Respiratory medicine Books

Book SynopsisPart I: Basic Bronchoscopy.- Tracheobronchial anatomy.- Flexible bronchoscopy.- Ultrathin bronchoscopy: indications and technique.- Rigid bronchoscopy.- Anesthesia for Interventional bronchoscopic procedures.- Evaluating outcomes  after interventional procedures.- Bronchoscopy education: Interventional Pulmonary standardization of training and education.- Part II: Interventional Procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.- Adaptations in the Interventional Pulmonary department.- Role of bronchoscopy in COVID.- Tracheostomy in COVID.- Part III: Tracheobronchial Obstructions.- Reopening the airway: fast methods.- Cryotherapy and cryospray: applications in the airways.- Endobronchial brachytherapy.- Photodynamic therapy.- Benign Airway stenosis.- Endobronchial prosthesis: old and the new.- Part IV: Lung cancer diagnosis.- Early lung Cancer: methods for detection.- Navigation Bronchoscopy.- Robotic Bronchoscopy.- Tissue acquisition in patients with suspected lung cancer.- Lung cancerscreening: what is new.- Lung cancer epidemiologic changes: implications in diagnosis and therapy.- Patient centered care: lung cancer patients.- Part V: Lung cancer staging.- TNM classification: review and clinical implications.- Lung cancer staging methods: a practical approach.- Mediastinoscopy, its variants and transcervical mediastinal lymphadenectomy.- Endobronchial ultrasound: update.- TBNA in the endobronchial ultrasound.- Part VI: Pleural Conditions.- Pleural anatomy: a pathological and surgical perspective.- Medical thoracoscopy.- Overview of the spectrum of chest tubes with focus on the tunneled pleural catheter: disease-specific selection.- Parapneumonic effusions and empyema.- Management of malignant pleural effusion.- Transthoracic Ultrasound: role in pleural conditions.- Part VII: Interventional Bronchoscopy for specific conditions.- Emphysema: endoscopic methods for lung volume reduction.- Asthma: Bronchial thermoplasty, an update.- Evaluation of Pulmonary solitary nodule: bronchoscopy role.- Interstitial lung disease: role of diagnostic bronchoscopy.- Long term oxygen therapy: review on transtracheal oxygen catheter.- Interventional bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.- Part VIII: Interventional Procedures in critical settings.- Overview of Interventions in the ICU.- Percutaneous tracheostomy.- Foreign bodies in the airway.- Airway fistulas.- Hemoptysis: endoscopic management.- Part IX: Interventions in pulmonary medicine: history and future perspectives.- History of bronchoscopy: the evolution of interventional bronchoscopy. 

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to highlight the importance of the development of health conditions and demand for the application of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) outside the intensive care units (ICUs); the diversification of possible scenarios outside the ICUs; the need to establish references that consolidate this phenomenon and the healthcare organizations models.In the last decades the extension of the use of NIMV outside of the ICUs has led to the generation of protocols and to the creation of new in-hospital care models. In this field, the main determining factors are a better knowledge of technique, technological advancement, better monitoring capacity, the creation of multidisciplinary teams adequately trained in their application, and social and health events that have overloaded ICUs. All these elements have promoted the creation of these NIMV units outside ICUs. This new reality entails the need for clarification of concepts, recommendations, and analysis of how to plan NIMV.Although the literature that clearly determine the indications and aids on the use of NIMV is considerable, this volume, pointing out the diversity of different healthcare models to define how to organize NIMV outside the ICUs, shed a light and bring a clear benefit to the scientific community involved.The book is structured in eleven main sections analyzing the epidemiology and trends for NIMV healthcare models and determining factors for these models outside ICUs.The originality of the work, its clear clinical-practical impact and the multidisciplinary approach given by all healthcare professionals involved (intensivists, pneumologists, internal medicine and emergency medicine specialists, geriatricians, chest respiratory therapists, etc.) is very relevant for the thoroughness of the book. Table of ContentsPart 1. Epidemiology, Rationale Equipment, Monitoring and Noninvasive Ventilation Response Outside Intensive Care Unit.- Epidemiology.- Rationale.- Clinical indications and recommendations.- Part 2. Indications for Noninvasive Mechanical ventilation outside ICU.- Classification Respiratory failure – Hypercapnic – Hypoxemic.- Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in Do not intubation order.- Comorbidities.- Part 3-Equipment and options for noninvasive ventilation outside ICU.- Options noninvasive ventilator support (NIMV, nasal high flow oxygen).- Equipments for Noninvasive mechanical ventilation.- Part 4. Monitoring Noninvasive mechanical ventilation outside ICU.- Basic monitoring.- Telemonitoring.- Part 5. Response, complications, safety, supervision, and quality indicators for NIMV outside ICU.- Risk factors failure.- Complications and prevention.- Safety recommendations.- Registration, supervision, and policies.- Quality indicators.- Part 6-Flow chart in noninvasive ventilation outside ICU.- Patients flow charts and models and NIMV: organization in hospital (pre- and beyond ICU).- Discharge planning’s from Intensive Care.- Prevention ICU-readmissions.- Part 7. Models of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Units.- NIMV in the Emergency Room.- NIMV in Step Down units.- NIMV in High dependency Critical Units.- NIMV in Conventional Respiratory ward.- NIMV in Respiratory intermediate care units.- NIMV in Internal Medicine ward.- NIMV in the Perioperative medicine.- NIMV in the Endoscopic wards.- NIMV in Specialized Weaning.- NIMV in Geriatric wards.- NIMV in Hematology - Oncology departments.- NIMV Palliative care and End-stage' NIMV in respiratory rehabilitation unit.- NIMV during intra-hospital transport.- Models of NIMV in Pandemics conditions.- Models of NIMV in Bioterrorism and other catastrophic conditions.- NIMV outside ICU in low-income countries.- Part 8. Respiratory Care, Education, Ethics and Cost of NIMV Outside Intensive Care Unit.- Chest physiotherapy.- Nutrition support.- Psychologic support.- Nurse Planning and family and caregivers support.- Part 9. Education, Ethics and Cost.- Education and accreditation recommendations for NIMV outside ICU.- Ethics and palliative aspects of NIMV outside ICU.- Cost determinants.- Part 10. Noninvasive Ventilation Outside Intensive Care Unit: Discharge Plan From Hospital To Home Care.- Hospital discharge planning for patients requiring NIMV support at home.- Role Respiratory technicians in discharge program from hospital to home.- Part 11. Outcome and Long Term Follow Up in NIMV Outside ICU.- Clinical determinants hospital outcome noninvasive ventilatory support outside ICU.- Long term follow up patients receiving home NIMV.

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Book SynopsisThis atlas is designed as an easy-to-use reference guide that identifies and illustrates the key patterns of diffuse lung diseases observed on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and then documents in more detail the characteristics and appearances of the individual diseases, grouped on the basis of their prevalent pattern. A further feature of the book is its interdisciplinary nature: contributions from experts in various specialties are tightly interwoven throughout and many pathologic correlations are included. Less experienced readers will find that this atlas, with its wealth of figures and helpful color coding, steers them towards correct interpretation when confronted by the multiplicity and complexity of these diseases; those who are already experts, on the other hand, will benefit from the detailed coverage of individual diseases, which will deepen their understanding. At the end of the book, a graphically appealing and practice-oriented illustrated glossary with tips and tricks offers a further highly effective educational tool. Given the clinical spectrum of diseases covered, this atlas will prove invaluable for a wide range of healthcare workers, especially radiologists, pulmonologists, and pathologists.Table of ContentsAnatomy.- Secondary Lobule.- Thinking through Pathology.- Elementary Lesions.- How to approach the Diseases.- Key HRCT Patterns.- Septal Pattern.- Fibrosing Pattern.- Nodular Pattern.- Alveolar Pattern.- Cystic Pattern.- Dark Lung Pattern.- Septal Diseases.- Fibrosing Diseases.- Nodular Diseases.- Alveolar Diseases.- Cystic Diseases.- Dark Lung Diseases.- Case-Based Glossary with Tips & Tricks.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a practical and easily understandable guide for mechanical ventilation. With a focus on the basics, this text begins with a detailed account of the mechanisms of spontaneous breathing as a reference point to then describe how a ventilator actually works and how to effectively use it in practice. The text then details: the various modes of ventilation commonly used in clinical practice; patient-ventilator interactions and dyssynchrony; how to approach a patient on the ventilator with respiratory decompensation; the optimal ventilator management for common disease states like acute respiratory distress syndrome and obstructive lung disease; the process of ventilator weaning; and hemodynamic effects of mechanical ventilation. Written for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians in a variety of different specialties (including internal medicine, critical care, surgery and anesthesiology), this book will instruct readers on how to effectively manage a ventilator, as well as explain the underlying interactions between it and the critically ill patient.Trade Review“The book is written for clinicians such as physicians, respiratory technicians, and nurses. … This book presents basic principles of mechanical ventilation essentials for clinicians working in critical care settings in a precise and easy-to-understand way. Illustrations and key points make the material easy to read and remember.” (Muhammad K Hayat Syed, Doody's Book Reviews, February, 2019)​Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Respiratory Mechanics of Spontaneous Breathing.- Phase Variables.- Basic Modes of Ventilation.- Evaluating the Patient on the Ventilator with Acute Respiratory Decompensation.- Patient-Ventilator Dyssynchrony.- Hemodynamic Consequences of Mechanical Ventilation.- Ventilator Strategies in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- Ventilator Strategies in Obstructive Lung Diseases.- Ventilator Weaning Strategies.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive guide to our current understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), its disease pathogenesis, genetic underpinnings, diagnosis, and management. Since the first edition, many new developments have occurred in the understanding and management of this serious disease, revising our understanding of how it presents, manifests, and reacts to certain treatments. This second edition is fully updated with six new chapters by our team of international, expert authors. New topics include: classification of interstitial lung disease, pulmonary function tests in IPF, biomarkers, clinical phenotypes, mimics, and a discussion of clinical trials. Each chapter additionally includes a brief summary of ongoing research and potential future directions. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for clinicians who desire a deeper understanding of IPF in order to better help their patients.Trade Review“This is likely one of the most comprehensive and complete books on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis currently available, and it should be extremely useful to pulmonologists and researchers who are interested in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this fatal disease.” (Santosh Dhungana, Doody's Book Reviews, April 26, 2019)Table of Contents1. Classification and Nomenclature of Interstitial Lung Disease 2. Epidemiology and Natural History of IPF 3. Histopathology of IPF and Related Disorders 4. Imaging of IPF 5. Pulmonary Function Tests in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 6. The Role of Immunity & Inflammation in IPF Pathogenesis 7. Mechanisms of Fibrosis in IPF 8. The Genetics of Pulmonary Fibrosis 9. Genomics and Epigenetics of Pulmonary Fibrosis 10. Biomarkers and IPF 11. Clinical Phenotypes and Co-morbidities in IPF 12. The Keys to Making a Confident Diagnosis of IPF 13. Pharmacologic Treatment of IPF 14. Mimics of IPF 15. Gastroesophageal Reflux and IPF 16. The Role of Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Oxygen Therapy 17. Acute Exacerbations of IPF 18. Lung Transplantation for IPF 19. Clinical Trials in IPF: What Are the Best Endpoints? 20. Future Directions for IPF Research

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Buch können Eltern zusammen mit ihren erkrankten Kindern allgemeinverständliche, aber umfassende Informationen über Asthma bronchiale nachlesen und erhalten wertvolle Tipps für den Umgang mit der Erkrankung. Gespickt mit vielen Illustrationen für Kinder, erklärt das Buch alles, was sie und ihre Eltern über Asthma wissen müssen.Die Autoren klären viele alltagsrelevante Fragen und helfen damit den Erziehungsberechtigten, über die Therapie mit zu bestimmen und so zu vermeiden, dass die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Kinder vermindert ist. Dieser Asthmaratgeber berücksichtigt die neuesten Therapiekonzepte und enthält ein Asthmalexikon mit Erklärungen medizinischer Fachbegriffe sowie nützliche Adressen und Links. Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book will help the reader confused by a multiplicity of diseases responsible for similar symptoms in different patients. The chapters are noticeably sign-oriented rather than disease-oriented, each dealing with one of the four cardinal modalities of HRCT presentation. Each chapter is introduced by a list of diseases, immediately followed by a detailed description of each disease, and the chapters are illustrated with enlarged images giving rhythm to the written text.Trade Review The book is well organized with color coded sections, excellent summary charts and quality coned down HRCT images illustrating the salient radiographic findings.... I found it easy to find pertinent information rapidly. I like the way the book is organized. As a radiologist, I really enjoyed the clinical and pathologic aspects included in a concise fashion. The layout and organization is quite unique compared to other texts on this subject. The authors have succeeded in making a user-friendly, thorough, and well structured guide for the evaluation of patients with diffuse lung disease. I would highly recommend this to physicians from the resident level to the specialist, including radiologists, pulmonologists, internists, and pathologists. (Michael Farah, Doody's Review) "...The size and layout of the book means that it is relatively portable and easy to read. For those radiologists who do not have the time to read the book from cover to cover, there a numerous simplified tables, incorporating disease patterns and suggested diagnoses. These act as a good quick reference guide. Overall, this is a well-written book, which serves both the interested and inexperienced reporter of HRCT. Not only does it act as a useful introduction to diffuse lung disease, but it would be an immensely valuable addition to any CT reporting bench. In addition, the book is entirely relevant to interested thoracic physicians and pathologists." (A. Devaraj, Clin radiol, December 2006) Table of ContentsAnatomy. Bronchovascular bundles. Bronchi, arteries and veins. Secondary lobule. Definition. Centrilobular interstitium. Intralobular interstitium. Perilobular interstitium. Pleural-parenchymal interface. Pleura and subpleural space.- Key Pattern: Reticular pattern. Definition. Smooth. Nodular. Irregular. Nodular pattern. Definition. Centrilobular. Random. Perilymphatic. Alveolar pattern. Definition. Mixed-density, acute. Mixed-density, chronic. Mosaic oligemia with air-trapping. Tree-in-bud. Cystic pattern. Definition. Clusters of grapes. String of pearls. Honeycombing. Random cysts.- Reticular Diseases. Amyloidosis, interstitial. Asbestosis, early. Collagen vascular diseases, early. Drug toxicity. HP, chronic. LC. NSIP. PE, interstitial. Sarcoidosis, fibrosing. UIP, early.- Nodular Diseases. HP, subacute. LCH, early. LIP. Metastases. RB-ILD. Sarcoidosis, granulomatous. Silicosis. TB, miliary. Large rounded opacities.-Alveolar Diseases. AIP. ARDS. BAC. CB. CEP. DAH. DIP. Drug toxicity. HP, acute. Infections, endobronchial. MALToma. OP. PAP. PCP. PE, alveolar.- Cystic Diseases. Asbestosis, advanced . Bronchiectasis, cystic. CF. Collagen vascular diseases, advanced. Emphisema. LAM. LCH, advanced. UIP, advanced.- Glossary.- Subject Index.-

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Book SynopsisPart 1 Epidemiology and social issues.- 1 Epidemiology of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adult - How much is  the prevalence of adult patients with sleep apnea at present?.- 2 Epidemiology of SAS in children - What should we know about the prevalence of patients in children with sleep apnea at present?.- 3 OSA, morphology and pathophysiology - Why is the morphology so important in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea?.- 4 Obstructive sleep apnea and lifestyle diseases - Is there a correlation between sleep apnea and lifestyle diseases?.- Part 2 Treatment and the related problems.- 5 Weight loss and positional therapy - Is it effective weight loss or positional therapy for patients with OSA.- 6 Effect of CPAP therapy on weight changes - How to understand weight changes in patients with OSA following CPAP treatment?.- 7 Comparison of oral appliance and CPAP and problems - What is the position of oral appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea?.- 8 Implantable Therapy - What is the position of implantable equipment in the treatments for OSA.- 9 Telemedicine in clinical practice of obstructive sleep apnea patients - Is the telemedicine effective in the treatment of OSA patients?.- Part 3 SAS in patients with CVD.- 10 Sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure - What should we know about the correlation between sleep apnea syndrome and AF or heart failure?.- 11 SAS in coronary artery disease and stroke - What is known about a possible association between coronary artery disease or stroke and SAS?.- Part 4 The Social issue.- 12 Use of hypnotics - Do you subscribe sleeping pills for insomnia in OSA patients?.- 13 SAS and Driving - What should we know about patients with OSAS and driving?.- Part 5 Topics.-  14 CCHS and PHOX2B - What should we know about the diagnosis and management of patients with CCHS including PHOX2B gene?.- 15 Sleep-disordered breathing associated with neuromuscular diseases - What should we know about sleep-disordered breathing in patients with  neurological disorders?.- 16 Blood pressure, nocturia, and obstructive sleep apnea - What we know about their relationships?.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the role of epigenetics in pathogenesis of different pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary infections. It also explores post-translational modifications in DNA and histones for improving the understanding of lung diseases. This book helps in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms towards the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Further, the book provides insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of inflammation, which may have novel implications in designing small molecule inhibitors that target the epigenetic machinery for the effective treatment of a variety of inflammation‑related diseases. This book is a valuable resource for academics, research and industry professionals working in respiratory biology.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to Lung Diseases.- Chapter 2. Introduction to Epigenetics.- Chapter 3._Epigenetic mechanisms in Inflammation.- Chapter 4. Epigenetic regulator of inflammatory gene expression.- Chapter 5. Epigenetics of Asthma.- Chapter 6_. Epigenetic optimization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD.- Chapter 7. Epigenetics of Lung Cancer.- Chapter 8. Epigenetics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Chapter 9. Epigenetics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.- Chapter 10. Epigenetics of influenza-A virus infection.- Chapter 11. Epigenetics of rhinovirus.- Chapter 12. Epigenetics of SARS-Cov2 (Covid-19).- Chapter 13. Epigenetics of Haemophilus Influenzae.- Chapter 14. Future Prospects and Challenges.- Chapter 15. Targeting epigenetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. ​

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Book SynopsisTuberculosis is among the top 10 causes of death worldwide.The WHO clearly proposed that drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the three major challenge in tuberculosis prevention and control .The book consists of detection of drug-resistant TB and its epidemics, laboratory examination for drug-resistant tubercle bacillus, pathogenic mechanism of drug-resistant TB and its diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis of drug-resistant pulmonary TB. This book also focuses on the information of classic cases of drug-resistant TB, including mono-drug-resistant (including Rifampicin resistance, etc.), multidrug-resistant, poly-drug-resistant, extensive-drug-resistant (pre-extensive-drug-resistant), drug-resistant bronchial TB, and pediatric drug-resistant, as well as AIDS complicated with drug-resistant TB, and diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant cervical TB lymphadenitis. The book also provided a comprehensive description and in-depth analysis for each selec

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Ultrasound is the most reliable, easily available, fast, non-invasive technique to study diaphragm function, and is an irreplaceable tool to diagnose, monitor, and follow -up critical respiratory patients. This essential guide analyses every aspect of ultrasound of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles, a reliable assessment whose function is vital to delivering the most suitable treatment. Ultrasound of the Diaphragm and the Respiratory Muscles also provides insight to diagnosing diaphragmatic dysfunction or paralysis following surgery or neuromuscular diseases, to follow the muscular activity and the time-course of atrophy during mechanical ventilation, and to monitor the weaning phase. It is ideal for professionals and trainees practicing ultrasound in a clinical setting.Key Features Sets the standard for training and competency of this emerging, yet scientifically approved non-invasive technique of ultrasound with all the essential in

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Book SynopsisAsthma can be caused and aggravated by occupational factors in working adults. Agents that are responsible for occupational asthma are either sensitizers or irritants. Prevention is important to reduce the impact of the disease. This new edition of Asthma in the Workplace focuses on recent developments that are reflected by an impressive addition to the scientific literature. This fifth edition retains key elements that have made the success of previous editions: worldwide contributors, variety of topics covered, presentation of key aspects using workplace scenarios and case histories. This new comprehensive edition is intended to be of interest for health professionals, researchers, students, practitioners and various professionals involved in the assessment and management of workers exposed to occupational factors that may cause or exacerbate asthma. Key Features Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of work-related asthma, includinTable of ContentsTable of Contents Part I : Introduction 1. Definition and classification of asthma in the workplace 2. Historical aspects of occupational asthma 3. Disease occurrence and risk factors 4. Mechanisms, genetics, and pathophysiology Part II : Assessment 5. Assessment of the worker 6. Assessment of the workplace 7. Immunological and inflammatory assessments 8. Functional assessment Part III : Management 9. Management of the worker 10. Prevention 11A. Impairment and disability evaluations: I. Psychosocial, economic, and medicolegal aspects 11B. Impairment and disability evaluation: II. Various legislations Part IV : Specific agents causing immunological occupational asthma 12. Occupational asthma in the baking industry 13. Asthma and allergy to animals, fish and shellfish 14. Polyisocyanates and their prepolymers 15. Western red cedar and other wood dusts 16. Metals 17. Cleaning agents 18. Various high- and low-molecular weight agents Part V : Specific disease entities and variants 19. Irritant-induced asthma and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome 20. Asthma exacerbated at work 21. Eosinophilic bronchitis 22. Occupational rhinitis 23. Airway diseases due to organic dust exposure 24. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis and organic dust toxic syndrome 25. Chronic obstructive airway disease due to occupational exposure 26. Building-related illnesses and mold-related conditions 27. Occupational urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis

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Book SynopsisThis easy yet comprehensive reference guide covers the mechanisms of respiratory diseases, explaining the main respiratory conditions for clinicians and postgraduate trainees. It discusses their aetiology as well as the basic concepts required to effectively evaluate and treat them. Applied Respiratory Pathophysiology is the first book to bring together detailed, clinically-relevant explanation of respiratory physiological processes and pathophysiological processes in one text. It is essential reading for anyone diagnosing and treating specific clinical conditions of the lungs.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1. EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE LUNGCHAPTER 2. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMCHAPTER 3. LABORATORY TECHNIQUES TO STUDY THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PROCESSES OF DISORDERSCHAPTER 4. ACUTE RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCYCHAPTER 5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ASTHMACHAPTER 6. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASECHAPTER 7. PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASES CHAPTER 8. RESPIRATORY INFECTIONSCHAPTER 9. SLEEPING RESPIRATORY DISEASESCHAPTER 10. INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASESCHAPTER 11. LUNG CANCERCHAPTER 12. OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISEASESCHAPTER 13. DISEASES OF THE PLEURACHAPTER 14. CYSTIC FIBROSISCHAPTER 15. BRONCHIECTASIS

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Organisms need to be able to maintain nearly constant internal environments in order to survive, grow and function effectively and efficiently. By maintaining homeostasis, humans remain healthy, strong and protected from the invasion of foreign organisms, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. This practical pocket guide covers: the anatomy and physiology of cardiovascular system vital signs recognition of common arrhythmias and important skills for cardiovascular health cannulation and venepuncture the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system skills related to addressing respiratory problems.This competency-based text covers relevant key concepts, anatomy and physiology, lifespan matters, assessment and nursing skills. To support your learning, it also includes learning outcomes, concept map summaries, activities, questions and scenarios with sample answers and critical reflection thinking points.Quick and easy to reference, this shor

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Book Synopsis Complete Guide to Respiratory Care in Athletes introduces the respiratory system and its function during exercise. It considers the main respiratory conditions affecting athletes and delivers practical advice for the management of respiratory issues in athletic populations.With contributions from leading international experts, the book discusses fundamental scientific principles and provides pragmatic hands-on' clinical guidance to enable practical application. Each chapter includes useful pedagogical features such as case studies and guides for carrying out assessments. The book covers wide a range of topics, including: respiratory system function during exercise impact of the environment on the upper and lower airways asthma related issues in athletes allergic rhinitis in athletes exercise induced laryngeal obstruction exercise induced dysfunctional breathing paterns respiratory muscle traiTable of Contents1. The Respiratory System and Exercise 2. Respiratory Limitations to Exercise 3. The Environment and Its Impact on Respiratory Health 4. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes 5. Diagnosis of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction 6. Pharmacological Treatment of Asthma Related Issues in Athletes 7. Non-Pharmacological Management of Asthma Related Issues in Athletes 8. Nasal Problems in the Athlete 9. Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction 10. Dealing with Respiratory Infection in Athletes 11. Breathing Pattern Disorders in Athletes 12. Role of Respiratory Muscle Training to Treat Exercise Respiratory Symptoms 13. Epilogue: Optimising Care for Respiratory issues in Athletes

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Book SynopsisThe definitive guide to the use of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients â now in full color and updated to reflect the latest advancesA Doody's Core Title for 2022!Principles & Practice of Mechanical Ventilation, 3e provides comprehensive, authoritative coverage of all the clinical, pharmacological, and technical issues surrounding the use of mechanical ventilation.Editor Martin J. Tobin â past editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine â has enlisted more than 100 authors, all of whom are at the forefront of research in their chosen subfield in order to provide the most authoritative and up-to-date information possible. No other text so thoroughly and comprehensively explores the myriad advances in modes and methodologies that have occurred in this ever-changing field as this cornerstone text.Features:Each chapter has been extensively revisedTable of ContentsPrefaceI HISTORICAL BACKGROUND1. Historical Perspective on the Development of Mechanical VentilationII PHYSICAL BASIS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION2. Classifi cation of Mechanical Ventilators and Modes of Ventilation3. Basic Principles of Ventilator DesignIII INDICATIONS4. Indications for Mechanical VentilationIV CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF VENTILATORY SUPPORT5. Setting the Ventilato6. Assist-Control Ventilation7. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation8. Pressure-Support Ventilation9. Pressure-Controlled and Inverse-Ratio Ventilation10. Positive End-Expiratory PressureV ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF VENTILATOR SUPPORT11. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation12. Proportional-Assist Ventilation13. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist14. Permissive Hypercapnia15. Feedback Enhancements on Conventional Ventilator BreathsVI NONINVASIVE METHODS OF VENTILATOR SUPPORT16. Negative-Pressure Ventilation17. Noninvasive Respiratory Aids: Rocking Bed, Pneumobelt, and Glossopharyngeal Breathing18. Noninvasive Positive-Pressure VentilationVII UNCONVENTIONAL METHODS OF VENTILATOR SUPPORT19. High-Frequency Ventilation20. Extracorporeal Life Support for Cardiopulmonary Failure21. Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal22. Transtracheal Gas Insuffl ation, Transtracheal Oxygen Therapy, Emergency Transtracheal VentilationVIII VENTILATOR SUPPORT IN SPECIFIC SETTINGS23. Mechanical Ventilation in the Neonatal and Pediatric Setting24. Mechanical Ventilation during General Anesthesia25. Independent Lung Ventilation26. Mechanical Ventilation during Resuscitation27. Transport of the Ventilator-Supported Patient28. Home Mechanical Ventilation29. Mechanical Ventilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome30. Mechanical Ventilation for Severe Asthma31. Mechanical Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease32. Mechanical Ventilation in Neuromuscular Disease33. Chronic Ventilator Facilities34. Noninvasive Ventilation on a General WardIX PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION35. Eff ects of Mechanical Ventilation on Control of Breathing36. Eff ect of Mechanical Ventilation on Heart–Lung Interactions37. Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Gas ExchangeX ARTIFICIAL AIRWAYS AND MANAGEMENT38. Airway Management39. Complications of Translaryngeal Intubation40. Care of the Mechanically Ventilated Patient with a TracheotomyXI COMPLICATIONS IN VENTILATOR-SUPPORTED PATIENTS41. Complications Associated with Mechanical Ventilation42. Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury43. Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction44. Barotrauma and Bronchopleural Fistula45. Oxygen Toxicity46. Pneumonia in the Ventilator-Dependent Patient47. Sinus Infections in the Ventilated PatientXII EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF VENTILATOR-SUPPORTED PATIENTS48. Monitoring during Mechanical VentilationXIII MANAGEMENT OF VENTILATOR SUPPORTED PATIENTS49. Prone Positioning in Acute Respiratory Failure50. Pain Control, Sedation, and Neuromuscular Blockade51. Humidification52. Airway Secretions and Suctioning53. Fighting the Ventilator54. Psychological Problems in the Ventilated Patient55. Addressing Respiratory Discomfort in the Ventilated Patient56. Ventilator-Supported Speech57. Sleep in the Ventilator-Supported Patient58. Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation59. ExtubationXIV ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY60. Surfactant61. Nitric Oxide as an Adjunct62. Diaphragmatic Pacing63. Bronchodilator Therapy64. Inhaled Antibiotic Th erapy65. Fluid Management in the Ventilated PatientXV ETHICS AND ECONOMICS66. The Ethics of Withholding and Withdrawing Mechanical Ventilation67. Economics of Ventilator Care 68. Long-Term Outcomes after Mechanical Ventilation

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsI: Foundations of Respiratory Care 1. History of Respiratory Care 2. The Profession of Respiratory Care 3. Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping 4. Principles of Infection Prevention and Control 5. Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice 6. Physical Principles of Respiratory Care 7. E-Medicine in Respiratory Care 8. Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research II: Applied Anatomy and Physiology 9. The Respiratory System 10. The Cardiovascular System 11. Ventilation 12. Gas Exchange and Transport 13. Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes 14. Acid-Base Balance 15. Regulation of Breathing III: Assessment of Respiratory Disorders 16. Bedside Assessment of the Patient 17. Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data 18. Interpreting the Electrocardiogram 19. Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange 20. Pulmonary Function Testing 21. Review of Thoracic Imaging 22. Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist 23. Nutrition Assessment IV: Review of Cardiopulmonary Disease 24. Pulmonary Infections 25. Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, and Related Diseases 26. Interstitial Lung Disease 27. Pleural Diseases 28. Pulmonary Vascular Disease 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 30. Respiratory Management of Trauma, Obesity, Near Drowning, and Burns 31. Heart Failure NEW! 32. Lung Cancer 33. Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall 34. Disorders of Sleep 35. Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders V: Basic Therapeutics 36. Airway Pharmacology 37. Airway Management 38. Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support 39. Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy 40. Aerosol Drug Therapy 41. Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases 42. Medical Gas Therapy 43. Lung Expansion Therapy 44. Airway Clearance Therapy (ACT) VI: Acute and Critical Care 45. Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support 46. Mechanical Ventilators 47. Physiology of Ventilatory Support 48. Patient-Ventilator Interaction 49. Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support 50. Noninvasive Ventilation 51. Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) 52. Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit 53. Discontinuing Ventilatory Support 54. Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care VII: Patient Education and Long-Term Care 55. Patient Education and Health Promotion 56. Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 57. Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings 58. Ethics and End-of-Life Care NEW! Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisA text for gerontology and geriatrics that focuses entirely on respiratory care. It provides a unique insight into the medical and psychosocial problems of the geriatric population. The text covers the various theories of aging and the issues of aging from the sociological perspective.Trade ReviewGerontology:The Study of Aging.Psychosocial Issues.Anatomic and Physiologic Changes in Later Life.Chronic Diseases of the Elderly.Pharmacology.Acute Disease of the Elderly.Long Term Care.The End of Life.Table of ContentsGerontology:The Study of Aging.Psychosocial Issues.Anatomic and Physiologic Changes in Later Life.Chronic Diseases of the Elderly.Pharmacology.Acute Disease of the Elderly.Long Term Care.The End of Life.

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Book SynopsisDrug therapy via inhalation route is at the cutting edge of modern drug delivery research. There has been significant progress on the understanding of drug therapy via inhalation products.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Series Preface xvii Preface xix 1. Lung Anatomy and Physiology and Their Implications for Pulmonary Drug Delivery 1Rahul K. Verma, Mariam Ibrahim, and Lucila Garcia-Contreras 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Lungs 2 1.2.1 Macro- and Microstructure of the Airways and Alveoli as It Pertains to Drug Delivery 2 1.2.2 Lung Surfactant 4 1.2.3 Pulmonary Blood Circulation 5 1.3 Mechanisms of Aerosol Deposition 5 1.3.1 Impaction 6 1.3.2 Sedimentation 6 1.3.3 Interception 6 1.3.4 Diffusion 7 1.4 Drug Absorption 7 1.4.1 Mechanisms of Drug Absorption from the Lungs 7 1.5 Physiological Factors Affecting the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Drugs Delivered by the Pulmonary Route 8 1.5.1 Airway Geometry 8 1.5.2 Inhalation Mode 8 1.5.3 Airflow Rate 9 1.5.4 Mechanism of Particle Clearance 9 1.5.5 Lung Receptors 10 1.5.6 Disease States 11 1.5.7 Effect of Age and Gender Difference 11 1.6 Computer Simulations to Describe Aerosol Deposition in Health and Disease 11 1.6.1 Semiempirical Models 12 1.6.2 Deterministic Models 12 1.6.3 Trumpet Models (One-Dimensional) 12 1.6.4 Stochastic, Asymmetric Generation Models 13 1.6.5 Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Based Model 13 1.7 Conclusions 13 References 14 2. The Role of Functional Lung Imaging in the Improvement of Pulmonary Drug Delivery 19Andreas Fouras and Stephen Dubsky 2.1 Introduction 19 2.1.1 Particle Deposition 20 2.1.2 Regional Action of Delivered Drug 22 2.1.3 The Role of Functional Lung Imaging in Pulmonary Drug Delivery 22 2.2 Established Functional Lung Imaging Technologies 23 2.2.1 Computed Tomography 23 2.2.2 Ventilation Measurement using 4DCT Registration-based Methods 24 2.2.3 Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging 24 2.2.4 Electrical Impedance Tomography 25 2.2.5 Nuclear Medical Imaging (PET/SPECT) 25 2.3 Emerging Technologies 26 2.3.1 Phase-contrast Imaging 26 2.3.2 Grating Interferometry 27 2.3.3 Propagation-based Phase-contrast Imaging 28 2.3.4 Functional Lung Imaging using Phase Contrast 28 2.3.5 Laboratory Propagation-based Phase-contrast Imaging 29 2.4 Conclusion 30 References 31 3. Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery: Recent Advances and Continuing Challenges 35Simone R. Carvalho, Alan B. Watts, Jay I. Peters, and Robert O. Williams III 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Dry Powder Inhaler Devices 37 3.2.1 Overview 37 3.2.2 Recent Innovations in Dry Powder Inhaler Technology 39 3.3 New Developments in DPI Formulations and Delivery 43 3.3.1 Particle Surface Modification 43 3.3.2 Particle Engineering Technology for Pulmonary Delivery 44 3.4 Characterization Methods of Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations 50 3.5 Conclusion 52 References 53 4. Pulmonary Drug Delivery to the Pediatric Population – A State-of-the-Art Review 63Marie-Pierre Flament 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Patient Consideration 64 4.2.1 Anatomy and Physiology of Children’s Lungs 64 4.2.2 Nasal Versus Oral Inhalation 65 4.2.3 Patient-related Factors Influencing Aerosol Deposition 66 4.2.4 Age and Dosage Forms of Choice 67 4.3 Delivery Systems for the Pediatric Population 69 4.3.1 Nebulizers 69 4.3.2 Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers 72 4.3.3 Dry Powder Inhalers 73 4.3.4 Interfaces 74 4.4 Recommendations 80 4.5 Conclusion 82 References 82 5. Formulation Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs 87Nathalie Wauthoz and Karim Amighi 5.1 Introduction 88 5.1.1 In vivo Fate of Inhaled Poorly Water-soluble Drugs 89 5.1.2 The Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Poorly Water-soluble Drugs Administered for Local and Systemic Action 92 5.1.3 Formulation Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs 93 5.2 Co-solvents 93 5.3 Cyclodextrins 97 5.4 PEGylation 99 5.5 Reduction of Size to Micro-/Nanoparticles 100 5.5.1 Nanocrystal Suspension 101 5.5.2 Nanocrystals in a Hydrophilic Matrix System 102 5.5.3 Nanoclusters 103 5.6 Solid Dispersion/Amorphization 103 5.7 Micelles 106 5.8 Liposomes 108 5.9 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers 110 5.10 Conclusion 111 References 114 6. Lipidic Micro- and Nano-Carriers for Pulmonary Drug Delivery – A State-of-the-Art Review 123Yahya Rahimpour, Hamed Hamishehkar, and Ali Nokhodchi 6.1 Introduction 124 6.2 Pulmonary Drug Delivery 125 6.3 Liposomal Pulmonary Delivery 126 6.4 Nebulization of Liposomes 126 6.5 Liposomal Dry-powder Inhalers 128 6.6 Solid Lipid Microparticles in Pulmonary Drug Delivery 129 6.7 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Pulmonary Drug Delivery 131 6.8 Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) in Pulmonary Drug Delivery 133 6.9 Nanoemulsions in Pulmonary Drug Delivery 134 6.10 Conclusion and Perspectives 135 References 136 7. Chemical and Compositional Characterisation of Lactose as a Carrier in Dry Powder Inhalers 143Rim Jawad, Gary P. Martin and Paul G. Royall 7.1 Introduction 144 7.2 Production of Lactose 145 7.3 Lactose: Chemical Forms, Solid-State Composition, Physicochemical Properties 147 7.4 Epimerisation of Lactose 150 7.5 Analysis of Lactose 151 7.5.1 Powder X-ray Diffraction 152 7.5.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 153 7.5.3 Infrared Spectroscopy 156 7.5.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 157 7.5.5 Polarimetry 158 7.6 The Influence of the Chemical and Solid-State Composition of Lactose Carriers on the Aerosolisation of DPI Formulations 159 7.7 Conclusions 163 References 163 8. Particle Engineering for Improved Pulmonary Drug Delivery Through Dry Powder Inhalers 171Waseem Kaialy and Ali Nokhodchi 8.1 Introduction 172 8.2 Dry Powder Inhalers 172 8.3 Particle Engineering to Improve the Performance of DPIs 172 8.3.1 Crystallization 173 8.3.2 Spray-drying 174 8.3.3 Spray-freeze-drying 177 8.3.4 Supercritical Fluid Technology 177 8.3.5 Pressure Swing Granulation (PSG) Technique 178 8.4 Engineered Carrier Particles for Improved Pulmonary Drug Delivery from Dry Powder Inhalers 178 8.5 Relationships between Physical Properties of Engineered Particles and Dry Powder Inhaler Performance 182 8.5.1 Particle Size 182 8.5.2 Flow Properties 184 8.5.3 Particle Shape 185 8.5.4 Particle Surface Texture 187 8.5.5 Fine Particle Additives 188 8.5.6 Surface Area 188 8.6 Conclusions 189 References 189 9. Particle Surface Roughness – Its Characterisation and Impact on Dry Powder Inhaler Performance 199Bernice Mei Jin Tan, Celine Valeria Liew, Lai Wah Chan, and Paul Wan Sia Heng 9.1 Introduction 200 9.2 What is Surface Roughness? 200 9.3 Measurement of Particle Surface Roughness 202 9.3.1 General Factors to Consider During a Measurement 202 9.3.2 Direct Methods to Profile or Visualise Surface Roughness 204 9.3.3 Indirect Measurement of Surface Roughness 206 9.4 Impact of Surface Roughness on Carrier Performance – Theoretical Considerations 206 9.4.1 Mixing and Blend Stability 206 9.4.2 Drug-carrying Capacity 207 9.4.3 Drug Adhesion 207 9.4.4 Drug Detachment 208 9.4.5 Particle Arrangement in Ordered Mixtures After the Addition of Fine Excipient 209 9.5 Particle Surface Modification 210 9.5.1 Spray Drying 210 9.5.2 Solution Phase Processing 211 9.5.3 Crystallisation 213 9.5.4 Sieving 213 9.5.5 Fluid-bed Coating 213 9.5.6 Dry Powder Coating 213 9.6 Conclusion 215 References 215 10. Dissolution: A Critical Performance Characteristic of Inhaled Products? 223Ben Forbes, Nathalie Hauet Richer, and Francesca Buttini 10.1 Introduction 223 10.2 Dissolution of Inhaled Products 224 10.2.1 Dissolution Rate 224 10.2.2 Dissolution in the Lungs 224 10.2.3 Case for Dissolution Testing 225 10.2.4 Design of Dissolution Test Systems 226 10.3 Particle Testing and Dissolution Media 226 10.3.1 Particle Collection 226 10.3.2 Dissolution Media 229 10.4 Dissolution Test Apparatus 230 10.4.1 USP Apparatus 1 (Basket) 231 10.4.2 USP Apparatus 2 (Paddle) and USP Apparatus 5 (Paddle Over Disc) 232 10.4.3 USP Apparatus 4 (Flow-Through Cell) 232 10.4.4 Diffusion-Controlled Cell Systems (Franz Cell, Transwell, Dialysis) 233 10.4.5 Methodological Considerations 234 10.5 Data Analysis and Interpretation 235 10.5.1 Modelling 236 10.5.2 Comparing Dissolution Profiles (Model-independent Method for Comparison) 237 10.6 Conclusions 237 References 238 11. Drug Delivery Strategies for Pulmonary Administration of Antibiotics 241Anna Giulia Balducci, Ruggero Bettini, Paolo Colombo, and Francesca Buttini 11.1 Introduction 242 11.2 Antibiotics Used for the Treatment of Pneumoniae 243 11.3 Antibiotic Products for Inhalation Approved on the Market 244 11.4 Nebulisation 246 11.5 Antibiotic Dry Powders for Inhalation 250 11.5.1 Tobramycin 251 11.5.2 Capreomycin 252 11.5.3 Gentamicin 253 11.5.4 Ciprofloxacin 254 11.5.5 Levofloxacin 255 11.5.6 Colistimethate Sodium 256 11.6 Device and Payload of Dose 256 11.7 Conclusions 258 References 258 12. Molecular Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer: Challenges and Promises 263Jaleh Barar, Yadollah Omidi, and Mark Gumbleton 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 An Overview on Lung Cancer 266 12.3 Molecular Features of Lung Cancer 268 12.3.1 Tumor Microenvironment (TME) 269 12.3.2 Tumor Angiogenesis 269 12.3.3 Tumor Stromal Components 270 12.3.4 Pharmacogenetic Markers: Cytochrome P450 270 12.4 Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors: How and What to Target? 271 12.4.1 EPR Effect: A Rational Approach for Passive Targeting 272 12.4.2 Toward Long Circulating Anticancer Nanomedicines 273 12.4.3 Active/Direct Targeting 273 12.4.4 Overcoming Multidrug Resistance (MDR) 273 12.4.5 Antibody-Mediated Targeting 274 12.4.6 Aptamer-Mediated Targeted Therapy 276 12.4.7 Folate Receptor-Mediated Targeted Therapy 276 12.4.8 Transferrin-Mediated Targeted Therapy 276 12.4.9 Targeted Photodynamic Therapy 277 12.4.10 Multimodal Theranostics and Nanomedicines 278 12.5 Final Remarks 278 References 279 13. Defining and Controlling Blend Evolution in Inhalation Powder Formulations using a Novel Colourimetric Method 285David Barling, David Morton, and Karen Hapgood 13.1 Introduction 286 13.1.1 Introduction to Blend Pigmentation 287 13.1.2 Previous Work in the Use of Coloured Tracers to Assess Powder Blending 288 13.1.3 Colour Tracer Properties and Approach to Blend Analysis 288 13.2 Uses and Validation 290 13.2.1 Assessment of Mixer Characteristics and Mixer Behaviour 290 13.2.2 Quantification of Content Uniformity and Energy Input 293 13.2.3 Detection and Quantification of Unintentional Milling during Mixing 295 13.2.4 Robustness of Method with Tracer Concentration 295 13.3 Comments on the Applied Suitability and Robustness in of the Tracer Method 296 13.4 Conclusions 297 Acknowledgements 297 References 297 14. Polymer-based Delivery Systems for the Pulmonary Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 301Nitesh K. Kunda, Iman M. Alfagih, Imran Y. Saleem, and Gillian A. Hutcheon 14.1 Introduction 302 14.2 Pulmonary Delivery of Macromolecules 302 14.3 Polymeric Delivery Systems 303 14.3.1 Micelles 304 14.3.2 Dendrimers 305 14.3.3 Particles 305 14.4 Preparation of Polymeric Nano/microparticles 305 14.4.1 Emulsification Solvent Evaporation 306 14.4.2 Emulsification Solvent Diffusion 307 14.4.3 Salting Out 307 14.5 Formulation of Nanoparticles as Dry Powders 308 14.5.1 Freeze-drying 308 14.5.2 Spray-drying 309 14.5.3 Spray-freeze-drying 309 14.5.4 Supercritical Fluid Drying 310 14.6 Carrier Properties 310 14.6.1 Size 310 14.6.2 Morphology 311 14.6.3 Surface Properties 311 14.7 Toxicity of Polymeric Delivery Systems 311 14.8 Pulmonary Delivery of Polymeric Particles 312 14.9 Conclusions 313 References 313 15. Quality by Design: Concept for Product Development of Dry-powder Inhalers 321Al Sayyed Sallam, Sami Nazzal, Hatim S. AlKhatib, and Nabil Darwazeh 15.1 Introduction 322 15.2 Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) 324 15.3 Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) 324 15.4 Quality Risk Management 325 15.5 Design of Experiments 326 15.6 Design Space 328 15.7 Control Strategies 328 15.8 Continual Improvement 329 15.9 Process Analytical Technology/Application in DPI 329 15.10 Particle Size 329 15.11 Crystallinity and Polymorphism 330 15.12 Scale-up and Blend Homogeneity 331 15.13 Applying of QbD Principles to Analytical Methods 331 15.14 Conclusion 332 References 332 16. Future Patient Requirements on Inhalation Devices: The Balance between Patient, Commercial, Regulatory and Technical Requirements 339Orest Lastow 16.1 Introduction 340 16.1.1 Inhaled Drug Delivery 340 16.1.2 Patients 340 16.2 Requirements 341 16.2.1 Patient Requirements 341 16.2.2 Technical Requirements 343 16.2.3 Performance Requirements 345 16.3 Requirement Specifications 346 16.3.1 Requirement Hierarchy 346 16.3.2 Developing the Requirements 347 16.4 Product Development 350 16.5 Conclusions 351 References 352 Index 353

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Book SynopsisProvides a review of novel pharmaceutical approaches for Tuberculosis drugs Presents a novel perspective on tuberculosis prevention and treatment Considers the nature of disease, immunological responses, vaccine and drug delivery, disposition and response Multidisciplinary appeal, with contributions from microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, chemical and mechanical engineering Table of ContentsList of Contributors xvi Foreword xviii Series Preface xxi Preface xxiii 1 Introduction: A Guide to Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis Based on Principles of Dosage Form Design and Delivery 1A.J. Hickey 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Dosage Form Classification 3 1.3 Controlled and Targeted Delivery 5 1.4 Physiological and Disease Considerations 6 1.5 Therapeutic Considerations 7 1.6 Conclusion 8 References 8 Section 1 Pathogen and Host 11 2 Host Pathogen Biology for Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Cellular and Molecular Events in the Lung 13Eusondia Arnett, Nitya Krishnan, Brian D. Robertson and Larry S. Schlesinger 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Lung 14 2.3 General Aspects of Mucus and Surfactant 17 2.4 General M. tuberculosis 18 2.5 M. tuberculosis Interaction with the Lung Macrophage 19 2.6 M. tuberculosis Interaction with other Respiratory Immune Cells 23 2.7 TB Granuloma 29 2.8 Conclusion 30 References 30 3 Animal Models of Tuberculosis 48David N. McMurray 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 What is an Animal Model of TB? 49 3.3 How are Animal Models of TB Used? 50 3.4 TB Animal Models Currently Used for TB Drug and Vaccine Evaluation 51 3.5 Summary 58 References 59 Section 2 Immunological Intervention 67 4 Vaccine Preparation: Past, Present, and Future 69Dominique N. Price, Nitesh K. Kunda, Amber A. McBride and Pavan Muttil 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Early Efforts in TB Vaccine Development 71 4.3 Current BCG Vaccine Formulation 73 4.4 Novel TB Vaccination Strategies 76 4.5 Future Perspective 84 4.6 Conclusions 85 References 85 5 TB Vaccine Assessment 91Andre G. Loxton, Mary K. Hondalus and Samantha L. Sampson 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Preclinical Vaccine Assessment 92 5.3 Clinical Assessment of Vaccines 97 5.4 Laboratory Immunological Analysis and Assessment of Vaccine Trials 102 5.5 How well do the Available Preclinical Models Predict Vaccine Success in Humans? 103 References 105 Section 3 Drug Treatment 111 6 Testing Inhaled Drug Therapies for Treating Tuberculosis 113Ellen F. Young, Anthony J. Hickey and Miriam Braunstein 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 The Need for New Drug Treatments for Tuberculosis 114 6.3 Inhaled Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis 114 6.4 Published Studies of Inhalation Therapy for TB 115 6.5 The Guinea Pig Model for Testing Inhaled Therapies for TB 116 6.6 Guinea Pig Study Design 117 6.7 Purchase and Grouping Animals 118 6.8 Infecting Guinea Pigs with Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis 118 6.9 Dosing Groups of Guinea Pigs with TB Drugs 119 6.10 Collecting Data 121 6.11 Aerosol Dosing Chambers and Practice 122 6.12 Nebulizer Aerosol Delivery Systems for Liquids 123 6.13 Dry-Powder Aerosol Delivery Systems for Solids 125 6.14 Summary 127 Acknowledgements 127 References 127 7 Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Antitubercular Drugs 131Mariam Ibrahim and Lucila Garcia-Contreras 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Factors Influencing the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Drugs 132 7.3 Pulmonary Delivery of Anti-TB Drugs 138 7.4 Pharmacokinetic Study Design 140 7.5 Implications of PK Parameters on Efficacy 144 7.6 Case Studies (Drugs Administered by Conventional and Pulmonary Routes) 146 References 152 8 Drug Particle Manufacture – Supercritical Fluid, High-Pressure Homogenization 156Kimiko Makino and Hiroshi Terada 8.1 Introduction 156 8.2 Preparation of Nano- and Micro-particles 157 References 159 9 Spray Drying Strategies to Stop Tuberculosis 161Jennifer Wong, Maurizio Ricci and Hak-Kim Chan 9.1 Introduction 161 9.2 Overview of Spray Drying 162 9.3 Advances in Spray Drying Technology 174 9.4 Anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutics Produced by Spray Drying 179 9.5 Conclusion 187 9.6 Acknowledgements 187 References 187 10 Formulation Strategies for Antitubercular Drugs by Inhalation 197Francesca Buttini and Gaia Colombo 10.1 Introduction 197 10.2 Lung Delivery of TB Drugs 198 10.3 Powders for Inhalation and Liquids for Nebulization 200 10.4 Antibacterial Powders for Inhalation: Manufacturing of Respirable Microparticles 202 10.5 Antibacterial Powders for Inhalation: Devices and Delivery Strategies 208 10.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 211 References 211 11 Inhaled Drug Combinations 213Sanketkumar Pandya, Anuradha Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, Madhur Sachan, Atul Kumar Agrawal and Amit Misra 11.1 Introduction 213 11.2 Standard Combinations in Oral and Parenteral Regimens 214 11.3 The Rationale for Inhaled Therapies of TB 216 11.4 Combinations of Anti-TB Drugs with Other Agents 222 11.5 Formulation of Inhaled Drug Combinations 224 11.6 Conclusions 230 References 230 12 Ion Pairing for Controlling Drug Delivery 239Stefano Giovagnoli, Aurélie Schoubben and Carlo Rossi 12.1 Introduction 239 12.2 Ion Pairing Definitions and Concepts 240 12.3 Ion Pairs, Complexes and Drug Delivery 245 12.4 Remarks 252 References 254 13 Understanding the Respiratory Delivery of High Dose Anti-Tubercular Drugs 258Shyamal C. Das and Peter J. Stewart 13.1 Introduction 258 13.2 Tuberculosis 259 13.3 Drugs Used to Treat Tuberculosis, Doses, Challenges and Requirements for Therapy in Lungs 260 13.4 Approaches for Respiratory Delivery of Drugs 262 13.5 Current DPI Formulations and Their Mechanisms of Aerosolization 262 13.6 DPI Formulations for Tuberculosis and Requirements 264 13.7 Issues to Consider in Respiratory Delivery of Powders for Tuberculosis 264 13.8 Relationship between De-agglomeration and Tensile Strength 266 13.9 Strategies to Improve De-agglomeration 268 13.10 DPI Formulations having High Aerosolization 269 13.11 Devices for High Dose Delivery 270 13.12 Future Considerations 271 References 272 Section 4 Alternative Approaches 275 14 Respirable Bacteriophage Aerosols for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis 277Graham F. Hatfull and Reinhard Vehring 14.1 Introduction 277 14.2 Treatment or Prevention of Tuberculosis Using Phage-based Agents 282 14.3 Selection of Mycobacteriophages 284 14.4 Respiratory Drug Delivery of Phages 285 14.5 Summary and Outlook 288 Acknowledgements 288 References 288 15 RNA Nanoparticles as Potential Vaccines 293Robert DeLong 15.1 Introduction 293 15.2 Nanoparticles 293 15.3 RNA Nanoparticle Vaccines 294 15.4 Progression of Nanomedicines into the Clinic 295 15.5 The Stability Problem 295 15.6 The Delivery Problem 298 15.7 RNA as Targeting Agent or Adjuvant? 298 15.8 Challenges for RNA Nanoparticle Vaccine Characterization 300 15.9 On the Horizon 301 References 301 16 Local Pulmonary Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis via Aerosol Delivery 307Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero 16.1 Introduction 307 16.2 Lung Immunity to Pulmonary M. tuberculosis Infection 309 16.3 Host-Directed Therapies 313 16.4 Limitations of Preclinical Studies to Develop Inhalational Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis 317 16.5 Preclinical Testing of Inhaled Small Interference RNA as Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 Section 5 Future Opportunities 325 17 Treatments for Mycobacterial Persistence and Biofilm Growth 327David L. Hava and Jean C. Sung 17.1 Introduction 327 17.2 Mycobacterial Persistence and Drug Tolerance 328 17.3 Mycobacterial Multicellular Growth 329 17.4 Mycobacterial Lipids Involved in Biofilm Formation 330 17.5 Therapies to Treat Mycobacterial Biofilms and Persistence 332 17.6 Conclusion 339 References 339 18 Directed Intervention and Immunomodulation against Pulmonary Tuberculosis 346Dominique N. Price and Pavan Muttil 18.1 Introduction 346 18.2 TB Immunology 347 18.3 Animal Models of Immunotherapies and Vaccines for TB 351 18.4 The Current TB Vaccine – Bacille Calmette Guérin 353 18.5 Other Vaccines Platforms 357 18.6 Pulmonary Immunization 361 18.7 Immunotherapeutic Agents against TB 364 18.8 Conclusion 367 References 367 Section 6 Clinical Perspective 379 19 Clinical and Public Health Perspectives 381Ruvandhi R. Nathavitharana and Edward A. Nardell 19.1 Introduction 381 19.2 Background 382 19.3 Clinical Considerations 382 19.4 Public Health Considerations 385 19.5 Inhaled Drugs and Other Alternative Delivery Systems 387 19.6 Clinical Trials of Inhaled Injectable Drugs 388 19.7 Other Novel Delivery Strategies 393 19.8 Pediatric Delivery Systems 393 19.9 Conclusion 394 References 394 20 Concluding Remarks: Prospects and Challenges for Advancing New Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems into Clinical Application 400P. Bernard Fourie and Richard Hafner 20.1 Introduction 400 20.2 Progress in the Formulation and Manufacturing of Drugs and Vaccines for Tuberculosis 401 20.3 Considerations in the Development of TB Drug and Vaccine Delivery Options 404 20.4 Concluding Remarks 410 References 411 Index 415

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis loving book comes from the heart of love of a daring explorer of the mysteries of the body. Open anywhere and be reminded how delicious it can be to simply take a breath. - Lorin Roche, Ph.D., author of The Radiance Sutras: 112 Gateways to the Yoga of Wonder and Delight and Meditation Made EasyIf I had to choose among the many books on breath and breathing, The Breathable Body is without question the one I would choose. While clarifying the anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and mechanics of breathing, Litman shows how breathing is a whole-body phenomenon of our dynamic, fluid organism. His depth and breadth of knowledge are present in each explanation and exploration, and if you are one of the millions suffering from a breathing, sleep, or anxiety disorder, chances are the information you need is in this book. - Don St John, Ph.D., author of Healing the Wounds of Childhood and Culture: An Adventure of a LifetimeRobert Litman shows how you can change your health, your mood, and your connection to all of life by changing how you breathe. Whether you struggle with breathing, need effective strategies for self-regulation, or want to more fully enjoy the pleasures of being alive, this book will provide insight and solutions to some surprisingly common health conditions. The Breathable Body is an essential tool for good health! - Sharon Weil, Registered Somatic Movement Educator, author of ChangeAbility: How Artists, Activists and Awakeners Navigate ChangeLitman draws on more than three decades of experience working with clients to bring together a resource accessible to everyone. What sets The Breathable Bodyapart is the connection it highlights between body and breath, and how breathing and movement are linked. Your doctor may not have told you about the benefits of breathing re-education. The Breathable Body does just that! If you breathe, this book is for you. - Patrick McKeown, Director of Education and Training at Buteyko Clinic International and author of The Oxygen AdvantageRobert provides a well-crafted paeon to the sacred and healing act of breathing; it is anatomy as poetry, required reading for anyone interested in the healing aspects of conscious breathing. - Karen M Gardner, PhD in Information Science, UC BerkeleyCombining memoir, breathing therapy, and inquiry into the dynamic movement of body and mind, The Breathable Body offers deep insights and practical instructions on every page. This is a highly relatable book you’ll return to again and again for sagely advice. - Matteo Pistono, author of Meditation: Coming to Know Your Mind and In the Shadow of the BuddhaRobert delivers a message in The Breathable Body that has the potential to not only improve your health but also enhance the quality of your life. He has managed to bridge the gap between cognitive understanding of the scientific knowledge of breathing processes while guiding his readers into an immediate somatic participation with the material. This book offers a transmission of intimate presence with oneself and a reminder that the sacred resides in the present moment. - Gael Rosewood, Continuum teacher, certified Rolfer, and CE teacher and mentor for both modalitiesConscious breathing has become a psychospiritual and energy-medicine meme, popularized in bodywork, yoga, and meditation circles to a degree that makes breathing so hyperconsciously conscious that it becomes even more unconscious. It takes a breath practitioner who has been through its many layers of morphogenesis, phenomenology, dynamic function, micromovement, and personal unlayering to teach you how to make your breathing more endurably conscious. Robert Litman is a true breath healer, explorer, and teacher. - Richard Grossinger, author of Bottoming Out the Universe and Dreamtimes and ThoughtformsRobert draws you into the world of breath like nothing I've read before! Whether you are looking for help for an ailment or want to enrich your life through breath, this book—steeped with rich resources to expand and explore breathing—is for you. - Bobbie Ellis, Continuum teacher and 500+ Experienced Registered Yoga TeacherRobert Litman takes us on a psychological journey, leading us through his own history with breathing and the metaphor for life that it has come to hold for him. Based on his hard-won wisdom, he guides us in practical ways that have helped so many—how to bring conscious breathing meaningfully into our lives. - Peter M. Litchfield, President, Graduate School of Behavioral Health Sciences, lecturer in respiratory psychophysiology, self-regulation science, and many other subjectsBreath spirals, listens, touches us on the inside, responds to kindness, tenderness, compassion, and gentleness, whispering its wildness into us. Others teach the science of breath, measuring and counting. Robert transmits the art and flow, letting breath lead us into the unknown. The Breathable Body offers a glimpse into the author’s love affair with breath, a quiet transmission into the most profound relationship we have. What a treasure this book is! - Roxanne Rhodes, Certified Yoga Instructor, Trager practitioner, and massage therapist

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Book SynopsisA book on Basic Clincial Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care.Table of ContentsTOCS not yet available

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