Science funding and policy Books

Book SynopsisTo listen to most pundits and political writers, evolution, stem cells, and climate change are the only scientific issues worth mentioning,and the only people who are anti-science are conservatives. Yet those on the left have numerous fallacies of their own. Aversion to clean energy programs, basic biological research, and even life-saving vaccines come naturally to many progressives. These are positions supported by little more than junk-science and paranoid thinking.Now for the first time, science writers Dr. Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell have drawn open the curtain on the left's fear of science. As Science Left Behind reveals, vague inclinations about the wholesomeness of all things natural, the unhealthiness of the unnatural, and many other seductive fallacies have led to an epidemic of misinformation. The results: public health crises, damaging and misguided policies, and worst of all, a new culture war over basic scientific facts,in which the left is just as culpable as the right.Trade Review"Science Left Behind challenges the notion that poorly informed anti-science rhetoric is solely the province of the right wing...Berezow and Campbell offer numerous examples of progressives hijacking legitimate programs and research and twisting them to suit a backwards-ass anti-science agenda. In this way, reading Science Left Behind is as infuriating as it is eye-opening. A fundamental lack of familiarity with science is rampant in government as a whole, and Science Left Behind does an impressive job drawing attention to this alarming disparity." Portland Mercury" Nevertheless, Berezow and Campbell's message is jarring and necessary. Science is vilified in American political life. People believe things because they wish to, not because of what is true. This has real-world consequences when it comes to the implementation of beneficial technology. Anti-scientism is everywhere, and acknowledging that much of it comes from our own political tribe is a hard and inconvenient truth." Scienceblogs.com "Anyone who talks for very long with a genuine American leftist -- as opposed to the vastly more numerous moderate liberals -- can quickly see that romantic-nostalgic spite toward science and technology is not the sole province of Fox-watchers." PolicyMic"The people who are skeptical of the benefits of vaccination or think that organic food is healthier will undoubtedly find [Science Left Behind] problematic. And they should. The prominent activists and politicians highlighted in this book are spreading misinformation and causing serious harm in some cases, and it's good to see scientists and science writers making some noise about it. You should read what they have to say. Go buy this book." Wall Street Journal"In Science Left Behind, journalists Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell show that conservatives hardly have a monopoly on motivated reasoning, usefully revealing how pervasive scientific misinformation is in progressive arguments on organic and genetically modified foods, clean energy, nuclear waste and other matters." Forbes "There are a lot of hot-button topics here: environmentalism, genetically modified organisms, organic food, product testing on animals, solar power, clean energy, and more. The authors explore the issues in detail, working very hard to give the appearance of political neutrality, and the book does an excellent job of opening readers' minds to the possibility that these issues aren't as cut-and-dried as they might have been led to believe by politicians and the media. Open-minded readers, those who don't mind being asked to reassess their long-held beliefs, should find much here to think about and debate. "This is - as far as I know - the best and first book to tackle many of these anti-science claims, and while it is not the definitive work on any of these subjects, it's worth a read for anyone who is infuriated by claims that republicans are anti-science...[T]he book does an excellent job of bringing together a large survey of different ways that elements of the political left in America fail to heed what science has to say." New Scientist"There is more, and recent, antiscience fare from far-left progressives, documented in the 2012 book Science Left Behind by science journalists Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell, who note that "if it is true that conservatives have declared a war on science, then progressives have declared Armageddon...Whereas conservatives obsess over the purity and sanctity of sex, the left's sacred values seem fixated on the environment, leading to an almost religious fervor over the purity and sanctity of air, water and especially food." Scientific American Commentary Magazine"Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell are on solid ground in Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left...Their arguments slice quickly and powerfully, supported by the kinds of skillfully chosen facts...Science Left Behind does much-needed work in drawing attention to what the authors call the "feel-good fallacies" that constitute the worldviews of so many on the left-often the very individuals who proudly claim membership in the "reality-based com-munity." More important, Berezow and Campbell articulate a valuable observation that deserves constant reiterating: with great frequency, politics invites us to inhabit an imaginary world populated by fictions that conform to our desires about how things ought to be." San Francisco Book Review Michael Medved, nationally syndicated talk radio host, author of THE 10 BIG LIES ABOUT AMERICA "Entertaining, enlightening and important. This valuable book should shatter the left's smug certainty that science registers as a partisan Democrat. Berezow and Campbell provide persuasive evidence and argument that should reshape conventional wisdom on a wide variety of current controversies." Kirkus "A sophisticatedly vitriolic, somewhat tongue-in-cheek addition to the current election debate." Publishers Weekly "Their nonpartisan message is clear: Washington as a whole is woefully uninformed when it comes to the scientific underpinnings of pertinent topics like stem cell research, green energy, organic food, vaccines, and gender issues." Huntington News "Groundbreaking...If I were teaching journalism, this is a book that I would require my students to read and absorb -- and keep for reference." The Progressive Contrarian"A no-nonsense, sometimes brutal and sometimes funny book that progressives should read." Red, Green, and Blue.org "Alex Berezow and Hank Campbell, co-authors of Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left, make a nuanced and convincing counter argument: Ludditism is not a partisan issue. In fact, on many of the most critical issues of our time, the "progressive" perspective is often rooted in out-dated, anti-empirical, junk science paradigms that threaten innovation-and are beginning to unnerve the most scientifically minded thinkers on the left...This soft conspiracy, promoted by mainstream Democrats, infects a broad array of science issues and highlights the religious-like iconic beliefs of the left (as Kloor has noted): Nature is sacred, big business is dangerous and corrupt, technology can cause more problems than it helps solve, the world is on the verge of an eco-apocalypse, and we need more precaution, regulation and legislation. I call it enviro-romanticism, a criticism documented in distressing detail in Science Left Behind...Read Science Left Behind. It's a clarion call for the empirically minded amongst us regardless of your ideological persuasion." Booklist

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Book SynopsisBiofortification – the enrichment of staple food crops with essential micronutrients – has been heralded as a uniquely sustainable solution to the problem of micronutrient deficiency or 'hidden hunger'. Considerable attention and resources are being directed towards the biofortification of rice – the world's most important food crop. Through an in-depth analysis of international rice biofortification efforts across the US, Philippines and China, this book provides an important critique of such goal-oriented, top-down approaches. These approaches, the author argues, exemplify a model of global, 'public goods' science that is emerging within complex, international research networks. It provides vital lessons for those researching and making decisions about science and research policy, showing that if this model becomes entrenched, it is likely to channel resources towards the search for 'silver bullet' solutions at the expense of more incremental approaches that respond to locality, diversity and the complex and uncertain interactions between people and their environments. The author proposes a series of key changes to institutions and practices that might allow more context-responsive alternatives to emerge. These issues are particularly important now as increasing concerns over food security are leading donors and policy makers to commit to ambitious visions of 'impact at scale' – visions which may never become a reality and may preclude more effective pathways from being pursued. Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). Trade Review'A deeply thought-provoking book, this study of biofortification in rice explores how and why public science so often irons out complex needs into a demand for pre-packaged solutions. Biofortification could yet become an exemplar of a different, boundary-crossing, socially-informed science for poverty alleviation. [This] book is essential reading for both critics and proponents of biotechnology in international development.' Paul Richards, Professor of Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 'A lucid analysis of the decision making in international agricultural research which emphasizes a technical, commercial approach. Malnutrition is far better tackled with a biodiversity approach that makes available local foods that can be eaten fresh and are free.' Suman Sahai, Convenor, Gene Campaign, New Delhi 'A deeply thought-provoking book, this study of biofortification in rice explores how and why public science so often irons out complex needs into a demand for pre-packaged solutions. Are the great private philanthropic foundations and the brilliant scientists they fund simply incapable of understanding the lives of the rural poor? The author prefers instead to make a case for deep institutional reform, offering space for new types of partnership. Biofortification could yet become an exemplar of a different, boundary-crossing, socially-informed science for poverty alleviation. Her book is essential reading for both critics and proponents of biotechnology in international development.' Paul Richards, Professor of Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 'Rice Biofortification convincingly illustrates the tenacity of the top down linear research paradigm which unfortunately still dominates the international agricultural research agenda. How researchers can effectively work with local contexts is an important issue, which the author handles admirably.' Joachim Voss, independent research professional, and formerly Director General of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia 'Rice Biofortification would be useful for both critics and proponents of biotechnology.' Greenteacher.org, CEE (Centre for Environment Education) 'A book for those formulating and appraising scientific research and its impact on social development.' New Agriculturalist 'The issues related to the organisation of public science and research highlighted in the book are very relevant in the context of the recent debates in India related to the commerical release of Bt Brinjal.' GreenTeacher.orgTable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Biofortification? 1. 'Old Lessons and New Paradigms': Locating Biofortification 2. Building the Argument: The Case of Iron Rice 3. An Institutional Model? The Case of Golden Rice 4. An Alliance around an Idea: The Shifting Boundaries of Harvestplus 5. Global Science, Public Goods? A Synthesis. Conclusion. References. Notes

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Book SynopsisAims to reveal that campus capitalism is more complicated and less profitable than media reports would suggest. This book includes interviews with scientists and administrators. It is useful for those who care about scientific research. It shows that industry dollars are dwarfed by government support and other funds.Trade Review"Daniel Greenberg is still the bad boy of American science policy - and that's good for all of us. His message of 'follow the science, not the money' is the right one for public health, for the nation's productivity, and for the research enterprise." - Alan Kraut, executive director, Association for Psychological Science"

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Book SynopsisEmpowering the Great Energy Transition demonstrates that a transition away from carbon-intensive energy sources is inevitable—if we can overcome the forces supporting incumbent technologies. It provides an expert analysis of the achievable steps that citizens, organizational leaders, and policy makers can take.Trade ReviewAnyone offering or believing that bumper sticker solutions exist for reconciling global energy and environmental concerns in the twenty-first century should be humbled after reading this book. Valentine, Brown, and Sovacool offer an erudite, sobering, and compelling analysis of the complicated challenges, tradeoffs, and opportunities involved in transitioning globally to a renewable energy future. Writing in prose accessible to experts and laypersons alike, the authors adroitly integrate a multidisciplinary body of research (pro and con) to make a full-throated case for shifting to a renewable energy future. Readers may or may not agree with their arguments for an energy reset, but they cannot ignore the data, realpolitik, and strategic analysis the authors provide to explain and address the often halting and mostly patchworked progress made so far. -- Robert F. Durant, professor emeritus, American University, and coeditor of Environmental Governance Reconsidered: Challenges, Choices, and OpportunitiesEnergy is back. After years in the wilderness, the future of energy is once again one of the world’s most important geopolitical, economic, environmental, and technological issues. Scott Valentine and colleagues thoughtfully survey the issues—and argue that energy will stay firmly on the agenda, not least because of the imperative of cutting carbon emissions that harm the climate. They open windows into the academic literatures, and deftly draw out the practical implications for individuals, organizations, and government policy makers who want to have an impact. -- David Victor, professor and codirector, Laboratory on International Law and Regulation, University of California at San DiegoValentine, Brown, and Sovacool have once again lent their wealth of knowledge and experience to the rest of us. At this critical time they have focused their attention on the most important topic of the day. Empowering the Great Energy Transition underscores the urgency of kicking our addiction to carbon-based fuels. But their contribution does not stop there. It does not just tell us why we should do it, but how we can do it. For those who have already caught a whiff of the climate-change catastrophe looming just over the horizon, finally here is a book that lays out with compelling detail, breadth, and logic the necessary energy policies to achieve a low-carbon future that can save our children, our grandchildren, and ourselves. Among the many books on energy transition, this eclipses them all. -- Martin J. Pasqualetti, Arizona State University[A] useful survey of the nexus between global energy use and climate change. * Foreign Affairs *A clear-eyed review of the challenges posed by climate change and convey the urgency of transitioning to more equitable, cost-effective, and sustainable energy infrastructure. * Energy *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Great Energy Transition2. Sneak Preview of the Challenges to the Energy Transition3. The Uncertainties of Climate Change4. Managing Uncertainties While Promoting Technological Evolution5. Fostering and Financing the Energy Infrastructure Transition6. Policies for Driving Innovation and Expediting the Transition7. Consumers as Agents of Change8. Minimizing Governance Barriers and Creating Polycentric Networks9. Faster, Further, Farther: Empowering the Great Energy TransitionNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis engaging book offers non-scientists the tools to connect with and evaluate science, and for scientists it is a timely call to action for effective communication. -- Laura Bowater * Times Higher Education *Fascinating…Its mission is to help nonscientists evaluate scientific claims, with much attention paid to studies related to health. -- Froma Harrop * Seattle Times *Dean explains how, despite living in an ‘age of science,’ the American public is largely ignorant about what science is and how it works…Dean offers a step-by-step guide for evaluating science. In a few simple steps, she explains how to decide who is an expert, how to understand data, what you need to do to read science and figure out whether someone is lying to you…If science leaves you with a headache trying to figure out what’s true, what it all means and who to trust, Dean’s book is a great place to start. -- Koby Michaels * Casper Star-Tribune *This book is an accessible-by-all description of modern science and the societal gap of understanding. -- C. Sokolik * Choice *[An] engagingly written guidebook…Not only are we irrational, but we are mostly ignorant about science, and Dean explores both the reasons and the effects, including our erroneous ideas about probability and risk…Dean’s long and varied experience in the world of science reporting makes for an articulate, well-structured, and easily understood account filled with good stories and sound advice. * Kirkus Reviews *Current and future scientists and journalists, as well as advocates for science, will appreciate Dean’s effort to combat scientific illiteracy. -- Nancy R. Curtis * Library Journal *Dean’s excellent primer will be welcomed by those who find themselves lost in the fog of rival claims about scientific issues that affect us all. * Publishers Weekly *

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Book SynopsisA consideration of the impact of racism and questions of sovereignty on genetic research, which details the exploitative history of research on Taiwanese Aborigines.Table of Contents1 Taiwan Aborigines’ Genes as Black Boxes2 Aboriginal Peoples’ Genes as Narrated and Contested Assemblages3 Imposing Genetic Distinctions: Aboriginal Peoples and Alcoholism in Genetics Research4 Informed Consent in the Austronesian Homeland5 Were the Maori “Made in Taiwan”?6 Internet Shopping Carts and Patenting Taiwan’s “Gift to the World”7 Conclusion: The Agency of the Living Dead in Contested SovereigntyNotes; References; Index

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Book SynopsisA consideration of the impact of racism and questions of sovereignty on genetic research, which details the exploitative history of research on Taiwanese Aborigines.Table of Contents1 Taiwan Aborigines’ Genes as Black Boxes2 Aboriginal Peoples’ Genes as Narrated and Contested Assemblages3 Imposing Genetic Distinctions: Aboriginal Peoples and Alcoholism in Genetics Research4 Informed Consent in the Austronesian Homeland5 Were the Maori “Made in Taiwan”?6 Internet Shopping Carts and Patenting Taiwan’s “Gift to the World”7 Conclusion: The Agency of the Living Dead in Contested SovereigntyNotes; References; Index

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Book SynopsisScience is built on trust. The assumption is that scientists will conduct their work with integrity, honesty, and a strict adherence to scientific protocols. Written by geoscientists for geoscientists, Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciencesacquaints readers with the fundamental principles of scientific ethics and shows how they apply to everyday work in the classroom, laboratory, and field. Resources are provided throughout to help discuss and implement principles of scientific integrity and ethics. Volume highlights include: Examples of international and national codes and policiesExploration of the role of professional societies in scientific integrity and ethicsReferences to scientific integrity and ethics in publications and research dataDiscussion of science integrity, ethics, and geoethics in educationExtensive coverage of data applications Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciencesis a valuable resource for students, faculty, instructors, and scientists inTable of ContentsTable of Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgements Section I. Examples of Recently Developed International and National Codes and Policies Chapter 1. The Origin, Objectives and Evolution of the World Conferences on Research IntegrityNicholas H. Steneck, Tony Mayer, Melissa S. Anderson, Sabine Kleinert Chapter 2. Fostering Integrity in Research: Overview of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine ReportThomas Arrison and Robert Nerem Chapter 3. Scientific Integrity – Recent Department of Interior Policies, Codes, and their ImplementationAlan Thornhill and Rick Coleman Section II. The Role of Geoscience Professional Societies in Scientific Integrity and Ethics Chapter 4. The American Geosciences Institute Guidelines for Ethical Professional ConductMaeve A. Boland and David W. Mogk Chapter 5. American Geophysical Union Adopts and Implements A New Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics PolicyMichael McPhaden Chapter 6. The National Association of State Boards of Geology (ASBOG®) Involvement in Geoscience Professional EthicsJohn Williams Chapter 7. Brief History and Application of Enforceable Professional Geoscience Ethics CodesDavid M. Abbott, Jr. Section III. Scientific Integrity and Ethics in Publications and Data Chapter 8. The New Landscape of Ethics and Integrity in Scholarly Publishing, Brooks Hanson Chapter 9. Scientific Integrity and Ethical Considerations for the Research Data Life CycleLinda C. Gundersen Section IV. Ethical Values and Geoethics Chapter 10. Understanding Coupled Ethical-Epistemic Issues Relevant to Climate Modeling and Decision Support ScienceNancy Tuana Chapter 11. The Emerging Field of GeoethicsPeter Bobrowsky, Vincent S. Cronin, Giuseppe Di Capua, Susan W. Kieffer, Silvia Peppoloni Section V. Scientific Integrity, Ethics, and Geoethics in Education Chapter 12. Experiential Ethics Education Vance S. Martin and Donna C. Tonini Chapter 13. Teaching Geoethics Across the Geoscience Curriculum: Why, When, What, How, and Where? David W. Mogk, John W. Geissman, and Monica Z. Bruckner Chapter 14. Facilitating a Geoscience Student's Ethical DevelopmentVincent S. Cronin Appendix A. Case Studies for Science Integrity and Geoethics Practice Appendix B. Resources and References for Scientific Integrity, Ethics, and Geoethics

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Book SynopsisUtilizing environmental archival materials from the UK, State, Science and the Skies presents a groundbreaking historical account of the development of a state science of atmospheric pollution. Offers the most extensive historical and geographical account of atmospheric government and pollution in Britain, available today Presents archival material from 150 years of British history that represents an original contribution to our knowledge of the history of science and government Develops an innovative combination of Foucauldian history of government with a history of atmospheric science Raises crucial questions about the nature of state/science relations and the conditions under which environmental knowledge is produced Trade Review“Mark Whitehead’s 2009 book State, Science and the Skies constitutes a compelling and important contribution to the RGS–IBG Book Series . . . This fascinating book is part of an increasing literature on a much neglected area of study: the role and importance of the atmosphere in our lives (e.g. Jankovic, 2000; Latour, 2003; Strauss and Orlove, 2003; Kessel, 2006; Thornes, 2008) . . . State, Science and the Skies should provide us with an important guide to the geographies of the atmosphere. It is especially helpful in order to cultivate some sense of relief to Sloterdijk’s (2009) emphasis on the air as a means of administering death through environmental means.” (Geoform, 1 September 2012)Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables. Series Editors' Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Abbreviations. 1 Introduction: Space, History and the Governing of Air Pollution. 2 Historical Geographies of Science and Government: Exploring the Apparatus of Atmospheric Knowledge Acquisition. 3 Science, Sight and the Optics of Air Government 37 4 Governing Air Conduct: Exhibition, Examination and the Cultivation of the Atmospheric Self. 5 Instrumentation and the Sites of Atmospheric Monitoring. 6 A National Census of the Air: Spatial Science, Calculation and the Geo-Coding of the Atmosphere. 7 Automating the Air: Atmospheric Simulations and Digital Beings. 8 Environmental Governmentalities and the Ecological Coding of the British Atmosphere. 9 Conclusion: Learning Like a State in an Age of Atmospheric Change. Notes. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisUtilizing environmental archival materials from the UK, State, Science and the Skies presents a groundbreaking historical account of the development of a state science of atmospheric pollution. Offers the most extensive historical and geographical account of atmospheric government and pollution in Britain, available today Presents archival material from 150 years of British history that represents an original contribution to our knowledge of the history of science and government Develops an innovative combination of Foucauldian history of government with a history of atmospheric science Raises crucial questions about the nature of state/science relations and the conditions under which environmental knowledge is produced Trade Review“Mark Whitehead’s 2009 book State, Science and the Skies constitutes a compelling and important contribution to the RGS–IBG Book Series . . . This fascinating book is part of an increasing literature on a much neglected area of study: the role and importance of the atmosphere in our lives (e.g. Jankovic, 2000; Latour, 2003; Strauss and Orlove, 2003; Kessel, 2006; Thornes, 2008) . . . State, Science and the Skies should provide us with an important guide to the geographies of the atmosphere. It is especially helpful in order to cultivate some sense of relief to Sloterdijk’s (2009) emphasis on the air as a means of administering death through environmental means.” (Geoform, 1 September 2012)Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables. Series Editors' Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Abbreviations. 1 Introduction: Space, History and the Governing of Air Pollution. 2 Historical Geographies of Science and Government: Exploring the Apparatus of Atmospheric Knowledge Acquisition. 3 Science, Sight and the Optics of Air Government. 4 Governing Air Conduct: Exhibition, Examination and the Cultivation of the Atmospheric Self. 5 Instrumentation and the Sites of Atmospheric Monitoring. 6 A National Census of the Air: Spatial Science, Calculation and the Geo-Coding of the Atmosphere. 7 Automating the Air: Atmospheric Simulations and Digital Beings. 8 Environmental Governmentalities and the Ecological Coding of the British Atmosphere. 9 Conclusion: Learning Like a State in an Age of Atmospheric Change. Notes. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisEnlightened Zeal examines the fascinating history of the Hudson's Bay Company's involvement in scientific networks during the company's two-hundred year chartered monopoly.Trade Review'Enlightened Zeal is a quite successful combination of corporate history and the history of science.' -- Karl Davids Isis vol 106:02:2015 'This book will help change the ways specialists understand both the remarkable history of the HBC and the sustained practice of corporate-sponsored scholarship.' -- Michael F. Dove The Historian vol 78:03:2016 'Enlightened Zeal will be useful foundational reading for graduate seminars and independent research on the history of chartered trading companies, network exchange, and the appropriation of knowledge in the HBC and Rupert's Land.' -- Matthew S. Wiseman American Review of Canadian Studies vol 46:01:2016 'I recommend this book for its excellent biographical data and its chronicling of HBC interactions with scientific networks.' -- C. Stuart Houston Archives of Natural History, vol 42:01:2015 'Binnema has produced a superbly written, thoroughly researched, and highly relevant study of the HBC's role in the development of scientific networks in the modern era. The book is an enormous achievement.' -- Stephen J. Hornsby Journal of British Studies, vol 54:01:2015Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Preface * "Enlightened Zeal": An Introduction Part I: The Hudson's Bay Company and Science, 1670-1821 * "A Profound Secret": The Adventurers and the Fellows from the 1660s to 1768 * "Desirous to Encourage Science": The Transit of Venus of 1769 and the Hudson's Bay Company's Collaboration with the Royal Society, 1768-1774 * "Amends for the Narrow Prejudices": The Hudson's Bay Company and Science in an Era of Competitive Expansion, 1774-1821 Part II: The Hudson's Bay Company and Science, 1821-1870 * "Benevolent Intentions": The Hudson's Bay Company, the Royal Navy, and the Search for the Northwest Passage: 1818-1855 * "The Liberal Spirit": David Douglas, Edinburgh, and the Douglas Legacy, 1823-1870: 1824-1870 * "Disinterested Kindness": The Hudson's Bay Company and North American Scientists, 1821-1859 * "Knowing the Liberal Disposition": The Hudson's Bay Company and the Smithsonian Institution, 1855-68 Epilogue Conclusion Bibliography Illustrations and captions for Illustrations Notes

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Book SynopsisEnlightened Zeal examines the fascinating history of the Hudson's Bay Company's involvement in scientific networks during the company's two-hundred year chartered monopoly.Trade Review'Enlightened Zeal is a quite successful combination of corporate history and the history of science.' -- Karl Davids Isis vol 106:02:2015 'This book will help change the ways specialists understand both the remarkable history of the HBC and the sustained practice of corporate-sponsored scholarship.' -- Michael F. Dove The Historian vol 78:03:2016 'Enlightened Zeal will be useful foundational reading for graduate seminars and independent research on the history of chartered trading companies, network exchange, and the appropriation of knowledge in the HBC and Rupert's Land.' -- Matthew S. Wiseman American Review of Canadian Studies vol 46:01:2016 'I recommend this book for its excellent biographical data and its chronicling of HBC interactions with scientific networks.' -- C. Stuart Houston Archives of Natural History, vol 42:01:2015 'Binnema has produced a superbly written, thoroughly researched, and highly relevant study of the HBC's role in the development of scientific networks in the modern era. The book is an enormous achievement.' -- Stephen J. Hornsby Journal of British Studies, vol 54:01:2015Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Preface * "Enlightened Zeal": An Introduction Part I: The Hudson's Bay Company and Science, 1670-1821 * "A Profound Secret": The Adventurers and the Fellows from the 1660s to 1768 * "Desirous to Encourage Science": The Transit of Venus of 1769 and the Hudson's Bay Company's Collaboration with the Royal Society, 1768-1774 * "Amends for the Narrow Prejudices": The Hudson's Bay Company and Science in an Era of Competitive Expansion, 1774-1821 Part II: The Hudson's Bay Company and Science, 1821-1870 * "Benevolent Intentions": The Hudson's Bay Company, the Royal Navy, and the Search for the Northwest Passage: 1818-1855 * "The Liberal Spirit": David Douglas, Edinburgh, and the Douglas Legacy, 1823-1870: 1824-1870 * "Disinterested Kindness": The Hudson's Bay Company and North American Scientists, 1821-1859 * "Knowing the Liberal Disposition": The Hudson's Bay Company and the Smithsonian Institution, 1855-68 Epilogue Conclusion Bibliography Illustrations and captions for Illustrations Notes

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Book SynopsisReimagining transparency and secrecy in the era of digital data When total data surveillance delimits agency and revelations of political wrongdoing fail to have consequences, is transparency the social panacea liberal democracies purport it to be? This book sets forth the provocative argument that progressive social goals would be better served by a radical form of secrecy, at least while state and corporate forces hold an asymmetrical advantage over the less powerful in data control. Clare Birchall asks: How might transparency actually serve agendas that are far from transparent? Can we imagine a secrecy that could act in the service of, rather than against, a progressive politics? To move beyond atomizing calls for privacy and to interrupt the perennial tension between state security and the public’s right to know, Birchall adapts Édouard Glissant’s thinking to propose a digital “right to opacity.” As a crucial element of radical secrecy, she argues, this would eventually give rise to a “postsecret” society, offering an understanding and experience of the political that is free from the false choice between secrecy and transparency. She grounds her arresting story in case studies including the varied presidential styles of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump; the Snowden revelations; conspiracy theories espoused or endorsed by Trump; WikiLeaks and guerrilla transparency; and the opening of the state through data portals.Postsecrecy is the necessary condition for imagining, finally, an alternative vision of “the good,” of equality, as neither shaped by neoliberal incarnations of transparency nor undermined by secret state surveillance. Not least, postsecrecy reimagines collective resistance in the era of digital data.Trade Review"Clare Birchall offers an innovative way out of tired debates over secrecy, transparency, and privacy. Radical Secrecy challenges our assumptions about the state, the neoliberal subject, and data, and it invites us to think about the hard but necessary concepts and strategies that can help us deal with our present and our future."—Mark Fenster, author of The Transparency Fix: Secrets, Leaks, and Uncontrollable Government Information"In this provocative, interdisciplinary, well-researched, and cogently argued critique and reconceptualization of the relationship between secrecy and transparency in the digital age, Clare Birchall articulates the need for reimagining and experimenting with new forms of transparency and open distribution of data, including the ‘digital right to opacity.’ As we witness political responses to events such as COVID-19, domestic terrorism, and economic devastation, the prescience of her analyses and the importance of her conclusions are undeniable."—Cynthia Stohl, University of California, Santa BarbaraTable of ContentsContentsPrefaceIntroduction: Transparent Times, Secret Agency, and Data Subjects1. The Changing Fortunes of Secrecy and Openness2. Information Imaginaries3. Opaque Openness: The Problem with/of Transparency4. Shareveillance: Open and Covert Government Data Practices5. Aesthetics of the Secret6. Secrets of the Left: A Right to OpacityConclusion: Toward PostsecrecyAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisReimagining transparency and secrecy in the era of digital data When total data surveillance delimits agency and revelations of political wrongdoing fail to have consequences, is transparency the social panacea liberal democracies purport it to be? This book sets forth the provocative argument that progressive social goals would be better served by a radical form of secrecy, at least while state and corporate forces hold an asymmetrical advantage over the less powerful in data control. Clare Birchall asks: How might transparency actually serve agendas that are far from transparent? Can we imagine a secrecy that could act in the service of, rather than against, a progressive politics? To move beyond atomizing calls for privacy and to interrupt the perennial tension between state security and the public’s right to know, Birchall adapts Édouard Glissant’s thinking to propose a digital “right to opacity.” As a crucial element of radical secrecy, she argues, this would eventually give rise to a “postsecret” society, offering an understanding and experience of the political that is free from the false choice between secrecy and transparency. She grounds her arresting story in case studies including the varied presidential styles of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump; the Snowden revelations; conspiracy theories espoused or endorsed by Trump; WikiLeaks and guerrilla transparency; and the opening of the state through data portals.Postsecrecy is the necessary condition for imagining, finally, an alternative vision of “the good,” of equality, as neither shaped by neoliberal incarnations of transparency nor undermined by secret state surveillance. Not least, postsecrecy reimagines collective resistance in the era of digital data.Trade Review"Clare Birchall offers an innovative way out of tired debates over secrecy, transparency, and privacy. Radical Secrecy challenges our assumptions about the state, the neoliberal subject, and data, and it invites us to think about the hard but necessary concepts and strategies that can help us deal with our present and our future."—Mark Fenster, author of The Transparency Fix: Secrets, Leaks, and Uncontrollable Government Information"In this provocative, interdisciplinary, well-researched, and cogently argued critique and reconceptualization of the relationship between secrecy and transparency in the digital age, Clare Birchall articulates the need for reimagining and experimenting with new forms of transparency and open distribution of data, including the ‘digital right to opacity.’ As we witness political responses to events such as COVID-19, domestic terrorism, and economic devastation, the prescience of her analyses and the importance of her conclusions are undeniable."—Cynthia Stohl, University of California, Santa BarbaraTable of ContentsContentsPrefaceIntroduction: Transparent Times, Secret Agency, and Data Subjects1. The Changing Fortunes of Secrecy and Openness2. Information Imaginaries3. Opaque Openness: The Problem with/of Transparency4. Shareveillance: Open and Covert Government Data Practices5. Aesthetics of the Secret6. Secrets of the Left: A Right to OpacityConclusion: Toward PostsecrecyAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book Synopsis•The first book to bring the field of science communication into conversation with queer theory. •Includes ‘practice spotlights’ by practitioners that highlight specific science communication initiatives relevant to queer people and queer topics.Table of ContentsIntroduction - Tara Roberson and Lindy A. Orthia Part 1: Negotiating Queer Identities with Science, Technology, and Medicine 1. Where to ‘Keep’ the Queer: Contestations and Anxieties in Clinical Communications - Aritra Chatterjee Practice Spotlight: Gender and Sex in Research Communications - Sophia Frentz 2. The Question of Queer Complexity: Science Communication and Queer Activism - V de Kauwe and Emily Standen 3. Queer Interests in Technology and Innovation Discourse - Tara Roberson Practice Spotlight: All We Need Is … The Endosymbiotic Love Calendar - Annalaura Alifuoco, Natalie E.R. Beveridge, Yasmine Kumordzi, and Hwa Young Jung Practice Spotlight: GENDERS: Shaping and Breaking the Binary, an Exhibition at Science Gallery London - Helen Kaplinsky and Jessie Krish Teaching Notes for Part 1 Part 2: Representations of Queerness in Public Science Communication 4. Queering Science Museums, Science Centres, and Other Public Science Institutions - Eleanor S. Armstrong and Simon J. Lock Practice Spotlight: Queer by Nature: The LGBTQ+ Natural History Tour - Josh Davis Practice Spotlight: Science Queers: Overacted Representation in Science Communication - Òscar Aznar-Alemany Practice Spotlight: Science is a Drag! Online Events - Carla Suciu, Brynley Pearlstone, and Sam Langford 5. Queer Characters in Science-themed Fiction - Lindy A. Orthia and Leo P. Visser Practice Spotlight: Using #QueerInSTEM and Related Hashtags to Promote Your Science Communication - Luis Lopez and Alberto I. Roca Practice Spotlight: Queer Science Blogs: Public Communication Before the Age of Social Media - Ron Buckmire and Alberto I. Roca Teaching Notes for Part 2 Part 3: Queer People in Science Communication Communities 6. Malayang Paglaladlad para sa Mapagpalayang Paglalahad: Coming Out and Queering Science Communication in Contested Spaces - John Noel Viaña, Mario Carlo Severo, Miguel Barretto-Garcia, Paul James Magtaan, Jason Tan Liwag, Roemel Jeusep Bueno, Christer de Silva, and Shaira Panela Practice Spotlight: Queer Scientists PH: Visibility Towards Community Building and Empowerment - Jason Tan Liwag, Jay S. Fidelino, Rey Audie S. Escosio, Almira B. Ocampo, and Nikki Santos-Ocampo Practice Spotlight: 500 Queer Scientists at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras - Alice Motion and Hervé Sauquet 7. Including Queerness and Improving Belonging of Intersectional Queer Identities in Science Communication Communities - Katherine Canfield Practice Spotlight: Rainbow Spectrums: Embracing Our Queer Disabled Family in Science Communication - V de Kauwe and Kai Fisher 8. Have Rainbow, Will Collect Data: How Citizen and Community Science Engages Queer Volunteers - Todd A. Harwell Teaching Notes for Part 3 Part 4: Queering Institutional Science Communication Agendas 9. Science OUTreach: A Queer Approach to Science Communication Practice - Alice Motion and Lee Wallace Practice Spotlight: Queer Communicators in Environmental, Climate Change, and Sustainability Conversations - Franzisca Weder Practice Spotlight: How LGBTIQA+ Representation in Organization Leadership Impacts Inclusivity and Visibility - Sarah Durcan and Andrea Bandelli Practice Spotlight: Outer Edge: Queer(y)ing STEM Collections – A Community Workshop - Eleanor S. Armstrong and Sophie Gerber 10. The Possibilities of Queer in Science Communication Teaching and Pedagogies - Simon J. Lock and Eleanor S. Armstrong 11. Queering Science Communication Theory Beyond Deficit and Dialogue Binaries - Lindy A. Orthia and V de Kauwe Teaching Notes for Part 4 Conclusions - Tara Roberson and Lindy A. Orthia

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Book SynopsisIntroduction of a common European currency has been, and is, a process bristling with difficulties. Will establishing European science be any easier? The contributors to the volume have treated this question with the seriousness it deserves. The results steer away from an easy optimism, but emphasize the importance of such enterprise. This insightful text should be of interest to policy makers and scientists alike, not the least because it shows how the two groups influence each other.'- Barbara Czarniawska, University of Gothenburg, SwedenSince the European Research Area was launched at the beginning of the century, significant efforts have been made to realise the vision of a coherent space for science and research in Europe. But how does one define such a space and measure its development? This timely book analyses the dynamics of change in the policy and governance of science and research within Europe over the past decade. It widens the scope of traditional policy analysis by focusing attention on the interaction between policy rationales, new governance mechanisms, and the organisational dynamics of the scientific field.The contributors build a novel analytical framework to understand the European research space as one shifting from a fragmented space of 'Science in Europe' to one that is labeled 'European Science'. The chapters explore the dynamics of this shift through the lenses of political science, organisation theory, science policy and related analytical traditions.Towards European Science is an interdisciplinary book which will attract a wide set of scholars and professionals interested in science policy, governance and scientific practice. It will also be of use to university leaders and managers, as well as policy-makers and practitioners working on issues of internationalisation and the Europeanisation of science.Contributors: I. Bleiklie, D. Braun, L. Cruz-Castro, J. Enders, L. Engwall, Å. Gornitzka, T. Hedmo, K. Jonkers, B. Lepori, T. Luukkonen, G. Mathisen Nyhagen, M. Nedeva, L. Sanz-Menéndez, L. WedlinTrade Review‘Introduction of a common European currency has been, and is, a process bristling with difficulties. Will establishing European science be any easier? The contributors to the volume have treated this question with the seriousness it deserves. The results steer away from an easy optimism, but emphasize the importance of such enterprise. This insightful text should be of interest to policy makers and scientists alike, not the least because it shows how the two groups influence each other.’ -- Barbara Czarniawska, University of Gothenburg, Sweden‘After reading the volume, it is easy to agree with the editors and to recommend the book to all actors in any research space interested in the science policy in the EU and the transformation of the European research/science space.’ -- ComparativTable of ContentsContents: 1. Towards European Science: An Introduction Linda Wedlin and Maria Nedeva 2. From ‘Science in Europe’ to ‘European Science’ Maria Nedeva and Linda Wedlin 3. European Research Area: An Evolving Policy Agenda Terttu Luukkonen 4. Actor Constellations in the European Funding Area Dietmar Braun 5. Executive Governance of European Science – Technocratic, Segmented, and Path Dependent? Åse Gornitzka 6. Transnational Organizations Defining Quality and Excellence Linda Wedlin and Tina Hedmo 7. Organizing Knowledge Institutions – Standardizing Diversity Ivar Bleiklie, Gigliola Mathisen Nyhagen, Jürgen Enders and Benedetto Lepori 8. Academies and their Roles in Policy Decisions Lars Engwall 9. The Internationalisation of Research Institutes Laura Cruz-Castro, Koen Jonkers and Luis Sanz-Menéndez 10. Quo Vadis European Science? Linda Wedlin and Maria Nedeva Index

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Book SynopsisMoving away from the long-established paradigm which holds that all political behavior is learned via socialization, this Handbook assesses the contributions of biology to political science, illustrating that behavior is in actual fact shaped by the interplay between learning and biological influences. Describing how a more biologically-oriented approach expands and enriches political science, both conceptually and in terms of its research capabilities, key chapters focus on general biological approaches to politics, biopolitical contributions to mainstream areas within political science, and linkages between biology and public policy. Providing specific examples of how Neo-Darwinism can contribute to more successful public policies, the Handbook further emphasizes the close ties between a realistic understanding of human political behavior and the likelihood that our species successfully resolves the problems that now threaten its welfare. Original and thought-provoking, this Handbook will prove an enriching read for political scientists starting to consider the value of biological factors in influencing political behavior, as well as for behavioural scientists in other areas experiencing the same paradigm shifts. Biologists will also find further grounding for their research into biological and behavioral science.Contributors include: K.Blanchard, Jr., R.H. Blank, D. Boisvert, E. Bucy, K. Butts, P.A. Corning, D. Couvet, A. Fletcher, B.J. Foster, J.M. Friend, A. Friesen, O. Funke, A. Ksiazkiewicz, M. Latner, V. Lemm, L. Liesen, J. Losco, R.D. Masters, A. Mazur, G.R. Murray, W.J. Patzelt, M.B. Petersen, S.A. Peterson, A. Somit, R.H. Sprinkle, P.A. Stewart, B.A. Thayer, J. Vaske, M. Vatter, R.F. White, T.E. WohlersTrade Review'Slowly but surely the social sciences are starting to realize that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection comes as a friend and supporter rather than as a foe and conqueror. This splendid collection, Handbook of Biology and Politics, edited by Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit, shows that work in this field is rapidly moving towards maturity. At a time when, with reason, politics and its practitioners are judged and found sadly wanting, such a volume as this, looking at human nature in its fullest dimension and applying it to an understanding of the problems of society - reinvigorating the original project of Aristotle - is as provocatively stimulating as it is badly needed.' --Michael Ruse, Florida State University, US'Stalwart biopolitics scholars Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit continue their long-running contributions to the cause, this time by assembling, in a single jam-packed volume, dozens of timely, insightful, thought-provoking contributions from an A-list of researchers in this exciting, inter-disciplinary subfield.' --John Hibbing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USTable of ContentsContents: Part I: Introduction 1. What Is Biopolitics? Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit 2. The Organizational Structure of Biology in Politics Robert Hunt Sprinkle 3. Believers and Disbelievers in Evolution and Climate Change Allan Mazur 4. Michel Foucault’s Perspective on Biopolitics Vanessa Lemm and Miguel Vatter Part II: Biological Approaches to Politics 5. The Evolution of Politics: A Biological Approach Peter A. Corning 6. Genes and Politics Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz and Amanda Friesen 7. The Brain and Politics Robert H. Blank 8. Evolutionary Psychology and Political Psychology: How to use Evolutionary Psychology to Theorize about Political Psychology Michael Bang Petersen Part III: Biology and the Fields of Political Science 9. Political Philosophy: An Evolutionary Perspective Albert Somit 10. Biology and International Relations John M. Friend and Bradley A. Thayer 11. Comparative Politics and Biology Werner J. Patzelt 12. Research Methodology in Biopolitics Albert Somit and Steven A. Peterson 13. Political Ethics and Biology Kenneth C. Blanchard Jr 14. Political Behavior and Biology: Evolutionary Leadership and Followership Ronald F. White 15. Mass Political Behavior and Biology Gregg R. Murray 16. Public Administration and the Life Sciences: Pathways Forward Joseph Losco 17. Media Biopolitics: The Emergence of a Subfield Erik P. Bucy 18. Biopolicy and Policymaking Odelia Funke 19. Observational Research Methods and Politics Bobbie J. Foster and Patrick A. Stewart Part IV: Biopolicy 20. Policy Implications of Biosocial Research Danielle Boisvert and Jamie C. Vaske 21. Genetic Modification of Food: A Comparative Examination of Policy Environments Tony E. Wohlers 22. Toxins, Health, and Behavior: Implications of Toxicology for Public Policy Roger D. Masters 23. The Science of Human Nature and the Social Contract: A Biological Frame for Public Policy Peter A. Corning 24. Climate Change and Environmental Security: Implications for National and Homeland Security Kent Hughes Butts 25. The Ties That Bind: Policy Implications of Evolutionary and Developmental Perspectives on Women and Their Children’s Reproductive Strategies Laurette T. Liesen 26. Darwinian Democracy? How Evolutionary Theory Informs Constitutional Design Michael Latner 27. Engineering the Future: New Frontiers for Biopolitics Amy L. Fletcher 28. From Biodiversity to Policies to Politics Denis Couvet Part V: Reflections on Biology and Politics 29. Controversies in Biology: Implications for the Study of Biology and Politics Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit 30. The Crystal Ball: Biology, Political Science, and Biopolitics Albert Somit and Steven A. Peterson Index

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Book SynopsisWhy are so few electric cars in our streets today? Why is it difficult to introduce electronic patient records in our hospitals? To answer these questions we need to understand how state and non-state actors interact with the purpose of transforming socio-technical systems.Examining the 'who' (agents), 'how' (policy instruments) and 'why' (societal legitimacy) of the governance process, this book presents a conceptual framework for the governance of change in socio-technical systems. Bridging the gap between disciplinary fields, expert contributions provide innovative empirical cases of different modes of governing change. The Governance of Socio-Technical Systems offers a stepping-stone towards building a theory of governance of change and presents a new research agenda on the interaction between science, technology and society.This book will appeal to scholars in the fields of political science, economics, STS and innovation studies, who are interested in the processes of socio-technical change, their democratic legitimacy, and the governance of grand societal challenges.Contributors: D. Barberá-Tomás, M. Barbier, P. Biegelbauer, S. Borrás, A. Daemmrich, A. Delemarle, J. Edler, S. Kuhlmann, P. Larédo, D. Lehner, A. Loconto, J. Molas-Gallart, P. Stegmaier, E. Vignola-Gagné, V.R. VisserTrade Review'[The book] makes a very valid contribution. . . unpacking the uncertainty and the instability of the governance of complex systems while proposing some avenues to reduce the potentially excessive 'universality' of the concept. . . Efforts such as this one by Borrás et al. help pave the way in what remains a largely uncharted - yet fundamental field of research.' --Science & Public Policy'It is difficult to think of a more pressingly momentous political challenge than the topic addressed in this volume, and there could hardly be a better group of researchers to unfold key implications. In the broadest of senses referred to here, 'socio-technical systems' pervade all the great political dilemmas of the contemporary world. Across sectors spanning health, food, water, energy, environment and security, growing imperatives are recognised under diverse political perspectives for radically transformative change. What is needed is innovative interdisciplinary thinking combined with scholarly rigour and close attention to detail. And motivations are required that are more animated by enabling hope than by debilitating fear. All these qualities are evident in abundance in this timely and engaging volume. Offering the kinds of fresh ideas, intense commitment and expansive vision that are so essential to success, the authors and editors are to be congratulated on a robust and timely contribution.' --Andrew Stirling, University of Sussex, UK'The governance of change in socio-technical and innovation systems has been a neglected topic for too long. Finally, we have a collection which brings together an interdisciplinary perspective and points towards fresh empirical and theoretical possibilities. Ambitious and challenging but well-structured, this book suggests new interconnections between political science, science and technology studies, and economics. Any social scientist seeking to understand the governance of socio-technical change should start here.' --Alan Irwin, Dean of Research at Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: On Governance, Systems and Change Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler 2. The Governance of Change in Socio-Technical and Innovation Systems: Three Pillars for a Conceptual Framework Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler 3. Anticipatory Markets: Technical Standards as a Governance Tool in the Development of Biodegradable Plastics Arthur Daemmrich 4. Transitioning Sustainability: Performing ‘Governing by Standards’ Allison Loconto and Marc Barbier 5. Governance and Technological Change: The Effects Of Regulation In Medical Devices David Barberá-Tomás and Jordi Molas-Gallart 6. The Discontinuation in Socio-Technical Systems as Governance Problem Peter Stegmaier, Stefan Kuhlmann and Vincent R. Visser 7. Translational Research: Entrepreneurship, Advocacy and Programmatic Work in the Governance of Biomedical Innovation Etienne Vignola-Gagné, Peter Biegelbauer and Daniel Lehner 8. Governing Radical Change Through the Building of a Governance Arrangement Aurélie Delemarle and Philippe Larédo 9. The Who, What, How and Why of Governing Change. First Lessons and Ways Forward Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler Index

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Book SynopsisInnovation underpins competitiveness, is crucial to addressing societal challenges, and its support has become a major public policy goal. But what really works in innovation policy, and why? This Handbook, compiled by leading experts in the field, is the first comprehensive guide to understanding the logic and effects of innovation polices. The Handbook develops a conceptualization and typology of innovation policies, presents meta-evaluations for 16 key innovation policy instruments and analyses evidence on policy-mix. For each policy instrument, underlying rationales and examples are presented, along with a critical analysis of the available impact evidence. Providing access to primary sources of impact analysis, the book offers an insightful assessment of innovation policy practice and its evaluation. The Handbook's final chapter draws overall conclusions, reflects on the merits and limits of evaluation and impact analysis in innovation policy and suggests tangible improvements.This Handbook is an indispensable source for researchers, analysts, students and practitioners of innovation policy at all levels, as well as all those interested in policy analysis and evaluation more generally.Contributors include: K. Blind, J. Cassingena Harper, P. Cunningham, J. Edler, K. Flanagan, A. Gök, D. Grimshaw, B. Jones, C. Köhler, P. Larédo, R. Ramlogan, C. Rammer, J. Rigby, P. Shapira, E. Uyarra, J. YoutieTrade Review'This is a highly important and timely Handbook. Innovation is of growing importance for future growth and wellbeing, as the foundation for new businesses, jobs and productivity growth, to help address climate change and other global challenges, and as way to improving public services. But we still know too little about what drives innovation, and which policies can make innovation work. This Handbook is an important effort to fill this gap. It provides a systematic analysis of the evidence on a wide range of innovation policy instruments, ranging from fiscal incentives to R&D, to cluster policies, to pre-commercial procurement. It also explores the various policy rationales that underpin innovation policies and provides practical examples of a wide range of policies. The Handbook will be a highly valuable reference for academics and policy makers alike, in OECD countries and beyond. It will certainly be a key source for the work of the OECD on innovation and innovation policy, and will hopefully be the start of further work to strengthen the evidence base for innovation policies.' --Dirk Pilat, Head, Science and Technology Policy Division, OECD Directorate for Science, Technology & Industry'Much more than a ''handbook'', this volume reviews what we have learned over 30 years of innovation policy and synthesizes the lessons into action. The timing could not be more crucial: Academics, policy makers, politicians, stakeholders and evaluators increasingly ask the question of "what works?" when it comes to innovation policy. The demand for innovation policy to deliver more growth, better competitiveness, and improved public services is growing. This Handbook sets the standard for learning in innovation policy, as it brings together and analyses the existing evidence on the full range of innovation policy measures. Analysis is at the core of the approach taken by the authors and editors, reporting on the breadth and quality of the underlying evidence. Its major merit lies in conceptualising innovation policy in ways that appeal to many stakeholders. The Handbook is not just cheerleading for innovation-it takes a critical stance on the meaning of context, the shortcomings of some existing evidence and methods, and the conditions and limits of policy interventions. It is a breakthrough in the literature on impact of innovation policy, of highest possible value to academics, evaluators, and policy makers who are making the tough decisions about the future of competitiveness and innovation.' --Caroline S. Wagner, Battelle Center for Science & Technology Policy, The Ohio State University, US and Editor of Science and Public Policy'Business, media and policymakers all increasingly emphasize innovation as a source of economic development and as a mean to tackle social challenges that arise. As a consequence the question of how public policy can stimulate innovation has received more attention, and a number of different policy instruments - and combinations of these - have emerged and also tried out in practice. This book, written by a highly qualified team of experts from the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, addresses the question of what is known about the effects of innovation policy, i.e., what works under which circumstances and why. For this purpose fifteen different types of innovation policy, ranging from for example R&D subsidies via public procurement to regulation and technology foresight, are distinguished and almost 600 previous evaluations of various aspects of innovation policy consulted. The interaction of different policies, e.g., the policy mix, is also considered. The highly authoritative volume offers a unique overview and synthesis of the available knowledge on innovation policy impacts. It will be indispensable reading for scholars as well as policy makers interested in this relatively new and rapidly growing field of public policy.'' --Jan Fagerberg, University of Oslo, NorwayTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Making Sense of Innovation Policy Jakob Edler, Abdullah Gök, Paul Cunningham, and Philip Shapira 2. The Impact of Fiscal Incentives for R&D Philippe Larédo, Christian Köhler and Christian Rammer 3. The Impact of Direct Support to R&D and Innovation in Firms Paul Cunningham, Abdullah Gök and Philippe Larédo 4. The Impact of Skill Formation Policies on Innovation Barbara Jones and Damian Grimshaw 5. The Impact and Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Policy John Rigby and Ronnie Ramlogan 6. The Impact of Technology and Innovation Advisory Services Philip Shapira and Jan Youtie 7. The Impact of Cluster Policy on Innovation Elvira Uyarra and Ronnie Ramlogan 8. The Impact of Innovation Policy Schemes for Collaboration Paul Cunningham and Abdullah Gök 9. The Impact of Innovation Networks Paul Cunningham and Ronnie Ramlogan 10. The Impact of Policy Measures to Stimulate Private Demand for Innovation Jakob Edler 11. The Impact of Public Procurement of Innovation Elvira Uyarra 12. The Impact of Pre-Commercial Procurement on Innovation John Rigby 13. The Impact of Innovation Inducement Prizes Abdullah Gök 14. The Impact of Standardisation and Standards on Innovation Knut Blind 15. The Impact of Regulation on Innovation Knut Blind 16. The Impact of Technology Foresight on Innovation and Innovation Policy Jennifer Cassingena Harper 17. The Innovation Policy Mix Paul Cunningham, Jakob Edler, Kieron Flanagan and Philippe Larédo 18. Conclusions: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Innovation Policy Intervention Jakob Edler, Philip Shapira, Paul Cunningham and Abdullah Gök Index

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Book SynopsisThis is a very timely book! Public procurement for innovation has become a prominent tool of demand-side innovation policy in recent years. A better understanding of the underlying assumptions and intentions, as well as the opportunities of this bundle of instruments and their limitations, is highly relevant for both innovation policy analysts, students and practitioners. The book presents the latest knowledge and insights of world-leading experts in the field of public procurement for innovation.'- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands, President of the European Forum for Studies of Policies for Research and InnovationPublic procurement for innovation (PPI) is a demand-side innovation policy instrument. It occurs when a public organization places an order for the fulfillment of certain functions or needs, which cannot be met at that moment or within a reasonable period of time through a new or improved product.Providing evidence of the benefits to public and private actors from selective use of this policy instrument, this book illustrates the requirements and constraints for its operationalization. It significantly improves our knowledge of the key determinants of effective public procurement, aiming to promote innovative capabilities in the supplying sectors and beyond. It also provides case studies and conceptual contributions that help extend the frontier of our understanding in areas where there are still significant knowledge gaps.Scholars interested in the study of innovation policies and practitioners involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of PPI will benefit from this state-of-the-art exploration.Contributors: Y. Caloghirou, J. Edler, C. Edquist, A.T. Furtado, L. Georghiou, Y. Li, J. Nauta, P. Panaghiotopoulos, A. Protogerou, C. Garcia Ribeiro, J. Rigby, M. Rolfstam, L. Tsipouri, E. Uyarra, V. Valovirta, H. van Meerveld, N.S. Vonortas, G. Whyles, J. Yeow, J.M. Zabala-IturriagagoitiaTrade Review‘This book contributes in two ways: first, it defines concepts and proposes a PPI typology and methodological tools for implementation in future PPI studies to enable consistent comparisons among regions and countries. Second, it provides an empirical survey and case study evidence of the effectiveness of PPI in countries at different stages of development in Europe, the USA, China, and Brazil . . . This book is highly recommended.’? -- Science and Public Policy?‘This is a very timely book! Public procurement for innovation has become a prominent tool of demand-side innovation policy in recent years. A better understanding of the underlying assumptions and intentions, as well as the opportunities of this bundle of instruments and their limitations, is highly relevant for both innovation policy analysts, students and practitioners. The book presents the latest knowledge and insights of world-leading experts in the field of public procurement for innovation.’ -- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands, President of the European Forum for Studies of Policies for Research and Innovation‘This book introduces a range of PPI-related issues and concludes that more knowledge is needed about the organizational conditions for more efficient and effective PPI results. The concluding chapter summarizes the various contributions, draws some lessons from the case studies, and argues that more research on PPI would benefit from an evaluation of demand-side and innovation policies to provide new methods and frameworks to enhance their effectiveness. This book is highly recommended.’ -- Science and Public PolicyTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Charles Edquist, Nicholas S. Vonortas and Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia PART I CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. The Meaning and Limitations of Public Procurement for Innovation: A Supplier’s Experience Jakob Edler, Luke Georghiou, Elvira Uyarra and Jillian Yeow 3. Building Capability for Public Procurement of Innovation Ville Valovirta 4. Risk Management in Public Procurement of Innovation: A Conceptualisation Jakob Edler, Max Rolfstam, Lena Tsipouri and Elvira Uyarra 5. Forward Commitment Procurement and its Effect on Perceived Risks in PPI Projects. Hendrik van Meerveld, Joram Nauta and Gaynor Whyles PART II CASE STUDIES 6. Innovative Public Procurement in the United States Nicolas S. Vonortas 7. Public Procurement for Innovation Elements in the Chinese New Energy Vehicles Program Yanchao Li, Luke Georghiou and John Rigby 8. Public Procurement for eGovernment Services: Challenges and Problems Related to the Implementation of a New Innovative Scheme in Greek Local Authorities Yannis Caloghirou, Aimilia Protogerou and Panagiotis Panaghiotopoulos 9. Closing the Loop – Examining the Case of the Procurement of a Sustainable Innovation Jillian Yeow, Elvira Uyarra and Sally Gee 10. Public Procurement for Innovation in Developing Countries: The Case of Petrobras Cássio Garcia Ribeiro and André Tosi Furtado 11. Lessons, Limitations and Way Forward Jakob Edler, Charles Edquist, Nicholas S. Vonortas and Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia Index

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Book SynopsisScience and public policy go hand in hand, yet their relationship is fraught with tension. Society demands innovation through new research and technology, as well as ensuring that scientific progress is socially acceptable and sustainable. This Handbook examines the fluctuating relationship between public policy and science, and in particular the impact, both nationally and internationally of these changes on research. Examining the interlinked models of science and social policy, this Handbook addresses a number of overarching questions: what are the consequences of changing science policies for science and science systems? How far do these consequences go? Do they tackle the fundamental principles of science, its norms, standards, and reputation systems? And what impact does this have on modern science and technology? With contributions from leading scholars in the field, the Handbook on Science and Public Policy provides answers from a broad scope of theoretical and conceptual perspectives. This is a much-needed reference for students of public policy and politics, as well as for scholars with an interest in science policy in particular. The wide range of insights will also be of interest to analysts of science policy.Trade Review'Without any doubt, the relation between scientific practices and public policies has changed considerably over the past quarter of a century. Internationalization has increased, in the form of both co-operation and competition. Innovation has become a policy keyword for assessing scientific outcome, while scholars themselves have observed changes in knowledge production. New indicators for assessing scientific quality and impact have proliferated, and they are increasingly used as policy tools. Rich in both substance and diversity, this volume makes a big step towards providing a much-needed comprehensive assessment of a wide range of interrelated changes in the relation between science and public policy.' --Peter Wagner, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain'This Handbook offers a comprehensive analysis of the complex and fluid relationships between science, society and science policy. A combination of theoretical, empirical, comparative and transnational contributions by a multidisciplinary group of acknowledged scholars offers novel perspectives on forms of collaborative knowledge production and ways of renegotiating the contract between science, society and public policy. At a time of rising anti-science rhetoric, this volume offers a valuable counterweight, which should be widely read by academics and policy practitioners alike.' --Sigrid Quack, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany'This Handbook offers an interesting look at the evolving state-of-the-art research on science, public policy and society. A number of internationally leading scholars provide valuable empirical observations together with inspiring theoretical considerations regarding changes in societal, normative and epistemic foundations, in the configuration of actors, framings and governance arrangements, as well as an outlook on research challenges and opportunities. This is a highly recommended read for academics as well as for reflective practitioners.' --Daniel Barben, University of Klagenfurt, AustriaTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I Changing contract between science, society, and public policy 1. Next Generation Science Policy and Grand Challenges Stefan Kuhlmann and Arie Rip 2. Responsible Innovation and Responsible Research and Innovation Richard Owen and Mario Pansera 3. Normative answers – epistemic questions. Updating the science-society contract Sabine Maasen and Sascha Dickel 4. Re-making the modern constitution: The case for an observatory on public engagement practices Jan-Peter Voß Part II Changing national/global science and policy landscape 5. Global Science for Global Challenges Caroline S. Wagner 6. The current state of the art of science diplomacy Tim Flink and Nicolas Rüffin 7. Bringing the Rules Back In. Peer Review, Bureaucracy and the Reform of Science Governance in France (1960-2010) Jérôme Aust and Clémentine Gozlan 8. U.S. Scientific Collaboration on Research and Policy: The Necessity of Global Engagement Elizabeth A. Corley 9. Australian science policy: funding, focus and failings Karen Hussey, Christopher McEwan, Julia Playford Part III Changing actors and framings of science and public policy 10. Innovation and the Marginalisation of Research Benoît Godin 11. Changing Science Policies, Authority Relationships and Innovations in Public Science Systems Richard Whitley 12. Higher Education developments and the effects on Science Jeroen Huisman and Marco Seeber 13. New Forms of Policy Expertise Holger Strassheim and Weert Canzler 14. Innovation, excellence and reputation: The persistence of the German science system Andreas Knie and Dagmar Simon 15. Gender in European Research Policy Liudvika Leišytė Part IV Changing production of knowledge 16. Processing issues in science policy: emerging epistemic regimes Stefan Böschen 17. Changing Science Society Relations in the Digital Age: The Citizen Science Movement and its Broader Implications Martina Franzen 18. Triple Helix: A Universal Innovation Model? Henry Etzkowitz and Alice Zhou 19. Interdisciplinarity Put to Test: Science policy rhetoric vs. scientific practice – the case of integrating the social sciences and humanities in Horizon 2020 Julia Stamm Part V Changing governance of scientific research and related public policies 20. Changes in European Research and Innovation Governance: Coordination Effects & Membership Effects Susana Borrás 21. How Can Governance Change Research Content? Linking Science Policy Studies to the Sociology of Science Jochen Gläser 22. The changing governance of research systems. Agencification and organizational differentiation in research funding organizations Benedetto Lepori and Emanuela Reale 23. Globalization and the rise of rankings Paul Wouters 24. Assessing the Broader Impacts of Publicly Funded Research Claire Donovan Part VI Changing Studies of Science Policy, Science, and Innovation 25. Why science and innovation policy needs Science and Technology Studies? Robin Williams 26. The future of science policy and innovation studies: Some challenges and the factors underlying them Ben R. Martin Index

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Book SynopsisScience has become a central political concern with massive increases in public investment, but resources are embedded in a complex web of expectations that vary between countries and regions. This book outlines an insightful understanding of science policy as both concerning the governance of science itself through priority-setting, funding, organization and articulation with polity, society and economy, and its extra-organizational connections in terms of higher education, innovation and national policy concerns.The New Global Politics of Science examines how science and innovation have become truly global, and the consequences of this for scientists, policymakers and citizens. This book provides an overview of how research policies have evolved in different countries and contexts. It also examines how science research has been aligned with nation-building and state-formation, enmeshed in meta-governance, and how this relates to economic growth.Analysing how knowledge policies have been forged in their specific historical and geographical settings, this book will be an invaluable tool for scholars and policymakers in the fields of science, innovation and public policy.Trade Review'Mats Benner's The New Global Politics of Science: Knowledge, Markets and the State provides an analytically insightful and impressively wide ranging contemporary account of the governance, or ''knowledge politics'', of research across major national performers. The informed and balanced integration of analytical themes spanning national innovation systems, the politics of research, and science and technological studies make it a valuable contribution to several fields of study.' --Irwin Feller, Pennsylvania State University, US'Benner's ambitious book globalizes the field of knowledge policy, showing how the universal link between science and economic growth, across all world regions supersedes previous distinctions among nations based upon traditional political and military criteria.' --Henry Etzkowitz, Stanford University, US'The New Global Politics of Science ventures to study and analyze the growing national investment in science, including academic science. Mats Benner shows that while global forces are real and important, the nation-states and geography remain critical determinants of R&D productivity. His case study approach, including China, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States, and the pan-European research area, explores both differences and similarities in regional science systems and the heightened sense of competition and shared responsibility. Science remains not only the Endless Frontier, but increasingly the primary means of economic and, one hopes, social progress.' --John Aubrey Douglass, University of California, Berkeley, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The new global politics of research 2. China – the antinomies of catching up 3. India waits – The protracted route to a Knowledge State 4. Singapore and Hong Kong – small, similar but different 5. Why is there no knowledge policy in the United States? 6. The European Union – straddling interests and expectations 7. Europe beyond the European Union: a multitude of models 8. Reprise: the new global politics of research References Index

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Book SynopsisDifferent theories, models and narratives of innovation compete for both legitimacy and authority. However, despite the variations, they all offer a consistent pro-innovation bias, dismissing resistance as irrational, and overlooking the value of non-users and collateral impacts. This book asks, what has been left out? It offers a reflexive view and invites researchers to consider new avenues of research, through a critique of current representations of innovation. The chapters provide a different viewpoint on innovation by exploring what has been omitted from traditional innovation studies. The book examines imitation, non-innovative roles, resistance to innovation, slow innovation, the rationale of non-users, failure, withdrawal, collateral impacts and alternative models. Calling for new definitions and frameworks, the editors have created a critical program for innovation studies with new avenues for future research. Offering state-of-the-art discussion of theories, models, narratives and ideologies of innovation and alternative approaches, this book will be an essential resource for scholars in technology and innovation, management, engineering, political and social sciences. It will also appeal to policy-makers in the science and technology sector.Contributors include: C. Bagattolli, M.W. Bauer, L. Becerra, K. Berglund, T. Brandão, C. Cañibano, M.I. Encinar, G. Gaglio, S. Garrido, B. Godin, F. Goulet, J. Juhl, J. Langrish, K.-H. Leitner, F.-F. Muñoz, S.M. Pfotenhauer, B. Segercrantz, J. Söderberg, K.-E. Sveiby, H. Thomas, D. Vinck, L. VinselTrade Review‘There is much to explore in this volume, and much to look forward to as future scholars build upon it.. . . An interdisciplinary book such as Critical Studies of Innovation is a treasure because wrestling with these unique, and varying, perspectives can yield new insights to the -- curious and patient reader.’– Logan D. A. Williams, Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy‘Critical Studies of Innovation is a critically important and seminal work of outstanding scholarship that is unreservedly recommended for both college and university library collections and supplemental studies reading lists.’ -- Midwest Book Review‘This book provides an indispensable collection of insights into the world outside the nimbus of superiority that surrounds innovation to this day. The book is a treasure trove for any student and scholar and a must-have for any library!' -- ForesightTable of ContentsContents: Innovation: From the Forbidden to a Cliché Benoît Godin and Dominique Vinck Part I Problematic frameworks and narratives of innovation 1. Why is Imitation not Innovation? Benoît Godin 2. “Innovation fads” as an alternative research topic to pro-innovation bias. The examples of Jugaad and reverse innovation Gérald Gaglio 3. ‘Best practices’ as mimesis? Innovation policies in peripheral countries Tiago Brandão and Carolina Bagattolli 4. Innovation and the political state: Beyond the myth of technology and markets Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer and Joakim Juhl Part II What is left with the pro-innovation bias 5. Moving towards innovation through withdrawal: the neglect of destruction Frédéric Goulet and Dominique Vinck 6. Comparing two cases of outlaw innovation: file sharing and legal highs Johan Söderberg 7. Unattended consequences of innovation Karl-Erik Sveiby Part III Reactions to innovation 8. Resistance as a latent factor of innovation Martin W. Bauer 9. Socio-technical dynamics of counter-hegemony and resistance Hernan Thomas, Lucas Becerra and Santiago Garrido 10. “No” and “slow” innovation strategies as a response to increased innovation speed Karl-Heinz Leitner Part IV Alternatives frameworks 11. Learning thanks to innovation failure Dominique Vinck 12. The economic rationality of NOvative behavior Carolina Cañibano, María-Isabel Encinar and Félix-Fernando Muñoz 13. Regulatory enforcement as sociotechnical systems maintenance Lee Vinsel 14. A discourse analysis of innovation in academic management literature Beata Segercrantz, Karl-Erik Sveiby and Karin Berglund 15. Physics or biology as models for the study of innovation John Langrish Conclusion: Toward Critical Studies of Innovation Benoît Godin and Dominique Vinck Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the design and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in rural areas, based on collaboration between well-known corporates and an international research organization. Researchers used various scientific tools and methods to enhance rural livelihoods and improve sustainable natural resources management. Including three chapters covering the philosophy and practices of CSR, this book covers emerging policies and their implications in India. Eight case studies based on actual practices explore climate-resilient agriculture, water footprint, improving livelihoods, diversification of crop pattern, enhancing crop productivity, and sustainable development in low rainfall regions. Five further chapters cover soil health improvement, improving rural wastewater management and enhancing rural livelihoods, based on various case studies. The book offers macro and micro perspectives of CSR work and its critical benefits to both community and natural resources. This book covers: Philosophy and practices of corporate social responsibility. Impact studies on improving livelihoods and sustainable development of natural resources. Process steps across various CSR initiatives. Distinct features of each corporate agency. This book will be useful to corporates, individuals involved in CSR work as well as students and researchers focused on agricultural development and the sustainable development of natural resources.Table of Contents1: Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Philosophy, Policy and Practice 2: A Holistic Approach for Achieving Impact through CSR 3: Building Soil Health, Improving Carbon Footprint and Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through CSR 4: CSR and Climate-resilient Agriculture – A JSW Case Study 5: Improving Livelihoods through Watershed Interventions: A Case Study of SABMiller India Project 6: Improved Livelihoods – A Case Study from Asian Paints Limited 7: Improving Water Availability and Diversification of Cropping Systems in Pilot Villages of North and Southern India 8: Scaling-up of Science-led Development – Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Initiative 9: Increasing Agricultural Productivity of Farming Systems in Parts of Central India – Sir Ratan Tata Trust Initiative 10: Sustainable Development of Fragile Low-rainfall Regions – Power Grid Corporation of India Initiative 11: Farmer-centric Integrated Water Management for Improving Livelihoods – A Case Study of Rural Electrification Corporation Limited 12: Improving Rural Wastewater Management 13: Learnings and a Way Forward

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Book SynopsisAt a time when Asia is rapidly growing in global influence, this much-needed and insightful book bridges two major current policy topics in order to offer a unique study of the latest smart city archetypes emerging throughout Asia. Highlighting the smart city aspirations of Asian countries and their role in Asian governments' new development strategies, this book draws out timely narratives and insights from a uniquely Asian context and policymaking space. Each carefully curated chapter studies a national or local government-led smart city project and how it specifically relates to local institutions, political dynamics and development challenges in a region that is rapidly urbanising and growing economically. Collectively, these pressing contributions offer a comparative look at the policies and practices of smart cities, seen through the lens of local scholars and experts. Thoughtful and engaging, this book will prove valuable reading for students and scholars of public policy and Asian studies, as well as those with a specific interest in urban studies and planning, and science and technology policy. Policymakers and practitioners will also benefit from the rich information and up-to-date analysis on offer. Contributors include: T. Chatterji, M.-Y. Foo, J.-S. Hwang, S.A. Imawan, Y.-M. Joo, C.K. Khoo, K.C. Lee, X. Li, M. Manning, K.-M. Nam, J.-i. Noh, O.-o. Poocharoen, A.B. Pratama, S. Roy, T.-B. Tan, J.L. Tao, P. Thiengburanathum, S.-s. Wu, X. Yang, M. Yarime, L. YeTrade Review‘This volume is a handy resource for scholars and practitioners seeking to identify relevant smart city policies, their evolution trajectories, and the government actors or agencies involved in their development in a particular country, just as the editors intended. The book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Asian urbanism as well as those in public policy seeking to learn from the process of smart city policy developments outside the West.’ -- Nidhi Subramanyam, Journal of Urban Affairs‘Many cities have already started transitioning to smart cities as described in Smart Cities in Asia and will continue to emerge following the path of the cities explored in this informative and insightful collection of case studies containing valuable lessons for a smart city future to come.’ -- Balazs Laki, Progress in Development Studies‘Smart Cities in Asia is a timely addition to the ongoing debate about the local manifestation of this globally circulating policy idea.’ -- Christian Dimmer, Pacific Affairs'This book is a timely and welcome addition to the growing body of knowledge on smart cities in Asia. Covering major smart cities in East, Southeast and South Asia, it thoughtfully examines the reasons why these conurbations are eagerly jumping onto the smart cities bandwagon, their progress so far and the key policies introduced. Focusing on an increasingly important region in the global economy, this edited volume is not only an important contribution to the literature but also an essential read for anyone interested in smart cities in Asia.' --Kwok Yan Lam, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeTable of ContentsContents: 1 Smart cities in Asia: an introduction 1 Yu-Min Joo and Teck-Boon Tan SMART CITIES OF THE FOUR ASIAN TIGERS AND JAPAN 2 The Smart Nation: unpacking Singapore’s latest mega-digitalisation push 19 Yu-Min Joo, Teck-Boon Tan and Ming-Yee Foo 3 Smart-city vision and strategy in Hong Kong 38 Xin Li, Kyung-Min Nam and Chee Keong Khoo 4 Smart Taipei City: understanding policy motivations, approaches and implementation 61 Shang-su Wu 5 The evolution of smart city in South Korea: the smart city winter and the city-as-a-platform 78 Jong-Sung Hwang 6 Facilitating innovation for smart cities: the role of public policies in the case of Japan 93 Masaru Yarime SMART CITY INITIATIVES OF TWO ASIAN GIANTS 7 The smart city policy of India and its governance implications 108 Souvanic Roy and Tathagata Chatterji 8 Smart cities in China: development background, policy measures and implementations 127 Xinhui Yang and Lin Ye SECOND-TIER CITIES AND SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT 9 Bureaucratic readiness for smart city initiatives: a mini study in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia 148 Arif Budy Pratama and Satria Aji Imawan 10 The smart city as a complex adaptive system: the ebbs and flows of humans and materials 162 Ora-orn Poocharoen, Poon Thiengburanathum and Kian Cheng Lee 11 ‘Green’ and ‘smart’ in South Korea: conceptions from the state to the citizen 180 Michael Manning, Jill L. Tao and Jae-in Noh Index 199

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Book SynopsisThis insightful book explores the citizen-government relation, as mediated through artificial intelligence (AI). Through a critical lens, Jérôme Duberry examines the role of AI in the relation and its implications for the quality of liberal democracy and the strength of civic capacity.In his analysis of AI, Duberry covers three key objectives: illustrating where and how AI is used in the context of citizen-government relations; highlighting the specific risks of using AI for citizen-government relations; and calling for a dedicated framework for assessing AI in these contexts. The author assesses the promises and pitfalls of AI at various levels of the citizen-government relation, including citizen participation, civic technology and political communication. Employing empirical findings from in-depth case studies and interviews with 40 experts in the field, the book stresses the burgeoning need for an innovative, human-centric management of AI in the citizen-government relation based on risk assessment that prioritises equality, freedom, human rights and popular sovereignty.Intervening at a key watershed in the history of digital politics, this timely book is key reading for researchers and scholars of political science and public policy, particularly those studying the digital landscape of contemporary policy and politics. It also offers significant empirical insights into the benefits and risks of AI for policymakers and civil servants working with new technologies.Trade Review‘The work presented in this book is considerable and remarkable. This book, a true state of the art of transdisciplinary knowledge on the subject, constitutes a reference in this new field of study.’ -- Solange Ghernaouti, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland‘The author has tackled an extremely important topic at a pivotal moment. And he has done so with a structurally sound book that explores both the positive and negative potential afforded by digital technologies relating to democracy. Most importantly, there are well-substantiated conclusions found here on how exactly the tectonic shifts created by AI can be better understood and managed in democratic societies.’ -- Steven J. Barela, Université de Genève, Switzerland‘This is a remarkable effort to offer an insightful understanding of the complex place and functions that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is acquiring in contemporary politics and society. This is definitely a necessary and illuminating contribution to our understanding of the many opportunities and risks that the increasing use of AI unfolds for democratic participation.’ -- Josep Ibañez, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, SpainTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. AI to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of public services 2. Policy entrepreneurs: Skills and resources to identify and exploit open policy windows 3. AI and information dissemination: Challenging citizens’ access to relevant and reliable information 4. AI in public and private forms of surveillance: Challenging trust in the citizen–government relations 5. AI and the persuasion industry: Eroding the policy entrepreneurial resources and skills of citizens 6. AI and the weaponization of information: Hybrid threats against trust between citizens and democratic institutions 7. AI and civic tech: Engaging citizens in decision-making processes but not without risks Concluding remarks Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This insightful Advanced Introduction provides an in-depth review of current U.S. technology policy, tracing the legislative history of policies such as the Economic Recovery Tax Act, the Small Business Innovation Development Act and the National Cooperative Research Act. The critical elements of the ecosystem in which technology policy exists are also discussed, with a particular focus on U.S. patent policy and U.S. investments in infrastructure technology. Key features include: Historical trace of U.S. technology policy ideas over the past 75 years Comparison of U.S. technology policies to those in other nations Agenda for future thinking about U.S. technology policy Integrated discussion of U.S. technology policy Economic rationale for U.S. technology policy This Advanced Introduction will be invaluable for international business leaders and policymakers, in addition to scholars in economics, public administration, business and public policy.Trade Review'Al Link and James Cunningham start their book by noting Vannevar Bush’s famed Science - The Endless Frontier. It is now the 75th anniversary of that work and we are overdue for a fresh look at the technology policy system Bush helped establish. Their work traces the institutional context for American technology policy and the core laws and policies that have evolved it, applying a clear grasp of the private sector's development role. Their book is a rich and thoughtful exploration, and a ''must read'' for all those interested in technology policy.' -- William Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US'Albert N. Link and James Cunningham provide a fresh perspective on the role of government in the now massive U.S. science and technology enterprise with their new book, Advanced Introduction to Technology Policy. The book is a comprehensive introduction to the scale and scope of U.S. technology policy today and well worth adding to the bookshelves of advanced students and practitioners alike. The authors carefully recap the changes in the relationship between government and technology development since the Cold War era, chronicle the forces shaping the technology policy landscape, and explore the five prominent policy options they consider to be the foundation for U.S. technology policy today. Concluding with a roadmap of the current maze of technology policy mechanisms, they identify what they view as two missing elements in today’s toolbox for enhancing the nation’s innovation engine.' -- Peter Blair, George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Context PART I POLICIES TO INCREASE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 2. Research tax credits 3. Research subsidies 4. Collaborative research incentives PART II POLICIES TO LEVERAGE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 5. Incentivizing patenting activity in the academic sector 6. Incentivizing patenting activity in the public sector PART III RECONCILING POLICY INITIATIVES 7. U.S. technology policy 8. Concluding remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This insightful Advanced Introduction provides an in-depth review of current U.S. technology policy, tracing the legislative history of policies such as the Economic Recovery Tax Act, the Small Business Innovation Development Act and the National Cooperative Research Act. The critical elements of the ecosystem in which technology policy exists are also discussed, with a particular focus on U.S. patent policy and U.S. investments in infrastructure technology. Key features include: Historical trace of U.S. technology policy ideas over the past 75 years Comparison of U.S. technology policies to those in other nations Agenda for future thinking about U.S. technology policy Integrated discussion of U.S. technology policy Economic rationale for U.S. technology policy This Advanced Introduction will be invaluable for international business leaders and policymakers, in addition to scholars in economics, public administration, business and public policy.Trade Review'Al Link and James Cunningham start their book by noting Vannevar Bush’s famed Science - The Endless Frontier. It is now the 75th anniversary of that work and we are overdue for a fresh look at the technology policy system Bush helped establish. Their work traces the institutional context for American technology policy and the core laws and policies that have evolved it, applying a clear grasp of the private sector's development role. Their book is a rich and thoughtful exploration, and a ''must read'' for all those interested in technology policy.' -- William Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US'Albert N. Link and James Cunningham provide a fresh perspective on the role of government in the now massive U.S. science and technology enterprise with their new book, Advanced Introduction to Technology Policy. The book is a comprehensive introduction to the scale and scope of U.S. technology policy today and well worth adding to the bookshelves of advanced students and practitioners alike. The authors carefully recap the changes in the relationship between government and technology development since the Cold War era, chronicle the forces shaping the technology policy landscape, and explore the five prominent policy options they consider to be the foundation for U.S. technology policy today. Concluding with a roadmap of the current maze of technology policy mechanisms, they identify what they view as two missing elements in today’s toolbox for enhancing the nation’s innovation engine.' -- Peter Blair, George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Context PART I POLICIES TO INCREASE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 2. Research tax credits 3. Research subsidies 4. Collaborative research incentives PART II POLICIES TO LEVERAGE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 5. Incentivizing patenting activity in the academic sector 6. Incentivizing patenting activity in the public sector PART III RECONCILING POLICY INITIATIVES 7. U.S. technology policy 8. Concluding remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisThis timely book provides an intellectual and conceptual history of a key representation of innovation: technological innovation. Tracing the history of the discourses of scholars, practitioners and policy-makers, and exploring how and why innovation became defined as technological, Benoît Godin studies the emergence of the term, its meaning, and its transformation and use over time. Part I of this unique book offers a genealogy of technological innovation from technological unemployment through technological change and technological progress. Part II then turns to the discourse on technological innovation, asserting that it has emerged as a key term because it serves utilitarian functions. The Invention of Technological Innovation will be of interest to students and academics studying the concepts and theories of innovation, whilst also being a key resource for policy-makers, managers and analysts looking to gain a deeper understanding of the topic.Trade Review‘The Invention of Technological Innovation is a meticulous and seminal work of deftly organized and presented scholarship that is unreservedly recommended for both college and university library collections.’ -- Michael J. Carson, Midwest Book ReviewTable of ContentsContents: PREFACE INTRODUCTION Part I Technological Change 1. Technological Unemployment 2. Technological Change 3. Imagining a New Academic Field 4. Technology and Social Change 5. Technological Progress INTERLUDE Part II Technological Innovation 6. Inventing Technological Innovation 7. Theorists before Theories 8. An Inclusive Notion 9. Theories of Innovation 10. Reinventing Innovation EPILOGUE Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is about inventions and innovation in U.S. Federal Laboratories. The inventions discussed are defined by the technology transfer mechanism known by the term invention disclosures, and the innovations that follow are outputs from the technology transfer process. The demonstrated positive relationships in the book's model are the groundwork for suggesting not only a rethinking of the extant empirical research, within the context of a knowledge production function, but also a refocusing of U.S. technology policy in support of technology transfer from Federal Laboratories. Invention, Innovation and U.S. Federal Laboratories brings a comprehensive and accessible discussion of technology transfer to academic researchers in economics, public policy, and public administration, as well as to policy makers and Federal Laboratory directors.Trade Review'This book puts together many pieces of the technology development life cycle puzzle, providing a great array of perspectives, insights and empirical evidence. A powerful tool for any researcher or practitioner in technology policy as it uncovers, chapter by chapter, the dynamics and the central role played by inventive ideas.' --Sara Amoroso, Economist at the European Commission, Joint Research Centre-Seville, Spain'This pathbreaking book identifies the sleeping giant of American innovative prowess - The U.S. Federal Laboratories. By subjecting the role of the Federal Laboratories to the lens of his systematic and pervasive analytical framework, Al Link uncovers this surprising hidden champion of American innovation. This thoughtful and lucid book provides a masterful new and fresh look at the role of the U.S. Federal Laboratories in driving innovation in the United States. It is a must read for all scholars, researchers and thought leaders in business and policy who need to understand how and why innovation works.' --David Audretsch, Indiana University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The Genesis of Inventive Ideas 2. New Invention Disclosures 3. Experiences and Inventive Ideas 4. Leveraging the Experiences to Inventive Ideas Process 5. Inventive Ideas as a Driver of Technology Transfer Activity 6. Inventive Ideas as a Driver of Technology Transfer Activity: A Case Study 7. CRADAs: Market Failure and Government Failure? 8. Concluding Observations References Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisExamining one of the fastest growing industries in the world, Ronit Justo-Hanani compares the distinctly different approaches between both sides of the Atlantic when regulating the health, safety and environmental risks of nanotechnology and its novel properties.Looking at ongoing adjustments to existing laws, Justo-Hanani details how and why, in contrast to the United States, the European Union has adopted a far more stringent, comprehensive regulatory policy for nanotechnology safety. This illuminating book shows that despite the US’ prominence in global nanotechnology markets, the strict rules of the EU have been at the forefront of market regulations across the globe. With a full and comparative account of the politics and regulatory processes of nanotechnology safety in the EU and US, it ultimately argues that the EU’s adaptive and proactive, capacity-building strategy, is the key to strengthening its role as a global regulatory leader.This timely book will be useful to students and scholars of regulation and governance; science, technology, and innovation policy; environmental and health policy; and international law and politics. Its practical applications will also be of interest to policymakers concerned with the advancements of nanotechnology.Trade Review‘Nanotechnologies are rapidly proliferating in a wide array of industries. What kinds of risk their use may have for human health and the environment is still imbued with much uncertainty. This excellent comparative study delves into the different approaches employed in the EU and the US towards regulating nanotechnology safety and shows how the EU has succeeded in influencing international discussions towards the adoption of more precautionary regulatory approaches. The book will interest scholars and practitioners interested in the governance of emerging technologies, transatlantic competition and cooperation in the establishment of technology regulations, global regime formation, and European foreign policy.’ -- Miranda A. Schreurs, Technical University of Munich, Germany‘A carefully researched and comprehensive analysis of the European, American and global approaches to managing the risks of nanotechnology. The analysis of the EU's global impact is particularly illuminating.’ -- David Vogel, University of California, Berkeley, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1 Nanotechnology safety and the global economy 2 Nanosafety regulatory policies: comprehensive and limited approaches 3 Transatlantic regulatory divergence: the role of domestic politics and policy styles 4 The establishment of EU nanotechnology regulatory policy: green political actors as drivers of regional integration 5 The spread of nano-specific risk regulation: the EU’s international regulatory influence 6 Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics is a landmark resource that offers a comprehensive overview of the ways in which technological development is reshaping politics. Providing an unparalleled starting point for research, it addresses all the major contemporary aspects of the field.Divided into five thematic parts, the Encyclopedia investigates the existing academic literature on the main subfields in this area, before introducing innovative digital research methods. It then highlights the pivotal political and non-political actors leading the process of technological innovation, clarifies key concepts and terms in the field, and finally covers emerging and debated topics.This Encyclopedia will be particularly invaluable for early career researchers and advanced students in politics looking for a concise entry point into any of the various ways in which technology shapes the field. It will also be useful for practitioners to familiarise themselves with the analytical opportunities provided by computational social and political sciences.Key Features: Entries written by over 90 scholars from 33 different countries on 5 continents Accessible starting point for research into the key literature, topics and debates in the field Introduces important new digital methods such as machine learning, text analysis and network analysis Defines and clarifies the meaning of contested terms such as disinformation, echo chambers and fake news Trade Review‘The book shoulders the work of a specialised Encyclopedia, but also refreshes the field by providing a diverse set of contributions to subject matters both established and emerging.’ -- Richard Rogers, University of Amsterdam, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: PART I SUBJECTS AND SUBFIELDS Agenda-setting research in the age of social media 2 Porismita Borah and Yan Su Clicktivism, slacktivism and connective action 5 Max Halupka Cybersecurity 9 Tobias Liebetrau and Linda Monsees Digitally networked protests 14 Dan Mercea E-campaigning and elections 17 Jörg Haßler E-democracy 21 Emiliana De Blasio Electoral predictions from social media data 25 Marko M. Skoric and Kokil Jaidka Internet and political participation 29 Shelley Boulianne and Stephanie Belland Nowcasting and forecasting with Big Data 34 Amparo Blazquez-Soriano and Rosmery Ramos-Sandoval Populism and social media 37 Peter Maurer Social media and autocracy 42 Tamara Grechanaya Social media and political trust 46 Christopher Starke Social media and public health 50 Francesca Greco and Guido Giarelli Social media revolution versus normalization 54 Joachim Åström and Martin Karlsson Social TV and second screen 59 Fabio Giglietto Terrorism and online extremism 62 Fatima Zahrah and Jason R. C. Nurse Violence, conflict, war and social media 67 Eleonora Mattiacci PART II METHODS Digital trace data analysis 73 Luca Corchia Technicity-of-the-mediums 77 Janna Joceli Omena Data collection: APIs and scraping 81 Marius Sältzer and Aleksandra Butneva Audio as data 86 Ludovic Rheault and Sophie Borwein Image as data and visual methods 90 Uta Russmann and Anastasia Veneti Text as data 94 Kohei Watanabe Scaling models in political science 98 Daniel Braby, Benjamin Guinaudeau and Marius Sältzer Sentiment analysis and opinion mining 105 Francesca Greco Topic models 108 Theresa Gessler Mobile positioning data 111 Anu Masso, Siiri Silm and Olle Järv Machine learning and deep learning 114 David Muchlinski Qualitative methods 118 Lucia Bainotti Digital ethnography 122 Alessandro Caliandro Social network analysis 126 Katherine Ognyanova PART III ACTORS Activated public opinion 132 Andrea Ceron Algorithm, machine learning and artificial intelligence 135 Andrea Ferrario and Michele Loi Bots 139 Rose Marie Santini and Débora Salles Digital advocacy 143 Gabriella Scaramuzzino Digital parties 147 Linn Sandberg Fact-checking 151 Camille J. Saucier and Nathan Walter Hacktivists 155 Marco Deseriis Hyperleaders 159 Roberta Bracciale Political influencers 163 Andreu Casero-Ripollés Social media analytics companies 167 Ivan Manokha Trolls 171 Andreas Birkbak and Yevgeniy Golovchenko Voting advice applications 176 Bastiaan Bruinsma WikiLeaks and whistleblowers 180 Meghan Van Portfliet and Kate Kenny PART IV CORE KEYWORDS Big Data 186 Nathan TeBlunthuis Censorship online 190 Tamara Grechanaya Data journalism 192 Sergio Splendore Deep Web and Dark Web 196 Robert W. Gehl Digital public sphere 200 Lidia Valera-Ordaz Disinformation 205 Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano Echo chambers 210 Daniel Stegmann, Birgit Stark and Melanie Magin Fake news 216 Jana Laura Egelhofer and Jakob-Moritz Eberl Filter bubbles 220 Daniel Stegmann, Melanie Magin and Birgit Stark Hashtag politics 225 Janna Joceli Omena Microtargeting 231 Mathieu Lavigne Misinformation 235 Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano (Non-)representativeness of social media data 239 Melanie Magin Online political hostility 244 Linn Sandberg and Anamaria Dutceac Segesten Open data 248 Irene Nonyelum Azogu and Justin Longo Post-truth 253 Jakob-Moritz Eberl and Jana Laura Egelhofer Viral political marketing 257 Márton Bene Wisdom of crowds 262 Fabio Franch PART V DEBATED AND EMERGING TOPICS Apps and politics 269 David B. Nieborg and Kaushar Mahetaji Computational propaganda effects 273 Rose Marie Santini, Débora Salles, Lorena Lucas Regattieri and Carlos Eduardo Barros Conspiracy theories on social media 277 Edward Hurcombe Coordinated inauthentic behavior 280 Fabio Giglietto Crypto-politics 283 Linda Monsees Data doxa 287 Gavin John Douglas Smith Digital movement of opinion 291 Mauro Barisione Digital surveillance 294 Kathleen Kuehn Election manipulation and interference 298 Amelie Henle and Samantha Bradshaw Gamification in politics 304 Michael Bossetta Meme politics 308 Giulia Giorgi and Ilir Rama Online sources for journalism 313 Sergio Splendore Platform labor and digital labor 317 Alessandro Gandini Robots and politics 320 Ryan David Kiggins Sentiment democracy 324 Andrea Ceron Twiplomacy 327 Maja Šimunjak Index 332

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Book SynopsisExploring academic and policy thinking on e-participation, this book opens up the organizational and institutional 'black box' and provides new insights into how public administrations in 15 European states have facilitated its implementation. Using multiple case studies, the book offers a systematic analysis of how e-participation initiatives are actually organized and administered within the government, as well as how the political context and collaborative partnerships both within the government and with non-governmental actors affect the adoption and institutionalization of e-participation platforms. Contributors provide new empirical evidence on some of the most pressing questions related to the organization and management of e-participation, aiming to provide better understanding of citizen participation platforms. Providing comparative knowledge on the institutional, administrative and organizational aspects of e-participation, this book will be an ideal read for public policy researchers and government practitioners interested in innovation and technology in public administration.Trade Review‘In this book two key societal trends merge, making this book an important and inspiring one. On the one hand we see that since the emergence of the internet, new technological practices have emerged that enable political and public participation. On the other hand we see, all over Europe, that the legitimacy of democracy is under pressure, and that the role of representative politics in society is being questioned. Does the merger of these two trends create innovative e-participatory practices? By gathering and analysing practices of many countries, an interesting outlook is presented of relevant critical factors. This not only helps to fuel the academic debate concerning e-democracy, but also helps to shape the public debate.’ -- ­– Victor Bekkers, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands‘This impressive collection of 15 European e-participation initiatives spans nations and levels of government, demonstrating how widespread and creative these new forms of participation have become. This volume breaks new ground with insightful analysis on whether or how these innovations matter for genuine participation and empowerment of citizens.’ -- Karen Mossberger, Arizona State University, US‘This timely book draws on cross-national data on e-participation. It addresses the non-technical part and focuses on the supply side and the role of public administration. The book avoids the normative bias and offers coherent case studies of how e-participation initiatives play out in practice on national and local level in 15 European countries. A main finding is that e-participation is affected by organizational design, participatory processes, and management. It is a major accomplishment and a must read for digitalization practitioners, scholars, and students alike.’ -- Per Lægreid, University of Bergen, NorwayTable of ContentsContents: 1 Engaging citizens in policy making: The potential and challenges of e-participation 1 Veiko Lember, Tiina Randma-Liiv and Kadi Maria Vooglaid 2 Framework for analysis of the management and organization of e-participation initiatives 11 Tiina Randma-Liiv, Kadi Maria Vooglaid and Veiko Lember PART I E-PARTICIPATION INITIATIVES ON NATIONAL LEVEL 3 We asked, you said, we did: Assessing the drivers and effectiveness of an e-participation practice in Scotland 26 Benedetta Bellò and James Downe 4 Parlement & Citoyens in France: An e-participation platform connecting legislators and citizens for collaborative policy design 40 Samuel Defacqz and Claire Dupuy 5 (e-)Participation and propaganda: The mix of old and new technology in Hungarian national consultations 56 Sara Svensson, Andras Molnar and Agnes Batory 6 Enhancing law-making efficiency, public value or both: Case study of e-participation platform in Slovakia 71 Matúš Sloboda, Katarina Staroňová and Alexandra Poláková Suchalová 7 Participatory law-making in the digital age: The case of the e-public consultation platform in Croatia 91 Petra Đurman, Anamarija Musa and Ivan Koprić 8 The Estonian Citizens’ Initiative Portal: Drivers and barriers of institutionalized e-participation 104 Kadi Maria Vooglaid and Tiina Randma-Liiv 9 From online participation to policy making: Exploring the success behind Latvian legislative crowdsourcing platform MyVoice 120 Visvaldis Valtenbergs 10 Public online consultation in Lithuania: A political declaration or the real empowerment of citizens? 136 Rasa Bortkevičiūtė and Vitalis Nakrošis PART II E-PARTICIPATION INITIATIVES ON LOCAL LEVEL 11 Decide Madrid: A Spanish best practice on e-participation 152 Vicente Pina, Lourdes Torres, Sonia Royo and Jaime Garcia-Rayado 12 The pursuit of legitimacy as a learning process: A case of local e-participation in Sweden 166 Alina Ostling 13 Citizens’ engagement in policy making: Insights from an e-participation platform in Leuven, Belgium 180 A. Paula Rodriguez Müller 14 The implementation of e-participation platforms in Ireland: The case of OpenConsult 196 Bernadette Connaughton 15 How organizational factors shape e-participation: Lessons from the German one-stop participation portal meinBerlin 209 Andree Pruin 16 e-Participation in Austria: Digital Agenda Vienna 225 Noella Edelmann and Bettina Höchtl 17 Connecting participation and e-participation: The use of ICT in the participatory initiatives of Brno 244 David Špaček 18 Management and organization of e-participation: Synthesis from 15 European initiatives 260 Tiina Randma-Liiv and Veiko Lember Index 280

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Book SynopsisThis provocative book investigates the relationship between law and artificial intelligence (AI) governance, and the need for new and innovative approaches to regulating AI and big data in ways that go beyond market concerns alone and look to sustainability and social good. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the contributors demonstrate the interplay between various research methods, and policy motivations, to show that law-based regulation and governance of AI is vital to efforts at ensuring justice, trust in administrative and contractual processes, and inclusive social cohesion in our increasingly technologically-driven societies. The book provides valuable insights on the new challenges posed by a rapid reliance on AI and big data, from data protection regimes around sensitive personal data, to blockchain and smart contracts, platform data reuse, IP rights and limitations, and many other crucial concerns for law’s interventions. The book also engages with concerns about the ‘surveillance society’, for example regarding contact tracing technology used during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analytical approach provided will make this an excellent resource for scholars and educators, legal practitioners (from constitutional law to contract law) and policy makers within regulation and governance. The empirical case studies will also be of great interest to scholars of technology law and public policy. The regulatory community will find this collection offers an influential case for law’s relevance in giving institutional enforceability to ethics and principled design.Trade Review‘Regulatory Insights on Artificial Intelligence is bursting with ideas. While many more questions are asked than answered, those questions require one to think deeply about important issues associated with AI. That thinking is sorely needed now, if this technology is to benefit us, rather than harm us.’ -- Rob Clark, Intellectual Property Forum (IPSANZ)‘Regulatory Insights on Artificial Intelligence provides a timely and important discussion of the regulation of a technology that is not only proliferating into our lives, but becoming disruptive in our economic and social institutions. I highly recommend the book for legal scholars, regulators, and anyone interested in a comprehensive text on the topic.’ -- Woodrow Barfield, Visiting Professor, University of Turin, Italy‘This book is an excellent resource for aiding the discussion on the imminent need for effective regulation, informed by interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approaches, that AI governance requires. It is a must read for those interested in the “next steps” to actually implementing or codifying AI governance into existing legal contexts.’ -- Christoph Lütge, Technical University of Munich, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Preface xi 1 Regulatory insights on artificial intelligence: research for policy 1 Mark Findlay and Jolyon Ford 2 Editors’ reflections 16 Mark Findlay and Jolyon Ford 3 Artificial intelligence and sensitive inferences: new challenges for data protection laws 19 Damian Clifford, Megan Richardson and Normann Witzleb 4 Revaluing labour? Secondary data imperialism in platform economies 46 Mark Findlay and Josephine Seah 5 Gauging the acceptance of contact-tracing technology: an empirical study of Singapore residents’ concerns and trust in information sharing 70 Ong Ee Ing and Loo Wee Ling 6 Regulating personal data usage in COVID-19 control conditions 101 Mark Findlay and Nydia Remolina 7 Editors’ reflections 128 Mark Findlay and Jolyon Ford 8 Coding legal norms: an exploratory essay 132 Will Bateman 9 Artificial intelligence and the unconscionability principle 150 Dilan Thampapillai 10 The possibilities of IF-THEN-WHEN 162 Sally Wheeler 11 Doing it online: is mediation ready for the AI age? 187 Nadja M Alexander 12 Editors’ reflections 214 Mark Findlay and Jolyon Ford 13 Ethical AI frameworks: the missing governance piece 218 Jolyon Ford 14 The accountability of algorithms on social media platforms 239 Philippa Ryan 15 Models and data trade regulation and the road to an agreement 261 Henry Gao Index

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Book SynopsisGiven the recent re-evaluation of research funding policy as an issue central to national governments and the EU, it is imperative that underlying rationales and channels for investment in research and development are examined. A pioneering analysis of the complexity, allocation and management of public funding of research, this Handbook explores the strategies whereby research can be successfully targeted and supported to resolve problems of broad public concern.Used effectively, the Handbook finds, research has the potential to support economic growth, create jobs, enhance social welfare, protect the environment and expand the frontiers of human knowledge. Taking a multi-level approach, chapters strategize ways to address various funding objectives through analysis of policy design, policy instruments, research organizations and researchers, while remedying disparities resulting from the distribution of research funds. The Handbook’s expansive scope, which covers variation in goals and instrument management over time and across countries, facilitates an approach that not only scrutinizes existing paradigms of public research funding but also looks to the future.With authoritative analysis and theoretical frameworks by leading scholars, the Handbook employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines sociology of sciences, political sciences and economics. It will prove a useful resource for scholars and researchers in science policy studies, alongside policy analysts in ministries and research funding organizations seeking to better understand their working environment.Trade Review‘Public funding of research is crucial for independent, creative knowledge production in universities and research organisations, certainly in view of the great societal challenges of our time. This Handbook offers analyses by leading international scholars, showing how modes of funding have changed in the 21st century, with both pitfalls and promising avenues. A must-read for academics and policymakers engaged in transformative knowledge politics.’ -- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands‘This Handbook is timely as our science systems are under increasing pressure to deliver impact with tighter resources and increased performance pressure for individuals and organisations. It provides creative perspectives and concepts to better understand how different funding systems and policies and their changes interact with research organisations, research practices and researcher careers. In providing thorough reflection on these interactions it presents a step-change in science policy research and is highly meaningful for scholars, funders, policy makers and politicians.’ -- Jakob Edler, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Germany and University of Manchester, UK‘A unique Handbook addressing the radical changes public research and universities have witnessed during the last 20 years. It is unique by its national, organizational and individual analyses of transformations, and by its ability to question established categories (e.g. top down vs bottom-up, or basic vs applied). -- Philippe Larédo, University of Manchester, UK'Many should be grateful for the publication of this important Handbook. Scholars from different disciplines provide significant insights into a system that has both expanded considerably as well as changed towards project financing. It offers highly recommended reading for politicians at the top of the system down to individual researchers.' -- Lars Engwall, Uppsala University, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Public Funding of Research: understanding vertical and horizontal complexities 1 Benedetto Lepori, Ben Jongbloed and Diana Hicks PART I PUBLIC POLICIES AND RESEARCH FUNDING 2 What is public about public research? The case of COVID-19 R&D 21 Barry Bozeman 3 Motivations guiding public research funding in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy: a synthesis 38 Aixa Y. Alemán-Díaz 4 Politics of public research funding: the case of the European Union 55 Inga Ulnicane PART II POLICY MIXES IN PUBLIC RESEARCH FUNDING: LAYERING AND COMPLEXITY 5 Ideas and instruments in public research funding 73 Giliberto Capano 6 Performance-based research funding and its impacts on research organizations 90 Gunnar Sivertsen 7 R&D programs as instruments for governmental R&D funding policy 107 Emanuela Reale, Magnus Gulbrandsen and Thomas Scherngell 8 Size matters! On the implications of increasing the size of research grants 123 Carter Bloch, Alexander Kladakis and Mads P. Sørensen 9 Potentials and limitations of program-based research funding for the transformation of research systems 139 Susanne Bührer, Sarah Seus and Rainer Walz 10 Targeting research to address societal needs: what can we learn from 30 years of targeting neglected diseases? 156 Josie Coburn, Ohid Yaqub and Joanna Chataway 11 The construction of competition in public research funding systems 172 Stefan Arora-Jonsson, Nils Brunsson and Peter Edlund PART III INTERACTION OF FUNDING SYSTEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND HIERARCHIES 12 Incentives, rationales, and expected impact: linking performance-based research funding to internal funding distributions of universities 186 Jussi Kivistö and Charles Mathies 13 Research funding in the context of high institutional stratification: policy scenarios for Europe based on insights from the United States 203 Arlette Jappe and Thomas Heinze 14 Public research organisations and public research funding 221 Laura Cruz-Castro and Luis Sanz-Menéndez PART IV RESEARCHERS’ INTERACTION WITH THE FUNDING ENVIRONMENT 15 Reframing study of research(er) funding towards configurations and trails 242 Duncan A. Thomas and Irene Ramos-Vielba 16 Researchers’ responses to their funding situation 261 Grit Laudel 17 Gender and underrepresented minorities differences in research funding 279 Laura Cruz-Castro, Donna K. Ginther and Luis Sanz-Menéndez 18 Research funding and scientific careers 301 Julia Melkers, Richard Woolley and Quintin Kreth 19 Research funding and academics’ scholarly performance 322 Hugo Horta and Huan Li PART V SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES AND COUNTRY VARIATIONS 20 Context matters: conceptualizing research funding policies through the lens of the varieties of academic capitalism approach 340 Olivier Bégin-Caouette, Silvia Mirlene Nakano Koga and Émanuelle Maltais 21 System-level insights into public funding of research from emerging economies 361 Juan D. Rogers 22 Public research funding in Asian latecomer countries: developmental legacy and dilemmas 378 So Young Kim Index 395

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Book SynopsisThis insightful book explores the answers to two ongoing debates: how should societal impact of research be measured and to what extent are national research evaluation systems fit for purpose? In exploring these two questions, the selection of expert contributors provide thought-provoking cross-European analysis and establish a comparative perspective on “impact” in the twenty-first century. Bringing together important national case studies from social sciences and humanities (SSH), Accountability in Academic Life provides a detailed insight into the complexities faced ensuring that publicly-funded research creates true value for society. Furthermore, leading SSH experts provide policy recommendations and insights to navigate the contemporary research landscape and improve research methods. This book will be invaluable for scholars and students in science policy studies, providing both accessible stand-alone topics and greater in-depth discussions. Policymakers interested in the improvement of research evaluation leading to better scientific outcomes will also find this informative and illuminating.Trade Review‘The evaluation of the societal impact of the Social Sciences and Humanities remains a challenging undertaking. This edited book compiles and compares different national experiences underscoring the variety of impact processes, and the different ways in which “impact” is defined, understood and assessed. Providing in-depth analyses that improves understanding and clear guidelines for the development and implementation of impact evaluation approaches this is a recommended read.’ -- Jordi Molas-Gallart, Director INGENIO, (CSIC-UPV), Spain‘This fascinating book offers a timely analysis about how societal impact of social sciences/humanities research is evaluated in Europe. Historical and contemporary reflections are enhanced by critical accounts of how different countries assess and value societal impact in social science and humanities. A “must-read” for academics, policymakers and research administrators.’ -- Rosemary Deem, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK‘Accountability in Academic Life: European Perspectives on Societal Impact Evaluation gathers rich and insightful accounts of how social impact has been discussed and implemented in Europe. In combining a detailed analysis of specific national contexts with a broader historical, theoretical, and political discussion, the book offers unique insights into a key topic in contemporary research policy. It is highly recommended for anyone interested in social impact and the evaluation of research in the social sciences and humanities.’ -- Björn Hammarfelt, University of Borås, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: 1 Accountability in academic life: introduction to European perspectives on societal impact evaluation 1 Michael Ochsner and Zoe Bulaitis PART I PERSPECTIVES AND POLICYMAKING: SUMMARISING SOCIETAL IMPACT EVALUATION PRACTICES IN EUROPE 2 Manifesto for a better societal impact evaluation 10 Michael Ochsner, Zoe Hope Bulaitis, Corina Balaban, Elena Castro-Martínez, Ondřej Daniel, Aldis Gedutis, Elea Giménez-Toledo, Marlène Iseli, Stefan de Jong, Lai Ma, Jorge Mañana-Rodríguez, Reeta Muhonen, Julia Olmos-Peñuela, Ginevra Peruginelli, Eiríkur Smári Sigurðarson, Karel Šima, Jack Spaapen and Marc Vanholsbeeck 3 The need for historical inquiry into societal impact evaluation: towards a genealogy of the notion of useful research 30 Aldis Gedutis, Zoe Hope Bulaitis and Michael Ochsner 4 Beyond the frame: hard-to-assess research–impact nexuses in the Social Sciences and the Humanities 51 Alis Oancea 5 Considering international contexts in societal impact evaluation and SSH: a perspective from EASSH 60 Gabi Lombardo PART II NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIETAL IMPACT EVALUATION PRACTICES 6 Engaged scientists or public intellectuals: the disputed public role of SSH researchers within the French Community of Belgium 67 Marc Vanholsbeeck 7 Societal impact evaluation in SSH in the Czech Republic: in defence against the strong STEM application discourse 81 Karel Šima and Ondřej Daniel 8 Evaluation of societal impact of the Social Sciences and Humanities in Finland 96 Reetta Muhonen, Laura Himanen and Janne Pölönen 9 From moral panic to accountability: societal impact, evaluations, and bibliometrics in Iceland 114 Eiríkur Smári Sigurðarson 10 Responsible societal impact (without) evaluation: reflections from Ireland 127 Lai Ma 11 The Italian path to the evaluation of the Third Mission 139 Andrea Bonaccorsi and Ginevra Peruginelli 12 The (SSH) impact discourses in Lithuania: blissful impactlessness versus imminent impact? 155 Aldis Gedutis and Kęstas Kirtiklis 13 Formative evaluation in the Netherlands: an opportunity for the arts, humanities and social sciences 173 Stefan de Jong and Jack Spaapen 14 SSH knowledge transfer and societal impact in Spain: from recognition at the individual level to institutional initiatives 187 Elea Giménez-Toledo, Elena Castro-Martínez, Julia Olmos-Penuela and Jorge Mañana-Rodríguez 15 Societal impact, innovation, or public value? Switzerland’s approach to research impact evaluation and the SSH 204 Michael Ochsner, Corina Balaban and Marlène Iseli 16 Impact, innovation and the public humanities: evaluating the societal impact of research in the United Kingdom 224 Zoe Hope Bulaitis Index

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Book SynopsisWhile much has been written about the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program from both an institutional and a policy perspective, there remains a conspicuous void of general information about firms and research projects that are funded through the program. Providing a multi-dimensional picture of such firms and their projects, this incisive book is designed to help the reader understand in more depth the social benefits associated with the SBIR program.Albert N. Link and Martijn van Hasselt discuss the U.S. SBIR program from an institutional, empirical, and policy perspective, examining the policy transfer of the program to other countries, the transfer of technical knowledge through patents and scientific publications, and the technology transfer of commercialised research outputs. Exploring new program and project relationships, the book could serve as a springboard for future in-depth analyses about the SBIR program and its impact on economic and social matters.Forward-thinking in approach, Small Firms and U.S. Technology Policy provides a roadmap for future academic and policy research into the SBIR program, making it a valuable read for scholars and students of business and management studies. U.S. and international policymakers and business owners will also benefit from its discerning look into the SBIR program.Trade Review‘Link and van Hasselt provide novel and original insights on the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research Program. They meticulously and rigorously consider and combine institutional, empirical and policy perspectives. Link and van Hasselt’s unique focus on the social benefits enables a wider empirical investigation of the SBIR programme in the context of wider U.S. technology policy. Moreover, their consideration and focus on failed projects and the unanticipated consequences provide novel and important insights that have relevance to scholars and policymakers. This is a must-have book for policymakers and other stakeholders that are involved in SBIR programmes in the U.S. and other countries. For scholars, Link and van Hasselt's book is a seminal contribution that exemplifies all the hallmarks of novel, original and grounding-breaking scholarship. They outline future research avenues that scholars can build upon and take inspiration from in furthering this important research and policy agenda.’ -- James Cunningham, Newcastle University, UK‘Albert Link and Martijn van Hasselt have written an instant classic - the definitive analysis of the noted Small Business Innovation Research Program. Few U.S. hard tech start-ups scale up without trying for SBIR funding - it has become a key tool for U.S. tech entrepreneurship and has now been replicated in nine other nations. This new book does the long-needed analysis to tell us how the program works best, and how successful companies that use it make it work for them. For anyone interested in U.S. technology policy, it is a must read.’ -- William B. Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US‘In an era where public policy is increasingly politicized and decisive, this important new book sheds pathbreaking light on how evidence-based analysis can provide a neutral scientific-based assessment of technology policy. The careful findings make it clear how and why technology policy can unleash the innovative potential of not just small firms but an entire society and economy.’ -- David B. Audretsch, Indiana University, US‘The SBIR program has been a cornerstone of U.S. innovation policy since the early 1980s. It has been widely copied outside the country. This book provides an authoritative look at the history, politics, and economics of this important program that has supported an amazing roster of technology-intensive companies in this country. A must read for students of knowledge entrepreneurship.’ -- Nicholas Vonortas, The George Washington University, USTable of ContentsContents: PART I SBIR PROGRAM: INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES 1. Introduction to Small Firms and U.S. Technology Policy 2. Legislative history of the SBIR program 3. The SBIR program: an element of U.S. technology policy PART II SBIR PROGRAM: EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES 4. SBIR databases and empirical studies of the SBIR program 5. Demographics of SBIR awardees 6. Productive capital 7. When research fails 8. University collaborators on SBIR projects 9. Knowledge production functions 10. Financial stakeholders in SBIR projects 11. Market for SBIR developed technologies PART III SBIR PROGRAM: POLICY PERSPECTIVES 12. Unanticipated consequences 13. A counterfactual analysis 14. Concluding remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisThis thought-provoking book expands on the notion that Big Science is not the only term to describe and investigate particularly large research projects, scientific collaborations and facilities. It investigates the significant overlap between Big Science and Research Infrastructures (RIs) in a European context since the early twenty-first century. Contributions to this innovative book not only augment the study of Big Science with new perspectives, but also launch the study of RIs as a promising new line of inquiry. Chapters testify to a generational shift that is taking place in this field, amending and complementing prior analyses of Big Science. Advancing our knowledge, this interdisciplinary book explores how Big Science and RIs can be categorized, how the politics around them can be understood, and how they relate to the surrounding science and research policy landscape of Europe. Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe will be of value to students and scholars interested in science and innovation policy across sociology, economics, management and political science. Policymakers, science administrators and operators of RIs will also benefit from the critical insights provided. Contributors include: I.K. Bolliger, A. Collsiöö, K.C. Cramer, B. D'Ippolito, H. Eriksson, T. Franssen, A. Griffiths, O. Hallonsten, J.-C. Mauduit, M. Moskovko, N. Rüffin, C.-C. Rüling, I. Ulnicane, A. WilliamsTrade Review'This book skillfully updates the literature on Big Science, containing newer perspectives on the history, sociology, and politics of research infrastructures. The interdisciplinary yet neatly integrated contributions show how ''big organizations, big machines, and big politics'' co-construct Europe and its research infrastructure.' --Cyrus Mody, Maastricht University, the Netherlands'This is an ambitious and effective coverage of the network of European Big Science institutions. It is a comprehensive and insightful volume that takes us behind purely scientific scenes to examine the policies that govern large European science projects, the legal frameworks that shape them, the funding that supports them, and the alliance-building that made them possible. The chapters are comprehensive, and reveal the political and commercial forces at work in the expanding network of European scientific institutions, as well as their crucial role in European integration and multinational cooperation.' --Robert P. Crease, Stony Brook University, US'This book, in a comprehensive and appealing way, tells a story of large scientific facilities dating back to the early Cold War and reaching the current era of integrated Research Infrastructure eco-systems. Going from a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to scientific cooperation among European states to tackle the grand challenges such as key health, environmental or quality of life problems, the book provides an evolutionary picture based on deep understanding and a solid analytical framework. The authors have done magnificent work on a topic that has been so far mostly scattered in diverse policy reports. A great analysis for anyone dipping their toe in Big Science or Research Infrastructures.' --Jan Hru ák, ESFRI Chair and The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech RepublicTable of ContentsContents: 1 Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe: History and current trends 1 Katharina C. Cramer, Olof Hallonsten, Isabel K. Bolliger and Alexandra Griffiths 2 Methods and strategies in the study of Big Science and Research Infrastructures: A review 27 Nicolas Rüffin 3 The role of European Big Science in the (geo)political challenges of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries 56 Katharina C. Cramer 4 Ever-changing Big Science and Research Infrastructures: Evolving European Union policy 76 Inga Ulnicane 5 The introduction of ESFRI and the rise of national Research Infrastructure roadmaps in Europe 101 Isabel K. Bolliger and Alexandra Griffiths 6 Intensified role of the European Union? European Research Infrastructure Consortium as a legal framework for contemporary multinational research collaboration 128 Maria Moskovko 7 Research Infrastructure funding as a tool for science governance in the humanities: A country case study of the Netherlands 157 Thomas Franssen 8 The role of research infrastructures in innovation systems: The case of Swedish participation in the Halden Reactor Project 177 Olof Hallonsten, Hjalmar Eriksson and August Collsiöö 9 The access and return on investment dilemma in Big Science Research Infrastructures: A case study in astronomy 198 Andrew Williams and Jean-Christophe Mauduit 10 Is there an “iron law” of Big Science? 217 Olof Hallonsten 11 Keeping a Research Infrastructure alive: Material, social, and political work at the Institut Laue-Langevin 232 Beatrice D’Ippolito and Charles-Clemens Rüling 12 Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe: Conclusions and outlook 251 Olof Hallonsten and Katharina C. Cramer Index 258

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Book SynopsisThis timely book explores technological innovation as a concept, dissecting its emergence, development and use. Benoît Godin offers an exciting new historiography of the subject, arguing that the study of innovation originates not from scholars but from practitioners of innovation. Godin looks to engineers, managers, consultants and policymakers as the instigators of our current understanding of technological innovation. Offering a conceptual history of the subject, Part I considers the many iterations of innovation - as an science applied, outcome, process and system - to track and analyse the changing discourses surrounding technological innovation. In Part II, the author turns to historic and contemporary innovation policy to illustrate the critical role that practitioners have had in formulating and strategizing policy. Effectively rewriting the historiography of the topic, this book is critical reading for scholars of innovation studies, sociology and the history of science and technology. Students will benefit from Godin's pioneering approach to the subject and policymakers will also find value in the book's unique insight into innovation.Trade Review'Benoit Godin's The Idea of Technological Innovation is a telling example of the power of intellectual history. In a brief but analytically crisp and extensively documented historical overview, Godin's ''alternative history'' unbundles the seemingly inextricable conceptual and policy linkages between research and development and technological innovation, positing instead that the two stages correspond to two discourses, espoused by two different communities. An invaluable work for multiple research and policy communities, but most especially for those engaged in science policy and innovation studies and the economics of technological innovation.' --Irwin Feller, The Pennsylvania State University, US'Godin's latest book provides new insights into the history of technology innovation. Tracing back the concept's phases of development from the Second World War to the present, he leaves behind a strictly scholarly point of view and focuses on the valuable contributions of practitioners.' --Jürgen Howaldt, TU Dortmund University, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. Prehistory PART I Technological Innovation 2. Innovation as Science Applied 3. Innovation as Outcome 4. Innovation as Process 5. Innovation as System PART II From Idea to Action 6. Inventing Innovation Policy 7. Innovation Policy Today Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThis timely book explores technological innovation as a concept, dissecting its emergence, development and use. Benoît Godin offers an exciting new historiography of the subject, arguing that the study of innovation originates not from scholars but from practitioners of innovation. Godin looks to engineers, managers, consultants and policymakers as the instigators of our current understanding of technological innovation. Offering a conceptual history of the subject, Part I considers the many iterations of innovation - as an science applied, outcome, process and system - to track and analyse the changing discourses surrounding technological innovation. In Part II, the author turns to historic and contemporary innovation policy to illustrate the critical role that practitioners have had in formulating and strategizing policy. Effectively rewriting the historiography of the topic, this book is critical reading for scholars of innovation studies, sociology and the history of science and technology. Students will benefit from Godin's pioneering approach to the subject and policymakers will also find value in the book's unique insight into innovation.Trade Review'Benoit Godin's The Idea of Technological Innovation is a telling example of the power of intellectual history. In a brief but analytically crisp and extensively documented historical overview, Godin's ''alternative history'' unbundles the seemingly inextricable conceptual and policy linkages between research and development and technological innovation, positing instead that the two stages correspond to two discourses, espoused by two different communities. An invaluable work for multiple research and policy communities, but most especially for those engaged in science policy and innovation studies and the economics of technological innovation.' --Irwin Feller, The Pennsylvania State University, US'Godin's latest book provides new insights into the history of technology innovation. Tracing back the concept's phases of development from the Second World War to the present, he leaves behind a strictly scholarly point of view and focuses on the valuable contributions of practitioners.' --Jürgen Howaldt, TU Dortmund University, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. Prehistory PART I Technological Innovation 2. Innovation as Science Applied 3. Innovation as Outcome 4. Innovation as Process 5. Innovation as System PART II From Idea to Action 6. Inventing Innovation Policy 7. Innovation Policy Today Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisIn this insightful book, Peter Edlund takes a status-based approach to theorizing the development of the European Research Council (ERC). Drawing upon rich empirical material, the author vividly details how the ERC was transformed from a funding organization into an authoritative status intermediary in European science.Edlund's innovative approach illustrates the ERC's path toward pre-eminence, building on a theoretical framework that the author uses to analyze evidence from Swedish and European contexts in an intriguing exploration of research funding allocated under the flagship Starting Grant scheme. Offering a field perspective on the multi-layered interactions between candidates and audiences within which the ERC was constructed as a status intermediary, this book redirects attention toward key antecedents that allow us to understand many of the extensive consequences generated by the ERC's funding.Blending theoretical models and empirical findings, Edlund's book will appeal to academics seeking advances in status theory. Practitioners and policymakers working with research funding will also benefit from its account of the historic development of the ERC and the consequences of its funding across Europe.Trade Review'With empirical and theoretical rigor, this book problematizes an essential feature of the current science system summarized in its opening statement: "evaluations are ubiquitous in science". Its analysis of the institutionalization of a particularly prestigious funding body gives new and important insight into the (self-)organization of the European science system.' -- Olof Hallonsten, Lund University, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: Part I 1. The Makings of an Authority in Science 2. Theorizing Status Intermediaries Part II 3. Tensions and Struggles in Europe-Level Science 4. Creating Acceptance for European Research Council Evaluations 5. The Consequences of European Research Council Allocations Part III 6. Constructing a Status Intermediary in Science 7. Taking Stock and Looking Ahead Appendix Studying the European Research Council Index

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Book SynopsisLearning from Science and Technology Policy Evaluation presents US and European experiences and insights on the evaluation of policies and programs to foster research, innovation, and technology (RIT). In recent years, policymakers have promoted RIT policies to accelerate scientific and technological development in emerging fields, encourage new patterns of research collaboration and commercialization, and enhance national and regional economic competitiveness. At the same time, budgetary pressures and new public management approaches have strengthened demands for RIT performance measurement and evaluation. The contributors - leading experts in science and technology policy and evaluation - analyze and contrast the need and demand for RIT performance measurement and evaluation within the US and European innovation and policy making systems. They assess current US and European RIT evaluation practices and methods in key areas, discuss applications of new evaluative approaches and consider strategies that could lead to improvements in RIT evaluation design and policies. This up-to-date volume examining current and leading-edge evaluation methodologies will make a valuable addition to the libraries of research and innovation policymakers and analysts, educators and students of science and technology policy.Table of ContentsContents: 1. Learning from Science and Technology Policy Evaluation 2. The Academic Policy Analyst as Reporter: The Who, What and How of Evaluating Science and Technology Programs 3. Societal Challenges for R&D Evaluation 4. Frameworks for Evaluating S&T Policy in the United States 5. Evaluation of Research and Innovation Policy in Europe – New Policies, New Frameworks? 6. The Expanding Role of Peer Review Processes in the United States 7. The Evaluation of University Research in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, Germany and Austria 8. Challenges for the Evaluation of Complex Research Programmes 9. Evaluation of the BRITE/EURAM Program 10. Assessing RTD Program Portfolios in the European Union 11. Factors Affecting Technology Transfer in Industry – US Federal Laboratory Partnerships 12. Benchmarking University–Industry Relationships: A User-Centered Evaluation Approach 13. Evaluation of Regional Innovation Policies in Europe 14. Evaluating Manufacturing Extension Services in the United States: Experiences and Insights 15. Evaluating the Impacts of Grants on Women Scientists’ Careers: The Curriculum Vitae as a Tool for Research Assessment 16. Recognizing the Competing Values in Science and Technology Organizations: Implications for Evaluation 17. Real Options for Evaluating Public Sector R&D Investments 18. Evaluation as a Source of ‘Strategic Intelligence’ Index

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Book SynopsisThis book re-examines the rationale for public policy, concluding that the prevailing 'public knowledge' model is evolving towards a networked or distributed model of knowledge production and use in which public and private institutions play complementary roles. It provides a set of tools and models to assess the impact of the new network model of funding and governance, and argues that governments need to adapt their funding and administrative priorities and procedures to support the emergence and healthy growth of research networks. The book goes on to explain that interdependencies and complementarities in the production and distribution of knowledge require a new and more contextual, flexible and complex approach to government funding, monitoring and assessment. The chapters in this book issue a series of challenges to the next generation of science and technology policy. The need for new systems of governance in science and innovation make a single, all encompassing rationale for public funding unnecessary and irrelevant. The new policy questions that matter concern the means and mechanisms for intervention - the use of policy to harness, support and expand the interaction and dynamism of research networks composed of public and private actors.Trade Review'. . . the editors have also invested in a conclusion. It is really worthwhile to read it, as it summarises in a condensed and clear way what we may draw from all the different contributions to the book. . . The book offers interesting contributions. . .' -- Dietmar Braun, Science and Public Policy'This edited volume brings together an international set of the best scholars working in the area of science and technology policy. . . this is an interesting and useful collection. Each section concludes with an integrative and insightful commentary which ties the sections together and offers useful perspectives. . . The editors have done a useful job of solving the problem that plagues many edited volumes - introductory sections create a narrative and the sections and chapters are well integrated.' -- Maryann P. Feldman, Journal of Economic LiteratureTable of ContentsContents: General Introduction Part I: The Evolving Research Policy Environment 1. The Changing Social Contract for Science and the Evolution of the University 2. The Increasing Involvement of Concerned Groups in R&D Policies: What Lessons for Public Powers? 3. Interdisciplinary Research and the Organization of the University: General Challenges and a Case Study Part II: New Actor Relationships 4. Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D 5. The Evolution of French Research Policies and the Impacts on the Universities and Public Research Organizations 6. Public Research and Industrial Innovation: A Comparison of US and European Innovation Systems in the Life Sciences 7. Research Productivity and the Allocation of Resources in Publicly Funded Research Programmes Part III: Models of Research Funding 8. The Economics of Scientific Research Coalitions: Collaborative Network Formation in the Presence of Multiple Funding Agencies 9. On the Workings of Scientific Communities 10. Funding Basic Research: When is Public Finance Preferable to Attainable ‘Club Goods’ Solutions? 11. On the Provision of Industry-Specific Public Goods: Revisiting a Policy Process Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisThis book re-examines the rationale for public policy, concluding that the prevailing 'public knowledge' model is evolving towards a networked or distributed model of knowledge production and use in which public and private institutions play complementary roles. It provides a set of tools and models to assess the impact of the new network model of funding and governance, and argues that governments need to adapt their funding and administrative priorities and procedures to support the emergence and healthy growth of research networks. The book goes on to explain that interdependencies and complementarities in the production and distribution of knowledge require a new and more contextual, flexible and complex approach to government funding, monitoring and assessment. The chapters in this book issue a series of challenges to the next generation of science and technology policy. The need for new systems of governance in science and innovation make a single, all encompassing rationale for public funding unnecessary and irrelevant. The new policy questions that matter concern the means and mechanisms for intervention - the use of policy to harness, support and expand the interaction and dynamism of research networks composed of public and private actors.Trade Review'. . . the editors have also invested in a conclusion. It is really worthwhile to read it, as it summarises in a condensed and clear way what we may draw from all the different contributions to the book. . . The book offers interesting contributions. . .' -- Dietmar Braun, Science and Public Policy'This edited volume brings together an international set of the best scholars working in the area of science and technology policy. . . this is an interesting and useful collection. Each section concludes with an integrative and insightful commentary which ties the sections together and offers useful perspectives. . . The editors have done a useful job of solving the problem that plagues many edited volumes - introductory sections create a narrative and the sections and chapters are well integrated.' -- Maryann P. Feldman, Journal of Economic LiteratureTable of ContentsContents: General Introduction Part I: The Evolving Research Policy Environment 1. The Changing Social Contract for Science and the Evolution of the University 2. The Increasing Involvement of Concerned Groups in R&D Policies: What Lessons for Public Powers? 3. Interdisciplinary Research and the Organization of the University: General Challenges and a Case Study Part II: New Actor Relationships 4. Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D 5. The Evolution of French Research Policies and the Impacts on the Universities and Public Research Organizations 6. Public Research and Industrial Innovation: A Comparison of US and European Innovation Systems in the Life Sciences 7. Research Productivity and the Allocation of Resources in Publicly Funded Research Programmes Part III: Models of Research Funding 8. The Economics of Scientific Research Coalitions: Collaborative Network Formation in the Presence of Multiple Funding Agencies 9. On the Workings of Scientific Communities 10. Funding Basic Research: When is Public Finance Preferable to Attainable ‘Club Goods’ Solutions? 11. On the Provision of Industry-Specific Public Goods: Revisiting a Policy Process Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisMoving People and Knowledge provides a fresh examination of the processes of highly skilled science migration. Focusing on intra-European mobility and, in particular, on the new dynamics of East-West migration, the authors investigate the movement of Polish and Bulgarian researchers to and from the UK and Germany. Key questions include: who is moving, how long for, and why? In addressing the motivations and experiences of mobile scientists and their families, insights into professional and personal motivations are provided, demonstrating how relationships, networks and infrastructures shape decision-making. This book provides a useful perspective on the implications of increasing researcher mobility - for both sending and receiving regions and the individuals concerned - which is necessary for the construction of future policies on sustainable scientific development. This empirical account provides a nuanced analysis of the duration and flow of scientific mobility showing the prevalence of repeat and shuttle moves in science careers. It will be of particular interest to researchers in European social policy, migration studies and EU law, as well as policymakers in the field of highly skilled migration - especially those working on the free movement of persons provisions and the European Research Area and European Area of Higher Education.Trade Review'The book can be seen as a welcomed contribution to this field of study. . . [it] raises some important questions and problems of scientific mobility.' -- Hogni Kalso Hansen, Papers in Regional Science'This is a very timely book looking at East-West migration, which has recently become a hot political issue in various West European countries. It does an excellent job in laying out the intricacies of mobility that affect different groups, particularly "knowledge migrants". The book successfully shows that "knowledge migrants" follow different motivational routes than other groups of migrants in their choice of mobility between institutes and nations. It makes a valuable contribution to a growing body of research that seeks to change established thinking and rhetoric about migration and to shift it from a dualistic thinking of migration in terms of economic vs. non-economic migrants. What this book shows is that the professional identity of people often supersedes their nationalities in relation to why and where they move.' -- Sami Mahroum, NESTA, UK'Based on excellent empirical research on migrating scientists from Poland and Bulgaria to the UK and Germany, this book follows an innovative agenda which is crucial to the world today - the movement of people and the movement of knowledge. It achieves this by a creative blend of analysing personal stories, embedded in their professional and family networks, on the one hand, and macro-scale discussions of brain drain, brain gain and national and European policy implications on the other.' -- Russell King, University of Sussex, UK'This book makes a timely contribution to understanding the circulation of scientific knowledge via international mobility. It skillfully combines an analysis of structural and institutional changes, with a focus on individual circumstances, life courses and motivations. The outcome is a compelling account of the role of international migration in the transfer of knowledge across borders, and in shaping the careers of individual scientists. This places people and human mobility at the heart of the debate about how the knowledge economy is produced and reproduced.' -- Allan Williams, London Metropolitan University, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Marek Okólski 1. Introduction: Moving People and Knowledge – Defining the Research Agenda Part I: Understanding Migration Behaviour and Patterns 2. Circulators, Returners and Settlers: Migration Trajectories and Patterns 3. Migration Processes and their Determinants: ‘Professional’ Factors 4. The Impact of Partnering on Migration Processes and Outcomes 5. Multiple Life-courses? The Impact of Children on Migration Processes 6. The Role of Networks and Connections in Shaping Migration Processes and Effects Part II: Assessing Impact: The Experience of Receiving and Sending Countries 7. Brain Gain? Assessing the Value of Scientific Migration to Receiving Countries 8. Brain Drain? The Experiences of Sending Countries 9. Summary, Conclusions and Policy Implications References Index

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