Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions Books

Book SynopsisRichard Müller, a leading figure of the German Revolution in 1918, is unknown today. As the operator and unionist who represented Berlin’s metalworkers, he was main organiser of the ‘Revolutionary Stewards’, a clandestine network that organised a series of mass strikes between 1916 and 1918. With strong support in the factories, the Revolutionary Stewards were the driving force of the Revolution. By telling Müller's story, this study gives a very different account of the revolutionary birth of the Weimar Republic. Using new archival sources and abandoning the traditional focus on the history of political parties, Ralf Hoffrogge zooms in on working class politics on the shop floor and its contribution to social change. First published in German by Karl Dietz Verlag as Richard Müller - Der Mann hinter der November Revolution, Berlin, 2008, this english edition was completerly revised for the english speaking audience and contains new sources and recent literature.Trade Review"[Ralf Hoffrogge's] biography of Richard Müller is [...] far removed from the old fashioned “great-men-make-history” interpretation of high-political notoriety; instead, the political life of the protagonist is firmly located within the dynamics of a mass-based social movement “from below.” As the author points out, the failures of the man derives from the failures of the movement. But we also learn a great deal about Richard Müller as a “forgotten revolutionary” and the Revolutionary Shop Stewards (RSS) as a “forgotten movement,” as well as why he was forgotten". - Norman LaPorte, “Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed and Something Blue”: Recent Literature in Communist Studies, in Moving the Social: Journal of Social History and the History of Social Movements, Vol 55 (2016): pp. 120-123. "Hoffrogge’s biography differs from those written about revolutionary icons like Liebknecht or Luxemburg for very practical reasons. The latter were from middle-class backgrounds and used to writing letters and articles offering biographers insights into their political but also private lives. An ordinary worker like Müller did not leave comparable records. […] For a book that is not about Müller the great individual but about one worker as first among equals, this absence of detailed private records is actually quite apt. It reflects workers’ subordinate position in capitalist societies. What made these equals, the Revolutionary Shop Stewards, so interesting is that they had a capacity to mobilize rank-and-file workers in large numbers because, unlike many of the Spartacists, they worked alongside them and knew when they were ready for action, but also when they were hesitant, anxious, or subdued. Hoffrogge’s book is a first-rate invitation to think about a link between Richard Müller and the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and today’s still unfocused struggles against imperialist wars and capitalist exploitation." Ingo Schmidt, Coordinator of the Labour Studies Program at Athabasca University, in: WorkingUSA: The Journal of Labor and Society, September 2015, Volume 18.3: 525-528. 霍夫拉格这本书的重要价值，在于揭示了社会主义运动中常被忽视的一个事 实，即工人阶级政党的理论如何才能被群众所接受。长久以来，在共产主义运动史 的撰写中，一方面强调革命领袖的重要作用，另一方面强调工人阶级的重要作用， 但二者之间的纽带是谁？理查德·穆勒的经历似乎给出了这一问题的答案。 马嘉鸿，当代世界社会主义问题·２０１６年第 ３期，119-122. (Ma Jiahong, Issues of Contemporary World Socialism, Sept 2016, issue 3, pp.119-122) "Ralf Hoffrogge is especially successfully in describing how a group of ordinary working men, who in no way began as revolutionaries but rather as trade unionists fighting to defend workers’ living standards, nonetheless built up the only network which was able to bring workers on and off the streets [...] during the revolutionary upheavals. He explores the complicated relationship between the Stewards and the various socialist political parties with great skill and discusses the emergence of a new kind of socialism amongst Müller and his colleagues, which did not focus on state power and centralisation but rather on grassroots democracy and workers’ control, sometimes known as council communism." Dick Geary, Emeritus Professor of Modern History, University of Nottingham, UK "The merit of Hoffrogge’s contribution is a capacity to translate his extensive research into a wide-ranging historical analysis and narrative of the role of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and Richard Müller. [...] In addition to the great historical importance of Hoffrogge’s work, the study of the subject will also play an important role for contemporary debates about the road to socialism." Dario Azzellini, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Linz, Austria "Ralf Hoffrogge has authored an invaluable addition to the literature of German radicalism by detailing the life of one of the key leaders of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards. Müller and his comrades provide an interesting contrast to more well known supporters of Social Democracy and Communism within the German workers’ movement." William A. Pelz, Director of the Institute of Working Class History, Chicago, USATable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Sisyphus of the Revolution: A Preface, Wolfgang Wippermann Author’s Preface 1 Introduction: A Forgotten Revolutionary The Politics of Historical Interpretation The Makers of the German Revolution 2 Background, Youth, and Early Union Activities: 1880-1913 From Farm to Factory Müller’s (Very) Private Life Fighting Taylorism with its Own Weapons Bureaucracy in the Service of Agitation 3 Opposition to the Burgfrieden: 1914-1918 ‘The Great Betrayal’ From Discipline to Opposition Early Ambiguities and their Price 4 The Revolutionary Shop Stewards and Political Mass Strikes: 1916-1918 The Stewards’ First Political Strike: Protesting Liebknecht’s Arrest Repression and the New Opposition Müller’s Arrest and the April Strike Marking Time under Repression Preparing for the January Strike: Rising Discontent and the Bolshevik Example The January 1918 Strike: Council Power Emerges The Politics of the Action Committee and the End of the January Strike Barth and Däumig lead in Müller’s Absence Müller’s Return 5 The German Revolution in Berlin, 1918 The Stewards and the Spartacists: A Tale of Two Styles Arming the Revolution Outbreak Council Power The State of the Revolution 6 Chairman of the Berlin Executive Council: 1918–1919 Conflict, Caution and Counter-revolution Loss of National Power 7 Richard Müller and the Council Movement: 1918–1919 The Council Movement in War and Revolution The First Council Congress and the Triumph of Parliamentarianism The Blocked Path to Socialism Berlin’s January Uprising Political Murder, Demoralisation, and the End of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards Theorising Council Socialism The March Strikes of 1919 After the Tumult 8 From Council Movement to Works Councils: 1919-1920 Council Ideal and Works Council Reality Leading the Left Opposition in the DMV Defeat at Nuremberg, Compromise in Stuttgart The Works Councils Act, Armed Conflict and Party Split DMV Political Divisions and the Works Council Centre The first Works Council Congress 1920 The State of the Revolution in 1920 9 From Council Socialism to Party Communism and Beyond: 1920-1924 The Leninist Model and the USPD Split The Communist Union Centre The Red International of Labour Unions Crisis in the Communist Party and the March Action of 1921 Post-March Crises and `Made in Moscow´ Resolution The Revelation Affair Müller, the unwanted Communist 10 Richard Müller as Historian of the German Revolution: 1923-1925 Müller’s Historiographical Approach Müller as Publisher 11 Footnotes and Suppression - Richard Müller’s Impact on Historiography The Millstones of Social Democracy and Marxism-Leninism Müller in East Germany Müller in West Germany 12 Break with Politics, Withdrawal into Private Life: 1925-1943 The DIV, the ‘Construction Issue’ and Union Fragmentation Müller as Landlord Drifting back to Social Democracy? Returning to Obscurity 13 Conclusion: The Darkness of History Bibliography 1. Printed Sources 2. Literature About the Author Index

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Book SynopsisThe February Revolution, Petrograd, 1917 is the most comprehensive book on the epic uprising that toppled the tsarist monarchy and ushered in the next stage of the Russian Revolution. Hasegawa presents in detail the intense drama of the nine days of the revolution, including the workers' strike, soldiers' revolt, the scrambling of revolutionary party activists to control the revolution, and the liberals’ conspiracy to force Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate. Based on his previous work, published in 1981, the author has revised, enlarged, and reinterpreted the complexity of the February Revolution, resulting in a major and timely reassessment on the occasion of its centennial. See inside the book.Trade Review"... his achievement in creating a superbly clear and detailed, indeed encyclopaedic, rendering of the whirlwind of events that plunged Russian society into crisis in February 1917 and gave birth to ‘Dual Power’ is formidable scholarship." - Simon Cosgrove, Europe-Asia Studies 72/9 (2020)Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Maps List of Abbreviations Part I: Russia and the First World War 1. Russia Enters the War 2. The Political Crisis of the Summer 1915 3. Deepening Gulf: The Government and the Liberals, 1916 4. Petrograd during the War 5. The War and the Workers 6. The War and the Revolutionary Parties Part II: On the Eve 7. The Tsar, the Tsarina, and the Government 8. The Security of Petrograd 9. The Liberal Opposition 10. The Liberals, Conspiracies, and the Freemasons 11. The Workers and the Revolutionary Parties Part III: The Uprising 12. The Beginning: February 23 13. The Second Day: February 24 14. The General Strike: February 25 15. Bloody Sunday: February 26 16. The Insurrection, February 27 Part IV: The Petrograd Soviet and the Duma Committee 17. The Formation of the Petrograd Soviet 18. The Formation of the Duma Committee 19. The First Steps of the Duma Committee 20. The Petrograd Soviet and the Masses 21. The ‘Transfer’ of Power Part V: The Abdication of Nicholas II 22. Nicholas II and the Revolution 23. The Duma Committee and the Monarchy 24. The Stavka and Counterrevolutionary Attempts 25. The Abdication of Nicholas II 26. The Duma Committee’s Delegates Part VI: The Formation of the Provisional Government and the Birth of Dual Power 27. The Formation of the Provisional Government 28. Grand Duke Mikhail Aleksandrovich’s Renunciation of the Throne 29. The Provisional Government, the State Duma, and the Birth of Dual Power 30. Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTémoignages vécus et décrits en direct par deux diplomates français sur la Perse avant, pendant, et après le coup d’État de 1921, Georges Ducrocq (attaché militaire) et Hélène Hoppenot (épouse du chargé d’affaires). Live description of Persia before, during and after the coup of February 1921 by two French diplomats, Georges Ducrocq (military attaché) and Hélène Hoppenot (wife of the French chargé d’affaires)Trade Review"George Alfred Jean Ducrocq (1874‒1927) was France’s military attaché in Tehran in 1919‒21. Hélène Hoppenot, née Delacour (1894‒1990), was the wife of Henri Hoppenot, who served as the French chargé d’affaires in the Iranian capital in the same years. Both wrote private diaries during their stay in Iran. Yann Richard has resurrected these writings—and their authors—by publishing them in a flawlessly edited version accompanied by informative commentary and followed by a 100-page prosopography covering all of Iran’s major political figures of the period. Ducrocq and Hoppenot’s observations offer insight into many hidden corners of Iran’s history immediately following World War I and leading up to Reza Khan’s coup of 1921, a period that remains curiously understudied."[..] "The edition under review should invite scholars to incorporate the French archives next time they write about this period. No one working on Vosuq al-Dowla, Starroselsky or Reza Khan in his run-up to power can henceforth afford to overlook this material. Rudi Matthee, University of Delaware, in Iranian Studies, 2016Table of ContentsIntroduction 2 1 – Le coup d’État de 1921 et les sources historiques 2 Problème des dates 4 2 – Pourquoi ces deux journaux en parallèle ? 5 3 – Méthode d’édition 7 4 – Les notices biographiques 7 5 – Quelques questions importantes 8 Starosselsky 8 Ziyâ od-Din Tabâtabâ’i 9 Le danger bolchevique 10 L’Accord Anglo-Persan 11 6 - Les auteurs 11 Georges Ducrocq 11 Hélène Hoppenot 13 Glossaire 15 Transcription 16 Georges Ducrocq : Journal de Perse (1919-1921) 17 Note sur l’édition du texte 18 Du 13 avril au 13 novembre 1919 19 Du 13 décembre 1919 au 23 mai 1920 65 Du 5 juin au 28 octobre 1920 127 Du 28 octobre 1920 au 18 mai 1921 138 Suite du Journal de Perse : 24 août au 28 octobre 1921 240 Sur la situation financière de la Perse – des renseignements 263 Voyage de retour Téhéran-Paris 274 Textes sans date rédigés et dactylographiés 286 Hélène Hoppenot, Journal : Téhéran 1920-1922 291 Avant-propos 292 Hélène Hoppenot — Journal 1920 293 Journal 1921 353 Journal 1922 399 Répertoire prosopographique et index 405 Notices biographiques 410 Bibliographie 496 Chronologie 500 English Contents English Summary Index

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Book SynopsisThe Berlin council movement of 1919–20 proves that there was a left alternative beyond Social Democracy and Stalinism in the German Revolution. The movement combined an impressive mass mobilisation with extensive socialist and democratic aspirations that pointed far beyond the Weimar order. Berlin was not just the centre of the November Revolution of 1918, but also the most important arena of the Second Revolution that followed. For the first time, the movement is analysed here in all its diversity and on the basis of a broad range of sources. Beside the workers' and factory councils, it also includes councils of students, women, the unemployed and intellectuals. Central events such as the 1919 general strike and the struggle against the Kapp Putsch of 1920 are also examined.Table of ContentsForeword to the English Edition About the Author Abbreviations Introduction  The Subject, Its Historical Context and Its Significance  The Present State of Research  Methodology and Sources 1 The March 1919 General Strike in Berlin  The Course of Events – a Brief Outline  Strikes in the Other Regions  Objectives of the Leadership and Measures Taken  Cross-Regional Coordination  Pressure from Below: The Rank and File of the Movement  Official Strike Demands  Scope and Capacity for Mobilisation  Organisation of the Strike Movement  Citizens’ Council and General Strike  The Role of the Media  Street Fighting during the Strike  The Response of the Governments  Interim Conclusion 2 The Demonstration outside the Reichstag on 13 January 1920  The Opposition Is Forming  The Course of Events at the Demonstration  Consequences  Contradictory Interpretations  The Role of the Security Police and Military  Interim Conclusion 3 The Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch and the Council Movement  Starting Shot from the Right: The Putsch  Backlash from the Left: The General Strike in Germany and Berlin  Workers’ Organisations: For and against the Councils  A Second Spring for the Councils? Reconstruction and Activities  Interim Conclusion 4 The Revolutionary Central Office of Factory Councils  Foundation and Organisational Structure  Programme  Rivalry with the Trade Unions  Interim Conclusion 5 Pupil Councils  A Special Case: Gustav Wyneken’s Attempt at Reform  The Starting Point: Vocational Schools and the Youth Workers’ Movement  Structure of the Pupil Councils  The School Strike in the Summer of 1919  Relationship to the ‘Actual’ Council Movement  Interim Conclusion 6 Unemployed Councils  Unemployment in Berlin  Organisational Development of the Unemployed Councils  Objectives and Activities  Relations with the Other Sections of the Workers’ Movement  Interim Conclusion 7 The ‘Political Council of Intellectual Workers’ 8 Women and the Council Movement  Contemporary Reflections on the Integration of Women into the Councils  Women in Council Practice  Interim Conclusion 9 The Council Policies of the Left Parties and Trade Unions  Origins and Contents of Article 165 of the Weimar Constitution and of the Factory Councils Act  Free Trade Unions: General German Trade Union Federation, DMV and AfA  SPD  KPD  USPD  Interim Conclusion 10 Summary and Conclusion  Aims and Concepts  Organisational Structures  Modes of Action  Relationship to the State  Council Movement and Revolution Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Mandate of Heaven examines the first European version of Sunzi’s Art of War, which was translated from Chinese by Joseph Amiot, a French missionary in Beijing, and published in Paris in 1772. His work is presented in English for the first time. Amiot undertook this project following the suppression of the Society of Jesus in France with the aim of demonstrating the value of the China mission to the French government. He addressed his work to Henri Bertin, minister of state, beginning a thirty-year correspondence between the two men. Amiot framed his translation in order to promote a radical agenda using the Chinese doctrine of the “mandate of heaven.” This was picked up within the sinophile and radical circle of the physiocrats, who promoted China as a model for revolution in Europe. The work also arrived just as the concept of strategy was emerging in France. Thus Amiot’s Sunzi can be placed among seminal developments in European political and strategic thought on the eve of the revolutionary era.Trade Review“The Mandate of Heaven is a welcome addition to studies on French Jesuits and their impact on the Enlightenment. Parr and the other contributors to the volume are to be applauded for their contributions to understanding eighteenth-century Jesuit missionary culture and the global connections that facilitated and inspired the Enlightenment.” - Daniel J. Watkins, Baylor University, in: Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2020), pp. 687-689Table of Contents Acknowledgments  Contributors  Introduction  1The Context of the Translation  1.1The Military Enlightenment  1.2War and Peace  1.3The Suppression of the Jesuits  1.4The China mission  1.5The Standing of China at the Outbreak of the Seven Years’ War  1.6The Physiocrats  1.7The Correspondance littéraire  1Translating theSunzi  1The Texts  2Sources  3Approaching Translation  4Language Barriers  2Joseph Amiot’sSunzi  1Notes on the English Translation  2Preface by the Publisher, Joseph de Guignes  3Translator’s Preface  4The Emperor’s Preface to the Ten Precepts Addressed to Men at Arms  3The Thirteen Chapters on Military Art, a Work Composed in Chinese by Sunzi  Preface  1The Fundamentals of Military Art  2On the Beginning of the Campaign  3On What One Needs to have Thought of Before a Battle  4On the Positioning of Troops  5On Skill in the Leading of Troops  6On Fullness and Emptiness  7On the Advantages to Be Secured  8On the Nine Changes  9On the Conduct of Troops  10On Knowledge of the Landscape  11On the Nine Types of Terrain  12Guide to How to Fight with Fire  13On How to Make Use of Dissension and Sow Discord  4Interpreting Amiot’sSunzi  1Utility  2Science, Art, and Perspective  3Grande science and Grand Art  4La Doctrine: The Way  5Benevolence  6A Second Reading  5Postscript: Strategy and Revolution  1Responses to the Art Militaire  2Henri Bertin’s Correspondance Militaire  3Strategy  Appendix 1: Joseph Amiot’s Letter to Henri Bertin, Beijing, September 23, 1766  Appendix 2: Amiot’s Life  Family Background  Education  A Jesuit in the Kingdom of France  Journey to and Arrival in Beijing  The French Mission  Early Years (1751–64)  The Appeal of Chinese Music  Amiot’s Scientific Research  Amiot’s Contact with European Academies  Amiot’s Major Period of Writing  The Abolition of the Society of Jesus  Writer, Translator, and Correspondent  Further Research into Chinese Music  Later Years  Final Works: Chinese Dances and Scientific Research  A Major Shock: The Impact of the Revolutionary Upheaval in France  Amiot the Missionary  His Network of Contacts  Other Works  Ethno-linguistics  History  Science  Art  Portraits of Amiot  Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis groundbreaking comparative study rediscovers the socialists of Russia’s borderlands, upending conventional interpretations of working-class politics and the Russian Revolution. Researched in eight languages, Revolutionary Social Democracy challenges long-held assumptions by scholars and activists about the dynamics of revolutionary change.Trade ReviewListen to Lay Led Unions' episode on Revolutionary Social Democracy: Working-Class Politics Across the Russian Empire (1882-1917) featuring Eric Blanc. Also, listen to a panel discussion of Eric Blanc's groundbreaking new book, here. "Eric Blanc's remarkable new book should revolutionize the way scholars and activists think about the Russian Revolution. By looking not just at Petrograd or Russia but at the entire Russian Empire—including Finland, Ukraine, and Poland—Blanc’s pathbreaking comparative analysis examines how and why revolutionary processes diverge under parliamentary and autocratic regimes. Drawing on far-flung sources in eight languages, Blanc breaks with the Russocentrism of earlier accounts and effectively deprovincializes the revolution. Among other things, he demonstrates that Lenin and the Bolsheviks were not nearly as exceptional as is often thought. This book is an extraordinary achievement." — Jeff Goodwin, New York University “Anyone interested in the Russian Revolution will need to read this outstanding contribution. Puncturing myths, cliches, and unsupported interpretations, Eric Blanc explores a forgotten historical reality — revolutionary social democracy — by vividly documenting the actual strategic outlooks and local practices of Second International Marxists across the Russian Empire, as well as Germany, the homeland of this political current. An impressively wide reading in sources from many languages allows Blanc to demonstrate the importance of borderland socialists in the revolutionary drama, bringing to life activists at all levels of party organizations throughout imperial Russia and challenging us to rethink long-held assumptions about major figures such as Lenin and Kautsky.” — Lars T. Lih, McGill University “Through impressive research and erudite argumentation, this monumental study of the broad array of ‘revolutionary social democratic’ parties that operated in the non-Russian borderlands of the Tsarist Empire in the decades leading to 1917 definitively shows why there was no ‘one-size-fits-all’ revolutionary practice and why there is no reason to overgeneralize the international relevance of the form taken by the October Revolution. A tour de force which provides strong historical foundations for all those today working to develop an anticapitalist, democratic socialist political strategy for renewed working-class formation and state transformation.” — Leo Panitch, York UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Tables Introduction  1 Bringing in the Borderlands  2 Strategic Continuities and Ruptures  3 Method, Structure, Sources 1 The Social Context  1 The Workers’ Movement  2 The Unique Impact of Orthodox Marxism  3 Socialist Political Cultures 2 Revolutionary Social Democracy: An Overview  1 The ABC s of Revolutionary Social Democracy  2 Strategy and Tactics in Germany and Russia 3 Intellectuals and Workers  1 Intellectuals and the Tensions of Class Formation  2 Intellectuals and Workers (1905–17) 4 Organisation, Mass Action, and Electoral Work  1 Socialist Organisation in Finland  2 Illegal Organising in Tsarist Russia  3 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split  4 The First Mass Strike Debates (1903–04)  5 Mass Action and Organisation in 1905  6 Party Organisation and Mass Action (1906–14)  7 War and Revolution  8 Mass Organisation and Action in Finland: 1917–18 5 Working-Class Hegemony  1 Analysing Liberalism  2 Tactics Towards Liberals  3 The Bund versus Zionism (1897–1904)  4 The PPS and the National Democrats Before 1905  5 Class Independence in Finland  6 Early Russian Marxism and Liberals  7 Working-Class Hegemony (1905–16)  8 Proletarian Hegemony and Liberals (1906–16) 6 Working-Class Unity  1 United Front Practices Before 1905  2 Workers’ Unity and the 1905 Revolution  3 Implementing the United Front (1906–18)  4 Disunity in Europe and Poland 7 The Party Question  1 The German SPD Model  2 Finland’s Social Democracy  3 The Normalcy of Splits in Underground Russia  4 The Split of Polish Socialism  5 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split 8 Democracy, the State, and the Finnish Revolution  1 Critique of Bourgeois Democracy  2 The Socialist Revolution  3 The State and Revolution in Finland (1917–18) 9 The Autocratic State and Revolution: 1905  1 State Power and Marxist Strategy in 1905  2 The Practice of Revolutionary Government in 1905  3 Socialist Transformation in Russia  4 International Revolution 10 The State and Revolution in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland: 1917–19  1 Moderate Socialists and Dual Power in 1917  2 Moderates Join the Government  3 Russian Moderate Socialists in the October Revolution  4 Moderate Socialists in Ukraine: 1917–18  5 Moderate Socialism in Poland: 1918–19  6 Bolsheviks and State Power: February–March 1917  7 Breaking with the Bourgeoisie: April–October Epilogue: An International Revolution Defeated  1 Civil War and Authoritarianism  2 International Revolution  3 Impasse in the Imperial Periphery Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn the early modern period, images of revolts and violence became increasingly important tools to legitimize or contest political structures. This volume offers the first in-depth analysis of how early modern people produced and consumed violent imagery, and assesses its role in memory practices, political mobilization, and the negotiation of cruelty and justice. Critically evaluating the traditional focus on Western European imagery, the case studies in this book draw on evidence from Russia, China, Hungary, Portugal, Germany, North America, and other regions. The contributors highlight the distinctions among visual cultures of violence, as well as their entanglements in networks of intensive transregional communication, early globalization, and European colonization. Contributors: Monika Barget, David de Boer, Nóra G. Etényi, Fabian Fechner, Joana Fraga, Malte Griesse, Alain Hugon, Gleb Kazakov, Nancy Kollmann, Ya-Chen Ma, Galina Tirnanić, and Ramon Voges.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction: Revolts and Political Violence in Early Modern Imagery  Malte Griesse, Monika Barget and David de Boer Part 1: Visual Markers of Legitimacy 1 To Visualize or Not to Visualize: Commemorating the Suppression of Revolt in Early Qing China  Ya-chen Ma 2 Visualizing Punishment in Byzantium: Disseminating Memories of Quelled Revolts before the Age of Mechanical Reproduction  Galina Tirnanić 3 Revolutionary Ceremonies and Visual Culture during the Neapolitan Revolt (1647–1648)  Alain Hugon Part 2: Confessional Conflict 4 From Power Brokers to Rebels: How Frans Hogenberg Depicted the Beginning of the Dutch Revolt  Ramon Voges 5 Strategies of Transnational Identification: Images of the 1655 Massacre of the Waldensians in the Dutch Press  David de Boer 6 Image and Text as Propaganda during the Upper Austrian Peasant War, 1626  Malte Griesse Part 3: Foreign Observation 7 The International Reputation and Self-Representation of Hungarian Noblemen in the Seventeenth Century  Nóra G. Etényi and Monika Barget 8 Representing the King: The Images of João IV of Portugal (1640–1652)  Joana Fraga 9 Marking Political Legitimacy in Early Modern Images of Russia  Nancy Kollmann 10 Through Glory and Death: Stepan Razin and the 1670–1671 Cossack Rebellion in Western Early Modern Visual Culture  Gleb Kazakov Part 4: Revolutionary Images 11 Concepts of Leadership in Early Portraits of American Revolutionaries  Monika Barget 12 Satirical Rebels? Irritating Anticipations in European Visualizations of Black American Insurgents around 1800  Fabian Fechner Index

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Book SynopsisHistoriographically this book rests on the fact that European transitions to modern economic growth were obstructed and promoted by the Revolution in France and 15 years of geopolitical conflict sustained by Napoleon in order to establish French Hegemony over the states and economies of Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal and overseas commerce. The chapters reveal that their authors concerns to analyse both the nature and significance of connections between geopolitical and economic forces lend coherence to a collaborative endeavour utilising comparative methods to address a mega question. What might be plausibly concluded about the economic costs and the benefits of this protracted conjuncture of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare? Contributors are: Patrick Karl O’Brien, Loïc Charles, Guillaume Daudin, Silvia Marzagalli, Marjolein ’t Hart, Johan Joor, Mark Dincecco, Giovanni Federico, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Carlos Santiago-Caballero, Cristina Moreira, Jaime Reis, Rita Martins de Sousa, and Peter M.Solar.Table of ContentsList of Maps, Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Preface 1 Exploring Connections between the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, State Formation and the Growth of European Economies   Patrick Karl O’Brien 2 Britain’s Wars with France 1793–1815 and Their Contribution to the Consolidation of Its Industrial Revolution 22   Patrick Karl O’Brien 3 In the Epicentre of the Storm? The Effects of the Revolution and Warfare on the French Economy, 1789–1815   Loïc Charles, Guillaume Daudin and Silvia Marzagalli 4 War, State Growth, and Germany’s Transition to Post-Malthusian Growth   Ulrich Pfister 5 Revolutionary Wars and Economic Change in the New State of the Netherlands, 1795–1815   Marjolein ‘t Hart and Johan Joor 6 Napoleon in Italy A Legacy of Institutional Reform?   Mark Dincecco and Giovanni Federico 7 The Napoleonic Wars A Watershed in Spanish History   Leandro Prados de la Escosura and Carlos Santiago-Caballero 8 Portugal’s French Wars Cost, Loss, Missed Opportunities? 1793–1850   Cristina Moreira, Jaime Reis and Rita Martins de Sousa 9 The Long-Term Effects of the French and Napoleonic Warson the Global Economy   Peter M. Solar Index 283

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Xuduo Zhao revisits the early twentieth-century Chinese revolution by focusing on two forgotten Cantonese socialists: Chen Gongbo and Tan Pingshan. By analyzing a host of previously untapped primary sources, Zhao discovers a social democratic approach within the newly founded Chinese Communist Party and argues that its decline marked a key moment in the Chinese communist movement. The study of these two figures, and the ebbs and flows of their lives, reflects and reveals the fundamental tensions in the Chinese revolution which have shaped China’s political trajectory to contemporary times and the broader political, social, and cultural landscapes of Republican China.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements list of Abbreviations Introduction  1 The Decline of Social Democracy: a Turning Point  2 Reflections on the Origin of Twentieth-Century Chinese Radicalism  3 A Fundamental Conundrum: between Governance and Revolution  4 Political Ideas and Social Identities: a Dynamic Entanglement  5 The Structure of the Book 1 Between Province and Capital (1917–1920)  1 Tan Pingshan: Climbing the Ladder  2 Making Sense of the Education Reforms  3 Chen Gongbo: off the Track  4 PKU: a Cultural Field  5 Learning to Be an Intellectual: Tan Pingshan and Chen Gongbo at PKU  6 Reception and Reinterpretation of Marxism 2 Between Democracy and Revolution (1920–1922)  1 The Discredited Establishment  2 Zhengheng: a Prelude to Social Democracy  3 Mapping the World: the Advent of the Age of Revolution  4 Making Sense of Marxism: Cantonese Social Democracy  5 Rationality, Debate, and Socialism: Creating a Public Cultural Space 3 Between Sun and Chen (1922)  1 The June 16th Incident  2 To Choose between Sun and Chen: an Enigmatic Quarrel within the CCP  3 A Difficult Decision to Make: the Communists in Shanghai  4 A Vague Relationship: Chen Jiongming and the Cantonese Communists  5 Behind the Mystery: the Origin of the Rumor  6 The Identity Problem: Intellectual vs. Revolutionary 4 Between Revolutionary and Politician (1923–1928)  1 Transforming into a Revolutionary: the Start of the Nationalist Revolution  2 Revolutionary vs. Politician: a Dilemma in Guangzhou  3 Revolutionary vs. Politician: a Dilemma Again in Wuhan  4 Building a Revolutionary Party: a Way Out? 5 Between Communism and Nationalism (1923–1928)  1 The Rise of Materialist Historiography in China  2 The School of “New History” and Hayes’ Historical Writings  3 Chen Gongbo’s Historical Practices  4 Chen Gongbo’s Interest in British Anti-Imperialism  5 Locating Chen Gongbo’s Left-Wing GMD Program Conclusion  1 The Abandonment of Social Democracy  2 Revolution and Counter-Revolution  3 Nationalism and Socialism Appendix: Events in Republican China (1915–1920) Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Communes and Conflict, Jan Dumolyn and Jelle Haemers explore the urban rebellions that regularly erupted in Flanders between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. They analyse not only how these rebellions were sparked and repressed, but also how they shaped the culture and identity of Flemish townspeople. Drawing from a wide range of theoretical methods and concepts, including those of discourse analysis, semiotics, speech acts, collective memory and material cultural studies, the authors return to key Marxist questions on ideology, labour and class interest to map the perspectives of the rebels, the urban patriciate and the Flemish and Burgundian nobility.

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Book SynopsisThis book reveals the limitations of dominant Western International Relations for studying the Arab Uprisings. It shows instead that focusing on varied social forces and non-state actors, as well as domestic semi-political and socio-economic transformations, can establish new ways of reading foreign policy and politics of post-revolutionary Middle East countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, and GCC countries.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Introduction Arab Uprising in Ten: Studying Change from Inside/Outside  1 The Post Arab Uprising(s) Chaos: What Went Wrong?  2 The Arab Uprising and the Prolonged Crisis of the Arab States  3 Book Structure 1 Theories of International Relations and Change in the Arab World Nine Fallacies  1 Structural Change in International Politics since the End of the Cold War  2 Critical School and Change  3 Critical International Relations Theories and the Arab Uprising(s)  4 Political Identity  5 The Failure of Neoliberal Policies  6 Political Will  7 Arab Uprising and ir Theories: an Encounter  7.1 Cognitive Fallacy  7.2 Eurocentric Fallacy  7.3 Modernity/Enlightenment Fallacy  7.4 Monologic Fallacy  7.5 Pedagogical Fallacy  8 The [Mis]representation and [Mis]location of the Arab World in the Field of ir  9 Knowledge Production of ir in the Arabic Speaking World  10 The Ahistorical Perspective of ir in the Arab World  11 The Fallacies of Applying ir Theories to the Study of the Arab World 2 No Revolution Why as-Ṣa’īdiyya Did Not Really Revolt?  1 Saʿid: Identity and Politics  2 Doing Ethnography in Upper Egypt  3 Reflexivity/Limitations  4 Peasants and Rural Societies: an Overview  5 al-Saʿidiyya, al-fellaheen, and the 2011 Uprising  6 Findings  7 Abu-Qurqas Case Study  8 Conclusion 3 Incomplete Revolution The Determinations of Post-revolution Egyptian Foreign Policy  1 Introduction  2 Theories of International Relations and Revolution  3 Revolution and Foreign Policy  4 The Determinations of Egyptian Foreign Policy after the Arab Spring  4.1 The Nature of the Revolution  4.2 Regional and International Changes  4.3 Global Public Opinion Orientations  5 Domestic Policy and Post-revolution Foreign Policy  5.1 National Choices  5.2 National Performance  5.3 Domestic Policy  5.4 Regime Type  5.5 Civil-Military Relations  5.6 Public Participation  5.7 National Strategy 4 Counter-Revolution: Egypt–Gulf Relations after the Arab Uprising From Predominance to Bandwagon  1 Introduction  2 Revolution and War and Peace  2.1 The Nature of Revolutionary Organizations and Ideologies  2.2 Domestic Repercussions of Internal Changes  2.3 The Type of Revolutionary Regimes and Leadership  3 Revolution from the Perspective of ‘Balance of Values’ Theory  3.1 Security Concerns  3.2 Threat Perception  3.3 Misperception and Miscalculations  3.4 Foreign Aid  3.5 Stability Concerns  4 Regional Balance of Power in the Middle East after the Arab Uprisings  5 Between Morsi and Sisi: Regime Change and Egypt-gcc Relations  5.1 Locally  5.2 Regionally  6 Egypt–gcc Relations Issues  7 Bilateral Relations  8 The gcc and the Arab Uprising in Egypt  9 Egypt and Saudi Arabia  10 Economic Aid  11 Political Support  12 Regional Stability  13 Conclusion 5 Undesired Revolution: Power Transition in the Arab World The Fall of Egypt, and the Rise of Gulf States  1 Structural Realism and International Relations of the gcc Countries  2 The Characteristics of the Arabian Gulf Regional System  3 The Small States in the Arabian Gulf: an Outline  4 How to Study Small States: a Historical Sociology Perspective  5 Historical Sociology and the Rise of Small Arab Gulf States  6 A Three-Level Model  7 Welcome to “The Khaleeji Age”  8 The Pillars of the gcc Rise  9 The Aspects of the gcc Rise  10 The Objectives of the gcc Rise  11 Challenges and Obstacles to the gcc Rise  12 Great Expectations? Conclusion Much Ado about Nothing: [Eurocentric] Theories of International Relations and the Study of Arab Uprisings  1 Towards New Imagination: On Decolonising the Study of the Arab World Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHow did the Bolsheviks see themselves? What grand narrative gave meaning to their revolutionary aspirations? The leading Western expert on Bolshevism, Lars T. Lih, answers these questions in the first-ever study of the Bolshevik outlook from Lenin to perestroika. Sharply focused case studies allow individual leaders – Lenin, Stalin, Bukharin, Trotsky, Zinoviev – to come alive and speak in their own voices, with surprising results that challenge conventional narratives left and right. What Was Bolshevism? uses novels, plays, literary criticism, photographs, statues, poetry, history textbooks, songs, and film to paint an indispensable self-portrait of Soviet civilization.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Original Publication Introduction: What Was Bolshevism? Part 1 Overview 1 Ordinary Miracles: Lenin’s Call for Revolutionary Ambition 2 The Soviet Union and the Path to Communism Part 2 Deferred Dreams: Against the Myth of ‘War Communism’ (1918–1921) 3 Tsiurupa’s White Beard 4 The Mystery of the ABC 5 Vlast from the Past: Stories Told by Bolsheviks Part 3 Time of Troubles: Policies (1914–1921) 6 Grain Monopoly and Agricultural Transformation: Ideals and Necessities 7 Bolshevik Razverstka and War Communism 8 Bolsheviks at Work: The Sowing Committees of 1920 Part 4 Time of Troubles: Outlook (1914–1921) 9 Bolshevism’s ‘Services to the State’: Three Voices 10 ‘Our Position Is in the Highest Degree Tragic’: Trotsky and Bolshevik ‘Euphoria’ in 1920 11 Zinoviev: Populist Leninist Part 5 NEP (1921–1930) 12 Political Testament: Lenin, Bukharin and the Meaning of NEP 13 Bukharin on Bolshevik ‘Illusions’: ‘War Communism’ vs. NEP Part 6 Stalin Era (1925–1953) 14 Stalin at Work: Introduction to Stalin’s Letters to Molotov 15 Bukharin’s Bolshevik Epic: The Prison Writings 16 Show Trials in the Stalin Era: On Stage and In Court 17 Vertigo: Masks and Lies in Stalin’s Russia 18 Who Is Stalin? What Is He? Part 7 Perestroika (1984–1991) 19 Perestroika Looks Back Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe six books by legendary Russian revolutionary, diplomat, espionage agent and journalist Larisa Reisner, published here together for the first time in translation, set the story of her life against the world-changing events of 1917, and accompany Brill’s publication of Cathy Porter’s Larisa Reisner: A Biography, published as volume 266 in the Historical Materialism book series.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Timeline Introduction  Cathy Porter The Front Afghanistan Berlin, October 1923 Hamburg at the Barricades Coal Iron and Living People In Hindenburg’s Country Index

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