Science: general issues Books

Book SynopsisParasites have become a powerful model system for the study of ecology and evolution, with practical applications in disease prevention. This work presents an evolutionary framework for the study of parasite biology, combining theory with empirical examples for a broader understanding of why parasites are as they are and do what they do.Trade Review"What a wonderful book! ... I can heartily recommend this volume for all parasitologists, regardless of their specific research interests, and whether students or teachers. I would also strongly recommend this book for the 'non-parasite' ecologist and evolutionary biologist because it will provide them with a concise picture of how parasites fit into the general scheme of ecology and evolution, something about which they really should know a lot, but many times do not! Poulin does, and explains it well."--Gerald Esch, Journal of ParasitologyTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Evolutionary Ecology Approach 2 1.2 Scope and Overview 4 Chapter 2 Origins of Parasitism and Complex Life Cycles 8 2.1 Transitions to Parasitism 8 2.2 Specialization of Parasites 11 2.3 Complex Life Cycles: Historical Contingency or Adaptation? 14 2.3.1 Increases in Life-Cycle Complexity 14 2.3.2 Abbreviation of Complex Life Cycles 21 2.4 Evolutionary Consequences of Complex Life Cycles 25 2.4.1 Transmission and Infection 26 2.4.2 Sexual Reproduction 35 2.5 Conclusion 40 Chapter 3 Host Specificity 41 3.1 Measuring Host Specificity 41 3.2 Host-Parasite Coevolution and Host Specificity 48 3.2.1 Macroevolutionary Patterns 48 3.2.2 Microevolutionary Processes 54 3.3 Determinants of Host Specificity 60 3.4 Observed Patterns of Host Specificity 63 3.5 Conclusion 69 Chapter 4 Evolution of Parasite Life-History Strategies 70 4.1 Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptation 71 4.2 Parasite Body Size 73 4.2.1 Changes in Size as Adaptations to Parasitism 73 4.2.2 Correlates of Body Size 79 4.2.3 Sexual Size Dimorphism in Parasites 85 4.3 Parasite Age at Maturity 87 4.4 Egg Production in Parasites 88 4.4.1 Correlates of Fecundity 89 4.4.2 Trade-offs and Strategies of Egg Production 90 4.5 Conclusion 95 Chapter 5 Strategies of Host Exploitation 96 5.1 The Evolution of Virulence 97 5.1.1 The Theory 98 5.1.2 Empirical Tests 102 5.2 Parasitic Castration and Host Gigantism 110 5.3 Manipulation of Host Behavior by Parasites 114 5.3.1 Adaptive Manipulation? 115 5.3.2 Evolution of Host Manipulation 121 5.3.3 Host Manipulation in a Multispecies Context 126 5.4 Manipulation of Host Sex Ratio by Parasites 130 5.5 Conclusion 132 Chapter 6 Parasite Aggregation: Causes and Consequences 134 6.1 Measuring Parasite Aggregation 135 6.1.1 Indices of Aggregation 135 6.1.2 Problems with the Measurement of Aggregation 139 6.2 Natural Patterns of Aggregation 141 6.3 Causes of Aggregation 144 6.4 Consequences of Aggregation 150 6.4.1 Effective Population Size and Genetic Diversity 151 6.4.2 Sex Ratio 154 6.4.3 Macroevolutionary Phenomena 158 6.5 Conclusion 159 Chapter 7 Parasite Population Dynamics and Genetics 160 7.1 Models of Parasite Population Dynamics 161 7.2 Density-Dependent Regulation 166 7.3 Selected Examples of Population Studies 172 7.3.1 The Cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi 172 7.3.2 The Nematode Cystidicola cristivomeri 173 7.3.3 The Nematode Cystidicoloides tenuissima 174 7.3.4 The Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tumescens 175 7.4 Patterns of Parasite Abundance 177 7.5 Genetic Structure of Parasite Populations 179 7.6 Conclusion 186 Chapter 8 Interactions between Species and the Parasite Niche 188 8.1 Numerical Responses to Competition 189 8.2 The Parasite Niche 194 8.3 Functional Responses to Competition 195 8.4 Evolutionary Niche Restriction 203 8.5 Conclusion 207 Chapter 9 Parasite Infracommunity Structure 209 9.1 Species Richness of Infracommunities 210 9.2 Nestedness in Infracommunities 215 9.3 Species Associations among Infracommunities 220 9.4 Species Recruitment and Infracommunity Structure 224 9.5 Species Abundance and Biomass in Infracommunities 227 9.6 Conclusion 231 Chapter 10 Component Communities and Parasite Faunas 233 10.1 Richness and Composition of Component Communities 234 10.2 Evolution of Parasite Faunas 241 10.3 Species Richness of Parasite Faunas 245 10.4 Biogeography of Parasite Diversity 253 10.5 Host Specificity and the Composition of Parasite Faunas 257 10.6 Conclusion 260 Chapter 11 Conclusion 262 11.1 Environmental Changes and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology 263 11.2 Parasite Control and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology 265 11.3 Future Directions 267 References 271 Index 325

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Book SynopsisPresents letters written by Einstein's sons, the adolescent Hans Albert and little Eduard, and numerous letters written by Einstein to his cousin and future second wife Elsa Einstein. Combined with correspondence with his close friend Heinrich Zangger, this supplementary correspondence provides details of Einstein's private life.Trade Review"Like its predecessors, Volume 10, with its carefully edited and annotated texts, is a valuable source of information for historians. Together, its two parts provide new material for an appraisal of Einstein's familial and affective situation and offer vivid insight into one of the most intense periods of his life. Even if the content of some of these documents has been reported or hinted at elsewhere, their juxtaposition in a single volume reinforces their impact and helps to convey a sense of the scientific, philosophical, political, and social intensity of the times."--Jan Lacki, IsisTable of ContentsList of Texts xiii List of Illustrations xxvii INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 10 xxix Editorial Method of the Series liii Acknowledgments lxii Note on the Translation lxv Location Symbols lxvi Descriptive Symbols lxviii TEXTS Supplementary Correspondence, 1909-1920 3 Correspondence, May-December 1920 239 Alphabetical List of Texts 553 Calendar 565 Appendix 615 Literature Cited 617 Index 639 Index of Citations 677 Errata 685

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Book SynopsisHow practical are alternative energy sources? Can satellites really read license plates from space? And how much should we fear a terrorist nuke? This book empowers students possessing any level of scientific background with the tools they need to make informed decisions and to argue their views persuasively with anyone - expert or otherwise.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Compilation of Significant University Press Titles for Undergraduates for 2010-2011 "'Physics for Future Presidents' is a course, yes (with the professor's best seller, and soon its sequel, serving as textbook), but it is really more a tour de force. Richard A. Muller presents an astonishing amount of information on atoms, antimatter and other subjects. But since these are actual lectures, recorded in a hall on the Berkeley campus... It's all highly entertaining and educational, although it's hard to imagine being able to absorb it all. The course is geared for nonscientists, billed as being long on concepts and short on math, and covers topics like radioactivity, climate change and waves of all kinds. Yet it doesn't spare details."--Henry Fountain, New York Times "[I]t's a great textbook for a physics course for non-scientists, and there's plenty of stuff in there to interest scientists as well."--Brian Clegg, Popular Science "Muller does a very good job of comprehensively describing the physics base of the technological infrastructure of our social world."--Choice "[T]his handsome volume merits a very wide readership if we are to make the most of it and of everything else for that matter."--Arthur B. Shostak, European LegacyTable of ContentsPreface ix Physics Is the Liberal Arts of High- Tech ix An Ideal Student x Physics for the Future Leader xi CHAPTER 1: Energy and Power and the Physics of Explosions 1 Explosions and Energy 2 Power 19 CHAPTER Review 31 CHAPTER 2: Atoms and Heat 38 Quandaries 38 Atoms and Molecules and the Meaning of Heat 39 Temperature 43 Chapter Review 65 CHAPTER 3: Gravity, Force, and Space 72 Gravity Surprises 72 The Force of Gravity 73 Push Accelerates--Newton's Third Law 75 Orbiting the Earth, and Weightlessness 75 Escape to Infi nity 81 Air Resistance and Fuel Efficiency 83 Momentum 89 Rockets 92 Airplanes, Helicopters, and Fans 95 Convection--Thunderstorms and Heaters 98 Angular Momentum and Torque 99 Chapter Review 101 CHAPTER 4: Nuclei and Radioactivity 108 Radioactivity 108 Fission 138 Fusion 138 Back to the Beginning 143 Chapter Review 143 CHAPTER 5: Chain Reactions, Nuclear Reactors, and Atomic Bombs 152 A Multitude of Chain Reactions 152 Nuclear Weapons Basics 165 Nuclear Reactors 176 Nuclear Waste 182 Chapter Review 193 CHAPTER 6: Electricity and Magnetism 201 Electricity Is ... 201 Magnetism Is ... 201 Electricity 202 Electric Power 209 Magnets 212 Electric and Magnetic Fields 216 Electromagnets 217 Electric Motors 221 Electric Generators 221 Transformers 225 Magnetic Levitation 226 Rail Guns 227 AC versus DC 228 Chapter Review 231 CHAPTER 7: Waves Including UFOs, Earthquakes, and Music 239 Two Strange but True Stories 239 Waves 241 Chapter Review 272 CHAPTER 8: Light 282 High- Tech Light 282 What Is Light? 283 Color 286 Images 292 Mirrors 295 Slow Light 299 Lenses 305 Eyes 306 Telescopes and Microscopes 309 Spreading Light-- Diffraction 310 Holograms 311 Polarization 312 Chapter Review 316 CHAPTER 9: Invisible Light 324 An Opening Anecdote: Watching Illegal Immigrants Cross the Border in Darkness 324 Infrared Radiation 326 UV--"Black Light" 336 The Ozone Layer 338 Electromagnetic Radiation--an Overview 341 Medical Imaging 346 Ultrasound--Sonar (Bats and Submarines) 351 Chapter Review 353 CHAPTER 10: Climate Change 363 Global Warming 363 Solutions 390 Chapter Review 397 CHAPTER 11: Quantum Physics 404 Electron Waves 405 Laser--a Quantum Chain Reaction 409 The Photoelectric Effect 416 Quantum Physics of Gamma Rays and X-Rays 419 Semiconductor Transistors 420 Diode Transistors 421 Transistors 423 Superconductors 425 Electron Microscope 426 Deeper Aspects of Quantum Physics 427 Tunneling 433 Quantum Computers 435 Chapter Review 436 CHAPTER 12: Relativity 443 A Dialogue 443 Events--and the "Fourth Dimension" 444 Time Dilation 445 Lorentz Contraction 448 Relative Velocities 448 Energy and Mass 450 General Relativity-- a Theory of Gravity 458 Questions about Time 459 Chapter Review 460 CHAPTER 13: The Universe 467 Puzzles 467 The Solar System 467 Galaxies 469 Looking Back in Time 474 Expansion of the Universe 474 Dark Energy 476 The Beginning 476 Theory of Everything 481 Chapter Review 482 Epilogue (a poem) 489 Index 493

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Book SynopsisJohn Tyler Bonner, one of our most distinguished and insightful biologists, here challenges a central tenet of evolutionary biology. In this concise, elegantly written book, he makes the bold and provocative claim that some biological diversity may be explained by something other than natural selection. With his customary wit and accessible style,Trade Review"[I]ncredibly useful ... refreshingly honest ... witty and engaging."--Tiffany Taylor, Times Higher Education "[F]orthright, informal, and humorous. His reminder that not every trait has a biologically adaptive function is a welcome lesson, as is his self-deprecating description of his ideas as just another 'just-so' story... [A] call to the biologists who take over from him to do more research to confirm or to refute the often surprising ideas here."--Rob Hardy, Commercial Dispatch "[Bonner] provides a well-written, well-documented collection of evidence suggesting randomness as a primary engine behind natural selection... This is an excellent essay, valuable to a wide audience. Evolution is an important, timely topic, making Bonner's work a worthy contribution."--Choice "[T]he book provides a careful analysis of the relationship between randomness and size in evolution and makes a good case for neutral morphologies."--James Bradley, Quarterly Review of Biology "The main strength of this provocative book is that it undoubtedly provides a successful argument against the widespread tendency to give an adaptive explanation for any biological trait, and, above all, it opens the door to a fruitful way to reconsider the traditional view of evolution as mainly driven by natural selection."--Francesca Merlin, Biol TheoryTable of ContentsIllustrations vii Preface ix 1 Life and the Riddle of Randomness 1 2 Time, Size, and Complexity 17 3 Small Organisms and Neutral Morphologies 40 4 The Evolution of the Decrease of Randomness 63 5 An Exception: Where Small Organisms Suppress Randomness 93 6 The Division of Labor: Two Cases of the Return of Randomness in Higher Forms 101 7 Envoi 118 Acknowledgments 121 Bibliography 125 Index 131

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates how science and technology have been as important to 007 as good looks, martinis, and women. Using entertaining sketches and nontechnical language, this book explains the basic physics behind the gadgets, cars, and stunts in the Bond films, from the jet packs in "Thunderball" to the dynamics of daredevil bungee jumping in "Goldeneye".Trade ReviewIn an entertaining narrative, Parker explores which aspects of Ian Fleming's Bond stories are scientifically sound and which are purely fiction or movie magic. Science News 2005 A very successful and entirely charming book that belongs in all college libraries. Highly recommended. Choice 2006 A fun romp with a handful of equations, charts, and diagrams. College and Research Libraries News 2006 Thorough and clearly written. -- Stephen Baxter Nature 2006 Parker has a terrific idea here-to scrutinize the science of the special effects on parade in the James Bond movies. -- Eve Lichtgarn AssociatedContent.com 2005 A book that's sure to appeal to teens with an interest in gadgets, cars, stunts, trick cinematography, and sports. School Library Journal 2006 For anyone moderately interested in both James Bond and physics, this is an entertaining and relatively easy read. -- Joanna Barstow Observatory Magazine 2006 A very enjoyable book with some very well handled physics. -- John L. Hubisz Physics Teacher 2007Table of ContentsAcknowldgmentsIntroduction1. Bond for Beginners2. Wow, What a Stunt!3. Death Rays and Ghosts4. How'd They Do That?: Amazing Devices5. Bond's Gadgets and Gizmos6. The Incredible Bond Cars7. The Race Is On: Car Chases8. Bond in Space9. Nuclear Weapons and Reactors10. Water Sports and GunsAppendixBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisSummarizing worldwide historical findings, Glen Aikenhead, an expert in the field of culturally sensitive science education, offers evidence in support of classroom practice.

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Book SynopsisThe science/faith discussion is often hindered by a fundamental misunderstanding of the role and function of science. This misunderstand was made most evident, with tragic consequences, during the recent pandemic. The ways that science has gone wrong, and the underlying causes of how it goes wrong, will be illustrated here with a series of historical essays describing ideas about the universe, planet Earth, and the evolution of life that were all based on ideas that were reasonablebut ultimately wrong. Some are amusing in retrospect; others are tragic.Theology, philosophy, or even mathematics may lay claim to eternal truths, but in science our very cosmologies change. Just as the major religions have adapted in the face of changing cultural cosmologies, so too has science adapted in the face of challenging new observations and new ideas. Religions and science are strengthened by experiencing a shift in our assumptions; that''s where we find out what''s essential, and what is

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Book SynopsisWastes, whether they are solid wastes or wastewater, are resources from which economic values may be derived. Almost all components of agricultural and food wastewater can be and should be utilized or recovered; the stumbling block of achieving this aspiration is economical, not technical. The last one and a half decades have seen the surging of agricultural and non-agricultural commodity prices across the board and increased public consciousness of environmental impact of industrial wastewater discharge and treatment. The confluence of these new developments have generated new interests and applications of agricultural and food wastewater and their treatment residuals in diverse fields and industries. This new edition will expand topics related to wastewater utilizations and new uses of treatment residuals while providing up-to-date information on new treatment technologies and practices across the globe. The new edition's target audience is anyone who has the responTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Characteristics of agricultural and food wastewater 1 1.2 Material balances and stoichiometry 18 1.3 Fluid flow rate and mass loading 20 1.4 Kinetics and reaction rates 20 1.5 Theoretical modeling and design of biological reactors 24 1.6 Process economics 27 1.7 Further reading 28 1.8 References 28 2 Basic microbiology in wastewater treatment 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Structures of cells 30 2.3 Important microorganisms in wastewater 30 2.4 Microbial metabolism 37 2.5 Nitrification 39 2.6 Denitrification 41 2.7 Further reading 42 2.8 References 43 3 Physicochemical wastewater treatment processes 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Equalization basins 46 3.3 Screening 48 3.4 Flotation 49 3.5 Sedimentation 52 3.6 Coagulation and flocculation 57 3.7 Filtration processes 62 3.8 Adsorption 65 3.9 Chemical oxidation 70 3.10 Membrane separations 71 3.11 Ion exchange 93 3.12 Closing remarks 99 3.13 Further reading 101 3.14 References 101 4 Biological wastewater treatment processes 103 4.1 Introduction 103 4.2 Kinetics of biochemical systems in wastewater microbiology 104 4.3 Idealized biochemical reactors 110 4.4 Completely mixed aerated lagoon (CMAL) 114 4.5 Trickling filter (TF) 116 4.6 Rotating biological contactor (RBC) 119 4.7 Combined aerobic processes 125 4.8 Contact anaerobic systems 126 4.9 Further reading 131 4.10 References 131 5 Advanced wastewater treatment processes 133 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Biological removal of nitrogen: nitrification and denitrification 135 5.3 Physicochemical removal of nitrogen 136 5.4 Biological removal of phosphorus 137 5.5 Physicochemical removal of phosphate 141 5.6 Membrane processes for advanced wastewater treatment 143 5.7 VOC removal with pervaporation 146 5.8 Disinfection 147 5.9 Further reading 150 5.10 References 150 6 Natural systems for wastewater treatment 153 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Stabilization ponds 154 6.3 Land treatment systems 166 6.4 Wetland systems 181 6.5 Floating aquatic plant systems 185 6.6 Further reading 192 6.7 References 192 7 Sludge treatment and management 195 7.1 Sludge quality and characteristics 196 7.2 Sludge thickening (concentration) 197 7.3 Sludge stabilization 201 7.4 Reed beds 205 7.5 Conditioning of sludge 208 7.6 Dewatering 209 7.7 Land applications and surface disposal 218 7.8 Incineration 219 7.9 Further reading 222 7.10 References 222 8 Recoverable products and energy from food and agricultural wastewaters 225 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Water recovery and reuse in the food and agricultural processing industries 228 8.3 Recoverable carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for human and animal consumption 229 8.4 Recoverable aroma flavoring compounds from food processing 232 8.5 Recoverable food/agricultural biomaterials for non-food uses 233 8.6 Energy or fuel generations from wastewaters 234 8.7 Algae-based biodiesel and fuel ethanol 237 8.8 Potential applications of industrial commodities derived from sludge treatment 239 8.9 Further reading 242 8.10 References 242 9 Economics of food and agricultural wastewater treatment and utilization 247 9.1 Introduction 247 9.2 Estimating the unit cost of treating food and agricultural wastewater 248 9.3 Estimating overall costs of wastewater treatment processes with substance and energy recovery 253 9.4 Further reading 254 9.5 References 254 Index 255

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Book SynopsisSociety is increasingly affected by climate impacts, from prolonged water shortages to damaging coastal floods and wildfires. Scientists studying climate variations are eager to have their knowledge used in adaptive decision making. To achieve this, science and society must engage productively around complex management and policy challenges.Table of ContentsList of contributors vii Foreword xiii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxiii Background on RISA xxv Section I: Understanding context and risk 1 Assessing needs and decision contexts: RISA approaches to engagement research 3 Caitlin F. Simpson, Lisa Dilling, Kirstin Dow, Kirsten J. Lackstrom, Maria Carmen Lemos and Rachel E. Riley 2 Understanding the user context: decision calendars as frameworks for linking climate to policy, planning, and decision-making 27 Andrea J. Ray and Robert S. Webb 3 Climate science for decision-making in the New York metropolitan region 51 Radley Horton, Cynthia Rosenzweig, William Solecki, Daniel Bader and Linda Sohl Section II: Managing knowledge-to-action networks 4 Connecting climate information with practical uses: Extension and the NOAA RISA program 75 John Stevenson, Michael Crimmins, Jessica Whitehead, Julie Brugger and Clyde Fraisse 5 Participatory, dynamic models: a tool for dialogue 99 Laura Schmitt Olabisi, Stuart Blythe, Ralph Levine, Lorraine Cameron and Michael Beaulac 6 Not another webinar! Regional webinars as a platform for climate knowledge-to-action networking in Alaska 117 Sarah F. Trainor, Nathan P. Kettle and J. Brook Gamble Section III: Innovating services 7 The making of national seasonal wildfire outlooks 143 Gregg Garfin, Timothy J. Brown, Tom Wordell and Ed Delgado 8 Challenges, pitfalls, and lessons learned in developing a drought decision-support tool 173 Greg Carbone, Jinyoung Rhee, Kirstin Dow, Jay Fowler, Gregg Garfin, Holly Hartmann, Ellen Lay and Art DeGaetano 9 Managing the 2011 drought: a climate services partnership 191 Mark Shafer, David Brown and Chad McNutt Section IV: Advancing science policy 10 Evaluation to advance science policy: lessons from Pacific RISA and CLIMAS 215 Daniel B. Ferguson, Melissa L. Finucane, Victoria W. Keener and Gigi Owen 11 Navigating scales of knowledge and decision-making in the Intermountain West: implications for science policy 235 Eric S. Gordon, Lisa Dilling, Elizabeth McNie and Andrea J. Ray 12 Evolving the practice of Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments 255 Adam Parris, Sarah L. Close, Ryan Meyer, Kirstin Dow and Gregg Garfin Acronyms 263 Index 267

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Book SynopsisIn the 21st Century, the world will see an unprecedented migration of people moving from rural to urban areas. With global demand for water projected to outstrip supply in the coming decades, cities will likely face water insecurity as a result of climate change and the various impacts of urbanisation. Traditionally, urban water managers have relied on large-scale, supply-side infrastructural projects to meet increased demands for water; however, these projects are environmentally, economically and politically costly. Urban Water Security argues that cities need to transition from supply-side to demand-side management to achieve urban water security. This book provides readers with a series of in-depth case studies of leading developed cities, of differing climates, incomes and lifestyles from around the world, that have used demand management tools to modify the attitudes and behaviour of water users in an attempt to achieve urban water security. Urban Water Security will be of parTable of ContentsSeries Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xvii Acknowledgements xix Introduction 1 1 Water 101 5 Introduction 5 1.1 What is water? 5 1.2 Hydrological cycle 6 1.3 Natural variations to water quantity 11 1.4 Natural variations to water quality 14 1.5 Impacts of urbanisation on water resources 17 1.6 Water and wastewater treatment processes 20 Notes 22 2 What is urban water security? 25 Introduction 25 2.1 Non]climatic challenges to achieving urban water security 26 2.2 Climatic challenges to achieving urban water security 30 2.3 Reducing non]climatic and climatic risks to urban water security 32 Notes 34 3 Managing water sustainably to achieve urban water security 37 Introduction 37 3.1 What is sustainability? 37 3.2 What does sustainability mean in urban water management? 42 3.3 Sustainable water resources management frameworks 45 3.4 Framework for managing urban water sustainably: Integrated urban water management 49 3.5 Other frameworks for managing urban water sustainably 52 Notes 53 4 Demand management to achieve urban water security 60 Introduction 60 4.1 Purpose of demand management 60 4.2 Regulatory and technological demand management instruments 62 4.3 Communication and information demand management instruments 75 4.4. Portfolio of demand management tools 78 Notes 79 5 Transitions 86 Introduction 86 5.1 What is a transition? 86 5.2 Operationalisation of transitions 91 5.3 Diffusion mechanisms 93 5.4 Transition management 95 Notes 97 6 Transitions towards managing natural resources and water 105 Introduction 105 6.1 Transitions in natural resource management 106 6.2 What is a transition in urban water management? 109 6.3 Operationalising transitions in third]order scarcity 112 6.4 Barriers to transitions towards urban water security 115 Notes 121 7 Amsterdam transitioning towards urban water security 136 Introduction 136 7.1 Brief company background 136 7.2 Water supply and water consumption 137 7.3 Strategic vision: Amsterdam’s Definitely Sustainable 2011–2014 138 7.4 Drivers of water security 138 7.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 141 7.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 144 7.7 Case study SWOT analysis 146 7.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 149 Notes 150 8 Berlin transitioning towards urban water security 151 Introduction 151 8.1 Brief company background 151 8.2 Water supply and water consumption 152 8.3 Strategic vision: Using water wisely 153 8.4 Drivers of water security 153 8.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 155 8.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 159 8.7 Case study SWOT analysis 160 8.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 163 Notes 164 9 Copenhagen transitioning towards urban water security 165 Introduction 165 9.1 Brief company background 165 9.2 Water supply and water consumption 166 9.3 Strategic vision: Water supply plan (2012–2016) 166 9.4 Drivers of water security 167 9.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 169 9.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 174 9.7 Case study SWOT analysis 175 9.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 178 Notes 179 10 Denver transitioning towards urban water security 180 Introduction 180 10.1 Brief company background 180 10.2 Water supply and water consumption 181 10.3 Strategic vision: Denver Water’s 22 percent water target 183 10.4 Drivers of water security 183 10.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 185 10.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 191 10.7 Case study SWOT analysis 194 10.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 196 Notes 198 11 Hamburg transitioning towards urban water security 199 Introduction 199 11.1 Brief company background 199 11.2 Water supply and water consumption 200 11.3 Strategic vision: The HAMBURG WATER Cycle 200 11.4 Drivers of water security 200 11.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 202 11.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 206 11.7 Case study SWOT analysis 207 11.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 210 Note 210 12 London transitioning towards urban water security 211 Introduction 211 12.1 Brief company background 211 12.2 Water supply and water consumption 212 12.3 Strategic vision: Reducing consumption 212 12.4 Drivers of water security 212 12.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 213 12.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 216 12.7 Case study SWOT analysis 220 12.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 224 Notes 224 13 Singapore transitioning towards urban water security 225 Introduction 225 13.1 Brief company background 225 13.2 Water supply and water consumption 226 13.3 Strategic vision: Balancing supply with rising demand 227 13.4 Drivers of water security 227 13.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 229 13.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 235 13.7 Case study SWOT analysis 237 13.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 241 Notes 241 14 Toronto transitioning towards urban water security 242 Introduction 242 14.1 Brief company background 242 14.2 Water supply and water consumption 243 14.3 Strategic vision: Toronto’s Water Efficiency Plan 244 14.4 Drivers of water security 244 14.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 245 14.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 250 14.7 Case study SWOT analysis 252 14.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 256 Notes 256 15 Vancouver transitioning towards urban water security 257 Introduction 257 15.1 Brief company background 257 15.2 Water supply and water consumption 258 15.3 Strategic vision: Clean water and lower consumption 259 15.4 Drivers of water security 260 15.5 Regulatory and technological demand management tools to achieve urban water security 261 15.6 Communication and information demand management tools to achieve urban water security 266 15.7 Case study SWOT analysis 267 15.8 Transitioning towards urban water security summary 271 Notes 271 16 Sharing the journey: Best practices and lessons learnt 272 Introduction 272 16.1 Best practices 272 16.2 Lessons learnt 276 16.3 Moving forwards 280 Conclusions 284 Index 292

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Book SynopsisOutlines the concept and principles of water harvesting for groundwater management for an international audience, and looks at the positives and negatives surrounding water harvesting technologies This book is the first to fully outline the concept and principles of water harvesting for groundwater management for a global audience. It offers guidance to academics, students and researchers on effective water harvesting approaches for groundwater recharge, and educates them on the risks associated with managed aquifer recharge, as well as the causes of success or failure of particular management strategies, and demand management strategies and tools. The book is helpful to water managers, administrators, and professionals, to make decisions to allocate resources; developing innovative cost-effective measures and approaches to achieve demand-supply balance. The book provides readers with an overview of the historical evolution of water harvesting for groundwater recharge.Table of ContentsEditor’s Note – October 2018 ix Series Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xi Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction: Issues in Water Harvesting and Water Security 1 1.1 Concept/Principles of Water Harvesting and Water Security 1 1.2 Food‐Water‐Energy Nexus 8 1.3 Climate Forcing Environmental Impacts (Floods and Droughts) 13 1.4 Water Security 16 2 Mega‐Trends that Impact Water Security 19 2.1 Global Population Growth and Water Availability 19 2.2 Increased Demand for Water, Food, and Energy 22 2.3 Anticipated Climate Change 25 3 Groundwater Occurrence, Availability, and Rechargeability 35 3.1 Groundwater Provenance, Recharge, Residence Time, and Pollution Characteristics 35 3.2 Identifying Groundwater Recharge Zones 64 4 Phases of Water Harvesting Systems 73 4.1 History of Water Harvesting Practices 73 4.2 Phases of Water Harvesting Systems in India 74 4.3 Methods of Rainwater Harvesting 76 5 Case Studies of Implementing Water Harvesting 97 5.1 International Scenario 97 5.2 Successes of Water Harvesting 99 5.3 Failures of Water Harvesting 105 6 SWOT Analysis of Water Harvesting Systems 111 6.1 Strengths of WHS – Local-Level Benefits 111 6.2 Weaknesses of WHS – Negative Impacts 114 6.3 Issues/ Limitations/Questions that Need Attention 120 6.4 Opportunities for Revival of WHS 125 6.5 Threats to WHS in India 129 7 Challenges Associated with Water Harvesting 133 7.1 Water Bodies and Associated Problems and Challenges 133 7.2 Land Encroachments, Land Grabbing, Water Pollution, and Other Issues 134 7.3 Risks Associated with Managed Aquifer Recharge 137 8 Scope of Water Harvesting for Groundwater Management Strategies 141 8.1 Scope of Water Harvesting as Part of Groundwater Management 141 8.2 Groundwater Management and Sustainability Issues 142 8.3 The Missing Elements in Groundwater Management 149 9 Guidelines to Make Water Harvesting Helpful and Meaningful for Groundwater Management 155 9.1 Groundwater Augmentation Approaches 155 9.2 Behavioral Change for Groundwater Governance 160 9.3 Ethical Issues in Groundwater Governance and Use 167 9.4 Role of Geoscientists 169 9.5 Role of Media 170 9.6 Guidelines for Rainwater Harvesting Projects 171 10 Concluding Remarks 175 10.1 Scope of Rainwater Harvesting 175 10.2 Economic Evaluation of Water Harvesting Systems 176 10.3 Scale Considerations 176 10.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of RWH for Groundwater Recharge 177 10.5 Practical Suggestions for Efficient Water Harvesting 177 Glossary of Terms 185 Index 193

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Book SynopsisA revelatory new theory of consciousness that returns emotions to the center of mental life.Trade Review"[R]emarkably clear, accommodating and exciting to read…The Hidden Spring provides a necessary reminder that rational thinking isn't all it seems to be." -- Jess Keiser, Washington Post"One of the worthiest efforts to come out of neuroscience in recent memory." -- Jason Kehe, WIRED"Nobody bewitched by these mysteries [of consciousness] can afford to ignore the solution proposed by Mark Solms…Fascinating, wide-ranging and heartfelt." -- Oliver Burkeman, Guardian"Intriguing…There is plenty to provoke and fascinate along the way." -- Anil Seth, Times Higher Education"This is truly a remarkable book. It changes everything." -- Brian Eno"A remarkably bold fusion of ideas from psychoanalysis, psychology, and the frontiers of theoretical neuroscience that takes aim at the biggest question there is. Solms will challenge your most basic beliefs." -- Matthew Cobb, author of The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience"Solms’s efforts…have been truly pioneering. This unification is clearly the direction for the future." -- Eric Kandel, Nobel laureate for Physiology and Medicine"This treatment of consciousness and artificial sentience should be taken very seriously." -- Karl Friston, scientific director, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging"Solms’s vital work has never ignored the lived, felt experience of human beings. His ideas look a lot like the future to me." -- Siri Hustvedt, author of The Blazing World"To say this work is encyclopedic is to diminish its poetic, psychological and theoretical achievement. This is required reading." -- Susie Orbach, author of In Therapy"At last the emperor has found some clothes! For decades, consciousness has been perceived as an epiphenomenon, little more than an illusion that can't really make things happen. Solms takes a thrilling new approach to the problem, grounded in modern neurobiology but finding meaning in older ideas going back to Freud. This is an exciting book." -- Nick Lane, author of The Vital Question

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Book SynopsisHow seeing Earth through the eyes of an astronaut brings new wonder and meaning to life on our planetTrade Review"After studying Earth from space, some astronauts end up thinking that everyone and everything on this planet is interconnected. How do the rest of us feel about that? In Light-Years There's No Hurry starts by listening to exoplanets and talking to the prisoners helping us to imagine human settlements on Mars." -- Simon Ings - New Scientist"In the midst of an anxiety spiral at the dire state of the world—the politics, the climate, the existential threats facing humanity—In Light-Years There's No Hurry felt like a balm... [a] poetic exploration of zooming out. " -- Rachel Cunliffe - New Statesman"A charming, challenging book... The gentle activism of [van Heemstra's] own life—gathering with neighbours in parks at night, feeling cosmological connection beyond the city's glare—threads humanely through the book. " -- Pat Kane - New Scientist"This starstruck enquiry into the grand universe around us will leave you both humbled and awed." -- Katherine May, The New York Times bestselling author of Wintering and Enchantment"Understanding the universe involves a certain cold scientific detachment, but van Heemstra takes us on a delightful and entertaining journey in which the inescapable human story and interpretation of what it all means is blended seamlessly with discovery. A rich and thoroughly enjoyable read." -- Charles Cockell, author of Taxi from Another Planet and The Equations of Life"A lovely, lyrical book about the search for signs of life in these perilous times. Van Heemstra gracefully illuminates the difficulties and delights of connection in our increasingly chaotic world." -- Jenny Offill, author of Weather and Dept. of Speculation"Can such wild perspectives really transform us? Marjolijn van Heemstra spent a year trying to experience, on Earth, the rapture astronauts say they feel when they look back on our planet from space." -- Simon Ings - New Scientist

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Book Synopsis“America’s funniest science writer” (Washington Post) explores the irresistibly strange universe of life without gravity in this New York Times bestseller.

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Book SynopsisA New York Times / National Bestseller "America's funniest science writer" (Washington Post) Mary Roach explores the science of keeping human beings intact, awake, sane, uninfected, and uninfested in the bizarre and extreme circumstances of war.Trade Review"A mirthful, informative peek behind the curtain of military science." -- Washington Post"From the ever-illuminating author of Bonk and Stiff comes an examination of the science behind war. Even the tiniest minutiae count on the battlefield, and Roach leads us through her discoveries in her inimitable style." -- Elle"Our most consistently entertaining science journalist…Roach goes where other writers wouldn’t dare….And her search produces images—a kind of technopoetry—that are hard to forget." -- O Magazine"[Roach] takes on the challenges the military faces to keep its fighters safe and healthy with her trademark flair (and zingy footnotes)." -- Entertainment Weekly"Roach is a tenacious investigative journalist with an appetite for the unappetizing...Grunt ranks high in the Roach repertoire." -- USA Today"Mary Roach’s latest bit of brilliance….As meticulously researched, beautifully written, and disturbingly funny as her previous books…Grunt examines the science behind war, as well as the researchers who are leading the charge in these state-of- the-art developments. Roach’s prose is a triumph—an engaging blend of anecdote, research, and reflection." -- Boston Globe"[Roach] writes exquisitely about the excruciating….wildly informative and vividly written" -- Los Angeles Times"Nobody does weird science quite like [Roach], and this time, she takes on war. Though all her books look at the human body in extreme situations (sex! space! death!), this isn’t simply a blood-drenched affair. Instead, Roach looks at the unexpected things that take place behind the scenes." -- Wired"Roach...applies her tenacious reporting and quirky point of view to efforts by scientists to conquer some of the soldier’s worst enemies." -- Seattle Times"Extremely likable…and quick with a quip….[Roach’s] skill is to draw out the good humor and honesty of both the subjects and practitioners of these white arts among the dark arts of war." -- San Francisco Chronicle"Covering these topics and more, Roach has done a fascinating job of portraying unexpected, creative sides of military science." -- New York Post

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Book SynopsisA short but engaging look at how to cultivate a sense of calm in our busy world. In Calm, sound and media researcher Iben Have explores how to cultivate a feeling of calm using digital technologies, sound, routines, and mindfulness training, and our own bodies and minds. Professor Have delves into the science behind human perception and sensory experience to discover that our perceptual experiences are not based on culture alone, but are rooted in a deeper, shared human phenomenon. While creativity generally requires calm, our need for peace and quiet varies greatly. Some people need lots of stimulus, whereas others feel most alert in tranquil environments. By determining the right stimulation zone, Professor Have outlines how we can perform and feel our best, existing mindfully and in the present. In Reflections, a series copublished with Denmark's Aarhus University Press, scholars deliver 60-page reflections on key concepts. These books present unique insights on a wide range of Table of ContentsImpressions and ExpressionsThe Restless Human MindSounding Out CalmNoise Control

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Book SynopsisThe QuickStudy Books linecovers the key information on some of the toughest courses today, helping students boost their grades. The books are presented in the clear, concise format readers have come to expect from QuickStudy. Chemistry essentials for all students, including laboratory basics. Easy-to-use reference for concepts designed specifically to aid science students.

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Book SynopsisThe new QuickStudy Booklets cover the key information on some of the toughest courses today, helping students boost their grades. The books are presented in the clear, concise format readers have come to expect from QuickStudy. Everything you need to know about Physics.

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Book SynopsisBarCharts' best-selling quick reference to chemistry has been updated and expanded in this new edition. With updated content and an additional panel of information, this popular guide is not only an essential companion for students in introductory chemistry courses but also a must-have refresher for students in higher-level courses. Author Mark D. Jackson, PhD, a scientist and university chemistry professor, has a gift for making the complicated subject of chemistry interesting and easy to understandawithout the fluff. In this new edition, you will find more coverage of the subject, helpful illustrations, chemical problems, and practical applications, making this a study tool you won't want to be without.

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Book SynopsisEssential terminology for Physics study pulled together in one guide to maximize success in College and High School courses. Succinct definitions by our resident Harvard Ph.D., Chemistry author and professor ensure the usefulness of this handy guide from high school to college.

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Book SynopsisUltimate quick reference guide for any earthling's questions about our solar system, whether a student, lover of all things space, or stargazing and night sky enthusiasts. Beautifully designed with images from NASA and expertly written by science author, consultant and professor John Roch, PhD who includes more facts per page than any book or website. This 6 page laminated guide will last a lifetime so you will always know what the surface temperature of Mercury is, how many known satellites Neptune has, what the Kuiper Belt is, or what other dwarf planets there are besides Pluto? 6-page laminated guide includes: Solar System Breakdown Essential Terms Space Missions Listed for Each Object & Planet Below Sun Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Asteroid Belt Ceres Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Kuiper Belt Pluto Haumea Makemake Eris More Solar System Facts

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Book SynopsisUtilizing easy-to-find and inexpensive materials, this handy resource teaches desktop warriors how to build a multitude of medieval siege weapons for the modern era. Novice combatants will learn to build 35 defense weapons, including a marshmallow catapult, a chopstick bow, a bottle cap crossbow, and a clothespin ballista. In addition to beefing up their Dark Age arsenal, would-be warriors are provided with a number of targets on which to practice their shooting skills. Clear diagrams, instructions, and safety tips for each project are included, making construction of each of these weapons simple, safe, and fun.Trade ReviewLoad up on marshmallows, cut up old CDs and ask your mum for her clothes pegs its war! All these objects should have you on your way to building some of the most terrifying instruments of war from history. With easy step-by-step instructions simple household items can be transformed. With just a set of chopsticks and some string you can practise the ancient Japanese art of archery called Kyudo. A steady hand is probably needed and nearly every item requires quite a bit of gluing or taping together. But lets face it, when exam time comes how are you going to protect your answers from the cheat sitting next to you? - Flipside Magazine (teenage magazine extolling the joys of reading) May 2014

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Book SynopsisIn fewer than two-hundred pages, David Stove leaves the well-established and widely regarded edifice of the academic philosophy of science in smoldering ruins. This book provides a modern history of scientific reasoning, from David Hume's inductive skepticism to Karl Popper's outright denial of induction, to the increasingly irrational and absurd scientific views that followed. When Popper untethered science from induction, Stove argues, he triggered a postmodernist nightmare of utter nonsense culminating in Paul Feyerabend's summation that anything goes when it comes to defining or describing science.With undeniable logic, a deft analysis of the linguistic slight-of-hand that make absurd arguments seem reasonable, and regular displays of wit, Stove gives the reader a front row seat to one of the greatest unforced errors in the history of modern thought.Stove's views are entirely consistent with the origins of scientific inference and logic, as well as modern advances in probability

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Book SynopsisThis textbookcontains acomprehensive collection of exercises in medical physics with numerous illustrations – ideally suited for teaching and learning. Introductory sections summarize contents and learning targets of each chapter.

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Book Synopsis When high-magnitude meteorological hazards impact vulnerable human populations, disasters are the inevitable consequence. Through archaeological and historical evidence, this book investigates how these sudden and unpredictable events affected British medieval populations (AD 1000-1500). Medieval society understood disasters in a practical sense and took steps to minimise risk by constructing flood defences and reinforcing structures damaged by storms. At the same time, natural hazards were widely interpreted through a framework of religious and superstitious beliefs and a wide variety of measures were followed to secure protection against the dangers of the natural world. Disasters, therefore, were interpreted through a duality of understanding in which their occurrence could be the result of spiritual or superstitious triggers but practical solutions were a key component in mitigating their tangible impacts. In evaluating this duality, this book focuses on specific case studies and considers both their diverse historical contexts as well as their consequences for society against the backdrop of significant demographic and climatic change—as a result of the Black Death and the transition to the Little Ice Age.

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