Science: general issues Books
Princeton University Press Einstein on Einstein
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and historian Jürgen Renn provide a sparky commentary."---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[Einstein on Einstein] provides context, commentary, and background and explores Einstein’s thinking, theories, and contributions."---Dan Aubrey, U.S. 1"The opportunity to read Einstein’s musings, interpreted by two current leaders in Einstein studies, is valuable to all interested in the history or philosophy of physics as well as in Einstein himself."---Jay Paschoff, The Key Reporter"The main commentaries give hugely valuable insights into the development of Einstein’s thinking and how he positioned himself with respect to his predecessors and contemporaries."---David Lorimer, Paradigm Explorer
£33.25
Princeton University Press No Shadow of a Doubt
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Association of American Publishers""One of BBC Sky at Night Magazine's Best Astronomy and Space Books of 2019""One of Nature's Top Ten Books of 2019""[No Shadow of a Doubt] offers a richly detailed account of the protagonists and their success against long odds. Mr. Kennefick is at his most compelling when dissecting and refuting accusations of bias that have shrouded the historic feat."---Ray Jayawardhana, Wall Street Journal"Kennefick brings a thrilling mix of ingredients together into a . . . rewarding read: the chutzpah of Einstein; the glamour, luck and sense of adventure of eclipse-chasing; the audacity of planning such a demanding experiment during the first world war and executing it in its chaotic aftermath."---Anjana Ahuja, Financial Times"Physicist Kennefick narrates the buildup to, and fallout from, the experiment that confirmed Einstein’s radical idea and made him an international star."---Andrea Gawrylewski, Scientific American"Meticulously researched and vividly written, [this] account is sure to become the standard reference work on this fascinating example of ‘Big Science’."---Peter Coles, Nature"[An] insightful biography."---Simon Ings, The Spectator"This is a fascinating book, full of insights into the relationship between theory and experimental proof, and the relationship between science, internationalism, and war."---Emily Winterburn, BBC Sky at Night Magazine"A detailed and scholarly examination of the 1919 eclipse expeditions . . . a wonderfully rich and authoritative study of the way science worked in 1919 (“a golden age for astronomy”)."---P. D. Smith, Times Literary Supplement"[Kennefick’s] purpose is to very thoroughly rebut the skeptics, which he accomplishes in part through a careful and technical review of the instruments, the data, and an astronomer’s 1978 reanalysis of the data using a computer, but also by standing up for Frank Dyson."---Karen Olsson, Bookforum"Daniel Kennefick’s wonderful No Shadow of a Doubt has something for everyone, and I highly recommend it, especially in this centennial year."---Jay M. Pasachoff, Key Reporter"[An] excellent book . . . [this] story, in Kennefick’s hands, is well told, with plenty to interest the non-specialist and the more expert reader alike"---Andy Sawyers, British Astronomical Association"Even if shadows and doubts about the 1919 findings remain, this thoughtful and rigorous book at least lays several old myths to rest."---Suman Seth, American Scientist"Daniel Kennefick’s is the most detailed study of the eclipse expedition to date."---Alexei B. Kojevnikov, American Journal of Physics"[Kennefick] celebrates the 100th anniversary of that eclipse by providing us with a detailed, engagingly written, and extremely well-referenced account of the results and their purported confirmation of General Relativity."---David W. Hughes, The Observatory"Rather than privileging the roles of Eddington and Einstein, as other works have done, Kennefick places Einstein and even, to some extent, Eddington in the back seat, focusing instead on Sir Frank Dyson, the instruments and methods used, and the astronomical institutions associated with the expedition. Such an approach shows that the experimental verification of a theory does not lie with single figures but is often driven by several individuals and institutions—their environments, epoch, and instrumentation."---Tiffany Nichols, Isis
£22.50
Princeton University Press The Travel Diaries of Albert Einstein
Book SynopsisTrade Review"[Intimate] and captivating."---Meg Nola, Foreword Reviews
£27.00
Princeton University Press The Strength in Numbers
Book Synopsis
£25.20
Princeton University Press The Sky Is for Everyone
Book SynopsisTrade Review"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year""An inspiring anthology of writings by trailblazing female astronomers from 1960 to today."---Simon Ings, New Scientist"The particulars of each woman’s experience are unique, which is part of what makes their stories compelling. . . . As I read through the book, no single essay stood out to me. Instead, I was affected (sometimes deeply) by each woman’s story in a different way, and I often felt compelled to take note of some phrase or piece of sage advice."---Nicolle Zellner, American Scientist"Trimble and Weintraub bring together essays by women who reached for the stars in this uplifting anthology. . . . Filled with moving testimonies and awe-inspiring discoveries, this is a wonderful tribute to the joys of science and the tough road many women had on the way to forging their careers." * Publishers Weekly *"The essays in The Sky Is for Everyone illustrate the progress women have made in the field, although that push to equality is not complete."---Jeff Foust, Space Review"This anthology of 37 short autobiographies covers more than six decades of astronomy and shows the varied paths of female astronomers and the roadblocks that can slow or sideline their success."---Ashley Yeager, Science News"These stories will absolutely inspire our next generation of female scientists. . . . [The Sky Is for Everyone] is an absolute must-read for any young lady who is thinking of starting a career in astronomy. The same applies to anybody who is interested in the history of women in astronomy."---Mary McIntyre, Journal of the British Astronomical Association"[These autobiographical essays] provide a rich portrait of the experiences, ranging from triumphs to heartbreaks, that constitute the lives of women in contemporary astronomy. . . .They demonstrate that a rewarding career in astronomy is possible for anyone who gives it a try and succeeds at overcoming the many hurdles that confront us all regardless of gender."---David H. DeVorkin, Quest"A communal love letter to astronomy and the broader sciences. . . . The Sky Is for Everyone is a valuable read for astronomers and those interested in the status of women in science, but also for department heads and policymakers who should take note of how institutional barriers can be broken down and accommodations made to improve the astronomy community."---Joanna Behrman, Physics Today"[The] essays are universally well written."---H.D. Wong, Choice
£22.50
Princeton University Press Quantum Mechanics
Book SynopsisTrade Review"James Peebles, Co-Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics"
£66.30
Princeton University Press The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein Volume
Book Synopsis
£49.60
Princeton University Press The Annotated Hodgkin and Huxley
Book SynopsisTrade Review"I had never read the Hodgkin–Huxley papers until this book came my way. I am grateful that it did."---Brian Hayes, American Scientist"With this guide, Raman and Ferster have not only provided lecturers with the opportunity to includea review of the original Hodgkin–Huxley papers in their courses as a rare learning experience, but also have made accessible these historical documents to any interested neuroscientist of the post-Hodgkin–Huxley generations who otherwise would probably never haven taken—and enjoyed!—the intellectual ride of reading them. For this great service, the authors deserve our applause."---Günther K. H. Zupanc, Journal of Comparative Psychology A
£37.80
Princeton University Press The Mirror and the Mind
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Association of American Publishers""Clearly written and beautifully detailed, this book will be of interest to psychologists, neuroscientists, and anthropologists at all levels of expertise interested in issues of self-recognition or misidentification between the self and other."---Saira Khan, Quarterly Review of Biology
£31.50
Princeton University Press Why Size Matters
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Bonner argues that size is a driving force for all of biology. . . . He demonstrates convincingly, size dictates everything from an animal's shape and appearance to its locomotion, speed, voice and social organization."---Wray Herbert, Washington Post Book World"A masterful and engaging work, elegant in its simplicity despite its subject's complexity."---Susan Lumpkin, Zoogoer"From giant dinosaurs to cellular clockworks, people are astonished by the large and fascinated by the small. But as this diminutive book describes with elegant simplicity, size is far more important than mere curiosity—it 'drives the form and function of everything that lives.' . . . Drawing parallels from physics, engineering, and human (and animal societies), Bonner vividly illustrates how something apparently so simple as size is actually so fundamentally important." * Choice *"An original and very interesting book."---Michel Cuisin, Mammalia"Bonner has written a book in a friendly voice that enlarges the picture of how everyone, big and small, thinks of size and why it matters very much." * Biology Digest *"[Bonner] examines the largest and smallest creatures on Earth. Size, asserts Bonner, determines five important biological features: strength, surface area, complexity, rate of metabolism, and organism abundance. In this diminutive book, he explains each feature and how it relates to the others. He concludes, size matters." * Science News *"The important point made by Bonner . . . is that differences in magnitude affect biological and physical properties directly, exposing the organisms to the action of different selection pressures. . . . Why Size Matters will be of major interest for readers from different disciplines, just as the topic and the principles discussed by Bonner apply to diverse scientific areas."---Andre J. Riveros, TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution
£13.29
Princeton University Press Antoine Lavoisier The Next Crucial Year Or the
Book SynopsisTrade Review"In this short, lively, and illuminating interpretation of Antoine Lavoisier's experimental work in 1773, Frederic Lawrence Holmes engages specific issues in Lavoisier studies as well as broader issues on writing the history of science."--American Historical ReviewTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction3Ch. 1The Sources of Lavoisier's Quantitative Method in Chemistry7Ch. 2Consequences of the Crucial Year12Ch. 3Vision and Reality18Ch. 4The Public Arena30Ch. 5Reflections41Ch. 6In the Shadow of Black47Ch. 7Caution and Consolidation60Ch. 8The Long Summer Campaign82Ch. 9The End of the Beginning104Ch. 10Mopping-Up Operations125Ch. 11Conclusion140Ch. 12Before and After 1773: Lavoisier Studies145AppendixNames, Substances, and Apparatus in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry153Notes157Index181
£82.80
Pluto Press BEING THERE Fieldwork in Anthropology
Book SynopsisAddresses the central position of fieldwork in modern social anthropologyTrade ReviewA good read. -- Journal of the Royal Anthropological InstituteTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Fictions of Fieldwork: Depicting the ‘Self’ in Ethnographic Writing (Italy) by Cris Shore (Goldsmiths College, London) 2. Location and Relocation: Home, ‘The Field’ and Anthropological Ethics (Sylhet, Bangladesh) by Katy Gardner (University of Sussex) 3. On Ethnographic Experience: Formative and Informative (Nias, Indonesia) by Andrew Beatty (Wolfson College, Oxford) 4. Learning to be Friends: Participant Observation amongst English School children (the North of England) by Allison James (University of Hull) 5. The End in the Beginning: New Year at Rizong (The Himalayas)by Anna Grimshaw (University of Manchester) 6. A Diminishment: a Death in the Field (Kerinci, Indonesia) by C.W. Watson List of contributors Index
£22.49
Pluto Press Class Nation and Identity
Book SynopsisExamines the class dimensions of identity politics and the symbols and meaning inherent in class movementsTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Northern Italy: ‘A World to Win’ 3. Andalusia: everyone or no one 4. Tuscany: peasants into comrades 5. A short history of the future 6. The Basque country: making patriots 7. Yugoslavia: making war 8. Occitania and Lombardy: populism red and white 9. Conclusion References Index
£25.19
Pluto Press People Peace and Power
Book SynopsisPractical guide from a conflict-resolution expert that shows how ordinary people can become peace-builders in violent societies.Trade Review'An honest and very personal account, which sets it apart from the numerous training manuals‚ that are now on the market' -- Andrew Rigby, head of the Centre for the Study of Forgiveness and Reconciliation, Coventry University'Diana Francis is one of the world's most experienced and able facilitators in conflict transformation. Her book is one of the first comprehensive assessments of the role that workshops can play in peace-building' -- Hugh Miall, Lancashire UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations Part I :Thinking about Conflict Transformation 1. Introduction 2. Theory for Conflict Transformation 3. Culture and Conflict Transformation Part II: From Theory to Practice: Training and Dialogue 4. Workshops: Aims, Content and Methodology 5. Transcending Culture: International Relations in Microcosm 6. North-South Relations: A Pan-African Workshop 7. Women Peacemakers: Transforming Relationships, Finding Power 8. Surviving History: A Story of Dialogue in the Balkans 9. Putting Respect into Practice Part III: Looking to the Future 10. Good Practice 11. Making a Difference: Challenge and Change Bibliography Index
£26.99
Pluto Press Social Movements and State Power
Book SynopsisLeading academics investigate the left turn in Latin American politics.Trade ReviewPetras and Veltmeyer in their study of recent economic and political developments in four other South American countries considers the political and economic developments in each country in the light of the increasing prominence of the left and the extent to which challenges to the neo-liberalism of the International Monetary Fund had been successful. Using Chavez's victory in Venezuela to set the context, the American based academics review the presidencies of Kirchner in Argentina, as well as developments in Bolivia. The book assumes considerable knowledge of the contemporary economics and politics of each country. The conclusion to their analysis is that 'a radical politics of mass mobilization is an indispensable condition for advancing the struggle for social change - to bring a new world of social justice and real development based on popular power. In practice it is necessary to combine both electoral and mass revolutionary politics. -- Duncan Bowie, ChartistTable of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Bad Government, Good Governance: Civil Society versus Social Movements 2. From Popular Rebellion to ‘Normal Capitalism’ in Argentina 3. Lula and the Dynamics of a Neoliberal Regime 4. Social Movements and State Power in Ecuador 5. The Politics of Adjustment, Reform and Revolution in Bolivia 6. Political Power Dynamics in Latin America Bibliography Index
£25.19
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Is Science Racist
Book SynopsisEvery arena of science has its own flash-point issues chemistry and poison gas, physics and the atom bomb and genetics has had a troubled history with race. As Jonathan Marks reveals, this dangerous relationship rumbles on to this day, still leaving plenty of leeway for a belief in the basic natural inequality of races.Trade Review"Jonathan Marks skillfully guides us through the ignominious peaks and ideological nadirs of scientific racism, revealing race as a science fiction with little more empirical credence than creationism. This most accessible book should be read by anyone seeking to understand how science was, and continues to be, used in the service of racism." - Alondra Nelson, Columbia University and author of The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation after the Genome "With his usual alacrity and insight, Jonathan Marks demonstrates how we (the human sciences) allow, even enable, misguided racial perspectives and racist research. In showing us our history, he provides an important cautionary tale for present and future scientists. This book is a must read for researchers and students alike. History not learned is doomed to be repeated." - Agustín Fuentes, University of Notre Dame"Is Science Racist? [makes] a strong set of claims, and Marks uses numerous examples to support them. […] What can our genome tell us? Less than we may like to think." - Barbara J. King, NPR"This thoughtful contribution to the never-ending debates on race should enlighten both scientists and lay readers about the racism that is latent in so many domains of human activity and inquiry." - Choice"Is Science Racist? is an especially important read for undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology, biology, genetics, psychology, and other human services and behavioural sciences academic fields. Marks eschews scientific jargon and technical language, making this book accessible to a general readership, and he covers a tremendous amount of ground in this brief work. The book is also an essential read for established scholars and practitioners in the aforementioned fields." - Ethnic and Racial StudiesTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. How science invented race 3. Science, race, and genomics 4. Racism and biomedical science 5. What we know, and why it matters
£38.00
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Is Science Racist
Book SynopsisEvery arena of science has its own flash-point issues chemistry and poison gas, physics and the atom bomb and genetics has had a troubled history with race. As Jonathan Marks reveals, this dangerous relationship rumbles on to this day, still leaving plenty of leeway for a belief in the basic natural inequality of races.Trade Review"Jonathan Marks skillfully guides us through the ignominious peaks and ideological nadirs of scientific racism, revealing race as a science fiction with little more empirical credence than creationism. This most accessible book should be read by anyone seeking to understand how science was, and continues to be, used in the service of racism." Alondra Nelson, Columbia University and author of The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation after the Genome "With his usual alacrity and insight, Jonathan Marks demonstrates how we (the human sciences) allow, even enable, misguided racial perspectives and racist research. In showing us our history, he provides an important cautionary tale for present and future scientists. This book is a must read for researchers and students alike. History not learned is doomed to be repeated." Agustín Fuentes, University of Notre Dame"Is Science Racist? [makes] a strong set of claims, and Marks uses numerous examples to support them. […] What can our genome tell us? Less than we may like to think."Barbara J. King, NPR"This thoughtful contribution to the never-ending debates on race should enlighten both scientists and lay readers about the racism that is latent in so many domains of human activity and inquiry." - Choice"Is Science Racist? is an especially important read for undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology, biology, genetics, psychology, and other human services and behavioural sciences academic fields. Marks eschews scientific jargon and technical language, making this book accessible to a general readership, and he covers a tremendous amount of ground in this brief work. The book is also an essential read for established scholars and practitioners in the aforementioned fields." - Ethnic and Racial StudiesTable of Contents1 Introduction 2 How science invented race 3 Science, race, and genomics 4 Racism and biomedical science 5 What we know, and why it matters
£11.77
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Ecoli A Practical Approach to the Organism and
Book SynopsisOutbreaks of fatal foodborne illness associated with Vero cytotoxin-producing E.coli (VTEC) have highlighted the need for thorough and coherent information to be provided to the food industry. This book details the causes of selected incidents and assesses the lessons that can be learnt from them.Table of ContentsForeword.. 1. Background. Introduction. Taxonomy of E. coli. Illnesses caused by E. coli. Sources of E. Coli.. 2. Outbreaks: causes and lessons to be learnt. Introduction. Coked meat products: Scotland. Mettwurst: Australia. Unpasteurized apple juice: USA and Canada. Pasteurized milk: Scotland. Soft ripened French cheese: USA. Beefburgers: USA. Sprouting vegetables: USA and Japan.. 3. Factors affecting the growth and survival of E. coli. General. Temperature. pH, water activity and other factors.. 4. Industry focus: control of E. coli. Introduction. Raw fermented and dry-cured meat products. Raw-milk mould-ripened soft cheese. Fresh-pressed fruit juices. Cooked meat products. Raw comminuted meat products: Beefburgers. Ready-to-eat salads and vegetables and sprouted. salad vegetables. Generic control of E. coli 0157 and other VTEC.. 5, Industry action and reaction. Introduction. Legislation and standards. Guidelines. Specifications. Monitoring for E. coli and E.coli 0157. 6. Test methods. Conventional methods. Alternative methods. Other methods.. 7. The future. Glossary of terms. References. Index.
£62.65
Broadway Books (A Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc) A Short History of Nearly Everything
Book Synopsis
£20.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Tomorrows Professor
Book SynopsisTomorrow's Professor is designed to help you prepare for, find, and succeed at academic careers in science and engineering. It looks at the full range of North American four-year academic institutions while featuring 30 vignettes and more than 50 individual stories that bring to life the principles and strategies outlined in the book.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Part I Setting the Stage 1 Chapter 1 The Academic Enterprise 3 Chapter 2 Science and Engineering in Higher Education 37 Chapter 3 New Challenges for the Professoriate 59 Part II Preparing for an Academic Career 81 Chapter 4 Your Professional Preparation Strategy 83 Chapter 5 Research as a Graduate Student and Postdoc 107 Chapter 6 Teaching Experiences Prior to Becoming a Professor 143 Part III Finding and Getting the Best Possible Academic Position 165 Chapter 7 Identifying the Possibilities 167 Chapter 8 Applying for Positions 183 Chapter 9 Getting the Results You Want 221 Part IV Looking Ahead to Your First Years on the Job - Advice from the Field 241 Changing Gears 243 Chapter 10 Insights on Time Management 245 Chapter 11 Insights on Teaching and Learning 261 Chapter 12 Insights on Research 289 Chapter 13 Insights on Professional Responsibility 309 Chapter 14 Insights on Tenure 327 Chapter 15 Insights on Academia: Needed Changes 351 Part V Appendixes 363 Appendix A Possible Items for Inclusion in a Teaching Portfolio 363 Appendix B Statement of Personal Philosophy Regarding Teaching and Learning 367 Appendix C Professional Associations for Academic Job Seekers in Science and Engineering 369 Appendix D Questions to Ask Before Accepting a Faculty Position 373 Appendix E Sample Offer Letters 381 Appendix F Elements Found in Most Successful Proposals 387 Appendix G Common Shortcomings of Grant Proposals 391 Index 393 About the Author 415
£76.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Womans Guide to Navigating the Ph.D. in
Book SynopsisDesigned to unravel some of the mystery around graduate school programs in science and engineering, this resource reinforces strategies for succeeding. Each chapter covers a different aspect of graduate school, from identifying funding sources, to writing the dissertation, to looking for a job.Trade Review"…this handy book systematically establishes a far-reaching 'map' of the graduate school experience that will be invaluable not only to women candidates, but to all graduate students and mentors…" (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, March/April 2005)Table of ContentsForeword. A Note from the Auhtors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. The Journey. Potential Storms. The Final Destination: After the Ph.D. Bibliography and References. Web Resources. Index. About the Authors.
£52.16
Cornell University Press Motherhood the Elephant in the Laboratory
Book SynopsisAbout half of the undergraduate and roughly 40 percent of graduate degree recipients in science and engineering are women. As increasing numbers of these women pursue research careers in science, many who choose to have children discover the unique difficulties of balancing a professional life in these highly competitive (and often male-dominated) fields with the demands of motherhood. Although this issue directly affects the career advancement of women scientists, it is rarely discussed as a professional concern, leaving individuals to face the dilemma on their own. To address this obvious but unacknowledged crisisthe elephant in the laboratory, according to one scientistEmily Monosson, an independent toxicologist, has brought together 34 women scientists from overlapping generations and several fields of researchincluding physics, chemistry, geography, paleontology, and ecology, among othersto share their experiences. From women who began their careers in the 1970s andTrade ReviewEmily Monosson has edited a very interesting book. She has collected essays written by 34 female scientists on how they managed to combine being a scientist with being a mother. It is regrettable that the subject of this book has continued to be relevant despite many decades of struggle by scientists to find a balance between work and family. The problem remains unsolved. -- Alice L. Givan * Industrial and Labor Relations Review *In these heartrending essays, women who are well-trained and well-situated in science detail the compromises they have made in order to raise children and be scientists.... The women who succeed—and there are many in this volume—are those whose partners take an equal share of the responsibility for raising a family and making the household function. * American Scientist *Women trying to squeeze a career and family duties into one 24-hour day will gain much affirmation from this collection of essays. The writers, who all balance science careers and motherhood, provide a fascinating insight into a world too often kept hidden. For those without children it should come with a health warning: the juggling and compromises these women have learned to live with may add up to a sobering reality check for those who still think they can have it all. For some it may prove a powerful contraceptive. * New Scientist *Table of ContentsIntroductionSection I. 1970sBalancing Family and Career Demands with 20/20 Hindsight by Aviva BrecherExtreme Motherhood: You Can't Get There from Here by Joan S. BaizerCareers versus Child Care in Academia by Deborah RossIdentities: Looking Back over Forty Years as a Social Scientist, Woman, and Mother by Marilyn Wilkey MerrittCosts and Rewards of Success in Academia, or Bouncing into the Rubber Ceiling by Marla S. McIntoshOne Set of Choices as a Mom and Scientist by Suzanne EpsteinSection II. 1980sThree Sides of the Balance by Anne DouglassThe Accidental Astronomer by Stefi BaumAt Home with Toxicology: A Career Evolves by Emily MonossonGeological Consulting and Kids: An Unpredictable Balancing Act? by Debra HannemanCareer Scientists and the Shared Academic Position by Carol B. de WetSection III. 1990sLess Pay, a Little Less Work by Heidi NewbergReflections of a Female Scientist with Outside Interests by Christine SeroogyPart-Time at a National Laboratory: A Split Life by Rebecca A. EfroymsonThe Eternal Quest for Balance: A Career in Five Acts, No Intermission by Theresa M. WizemannReflections on Motherhood and Science by Teresa Capone CookThe Benefits of Four-Dumbbell Support by Catherine O'RiordanExtraordinary Commitments of Time and Energy by Deborah HarrisFinding My Way Back to the Bench: An Unexpectedly Satisfying Destination by A. Pia AbolaMothering Primates by Devin ReeseFinding the Right Balance, Personal and Professional, as a Mother in Science by Gayle Barbin ZydlewskiWhat? I Don't Need a PhD to Potty-Train My Children? by Nanette J. PazdernikVariety, Challenge, and Flexibility: The Benefits of Straying from the Narrow Path by Marguerite ToscanoThe Balancing Act by Kim M. FowlerJuggling through Life’s Transitions by Cal Baier-AndersonHaving It All, Just Not All at the Same Time by Andrea L. KalfoglouSection IV. 2000sExploring Less-Traveled Paths by Deborah DuffyStanding Up by Gina D. Wesley-HuntBecause of Our Mom, a True Rocket Scientist by Elizabeth Douglass and Katherine DouglassOn Being What You Love by Rachel ObbardParsimony Is What We Are Taught, Not What We Live by Sofia Katerina Refetoff ZahedRole Models: Out with the Old and In with the New by Marie RemikerPursuing Science and Motherhood by Kimberly D’AnnaConclusion Contributors
£21.84
Random House USA Inc The River of Consciousness
Book SynopsisFrom the bestselling author of Gratitude and Musicophilia, a collection of essays that displays Oliver Sacks's passionate engagement with the most compelling ideas of human endeavor: evolution, creativity, memory, time, consciousness, and experience.Oliver Sacks, scientist and storyteller, is beloved by readers for the extraordinary neurological case histories (Awakenings, An Anthropologist on Mars) in which he explored many now-familiar disorders--autism, Tourette syndrome, face blindness. He was also a memoirist who wrote with honesty and humor about the remarkable experiences that shaped him (Uncle Tungsten, On the Move, Gratitude). In the pieces that comprise The River of Consciousness (many first published in The New York Review of Books, among other places), Dr. Sacks takes on evolution, botany, chemistry, medicine, neuroscience, and the arts, and calls upon his great scientific and creative heroes--abo
£15.30
Stanford University Press Wave Forms
Book SynopsisIn this daring book, the author proposes that artistic and literary forms can be understood as modulations of wave forms in the physical world. By the phrase "natural syntax," he means that physical nature enters human communication literally by way of a transmitting wave frequency.
£112.20
Stanford University Press Wave Forms
Book SynopsisIn this daring book, the author proposes that artistic and literary forms can be understood as modulations of wave forms in the physical world. By the phrase "natural syntax," he means that physical nature enters human communication literally by way of a transmitting wave frequency.
£28.80
Stanford University Press The Sparks of Randomness Volume 1
Book SynopsisThe Sparks of Randomness, Henri Atlan''s magnum opus, develops his whole philosophy with a highly impressive display of knowledge, wisdom, depth, rigor, and intellectual and moral vigor. Atlan founds an ethics adapted to the new power over life that modern scientific knowledge has given us. He holds that the results of science cannot ground any ethical or political truth whatsoever, while human creative activity and the conquest of knowledge are a double-edged sword. This first volume, Spermatic Knowledge, begins with the Talmudic tale about the prophet Jeremiah''s creation of a golem, or artificial man. Atlan shows that the Jewish tradition does not demonize man for creating and changing living thingsa charge often leveled at promoters of advanced technologies, like biologists, who are accused of playing God. To the contrary, man is depicted as being the co-creator of the world.Although Atlan believes that the fabrication of life from scratch will take pTrade Review"Atlan seeks to integrate the mechanistic worldview common in the biological sciences into a form of absolute monism that draws upon Kabbalah and Spinoza. . . Steeped in the biological sciences and remarkably learned in Judaica, it will set a standard for new creative forms of constructive Jewish thought. Anyone interested in the relation between religion and science will do well to turn here."—Zachary Braiterman, Religious Studies Review"Henri Atlan has undoubtedly become a great scholar and important international figure in the academic community. His approach to texts is original and stimulating, his ideas both lucid and insightful. He has written many volumes on a variety of subjects, but this one has special meaning due to the convulsions society has been undergoing in recent years. The book is steeped in psychology and religion, biology and sociology, mysticism and ethos. Drawing from Talmudic sources but also from secular ones, it is sure to find appeal in many circles."—Elie Wiesel"As a physician, biologist, and philosopher, Henri Atlan occupies a preeminent place in the present-day French intellectual landscape, carrying on a grand French tradition of scientist-philosophers that goes back to Pascal. His Sparks of Randomness is dedicated to reflecting upon the lesson that Jeremiah learned from the golem: that we should not renounce attaining the perfect knowledge that makes us capable of creating life, but once we attain the knowledge, we should abstain from acting on it. This book is not only fundamental for the future of biology, cognitive science, and the human sciences in general, but also constitutes one of the most important readings of Spinoza ever produced."—Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Stanford University
£22.49
Rutgers University Press The Emperors New Clothes Biological Theories of
Book SynopsisIn this groundbreaking book, Joseph Graves traces the development of biological thought about human genetic diversity. Greek philosophy, social Darwinism, New World colonialism, the eugenics movement, intelligence testing biases, and racial health fallacies are just a few of the topics he addresses. Graves argues that racism has persisted in our society because adequate scientific reasoning has not entered into the equation. He champions the scientific method and explains how we may properly ask scientific questions about the nature of population differentiation and how (if at all) we may correlate that diversity to observed human behavior. He also cautions us to think critically about scientific findings that have historically been misused in controversies over racial differences in intelligence heritability, criminal behavior, disease predisposition, and other traits. According to Graves, this country cannot truly address its racial problems untilTrade ReviewThe author's main purpose is to show that the concept of race is a social construct that has no scientific basis. This is apparently now generally understood by the scientific community, but has not yet properly penetrated the understanding of the general public. This is the fundamental moral challenge that Graves put to the U.S. as its prime task in the millennium. His book is clear, readable, and ideal for first-year students. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Intellectually delightful, and at times deeply moving, this book's fundamental thesis is of outstanding importance. The biological non-existence of race is one of the most liberating messages that the American public will hear in a long time. It should be read by anybody who is a registered voter in the United States. -- Michael R. Rose * author of Darwin's Spectre: Evolutionary Biology in the Modern World *Evolutionary biologist Joseph Graves Jr. sets out to show that scientific, not political, correctness underlies the critique of the race concept, and argues that æthere is no biological basis for separation of human beings into race.' . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a valuable study, and critique, of the concept of race. It is a pity that such books remain necessary. * Times Literary Supplement *What is the basis for separation of humans into races? Is it biological (i.e., genetic), or is it physical (i.e., phenotypic) and sociological? Depending on the answers, can racism be supported biologically? Graves has posed answers to these questions that could revise the ways in which humans interact with one another. With scientific training in genetics and the molecular biology of evolution, Graves has the background to speak meaningfuly to these questions. . . . For anyone interested in human interaction. All levels. * Choice *A concise history of the origin and evolution of the idea of race, the development of the science of classification and ranking of human types/races, and the persistence of racial ideology and science. Graves concludes that race is a social construct that was given power by science. When the myth of biological races is smashed, biological differences cease to be an excuse for inequality, and racism is exposed. * Journal of the American Medical Association *A book declaring that biological races do not exist and that the concept of race æwas socially constructed, arising from the colonization of the New World and the importation of slaves, mainly from western Africa' merits a salute right off the bat. . . . Joseph L. Graves Jr., is a laboratory geneticist, and he has made his case based on solid science, not on feel-good social motivations. . . . Graves is a laboratory scientist. His grasp of science and use of up-to-date sources put his presentation on a rock-solid basis. . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a fine start for thinking about race at the dawn of the new millennium. * American Scientist *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 The Origin of the Race Concept Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Part 2 Darwin and the Survival of Scientific Racism Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Part 3 Applications and Misapplications of Darwinism Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Part 4 Biological Theories of Race at Millennium Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Conclusion Appendices Notes Bibliography Index
£29.70
Rutgers University Press Poultry Science Chicken Culture A Partial
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Squier offers a delightful, provocative, and unexpected look into the visible, and often hidden, interrelationships that bind human and fowl." -- Gregg Mitman * author of Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film *"A quirky mash of essays on chickens and the interplay of biology and culture that manages to blend all of Squier's interdisciplinary interests. She ranges freely, from takes on chickens as subjects of photography and exhibition, playwriting, film, and children's and other literature, to musings on such public-policy issues as risk management, the avian-flu scare, and the societal costs of industrial agriculture." * Chronicle Review *"Here is a vividly written and thickly researched transdisciplinary book full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, and good to inhabit thick histories with. These chicken-human worlds propose becoming with, in accountable new and old ways with consequences for the chances of flourishing after the disasters of industrial animal agriculture and epidemic-friendly technoscienticic and globalized economic practices. Here too is a book full of stories to live with, stories that invite human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"Squier exhibits a deep, imaginative cross-disciplinary understanding of artistic and linguistic representation and reproductive medicine. Highly recommended." * Choice *"Squier offers a delightful, provocative, and unexpected look into the visible, and often hidden, interrelationships that bind human and fowl." -- Gregg Mitman * author of Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film *"This vividly written transdisciplinary book is full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, good to inhabit thick histories with. Squier's 'partial alphabet' invites human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"A quirky mash of essays on chickens and the interplay of biology and culture that manages to blend all of Squier's interdisciplinary interests. She ranges freely, from takes on chickens as subjects of photography and exhibition, playwriting, film, and children's and other literature, to musings on such public-policy issues as risk management, the avian-flu scare, and the societal costs of industrial agriculture." * Chronicle Review *"Here is a vividly written and thickly researched transdisciplinary book full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, and good to inhabit thick histories with. These chicken-human worlds propose becoming with, in accountable new and old ways with consequences for the chances of flourishing after the disasters of industrial animal agriculture and epidemic-friendly technoscienticic and globalized economic practices. Here too is a book full of stories to live with, stories that invite human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"Squier exhibits a deep, imaginative cross-disciplinary understanding of artistic and linguistic representation and reproductive medicine. Highly recommended." * Choice *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Why Chickens? 1. Augury 2. Biology 3. Culture 4. Disability 5. Epidemic 6. Fellow-Feeling 7. Gender 8. Hybridity 9. Inauguration Conclusion: Zen of the Hen Notes References Index About the Author
£27.90
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Chemical Food Safety
Book SynopsisChemical Food Safety: A Scientist''s Perspective introduces readers to the science of risk assessment as applied to food safety and offers relevant, current information on research and statistics, chemicals, biotechnology issues, and emerging diseases that challenge the risk assessment strategies of toxicology and microbiology. Riviere investigates the potential health consequences of pesticides, food additives and drugs, demonstrating how science can be applied to make risk assessments. He differentiates between real risks and phantom risks, unearthing numerous fallacies in the public perception of risk assessment and evidence of people's intolerance to certain types of risksno matter how remote. Chemical Food Safety is based on credible, scientifically correct data rather than irrational fears propagated by media coverage concerning food safety. The book explores these riveting topics: *food security and the world of bioterrorism, *toxTrade Review"This easy-to-read book focuses on how toxicology data is or should be applied to the real world of food safety. Overall, this book provides the reader with a concise overview of the subject of chemical food safety, comparing real risks with perceived risks, and unearthing numerous myths and people's intolerance to certain types of risk. It highlights the role of the scientist or toxicologist in providing a professional perspective to help the public differentiate risk. It certainly makes you think!" BTS (British Toxilogical Society) Newsletter 2004Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. 1 Probability-The Language of Science and Change. 2. Dose Makes the Difference. 3. The Pesticide Threat. 4. Veggie and Fruit Consumption in the Age of the Centenarians. 5. Chemicals Present in Natural Foods. 6. Risk and Regulations. 7. Some Real Issues in Chemical Toxicology. 8. Milk is Good for You. 9. Biotechnology and Genetically Modified Foods: "The Invasion of the Killer Corn" or "New Veggies to the Rescue". 10. Food Security and the World of Bioterrorism. 11. The Future. A. Toxicology Primer. B. Selected Readings and Notes. Index.
£91.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Food Irradiation Research and Technology
Book SynopsisNow in a fully updated second edition, this volume presents the latest scientific findings on food irradiation. It reviews the principles of irradiation, current technologies, regulatory and safety issues, and recent advances in the irradiation of produce, as well as meat, poultry, and seafood.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xix Preface xxv Chapter 1 Introduction: Food Irradiation Moving On 1 Joseph Borsa Introduction 2 Two Tracks Going Forward 3 The Food Safety Track 3 The Disinfestation Track 5 Bumps Still Remain on the Road Ahead 5 Summary 7 References 7 Chapter 2 Advances in Electron Beam and X-ray Technologies for Food Irradiation 9 Marshall R. Cleland Introduction 10 Basic Irradiation Concepts 10 Definition and Units of Absorbed Dose 10 Absorbed Dose versus Emitted Radiation Power 11 Temperature Rise versus Dose 12 Electron Beam Facilities 13 Absorbed Dose versus Beam Current 14 Electron Beam Technologies 14 X-ray Facilities 21 Conclusion 24 References 25 Chapter 3 Gamma Ray Technology for Food Irradiation 29 Kevin O’Hara Introduction 29 Overview of Co-60 Gamma Technology 30 Basic Irradiation Concepts 32 Gamma Ray Facilities 32 Irradiator Categories 34 Criteria for Irradiator Design and Selection 35 Pallet Irradiator 38 Tote Box Irradiator 40 Independent Dose Delivery Carrier and Stationary Irradiations 41 Gray∗ Star GenesisTM Underwater Irradiator 42 Gamma Ray Facilities for Radiation Research 43 Comparison of Irradiation Technologies 45 References 46 Chapter 4 Regulation of Irradiated Foods and Packaging 47 George H. Pauli Introduction 48 References 52 Notes 52 Chapter 5 Toxicological Safety of Irradiated Foods 53 Christopher H. Sommers, Henry Delincee, J. Scott Smith, and Eric Marchioni Introduction 54 Food Irradiation 54 Benzene, Formaldehyde, and Amines 56 Formation and Levels of 2-ACBs in Foods 57 Toxicological Safety of 2-ACBs 63 2-ACBs and Tumor Promotion 66 Diet and Tumor Promotion 67 Conclusions 67 References 68 Chapter 6 Radiation Chemistry of Food Components 75 Xuetong Fan Basic Radiation Effects 76 Radiolysis of Water 76 Radiation Chemistry of Major Food Components 77 Radiation Chemistry of Lipids 77 Radiolysis of Proteins 80 Radiolysis of Carbohydrates 83 Reduction of Undesirable Compounds by Irradiation 88 Reduction of Furan and Acrylamide 88 Reduction of Mycotoxins 89 Antinutritional Compounds 92 Acknowledgments 93 References 93 Chapter 7 Dosimetry for Food Processing and Research Applications 99 Kishor Mehta and Kevin O’Hara Importance of Dosimetry 99 Introduction 100 Some Fundamentals of Dosimetry 101 Absorbed Dose 101 Dosimetry System 102 Measurement Management System 103 Selection and Characterization of a Dosimetry System 103 Types of Dosimetry Systems 103 The Selection of an Appropriate Dosimetry System 104 Dosimetry System Characterization 106 The Use of a Dosimetry System 107 Dosimetry in Food Research 108 Dosimetry at a Commercial Facility 109 General 109 Process Validation 110 Operational Qualification (OQ) 110 Performance Qualification (PQ) 114 Routine Process Monitoring and Control 117 References 120 Chapter 8 Detection of Irradiated Foods 123 Eric Marchioni Introduction 124 Free Radicals and Electronic Excited States 126 ESR Spectroscopy 126 Luminescence 129 Stable Radiolytic Products 131 Radiolytic Products from Proteins 131 Volatile Compounds 131 Radiolytic Products from Carbohydrates 132 Radiolytic Products from Nucleic Acids 132 Radiolytic Products from Lipids 134 Modification of Macroscopic Physico-Biological Parameters of the Food 137 Gas Evolution 138 Cellular Wall Modifications 138 Bacteriological Modifications 138 Germination Inhibition 139 Irradiated Ingredients and Low-Dose Irradiated Plants 139 Conclusion 140 References 140 Chapter 9 Irradiation of Packaging Materials in Contact with Food: An Update 147 Vanee Komolprasert Introduction 148 Current Authorizations of Packaging Materials for Irradiation of Prepackaged Food 149 Radiation-Induced Chemical Changes in Packaging Materials 157 Role of AOs 158 Evaluating Packaging Materials Irradiated in the Presence of Oxygen 159 Irradiation Effects 160 Analysis for RPs 161 Dietary Exposure to RPs 162 Safety Assessment of RPs 164 Approaches to Testing 165 Conclusions 167 Acknowledgment 168 References 168 Chapter 10 Consumer Acceptance and Marketing of Irradiated Foods 173 Ronald F. Eustice and Christine M. Bruhn Introduction 174 What Is Food Irradiation? 174 Why Is Food Irradiated? 174 Marketing of Irradiation Foods 176 Commercial Acceptance of Irradiation Foods 177 Resistance to “New” Technology 178 Risks versus Benefits 179 World’s Safest Food Supply, But Not Safe Enough 179 Irradiation: A Powerful and Effective Tool to Improve Food Safety 181 Education: The Key to Consumer Acceptance 182 Effect of Unfavorable Information 185 Can Unfavorable Information Be Counteracted? 186 Effects of Gender, Income, and Children 188 Barriers to Acceptance 188 The “Minnesota Model” of Consumer Acceptance 189 A Defining Moment in Food Safety 191 Is It Farm to Fork, or Turf to Tort? 192 Conclusion 192 References 193 Chapter 11 Irradiation of Ready-To-Eat Meat Products 197 Christopher H. Sommers and William J. Mackay Introduction 198 Materials and Methods 198 RTE Meats 198 Processing of Beef Bologna 199 Bacterial Isolates 199 Preparation of Inoculum 200 Inoculation of RTE Meats 200 Gamma Irradiation 200 Enumeration of Bacteria 201 Storage Study 201 D10 Values 201 Statistical Analysis 202 Results and Discussion 202 Acknowledgment 205 References 205 Chapter 12 Mechanisms and Prevention of Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 209 Doug U. Ahn and Eun Joo Lee Introduction 209 Food Irradiation 210 Microcidal Effect 211 Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 213 Lipid Oxidation 213 Sources and Mechanisms of Off-Odor Production 214 Color Changes in Meat by Irradiation 216 Control of Off-Odor Production and Color Changes 220 Additives 220 Packaging 221 Packaging and Additive Combinations 221 Future Research 222 References 222 Chapter 13 Phytosanitary Irradiation for Fresh Horticultural Commodities: Research and Regulations 227 Peter A. Follett and Robert L. Griffin Introduction 228 Developing Irradiation Quarantine Treatments 228 Insect Radiotolerance 228 Methodology 231 Varietal Testing 234 Probit 9 Efficacy and Alternatives 234 Generic Radiation Treatments 236 Regulatory Aspects of Irradiation 240 USDA Regulations 242 Regional and International Harmonization 244 Trade 245 References 249 Chapter 14 Antimicrobial Application of Low-Dose Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce 255 Brendan A. Niemira Introduction 256 Produce Microbiology and Irradiation Treatment 257 Internalization of Bacteria 258 Biofilm-Associated Pathogens 260 Postirradiation Recovery and Regrowth 261 Treatment Parameters for Irradiation of Produce 262 Influence of Plant Variety 264 Combination with Sanitizers 264 Irradiation Plus Mild Thermal Treatment 265 Summary 266 Acknowledgments 266 References 266 Chapter 15 Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Quality and Shelf Life 271 Xuetong Fan Introduction 272 Ethylene and Respiration 273 Appearance 274 Texture 276 Flavor/Taste 278 Nutrients 281 Vitamin C 281 Other Nutrients 282 Combination of Irradiation with Other Postharvest Techniques 284 Chemical Sanitizers 284 Hot-Water Treatment 284 Calcium and Calcium Ascorbate 285 MAP 286 Shelf-Life Extension 287 References 288 Chapter 16 Irradiation of Seeds and Sprouts 295 Kathleen T. Rajkowski and Md. Latiful Bari Introduction 295 Outbreaks Associated with Sprouts 296 Potential Source of Contamination 301 Pathogens of Concern for Sprouts 302 Salmonella 302 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 302 L. monocytogenes 302 B. cereus 303 Yersinia enterocolitica 303 Shigella 303 Klebsiella 303 Pathogen Decontamination Overview 304 Seed and Sprout Evaluation after Treatment 305 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Seeds 305 Combination Treatments 308 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Sprouts 308 Other 309 Conclusions 310 References 310 Chapter 17 Irradiation of Nuts 317 Anuradha Prakash Introduction 317 Farming and Harvesting 318 Insect Disinfestation 318 Microbial Contamination 319 Contamination with Pathogens 320 Irradiation Treatment of Nuts 323 Insect Disinfestation 323 Molds and Aflatoxins 324 Pathogen Inactivation 325 Chemical and Sensory: Irradiation Can Catalyze or Induce Lipid Peroxidation, and Lipid and/or Protein Radiolysis 325 Nonoxidative Radiolytic Reactions 329 Effect of Irradiation on Nut Allergenicity 329 Advantages of Using Irradiation to Treat Nuts 330 Research Needs 330 References 331 Chapter 18 Irradiation of Seafood with a Particular Emphasis on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat Products 337 Denise M. Foley Introduction 338 Listeria monocytogenes Is a Significant Contaminant of Seafood 338 Stress Adaptation of the Organism 339 Irradiation Is an Effective Postprocessing Treatment for Fish Products 340 Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Changes of Irradiated Seafood 344 Competing Microflora 345 Comments Regarding Irradiation and the Risk for Botulism 346 Conclusion 346 References 346 Chapter 19 Ionizing Radiation of Eggs 351 Ignacio Alvarez, Brendan A. Niemira, Xuetong Fan, and Christopher H. Sommers Introduction 352 Ionizing Radiation of Shell Eggs 353 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Shell Eggs 353 Internal Quality of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 356 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Ionizing Radiation of Refrigerated Liquid Egg 359 Ionizing Radiation of LWE 359 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg White 361 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg Yolk 362 Ionizing Radiation of Dried Egg 363 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Dried Egg 363 Quality of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 364 Ionizing Radiation of Frozen Egg 365 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Frozen Egg 365 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Strategies to Increase the Quality of Irradiated Egg Products 366 Areas for Future Research 368 Conclusion 369 Acknowledgments 370 References 370 Chapter 20 Irradiated Ground Beef for the National School Lunch Program 373 Xuetong Fan Introduction 374 Foodborne Illnesses in School 374 Regulatory Allowance and Specifications of Irradiated Foods for Schools 376 Sensory Properties of Irradiated Ground Beef 378 Conclusion 382 Acknowledgments 383 References 383 Chapter 21 Potential Applications of Ionizing Radiation 385 Ju-Woon Lee, Jae-Hun Kim, Yohan Yoon, Cheorun Jo, and Myung-Woo Byun Introduction 386 Reduction of Food Allergies by Ionizing Radiation 386 Volatile N-nitrosamine and Residual Nitrite Reduction 387 Biogenic Amines Reduction 390 Reduction of Phytic Acid and Increase in Antioxidant Activity 391 Chlorophyll b Breakdown 393 Color Improvement of Plant Extracts without Change of Biological Functions 393 Control of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula 394 Use of Irradiation to Control Food-Related Bacteria in Meat Products 394 Application of Irradiation for Sea Food Safety 396 Use of Irradiation on Fresh Produces and Dairy Products 396 Application of Irradiation for the Development of Traditional Fermented Foods 397 Use of Boiled Extracts from Cooking 398 Improvement of Nutritional Conditions and Food Quality by Irradiation 399 Conclusion 399 Acknowledgments 399 References 400 Chapter 22 A Future Uncertain: Food Irradiation From a Legal Perspective 407 Denis W. Stearns Introduction 408 Liability for the Manufacture of a Defective Food Product 409 The Origins of Strict Liability in Tainted Food Cases 409 The Modern Rule of Strict Liability 410 Defining Products and Defects 410 Proving the Existence of a Defect in Food 411 Strict Liability Creates Few If Any Legal Incentives in Favor of Food Irradiation 412 A Possible Existing Legal Duty to Use Irradiated Food: The Challenge of Highly Susceptible Populations 414 Negligence: Failing to Avoid a Known and Avoidable Risk 414 The Eggshell Plaintiff: Irradiation, Liability, and Susceptible Populations 416 The Prospect of Punitive Damages as a Stronger Incentive 417 The Possibility of Liability Arising from Irradiated Foods 418 Conclusion 419 Notes 420 Chapter 23 Technical Challenges and Research Directions in Electronic Food Pasteurization 425 Suresh D. Pillai, Les Braby, and Joe Maxim Introduction 426 Target Pathogens 427 Enteric Viruses 427 Protozoan Pathogens 428 Bacterial Pathogens 428 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 428 Chemical Environment 428 Standardized Protocols 429 Electronic Pasteurization in Conjunction with Microbial Risk Assessment 430 Low Dose Electronic Pasteurization and Dosimetry 431 Product Packaging 431 Electronic Pasteurization of Complex-Shaped Packages 432 Acknowledgments 433 References 433 Index 435
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Flowering Plant Embryology
Book Synopsis* Details the study of structures and processes involved in sexual reproduction in plants * Focuses on economically important species * Presents research and hypotheses with the added benefit of definition of technical terms.Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Stamen and Androecium. 3. Pollen Development—Theme and Variations. 4. Pollen Development—Details of Stages. 5. Carpel and Gynoecium. 6. Ovule and Embryo Sac. 7. Pollination and Pollen-Stigma Interaction. 8. Pollen Germination, pollen Tube Growth, and Double Fertilization. 9. Endosperm. 10. The Embryo
£121.46
University of Minnesota Press Improper Life Technology and Biopolitics from
Book SynopsisHow biopolitics can get beyond its obsession with deathTrade Review"Broadening biopower beyond its Nazi encampments in order to build a critique of liberalism, Timothy C. Campbell argues that modern politics captures life through invasive technologies of communication and consumption that promise protection from mortality, disability, boredom, and loneliness. Campbell links mass media and bioengineering to the birth of a global petty bourgeoisie defined by a terrifying lack of distance and the relentless dismantling of community. This compelling, powerfully argued book should be read by anyone interested in the futures of collective life in the age of smart bombs and cloud computing." —Julia Reinhard Lupton, author of Thinking with Shakespeare: Essays on Politics and LifeTable of ContentsContentsPreface: Bíos between Thanatos and Technē1. Divisions of the Proper: Heidegger, Technology, and the Biopolitical2. The Dispositifs of Thanatopolitics: Improper Writing and Life 3. Barely Breathing: Sloterdijk’s Immunitary Biopolitics4. Practicing Bíos: Attention and Play as TechnēNotesIndex
£19.79
Fordham University Press Science Reason Modernity
Book SynopsisScience, Reason, Modernity: Readings for an Anthropology of the Contemporary provides an introduction to a legacy of philosophical and social scientific thinking about sciences, and their integral role in shaping modernities, a legacy that has contributed to a specifically anthropological form of inquiry.Trade Review"Science, Reason, Modernity offers an introduction to an anthropological engagement with the epistemologies, the ethical possibilities and limitations, and the practical impact of the sciences-one that has no real precedent and stands as an important and generative alternative to the analytical frameworks that prevail in contemporary science and technology studies." -- -James Faubion Rice UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction: Contemporary Equipment for Anthropological Problems of Modern Sciences Anthony Stavrianakis, Gaymon Bennett, and Lyle Fearnley I. Problems What Is Enlightenment? Immanuel Kant Science as a Vocation Max Weber Reconstruction as Seen Twenty-five Years Later John Dewey What Is Enlightenment? Michel Foucault II. Historical Problematizations The "Trial" of Theoretical Curiosity Hans Blumenberg Justifications of Curiosity as Preparation for the Enlightenment Hans Blumenberg The Question of Normality in the History of Biological Thought Georges Canguilhem The Living and Its Milieu Georges Canguilhem III. Ethics: Truth and Subjectivity The Hermeneutics of the Subject Michel Foucault The Courage of the Truth Michel Foucault Anthropos Today: Reflections on Modern Equipment Paul Rabinow Notes Index
£26.59
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Mechanisms in Plant Development
Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate courses in plant development, this book explains how the cells of a plant acquire and maintain their specific fates.Trade Review'In this new book, Leyser and Day provide a comprehensive overview of plant developmental biology that presents a diversity of developmental strategies whilst carefully distilling the basic principles and mechanisms involved. Its strengths are its breadth, clarity and up to date discussion of developmental studies and concepts. ...Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant development has exploded in the last decade, and this book provides an outstanding and much needed review and synthesis. Whilst primarily directed at higher-level undergraduates, it should be accessible and informative to scientists at all levels. Though the field of plant development is rapidly advancing, this book's strength in highlighting fundamental developmental concepts and principles make it a must have for any student of developmental biology.' David Jackson, Cold Spring Harbor, BSDB Newsletter "....worth a library or scientist's investment. It is easy to read, thorough and offers additional points of access to the scientific literature that a student will find useful. It would serve as an excellent supplementary text for a library collection, or as a refresher text for a graduate student in botany." E-Streams, Vol 6, No 1, January 2003 "In each instance the authors employ a number of specific 'case studies' that trace resesarch in the area from the basic anatomy and physiology to more recent molecular investigations. ...The text is clearly written and well referenced. It should be useful to students who are getting started in this dynamic field." Choice, Vol 40, No 8, April 2003 "... a very timely and authoritative documentation of modern plant developmental biology and highly recommend it for advanced graduate and postgraduate students and also scientists interested in this topic." Martin Huelskamp, Universitat Koln, BioEssays, April 2004 "This is a 'must-have' volume for any scientist with even a peripheral interest in plant development. Leyser and Day have provided a welcome addition for anyone looking for an up-to-date book for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate course in plant development." Clive Edwards, Ohio State University for the Quaterly Review of Biology, March-May 2003Table of ContentsPreface, viii Introduction, IX Sources for Figures, xi Chapter 1: An introduction to flowering plants, 1 Alternation of generations, 1 Gametophyte development, 1 Development of the sporophyte, 3 Further reading, 18 Chapter 2: Characteristics of plant development, 19 Plant cells, 19 Larger patterns, 24 Theoretical framework for the study of developmental mechanisms, 26 Conclusions, 27 Further reading, 27 Chapter 3: Cell-intrinsic information, 29 Lineage, 29 Case study 3.1: Laser ablation of cells in the Arabidopsis root tip, 34 Case study 3.2: Green–white–green periclinal chimeras, 36 Case study 3.3: Mutations affecting division patterns, 39 Relationship between age and position, 43 Case study 3.4: Mutations affecting the rate of leaf initiation in Arabidopsis, 44 Conclusions, 46 Further reading, 46 Chapter 4: Primary axis development, 48 Embryonic axes, 48 Case study 4.1: Longitudinal axis of the Fucus embryo, 49 Case study 4.2: Longitudinal axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 54 Case study 4.3: Radial axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 64 Conclusions, 71 Further reading, 71 Chapter 5: Axis development in the leaf and flower, 74 Leaves, 74 Case study 5.1: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the leaf, 75 Case study 5.2: Proximodistal axis of the leaf, 84 Case study 5.3: Determinate nature of leaf development, 87 Flowers, 91 Case study 5.4: Radial axis of the flower, 92 Case study 5.5: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the Antirrhinum flower, 100 Conclusions, 104 Further reading, 105 Chapter 6: Position relative to a particular cell, tissue or organ, 110 Case study 6.1: The pattern of trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf, 111 Case study 6.2: The pattern of root hairs in Arabidopsis, 116 Case study 6.3: Phyllotaxy, 123 Case study 6.4: Coordination of leaf and vascular development, 131 Conclusions, 134 Further reading, 134 Chapter 7: Light, 138 Light perception, 138 Developmental responses to light, 143 Case study 7.1: Light-induced germination, 143 Case study 7.2: Seedling etiolation and photomorphogenesis, 146 Case study 7.3: Shade escape, 151 Case study 7.4: Phototropism, 154 Case study 7.5: Photoperiodic control of flowering, 156 Conclusions, 161 Further reading, 161 Chapter 8: Environmental information other than light, 165 Case study 8.1: Gravitropism, 165 Case study 8.2: Thigmomorphogenesis, 172 Case study 8.3: Effects of uneven nutrient supply on root development, 177 Case study 8.4: Vernalization, 180 Conclusions, 186 Further reading, 186 Chapter 9: The coordination of development, 190 Case study 9.1: Initiation and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, 191 Case study 9.2: Transition from embryonic to post-embryonic development, 200 Case study 9.3: Phase transitions in post-germination development, 203 Case study 9.4: Shoot branching, 213 Conclusions, 219 Further reading, 220 Chapter 10: A comparison of plant and animal development, 224 Control of cell fate, 225 Development of pattern, 226 Consequences of autotrophy versus heterotrophy, 229 Conclusions, 230 Further reading, 230 Index, 233
£61.70
University Press of New England Truck On Rebuilding a Wornout Pickup and Other
Book SynopsisA personal and transformative journey into mechanical intricacy and philosophical inquiry.
£15.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications
Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15. Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1. Introduction 1 Brief History 1 Runoff Mechanisms 3 Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology 4 Objective and Scope of this Work 5 2. Basic Porous Media Hydraulics 7 Capillary Properties of Soil Water 7 Porous Media 9 Darcy's Law 12 Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media 13 Steady Flow Soil Water Relations 14 Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics 18 3. Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics 25 Introduction 25 Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake 27 Infiltration: Vertical Flow 31 Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow 34 Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics 36 4. A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow 41 Introduction 41 Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation' 43 Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation 46 Required Forms for Soil Characteristics 49 Solution of the Integrable Form 55 Discussion and Summary 60 5. Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation 63 Introduction 63 Absorption 65 Infiltration 73 Stability of Flux-ConcentrationR elation 85 6. Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application 97 Introduction 97 Timing of Pending 98 Time Explicit Approximations 108 Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns 114 7. Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases 119 Introduction 119 Redistribution and Reinfiltration 119 Layered Soils 122 8. Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters 135 Introduction 135 Drip Infiltrometers 136 Ring Infiltrometers 138 Permeameters 141 9. Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope 159 Introduction 159 General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction 160 Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses 162 Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff 164 Appendices 185 I. Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation 185 II. Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow 187 III. Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation 190 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 199 References 203 Index 211
£75.56
Wiley Soil and Groundwater Contamina
Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 17. Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are frequently found as soil and groundwater contaminants. Highly toxic even in small volumes, NAPLs can pose a threat to human health and damage surface and subsurface ecosystems. In this book, we clarify the complex phenomena of NAPL migration and offer insight into the behavior of NAPLs at sites undergoing monitoring and remediation. Contents include discussion on: Principles of NAPL behavior in the subsurface, including flow, transfer of components to water and gas phases, and transport Migration and distribution Site characterization and monitoring Remediation methods, including hydraulic removal, pump and treat, and soil vapor extraction Further discussion on gaps in our understanding of NAPLs at the field scale along with a thorough tutorial approach and supplemental CD, make thi
£52.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thinking about Answers
Book SynopsisIn this important book, the authors explore what answers mean in relation to how people understand the world around them and communicate with one another. They offer practical and theoretical insights that will prove invaluable when developing questionnaires.Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Methods for Determining Cognitive Processes and Questionnaire Problems. 3. Answering a Survey Question: Cognitive and Communicative Processes. 4. Psychological Sources of Context Effects in Survey Measurement. 5. The Direction of Context Effects: What Determines Assimilation or Contrast in Attitude Measurement. 6. Order Effects Within a Question: Presenting Categorical Response Alternatives. 7. Autobiographical Memory. 8. Event Dating. 9. Counting and Estimation. 10. Proxy Reporting. 11. Implications for Questionnaire Design and the Conceptualization of the Survey Interview.
£54.00
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 35
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.The series issponsored by the American Society for Horticultural Science andappears in the form of one or two volumes per year.Table of ContentsContributors ix 1. Dedication: Molly M. Jahn Plant Breeder and Geneticist 1 I. L. Goldman I. Biographical Sketch 1 II. Research Program 5 III. Teaching 7 IV. Administration 7 V. Awards and Recognition 9 VI. The Woman 9 Literature Cited 10 Selected Publications of Molly M. Jahn 10 Germplasm Releases and Patents 16 2. History, Evolution, and Domestication of Brassica Crops 19 Shyam Prakash, Xiao-Ming Wu, and S. R. Bhat I. Introduction 21 II. Archetypes and Evolution of Basic Genomes and Derived Allopolyploids 25 III. Ethnobotany, Origin, and Domestication 36 IV. Concluding Remarks 67 Acknowledgments 70 Literature Cited 71 3. Melon Landraces of India: Contributions and Importance 85 Narinder P. S. Dhillon_, Antonio J. Monforte, Michel Pitrat, Sudhakar Pandey, Praveen Kumar Singh, Kathleen R. Reitsma, Jordi Garcia-Mas, Abhishek Sharma, and James D. McCreight I. Introduction 88 II. First Contribution of Indian Melon Germplasm to the U.S. Melon Breeding Programs 90 III. Useful Traits from Indian Melons 92 IV. Genetic Diversity 120 V. Melon Breeding 123 VI. Future Role of Indian Melon Germplasm and Conclusions 130 Acknowledgments 133 Literature Cited 133 4. Transgenic Vegetable Crops: Progress, Potentials, and Prospects 151 João Silva Dias and Rodomiro Ortiz I. World Vegetable Production 153 II. Case for Transgenic Vegetables 154 III. Case Studies 164 IV. GM Vegetables and Integrated Pest Management 218 V. Outlook 221 Literature Cited 224 5. Millets: Genetic and Genomic Resources 247 Sangam Dwivedi, Hari Upadhyaya, Senapathy Senthilvel, Charles Hash, Kenji Fukunaga, Xiamin Diao, Dipak Santra, David Baltensperger, and Manoj Prasad I. Introduction 251 II. Nutritional Quality and Food, Feed, Medicinal, and Other Uses 269 III. Domestication, Phylogenetic, and Genomic Relationships 277 IV. Assessing Patterns of Diversity in Germplasm Collections 284 V. Identifying Germplasm with Beneficial Traits 300 VI. Genomic Resources 316 VII. Enhancing Use of Germplasm in Cultivar Development 321 VIII. From Trait Genetics to Association Mapping to Cultivar Development Using Genomics 332 IX. Conclusions and Future Prospects 344 Acknowledgments 347 Literature Cited 347 Subject Index 377 Cumulative Subject Index 379 Cumulative Contributor Index 401 ??
£206.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Temperature and Plant Development
Book SynopsisTemperature and Plant Development provides a detailed analysis of the role of temperature fluctuations and stressors in plant development. Renowned experts in plant biology outline plant adaptation to high and low temperature stress, whole plant psychological adaptations, and temperature-regulated gene networks.Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xiii 1 Temperature sensing in plants 1 Steven Penfield and Dana MacGregor 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Passive and active temperature responses in plants 1 1.3 Temperature sensing during transcriptional regulation 3 1.4 Sensing cold: A role for plasma membrane calcium channels in plants 8 1.5 A role for membrane fluidity as an upstream temperature sensor? 11 1.6 Temperature sensing by proteins 12 1.7 Summary 14 2 Plant acclimation and adaptation to cold environments 19 Bob Baxter 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Chilling and freezing injury 20 2.3 Freezing avoidance and tolerance at the structural and physiological level 21 2.4 Freezing tolerance 26 2.5 Cold deacclimation (dehardening) and reacclimation (rehardening) 32 2.6 Spatial and temporal considerations of plant responses to low temperature 34 2.7 The survival of cold and freezing stress in a changing climate 38 2.8 Plant cold acclimation and adaptation in an agricultural context 42 2.9 Summary 42 3 Plant acclimation and adaptation to warm environments 49 Martijn van Zanten, Ralph Bours, Thijs L. Pons, and Marcel C.G. Proveniers 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Implications of high temperature for agriculture and natural ecosystems 51 3.3 Temperature perception and signaling pathways 52 3.4 Photosynthesis 53 3.5 Respiration and carbon balance 57 3.6 Growth and allocation of biomass 58 3.7 Architectural changes in response to high temperature 58 3.8 Hormonal regulation of thermotolerance 62 3.9 Functional implications of plant architectural changes to high temperature 63 3.10 Interactions between drought and high temperature 64 3.11 Carbohydrate status control of plant acclimation to high temperature 65 3.12 Thermoperiodic effects on plant growth and architecture 66 3.13 High-temperature effects on the floral transition 68 4 Vernalization: Competence to flower provided by winter 79 Dong-Hwan Kim and Sibum Sung 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis 80 4.3 The molecular mechanism of vernalization 84 4.4 Resetting of FLC repression during meiosis 88 4.5 Vernalization in other plant species 89 4.6 Concluding remarks 91 5 Temperature and light signal integration 97 Harriet G. McWatters, Gabriela Toledo-Ortiz, and Karen J. Halliday 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Convergence points for light and temperature sensing 101 5.3 Phytochrome-Interacting Factors as signal integrators 102 5.4 ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5): A cool operator 105 5.5 Light and temperature converge at the circadian oscillator 107 5.6 Photoperiodic and thermal control of flowering 113 5.7 Light-dependent circadian gating of cold-acclimation responses 115 5.8 Temperature and light regulation of cell membrane fatty acid composition 117 5.9 Concluding thoughts: Implications for a changing future 118 6 Temperature and the circadian clock 131 Kathleen Greenham and C. Robertson McClung 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Temperature compensation 136 6.3 Temperature entrainment 142 6.4 Cold tolerance 146 6.5 Splicing 150 6.6 Concluding remarks 151 7 Temperature and plant immunity 163 Jian Hua 7.1 Introduction 163 7.2 Plant immunity 164 7.3 Temperature effects on plant disease resistance 167 7.4 The molecular basis for temperature sensitivity in plant immunity 170 7.5 Evolution of the temperature sensitivity of immunity 174 7.6 Concluding remarks 176 8 Temperature, climate change, and global food security 181 Robert J. Redden, Jerry L. Hatfield, P.V. Vara Prasad, Andreas W. Ebert, Shyam S. Yadav, and Garry J. O’Leary 8.1 Introduction 181 8.2 Climate change on a global basis 181 8.3 The impact of temperature on crop water relations 183 8.4 The influence of high temperature on crop physiology and yield processes 186 8.5 The interaction of climate change factors on crop development 188 8.6 The impact of global climate change on food quality and plant nutrient demand 190 8.7 Breeding high-temperature stress tolerance using crop wild relatives 190 8.8 Global food production and food security 191 8.9 Crop nutritional content 194 8.10 Discussion 196 8.11 Conclusions 197 Index 203 Color plate section is located between pages 130 and 131.
£166.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fiesers Reagents for Organic Synthesis Volume 27
Book SynopsisThe highly successful Fieser & Fieser series has provided several generations of professional chemists and students with an timely survey of the reagent literature. Providing an up-to-date, A-to-Z listing of reagents cited in synthetic literature, Fiesers'' Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 27 encompasses chemical literature from the end of 2009 to the end of 2011. Listed by common name, each entry feature a concise description, illustrations of chemical reactions, selected examples of applications, how to make it or buy it, what it is good for, and where to find complete details.Table of ContentsPreface vii Foreword ix General Abbreviations xi Reference Abbreviations xv Reagents 1 Author Index 527 Subject Index 618
£128.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Shelf Life Shelf Life
Book SynopsisShelf life, a term recognised in EU/UK food legislation, may be defined as the period of time for which a food product will remain safe and fit for use, provided that it is kept in defined storage conditions. During this period, the product should retain its desired sensory, chemical, physical, functional and microbiological characteristics, as well as accurately comply with any nutritional information printed on the label. ?Shelf life? therefore refers to a number of different aspects; each food product has a microbiological shelf life, a chemical shelf life, and a sensory (or organoleptic) shelf life. These categories reflect the different ways in which a food product will deteriorate over time. Ultimately the shelf life of a food product is intended to reflect the overall effect of these different aspects. Shelf life has always been an important facet of industrial food preparation and production, as food and drink are often produced in one area and then distributed Table of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition ix Preface to the First Edition xi Section 1 Introduction to shelf life of foods – Frequently asked questions 1 1.1 What is shelf life? 1 1.2 Why are food safety and shelf life related? 2 1.3 Who should be interested in shelf life of foods? 5 1.4 Who is responsible for determining shelf life? 6 1.5 Is it illegal to give a wrong shelf life to a food product? 7 1.6 How long a shelf life should my product have? 10 1.7 What is accelerated shelf life testing? 12 1.8 What are the resources required for determining shelf life? 15 1.9 How is the end of shelf life normally decided? 16 1.10 How do we ensure that the shelf lives established for our products are accurate and reproducible? 17 1.11 Can mathematical/computer models help in shelf life determinations? 20 1.12 What is challenge testing? 30 1.13 Can the shelf life of my product be extended? 31 1.14 How are storage tests and trials set up for determining shelf life? 36 1.14.1 Objective of the storage trial 36 1.14.2 Storage conditions 36 1.14.3 Samples for storage trials 37 1.14.4 Sampling schedule 38 1.14.5 Shelf life tests 38 1.15 Food waste and shelf life: What is the problem? 39 1.16 Summary 40 Section 2 The ways food deteriorates and spoils 41 2.1 Mechanisms of food deterioration and spoilage 41 2.1.1 Physical changes and mechanisms 41 2.1.2 Chemical and/or biochemical changes 46 2.1.3 Light‐induced changes 57 2.1.4 Microbiological changes 58 2.2 Factors influencing the shelf life of foods 62 2.2.1 Intrinsic factors 62 2.2.2 Extrinsic factors 71 2.2.3 Interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic factors 76 2.2.4 Consumer handling and use 76 2.2.5 Commercial considerations 77 2.3 Summary 77 Section 3 Determining shelf life in practice 79 3.1 Case study 1 – chilled recipe dish 79 3.1.1 The product 79 3.1.2 The process 79 3.1.3 Food safety 80 3.1.4 Mechanism(s) of shelf life deterioration 81 3.1.5 Shelf life determination – storage trials 81 3.1.6 Predicting shelf life 82 3.1.7 Assurance of assigned shelf life – the HACCP approach 82 3.2 Case study 2 – savoury potato snack 83 3.2.1 The product 83 3.2.2 The process 83 3.2.3 Food safety 83 3.2.4 Mechanism(s) of shelf life deterioration 84 3.2.5 Shelf life determination – storage trials 85 3.2.6 Assurance of assigned shelf life – the HACCP approach 86 3.3 Case study 3 – carbonated soft drink 86 3.3.1 The product 86 3.3.2 The process 87 3.3.3 Food safety 88 3.3.4 Mechanism(s) of shelf life determination 88 3.3.5 Shelf life determination – storage trials 88 3.3.6 Assurance of assigned shelf life – the HACCP approach 89 3.4 Case study 4 – condiment sauce 91 3.4.1 The product 91 3.4.2 The process 91 3.4.3 Food safety 91 3.4.4 Mechanism(s) of shelf life deterioration 91 3.4.5 Shelf life determination – storage trials 93 3.4.6 Assurance of assigned shelf life – the HACCP approach 94 3.5 Case study 5 – frozen baked cake 95 3.5.1 The product 95 3.5.2 The process 95 3.5.3 Food safety 95 3.5.4 Mechanisms(s) of shelf life deterioration 95 3.5.5 Shelf life determination – storage trials 96 3.5.6 Assurance of assigned shelf life – the HACCP approach 97 3.6 Summary 98 Epilogue 101 Appendix A: The Arrhenius model 109 Appendix B: The CIMSCEE formulae for microbiological safety and stability 111 References 115 Index 131
£47.45
John Wiley and Sons Ltd HACCP
Book SynopsisReaders of this accessible book now in a revised and updated new edition are taken on a conceptual journey which passes every milestone and important feature of the HACCP landscape at a pace which is comfortable and productive. The information and ideas contained in the book will enable food industry managers and executives to take their new-found knowledge into the workplace for use in the development and implementation of HACCP systems appropriate for their products and manufacturing processes. The material is structured so that the reader can quickly assimilate the essentials of the topic. Clearly presented, this HACCP briefing includes checklists, bullet points, flow charts, schematic diagrams for quick reference, and at the start of each section the authors have provided useful key points summary boxes. HACCP: a Food Industry Briefing is an introductory-level text for readers who are unfamiliar with the subject either because they have never come across it or beTable of ContentsDisclaimer ix Preface xi Section 1 Introduction to HACCP 1 Frequently asked questions 2 1.1 What is HACCP? 2 1.2 Where did it come from? 2 1.3 How does it work? 3 1.4 What are the seven HACCP principles? 3 1.5 Is it difficult to use? 4 1.6 Why use it? 4 1.7 What type of company would use HACCP? 5 1.8 Are there any common misconceptions? 9 1.9 How do we know HACCP works? 10 1.10 What actually gets implemented in the workplace? 11 1.11 How does a HACCP plan get written? 11 1.12 Who carries out the HACCP study? 12 1.13 What is the regulatory position of HACCP? 12 1.14 Are there other driving forces for the use of HACCP? 14 1.15 What does it cost? 15 1.16 What is third]party certification? 16 1.17 Is there anything more that I should know? 16 Section 2 The HACCP system explained 17 2.1 HACCP system overview – How does it all fit together? 18 2.2 HACCP in the context of other management systems – What is HACCP and what is not? 21 2.2.1 Business management practices 22 2.2.2 Prerequisite programmes 25 2.2.3 Quality management systems for effective operation and process control 29 2.3 How do you get started with HACCP – The preparation and planning stage 32 2.3.1 Management commitment, personnel and training 33 2.3.2 Baseline audit 36 2.3.3 Planning the HACCP project 37 Section 3 HACCP in practice 41 3.1 Preparation for the HACCP plan development 42 3.1.1 Terms of reference 43 3.1.2 Describe the product and intended use 45 3.1.3 Construction and validation of a process flow diagram 49 3.2 Applying the principles 50 3.2.1 Principle 1: Conduct a hazard analysis – What can go wrong? 50 3.2.2 Principle 2: Determine the Critical Control Points (CCPs) – At what stage in the process is control essential? 62 3.2.3 Principle 3: Establish critical limit(s) – What criteria must be met to ensure product safety? 68 3.2.4 Principle 4: Establish a system to monitor control of the CCP – What checks will indicate thatsomething is going wrong? 69 3.2.5 Principle 5: Establish the corrective action to be taken when monitoring indicates that a particular CCP is not under control – If something does go wrong what action needs to be taken? 73 3.2.6 Principle 6: Establish procedures for verification to confirm that the HACCP system is workingeffectively – How can you make sure that the system is working in practice? 75 3.2.7 Principle 7: Establish appropriate documentation concerning all procedures and records appropriateto those principles and their application – How can you demonstrate (if challenged) that the system works? 79 3.3 Implementation of the HACCP plan 82 3.4 Maintenance of the HACCP system 87 3.5 Third]party certification of food safety management systems 89 3.6 Conclusion 89 Epilogue 91 Appendix A: Case study: Chilled and frozen cheesecake production 103 Appendix B: Acronyms and glossary 153 References 159 HACCP Resources 161 Index 165
£37.00
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Writing Scientific Research Articles
Book SynopsisThis book shows scientists how to apply their analysis and synthesis skills to overcoming the challenge of how to write, as well as what to write, to maximise their chances of publishing in international scientific journals. The book uses analysis of the scientific article genre to provide clear processes for writing each section of a manuscript, starting with clear story' construction and packaging of results. Each learning step uses practical exercises to develop writing and data presentation skills based on reader analysis of well-written example papers. Strategies are presented for responding to referee comments, and for developing discipline-specific English language skills for manuscript writing and polishing. The book is designed for scientists who use English as a first or an additional language, and for individual scientists or mentors or a class setting. In response to reader requests, the new edition includes review arTrade Review“This volume will be useful for upper-level undergraduates, ESL students, and graduate students who need assistance in writing for publication. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and graduate students.” (Choice, 1 November 2013) “As was the case with its predecessor, the second edition of Writing Scientific Research Articles will be of most value to early-career scientists with little writing experience. It should also be read by research scientists who do not have English as their first language. The book could also serve as a refresher in scientific writing for experienced scientists, and it contains a lot of sound advice that should be heeded by English-speaking researchers.” (Aquaculture International, 1 August 2013)"I liked many aspects of this book. The text is well written and easy to read, as you would hope with a book on writing. The tone is formal, and I had no trouble imagining the authors presenting the material in a series of lectures." ( Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada 2013)Table of ContentsPreface to the second edition ix Preface to the first edition xi Section 1: A framework for success 1 1 How the book is organized, and why 3 1.1 Getting started with writing for international publication 3 1.2 Publishing in the international literature 4 1.3 What do you need to know to select your target journal? 6 1.4 Aims of this book 7 1.5 How the book is structured 8 2 Research article structures 11 2.1 Conventional article structures: AIMRaD (Abstract, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, and Discussion) and its variations 11 3 Reviewers’ criteria for evaluating manuscripts 17 3.1 Titles as content signposts 18 Section 2: When and how to write each article section 21 4 Results as a “story”: the key driver of an article 23 5 Results: turning data into knowledge 25 5.1 Figure, table, or text? 26 5.2 Designing figures 26 5.3 Designing tables 29 5.4 Figure legends and table titles 31 6 Writing about results 33 6.1 Structure of Results sections 33 6.2 Functions of Results sentences 34 6.3 Verb tense in Results sections 34 7 The Methods section 37 7.1 Purpose of the Methods section 37 7.2 Organizing Methods sections 38 7.3 Use of passive and active verbs 39 8 The Introduction 43 8.1 Argument stages towards a compelling Introduction 43 8.2 Stage 1: Locating your project within an existing field of scientific research 43 8.3 Using references in Stages 2 and 3 47 8.4 Avoiding plagiarism when using others’ work 50 8.5 Indicating the gap or research niche 51 8.6 Stage 4: The statement of purpose or main activity 52 8.7 Stages 5 and 6: Highlighting benefit and mapping the article 52 8.8 Suggested process for drafting an Introduction 53 8.9 Editing for logical flow 54 9 The Discussion section 59 9.1 Important structural issues 59 9.2 Information elements to highlight the key messages 60 9.3 Negotiating the strength of claims 62 10 The title 65 10.1 Strategy 1: Provide as much relevant information as possible, but be concise 65 10.2 Strategy 2: Use keywords prominently 65 10.3 Strategy 3: Choose strategically: noun phrase, statement, or question? 66 10.4 Strategy 4: Avoid ambiguity in noun phrases 67 11 The Abstract 69 11.1 Why Abstracts are so important 69 11.2 Selecting additional keywords 69 11.3 Abstracts: typical information elements 69 12 Writing review articles 73 12.1 What editors want to publish 75 12.2 The “take-home-message” of a review 75 12.3 The structure of review articles 83 12.4 Visual elements in review articles: tables, figures, and boxes 84 12.5 Checklist for review article manuscripts 86 12.6 Submission and revision of review articles 86 Section 3: Getting your manuscript published 89 13 Submitting a manuscript 91 13.1 Five practices of successful authors 91 13.2 Understanding the peer-review process 92 13.3 Understanding the editor’s role 93 13.4 The contributor’s covering letter 93 13.5 Understanding the reviewer’s role 94 13.6 Understanding the editor’s role (continued) 97 14 How to respond to editors and reviewers 99 14.1 Rules of thumb 99 14.2 How to deal with manuscript rejection 99 14.3 How to deal with “conditional acceptance” or “revise and resubmit” 101 15 A process for preparing a manuscript 109 15.1 Initial preparation steps 109 15.2 Editing procedures 110 15.3 A pre-review checklist 113 Section 4: Developing your writing and publication skills further 115 16 Skill-development strategies for groups and individuals 117 16.1 Journal clubs 117 16.2 Writing groups 118 16.3 Selecting feedback strategies for different purposes 118 16.4 Becoming a reviewer 120 16.5 Training for responding to reviewers 121 17 Developing discipline-specific English skills 123 17.1 Introduction 123 17.2 Error types and editor expectations of language use 123 17.3 Strategic (and acceptable!) language re-use: sentence templates 125 17.4 More about noun phrases 128 17.5 Concordancing: a tool for developing your discipline-specific English 129 17.6 Using the English articles (a/an, the) appropriately in science writing 133 17.7 Using “which” and “that” 136 18 Writing funding proposals 139 18.1 Introduction 139 18.2 A process for preparing and submitting a funding proposal 140 18.3 Easy mistakes to make 143 Section 5: Provided example articles 145 19 PEA1: Kaiser et al. (2003) 147 20 PEA2: Britton-Simmons and Abbott (2008) 159 21 PEA3: Ganci et al. (2012) 171 Answer pages 185 Appendix: Measures of journal impact and quality 213 A.1 Journal impact 213 A.2 Using indices of journal quality 214 References 217 Index 219
£20.85
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Horticultural Reviews Volume 41
Book SynopsisThis latest volume in the Horticultural Reviews Series presents the most recent analyses of innovations in horticultural science and technology. Covering both basic and applied research, Volume 41 incorporates a wide variety of horticultural topics including the horticulture of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamentals. Specialized researchers and the broader community of horticultural scientists and student may benefit from this research tool.Table of ContentsContributors ix Dedication: Philipp W. Simon xiiIrwin Goldman 1. Circadian Regulation of Horticultural Traits: Integration of Environmental Signals 1Marcos Egea-Cortines, Fabiola Ruiz-Ramon, and Julia Weiss I. Introduction 2 II. General Structure of the Plant Circadian Clock 3 III. Environmental Inputs 10 IV. Control of Plant Growth and Morphogenesis 13 V. Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stress 29 VI. Summary and Conclusions 33 Acknowledgments 34 Literature Cited 34 2. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops to Climate Change 47D. Michael Glenn, Soo-Hyung Kim, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, and Peter Laderach I. Introduction 51 II. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops with Abiotic Factors Associated with Climate Change 54 III. Case Studies 57 IV. Adapation 91 V. Future Research Needs 109 Acknowledgments 112 Literature Cited 112 3. Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit 131Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Umezuruike Linus Opara, Paul J. R. Cronje, Sandra Landahl, Leon A. Terry, and Bart M. Nicolay I. Introduction 133 II. Citrus Rind Disorders 134 III. Rind Anatomy and Histological Characteristics 143 IV. Causes of Physiological Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruit 145 V. Molecular and Physiological Basis of PhysiologicalRind Disorders 158 VI. Techniques for Inducing Rind Disorders 161 VII. Prospects for Future Research 162 VIII. Conclusions 164 Acknowledgments 166 Literature Cited 166 4. Fruit Splitting in Citrus 177Paul J. R. Cronje, Ockert P. J. Stander, and Karen I. Theron I. Introduction 179 II. Physiology of Citrus Fruit Splitting 183 III. Causes of Citrus Fruit Splitting 187 IV. Reducing Citrus Fruit Splitting 191 V. Conclusions 195 Acknowledgments 197 Literature Cited 197 5. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Ber Fruit 201Sunil Pareek and Elhadi M. Yahia I. Introduction 203 II. Fruit Composition and Nutritional Variability 208 III. Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Maturation and Ripening 210 IV. Preharvest Treatments to Extend Shelf Life 218 V. Postharvest Handling and Technology 220 VI. Postharvest Diseases and Disorders 227 VII. Summary and Future Prospects 229 Literature Cited 231 6. Peach Texture 241Paul Sandefur, John R. Clark, and Cameron Peace I. Introduction 243 II. Fruit Texture 245 III. Peach Texture 249 IV. Peach Flesh Types 258 V. Ripening and the Enzymatic Effects on Peach Texture 269 VI. Production and Handling Effects on Peach Texture 276 VII. Summary 285 Literature Cited 286 7. High-Density Olive Plantations 303Luis Rallo, Diego Barranco, Sergio Castro-Garcya, David J. Connor, Marya Gomez del Campo, and Pilar Rallo I. Introduction: Olive Growing in a Time of Change 305 II. Typologies of Olive Plantations 307 III. Effects of Density on Plant Performance 318 IV. Critical Factors for High-Density Orchards 325 V. Orchard Establishment Costs, Management Costs, and Economical Indices 362 VI. The Future 365 Acknowledgments 370 Literature Cited 370 8. The Carob Tree: Botany, Horticulture, and Genetic Resources 385Joan Tous, Agusti Romero, and Ignasi Batlle I. Introduction 387 II. Botany 395 III. Horticulture 407 IV. Variability and Genetic Resources 419 V. Properties and Uses 434 VI. Concluding Remarks 442 Acknowledgments 445 Literature Cited 446 9. Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany andHorticulture 457L. K. Bharathi, T. K. Behera, A. K. Sureja, K. Joseph John, and Todd C. Wehner I. Introduction 459 II. The Genus Trichosantes 459 III. Snake Gourd 467 IV. Pointed Gourd 475 V. Future Prospects 484 Literature Cited 485 Subject Index 497 Cumulative Subject Index 499 Cumulative Contributor Index 533
£187.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Genetic Modification and Food Quality
Book SynopsisThe development of recombinant DNA methods has changed the face of the food industry over the last 50 years. Crops which have been genetically modified are being cultivated in more and more countries and this process is likely to accelerate as desirable traits are identified and transferred to appropriate organisms, and they are cleared by the regulatory authorities. However, the technique has its critics who claim that modification of the genome of the plant (or animal) in this way may pose unknown and unacceptable risks to the human consumer. Genetic Modification and Food Quality: A Down to Earth Analysis is the first comprehensive text on how GM production methods influence the quality of foods and feeds, based on a complete and unbiased assessment of the scientific findings. It presents a balanced analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of gene-modified food sources in the human diet. Chapters approach the topic with regard to different food types such as cereal grains, oilseed cropTrade Review"Genetic Modification and Food Quality: A Down to Earth Analysis is the first comprehensive text on how GM production methods influence the quality of foods and feeds, based on a complete and unbiased assessment of the scientific findings. It presents a balanced analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of gene-modified food sources in the human diet." (South African Food Science and Technology July 2017)Table of Contents1 Introduction 1 2 International regulations 4 3 Microorganisms 20 4 Cereals 35 5 Oilseed crops 81 6 Fruits and vegetables 141 7 Fish and other animals 174 8 Animal products 181 9 Overall assessment of the safety of GM foods and feeds 200 10 Overall assessment of the nutritional value of GM foods and feeds 211 11 Addressing consumer issues 250 12 Overall conclusions 262 Index 271
£131.35
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Water Resources
Book SynopsisOver 7 billion people demand water from resources that the changing climate is making more and more difficult to harness. Water scarcity and shortage are increasingly common and conditions are becoming more extreme. Inadequate and inappropriate management of water is already taking its toll on the environment and on the quality of life of millions of people. Modern water professionals have a duty to develop sound water science and robust evidence to lobby and influence national and regional development policy and investment priorities. We need to be bold and brave to challenge the status quo, argue the case for change, and create a New Water Architecture. Water Resources: A New Water Architecture takes a unique approach to the challenges of water management. The stress caused by our desire to live, eat, and consume is examined in the context of Governance, the role of policy, and the commercial world. The authors share their nine-step vision for a New Water ArchitecturTrade Review"This is a well written book on a subject of ever increasing importance, it seems, at best, very unlikely that water stress will go away anytime soon and is highly recommended. I'm delighted to have it on my shelves and imagine that it might be rather well thumbed in a few years' time." Geoscientist OnlineTable of ContentsSeries Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xi Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii List of Abbreviations xix Units and Conversion xxi Glossary xxiii Part I Setting the Scene 1 1 Water Resources in the Twenty-First Century 3 1.1 A Looming Crisis 3 1.2 Human Interactions with Water in the Biosphere 4 1.3 An Inspiring Challenge 6 References 6 2 Fundamentals of Water Management 7 2.1 The Planetary Picture 7 2.1.1 The Blue Planet 7 2.1.2 Water and the Biosphere 8 2.1.3 Distinguishing between Hydrology and Water Resources 10 2.2 Evolution of Water Resource Systems 11 2.2.1 Hydroclimates and Water Resources 12 2.2.2 Mechanisms of Human Interactions with Water Fluxes 18 2.2.3 Anthropogenic Influence: The Traditional Urban Water Cycle 20 2.2.4 Anthropogenic Influence: Advancements in the Urban Water Cycle 24 2.2.5 Anthropogenic Influence: Agriculture 25 2.3 Water, Society and the Biosphere 26 2.3.1 Water and Civilisation 26 2.3.2 The Human Right to Water 27 2.3.3 Population Growth and Mobility 29 2.3.4 Disparity between Water Resources and Population 30 2.3.5 Ability to Access Local Water Resources 30 2.3.6 Different Types of Water Scarcity 32 2.3.7 Ability to Access Distant Water Resources 33 2.3.8 Modern Water Politics 33 References 37 Part II Stresses and Strains 41 3 Key Concepts 43 3.1 Water Fluxes in Space and Time 43 3.2 Mechanisms of Human Interaction with Water Fluxes 45 3.3 Water Stress and Water Scarcity 47 3.4 Virtual Water and the Water Footprint 49 3.5 Live, Eat, Consume: The Conceptual Framework of Water Stress and Virtual Water 58 References 61 4 Live 63 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Water and Energy 63 4.2.1 The Nexus of Water and Energy 63 4.2.2 Energy Use in Water Management 65 4.2.3 Water Use in Energy Production 72 4.3 Urbanisation 86 4.3.1 The Rise of the City 86 4.3.2 Peri]Urban Communities 88 4.3.3 Traditional Approaches to the Management of Urban Water Supply and Demand 90 4.3.4 Alternative Approaches to Urban Water Supply 91 4.3.5 Demand Management and the Role of Water Pricing 97 4.3.6 Using Water to Meet Urban Demands for Other Resources 100 4.3.7 Flooding in Urban Environments 102 4.3.8 Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Water Management 106 References 110 5 Eat 117 5.1 The Hidden Water in Food 118 5.1.1 How Much Water is Hidden in Food? 118 5.1.2 The Impact of Water Use in the Global Food System 120 5.2 An Increasingly Important Problem 124 5.2.1 Population Growth 124 5.2.2 Changing Diet 126 5.2.3 Food Waste 129 5.2.4 Food as a Globalised Commodity 131 5.2.5 Climate Change 133 5.3 How to Respond to the Water/Food Conundrum 135 5.3.1 Improving the Efficiency of Water Use in the Global Food System 135 5.3.2 The Importance of Consumer Education 145 5.3.3 Improve Governance of Water Use for Food Production 148 References 150 6 Consume 156 6.1 Impact of Consumerism on Water Management 156 6.1.1 Water as the Essential Economic Ingredient 156 6.1.2 Hidden Demand 157 6.2 Water Use in Industry: Which Sectors Use the Most? 158 6.3 Water Use in Industry: Which Activities Use the Most? 161 6.3.1 Agriculture: Water to Produce Non]Food Goods 161 6.3.2 Mining for Minerals 166 6.3.3 Manufacturing 169 6.4 Water Risk: Recognising the Magnitude of the Problem 170 6.5 Water Risk: Defining and Quantifying the Risk 173 6.5.1 Physical Risks 173 6.5.2 Geopolitical Risks 175 6.5.3 Reputational Risks 178 6.5.4 Social and Community Risks and Impacts 179 6.5.5 Regulatory Risks 179 6.5.6 Financial Implications of Water Risks 181 6.6 Managing Risks and Seizing Opportunities: The Path to Maturity 181 6.6.1 The Age of Taking Water for Granted 182 6.6.2 The Age of Water Reduction 184 6.6.3 The Age of Water Stewardship 186 References 190 Part III Existing Water Architecture 195 7 Existing Management of Water Resources 197 7.1 Governance 197 7.2 Structure of Water Management 198 7.3 The Role of Policy in Decision Making 201 7.4 Types of Policy and their Development 202 7.4.1 Water Policy for Domestic Supply 203 7.4.2 Water Policy for Agriculture 206 7.4.3 Water Policy for Industry 208 7.5 The Rise of Decentralisation and Consultation 209 7.6 Regulation of Water Management 210 7.6.1 Regulating Sources of Water 211 7.6.2 Regulating Drinking Water and Non]Potable Quality 214 7.6.3 Managing Demands for Water and Enforcing Best Practice 215 7.6.4 Regulating Wastewater Treatment and Disposal 216 7.6.5 Regulating Environmental Conditions 217 7.7 Regulatory Models 218 7.8 Regulatory Phases: Unregulated versus Highly Regulated 219 7.8.1 The Unregulated or Lightly Regulated Phase 220 7.8.2 The Over]Regulated Phase 221 7.8.3 The Mature Phase 222 7.9 Governance Silos 223 7.10 Breaking the Silos and Integrating Water Supply Policy 224 7.11 Evolution of Integrated Water Resource Management 227 7.12 Traditional Water Planning Responsibilities versus a Corporate-Driven ‘Water Risk’ Agenda 231 7.13 Summary 231 References 232 8 Ownership and Investment 237 8.1 Public versus Private Ownership Models 237 8.1.1 A New Era of Privatisation 238 8.1.2 A Backlash Against Privatisation 239 8.1.3 Reflections on the Public versus Private Debate 240 8.2 Investment Models and the Economics of Water Management 241 8.2.1 Current and Future Forecast Levels of Investment 241 8.2.2 Meeting Investment Needs 243 8.3 Summary 246 References 246 Part IV Moving to a New Water Architecture 249 9 Challenges and Opportunities 251 9.1 A New Water Architecture: An Introduction 251 9.2 Challenges 252 9.2.1 Stresses and Strains 252 9.2.2 Current Architecture of Water Management 254 9.3 Opportunities 255 9.3.1 Emergence of Virtual Water Concepts in Water Policy 255 9.3.2 Emergence of Multi]Stakeholder Approaches to Water Policy 257 9.3.3 Reform of Water Policy as Opportunity 258 9.4 A Systems Approach to Water Management 260 9.4.1 Principles of Systems Thinking 260 9.4.2 Integrated Management of Water at a Catchment Scale 261 9.4.3 Cyclical Management and Allocation of Water Resources 264 References 265 10 Conceptual Integration 266 10.1 Societal View of the Value of Water 267 10.1.1 The ‘Free’ Resource 267 10.1.2 Price Signals in Drinking Water Supply 267 10.1.3 Price Signals Related to Water in Food and Other Goods 268 10.2 Water as an Under-Valued Resource: The Consequences 269 10.2.1 Profligacy 269 10.2.2 Poor Water Management and Decision Making 269 10.3 Moving to Conceptual Integration 270 10.3.1 A New Appreciation of the Role and Value of Water 270 10.3.2 The Role of Water Professionals 271 References 272 11 Institutional Integration 273 11.1 Requirements for Delivering Integrated Solutions 273 11.1.1 Vertical Integration 274 11.1.2 Horizontal Integration 275 11.2 The Challenges of Delivering Integrated Solutions 276 11.2.1 The State of Play 276 11.2.2 Causes and Barriers 276 11.3 The Role of Governments 277 11.4 The Importance of Education 281 11.5 The Role of Private Organisations 283 11.6 The Importance of Knowledge Transfer and the Benefits of the Digital Revolution 285 11.7 The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations 287 11.8 How to Finance Change 287 11.9 Conclusions: Institutional Enablers 289 References 290 12 Physical Integration 293 12.1 The Need for Change 294 12.1.1 Existing Limitations 294 12.1.2 Barriers to Change 297 12.1.3 Overcoming the Barriers 298 12.2 Integrating Green and Grey Infrastructure to Slow Down Water 299 12.3 The Storage Continuum 301 12.4 Creating Hybrid Water Management Systems 305 12.4.1 The Challenge of Maintenance and Long]Term Responsibility 307 12.5 Circular Systems that Transform ‘Wastes’ to ‘Resources’ 308 12.6 Conclusions 312 References 313 13 A Way Forward 316 13.1 Conceptual Integration 316 13.2 Institutional Integration 318 13.3 Physical Integration 319 13.4 Summary 320 Index 321
£102.56
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Food Authentication
Book SynopsisThe determination of food authenticity is a vital component of quality control. Its importance has been highlighted in recent years by high-profile cases in the global supply chain such as the European horsemeat scandal and the Chinese melamine scandal which led to six fatalities and the hospitalisation of thousands of infants. As well as being a safety concern, authenticity is also a quality criterion for food and food ingredients. Consumers and retailers demand that the products they purchase and sell are what they purport to be. This book covers the most advanced techniques used for the authentication of a vast number of products around the world. The reader will be informed about the latest pertinent analytical techniques. Chapters focus on the novel techniques & markers that have emerged in recent years. An introductory section presents the concepts of food authentication while the second section examines in detail the analytical techniques for the detection of fraud relTable of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xix Part A Introduction and Status 1 1 Introduction, Definitions and Legislation 3 Demetrios G. Sotirchos, Georgios P. Danezis and Constantinos A. Georgiou 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Definitions 4 1.2.1 Food Origin 4 1.2.2 Label 4 1.2.3 Adulteration and Fraud 4 1.3 Geographical Indications 5 1.3.1 PDO, PGI, and TSG 6 1.3.2 Wines 8 1.4 Organics 11 1.5 Conclusion 14 References 14 Legislation Acts 16 2 Food Authentication by Numbers 19 Georgios P. Danezis and Constantinos A. Georgiou 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Research Trends 19 2.3 Analytical Techniques 20 2.4 Countries 22 2.5 Journals 24 References 24 Part B Consumer Attitudes Towards Authentic Food and Market Analysis 25 3 The Concept of Authenticity and its Relevance to Consumers: Country and Place Branding in the Context of Food Authenticity 27 Athanasios Krystallis 3.1 Introduction: The Challenge of Authenticity 27 3.1.1 The Origin of Authenticity and its Marketing Relevance 27 3.1.2 The Philosophy of Authenticity 29 3.2 Countries as Brands: The Country-of-Origin (COO) Effect on Product Choices 30 3.2.1 Do Places get the Reputation they Deserve? 30 3.2.2 Countries as Brands 31 3.2.3 Impact of Country Names on Attitudes Towards Products 33 3.3 Place Branding: Geographic Indication Labels and their Effect on Food Choice 42 3.3.1 Mediterranean Diet: A Typical Place Marketing Paradigm 42 3.3.2 Regulatory Initiatives of Place Branding: Designation of Origin Labelled (DOL) Food and the PDO/PGI/TSG Schemes 50 3.3.3 The Industry’s Response: Is Place Branding a Panacea? 62 3.4 Conclusion: Towards a Definiton of Authenticity in a Business Context 75 Acknowledgements 77 References 78 Part C Geographical, Botanical, and Species Origin, Method of Production and Food Frauds Detection 83 4 Elemental Fingerprinting 85 Georgios P. Danezis, Constantinos A. Papachristidis and Constantinos A. Georgiou 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Elemental Techniques 86 4.2.1 ICP‐MS 86 4.2.1.1 Operation Principle: Main Features 86 4.2.1.2 Mass Analyzers 87 4.2.1.3 Interferences 90 4.2.1.4 ICP‐MS versus Other Techniques 92 4.2.2 ICP‐AES and Other Techniques 94 4.3 Sample Preparation: Pretreatment 95 4.3.1 Digestion 95 4.3.2 Direct Solid Sampling Analysis 97 4.3.3 Sampling Problems and Remedies 97 4.3.3.1 Wines and Beverages 97 4.3.3.2 Food Waste Water 98 4.3.3.3 Vegetables and Mushrooms 98 4.3.3.4 Fruits 98 4.3.3.5 Cereals 98 4.3.3.6 Fats and Oils 98 4.3.3.7 Meat 99 4.3.3.8 Seafood 99 4.3.3.9 Dairy Products 99 4.3.3.10 Honey 99 4.4 Applications 99 4.4.1 Elemental Fingerprinting Rational and Trends 99 4.4.2 Elemental Fingerprinting Authenticates Various Food Products 101 4.4.2.1 Wines 103 4.4.2.2 Beverages 103 4.4.2.3 Fruits and Vegetables 103 4.4.2.4 Oils 104 4.4.2.5 Cereals – Pulses 105 4.4.2.6 Dairy Products 105 4.4.2.7 Meat 106 4.4.2.8 Fish and Fish Products 106 4.4.2.9 Honey 107 4.4.2.10 Coffee and Tea 107 4.4.2.11 Spices – Food Ingredients 108 4.4.2.12 Organic Foods 108 4.4.3 Chemometrics 109 4.5 Conclusions and Outlook 111 References 111 5 Isotopic Fingerprinting 117 5.1 Light Isotopes 118 Dana Alina Magdas and Gabriela Cristea 5.1.1 Introduction 118 5.1.2 Application of Stable Isotope Ratios in Food Control 119 5.1.2.1 Fruit Juices 119 5.1.2.2 Wines and Sparkling Wines 121 5.1.2.3 Mineral Waters 122 5.1.2.4 Vanilla 124 5.1.2.5 Spices 125 5.1.2.6 Fish 125 5.1.2.7 Beef 126 References 127 5.2 Heavy Isotopes 131 Andrea Marchetti, Caterina Durante and Lucia Bertacchini 5.2.1 Introduction 131 5.2.2 Quality vs. Geographical Traceability 132 5.2.3 The Isotopic Approach to Food Traceability 134 5.2.3.1 Traceability Models Based on the Use of 87Sr/86Sr 136 5.2.3.2 Mass Bias 137 5.2.3.3 Correction of the Mass‐Dependent Bias 138 5.2.4 Bioavailability 141 5.2.4.1 Applications 142 5.2.4.2 Case Study: Extra Virgin Olive Oils 147 5.2.4.2.1 Sampling and Sample Treatment 148 5.2.4.2.2 Soil Sampling and Treatment 149 5.2.4.2.3 Branch and Olive Treatment 150 5.2.4.2.4 Analytical Determination: Strontium Isotope Ratio 150 5.2.4.2.5 Instrumentation 151 5.2.4.2.6 Accuracy and Precision Evaluation 152 5.2.4.2.7 87Sr/86 Sr for Soil, Branch and Olive Samples 152 5.2.4.3 Case Study: Lambruschi PDO 155 5.2.4.3.1 Sampling and Sample Treatment 156 5.2.4.3.2 Lambrusco Winemaking Sampling 157 5.2.4.3.3 Soil, Branch and Juice Sampling 159 5.2.4.3.4 Soil, Branch and Juice Pretreatments 160 5.2.4.3.5 87Sr/86 Sr in Lambrusco Winemaking 160 5.2.4.3.6 87Sr/86 Sr from Soils to Lambrusco Wines 161 References 165 Legislation 176 6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance – Metabolomics 177 Donatella Capitani, Anatoly P. Sobolev and Luisa Mannina 6.1 Introduction 177 6.2 Olive Oils 179 6.3 NMR for Investigating Fruit Metabolomics 182 6.3.1 NMR Metabolomics Applied to Kiwifruits 183 6.3.2 NMR Metabolomics Applied to Blueberries 188 6.4 NMR Metabolomics of Transgenic Vegetable Food 190 References 193 7 Chromatography 199 7.1 Introduction to Chromatography – Techniques 200 Joana Santos and M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira 7.1.1 Introduction 200 7.1.2 Chromatography 202 7.1.2.1 HPLC and Hyphenated Techniques 203 7.1.2.1.1 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry 210 7.1.2.2 GC and Hyphenated Techniques 215 7.1.2.2.1 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry 223 Acknowledgements 224 References 225 7.2 Chromatography – Applications 233 Ana I. Ruiz‐Matute, M. Luz Sanz, F. Javier Moreno and Marta Corzo‐Martínez 7.2.1 Introduction 233 7.2.2 Carbohydrates 233 7.2.3 Food Proteins and Peptides 240 7.2.4 Fatty Acids and Triacylglicerols 246 7.2.5 Volatile Compounds 249 7.2.6 Phenolic Compounds 256 7.2.7 Organic Acids 258 7.2.8 Conclusions 258 Acknowledgements 259 References 259 8 Vibrational and Fluorescence Spectroscopy 277 8.1 Vibrational Spectroscopy 278 Daniel Cozzolino 8.1.1 Introduction 278 8.1.2 Instrumentation and Software 280 8.1.3 Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Food Authenticity 284 8.1.3.1 Fish and Seafood 284 8.1.3.2 Fish and Meat By‐Products 284 8.1.3.3 Wine 285 8.1.3.4 Cereal grains 287 8.1.3.5 Honey 288 8.1.3.6 Meat and Meat Products 291 8.1.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 291 References 292 8.2 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 298 Georgios Mousdis and Fotini Mellou 8.2.1 Fluorescence 298 8.2.1.1 Basic Principles 298 8.2.1.2 Instrumentation 299 8.2.1.3 Types of Fluorescence Spectra 301 8.2.1.4 Factors Affecting Fluorescence Intensity 302 8.2.1.4.1 Concentration and Inner Filter Effect 302 8.2.1.4.2 Quenching 303 8.2.1.4.3 Scatter 303 8.2.1.4.4 Molecular Environment 303 8.2.2 Chemometrics 303 8.2.3 Applications in Foods and Drinks 305 8.2.3.1 Edible Oils 305 8.2.3.2 Meat and Meat Products 307 8.2.3.3 Fish and Fish Products 308 8.2.3.4 Eggs 309 8.2.3.5 Caviar 309 8.2.3.6 Milk and Cheese Products 309 8.2.3.7 Cereals 311 8.2.3.8 Honey, Sugar, and Syrups 312 8.2.3.9 Fruits 313 8.2.3.10 Alcoholic Beverages 313 8.2.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 315 References 315 9 Molecular Techniques – Genomics and Proteomics 325 Ignacio Ortea, Karola Böhme, Pilar Calo‐Mata and Jorge Barros‐Velázquez 9.1 Introduction 325 9.2 DNA‐Based Methods 326 9.2.1 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 328 9.2.2 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) 328 9.2.3 DNA Sequencing 330 9.2.4 Multiplex PCR with Species‐Specific Primers 331 9.2.5 Real‐Time PCR 331 9.2.6 PCR‐SSCP 333 9.2.7 PCR‐RFLP 333 9.2.8 DNA Hybridization and Microarrays 335 9.2.9 Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) ‐Based Approaches 335 9.3 Proteomics for Species and Geographical Origin Authentication 336 9.3.1 Gel‐Based Methods 337 9.3.2 MS‐Based Methods 341 9.3.3 MS/MS‐Based Methods 342 9.3.4 Directed Approaches 342 9.4 Future Trends 343 References 344 10 Immunological Techniques 355 Yun‐Hwa Peggy Hsieh and Jack Appiah Ofori 10.1 Introduction 355 10.2 Immunoassays 356 10.3 Meat Speciation 357 10.4 Fish and Shellfish Authentication 362 10.5 Fruit Juices 364 10.6 Botanical Origin of Honey 365 10.7 Irradiated and Genetically Modified Foods 366 10.7.1 Detection of Irradiated Foods 367 10.7.2 Detection of GM Foods 368 10.8 Conclusions 369 References 369 11 Sensory Analysis 377 Laura Aceña, Montserrat Mestres, Olga Busto and Ricard Boqué 11.1 Introduction 377 11.2 Organoleptic Evaluation and Food Quality 377 11.3 Human Sensory Panels: Response and Subjectivity 378 11.4 Instrumental Sensory Analysis 378 11.4.1 Looking for Objectivity 378 11.4.2 Gas Chromatography‐Olfactometry (GCO) 379 11.4.2.1 GCO Device: How it Works 379 11.4.2.2 Olfactometric Techniques 380 11.4.2.3 Applications 380 11.4.3 Electronic Nose 381 11.4.3.1 Emulating the sense of smell 381 11.4.3.2 Types of Electronic Noses: Instrumental Aspects 381 11.4.3.3 Applications of E‐Noses in Food Analysis 382 11.4.4 Electronic Tongue 382 11.4.4.1 Emulating the Sense of Taste 382 11.4.4.2 Types of Electronic Tongues 382 11.4.5 Multivariate Data Analysis 384 11.5 Future Trends 386 References 387 12 MALDI Mass Spectrometry: A Promising Non-Chromatographic Technique 393 Cosima D. Calvano, Antonio Monopoli and Carlo G. Zambonin 12.1 Introduction 393 12.2 MALDI MS Principles 394 12.3 MALDI-TOF-MS for Food Proteins and Peptides Analysis 396 12.4 MALDI-TOF-MS for Lipids Analysis 397 12.5 MALDI-TOF-MS for Illegal Mixture Detection 397 12.5.1 Hazelnut Oil in Olive Oil: Lipid Analysis 397 12.5.2 Hazelnut Oil in Olive Oil: Protein Analysis 399 12.5.3 Cow Milk in Goat and Sheep Milk: Protein Analysis 399 12.5.4 Powder Milk in Liquid Milk: Protein and Lipid Analysis 401 12.6 MALDI-TOF-MS for Microbial Contamination Detection 402 Acknowledgements 404 References 404 13 Detection of Food Processing Techniques 413 Aristidis S. Tsagkaris, Georgios P. Danezis and Constantinos A. Georgiou 13.1 Introduction 413 13.2 Freezing–Thawing 414 13.2.1 Methods of Detection 414 13.3 Irradiation 415 13.3.1 Physical Methods for Irradiation Detection 417 13.3.2 Chemical Methods for Irradiation Detection 418 13.3.3 Biological Methods for Irradiation Detection 418 13.4 Heating Techniques 418 13.4.1 Methods of Detection 419 13.5 Conclusion 420 References 420 14 Adulteration Stories 423 Aristidis S. Tsagkaris, Constantinos A. Papachristidis, Georgios P. Danezis and Constantinos A. Georgiou 14.1 Introduction 423 14.2 A Flashback 424 14.3 Food Fraud Incidents 425 14.3.1 Bootleg Liquor, India, 2015 425 14.3.2 Horse Meat Scandal, EU, 2013 425 14.3.3 Adulteration with Melamine, China, 2008 and 2007 427 14.3.4 Food Extension in the ConAgra Incident, USA, 1997 427 14.3.5 Low‐Cost Mixture Marketed as 100% Pure Apple Juice in the Beech‐nut Incident, USA, 1987 427 14.3.6 Arsenic in Beer, UK, 1880 and 1900 428 14.3.7 Bright Poisonous Inorganic Colors for Sweets, UK, 1858 428 14.3.8 Adulteration of Bread with Alum in London, UK, 1839 429 14.4 Conclusions 429 References 429 15 Organic Foods 431 Yolanda Picó 15.1 Introduction 431 15.2 Biochemical Markers and Analytical Platforms 432 15.3 Sampling 433 15.4 Sample Preparation and Extraction 440 15.5 Instrumental Analysis 441 15.5.1 Multi‐Elemental Composition 441 15.5.2 Stable Isotope Analysis 441 15.5.3 Biocrystallisation 443 15.5.4 Infrared Spectroscopy 443 15.5.5 Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR‐MS) 444 15.5.6 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) 444 15.5.7 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) 445 15.5.8 Direct Analysis in Real‐Time High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART‐HRMS) 446 15.5.9 Biological Methods 447 15.6 Data Analysis 447 15.7 Conclusions and Future Trends 448 References 449 16 Screening and High-Throughput Multi-Contaminants Methods 453 Natasa P. Kalogiouri and Nikolaos S. Thomaidis 16.1 Introduction 453 16.2 Sample Preparation 454 16.2.1 Sample Extraction 454 16.2.1.1 Solid‐Phase Micro‐Extraction 454 16.2.1.2 Matrix Solid‐Phase Dispersion Extraction 460 16.2.1.3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 460 16.2.1.4 Accelerated Solvent Extraction 461 16.2.1.5 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 461 16.2.1.6 QuEChERS 461 16.2.1.7 Microwave‐Assisted Extraction 462 16.2.2 Sample Clean‐Up 462 16.2.2.1 Gel Permeation Chromatography 463 16.2.2.2 Solid‐Phase Extraction 463 16.2.2.3 Dispersive Solid‐Phase Extraction 463 16.3 Separation and Detection 464 16.3.1 Gas Chromatography Coupled to Conventional Detectors and Mass Spectrometry 464 16.3.2 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry 465 16.3.3 Ambient Mass Spectrometry 468 16.3.4 Immunoassays 468 16.3.5 Biosensors 469 16.4 Conclusions 469 References 470 17 Chemometrics – Bioinformatics 481 Marina Cocchi, Mario Li Vigni and Caterina Durante 17.1 The Role of Chemometrics in Food Authentication 481 17.1.1 Authenticity Issues 482 17.1.2 Nature and Challenge of Datasets Arising from Fingerprinting Techniques 482 17.2 Methodology 483 17.2.1 Exploratory Data Analysis 484 17.2.1.1 PCA in Practice 488 17.2.2 Classification and Discrimination 489 17.2.2.1 PLS‐DA 492 17.2.2.2 SIMCA 493 17.2.2.3 Assessing Classification Performance 494 17.2.2.4 Assessing Model Dimensionality 495 17.2.2.5 Case Study 496 17.2.3 Multiway Techniques 497 17.2.3.1 An Illustrative Example 500 17.2.4 Assessing Feature Relevance 500 17.2.4.1 PCA Models 500 17.2.4.2 PLS, PLS‐DA Models 503 17.2.4.3 SIMCA Model 506 17.2.5 Data Fusion 506 17.2.5.1 DF Application Example 507 17.2.6 ANN‐Based Methodology 508 17.2.6.1 A Few Hints About ANN Methodology 509 17.2.6.2 A Working Example 511 References 513 18 Conclusions and Prospects 519 Georgios P. Danezis and Constantinos A. Georgiou References 521 Index 527
£154.76
