion 1: Factual Reporting 439 7.6.2 Conclusion 2: Consistent with, Cannot Be Excluded, and Reasonable Degree of Certainty 439 7.6.3 Conclusion 3: High Discriminating Procedure 439 7.6.4 Conclusion 4: Rarity Assessment of the Suspected Source 439 7.6.5 Conclusion 5: “Association Key” Verbal Scale 440 7.6.6 Conclusion 6: Likelihood Ratio Verbal Scale 442 7.7 Conclusion 446 Acknowledgments 447 References 447 Index 455

Read more less

Book SynopsisLearn about the human body from the inside out Some people think that knowing about what goes on inside the human body can sap life of its mystery which is too bad for them.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 3 Where to Go from Here 4 Part 1: Locating Physiology on the Web of Knowledge 5 Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology: The Big Picture 7 Scientifically Speaking 7 How anatomy and physiology fit into science 8 Anatomy, gross and otherwise 10 A Little Chat about Jargon 11 Creating better communication 11 Establishing precise terminology 11 Looking at the Body from the Proper Perspective 13 Getting in position 13 Dividing the anatomy 15 Mapping out your regions 15 Casing your cavities 19 Organizing Yourself on Many Levels 21 Level I: The cellular level 23 Level II: The tissue level 23 Level III: The organ level 23 Level IV: The organ system level 23 Level V: The organism level 24 Chapter 2: What Your Body Does All Day 27 Transferring Energy: A Body’s Place in the World 28 Building Up and Breaking Down: Metabolism 28 Why your cells metabolize 29 How your cells metabolize 30 Staying in Range: Homeostasis 33 Maintaining a constant temperature: Thermoregulation 34 Swimming in H2O: Fluid balance 35 Adjusting the fuel supply: Blood glucose concentration 35 Measuring important variables 36 Growing, Replacing, and Renewing 37 Growing 37 Replacing 37 Repairing parts 39 Healing wounds 39 Lasting parts 40 Chapter 3: A Bit about Cell Biology 43 The Functions of Cells 43 Building themselves 44 Building tissues 45 Transforming energy 45 Making and transporting products 45 Communicating 46 Seeing the Inside of Eukaryotic Cells 46 Containing the cell: Cell membrane 48 Controlling the cell: Nucleus 51 Cytoplasm 51 Internal membranes 52 Powering the cell: Mitochondria 52 The protein factory 53 Lysosomes 54 Building Blocks That Build You 54 Joining together: The structure of macromolecules 54 Polysaccharides 55 Lipids 55 Proteins 56 Nucleic acids 57 Genes and Genetic Material 58 Traiting you right 59 Gene structure 59 Synthesizing protein 60 The Cell Cycle 62 Cells that divide, cells that don’t 62 Interphase 64 DNA replication 64 Mitosis 64 Organizing Cells into Tissues 67 Connecting with connective tissue 67 Continuing with epithelial tissue 68 Mixing it up with muscle tissue 70 Getting nervous about nervous tissue? 70 Part 2: Sizing Up the Structural Layers 71 Chapter 4: Getting the Skinny on Skin, Hair, and Nails 73 Functions of the Integument 74 Structure of the Integument 75 Touching the epidermis 75 Exploring the dermis 79 Getting under your skin: The hypodermis 81 Accessorizing Your Skin 81 Now hair this 81 Nailing nails 82 Nothing’s bland about glands 82 Your Skin Saving You 84 Controlling your internal temperature 85 Your skin is sensational 85 Your skin is self-healing 86 Pathophysiology of the Integument 86 Skin cancer 86 Dermatitis 87 Alopecia 87 Nail problems as signs of possible medical conditions 88 Chapter 5: Scrutinizing the Skeletal System 89 Reporting for Duty: The Jobs of Your Skeleton 90 Checking Out the Skeleton’s Makeup 90 Caring about connective tissue 90 The structure of a bone 93 Classifying bones 94 Bone Growth and Remodeling 95 The Axial Skeleton 96 Keeping your head up: The skull 97 Setting you straight on the curved spinal column 99 Being caged can be a good thing 101 The Appendicular Skeleton 102 Wearing girdles: Everybody has two 103 Going out on a limb: Arms and legs 105 Joints and the Movements They Allow 110 Categorizing the types of joints 110 Knowing what your joints can do 111 Pathophysiology of the Skeletal System 113 Abnormal curvature 113 Osteoporosis 113 Cleft palate 114 Arthritis 114 Fractures 115 Chapter 6: Muscles: Setting You in Motion 117 Functions of the Muscular System 118 Supporting your structure 118 Moving you 118 Poised positioning 119 Maintaining body temperature 119 Pushing things around inside 119 Talking about Tissue Types 121 Defining unique features of muscle cells 121 Skeletal muscle 123 Cardiac muscle 125 Smooth muscle 125 Getting a Grip on the Sliding Filament 126 Assembling a sarcomere 126 Telling the fiber to contract 127 Contracting and releasing the sarcomere 128 Naming the Skeletal Muscles 129 Starting at the top 130 Twisting the torso 132 Spreading your wings 135 Getting a leg up 136 Pathophysiology of the Muscular System 138 Muscular dystrophy 139 Muscle spasms 139 Fibromyalgia 140 Part 3: Talking to Yourself 141 Chapter 7: The Nervous System: Your Body’s Circuit Board 143 Integrating the Input with the Output 144 Nervous tissues 144 Neurons 145 Neuroglial cells 146 Nerves 147 Ganglia and plexuses 147 Integrated Networks 147 Central nervous system 148 Peripheral nervous system 149 Thinking about Your Brain 150 Keeping conscious: Your cerebrum 152 Making your moves smooth: The cerebellum 152 Coming up roses: Your brain stem 153 Regulating systems: The diencephalon 154 Following fluid through the ventricles 154 Blood-brain barrier 155 Transmitting the Impulse 156 Across the neuron 156 Across the synapse 158 Making Sense of Your Senses 161 Touch 162 Hearing and balance 162 Sight 163 Olfaction 164 Taste 165 Pathophysiology of the Nervous System 166 Chronic pain syndrome 166 Multiple sclerosis 166 Macular degeneration 166 Chapter 8: The Endocrine System: Releasing Chemical Messages 167 Homing In on Hormones 168 Hormone chemistry 168 Hormone sources 169 Hormone receptors 171 Grouping the Glands 172 The taskmasters: The hypothalamus and pituitary 173 Controlling metabolism 175 Getting the gonads going 178 Enteric endocrine 180 Other endocrine glands 182 Pathophysiology of the Endocrine System 183 Abnormalities in insulin metabolism 183 Thyroid disorders 184 Androgen insensitivity 186 Part 4: Exploring the Inner Workings of the Body 187 Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System: Getting Your Blood Pumping 189 Getting Substances from Here to There 190 Carrying Cargo: Your Blood and What’s in It 190 Watering down your blood: Plasma 190 Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide: Red blood cells 191 Plugging along with platelets 192 Putting up a good fight: White blood cells 192 Looking at Your Blood Vessels 193 Starting with the arteries 193 Cruising through the capillaries 194 Visiting the veins 196 Cardiac Anatomy 197 Sizing up the heart’s structure 197 Examining the heart’s tissues 199 Supplying blood to the heart 200 Cardiac Cycle 201 Generating electricity 201 Moving blood through the heart 204 The heartbeat 205 Physiology of Circulation 206 On the beating path: The circuits of blood through the heart and body 206 Putting your finger on your pulse 208 Going up, going down, holding steady: Blood pressure 208 Not going with the flow 209 Pathophysiology of the Cardiovascular System 210 Cardiac disorders 210 Vascular disorders 211 Blood disorders 212 Chapter 10: The Respiratory System: Breathing Life into Your Body 215 Functions of the Respiratory System 215 Nosing around Your Respiratory Anatomy 216 Nose 216 Pharynx 217 Trachea 219 Lungs 219 Diaphragm 220 Breathing: Everybody’s Doing It 220 Normal breathing 221 Breathing under stress 221 Controlled breathing 222 Gas Exchange 224 The respiratory membrane 224 The trade-off 225 Pathophysiology of the Respiratory System 226 Hypoxemia 226 Airway disorders 227 Lungs 228 Chapter 11: The Digestive System: Beginning the Breakdown 231 Functions of the Digestive System 232 The Alimentary Canal 233 Examining the walls of the digestive tract 233 Starting with the mighty mouth 234 Pharynx and esophagus: Not Egyptian landmarks 235 Stirring it up in your stomach 236 Moving through the intestines 238 Accessory Organs 240 The liver delivers 241 Pancreas 243 The Breakdown 244 Pathophysiology of the Digestive System 246 Diseases of the oral cavity 246 Disorders of the stomach and intestines 246 Bowel syndromes 248 Diseases of the accessory organs 249 Chapter 12: The Urinary System: Cleaning Up the Act 253 Functions of the Urinary System 253 Structures of the Urinary System 255 Putting out the trash: Kidneys 255 Holding and releasing 257 The Yellow River 259 Composition of urine 259 Filtering the blood 261 Selectively reabsorbing 261 Expelling urine 263 Maintaining Homeostasis 264 Fluid balance and blood pressure 264 Regulating blood pH 265 Pathophysiology of the Urinary System 267 Kidney pathologies 267 Urinary tract pathologies 268 Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System: Living in a Microbe Jungle 271 Functions of the Lymphatic System 272 Loving Your Lymphatic System 273 Lymphing along 273 Structures of the lymphatic system 274 Identifying Immune System Cells 277 Looking at leukocytes 278 Lymphocytes 279 Phagocytizing leukocytes 280 Examining Immune System Molecules 280 Histamine 281 Chemical defense 281 Antigens 281 Antibodies 282 Complement system proteins 283 Immune System Mechanisms 284 Phagocytosis 284 Degranulation 285 Inflammation is swell 285 Adaptive Immunity 286 Cell-mediated immunity 286 Humoral immunity 287 Secondary immunity 289 Immunization 289 Pathophysiology of the Immune System 289 The immune system and cancer 289 Immune-mediated diseases 290 Infectious diseases 292 Part 5: Life’s Rich Pageant: Reproduction and Development 295 Chapter 14: The Reproductive System 297 Functions of the Reproductive System 297 Producing Gametes 298 Meiosis 299 Female gametes: Ova 299 Male gametes: Sperm 301 Determining sex 302 The Female Reproductive System 303 Organs of the female reproductive system 303 Cycling approximately monthly 307 The Male Reproductive System 310 The organs of the male reproductive system 310 Seminal fluid and ejaculation 312 Pausing for Pregnancy 313 Steps to fertilization 313 Implantation 314 Adapting to pregnancy 314 Labor and delivery 316 Pathophysiology of the Reproductive System 318 Infertility 318 Sexually transmitted infections 318 Premenstrual syndromes 319 Endometriosis 319 Cryptorchidism 320 Hypogonadism 320 Erectile dysfunction 320 Pathophysiology of pregnancy 320 Pregnancy loss 322 Chapter 15: Change and Development over the Life Span 323 Programming Development 324 Stages of development 324 Dimensions of development 324 Development before Birth 326 Free-floating zygote to protected embryo 326 Dividing development into trimesters 329 The Human Life Span 331 Changes at birth 331 Infancy and childhood 333 Adolescence 334 Young adulthood 335 Middle age 336 Growing creaky 336 Part 6: The Part of Tens 341 Chapter 16: Ten (Or So) Chemistry Concepts Related to Anatomy and Physiology 343 Energy Can Neither Be Created Nor Destroyed 344 Everything Falls Apart 344 Everything’s in Motion 345 Probability Rules 345 Polarity Charges Life 346 Water Is Special 346 Fluids and Solids 347 Under Pressure 348 Redox Reactions Transfer Electrons 348 Chapter 17: Ten Phabulous Physiology Phacts 349 Unique to You: Hands, Fingers, Thumbs 349 Nothing’s Better than Mother’s Milk 350 It’s Apparent: Your Hair Is Different 350 The Only Thing You Have to Fear Is 351 You Smell Well! 352 Microbes: We Are Their World 353 The Pesky Appendix 354 Talkin’ about Breath Control 355 Taking Your First Breath 355 Is Blood Really Blue? 356 Index 357

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisPaul Bierman's realisation that Greenland's ice sheet melted when Earth was no warmer than today sounds an alarm for our planet

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn insightful and provocative exploration of the relationship between motherhood and art through the lives of women artists and writersTrade Review"For Phillips, the lives she wants to depict are not accounts of maternal self-sacrifice and denial, but instead, narratives that portray the mother as a hero." -- Frieda Klotz - Sunday Independent"The Baby on the Fire Escape looks at the extreme ways some female artists have overcome the restraints of parenthood… The book’s strength lies in Phillips’s nimble talents as a portraitist." -- Lucy Scholes - The Sunday Telegraph"Does motherhood prevent women from having an active creative life, or enhance it? Do babies need to be out of mind as well as out of sight for creative work to be done? […] Julie Phillips has written a spirited and thoughtful account of a handful of figures from mid-20th-century Britain and America who have grappled with these dilemmas." -- Lara Feigel - RA Magazine"The opening section on Alice Neel is a searing account of the complexities of balancing (or not) being a mother and an artist—and the often heavy price women pay… [The Baby on the Fire Escape] explores the difficult issues around the subject with no judgment and or neat conclusions—and is all the richer for it." -- José da Silva - The Art Newspaper"A brilliant, vital text" -- Rhiannon Lucy Cosslett, author of The Year of the Cat

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: The Lowdown on Genetics: Just the Basics 5 Chapter 1: Welcome to Genetics: Just About Everyone Loves a Good Pair of Genes 7 Chapter 2: Basic Cell Biology. 13 Chapter 3: Visualize Peas: Discovering the Laws of Inheritance 35 Chapter 4: Law Enforcement: Mendel’s Laws Applied to Complex Traits. 55 Part 2: DNA: The Genetic Material 73 Chapter 5: DNA: The Pattern for Life 75 Chapter 6: Chromosomes: The Big Picture 91 Chapter 7: Replication: A Copy Machine for DNA 105 Chapter 8: Transcription: Getting Instructions from DNA 125 Chapter 9: Translating the Genetic Code 141 Chapter 10: Gene Expression: Finding the Right Tool for the Job 157 Part 3: Genetics and Your Health 173 Chapter 11: What Could Go Wrong: Changes in DNA Sequence 175 Chapter 12: Chromosome Disorders: It’s All a Numbers Game 193 Chapter 13: Taking a Closer Look at the Genetics of Cancer 211 Chapter 14: Genetic Counseling, Risk Assessment, and Genetic Testing 229 Chapter 15: Treating Genetic Disorders and Using Genetics to Tailor Treatment 249 Part 4: Genetics and Your World 263 Chapter 16: Tracing Human History and the Future of Populations 265 Chapter 17: Solving Mysteries Using DNA 283 Chapter 18: DNA Sequencing: Decoding the Genome 305 Chapter 19: Genetic Makeovers: Using Genetic Engineering to Change the Genome 319 Chapter 20: Giving Ethical Considerations Their Due 339 Part 5: The Part of Tens 353 Chapter 21: Ten Hot Issues in Genetics 355 Chapter 22: Ten Pathways to a Career in Genetics 365 Index 371

Read more less

Book SynopsisHarvest basic botany knowledge from this abundant book Botany For Dummies gives you a thorough overview of the fundamentals of botany, but in simple terms that anyone can understand. Great for supplementing your botany coursework or brushing up before an exam, this book covers plant evolution, the structure and function of plant cells, and plant identification. Plus, you''ll learn about how plants of different types are changing and adapting in response to changing climates. This new edition goes into more detail on funginot technically plants, but no one is holding that against them. Regardless of what brought you to the wonderful world of botany, this book will show you around. Get an easy-to-understand introduction to the key concepts in botany Read about recent discoveries and theories in the world of plant science Understand different families of plants and where they grow Improve your grade and pass your exam in your introdu

Read more less