Research methods / methodology Books

Book SynopsisDo you want to learn R? This book is built on the premise that anyone with a bit of free time and a healthy curiosity can learn to use R in their studies or at work. The authors focus on using R to do useful things like writing reports, creating data and graphs, accessing datasets collected by others, preparing data, and conducting simple data analysis. In this book you’ll learn how to: install R and RStudio®, and set up an RStudio® project and folders; write an essay with graphs based on simple real-world data using R Markdown; create variables from everyday numeric information and visualize data through ­five types of charts—bar plot, histogram, pie chart, scatter plot, and time series line plot—to identify patterns in the data; write and run R programs, and prepare your data following the tidyverse approach; import external datasets into R, install R data packages, and carry out initial data validity checks; conduct exploratory data analysis through three exercises involving data on voting outcomes, natural resource consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP) via data visualization, correlation coeffi­cient, and simple regression; and write a research paper on the impact of GDP per capita on life expectancy using R Markdown. Student-friendly language and examples (such as binge-watched shows on Netflix, and the top 5 songs on Spotify), cumulative learning, and practice exercises make this a must-have guide for a variety of courses where data are used and reports need to be written. Code and datasets used to carry out the examples in the book are available on an accompanying website.Table of ContentsPreface Why Should You Learn R Too? Who Should Read This Book? What Does This Book Hope to Achieve? What Is in This Book? How Can You Use It? What Is Unique About This Book? Acknowledgments About the Authors CHAPTER 1 • Making Preparations: Software Installation and Project Setup 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How to Download and Install R for Windows 1.3 How to Download and Install R for Mac 1.4 Downloading and Installing RStudio 1.5 Setting Up a Project in RStudio 1.6 Creating Folders Under a Project 1.7 Summary 1.8 References CHAPTER 2 • Writing Your Essay Using R Markdown: Something for Everyone 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Pros of Using R Markdown 2.3 How to Create an R Markdown File 2.4 How to Write and Format Text in R Markdown 2.5 A Simple Example of an R Markdown Document 2.6 Other Useful Formatting Tricks 2.7 How to Use R Markdown for a Writing Assignment: A Bare-Bones Example 2.8 How to Revise and Improve Your Bare-Bones Essay 2.9 For More Ambitious Readers 2.10 Exercise: Turning Knowledge Into Results 2.11 Summary 2.12 References CHAPTER 3 • Creating Data and Graphs in Your Essays 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bar Plot I: Graphing the Winners of a Hot Dog Eating Contest 3.3 Bar Plot II: Graphing Winning Lottery Numbers in Texas Pick-3 3.4 Pie Chart: Graphing the Composition of Daily Plays Among Top 5 Songs on Spotify 3.5 Histogram: Graphing the Distribution of LSAT Scores in a Review Class 3.6 Scatter Plot: Graphing the Relationship Between Two Variables— Gas Mileages in the City and on the Highway 3.7 Time Series Plot: Graphing the Changing Pattern of YouTube Video Views 3.8 Useful Tips: Polishing and Exporting Graphs 3.9 Summary 3.10 References CHAPTER 4 • Preparing Your Data 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Writing and Running a Program in R 4.3 Creating Variables and Forming a Dataset 4.4 Manipulating Data Using the dplyr Package 4.5 Chaining Different Data Manipulation Operations: pipe (%>%) 4.6 Missing Values in R: NA 4.7 Summary 4.8 References CHAPTER 5 • Accessing Datasets 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Setting Up an RStudio Project 5.3 Downloading a Dataset 5.4 Installing R Packages for Data Importing 5.5 Importing a Downloaded Dataset in RStudio 5.6 Using R Data Packages: A Simple Example With gapminder 5.7 Using R Data Packages: A More Advanced Example With wbstats 5.8 Using R Data Packages: Finding More R Data Packages 5.9 Where Can You Find More Data? 5.10 Summary 5.11 References CHAPTER 6 • Exploratory Data Analysis: Three Exercises 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Exercise 1: Reporting Results of the 2016 Presidential Primary in King County, Washington 6.3 Exercise 2: Human Use of Natural Resources: Consumption and Biocapacity 6.4 Exercise 3: Exploring the Impact of GDP per Capita on Life Expectancy 6.5 Summary 6.6 References CHAPTER 7 • Writing Your Research Paper Using R: Analyzing the Effect of Economic Development on Life Expectancy

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Book SynopsisThe use of mixed methods designs for conducting research has become a major trend in social science research. Renowned methodological experts Janice Morse and Linda Niehaus present a guide to intermediate and experienced researchers on the possibilities inherent in mixed method research. They offer the basic principles of conducting this kind of study, then examine a wide variety of design options available to the researcher, including their strengths and weaknesses and when to use them. Providing examples from a variety of disciplines, examining potential threats to validity, and showing the relationship between method and theory, the book will be a valuable addition to the methodologist’s library and a useful text in courses in research design.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Mixed Method Design: Who Needs It?; Chapter 2 The Nuts and Bolts of Mixed Method Design; Chapter 3 Theoretical Drive; Chapter 4 Pacing the Components; Chapter 5 The Point of Interface; Chapter 6 Sampling for Mixed Method Designs; Chapter 7 Planning a Mixed Method Project; Chapter 8 Qualitatively-Driven Mixed Method Designs; Chapter 9 Quantitatively-Driven Mixed Method Designs; Chapter 10 Complex Mixed and Multiple Method Designs;

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Book SynopsisThis volume considers the challenges and opportunities of online literature classes and gives instructors tools to ensure students are engaged in the virtual classroom. The ideas shared here are grounded in research, practice, critical self-reflection, and collaboration. Reflecting a diverse collection of practical tips and experiences from colleagues teaching at a variety of institutions, the essays offer readers the chance to inhabit others' classrooms. Contributors discuss building an interactive and inclusive classroom and using hypertext, video lectures, and other asynchronous and synchronous tools in classes whose subjects include, among others, Shakespeare, the Chinese novel, early American literature, speculative fiction, and contemporary American poetry.Trade ReviewAn excellent collection of essays offering a wealth of thoughtful reflections and practical advice." —Glenda Hudson, California State University, Bakersfield

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Book SynopsisResearch Methods in Special Education equips readers with the knowledge needed to make a difference with data. Authors Drs. Brittany L. Hott, Frederick J. Brigham, and Corey Peltier provide access to cutting edge methodologies and related skills researchers need to successfully carry out projects in applied settings. Dedicated chapters focusing on quantitative research synthesis (e.g., meta-analysis, meta-synthesis), single case design, and program evaluation methods allow readers deeply invested in the field of special education to develop a firm foundation, enabling them to ask and answer their socially significant research questions.Written for students in special education teacher prep programs, early career faculty, school administrators, and curriculum specialists, this text includes numerous features that set it apart from other available resources: Dedicated chapters on ethics, establishing effective research partnerships, and evidence-based practice. Cutting-edge program evaluation methods and reporting. Comprehensive coverage of methods commonly used in special education. Detailed information on securing special education funding. Case studies, exemplars, resources, and recommendations for additional reading. Faculty materials including practice problems and activities available at www.efacultylounge.com YouTube videos featuring interviews with authors. The up-to-date research practices in this text are a valuable addition for educators and researchers serving students with disabilities who have a responsibility to support in-school and post-school outcomes. Research Methods in Special Education gives educators the tools to facilitate a deeper understanding of the research process and evidence-based practice.Table of Contents Dedication Acknowledgments About the Authors Contributing Authors Preface Chapter 1 Evidence-Based Practice in Special Education:Constructing an Operational Definition With contributions from Tracy E. Sinclair, PhD, BCBA, LBA Chapter 2Introduction to Special Education Research With contributions from Andrew R. Scheef, PhD;Aleksandra Hollingshead, EdD;and Rachel N. Freedman, MA, MS, BCBA, LABA Chapter 3 Conducting Research in Applied Settings:Practical Strategies for Forming Effective Partnerships With contributions from Reesha Adamson, PhD; Felicity Post, EdD;and Jessica Nelson, EdD, BCBA, LBA Chapter 4Ethical Considerations in Special Education Research With contributions from R. Nicolle Carr, PhD, BCBA-D Chapter 5 Identifying, Locating, and Evaluating Educational Research With contributions from Kathleen M. Randolph, EdD, BCBA-D;Beth A. Jones, PhD; and Lynn E. Gates, MLIS Chapter 6 Systematic Literature Reviews With contributions from John William McKenna, PhD Chapter 7 Correlational Designs With contributions from Sharon Sullivan, PhD Chapter 8 Experimental Designs With contributions from Wilhelmina van Dijk, PhD Chapter 9 Quasi-Experimental Designs Jason C. Chow, PhD Chapter 10 Single Case Research Designs With contributions from Art Dowdy, PhD, BCBA-D and Joshua Jessel, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA Chapter 11 Survey Research With contributions from Nathan A. Stevenson, PhDand Andrew L. Wiley, PhD Chapter 12 Qualitative Research With contributions from Delia E. Racines, PhD Chapter 13 Mixed-Methods Research With contributions from Melissa C. Jenkins, PhD Chapter 14 Program Evaluation With contributions from Maeghan N. Hennessey, PhD;Jason P. Herron, PhD; and Reginald B. Snoddy, MS Chapter 15 Translating Special Education Research to Practice With contributions from Maria B. Peterson-Ahmad, PhD;Randa Keeley, PhD; and Kimberly Floyd, PhD Financial Disclosures Index

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Book Synopsis The Royal Institution has been at the forefront of scientific innovation, discovery and communication since its founding in 1799. Illustrious figures associated with the Royal Institution include Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday and Ernest Rutherford. In this latest addition to Scala's Director's Choice series, Katherine Mathieson shares some of her favourite aspects of the Royal Institution, including Faraday's laboratory, books, pictures and objects. From its Grade 1-listed building in central London, the Royal Institution connects the public with scientists through talks, events and activities for people of all ages and backgrounds, including the famous Christmas Lectures. Founded by Michael Faraday, these lectures were an exciting new way of presenting science to young people and they continue today. This enjoyable, richly illustrated guide unlocks hidden histories of the Royal Institution and reveals how science transforms our lives.

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Book SynopsisThis book asks what it takes for people to encounter one another ethically when practices, worldviews and imaginations clash. It engages over 40 contributors across geographies, disciplines, art forms and practices in a conversation that touches on topics ranging from the climate catastrophe to the disintegration of the welfare state and the erasure of certain bodies from public spaces. It is concerned with how these big' questions play out in small' everyday encounters in classrooms, rehearsal rooms, arts projects, charity events or city markets. The book's polyphonic text does not present answers to its central questions in the way a typical research publication might do. Instead, it creates a flow and invites the reader to join a conversation. By refusing to deliver an argument, the book opens new possibilities for relating to others in the academy and arts.This book is open access under a CC BY ND licence.

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Book SynopsisThe correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analysing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. SAS® is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic institutions. This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book: - Covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols - Is presented as a how-to guide with many examples - Includes freely downloadable data sets - Examines key topics such as merging data frames, multivariate analysis and linear regression Authored by an experienced teacher of applied plant science statistics, this book assumes no prior background in statistics and guides users through the appropriate methodologies in research. It is an invaluable tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers, extension consultants, faculty and technicians.Table of Contents1: Introduction to Plant Science Research and Experimentation 2: An Introduction to SAS® OnDemand for Academics 3: A Review of Basic Statistics and Terms 4: Plant Science Research and Some Basic Experimental Design Principles 5: Variation and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 6: The Completely Random Design 7: Factorials 8: Contrasts 9: Linear Regression 10: Regression Diagnostics 11: Mean Separation Techniques 12: The Randomized Complete Block Design 13: The Latin Square Design 14: The Split-plot Design and variations (split-split, split-block, strip-plot) 15: Experiments in a Series 16: Expected Mean Squares 17: Analysis of Covariance 18: Non-Parametric Procedures 19: Sampling 20: When Data Doesn’t Behave – Problem Data 21: Presentation of Research Results

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Book SynopsisTraditionally, research impact has been measured by counting citations, and citation-based indicators, such as impact factors. But in the last few years there has been increasing pressure on research and higher education institutions to move beyond citation metrics, and look instead at different forms of impact - at real world impact.Scholarly impact expert Elaine Lasda brings together a cast of innovative contributors from a variety of sectors to look at how impact is measured in ways that go beyond citations in peer-reviewed journal articles. With case studies from publishers, museums, scientific centers and government agencies, the contributors show how using a different mix of traditional bibliometrics, newer altmetrics, and other new measures can provide vital information to support the mission and vision of their organizations. For librarians and information professionals, it is becoming increasingly more important to be able to provide expertise on research impact, influence, productivity and prestige. This exciting new book shows readers how to clarify the importance and relevance of organizational research output, and therefore increase their professional value. With the growing sophistication of research impact analysis, the need for "impact metric literacy" is rising, and this book is a helpful tool for those looking to improve their understanding of research impact.Trade ReviewThis guide consists of seven chapters on the use of metrics to assess the impact of research. Librarians and other researchers from the US present case studies on how a variety of research impact indicators are being used in specialized settings, particularly the physical sciences, social sciences, and humanities. They describe the measurement of the scholarly output of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; metrics used by Michigan Publishing to assess the impact of monographs, journals, and other publications; a methodology to track and measure the impact of research conducted by the University of California Institute of Transportation Studies; bibliometric services used by the Environmental Protection Agency's Library at Research Triangle Park; and the use of altmetrics for tracking attention to published research by museum staff and affiliated research associates at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. -- Copyright 2019 * Portland, OR *Table of Contents1. A Brief History and Overview; Elaine Lasda 2. Scholarly Metrics at NCAR; Keith Maull and Matthew Mayernik 3. New Metrics for Measuring Academic Research Outside the Ivory Tower; Kendra Levine 4. A Breath of Fresh Air: New Bibliometric Services at EPA-RTP Library; Anthony Holderied and Taylor Abernethy 5. Compliance and Defiance: Michigan Publishing’s Early Encounters with Research Impact Metrics; Rebecca Welzenbach and Charles Watkinson 6. Altmetrics in the Museum Environment; Richard P. Hulser 7. What Have We Learned Today? A Synthesis of Cases Presented; Elaine Lasda

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses salient moments of multilingual encounters and brings together contributions focused on the interplay between language use by individuals and societies, and language-related inequalities or opportunities for speakers. The chapters demonstrate how biographical and speaker-centred approaches can contribute to an understanding of linguistic diversity, how researchers can empirically account for lived experiences of languages, and how such accounts are embedded in a larger discussion on social (in)equality. Together the chapters make a powerful case for the importance of speaker-centred methodologies in multilingual and multilingualism research. The book is a rich source of theoretical and methodological reflections and will thus be a valuable resource for both experienced researchers and students beginning to explore biographical research methods.Trade ReviewThis brilliant contribution to language research reframes our understanding of linguistic repertoires, diversity and (in)equality in multilingual societies. Through creative and thought-provoking ideas, it inspires researchers to think differently regarding the creation of knowledge about speakers and their languages. A must-read for anybody interested in speaker-centred approaches to language. * Isabelle LeBlanc, Université de Moncton, Canada *This volume is both a sophisticated theoretical orientation to language biographical research and a practical methodological guide, encompassing the history and on-going development of this vibrant cross-disciplinary area. Researchers seeking to engage with inequalities, shifting categories, and the socio-political and emotional lives of speakers will find inspiration and guidance. * Haley De Korne, University of Oslo, Norway *As a qualitative methodologist who studies multilingualism, I found the volume’s methodological variety enlightening, the theoretical and conceptual lenses enriching, and the examination of minority, Indigenous, deaf, post-apartheid, and post-colonial language users’ lived experiences refreshing. * Melissa B Hauber-Özer, University of Missouri at Columbia, USA, LINGUIST List 34.635 *Table of ContentsFigures and Tables Contributors Acknowledgments Part 1: Introducing Speaking Subjects Chapter 1. Mi-Cha Flubacher and Judith Purkarthofer: Speaking Subjects in Multilingualism Research: Biographical and Speaker-centred Approaches Chapter 2. Judith Purkarthofer: And the Subject Speaks to You: Biographical Narratives as Memories and Stories of the Narratable Self Chapter 3. Tim McNamara: Discourse and the Agency of the Subject in Autobiographical Narratives Chapter 4. Mi-Cha Flubacher: Ethnography as a Speaker-centred Approach? Methodological Reflections Part 2: Empirical Insights Language Portraits as a Starting Ground Chapter 5. Christine Anthonissen: Profiles of Multilingualism: An Analysis of Language Biographies and Linguistic Repertoires of University Students Chapter 6. Maartje De Meulder and Annelies Kusters: Experiencing Multimodal Languaging: The Use of Language Portraits with Deaf and Hearing Multilingual Signers Chapter 7. Ruth Singer: Linguistic Biographies and Language Portraits as Tools for Developing Shared Understandings of Multilingualism with an Indigenous Australian Community Linguistic Repertoires and Language Learning in Time and Space Chapter 8. Xolisa Guzula: Children’s Use of Their Full Linguistic Repertoire to Establish a Social and Linguistic Third Space for Learning: A Case Study of the Stars of Today Literacy Club Chapter 9. Simangele Mashazi and Marcelyn Oostendorp: Belonging: The Interplay of Linguistic Repertoires, Bodies and Space in an Educational Context Chapter 10. Julie Choi: Learning about Multilingual Language Learning Experiences through Language Trajectory Grids Chapter 11. Andrea Sedlaczek: Using Media Diaries to Study Multilingual Media Repertoires: A Pilot Study with Language Learners in a Rural Community Education Setting Addressing Trauma Chapter 12. Julia Sonnleitner: A Past of Flesh and Blood: Chronotopic Agency and Embodiment in Biographic Narrative Chapter 13. Mastura Raschidy: Freedom is Suffering for a Caged Bird: Biographical Approaches and Psychotraumatology Chapter 14. Mascha Dabić: Speaking about the Unspeakable: Interpreter-mediated Psychotherapy for Survivors of War and Torture Part 3: Unsettling and Extending Biographical Research and Speaker-centred Approaches Chapter 15. Ana Deumert, Zolani Kupe and Nkululeko Mabandla: Ilwiimi Zisulungekile: Reflections on Language, Meaning and Communication Chapter 16. Jürgen Spitzmüller: Ideologies of Communication: The Social Link between Actors, Signs and Practices Chapter 17. Anne-Christel Zeiter-Grau: Language Issues? On Collecting Language Biographies without Focusing on Language Chapter 18. Brigitta Busch: A Few Remarks on Working with Auto-Socio-Bio-Ethnography Index

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, crucial questions have been raised about anthropology as a discipline, such as whether ethnography is central to the subject, and how imagination, reality and truth are joined in anthropological enterprises. These interventions have impacted anthropologists and scholars at large. This volume contributes to the debate about the interrelationships between ethnography and anthropology and takes it to a new plane. Six anthropologists with field experience in Egypt, Greece, India, Laos, Mauritius, Thailand and Switzerland critically discuss these propositions in order to renew anthropology for the future. The volume concludes with an Afterword from Tim Ingold.

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Book SynopsisWith surveillance at work extending into the home and the deployment of AI in the workplace already rapidly expanding, concerns have been raised about the ramifications of these developments. Blurring the boundaries between public and private spheres, digital workplace monitoring and digital activity tracking seem set to raise stress levels and undermine trust between employers and employees as they threaten to further infiltrate the world of work. Proposing a clear list of policy options, Ethical AI Surveillance in the Workplace tackles the structural challenges associated with ‘wiring the labour market’, including issues of control, autonomy and voice. From Data Protection Impact Assessments to regulatory sandboxes, and from establishing the right to disconnect to setting up a Code of Ethical Workplace Monitoring, the proposed paths aim to safeguard a responsible deployment of AI-powered monitoring tools within the workplace and protect employees as data subjects whose digital footprints are under constant scrutiny. Wielding the legal, regulatory and institutional tools available, this uniquely structured analysis acts as a comprehensive starting point for discussing these ever-evolving challenges and how they may shape the future of the workplace.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Ron Iphofen Section I. Legal Options Chapter 1. Putting the Employee in the Driving Seat via Reinforced Collective Agreements Chapter 2. Review and Update the Current Legal Framework Chapter 3. Introduce Legislation on Workplace Monitoring Chapter 4. Introduce a Penalty System and Strict Conditionalities Chapter 5. Introduce the Right to obtain an Explanation of the Decision and Challenge It Chapter 6. Introduce the Right of Transparency in Workplace Monitoring Chapter 7. Introduce the Right to Disconnect as a Fundamental Right Chapter 8. Introduce the Right to Health and Safety at Work in the Digital Space Chapter 9. Establish Legislation for the Protection of Whistleblowers and the Development of Effective Communication Corridors in the Workplace Chapter 10. Introduce Review Clauses on Delegated/Implementing acts in Existing Labour Legislation and in any upcoming AI Legislative Proposals Chapter 11. Develop a Workplace/Employee-Specific Data Governance Strategy that Strengthens the Rights to Privacy and Data Protection in the Digital Workplace Chapter 12. Ensure Compliance with a Mandatory Data Protection Impact Assessment for Workplace Monitoring Chapter 13. Redefine the Concept of Consent in the Frame of Workplace Monitoring Chapter 14. Address Psychosocial Risks as an Essential Part of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Legal Framework Section II. Governance Options Chapter 15. Develop a Code of Ethical Workplace Monitoring Chapter 16. Introduce Certification Mechanisms and Standards for Ethical Compliance Chapter 17. Set up an Oversight Body for Workplace Monitoring and other Workplace Governance/Oversight Structures Chapter 18. Establish an Ombudsman for Employment Affairs and Workplace Monitoring Chapter 19. Develop and Establish Procedural Frameworks to Effectively Audit Workplace Algorithmic Systems Chapter 20. Set-up Risk Governance Structures and Algorithmic Risk Assessment Methodologies for Workplace Monitoring Chapter 21. Consider the Particular Risks Related to Keylogging, Workplace Biometrics, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Practices Chapter 22. Set up Bodies for Workplace Monitoring Including a High Level Expert Group on Workplace Monitoring Chapter 23. Update any Existing Digital Strategy on Preventing Potential Misuse of AI-Enabled Monitoring Tools Chapter 24. Develop Specialised Training Opportunities for Employers and Employees Alike Section III. Ethics Options Chapter 25. Publicly-Funded Research on Workplace Monitoring should be Subject to a Thorough Ethics Appraisal Chapter 26. Consider Imposing a Moratorium on Certain Workplace Monitoring Tools Chapter 27. A Human in the Loop Approach/Human Oversight Chapter 28. The Explainability and Transparency of AI Monitoring Tools Chapter 29. Draft and Develop an Ethical Charter/Governance Framework Chapter 30. Revisit the Concepts of Worker and of Surveillance Chapter 31. Acknowledge and Address the High Informational Asymmetries Chapter 32. Workplace Monitoring Should Be Considered as High-Risk Chapter 33. Adopt a Broad Definition of AI and Algorithmic Management Chapter 34. Sandboxing Chapter 35. Ethics by Design Chapter 36. Security by design Chapter 37. Misuse/Dual Use Chapter 38. Ethical Leadership Chapter 39. Appeal and Redress Chapter 40. Use ‘Smart’ tools to Handle AI-Related Ethical Risks

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Book SynopsisThe Second Edition of this classic text introduces the main methods, techniques and issues involved in carrying out multilevel modeling and analysis. Snijders and Bosker′s book is an applied, authoritative and accessible introduction to the topic, providing readers with a clear conceptual and practical understanding of all the main issues involved in designing multilevel studies and conducting multilevel analysis. This book provides step-by-step coverage of: • multilevel theories • ecological fallacies • the hierarchical linear model • testing and model specification • heteroscedasticity • study designs • longitudinal data • multivariate multilevel models • discrete dependent variables There are also new chapters on: • missing data • multilevel modeling and survey weights • Bayesian and MCMC estimation and latent-class models. This book has been comprehensively revised and updated since the last edition, and now discusses modeling using HLM, MLwiN, SAS, Stata including GLLAMM, R, SPSS, Mplus, WinBugs, Latent Gold, and SuperMix. This is a must-have text for any student, teacher or researcher with an interest in conducting or understanding multilevel analysis. Tom A.B. Snijders is Professor of Statistics in the Social Sciences at the University of Oxford and Professor of Statistics and Methodology at the University of Groningen. Roel J. Bosker is Professor of Education and Director of GION, Groningen Institute for Educational Research, at the University of Groningen. Trade Review′Overall, Snijders and Bosker provide an accessible and readable text on the subject of multilevel analysis. It is as much tailored to the needs of advanced quantitative researchers, as to relative beginners in the field. As a reader with limited experience in quantitative research, but an interest in advancing my knowledge and understanding of multilevel analysis, I found this text an ideal introduction to the area′ - Emma SmithMethodspace Book Reviews Club This new edition is still intended for students, teachers, or researchers with an interest in conducting or understanding multilevel analysis. The book is definitely an excellent reference book for researchers working in social sciences, education, environmental sciences, and economic, biological, medical, and health disciplines. -- Yuehua Wu * Zentralblatt Math *Table of ContentsPreface second edition Preface to first edition Introduction Multilevel analysis Probability models This book Prerequisites Notation Multilevel Theories, Multi-Stage Sampling and Multilevel Models Dependence as a nuisance Dependence as an interesting phenomenon Macro-level, micro-level, and cross-level relations Glommary Statistical Treatment of Clustered Data Aggregation Disaggregation The intraclass correlation Within-group and between group variance Testing for group differences Design effects in two-stage samples Reliability of aggregated variables Within-and between group relations Regressions Correlations Estimation of within-and between-group correlations Combination of within-group evidence Glommary The Random Intercept Model Terminology and notation A regression model: fixed effects only Variable intercepts: fixed or random parameters? When to use random coefficient models Definition of the random intercept model More explanatory variables Within-and between-group regressions Parameter estimation ′Estimating′ random group effects: posterior means Posterior confidence intervals Three-level random intercept models Glommary The Hierarchical Linear Model Random slopes Heteroscedasticity Do not force ?01 to be 0! Interpretation of random slope variances Explanation of random intercepts and slopes Cross-level interaction effects A general formulation of fixed and random parts Specification of random slope models Centering variables with random slopes? Estimation Three or more levels Glommary Testing and Model Specification Tests for fixed parameters Multiparameter tests for fixed effects Deviance tests More powerful tests for variance parameters Other tests for parameters in the random part Confidence intervals for parameters in the random part Model specification Working upward from level one Joint consideration of level-one and level-two variables Concluding remarks on model specification Glommary How Much Does the Model Explain? Explained variance Negative values of R2? Definition of the proportion of explained variance in two-level models Explained variance in three-level models Explained variance in models with random slopes Components of variance Random intercept models Random slope models Glommary Heteroscedasticity Heteroscedasticity at level one Linear variance functions Quadratic variance functions Heteroscedasticity at level two Glommary Missing Data General issues for missing data Implications for design Missing values of the dependent variable Full maximum likelihood Imputation The imputation method Putting together the multiple results Multiple imputations by chained equations Choice of the imputation model Glommary Assumptions of the Hierarchical Linear Model Assumptions of the hierarchical linear model Following the logic of the hierarchical linear model Include contextual effects Check whether variables have random effects Explained variance Specification of the fixed part Specification of the random part Testing for heteroscedasticity What to do in case of heteroscedasticity Inspection of level-one residuals Residuals at level two Influence of level-two units More general distributional assumptions Glommary Designing Multilevel Studies Some introductory notes on power Estimating a population mean Measurement of subjects Estimating association between variables Cross-level interaction effects Allocating treatment to groups or individuals Exploring the variance structure The intraclass correlation Variance parameters Glommary Other Methods and Models Bayesian inference Sandwich estimators for standard errors Latent class models Glommary Imperfect Hierarchies A two-level model with a crossed random factor Crossed random effects in three-level models Multiple membership models Multiple membership multiple classification models Glommary Survey Weights Model-based and design-based inference Descriptive and analytic use of surveys Two kinds of weights Choosing between model-based and design-based analysis Inclusion probabilities and two-level weights Exploring the informativeness of the sampling design Example: Metacognitive strategies as measured in the PISA study Sampling design Model-based analysis of data divided into parts Inclusion of weights in the model How to assign weights in multilevel models Appendix. Matrix expressions for the single-level estimators Glommary Longitudinal Data Fixed occasions The compound symmetry models Random slopes The fully multivariate model Multivariate regression analysis Explained variance Variable occasion designs Populations of curves Random functions Explaining the functions 27415.2.4 Changing covariates Autocorrelated residuals Glommary Multivariate Multilevel Models Why analyze multiple dependent variables simultaneously? The multivariate random intercept model Multivariate random slope models Glommary Discrete Dependent Variables Hierarchical generalized linear models Introduction to multilevel logistic regression Heterogeneous proportions The logit function: Log-odds The empty model The random intercept model Estimation Aggregation Further topics on multilevel logistic regression Random slope model Representation as a threshold model Residual intraclass correlation coefficient Explained variance Consequences of adding effects to the model Ordered categorical variables Multilevel event history analysis Multilevel Poisson regression Glommary Software Special software for multilevel modeling HLM MLwiN The MIXOR suite and SuperMix Modules in general-purpose software packages SAS procedures VARCOMP, MIXED, GLIMMIX, and NLMIXED R Stata SPSS, commands VARCOMP and MIXED Other multilevel software PinT Optimal Design MLPowSim Mplus Latent Gold REALCOM WinBUGS References Index

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Book SynopsisThe long-awaited 2nd edition of this best-selling research methods handbook is fully updated and includes brand new coverage of online research methods and techniques, mixed methodology and qualitative analysis. This edition includes two new contributed chapters: Professor Julie McLeod, Sue Childs and Elizabeth Lomas focus on research data management, applying evidence from the recent JISC funded ‘DATUM’ project; Dr Andrew Shenton examines strategies for analysing existing documents. The first to focus entirely on the needs of the information and communications community, this handbook guides the would-be researcher through the variety of possibilities open to them under the heading ‘research’ and provides students with the confidence to embark on their dissertations. The focus here is on the ‘doing’ and although the philosophy and theory of research is explored to provide context, this is essentially a practical exploration of the whole research process with each chapter fully supported by examples and exercises tried and tested over a whole teaching career. Readership: Students of information and communications studies and archives and records management, and practitioners beginning a piece of research.Trade Review"This reference guide outlines the research process for students and practitioners in information studies, communications, records management, knowledge management, and related disciplines. It covers the three major research paradigms in information science, then reviewing the literature, defining the research, the proposal, sampling, ethics, research methods, the type of question the methods can be used for, and how to design it, including case studies, surveys, experimental research, Delphi studies, action research, historical research, and grounded theory. It also details data collection techniques (interviews, questionnaires, observation, diaries, and focus groups), and qualitative and quantitative data analysis and research presentation. The philosophy and theory behind the research is included only for context; emphasis is on the research process itself. This edition adds two chapters by guest authors on data research management and the analysis of existing documents. The chapters on usability testing and ethnography have been expanded to include netnography and other material." -- Reference and Research Book NewsTable of ContentsPART 1: STARTING THE RESEARCH PROCESS1. Major research paradigms Introduction Positivist research Postpositivism and mixed methods research (MMR) Interpretivist research Qualitative or quantitative methodology? Qualitative research design Quantitative research design Mixed methods research Criteria for judging research Establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research Establishing rigour in quantitative research Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 2. Reviewing literature Introduction Information searching and retrieval Evaluation Critical analysis Synthesizing the research: developing a theoretical framework Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 3. Defining the research Introduction Designing a conceptual framework The research hypothesis Research aims and objectives Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 4. The research proposal Why write a proposal? Structure of a research proposal The proposal as a research framework Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 5. Sampling Why sample? Population and sample Probability sampling Purposive sampling Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 6. Research Data Management - Julie McLeod, Sue Childs and Elizabeth Lomas Introduction – research data and its management challenges Why is research data management important? The research process, data lifecycles and research data management How do I manage my research data? Summary Practical exercise Websites referred to in this chapter Suggested further reading 7. Ethics in research Introduction Gaining access to the field Informed consent Anonymity or confidentiality? Protecting participants Ethics online Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 8. Case studies Introduction Phases in case study research Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 9. Surveys Introduction Descriptive surveys Explanatory surveys The survey process Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 10. Experimental research Introduction The nature of causality The true experiment Quasi-experimental design: the ‘effects study’ Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 11. Usability testing Introduction Quasi-experimental usability studies Cognitive walkthroughs Heuristic evaluation Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 12. Ethnography Introduction Components of ethnographic study Virtual ethnography – ‘netnography’ Ethics in ethnography Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 13. Delphi study Introduction The Delphi process Rules of a Delphi study Modifying a Delphi study Delphi studies and new technologies Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 14. Action research Introduction The action research cycle Trustworthiness in action research Action research as reflective practice Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 15. Historical research Introduction The research process Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 16. Grounded theory: method or analysis? Introduction Defining grounded theory Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading PART 3: DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES17. Interviews Introduction What is the purpose of an interview? The seven stages of the interview process Online interviewing Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 18. Questionnaires Introduction Designing questionnaires Developing questions Scale items Forms of questionnaire Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 19. Observation Introduction The role of the observer Recording what you see; going in with signposts Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 20. Diaries Introduction The purpose of diaries in research Participant diaries The researcher’s log Structure and recording Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 21. Focus groups Introduction Purpose of a focus group Organizing a focus group Online focus groups Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 22. Analysis of existing, externally created material - Andrew K. Shenton Introduction The different supporting roles of documents LIS research principally based on documents Citation analysis Logs associated with computer software and the use of ICT Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading PART 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PRESENTATION23. Qualitative analysis Introduction Phenomenological strategies Ethnographic methods Narrative and discourse analysis Constant comparative analysis Memo writing Presenting qualitative findings Software for qualitative analysis Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 24. Quantitative analysis Introduction Levels of measurement Frequency distribution Cross-tabulation Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion Correlation Displaying data Testing for statistical significance Software for quantitative analysis Summary Practical exercise Suggested further reading 25. Presenting the research Introduction Planning the final report Form and structure Summary Suggested further reading PART 5: GLOSSARY AND REFERENCES Glossary of research terms References

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Book SynopsisThis book gives you the confidence, tools and techniques to produce a first-class dissertation. It offers practical guidelines to planning realistic timetables and structuring every aspect of your work. Find out how to avoid common mistakes and the best way to present your work, and even how to assess your dissertation in the same way as a university or college tutor does.Table of Contents1. Before you start; 2. What is involved?; 3. Getting started; 4. Techniques; 5. Down to details; 6. Writing up; 7. The final stage; Further reading; Glossary; Index;

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Book SynopsisThis is an accessible introduction to the philosophy of social research which relates philosophical ideas to actual research practice. The book makes effective use of illustrations from the UK, US and Europe to examine specific problems and broader issues. The book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in social research methods within sociology, social policy, politics, social psychology, human geography; philosophy of social science and social theory courses; and as a personal reference for professional researchers.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 What is science?; Chapter 3 Philosophy, social science and method; Chapter 4 Knowing the social world; Chapter 5 Objectivity and values in social research; Chapter 6 Philosophical issues in the process of social research; Chapter 7 Poststructuralism, postmodernism and social research; Chapter 8 Conclusion;

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Book Synopsis100 Themed Quizzes with a Foreword by Jenny Ryan of ITVs The Chase

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Book SynopsisGiven the explosion of information and knowledge in the field of Life Sciences, adapting primary literature as materials in course work as part of active learning seems to be more effective in improving scientific literacy among science undergraduates than the pure transmission of content knowledge using traditional textbooks. In addition, students also read research articles as part of undertaking laboratory research projects useful for preparing them for graduate school. As such, a good grasp of reading and analytical skills is needed for students to understand how their research project contributes to the field that they are working in. Such skills are being taught at UK and USA universities. In Asia, this approach in teaching has not yet been as widespread, although similar ideas are beginning to be used in education. Written as a quick guide for undergraduate students and faculty members dealing with scientific research articles as part of a module or research project, this book will be useful, especially in Asia, for students and faculty members as the universities look to incorporating the use of scientific research articles in their undergraduate teaching.For Life Science students, the first time they encounter a primary literature can be rather daunting, though with proper guidance, they can overcome the initial difficulties and become confident in dealing with scientific articles.This guidebook provides a structured approach to reading a research article, guiding the reader step-by-step through each section, with tips on how to look out for key points and how to evaluate each section.Overall, by helping undergraduate students to overcome their anxieties in reading scientific literature, the book will enable the students to appreciate better the process of scientific investigations and how knowledge is derived in science.Table of ContentsIntroduction; How to Search for an Article; Anatomy of a Typical Scientific Article; A Brief Insight into How Scientific Articles Get Published in Journals; The Introduction Section: Background Information on the Topic of Research; More on the Introduction Section: Hypothesis or Question that the Authors were Investigating; The Materials and Methods Section: Reagents and Techniques Used in the Study; The Results Section: What were the Important Observations Made?; The Discussion Section: What were the Main Conclusion(s) Made by the Authors Arising from the Data?; What are Your Views on the Article?; Writing Activities Related to Critiquing an Article; Final Words.

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Book SynopsisIn Seeking a Research-Ethics Covenant in the Social Sciences, Will C. van den Hoonaard chronicles the negative influence that medical research-ethics frameworks have had on social science research-ethics policies. He argues that the root causes of the current ethics disorder in the social sciences are the aggressive audit culture in universities and the privilege accorded to medical research ethics. Van den Hoonaard charts the unique history of research ethics in sociology and anthropology and provides a detailed plan for how to unshackle research ethics in the social sciences from medical frameworks. Central to this plan is an insistence that covenantal ethics be embedded in the professional training of researchers in the social sciences. Based on decades of study, advocacy, and engagement with research-ethics policy at all levels, with a chapter by Marco Marzano (University of Bergamo), the book will be of interest to scholars, policy makers, and administrators who seek to support the full potential of social science research.Trade Review"Will C. van den Hoonaard makes a bold and important contribution to research on ethics in social science disciplines. I believe it will inform productive discussions in university ethics committees as well as being of interest to readers exploring broader questions about how the production of knowledge can or should be regulated." Fiona Nicoll, Professor, University of AlbertaTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface 1 | The Climate of Research-Ethics Review in the Social Sciences 2 | A Robust Audit Culture and Its Aversion to Diversity 3 | The Capture of the Social Sciences by the Medical Ethics Framework 4 | The Anthropological Stance in Ethical Research 5 | Sociology and the New Ethics Disorder (by Marco Marzano) 6 | Current Debates in the Research-Ethics Community 7 | Towards a New Approach in the Social Sciences Appendix: The New Brunswick Declaration on Ethics in Research Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisA brief, authoritative introduction to field experimentation in the social sciences.Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Causal Inference and Experimentation Chapter 3: Sampling Distributions, Statistical Inference, and Hypothesis Testing Chapter 4: Using Covariates in Experimental Design and Analysis Chapter 5: One-Sided Noncompliance Chapter 6: Two-Sided Noncompliance Chapter 7: Attrition Chapter 8: Interference between Experimental Units Chapter 9: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Chapter 10: Mediation Chapter 11: Integration of Research Findings Chapter 12: Instructive Examples of Experimental Design Chapter 13: Writing an Experimental Proposal, Research Report, and Journal Article Appendix A: Protection of Human Subjects Appendix B: Suggested Field Experiments for Class Projects

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Book SynopsisThis practical, step-by-step guide explains the most important principles for using a generic approach to descriptive-interpretive qualitative research. Table of ContentsSeries Foreword by Clara E. Hill and Sarah Knox1. Why a Generic Descriptive-Interpretive Approach to Qualitative Research?2. Designing the Study3. Data Collection4. A Framework of Key Modes of Qualitative Data Analysis5. Writing the Manuscript6. Methodological Integrity7. Summary and ConclusionsAppendix. Example StudiesReferences

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Book SynopsisIn this step-by-step guide to writing autoethnography, the author describes and illustrates the essential features and practices of this qualitative research method. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Conceptual Foundations of Autoethnography Chapter 2. Doing Autoethnography (Design and Data Collection) Chapter 3. Writing Autoethnography Chapter 4. Process and Craft Chapter 5. Variations on the Method Chapter 6. Methodological Integrity, Summary, and Conclusions References Appendix A. Exemplars

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Book SynopsisCritical realism helps researchers to extend and clarify their analyses. This original text draws on international examples of health and illness research across the life course, from small studies to large trials, to show how versatile critical realism can be in validating research and connecting it to policy and practice.Table of ContentsIntroduction Rethinking theories: the basis of practical research and problems with paradigms Basic critical realist concepts Structure and agency: making connections Health and illness research: value-free or value-laden? Four planes of social being: more connections Researching transformative change over time The point is to change it: connecting research to policy and practice

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Book SynopsisWritten in an accessible, practical and jargon-free style, this useful book informs and inspires researchers by showing readers why, when, and how to use creative methods in their research.Trade Review“Inviting the researcher to make the research process attractively creative, Kara extends the scope of the western research tradition, while simultaneously demonstrating rapid growth in the creative research sphere.” Chats Devroop, University of KwaZulu-Natal"Thank goodness for Helen Kara's work. Written in an easily accessible style, Kara tells it like it is and guides her readers beyond her own text to further reading and exploration. In terms of getting bang for one's buck, this is exactly what a second edition should be - substantively re-worked from the first edition, with considerable new content and chapters." Sharon Inglis, Staffordshire University"A really insightful book with broad coverage of creative methods, an excellent 'go to' text for students who are considering using creative research methods. I find particularly valuable the inclusion of reflective questions at the end of each chapter, this will encourage students to think about the applications of what they are reading in their own project contexts." Louise Gascoine, Durham UniversityTable of ContentsIntroducing Creative Research Creative Research Methods in Practice Transformative Research Frameworks and Indigenous Research Creative Research Methods and Ethics Creative Thinking Arts-Based and Embodied Data Gathering Using Technology and Mixing Methods in Data Gathering Arts-Based and Embodied Data Analysis Using Technology and Mixing Methods in Data Analysis Arts-Based and Embodied Research Reporting Using Technology and Mixing Methods in Research Reporting Arts-Based and Embodied Presentation Using Technology and Mixing Methods in Presentation Research Into Practice Conclusion

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Book SynopsisHistory through material culture is a unique, step-by-step guide for students and researchers who wish to use objects as historical sources.Responding to the significant, scholarly interest in historical material culture studies, this book makes clear how students and researchers ready to use these rich material sources can make important, valuable and original contributions to history.Written by two experienced museum practitioners and historians, the book recognises the theoretical and practical challenges of this approach and offers clear advice on methods to get the best out of material culture research. With a focus on the early modern and modern periods, this volume draws on examples from across the world and demonstrates how to use material culture to answer a range of enquiries, including social, economic, gender, cultural and global history.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Approaches to the material world 2 Planning a research project 3 Developing a methodology 4 Locating sources: understanding museum collections and other repositories 5 Analysing sources 6 Writing up findings Afterword Index

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.Can octopuses feel pain and pleasure? What about crabs, shrimps, insects or spiders? How do we tell whether a person unresponsive after severe brain injury might be suffering? When does a fetus in the womb start to have conscious experiences? Could there even be rudimentary feelings in miniature models of the human brain, grown from human stem cells? And what about AI?These are questions about the edge of sentience, and they are subject to enormous, disorienting uncertainty. We desperately want certainty, but it is out of reach. The stakes are immense, and neglecting the risks can have terrible costs. We need to err on the side of caution, yet it''s often far from clear what ''erring on the side of caution'' should mean in practice. When are we going too far? When are we not doing enough?The Edge of Sentience presents a comprehensive precautionary framework designed to help us reach ethically sound, evidence-based decisions despite our uncertainty. The book is packed with specific, detailed proposals intended to generate discussion and debate. At no point, however, does it offer any magic tricks to make our uncertainty go away. Uncertainty is with us for the long term. We must manage our uncertainty by taking precautions that are proportionate to the risks. It''s time to start debating what those steps should be.

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Book SynopsisGary Thomas is Professor of Inclusion and Diversity at the University of Birmingham, UK, having previously worked as a teacher and an educational psychologist.Table of ContentsPART 1: Planning PART 2: Groundwork PART 3: Building a scaffold PART 4: Fieldwork: finding the data PART 5: Analysing the data PART 6: Writing up research.

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Book SynopsisDuring the past half-century, exponential families have attained a position at the center of parametric statistical inference. Theoretical advances have been matched, and more than matched, in the world of applications, where logistic regression by itself has become the go-to methodology in medical statistics, computer-based prediction algorithms, and the social sciences. This book is based on a one-semester graduate course for first year Ph.D. and advanced master''s students. After presenting the basic structure of univariate and multivariate exponential families, their application to generalized linear models including logistic and Poisson regression is described in detail, emphasizing geometrical ideas, computational practice, and the analogy with ordinary linear regression. Connections are made with a variety of current statistical methodologies: missing data, survival analysis and proportional hazards, false discovery rates, bootstrapping, and empirical Bayes analysis. The book coTrade Review'This book provides a unique perspective on exponential families, bringing together theory and methods into a unified whole. No other text covers the range of topics in this text. If you want to understand the 'why' as well as the `how' of exponential families, then this book should be on your bookshelf.' Larry Wasserman, Carnegie Mellon University'I am excited to see the publication of this monograph on exponential families by my friend and colleague Brad Efron. I learned some of this material during my Ph.D. studies at Stanford from the maestro himself, as well as the geometry of curved exponential families, Hoeffding's lemma, the Lindsey method, and the list goes on. They have lived with me my entire career and informed our work on GAMs and sparse GLMs. Generations of Stanford students have shared this privilege, and now generations in the future will be able to enjoy the unique Efron style.' Trevor Hastie, Stanford University'Exponential families can be magical in simplifying both theoretical and applied statistical analyses. Brad Efron's wonderful book exposes their secrets, from R. A. Fisher's early magic to Efron's own bootstrap: an essential text for understanding how data of all sizes can be approached scientifically.' Stephen Stigler, University of Chicago'This book provides an original and accessible study of statistical inference in the class of models called exponential families. The mathematical properties and flexibility of this class makes the models very useful for statistical practice – they underpin the class of generalized linear models, for example. Writing with his characteristic elegance and clarity, Efron shows how exponential families underpin, and provide insight into, many modern topics in statistical science, including bootstrap inference, empirical Bayes methodology, high-dimensional inference, analysis of survival data, missing data, and more.' Nancy Reid, University of Toronto'In this book, Brad Efron illuminates the exponential family as a practical, extendible, and crucial ingredient in all manners of data analysis, be they Bayesian, frequentist, or machine learning. He shows us how to shape, understand, and employ these distributions in both algorithms and analysis. The book is crisp, insightful, and indispensable.' David Blei, Columbia UniversityTable of Contents1. One-parameter exponential families; 2. Multiparameter exponential families; 3. Generalized linear models; 4. Curved exponential families, eb, missing data, and the em algorithm; 5. Bootstrap confidence intervals; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe contemporary world currently faces multi-level challenges, including cross-border migration, economic crises and myriad health issues, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Within this wider context of ongoing fluidity, transition and diversity, qualitative research methodologies in psychology are rapidly evolving, featuring innovative ways to examine the dynamic interrelation of societal and psychological processes. The Routledge International Handbook of Innovative Qualitative Psychological Research sets the stage for cutting-edge debates on how innovative approaches in qualitative research in psychology can contribute to tackling current challenges in our society. The handbook depicts innovation in qualitative research in psychology with respect to methodological approaches like visual methods, arts-based research, discursive and narrative approaches, multimodal approaches, and pluralistic/mixed methodology approaches. It addresses a wide range of contemporary, challenging topics at the intersection of the psychological with the societal sphere, like globalization, climate change, digitalization, urbanization, social marginalization, gender and sexism, youth cultures, global mobility and global health risks. The book also includes contributions from various European countries across different fields of psychology, like clinical, health, social, educational, environmental, developmental, organizational, political and media psychology. This is a valuable text for anyone teaching qualitative research courses in psychology as well as in related disciplines like mental health, education and sociology. It will also be of great interest to any qualitative researcher in the behavioral and social sciences wishing to have an overview of the latest developments in the field.

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Book SynopsisOffering immensely practical advice, Basics of Qualitative Research, Fourth Edition presents methods that enable researchers to analyze, interpret, and make sense of their data, and ultimately build theory from it. Authors Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss (late of the University of San Francisco and co-creator of grounded theory) walk readers step-by-step through the research processfrom the formation of the research question through several approaches to coding, analysis, and reporting. Packed with definitions and illustrative examples, this highly accessible book concludes with chapters that present criteria for evaluating a study, as well as responses to common questions posed by students of qualitative research. New end-of-chapter Insider Insights contributed by qualitative researchers give readers a sense of what it's like to work in the field. Significantly revised, this Fourth Edition remains a landmark volume in the study of qualitative methodsTrade Review"The subject of the book is timely, important, and relevant. The content is laid out in a logical and organized manner and written in a style that is easy to understand." -- Mahesh S. Raisinghani, Texas Woman’s University"[This book] provides an overview as well as depth into some of the techniques used in Grounded Theory studies, from the formation of research questions on through how to disseminate the work. A beginning researcher wanting to conduct a Grounded Theory study would find parts of this book helpful." -- Kathryn Pole, University of Texas at ArlingtonTable of ContentsPart I: Introduction to Grounded Theory of Anselm Strauss Chapter 1: Inspiration and Background Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations Chapter 3: Practical Considerations for Getting Started Chapter 4: Prelude to Analysis Chapter 5: Strategies for Qualitative Data Analysis Chapter 6: Memos and Diagrams Chapter 7: Theoretical Sampling Chapter 8: Context Chapter 9: Process Chapter 10: Techniques for Achieving Theoretical Integration Chapter 11: The Use of Computer Programs in Qualitative Data Analysis Part II: Research Demonstration Project Chapter 12 Open Coding: Identifying Concepts Chapter 13: Developing Concepts in Terms of Their Properties and Dimensions Chapter 14: Analyzing Data for Context Chapter 15: Bringing Process Into the Analysis Chapter 16: Integrating Categories Part III: Finishing the Research Project Chapter 17: Writing Theses, Monographs, and Dissertations, and Giving Talks About Your Research Chapter 18: Criteria for Evaluation Chapter 19: Student Questions and Answers

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Book SynopsisExam Board: SQALevel: National 5Subject: ChemistryFirst Teaching: 2017, First Exam: 2018 Covers all required techniques and apparatus Provides practice in all skills of scientific inquiry Supports Assignment workNational 5 Chemistry Lab Skills is designed to support you when undertaking the practical work required for your SQA exam and assignment.It includes eleven experiments covering the required skills of scientific inquiry and will: guide you through the experiments with clear aims, methods, apparatus lists and safety tips connect each experiment to your course with underlying chemistry and learning outcomes provide one place to record your results with write-in spaces help you revise for your exams with check your understanding and exam-style questions. include precautions to help you ensure your results are accurate, valid and reliable. provide assignment advice with each experiment to help you develop your own research allow you to check your answers at the back of the book

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Book SynopsisWritten in an accessible and engaging style, this book is for anyone embarking on a research project or beginning to think about a career involving research, and for those in need of refocusing on why they started research in the first place.Trade ReviewNew and Noteworthy! * The Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Origin stories 3: God or clockwork? The importance of ignorance 4: Careful observation 5: Ideas under pressure 6: Choosing a solution 7: The ideal and the reality 8: Consensus 9: Designing research - from description to theory-building 10: Designing research - experiments 11: Designing research - alternatives to experiments 12: Designing research - R&D 13: Communication 1 - getting published 14: Communication 2 - getting known 15: Money 16: Power and politics 17: How to be a researcher - some conclusions

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Book SynopsisA groundbreaking analysis of how the genomic revolution is transforming American society and creating new social divisions-some along racial lines-that promise to fundamentally shape American politics for years to come. The emergence of genomic science in the last quarter century has revolutionized medicine, the justice system, and our understanding of who we are. We use genomics to determine guilt and exonerate the falsely convicted; devise new medicines; test embryos; and discover our ethnic and national roots. One might think that, given these advances, most would favor the availability of genomic tools. Yet as Jennifer Hochschild explains in Genomic Politics, the uses of genomic science are both politically charged and hotly contested. After all, genomics might result in bioterrorism, a demand for designer babies, or a revival of racial biology.Political divisions around genomics do not follow the usual left-right ideological divides that dominate most of American politics. ThroughTrade ReviewThe Genomics Revolution is all around us, and it is wise to watch carefully for both positives and negatives, both personal and global. This book is a superbly balanced and comprehensive guide to enable all of us to understand and engage with that watching, working together to prevent mishaps and ensure equitable access to benefits. * George Church, Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School *'The issues that genomics poses are too important, new, and complex to afford the luxury of one-sided or partial viewpoints,' Jennifer Hochschild writes is this pathbreaking book about a new scientific revolution that inspires hope, awe and wonder as well as anxiety, uneasiness and even alarm. She lives up to her own standard by painstakingly, empathetically and engagingly explaining the arguments we are likely to have with each other while being upfront about her own nuanced views. Genomic Politics is an important achievement, a model of careful research, honest reflection and political savvy. * E. J. Dionne Jr., author of Code Red and Our Divided Political Heart *Nobody is talking about the science-fictionesque reality of gene editing and genetic prediction that has arrived. Nobody, that is, except Jennifer Hochschild in her wonderful book, Genomic Politics. Unlike most issues, currently genetic policy is not highly polarized—though that's sure to change soon enough as charges of eugenics or 'playing god' start flying. Hochschild offers advice on how we might have a fruitful public dialogue as we approach this transformative technology. A must read for anyone concerned with science and society. * Dalton Conley, Henry Putnam University Professor of Sociology, Princeton University *In this brilliant multi-method exploration, Hochschild shows how citizens and experts form beliefs about genomics and determine whether to oppose or support it. The answer lies not in political ideology or partisanship—the fallback explanation that many may presume—but rather in attitudes about genetics and risk. The book provides a remarkable portrait of what people think of genomics. Even more important is that Hochschild reveals how people form their impressions on new issues with huge public policy consequences. A must read for those interested in genomics and for anyone who cares about the public, preferences, and democratic governance. * James N. Druckman, Payson S. Wild Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University *Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments 1: Political puzzles: BiDil, ancestry testing, forensic biobanks, and prenatal gene editing 2: The basic framework: nature and nurture, risks and gains 3. Disputes over genomic science are not partisan 4. Enthusiasm and skepticism 5. Hope and rejection 6. Experts 7. Locating the public in the basic framework 8. Why are Americans enthusiastic, skeptical, hopeful, or rejecting? 9. Who should govern? 10. Governing genomics Appendix Endnotes

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Book SynopsisIn Doing Good Qualitative Research, Jennifer Cyr and Sara Wallace Goodman bring together over forty experts to provide one of the first comprehensive introductions to using qualitative methods across the social sciences. From concept formation and case selection to fieldwork, analysis, write-up, and publication, this volume provides accessible and practical advice to completing a qualitative research project. In addition to the basics of practicing qualitative research, chapters also discuss rarely covered but important topics, including fieldwork and mental health, interviewing vulnerable populations, fieldwork in violent contexts, and conducting fieldwork as a minoritized scholar. Each chapter introduces the theoretical considerations and best practices involved in the application of qualitative data collection and analysis. Additionally, contributors provide first-person accounts of methodology in action, address the expected and unexpected challenges associated with conducting qual

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Book SynopsisWritten primarily for students embarking on an undergraduate bioscience degree, this primer provides an accessible, straightforward, and approachable guide to data presentation using R. It offers valuable and widely applicable advice on how to choose the most appropriate type of graph for different types of data, and guides readers from the basics of plotting clear figures to producing polished and effective visuals, illustrating the core concepts and features of excellent graphing. This primer uses simple and engaging biology-based example data sets to take readers from the essential aspects of basic plots to more advanced graphing techniques and details.Digital formats and resourcesThe book is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources:- The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks- Online resources include extended supplementary resources to guide use of R, multiple choice questions for students to check their understanding, and, for registered adopters, figures and tables from the book

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Book SynopsisThis guide to research methods covers four areas of social science: the creation of imagery to guide research; methods of sampling to generate maximum variety in the data; the development of concepts to organize findings; and logical methods of exploring the implications of the findings.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Crymble seamlessly integrates print, digital, oral history, and interactive source material to document the ways historians have responded, both individually and as an imagined community, to the social contexts that have shaped our interactions with technology." --Journal of American History"Crymble gives me a greater appreciation for how my own course in ‘digital history’ fits within and reflects broader patterns of discourse about technology and the past." --Corinthian Matters"This book explodes many of the foundation myths upon which digital history has been built; and replaces them with a clear-eyed account that melds historiography, technology, and pedagogy. In beautiful prose Crymble has identified the streams of influence that have shaped the field."--Tim Hitchcock, University of Sussex"Crymble's work provides an insightful historiographical examination of how computer technology has been impacted in various practices pertaining to the field of history. This book merits attention from students, researchers, and practitioners of the historical profession, as it serves as a salient reminder that technology has long pervaded, transformed, and continually shaped every dimension of our discipline." --Middle Ground Journal

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Book SynopsisUsing Postmodern and Poststructural Approaches in Applied Research introduces the complex theoretical approaches of postmodern and poststructural thought in ways that are accessible and understandable.The book begins by grounding our discussion with the foundational work of scholars who first wrote about postmodern and poststructural approaches. We then follow with examples of how scholars continue to use these approaches and theories today and apply them in different practice areas. Examples are provided from the authorâs own research, teaching, and mentorship along with activities for the reader, to support them with their own research and application of postmodern and poststructural thought. Interviews and reflections are shared from students and researchers who have used postmodern and poststructural approaches in their own work.This book is for students and researchers who want to use postmodern and poststructural approaches to make a difference in practice areas where they work or have connections. It intends to inspire, excite, and support students, academics, researchers, and practitioners to use postmodern and poststructural concepts in their everyday practices.

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Book SynopsisMultilevel modelling is a data analysis method that is frequently used to investigate hierarchal data structures in educational, behavioural, health, and social sciences disciplines. Multilevel data analysis exploits data structures that cannot be adequately investigated using single-level analytic methods such as multiple regression, path analysis, and structural modelling. This text offers a comprehensive treatment of multilevel models for univariate and multivariate outcomes. It explores their similarities and differences and demonstrates why one model may be more appropriate than another, given the research objectives. New to this edition: An expanded focus on the nature of different types of multilevel data structures (e.g., cross-sectional, longitudinal, cross-classified, etc.) for addressing specific research goals; Varied modelling methods for examining longitudinal data including random-effect and fixed-effect approaches; <Trade Review"Developing a basic modeling strategy that researchers can follow to investigate multilevel data structures can be challenging. Heck and Thomas have once again presented a must-have reference book to get the job done. This edition’s use of four different software packages and additional easy-to-follow illustrative examples enhance what was already a superb resource for both students and researchers." – George A. Marcoulides, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction 2. Getting Started with Multilevel Analysis 3. Multilevel Regression Models 4. Extending the Two-Level Regression Model 5. Methods for Examining Individual and Organizational Change 6. Multilevel Models with Categorical Variables 7. Multilevel Structural Equation Variables 8. Multilevel Latent Growth and Mixture Models 9. Data Consideration in Examining Multilevel Models

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents a comprehensive collection of the latest research findings supporting the current and future implementations and applications of computerized multistage testing (MST).As a sequel to the widely acclaimed Computerized Multistage Testing: Theory and Applications (2014) by Yan, von Davier, and Lewis, this volume delves into the experiences, considerations, challenges, and lessons learned over the past years. It also offers practical approaches and solutions to the issues encountered. The topics covered include purposeful MST designs, practical approaches for optimal design, assembly strategies for accuracy and efficiency, hybrid designs, MST with natural language processing, practical routing considerations and methodologies, item calibration and proficiency estimation methods, routing and classification accuracy, added value of process data, prediction and evaluation of MST performance, cognitive diagnostic MST, differential item functioning, robustne

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