Research methods / methodology Books

Book SynopsisAn R Companion for Applied Statistics I: Basic Bivariate Techniques breaks the language of the R software down into manageable chunks in order to help students learn how to use it. R is a powerful, flexible, and free tool. However, the flexibilitywhich eventually becomes a great assetcan make the initial learning curve appear steep. This book introduces a few key aspects of the R tool. As readers become comfortable with these aspects, they develop a foundation from which to more thoroughly explore R and the packages available for it. This introduction does not explain every possible way to analyze data or perform a specific type of analysis. Rather, it focuses on the analyses that are traditionally included in an undergraduate statistics course and provides one or two ways to run these analyses in R. Datasets and scripts to run the examples are provided on an accompanying website. The book has been designed to be an R companion to Warner's Applied Statistics I, Trade ReviewRasco′s An R Companion to Applied Statistics I is an excellent companion to Warner′s seminal statistics text. If you′ve ever wanted to use R in place of commercial statistics, this is the book that will help you achieve that goal. -- Jeffrey SavageRasco′s text has taken the complexity out of using R for students who are learning the system. His engaging text gives step by step instructions with visuals. He thoroughly covers the relevance and assumptions of each statistical analysis. -- Lina RacicotTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1: Introduction: What is R? Downloading R and RStudio Creating a Project Folder Getting Acquainted with the RStudio Environment Appendix 1A: Preparing RStudio Project Folder Chapter 2: Basic Tasks in R Coding in R: Object-Oriented Programming Creating Data Exporting Data Importing Data Converting Variables Summary of Key Functions Chapter 3: Frequency Tables Frequency Tables with Quantitative Variables Appendix 3A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 4: Descriptive Statistics Describing Central Tendency Describing Variability Appendix 4A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Appendix 4B: Mode Function Chapter 5: Visualizing Data: Bar Charts, Histograms, and Boxplots Visualizing Categorical Variables Visualizing Quantitative Variables Visualizing and Accounting for a Second Variable Appendix 5A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 6: Evaluating Score Locations: Introducing the Normal Distribution and z Scores Getting Familiar With New Data Frames and Variables Cumulative Percentage z Scores Addressing Normality Appendix 6A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 7: Sampling Error and Confidence Intervals Monte Carlo Simulations Confidence Intervals Appendix 7A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 8: One-Sample t Test: Introduction to Statistical Significance Tests Checking Assumptions Performing One-Sample t Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 8A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Appendix 8B: One-Sample z Test Chapter 9: Significance Tests Continued: Effect Size and Power Estimating the Needed Sample Size Estimating the Obtained Power Chapter 10: Bivariate Pearson Correlation Checking Assumptions Performing Pearson′s Bivariate Correlation Considering Alternatives Appendix 10A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 11: Bivariate Regression Checking Assumptions Performing Bivariate Regression Appendix 11A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 12: Independent-Samples t Test Checking Assumptions Performing Independent-Samples t Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 12A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Appendix 12B: Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U Test Chapter 13: One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance Checking Assumptions Performing One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 13A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 14: Paired-Samples t Test Checking Assumptions Performing Paired-Samples t Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 14A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 15: One-Way Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance Checking Assumptions Performing One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 15A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 16: Factorial Analysis of Variance Checking Assumptions Performing Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA Tests Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 16A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Appendix 16B: Converting Education Variable to Dichotomous Variable Chapter 17: Chi-Square (?2) Test of Independence Checking Assumptions Performing Chi-Square (?2) Tests of Independence Presenting Results Considering Alternatives Appendix 17A: R Instructions to Accompany Warner (2020a) Chapter 18: Parting THoughts About R Moving Forward Continuing to Learn R References

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Book SynopsisApplied Statistics I:Basic Bivariate Techniques has been created from the first half of Rebecca M. Warner's popular Applied Statistics: From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques. The author's contemporary approach differs from some of the well-worn texts in the market, and reflects current thinking in the field. It spends less time on statistical significance testing, and moves in the direction of the new statistics by focusing more on confidence intervals and effect size. Instructors of upper undergraduate or beginning graduate level courses will find that the greater focus on basic concepts such as partition of variance and effect size is more useful to students, particularly as preparation for more advanced courses. Spending less time on statistical significance testing allows for more time to be devoted to more interesting and useful statistics that students will see in journal articles (such as correlation and regression). This introductory statisticTable of Contents1. Evaluating Numeric Information Introduction Guidelines for Numeracy Source Credibility Message Content Evaluating Generalizability Making Causal Claims Quality Control Mechanisms in Science Biases of Information Consumers Ethical Issues in Data Collection and Analysis Lying with Graphs and Statistics Degrees of Belief Summary 2. Basic Research Concepts Introduction Types of Variables Independent and Dependent Variables Typical Research Questions Conditions for Causal Inference Experimental Research Design Non-experimental Research Design Quasi- Experimental Designs Other Issues in Design and Analysis Choice of Statistical Analysis (Preview) Populations and Samples: Ideal Versus Actual Situations Common Problems in Interpretation of Results Appendix 2 A: More About Levels of Measurement Appendix 2 B: Justification for Use of Likert and Other Rating Scales as Quantitative Variables (In Some Situations) 3. Frequency Distribution Tables Introduction Use of Frequency Tables for Data Screening Frequency Tables for Categorical Variables Elements of Frequency Tables Using SPSS to Obtain a Frequency Table Mode, Impossible Score Values, and Missing Values Reporting Data Screening for Categorical Variables Frequency Tables for Quantitative Variables Frequency Tables for Categorical Versus Quantitative Variables Reporting Data Screening for Quantitative Variables What We Hope to See in Frequency Tables for Categorical Variables What We Hope to See in Frequency Tables for Quantitative Variables Summary Appendix 3 A: Getting Started in IBM SPSS ® version 25 Appendix 3 B: Missing Values in Frequency Tables Appendix 3 C: Dividing Scores into Groups or Bins 4. Descriptive Statistics Introduction Questions about Quantitative Variables Notation Sample Median Sample Mean (M) An Important Characteristic of M: Sum of Deviations from M = 0 Disadvantage of M: It is Not Robust Against Influence of Extreme Scores Behavior of Mean, Median and Mode in Common Real-World Situations Choosing Among Mean, Median, and Mode Using SPSS to Obtain Descriptive Statistics for a Quantitative Variable Minimum, Maximum, and Range: Variation among Scores The Sample Variance s2 Sample Standard Deviation (s or SD) How a Standard Deviation Describes Variation Among Scores in a Frequency Table Why Is There Variance? Reports of Descriptive Statistics in Journal Articles Additional Issues in Reporting Descriptive Statistics Summary Appendix 4 A Order of Arithmetic Operations Appendix 4 B Rounding 5. Graphs: Bar Charts, Histograms, and Box Plots Introduction Pie Charts for Categorical Variables Bar Charts for Frequencies of Categorical Variables Good Practice for Construction of Bar Charts Deceptive Bar Graphs Histograms for Quantitative Variables Obtaining a Histogram Using SPSS Describing and Sketching Bell-Shaped Distributions Good Practices in Setting up Histograms Box Plot (Box and Whiskers Plot) Telling Stories About Distributions Uses of Graphs in Actual Research Data Screening: Separate Bar Charts or Histograms for Groups Use of Bar Charts to Represent Group Means Other Examples Summary 6. The Normal Distribution and z Scores Introduction Locations of Individual Scores in Normal Distributions Standardized or “z” Scores Converting z Scores Back into Original Units of X Understanding Values of z Qualitative Description of Normal Distribution Shape More Precise Description of Normal Distribution Shape Reading Tables of Areas for the Standard Normal Distribution Dividing the Normal Distribution Into Three Regions: Lower Tail, Middle, Upper Tail Outliers Relative to a Normal Distribution Summary of First Part of Chapter Why We Assess Distribution Shape Departure from Normality: Skewness Another Departure from Normality: Kurtosis Overall Normality Practical Recommendations Reporting Information About Distribution Shape, Missing Values, Outliers, and Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Variables Summary Appendix 6 A: The Mathematics of the Normal Distribution Appendix 6 B: How to Select and Remove Outliers in SPSS Appendix 6 C: Quantitative Assessments of Departure from Normality Appendix 6 D: Why Are Some Real-World Variables Approximately Normally Distributed? 7. Sampling Error and Confidence Intervals Descriptive Versus Inferential Uses of Statistics Notations for Samples Versus Populations Sampling Error and the Sampling Distribution for Values of M Prediction Error Sample Versus Population (Revisited) The Central Limit Theorem: Characteristics of the Sampling Distribution of M Factors that Influence Population Standard Error Effect of N on Value of the Population Standard Error Describing the Location of a Single Outcome for M Relative to a Population Sampling Distribution (Setting Up a z Ratio) What We Do When ?? Is Unknown The Family of t Distributions Tables for t Distributions Using Sampling Error to Set Up a Confidence Interval How to Interpret a Confidence Interval Empirical Example: Confidence Interval for Body Temperature Other Applications for CIs Error Bars in Graphs of Group Means Summary 8. The One-Sample t test: Introduction to Statistical Significance Tests Introduction Significance Tests as Yes/No Questions About Proposed Values of Population Means Stating a Null Hypothesis Selecting an Alternative Hypothesis The One-Sample t Test Choosing an Alpha (?) Level Specifying Reject Regions Based on ?, Halt and df Questions for the One-Sample t Test Assumptions for the Use of the One-Sample t Test Rules for the Use of NHST First Example: Mean Driving Speed (Nondirectional Test) SPSS Analysis: One Sample t Test for Mean Driving Speed “Exact” p Values Reporting Results for a Two-tailed One-Sample t Test The Driving Speed Data Reconsidered Using a One-Tailed Test Reporting Results for a One-tailed One-Sample t Test: Advantages/ Disadvantages of One Tailed Tests Traditional NHST Versus New Statistics Recommendations Things You Should Not Say About p Values Summary 9. Issues in Significance Tests: Effect Size, Statistical Power, and Decision Errors Beyond p Values Cohen’s d: An Effect Size Index Factors that Affect the Size of t Ratios Statistical Significance Versus Practical Importance Statistical Power Type I and Type II Decision Errors Meanings of “Error” Use of NHST in Exploratory Versus Confirmatory Research Inflated Risk of Type I Error From Multiple Tests Interpretation of Null Outcomes Interpretation of Null Outcomes Interpretation of Statistically Significant Outcomes Understanding Past Research Planning Future Research Guidelines for Reporting Results What You Cannot Say Summary Appendix 9 A Further Explanation of Statistical Power 10. Bivariate Pearson Correlation Research Situations Where Pearson r Is Used Correlation and Causal Inference How Sign and Magnitude of r Describe an X, Y Relationship Setting Up Scatter Plots With Examples of Perfect Linearity Most Associations Are Not Perfect Different Situations In Which r = 0 Assumptions for Use of Pearson r Preliminary Data Screening for Pearson r Effect of Extreme Bivariate Outliers Research Example Data Screening for Research Example Computation of Pearson r How Computation for Correlation Is Related to Pattern of Data Points in the Scatter Plot Testing the Hypothesis That ?0 = 0 Reporting Many Correlations and Inflated Risk of Type I Error Obtaining CIs for Correlations Pearson’s r and r2 as Effect-Size Indexes and Partition of Variance Statistical Power and Sample Size for Correlation Studies Interpretation of Outcomes for Pearson’s r SPSS Example Results Sections for One and Several Pearson r Values Reasons to Be Skeptical of Correlations Summary Appendix 10 A: Nonparametric Alternatives to Pearson r Appendix 10 B: Setting Up a 95% CI for Pearson r Appendix 10 C: Testing Significance of Differences Between Correlations Appendix 10 D: Factors That Artifactually Influence the Magnitude of Pearson’s r Appendix 10 E: Analysis of Non Linear Relationships 11. Bivariate Regression Research Situations Where Bivariate Regression is Used New Information Provided by Regression Regression Equations and Lines Two Versions of Regression Equations Steps in Regression Analysis Preliminary Data Screening Formulas for Bivariate Regression Coefficients Statistical Significance Tests for Bivariate Regression Confidence Intervals for Regression Coefficients Effect Size and Statistical Power Empirical Example Using SPSS: Salary Data SPSS Output: Salary Data Plotting the Regression Line: Salary Data Results Section: Salary Data Using Regression Equation to Predict Score for Individual: Joe’s Hr Data Partition of SS in Bivariate Regression: Joe’s Hr Data Issues in Planning a Bivariate Regression Study Plotting Residuals Standard Error of the Estimate, sy.x Summary Appendix 11 A OLS Derivation of Equation for Regression Coefficients Appendix 11 B Fully Worked Example for SS values: Joe’s HR Data 12. The Independent Samples t Test Research Situations Where the Independent Samples t Test is Used Hypothetical Research Example Assumptions for Use of the Independent Samples t Test Preliminary Data Screening: Evaluating Violations of Assumptions and Getting to Know Your Data Computation of Independent Samples t Test Statistical Significance of Independent Samples t Test Confidence Interval Around (M1 – M2) SPSS Commands for Independent Samples t Test SPSS Output for Independent Samples t Test Effect-Size Indexes for t Factors that Influence the Size of t Results Section Graphing Results: Means and CIs Decisions About Sample Size for the Independent Samples t Test Issues in Designing a Study Summary Appendix 12 A: A Nonparametric Alternative to the Independent Samples t Test 13. One-Way Between-S Analysis of Variance Research Situations Where Between-S One-Way ANOVA is Used Questions in One-Way Between S ANOVA Hypothetical Research Example Assumptions and Data Screening for One-Way ANOVA Computations for One-Way Between-S ANOVA Patterns of Scores and Magnitudes of SSbetween and SSwithin Confidence Intervals (CIs) For Group Means Effect Sizes for One-Way Between-S ANOVA Statistical Power Analysis for One-Way Between-S ANOVA Planned Contrasts Post Hoc or “Protected” Tests One Way Between S ANOVA Procedure in SPSS Output from SPSS for One Way Between S ANOVA Reporting Results from One Way Between S ANOVA Issues in Planning a Study Summary Appendix A ANOVA Model and Division of Scores Into Components Appendix B Expected Value of F When H0 is True Appendix C Comparison of ANOVA to t Test Appendix D Nonparametric Alternative to One Way Between S ANOVA 14. Paired Samples t-Test Independent Versus Paired Samples Designs Between-S and Within-S or Paired Groups Designs Types of Paired Samples Hypothetical Study: Effects of Stress on Heart Rate Review: Data Organization for Independent Samples New: Data Organization for Paired Samples A First Look at Repeated Measures Data Calculation of Difference (d) Scores Null Hypothesis for Paired Samples t Test Assumptions for Paired Samples t Test Formulas for Paired Samples t Test SPSS Paired Samples t Test Procedure Comparison of Results For Independent Samples t and Paired Samples t Tests Effect Size and Power Some Design Problems in Repeated Measures Designs Results for Paired Samples t-Test: Stress and HR Further Evaluation of Assumptions for Larger Dataset Summary Appendix A Nonparametric Alternative to Paired Samples t: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test 15. One Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Introduction Null Hypothesis for Repeated Measures ANOVA Preliminary Assessment of Repeated Measures Data Computations for One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Use of SPSS Reliability Procedure for One Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Partition of SS in Between-S Versus Within-S ANOVA Assumptions for Repeated Measures ANOVA Choices of Contrasts in GLM Repeated Measures SPSS GLM Procedure for Repeated Measures ANOVA Output for GLM Repeated Measures ANOVA Paired Samples t Tests as Follow Up Results Effect Size Statistical Power Counterbalancing in Repeated Measures Studies More Complex Designs Summary Appendix 15 A Test for Person by Treatment Interaction 16. Factorial Analysis of Variance (Between – S) Research Situations Where Factorial Design Is Used Questions in Factorial ANOVA Null Hypotheses in Factorial ANOVA Screening for Violations of Assumptions Hypothetical Research Situation Computations for Between-S Factorial ANOVA Computation of SS, df, and MS in Two Way Factorial Effect Size Estimates for Factorial ANOVA Statistical Power Follow-Up Tests Factorial ANOVA Using the SPSS GLM Procedure SPSS Output Results Design Decisions and Magnitudes of SS Terms Summary Appendix 16 A: Unequal Cell ns in Factorial ANOVA Appendix 16 B: Weighted Versus Unweighted Means Appendix 16 C: Model for Factorial ANOVA Appendix 16 D: Fixed Versus Random Factors 17. Chi Square Analysis of Contingency Tables Evaluating Association Between Two Categorical Variables First Example: Contingency Tables for Titanic Data What is Contingency? Conditional and Unconditional Probabilities Null Hypothesis for Contingency Table Analysis Second Empirical Example: Dog Ownership Data Preliminary Examination of Dog Ownership Data Expected Cell Frequencies If H0 True Computation of Chi Squared Significance Test Evaluation of Statistical Significance of ?2. Effect Sizes for Chi Squared Chi Squared Example Using SPSS Output from Crosstabs Procedure Reporting Results Assumptions and Data Screening For Contingency Tables Other Measures of Association for Contingency Tables Summary Appendix 17 A: Margin of Error For Percentages in Surveys Appendix 17 B: Contingency Tables With Repeated Measures: McNemar Test Appendix 17 C: Fisher Exact Test Appendix 17 D: How Marginal Distributions for X and Y Constrain Maximum Value of ?? Appendix 17 E: Other Uses of ?2 18. Selection of Bivariate Analyses and Review of Key Concepts Selecting Appropriate Bivariate Analyses Types of Independent and Dependent Variables (Categorical Versus Quantitative) Parametric Versus Nonparametric Analyses Comparisons of Means or Medians Across Groups (Categorical IV and Quantitative DV) Problems with Selective Reporting of Evidence and Analyses Limitations of Statistical Significance Tests and p Values Statistical Versus Practical Significance Generalizability Issues Causal Inference Results Sections Beyond Bivariate Analyses: Adding Variables Some Multivariable or Multivariate Analyses Degrees of Belief

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Book SynopsisThis book explains all aspects of mixed model analysis without mathematical jargon, so that non-statisticians can understand the basic principles, analyze their own data, and interpret the results with confidence. Worked examples are analyzed with STATA, and all datasets are available for download, equipping readers to replicate the methods.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic principles of mixed model analysis; 3. What is gained by using mixed model analysis?; 4. Logistic mixed model analysis; 5. Mixed model analysis with other outcomes; 6. Explaining differences between groups; 7. Multivariable modelling; 8. Predictions based on mixed model analysis; 9. Mixed model analysis for longitudinal data; 10. Multivariate mixed model analysis; 11. Sample size calculations; 12. Some loose ends.

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Book SynopsisAddresses the impacts of data mining on education and reviews applications in educational research teaching, and learning This book discusses the insights, challenges, issues, expectations, and practical implementation of data mining (DM) within educational mandates. Initial series of chapters offer a general overview of DM, Learning Analytics (LA), and data collection models in the context of educational research, while also defining and discussing data mining's four guiding principles prediction, clustering, rule association, and outlier detection. The next series of chapters showcase the pedagogical applications of Educational Data Mining (EDM) and feature case studies drawn from Business, Humanities, Health Sciences, Linguistics, and Physical Sciences education that serve to highlight the successes and some of the limitations of data mining research applications in educational settings. The remaining chapters focus exclusively on EDM's emerging role in helping to aTable of ContentsNotes on Contributors xi Introduction: Education At Computational Crossroads xxiiiSamira ElAtia, Donald Ipperciel, and Osmar R. Zaïane Part I At The Intersection of Two Fields: EDM 1 Chapter 1 Educational Process Mining: A Tutorial and Case Study Using Moodle Data Sets 3Cristóbal Romero, Rebeca Cerezo, Alejandro Bogarín, and Miguel Sanchez‐Santillán 1.1 Background 5 1.2 Data Description and Preparation 7 1.2.1 Preprocessing Log Data 7 1.2.2 Clustering Approach for Grouping Log Data 11 1.3 Working with ProM 16 1.3.1 Discovered Models 19 1.3.2 Analysis of the Models’ Performance 23 1.4 Conclusion 26 Acknowledgments 27 References 27 Chapter 2 On Big Data And Text Mining in the Humanities29Geoffrey Rockwell and Bettina Berendt 2.1 Busa and the Digital Text 30 2.2 Thesaurus Linguae Graecae and the Ibycus Computer as Infrastructure 32 2.2.1 Complete Data Sets 33 2.3 Cooking with Statistics 35 2.4 Conclusions 37 References 38 Chapter 3 Finding Predictors in Higher Education41David Eubanks, William Evers Jr., and Nancy Smith 3.1 Contrasting Traditional and Computational Methods 42 3.2 Predictors and Data Exploration 45 3.3 Data Mining Application: An Example 50 3.4 Conclusions 52 References 53 Chapter 4 Educational Data Mining: A MOOC Experience55Ryan S. Baker, Yuan Wang, Luc Paquette, Vincent Aleven, Octav Popescu, Jonathan Sewall, Carolyn Rosé, Gaurav Singh Tomar, Oliver Ferschke, Jing Zhang, Michael J. Cennamo, Stephanie Ogden, Therese Condit, José Diaz, Scott Crossley, Danielle S. McNamara, Denise K. Comer, Collin F. Lynch, Rebecca Brown, Tiffany Barnes, and Yoav Bergner 4.1 Big Data in Education: The Course 55 4.1.1 Iteration 1: Coursera 55 4.1.2 Iteration 2: edX 56 4.2 Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools 57 4.3 Bazaar 58 4.4 Walkthrough 58 4.4.1 Course Content 58 4.4.2 Research on BDEMOOC 61 4.5 Conclusion 65 Acknowledgments 65 References 65 Chapter 5 Data Mining and Action Research 67Ellina Chernobilsky, Edith Ries, and Joanne Jasmine 5.1 Process 69 5.2 Design Methodology 71 5.3 Analysis and Interpretation of Data 72 5.3.1 Quantitative Data Analysis and Interpretation 73 5.3.2 Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation 74 5.4 Challenges 75 5.5 Ethics 76 5.6 Role of Administration in the Data Collection Process 76 5.7 Conclusion 77 References 77 Part II Pedagogical Applications of EDM79 Chapter 6 Design of an Adaptive Learning System and Educational Data Mining81Zhiyong Liu and Nick Cercone 6.1 Dimensionalities of the User Model in ALS 83 6.2 Collecting Data for ALS 85 6.3 Data Mining in ALS 86 6.3.1 Data Mining for User Modeling 87 6.3.2 Data Mining for Knowledge Discovery 88 6.4 ALS Model and Function Analyzing 90 6.4.1 Introduction of Module Functions 90 6.4.2 Analyzing the Workflow 93 6.5 Future Works 94 6.6 Conclusions 94 Acknowledgment 95 References 95 Chapter 7 The “Geometry” of Naive Bayes: Teaching Probabilities by “Drawing” Them99Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio 7.1 Introduction 99 7.1.1 Main Contribution 100 7.1.2 Related Works 101 7.2 The Geometry of NB Classification 102 7.2.1 Mathematical Notation 102 7.2.2 Bayesian Decision Theory 103 7.3 Two-Dimensional Probabilities 105 7.3.1 Working with Likelihoods and Priors Only 107 7.3.2 De‐normalizing Probabilities 108 7.3.3 NB Approach 109 7.3.4 Bernoulli Naïve Bayes 110 7.4 A New Decision Line: Far from the Origin 111 7.4.1 De‐normalization Makes (Some) Problems Linearly Separable 112 7.5 Likelihood Spaces, When Logarithms make a Difference (or a SUM) 114 7.5.1 De‐normalization Makes (Some) Problems Linearly Separable 115 7.5.2 A New Decision in Likelihood Spaces 116 7.5.3 A Real Case Scenario: Text Categorization 117 7.6 Final Remarks 118 References 119 Chapter 8 Examining the Learning Networks of a MOOC121Meaghan Brugha and Jean‐Paul Restoule 8.1 Review of Literature 122 8.2 Course Context 124 8.3 Results and Discussion 125 8.4 Recommendations for Future Research 133 8.5 Conclusions 134 References 135 Chapter 9 Exploring the Usefulness of Adaptive ELearning Laboratory Environments in Teaching Medical Science139Thuan Thai and Patsie Polly 9.1 Introduction 139 9.2 Software for Learning and Teaching 141 9.2.1 Reflective Practice: ePortfolio 141 9.2.2 Online Quizzes 143 9.2.3 Online Practical Lessons 144 9.2.4 Virtual Laboratories 145 9.2.5 The Gene Suite 147 9.3 Potential Limitations 152 9.4 Conclusion 153 Acknowledgments 153 References 154 Chapter 10 Investigating Co‐Occurrence Patterns of Learners’ Grammatical Errors across Proficiency Levels and Essay Topics Based on Association Analysis 157Yutaka Ishii 10.1 Introduction 157 10.1.1 The Relationship between Data Mining and Educational Research 157 10.1.2 English Writing Instruction in the Japanese Context 158 10.2 Literature Review 159 10.3 Method 160 10.3.1 Konan‐JIEM Learner Corpus 160 10.3.2 Association Analysis 162 10.4 Experiment 1 162 10.5 Experiment 2 163 10.6 Discussion and Conclusion 164 Appendix A: Example of Learner’s Essay (University Life) 164 Appendix B: Support Values of all Topics 165 Appendix C: Support Values of Advanced, Intermediate, and Beginner Levels of Learners 168 References 169 Part III EDM and Educational Research 173 Chapter 11 Mining Learning Sequences in MOOCs: Does Course Design Constrain Students’ Behaviors Or Do Students Shape Their Own Learning? 175Lorenzo Vigentini, Simon McIntyre, Negin Mirriahi, and Dennis Alonzo 11.1 Introduction 175 11.1.1 Perceptions and Challenges of MOOC Design 176 11.1.2 What Do We Know About Participants’ Navigation: Choice and Control 177 11.2 Data Mining in MOOCs: Related Work 178 11.2.1 Setting the Hypotheses 179 11.3 The Design and Intent of the LTTO MOOC 180 11.3.1 Course Grading and Certification 183 11.3.2 Delivering the Course 183 11.3.3 Operationalize Engagement, Personal Success, and Course Success in LTTO 184 11.4 Data Analysis 184 11.4.1 Approaches to Process the Data Sources 185 11.4.2 LTTO in Numbers 186 11.4.3 Characterizing Patterns of Completion and Achievement 186 11.4.4 Redefining Participation and Engagement 189 11.5 Mining Behaviors and Intents 191 11.5.1 Participants’ Intent and Behaviors: A Classification Model 191 11.5.2 Natural Clustering Based on Behaviors 194 11.5.3 Stated Intents and Behaviors: Are They Related? 198 11.6 Closing the Loop: Informing Pedagogy and Course Enhancement 198 11.6.1 Conclusions, Lessons Learnt, and Future Directions 200 References 201 Chapter 12 Understanding Communication Patterns in MOOCs: Combining Data Mining and Qualitative Methods 207Rebecca Eynon, Isis Hjorth, Taha Yasseri, and Nabeel Gillani 12.1 Introduction 207 12.2 Methodological Approaches to Understanding Communication Patterns in MOOCs 209 12.3 Description 210 12.3.1 Structural Connections 211 12.4 Examining Dialogue 213 12.5 Interpretative Models 214 12.6 Understanding Experience 215 12.7 Experimentation 216 12.8 Future Research 217 References 218 Chapter 13 An Example of Data Mining: Exploring The Relationship Between Applicant Attributes and Academic Measures of Success in a Pharmacy Program 223Dion Brocks and Ken Cor 13.1 Introduction 223 13.2 Methods 225 13.3 Results 228 13.4 Discussion 230 13.4.1 Prerequisite Predictors 230 13.4.2 Demographic Predictors 232 13.5 Conclusion 234 Appendix A 234 References 236 Chapter 14 A New Way of Seeing: Using a Data Mining Approach to Understand Children’s Views of Diversity and “Difference” in Picture Books237Robin A. Moeller and Hsin‐liang Chen 14.1 Introduction 237 14.2 Study 1: Using Data Mining to Better Understand Perceptions of Race 238 14.2.1 Background 238 14.2.2 Research Questions 239 14.2.3 Methods 240 14.2.4 Findings 240 14.2.5 Discussion 248 14.3 Study 2: Translating Data Mining Results to Picture Book Concepts of “Difference” 248 14.3.1 Background 248 14.3.2 Research Questions 249 14.3.3 Methodology 250 14.3.4 Findings 250 14.3.5 Discussion and Implications 252 14.4 Conclusions 252 References 252 Chapter 15 Data Mining with Natural Language Processing and Corpus Linguistics: Unlocking Access to School Children’s Language in Diverse Contexts to Improve Instructional and Assessment Practices255Alison L. Bailey, Anne Blackstock‐Bernstein, Eve Ryan, and Despina Pitsoulakis 15.1 Introduction 255 15.2 Identifying the Problem 256 15.3 Use of Corpora and Technology in Language Instruction and Assessment 261 15.3.1 Language Corpora in ESL and EFL Teaching and Learning 261 15.3.2 Previous Extensions of Corpus Linguistics to School‐Age Language 262 15.3.3 Corpus Linguistics in Language Assessment 263 15.3.4 Big Data Purposes, Techniques, and Technology 264 15.4 Creating a School‐Age Learner Corpus and Digital Data Analytics System 266 15.4.1 Language Measures Included in DRGON 267 15.4.2 The DLLP as a Promising Practice 268 15.5 Next Steps, “Modest Data,” and Closing Remarks 269 Acknowledgments 271 Appendix A: Examples of Oral and Written Explanation Elicitation Prompts 272 References 272 Index 277

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Book SynopsisStimulating and developing the creative potential of all members of an organisation is widely seen as contributing to performance and results. This prestigious textbook provides a complete overview of the creative problem-solving process and its relevance to modern managers in the private and public sectors. It introduces ideas, skills and models to help students understand how creative thinking can aid problem solving, and how different techniques may help people who have different thinking and learning styles.This updated fifth edition includes fresh case studies, exercises and suggested reading, alongside extensive diagrams and thought-provoking questions. A new chapter considers the use of heuristics in decision-making situations faced by managers, and examines how aspects of creative problem solving can relate to such situations. It also introduces a complex in-tray exercise, which demonstrates how the conflicting demands on an individual manager can be considered in praTrade ReviewIn Creative Problem Solving, Tony Proctor dispenses readers with rich examples of ideation techniques, as well as challenging the readers to question fundamental issues and develop their own capabilities. Proctor showers readers with easy-to-use techniques that have the potential to transform anyone into a genius level creative thinker and problem solver. The author explains and shares good practices for managers to avoid arriving at the same old answers to problems. Proctor offers plenty of techniques that today’s readers can use to bridge the creativity gap and unleash their hidden potential in problem solving.Creative Problem Solving is full of practical guidance, as well as case studies to illustrate the key points. It provides the latest guide for generating new ideas – including a chapter to explain the range of computer software, apps, photographs and videos that can act as a spurt to ideation. This book is invaluable reading for undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA courses, as well as being particularly useful in ongoing professional development courses for managers. Dr Kim Hua Tan, Professor of Operations and Innovation Management, Nottingham University Business SchoolCreativity is a life skill for leaders, managers, decision makers and students. The fifth edition of Creative Problem Solving provides excellent techniques to creative and critical thinking. I have used cases, techniques, methods and examples from Tony Proctor’s book in my teaching, which will help my students to acquire skills in high demand in business and government to solve complex problems. Dr Wahabalbari Ahmed, Lecturer in Economics, Birmingham City University Business SchoolCreative Problem Solving is very supportive of a practice-led approach to management education, at a time when creative thinking skills are increasingly necessary across organisations of all sizes and sectors. Drawing on comprehensive and in-depth theoretical support, it offers lots of useful practical cases and examples to stimulate critical analysis and debate. I have used previous editions as a core text and continue to do so with postgraduate students locally and globally to support decision making, problem solving and exploration of opportunities.Dr Pauline Loewenberger, Senior Lecturer, University of Bedfordshire Business SchoolTable of Contents1. Creativity and its Importance in Business 2. Blocks to Creativity 3. Theories of Creativity 4. Problem Solving and Improvisation 5. Factors Influencing People's Ability to Undertake Ideation 6. Objective Finding, Fact Finding and Problem Finding/Definition 7. Morphological Analysis and Related Techniques 8. Brainstorming and its Variants 9. Lateral Thinking and Associated Methods 10. Synectics 11. Paradigm Breaking Techniques 12. Miscellaneous Ideation Techniques 13. Evaluation 14. Implementing Ideas 15. Computer-Assisted Creative Problem Solving 16. Decision Making and Creative Problem Solving

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume brings together experienced scholars who conduct and teach embodied research to and establish effective strategies for exploring experience through nonverbal communication, subjective sensory and proprioceptive states, and body-centered imagery.Trade Review"With this volume, Jennifer Tantia continues her extended efforts to weave together what began half a century ago as a widespread and often competitive collection of brilliant healers, craftspeople, therapists, and visionaries into a community focusing on shared models of public education, professional trainings, and research-grounded theories. Dr Tantia has played a difficult and crucial role, facing a number of practitioners who often resist what they see as the intrusions of critical thinking into their personal views of their works. She has worked skilfully over a number of years to show that without collaborative and critical research, our works are confined to a small population of people who have the money and leisure to profit from them. Her support of reflective thinking about these works, and her gathering of the thoughtful people in this and other volumes, to these new modes of healing and transformation — opens the doors to the public access now accorded to biomedicine and certain approaches to psychotherapy." — Don Hanlon Johnson, Professor of Somatics, California Institute of Integral Studies, USA"The concept of embodiment has been sadly underrepresented in research methodologies to date, possibly due to the challenges it might bring to traditional researchers. These chapters serve to explore rationales for addressing embodiment in both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms helping to provide a platform for future researchers to build their proposal. I congratulate the editor Dr. Jennifer Tantia and all the authors, for this much-needed contribution to research methodology" — Professor Helen Payne, PhD, UKCP Reg. Psychotherapist and ADMP UK Reg. Dance Movement Psychotherapist"This volume restores much needed embodied intimacy to ways of knowing that are full of texture and meaning." — Les Todres, Emeritus Professor, Bournemouth University, UK"This latest volume continues to successfully unpack ‘embodiment’ as a conceptual frame for research. The carefully curated chapters powerfully add to a growing literature that places experiencing at the very heart of understanding the body’s own logic without negating other forms of data. This practical and rigorous volume is a must-read for students, somatic practitioners and researchers." — Kevin Krycka, Associate Dean of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Psychology, Seattle University, USA. Chair, Gendlin Center for Research"Applications of embodied research are still novel and require discernment, even for those who know something about knowing through and with the body. The book brings together the many conceptualizations of embodiment and presents an array of approaches. The thought provoking collection of cases invites the reader to explore their nuances and learn to communicate nonverbal discoveries." — Tomoyo Kawano, Director, Dance/Movement Therapy Program at Antioch University, USATable of ContentsPart I: Concepts in Embodied Research Chapter 1: Embodied Research Design: A Transformational Paradigm in Scientific Discovery Chapter 2: Open and Reflective Research: Methodological Reflections on the Importance of Body Awareness in Qualitative Research Chapter 3: The Concept Of "Felt Sense" In Embodied Knowing and Action Chapter 4: Embodied Data: Toward a Vocabulary for Somatic and Movement Experience Chapter 5: Ethical Considerations in Embodied Research; Part II: Methods and Cases; Somatic Systems of Analysis Chapter 6: Methods for Measuring Embodiment, An Instrument: The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) Chapter 7: Empirical Evidence of the Embodiment Awareness Changes in Somatic Focused Gestalt Psychotherapy Chapter 8: Somatic Phenomenology: Maps of Body-Felt Experience; Movement Systems of Analysis Chapter 9: The Three Pillars of Movement Observation and Analysis – A Brief Introduction to the LMA, KMP and MPI Chapter 10: Embodied and Nonverbal Indices of Stress in Intergenerational Transmission Chapter 11: The Skillful Analyst: Investigating, Analyzing, And Reflecting on Movement Behavior Through Embodied Knowledge; Embodied Interviews and Observations Chapter 12: Ethnomethdologically Informed Ethnography: Recognising the Potential and Limitations of The Researcher’s Body as Tool for Exploring Embodied Practice Chapter 13: Beyond Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Using Body Awareness and Mindfulness Meditation Practices to Research Body Psychotherapy Chapter 14: The Body-Focused Interview: Explicating the Implicit in Embodied Research Chapter 15: Embodied Writing Research Applications: Giving the Body "Voice" Through the Vehicle of Words; Creative and Mixed Methods Chapter 16: Body Stories: Researching and Performing the Embodied Experience of Oppression Chapter 17: The Somatic Impact of War and Flight on the Agent Bodies of Refugee Women in Germany: A Mixed-Method Approach Including Movement and Body Image Sculptures Chapter 18: Aesthetic Answering: A Method of Embodied Analysis and Arts-Based Research in Creative Arts Therapies Chapter 19: Mixed Methods for Evaluating Embodied Processes in Higher Education

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Book SynopsisChanging Art into Research: Soliloquy Methodology presents a research methodology that enables inquiry into one's personal experiences in an endeavour to reveal essential commonalities of human experience. Arts-informed research methods are becoming increasingly popular with scholars in Arts, Education and the Social Sciences, but there is often confusion about how to turn arts practice into rigorous inquiry.This book examines the theoretical perspectives needed to inform these research approaches, which are often missing in methods teaching and research. Soliloquy is a new methodology that interprets and applies Husserl's philosophical concept of Transcendental Phenomenology. It marries together the synthesizing powers of the unconscious mind with the analytical capacities of conscious cognition and articulation. It further explores the possibility that both cognitive and intuitive ways of knowing are valid and appropriate for academic inquiry, provided theTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Preface; 1. A Concise Overview of Soliloquy 2. The Co-Existing Realities of the Ephemeral and the Eternal: Aristotle and Plato 3. Intuition 4. The Theoretical Perspective of Soliloquy: Transcendental Phenomenology 5. Soliloquy for the Intuitive Researcher: The Methods; Glossary of Terms

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Book SynopsisFully revised and updated, this second edition of Participatory Action Research (PAR) provides new theoretical insights and many robust tools that will guide researchers, professionals and students from all disciplines through the process of conducting action research with' people rather than for' them or about' them.PAR is collective reasoning and evidence-based learning focussed on social action. It has immediate relevance in fields ranging from community development to education, health, public engagement, environmental issues and problem solving in the workplace. This new edition has been extensively revised to create a user-friendly textbook on PAR theory and practice, including: updated references and a comprehensive overview of different approaches to PAR (pragmatic, psychosocial, critical); more emphasis on the art of process design, especially in complex social settings characterized by uncertainty and the unknown; Trade Review"This groundbreaking book is a rich resource of concepts and tools for all who are engaged with the practice and theory of Participatory Action Research. Drawing on their lifetimes of experience and innovation, the authors take an open and inclusive approach to strengthening the foundations and diversifying the methods of engaged research. The extraordinary scope of this book and the new perspectives it offers, together with an accessible style, will inform, provoke and inspire field practitioners and academics alike to creatively design research for the many challenges of the 21st century." - Robert Chambers, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK "Chevalier and Buckles have improved on an already exceptionally helpful book I used in my teaching at Cornell University, with great success. They now combine thoughtful explorations of mid-range theories on problem-solving, stakeholder analysis, risk assessment and other foundational concepts with a wide variety of practical methods and tips for designing meaningful research. Their overview of PAR theory and guidelines on how to bridge distinct traditions now offer a well-rounded and complete teaching text." - Davydd J. Greenwood, Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology Emeritus, Cornell University, USA "This is a wonderful book. Its overview of participatory action research, including the insights of French psychosociology, is unparalleled. It bridges traditions that have operated in silos for far too long. Chevalier and Buckles also provide a wide range of ‘skilful means’ to effectively meet and reconcile the requirements of democratic participation, transformative action in concrete settings and the advancement of general knowledge." - Christian Michelot, École Centrale-Supélec, France Praise for the first edition "This book is a must for anyone seriously committed to research that ensures the authentic participation and empowerment of people from all walks of life, be they from oral or textual traditions, women or men, old or young, articulate or hesitant, outspoken or reserved." - Farida Akhter, UBINIG (Policy Research for Development Alternative), Bangladesh ". . . a wonderful compendium, replete with practical tools and techniques that bring rigour and vigour to the international dialogue among action researchers . . . This is a serious volume worth the time of any action researcher who is curious about how western (including francophone) perspectives on PAR come alive. This volume makes a significant contribution to the collective craft of scholarly practice among action researchers." - Hilary Bradbury-Huang, Oregon Health & Science University, USA Table of ContentsIntroduction Module 1: Advancing Theory 1. Ins and outs of Participatory Action Research 2. Pragmatic, psychosocial and critical PAR Module 2: Design and Facilitation 3. Planning systems that learn 4. Participatory Action Monitoring and Evaluation 5. Measuring with measure 6. Skills, process design and ethics Module 3: Exploring Problems 7. Getting to the roots 8. Participatory mapping and Citizen Science 9. Factors at play 10. Paradox Module 4: Knowing the Actors 11. Stakeholder basics 12. Making social analysis simple, but not any simpler 13. Social Analysis CLIP 14. Positions and values Module 5: Assessing Options 15. Thinking outside the box 16. Reconciling differences 17. Anticipating the future Module 6: System Thinking 18. System Dynamics 19. Domain Analysis 20. Breaking the dependency on tobacco production Conclusion

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Book SynopsisWriting with Clarity and Style, 2nd Edition, will help you to improve your writing dramatically. The book shows you how to use dozens of classical rhetorical devices to bring power, clarity, and effectiveness to your writing. You will also learn about writing styles, authorial personas, and sentence syntax as tools to make your writing interesting and persuasive. If you want to improve the appeal and persuasion of your speeches, this is also the book for you. From strategic techniques for keeping your readers engaged as you change focus, down to the choice of just the right words and phrases for maximum impact, this book will help you develop a flexible, adaptable style for all the audiences you need to address.Each chapter now includes these sections: Style Check, discussing many elements of style, including some enhanced and revised sections Define Your Terms, asking students to uTable of ContentsIntroduction Index of Tables Chapter 1: Balance Parallelism Chiasmus Antithesis Chapter 2: Emphasis I Climax Asyndeton Polysyndeton Sentential Adverb Chapter 3: Emphasis II Irony Understatement Litotes Hyperbole Chapter 4: Transition Metabasis Procatalepsis Hypophora Chapter 5: Clarity Distinctio Exemplum Amplification Metanoia Chapter 6: Syntax I Zeugma Diazeugma Prozeugma Mesozeugma Hypozeugma Syllepsis Chapter 7: Syntax II Hyperbaton Anastrophe Appositive Parenthesis Chapter 8: Figurative Language I Simile Analogy Metaphor Catachresis Chapter 9: Figurative Language II Metonymy Synecdoche Personification Chapter 10: Figurative Language III Allusion Eponym Apostrophe Transferred Epithet Chapter 11: Restatement I Anaphora Epistrophe Simploce Chapter 12: Restatement II Anadiplosis Conduplicatio Epanalepsis Chapter 13: Restatement III Diacope Epizeuxis Antimetabole Scesis Onomaton Chapter 14: Sound Alliteration Onomatopoeia Assonance Consonance Chapter 15: Drama Rhetorical Question Aporia Apophasis Anacoluthon Chapter 16: Word Play Oxymoron Pun Anthimeria Appendix A: Blog Posting Appendix B: Business Email Appendix C: Counsellor’s Report About a Client Appendix D: Graduate School Application Essay Appendix E: Short Story Appendix F: Winston Churchill—A Speaker’s Rhetoric Index

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1986, this collection of essays brings together ethnomethodological studies from key academics of the discipline, including the renowned scholar Harold Garfinkel who established and developed the field. In addition to four case studies, the volume begins and ends with two essays which discuss some of the theory employed by ethnomethodologists. The essays in this collection look at a range of areas, from truck wheel accidents and their regulation, to martial arts and alchemy and provide concise and insightful examples of the ways in which ethnomethodology can be applied to a number of settings and subjects. This work will be of interest to those studying ethnomethodology and sociology. Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Sociological indication of and the visibility criterion of real world social theorizing M. D. Baccus 2. Multipiece truck wheel accidents and their regulations M. D. Baccus 3. Kung Fu: toward a praxiological hermeneutic of the martial arts 4. Features of signs encountered in designing a notational system for transcribing lectures Christopher Pack 5. Introduction to a hermeneutics of the occult: alchemy Trent Eglin 6. On formal structures of practical actions Harold Garfinkel and Harvey Sacks; Index

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Book SynopsisIn this book and companion website you will find: A practice-oriented description of qualitative and quantitative research methods that engages rather than intimidates students Illustrations of real-life research and evaluation from different levels of social work practice, encompassing many populations Attention to the ethics and politics of research at each phase of the process, from the identification of an issue through reporting findings Exercises that provide hands-on learning opportunities in research and evaluation A historical, strengths-based perspective on research and evaluation in social work that teaches empowerment and professionalism Six in-depth, interactive, easy-to-access cases, that include data in SPSS and Excel A wealth of instructor-only resources available at www.routledgesw.com/research, including sample syllabi, links, multiple-choice, and free-response test items all linked to current EPAS standarTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements About the Authors 1. The Context of Social Work Research 2. The Politics and Ethics of Social Work Research 3. Research Problems and Research Questions 4. Single Subject Research 5. Research in Agencies and Communities 6. Qualitative Research with Dr. Robin Bonifas 7. Group Research Design 8. Sampling 9. Measurement 10. Data Collection and Data Entry 11. Descriptions of Quantitative Data 12. Bivariate Statistics and Statistical Inference 13. A Researcher’s Writing and Presentation Tools References Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisLanguage, both spoken and written, is key to understanding learning processes in the classroom. Research Methods for Classroom Discourse is for those who want to investigate spoken interaction or other discourse in the classroom. It lays out clearly the different approaches which are possible, identifying the key principles of each. It addresses the differences between them and the consequences these differences might have for teachers and researchers. Each approach is outlined in terms of practical methods advice, reasons for use, and case studies in which the approach has been used in classroom discourse. Common approaches such as conversation analysis, positioning theory, and critical discourse analysis are included alongside more specialised approaches such as discursive psychology and corpus linguistics. The context of classroom research is used to frame all discussions, with connections to other uses and applications where it can enhance the research being undertaken. TheTrade Review[This] is a very lively, readable and engaging way into the complex world of researching classroom discourse and deserves to be a ‘go-to’ text for researchers and their supervisors ... A refreshing read for more experienced (classroom discourse) researchers as the juxtaposition of the different methods and approaches, the substantive topic areas suggested and the rich collection of case examples, all create the potential to spark new connections and research ideas, as is indeed what happened to the authors in writing the book. * Classroom Discourse *By dealing both with the theoretical background as well as the practicalities of doing research the book appeals to a wide audience. The teacher researcher as well as the novice researcher can use this book as a guide to designing their research, and both would certainly benefit from the practical advice. A more experienced researcher will also find this book useful when turning their attention to classroom discourse ... It is well written and easy to follow. It leaves the reader eager to know more. * International Journal of Research and Method in Education *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Theoretical Frameworks 1. Conversation Analysis and Discursive Psychology 2. Positioning Theory 3. Thematic Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis 4. Sociolinguistics 5. Corpus Linguistics Part II: Applications 6. Identity 7. Multilingual Learners 8. Knowledge and Knowing 9. Written Texts Part III: Practical Considerations 10. Ethics 11. Data Collection 12. Transcription Decisions Glossary of Terms Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFirst published Open Access under a Creative Commons license as What is Diary Method?, this title is now also available as part of the Bloomsbury Research Methods series.This book provides an up-to-date, concise, and engaging introduction to solicited diary method, aimed at researchers and students who want to employ this methodology in their projects. Its primary focus is on the use of solicited diary method in the context of social and health-related research, but it also offers useful guidance on the everyday practice of diary-keeping. The authors draw on published research that makes use of this method, including their own independent studies involving older adults and family carers. The book opens with an overview of the development of diary techniques and a discussion of the value of the method, and provides an overview of the different ways of collecting and using diary data and techniques for analysing it. Key ethical issues are sensitively discussed. Trade Review[The authors'] considerable experience of using diary method in health and social care research, together with the many practical examples drawn from up-to-date and diverse literature, makes this an enjoyable and authentic read, as well as an important contribution to the literature ... Bartlett and Milligan have raised the profile and value of diary method as a versatile research tool. The book is an excellent starting point for academics and students who will be inspired by the many practical examples. It is also an ideal reference text for those wishing to incorporate diary method into research methods courses ... [and] has much to offer those in health and social research. I will be recommending this book to my students and colleagues. * International Journal of Research & Method in Education *Gives an excellent overview of how solicited diaries can offer researchers new insights into people’s experiences. A welcome addition to the research methods literature for anyone involved in health and social sciences research. * Jenny Hislop, Senior Researcher at the University of Oxford, UK *First easily understandable book on diary method, which comprehensively explains how to do it practically. Perfectly suitable for undergraduates. Easy to follow and good step-by-step instructions. Great chapters on sensory and audiovisual approaches and mixed methods approaches, they really add great value to the book. * Stephanie Tischler, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Austria *Table of ContentsSeries Editor Foreword 1. The Development of Diary Techniques for Research 2. Engaging with Diary Techniques 3. Practical Issues with Diary Techniques: Design and Analysis 4. The Rise of Technology and its Influences on Diary Methods 5. Exploring Issues of Participation, Control and Ethics 6. Methodological Issues and Future Directions References Index

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Book SynopsisAre you about to start your dissertation in education? Not sure what methods to use? Providing you with an invaluable starting point, this book gives practical information about a variety of research methods, including their pros and cons, things you need to consider before using each method and crucially, what they are not suitable for. It looks at the most commonly used methods as well as some you might not have come across before. Each chapter features examples and activities, and will help you answer these questions:- What can this method tell me?- When might I use it?- What ethical issues do I need to consider?- What is the key terminology I need to know?- How can I design a dissertation project with this method?- How do I analyse my data?- What is this method not suitable for? Written in uncomplicated language, it is a student-friendly resource to dip into, with links to further reading for more in-depth exploration of any particular method.Trade ReviewAccessible, clear and engaging – what an excellent resource for anyone embarking upon an undergraduate dissertation in education! The helpful structure and strong navigation facilitate efficient identification of relevant material for the reader. * Nick Gee, Dean of Faculty, Bishop Grosseteste University, UK *Full of helpful advice, tips, and guidance about different research methods and approaches, this book is an invaluable resource for students embarking on their dissertations. * Robert Lawson, Associate Professor in Sociolinguistics, Birmingham City University, UK *Table of ContentsIntroduction: How to Use this Book, Abigail Parrish (University of Sheffield, UK) and Ghazal Shaikh (University of Sindh, Pakistan) Part I: Commonly Used Methods 1. Interviews, Ghazal Shaikh (University of Sindh, Pakistan) 2. Focus groups, Elizabeth Bailey (University of Lincoln, UK) 3. Questionnaires, Abigail Parrish (University of Sheffield, UK) 4. Observations, Géraldine Bengsch (King's College London, UK) Part II: Further Qualitative Methods 5. Document Analysis, Sheikha Al Sheyadi (Oman Tourism College, Oman) 6. Discourse Analysis, Asadullah Lashari (University of Sindh, Pakistan) 7. Ethnography, Ambreen Shahriar and Asadullah Lashari (University of Sindh, Pakistan) 8. Netnography, Kevin McLaughlin (Bishop Grosseteste University, UK) 9. Visual Data, Jayme Scally (University of Hawai’i at Manoa, USA) 10. Think-aloud Protocols Hassan Syed (Sukkur IBA University, Pakistan) Part III: Further Quantitative Methods 11. Reaction time Methods, Jelena O’Reilly (University of York, UK) 12. Experimental Designs, Verónica García Castro (University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica) References Index

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Book SynopsisFirst published Open Access under a Creative Commons license as What is Qualitative Interviewing?, this title is now also available as part of the Bloomsbury Research Methods series.This book is a step-by-step guide for new and experienced social science researchers looking to use interviews in their projects. Rosalind Edwards and Janet Holland explain a range of interview types and practices, providing real research examples as informative illustrations of qualitative interviewing in practice, and the use of a range of creative interview tools. This new and expanded edition includes:- recent developments in the radical critique of interviews debate focusing on form and content of interviews;- the strategic shift to online interviewing in response to the Covid-19 pandemic;- discussion of the decolonization of methodology and research, and the growing attention to indigenous methodologies for generating data;- an assessment of the changing landscapeTrade ReviewAn excellent introduction to qualitative interviewing. The authors are to be congratulated for contributing a reader-friendly, concise, and informative text on qualitative interviewing to the methodological literature in qualitative inquiry. With numerous examples drawn from recent research, and discussions of important current debates, students will be well-situated to design quality interview studies that are theoretically well-grounded. -- Kathryn Roulston, Professor in the Qualitative Research Program in the Mary Frances Early College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, USAA valuable practical guide to qualitative interviewing and a deeply methodological account of qualitative research. This book is comprehensive, creative and rich in examples of qualitative interview practice. It offers a clear and accessible approach to the philosophical and epistemological choices we make and engages with on-going debates that shape qualitative research in the 21st century. -- Nick Emmel, Professor of Social Research Methodology, University of Leeds, UKProfessors Rosalind Edwards and Janet Holland provide an easily digestible introductory text for newcomers to the qualitative aspects of social research. Research can be daunting for beginners who are keen to engage in the interview process as a key method. What is Qualitative Interviewing? will no doubt provide the confidence for students to consider best practice when interviewing their participants ... A most definite must read for those plunging into their very first qualitative interviews. * Sadia Habib, The Sociological Imagination (of the first edition) *We learn, with the utmost clarity and conciseness, a great deal about the key terms, the development of the method, forms of qualitative interviewing, research tools, practical aspects of conducting an interview ... and strengths, issues and the future of qualitative interviewing ... A really successful and readable book that will help you to understand and reflect upon qualitative interviewing. * Soziologische Revue (Bloomsbury translation) (of the first edition) *Good, easy, accessible book for undergraduate teaching that fits with what I teach and signposts students well. Succinct, but not too basic either. Good introduction to qualitative interviewing. * Kaye Richards, Liverpool John Moores University, UK (of the first edition) *Table of ContentsSeries Foreword 1. Qualitative Interviews – the Key Terms 2. The Development of Qualitative Interviews 3. Forms that Qualitative Interviews can Take 4. Where Qualitative Interviews Take Place 5. Research Tools Used in Conducting Qualitative Interviews 6. The Practicalities Involved in Conducting Qualitative Interviews 7. Power and Emotional Dynamics in Qualitative Interviews 8. The Changing Landscape for Qualitative Interviewing Annotated Bibliography References Index

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Book SynopsisFirst published Open Access under a Creative Commons license as What is Online Research?, this title is now also available as part of the Bloomsbury Research Methods series.This book provides a concise and accessible introduction to online research, covering ethics, surveys, focus groups, ethnographies, experiments and the gathering and analysis of naturally occurring digital/big data. It also asks how researchers should use the digital environment to communicate their research and looks forward to the future of the field, asking what the next ten years hold. Online research is rarely well served by the direct translation of onsite methods onto the internet. Rather, researchers need to reflect, adapt and redesign research as they change the mode through which they conduct their research. Featuring an updated glossary, two new chapters and comprehensive updates throughout, this new edition provides new and experienced researchers with the foundation they

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Book SynopsisHans Karl Peterlini is Professor of Education and Intercultural Studies at the University of Klagenfurt, Austria, and holds the UNESCO Chair Global Citizenship Education - Culture of Diversity and Peace. Gabriele Rathgeb is a teacher trainer and researcher at the University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Austria.

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Book SynopsisA handbook and guide to research methods for students of law, criminology, sociology and social sciences, from an interdisciplinary perspective

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Book Synopsis'Jane Elliott's examination of the use of narrative within the broad context of social science inquiry is a must-read for both qualitative and quantitative researchers, novice and expert alike' - Journal of Advanced Nursing`This important book does an impressive job of synthesising a complex literature and bringing together both qualitative and quantitative methods of narrative analysis. It will become a milestone in the development of narrative methods. Although ground-breaking in many ways, it is very clearly written and accessible to readers from a wide variety of backgrounds and methodological experience' - Nigel Gilbert, University of Surrey`An elegantly written, scholarly and accessible text. Jane Elliott shows a sophisticated appreciation of contemporary methodological developments, and makes a persuasive case for the use of narrative approaches in both qualitative and quantitative research. The book challenges and advanceTable of ContentsNarrative and Research in the Social Sciences Listening to People′s Stories The Use of Narrative in Qualitative Interviews Interpreting People′s Stories Narrative Approaches to the Analysis of Qualitative Data Collecting Quantitative Narratives - A Contradiction in Terms? Statistical Stories? The Use of Narrative in Quantitative Analysis Uncovering and Understanding Causal Effects and Processes Narrative and Identity Constructions of the Subject in Qualitative and Quantitative Research The Ethical and Political Implications of Using Narrative in Research The Researcher as Narrator Reflexivity in Qualitative and Quantitative Research Telling Better Stories? Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Research

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Book Synopsis'This is a very valuable book for statisticians and users of statistics. It contains a remarkable number of statistical tests which are currently available and useful for practical purposes' - Statistical Papers This expanded and updated Third Edition of Gopal Kanji's best-selling resource on statistical tests covers all the most commonly used tests with information on how to calculate and interpret results with simple datasets. Each entry begins with a short summary statement about the test's purpose, and contains details of the test objective, the limitations (or assumptions) involved, a brief outline of the method, a worked example and the numerical calculation.This new edition also includes:A brand new introduction to statistical testing with information to guide the reader through the book so that even non-statistics students can find information quickly and easilyReal-world explanations of how and when to use eTrade Review′This is a very valuable book for statisticians and users of statistics. It contains a remarkable number of statistical tests which are currently available and useful for practical purposes′ - Statistical Papers "Although very practical for teachers and students of statistics, practitioners will also find this useful as a quick reference." -- SciTech * Book News *Table of ContentsIntroduction to Statistical Testing Examples of Test Procedures List of Tests Classification of Tests The Tests List of Tables Tables

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Book SynopsisVisual Research Methods: Image, Society, and Representation addresses the growing question in social research of how to critically incorporate visual data and visual methodologies in ways that expand and enhance the researcher's repertoire for understanding and teaching about the social world. Editor Gregory C. Stanczak crisscrosses disciplines in ways that highlight the multiple manifestations of this newer interdisciplinary trend. Beyond methodological interests, the rich diversity of subject matter provides this volume's pedagogical punch. Key Features Provides a valuable framework for classroom use and comparative analysis: Organized around three themes in visual researchmethodology, epistemological reflection, and theoretical contribution of images Addresses a wide range of topics: Original and reprinted works by leading qualitative researchers from various fields, including Sociology, Education, Political Science, Table of ContentsChapter 01: Introduction: Images, Methodologies, and Generating Social Knowledge - Gregory C. Stanczak Chapter 02: Observing Culture and Social Life: Documentary Photography, Fieldwork, and Social Research - Jon Wagner Chapter 03: All Photos Lie: Images as Data - Barry Goldstein Chapter 04: Capturing the Visual Traces of Historical Change: The Internet Mission Photography Archive - Jon Miller Chapter 05: Using Photography in Studies of Immigrant Communities: Reflecting across Projects and Populations - Steven J. Gold Chapter 06: Breaking the Ethnographer’s Frames: Reflections on the Use of Photo-Elicitation in Understanding Sri Lankan Monastic Culture - Jeffrey Sammuels Chapter 07: Inner-City Children in Sharper Focus: Sociology of Childhood and Photo-elicitation Interviews - Marisol Clark-Ibáñez Chapter 08: The Failure of “The President’s Choice” - Erina Duganne Chapter 09: Signs of Resistance: Marking Public Space through a Renewed Cultural Activism - Emmanuel David Chapter 10: Filming ‘The Closet’: The Role of Video Diaries in Researching Sexualities - Ruth Holliday Chapter 11: The Symbolism of Video: Exploring Migrant Mothers’ Experiences - Yolanda Hernandez-Albujar Chapter 12: Website Design: Merging Hypertext Aesthetics, Academic Narratives, and Visual Sociology - Stephen Papson, Robert Goldman, Noah Kersey

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Book SynopsisCombining classic articles that have been key markers in recent debates with some new material, this book addresses the problems involved in educational research and the issues surrounding its contribution to policymaking and practice.The authors examine the diverse approaches within qualitative research and address some of the key areas which have attracted criticism. They consider what role research should play and examine the case for randomised controlled trials and for action research.The book is suitable for any undergraduate or postgraduate student concerned with educational research methodology, as well as those focusing on educational policy and practice, and students doing PhDs and EdDs.Table of ContentsIntroduction PART ONE: DEBATES ABOUT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 1. Teaching as a research-based profession: possibilities and prospects. David Hargreaves 2. Educational research and teaching: a response to David Hargreaves′ TTA Lecture. Martyn Hammersley 3. In defence of research for evidence-based teaching: a rejoinder to Martyn Hammersley. David Hargreaves 4. A reply to Hargreaves. Martyn Hammersley 5. Making evidence-based practice educational. John Elliott 6. Making Evidence-based practice educational: a rejoinder to John Elliott. Ann Oakley 7. Evidence-informed policy and practice: challenges for social science. Ann Oakley 8. Intellectuals or technicians? The urgent role of theory in educational studies. Stephen J Ball 9. Beyond reflection: contingency, idiosyncrasy and reflexivity in initial teacher education. Alex Moore PART TWO: THE NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH 10. On the kinds of research in educational settings. Michael Bassey 11. The paradigm wars and their aftermath: a "historical" sketch of research on teaching since 1989. Nathaniel Gage 12. Action research. Stephen Kemmis 13. Increasing the generalisability of qualitative research. Janet W Schofield 14. Critical incidents and learning about risks: the case of young people and their health. Martyn Denscombe 15. Interrogating the discourse of home-school relations: the case of parents′ evenings. Maggie MacLure with Barbara Walker 16. Labouring to learn?: industrial training for slow learners. Paul Atkinson, David Shone and Teresa Rees 17. An appraisal of Labouring to learn. Martyn Hammersley 18. The obviousness of social and educational research results. Nathaniel Gage

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Mixed Methods Research provides an essential introduction to the fast-growing field of mixed methods research. Bergman's book examines the current state of mixed-methods research, exploring exciting new ways of conceptualizing and conducting empirical research in the social and health sciences. Contributions from the world's leading experts in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are brought together, clearing the way for a more constructive approach to social research. These contributions cover the main practical and methodological issues and include a number of different visions of what mixed methods research is. The discussion also covers the use of mixed methods in a diverse range of fields, including sociology, education, politics, psychology, computational science and methodology.This book represents an important contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding the use of mixed methods in the social sciences and health rTrade Review′[This book] represents an important contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding the use of mixed methods in social sciences and humanities and presents an argument that the conventional, paradigmatic view of qualitative and quantitative research is outdated and in need of replacement...Essential reading for anyone actively engaged in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research, and for students of social research methods′ - Abstracts of Public Administration, Development, and Environment ′This text readily recommends itself to research practitioners and students, irrespective of their research specialisation or knowledge. It is a useful and accessible addition to the body of research methods literature, and will be a very helpful, practical tool for many′ - Drug and Alcohol ReviewTable of ContentsPART ONE: THE THEORY OF MIXED METHODS DESIGN The Straw Men of the Qualitative-Quantitative Divide and their Influence on Mixed Methods Research - Manfred Max Bergman Troubles with Triangulation - Martyn Hammersley Analytic Density, Postmodernism and Applied Multiple Method Research - Nigel Fielding The Practice of a Mixed Methods Research Strategy - Julia Brannen Personal, Professional and Project Considerations Methodological Issues in Conducting Mixed Methods Research Designs - John W. Creswell et al PART TWO: APPLICATIONS IN MIXED METHODS DESIGN Why Do Researchers Integrate/Combine/Mesh/Blend/Mix/Merge/Fuse Quantitative and Qualitative Research? - Alan Bryman Quality of Inferences in Mixed Methods Research - Abbas Tashakkori and Charles Teddlie Calling for an Integrative Framework Method Mix, Technical Hex, Theory Fix - Ray Pawson Mixing Data Collection Methods - Edith de Leeuw and Joop Hox Lessons from Social Survey Research Analysis with APES, the Actor Process Event Scheme - Thomas Widmer et al Multi-perspective Exploration as a Tool for Mixed Methods Research - Katrin Niglas et al

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Book SynopsisEvaluation research can assess the value and effectiveness of interventions and innovations involving people. While this has often been on a grand scale, this book focuses on small-scale projects carried out by an individual or small group, typically lasting for weeks or at most a few months, at a local rather than national level.Using limited jargon and featuring integrated, real-world examples, this second edition offers a clear, accessible background to evaluation and prepares you to undertake your own small-scale evaluation research project. Key features includediscussionof: Different approaches to evaluation and how to choose between them The advantages and disadvantages of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Realist evaluation andits increasing importance The centrality of ethical and political issues The influence and opportunity of the Internet Tightly focused on theTrade ReviewA masterfully written text making complex issues approachable and very workable! Robson’s personable style as if engaged in a conversation with the reader entices and enlightens. It is rare to find a text that to such an extent combines user-friendliness and an engaging style without compromising scientific stringency, ethics or practical usefulness and common sense. This is indeed a treasure trove for students and professionals of any kind and everywhere whose study or work involves people in groups and organisations in need of development, change or just a healthy reality check on how their organisation is doing. -- Roland S PerssonThis is a marvelous book. It communicates clearly and directly to the reader, making the subject accessible and usable rather than abstruse or forbidding. Robson excels in thinking with the reader and getting the reader to think along with him, so that reading his work seems like collaborating with a helpful mentor. Supported by many helpful diagrams and charts, he uses real-world situations, contexts, examples, and research literature to give the reader an understanding of how she might go about conducting actual research using this book as a guide. He discusses the challenges a researcher can face in conducting evaluations, such as getting those being studied to collaborate in the research project, and the strengths and weaknesses, benefits and pitfalls of so doing. And it is of great value that his focus is specifically on small-scale evaluation, because that is the type of evaluation in which a student or budding researcher is most likely to be involved. Robson is a great demystifier and guide--other research texts would benefit greatly from adopting Robson′s style of thinking, writing, and guiding. -- Jeremy J. ShapiroTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Who is the book for? What do you need to be able to carry out an evaluation? Evaluation research Small-scale evaluation research The literature search The Internet Using the book A note on ′Tasks′ Chapter 2: Evaluation: The What and the Why What is evaluation? Why evaluate? Evaluation and social research What do they think they want? What are they going to find credible? Chapter 3: The Advantages of Collaboration Stakeholders Other models of involvement Using consultants Persuading others to be involved When is some form of participatory evaluation indicated? Chapter 4: Evaluation Designs Different approaches to evaluation Needs assessment Outcome evaluation Process evaluation Combining process and outcome approaches Formative and summative evaluation Efficiency evaluation Reviews Program monitoring Theory-based evaluation An interim summing up Chapter 5: Designing Your Evaluation Reviewing the ′literature′ Research questions Methods of data collection Data quality Sampling Prespecified and emergent designs Doing a shoe-string evaluation Chapter 6: Ethical and Political Considerations Ethical issues The problem of unintended consequences Evaluations involving children and other vulnerable populations Ethical issues in online research Ethical boards and committees The politics of evaluation Chapter 7: Practicalities Time budgeting Gaining access Getting organized Getting help and support Chapter 8: Dealing with the Data Coding data Analysis and interpretation of quantitative data Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data Chapter 9: Communicating the Findings Evaluation reports Facilitating the implementation of evaluation findings Chapter 10: Taking it further Further reading Postscript Appendix A: Chapter Tasks Appendix B: Simple Evaluations

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Book SynopsisResearch Methods in Second Language Acquisition: A Practical Guideis an informative guide to research design and methodology for graduate students and scholars. Each chapter of this volume offers background, step-by-step guidance, and relevant studies to create comprehensive coverage of each method.Trade Review“This book provides practical guidance for applied linguistic students doing SLA research. Each chapter, written by an expert in a subfield of second language acquisition (SLA), first presents a brief background review and theoretical frame-work of that area of research, then provides guide to the research methods and, finally, presents studies adopting the particular method to give readers a sense of practicality.” (The Modern Language Journal, 21 November 2013) “Each of the 15 chapters is comprehensive and accessible, and together they are bound to provide a thorough practical guide for students as they engage in various research projects. The volume will also prove to be a useful reference book for anyone teaching research methods in the context of SLA.” (Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20 May 2012) “This volume ultimately deserves strong praise for its wide-ranging representation of current topics and procedures in SLA research. Although intended for students, it guides all scholars to a better understanding of how we study our field and is an important addition to the library of all SLA researchers, novice or seasoned.” (LINGUIST, 19 May 2012)Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii 1 Introduction 1 Alison Mackey and Susan M. Gass Part I Data Types 5 2 How to Use Foreign and Second Language Learner Corpora 7 Sylviane Granger 3 Formal Theory-Based Methodologies 30 Tania Ionin 4 Instructed Second Language Acquisition 53 Shawn Loewen and Jenefer Philp 5 How to Design and Analyze Surveys in Second Language Acquisition Research 74 Zoltán Dörnyei and Kata Csizér 6 How to Carry Out Case Study Research 95 Patricia A. Duff 7 How to Use Psycholinguistic Methodologies for Comprehension and Production 117 Kim McDonough and Pavel Trofimovich 8 How to Research Second Language Writing 139 Charlene Polio 9 How to Do Research on Second Language Reading 158 Keiko Koda 10 How to Collect and Analyze Qualitative Data 180 Debra A. Friedman Part II Data Coding, Analysis, and Replication 201 11 Coding Second Language Data Validly and Reliably 203 Andrea Révész 12 Coding Qualitative Data 222 Melissa Baralt 13 How to Run Statistical Analyses 245 Jenifer Larson-Hall 14 How to Do a Meta-Analysis 275 Luke Plonsky and Frederick L. Oswald 15 Why, When, and How to Replicate Research 296 Rebekha Abbuhl Index 313

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Book SynopsisEthics and integrity in research are increasingly important for social scientists around the world. We are tackling more complex problems in the face of expanding and not always sympathetic regulation. This book surveys the recent developments and debates around researching ethically and with integrity and complying with ethical requirements. The new edition pushes beyond the work of the first edition through updated and extended coverage of issues relating to international, indigenous, interdisciplinary and internet research. Through case studies and examples drawn from all continents and from across the social science disciplines, the book: demonstrates the practical value of thinking seriously and systematically about ethical conduct in social science research identifies how and why current regulatory regimes have emerged reveals those practices that have contributeTrade ReviewThis comprehensive and detailed book will hearten the many social scientists who tangle with unsympathetic regulatory systems. Mark Israel demonstrates an uncanny knowledge about the variety of national ethics regimes that are destabilizing the social sciences. The author explores the possibility of moving the hard architecture of research-review to a soft architectural one. In the end, the book calls for a creative and intelligent approach to ethics and integrity in research. -- Will C.van den HoonaardResearch ethics is a particularly fluid field of endeavour in the social sciences. As the forms of social interaction develop via new media and societies undergo constant change, responsive methodological innovation follows. The ethical challenges posed raise more dilemmas and regulatory responses. Mark Israel’s update of his earlier book covers this rapidly evolving field in a rigorous, readable and comprehensive manner. The global perspective adopted is of practical benefit to increasingly international and multidisciplinary research teams. The extensive case studies reported both enliven and challenge our moral sensibilities in constructive and thoughtful ways. This work continues to offer valuable insights into the increasingly complex ethical decisions addressed by social scientists. -- Ron IphofenMark Israel’s masterly account and critical analysis of the global, national and conceptual histories of research ethics explains the contemporary frictions between research ethics regimes and social science researchers. Through authoritative examples of realistic practice that address ethical complexities of consent, confidentiality, risk, benefit and conflicts of interest, he shows how to address and resolve these frictions. The book offers a rich collection of experience to inform reflective ethical research practice and essential insights for ethics reviewers of social science research. -- Colin ThomsonThis book explains and compares the regulation on research ethics in many different countries. Israel conducted a deep analysis on the roots of these regulations as well as the consequences for social scientists. It puts the key issues into a historical, philosophical and empirical research context. This discussion is fundamental to better understand the contemporary situation and to plan actions to promote ethical research, respecting different academic communities, as well as promoting and protecting the human rights and the fundamental liberties of research participants. I strongly recommend it for everyone interested in this subject and specially for Research Ethics Committees members, chairs, administrators; policy makers; and for social science and humanities researchers. -- Iara GuerrieroIn this book Professor Israel presents an absorbing critical account of the development of national and, increasingly, global research ethics and regulatory systems. The many case studies included within the text bring to life the dilemmas researchers have faced in a way that provides the reader with much food for thought. The reviewer thoroughly enjoyed reading this book. Professor Israel brings clarity of thought to what can be a very obtuse and confusing area, albeit one of vital importance for the future development of research. I can fully recommend it both the seasoned researcher and to those beginning in the field who require a sound and readable introduction to research ethics in the social sciences. -- Clive Sims, University Campus SuffolkThe book should be seen as an important introduction to ethics and integrity for researchers and regulators, as it provides a view of both ranks and understanding for both research practice and the history and importance of testing frameworks. -- Koen LeursTable of ContentsWhy care about ethics? Ethical approaches Codes and principles Regulating ethics Informed consent Confidentiality Avoiding harm, doing good and seeking justice Integrity and misconduct Relationships Beyond regulatory compliance

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Book SynopsisA Companion to Survey Research provides a critical overview and guide to survey methods. Rather than a set of formulas, survey design is understood as a craft where the translation of research questions into a questionnaire, sample design and data collection strategy is based on understanding how respondents answer questions and their willingness to complete a survey. Following an account of the invention of survey research in the 1930s, a synthesis of research on question design is followed by a practical guide to designing a questionnaire. Chapters on sampling, which deal with the statistical basis of survey sampling and practical design issues, are followed by extensive discussions of survey pretesting and data collection. The book concludes with a discussion of the extent and implications of falling response rates. This book is written for researchers, analysts and policy makers who want to understand the survey data they use, for researchers and sTable of ContentsIntroduction The Invention of Survey Research Writing Survey Questions Designing a Questionnaire Fundamentals of Probability Sampling for Surveys Applied Sample Design Survey Pretesting Survey Data Collection The Future of Survey Research

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Book SynopsisThis unique addition to the Success in Research series addresses the importance of understanding and achieving impact for the purposes of gaining research funding and reporting achieved impact for the Research Excellence Framework (REF). The book includes contributions from researchers and researcher developers who feel that impact is ill-defined and poorly understood despite its prevalence in policy documents, websites and institutional activities. This succinct and cohesive text draws on the expert contributors' collective research practice, knowledge and experience. Using a variety of examples, boxed activities and highlighted reflection points, this practical guide covers the following key areas: The meaning of impact in relation to research How the Impact Agenda fits with attitudes and ethics that motivate research The different characterisations of research impact and when impact is apparent Trade Review This book is a very important contribution in the ever-changing field of research, now facing a new paradigm-shift where impact in terms of making changes in society has been pointed out as an important issue. As there is a gap between producing breakthrough research results and inform about them in a way making it possible for society beyond academica to use the outcomes, this book is important to every researcher. To make difference as a researcher, in the sense of producing research results with impact, is a matter of articulating the results in an understandable and interesting way. This book is an answer to the questions we researchers have of how to cope with the new requirements and helps us in an excellent way to understand how to bridge the gap between our research results and how to disseminate them in a broader society than we usually do. -- Mona Holmqvist This book is both timely in its publication and of potential enormous benefit to HEI’s and academics as the emphasis in research in UK Universities and elsewhere shifts more and more towards the Impact of research and away from the Output of research. The text is well separated into easy to read chapters dealing various aspects of the Impact Agenda and most chapters are planned is such a way as to pose questions to the reader which help them to reflect on their own particular situation. For this reason the book will be an invaluable asset to all HEI’s, Research Centres and Institutes, Graduate Schools and individual academics. -- Prof Mick Fuller This is a book that both challenges your thinking about achieving impact in research while also providing helpful practical support. The format of the book guides you through the text providing practical tips and suggestions along the way. The integrated personal reflection points and activities embedded throughout are helpful in keeping you fully engaged with the subject. I can highly recommend this book to students, researchers and academics. -- Janet Bohrer * Assistant Director - Standards, Quality and Enhancement * Achieving Impact in Research attempts both to define the impact agenda and its rationale and to provide general, targeted advice on how to engage with it. It is in this second aim that the book succeeds best. Much of the practical guidance is general enough in its approach to be relevant across disciplines but focused enough upon self-reflection and planning to be of tangible use. As such, I would recommend this book to those teaching research skills at an institutional and departmental level and also to early career researchers trying to understand impact and address it in research planning and implementation. -- Dr Catherine Easton[Achieving Impact in Research] argues that the impact agenda does not fundamentally alter the priorities and direction of UK research. The authors even present the impact agenda as a developmental process that helps bring researchers′ potential for non-academic influence into sharper focus. The soothing message of the different chapters is that the right skills, preparation and attitude help researchers create and evidence impact for a wide range of individual research projects. -- Jacqueline Aldridge, Kent Business School, University of KentTable of ContentsWhat is the meaning of impact in relation to research and why does it matter? A view from inside academia - Colin Chandler What is the meaning of the Impact Agenda - is it a repackaged or a new entity? Views from inside the Research Councils - Sophie Payne-Gifford How does the Impact Agenda fit with attitudes and ethics that motivate research? - Jennifer Chubb What are the different characteristics of research impact? - Jo Lakey, Geoff Rodgers and Rosa Scoble When might research impact be apparent? - Christopher Wood How can impact be planned into research proposals? - Rob Daley and Sara Shinton How can impact evaluation be planned? - Tony Bromley and André de Campos How can impact be evidenced: practical methods? - Tony Bromley What skills are needed to be an impactful researcher? - Jennifer Chubb How can knowledge exchange support the development of impact through partnerships and university infrastructures? - Andy Jackson How can you become an impactful researcher? - Ellen Pearce and Pam Denicolo Appendix I A special case: researcher development and the work of the impact and evaluation group - Christopher Wood and Pam Denicolo Appendix II An illustration of the Researcher Development Framework (Vitae) Appendix III The pathways to impact framework provided by RCUK Glossary

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Book SynopsisThis book sets out a clear framework for conducting participatory research with children and young people within a discussion of the rights of the child. Through extensive case studies and a close review of contemporary literature, in relation to early childhood through to late adolescence, the book serves as a critical guide to issues in participative research for students and researchers.The book includes chapters on: Designing your research project Ethical considerations Innovative methods Publication and dissemination. Trade ReviewThe process of conducting research from start to finish is dealt with, serving the novice or experienced researcher equally with rich interpretations and possibilities encountered at each stage. The book examines a wide range of interpretations of participatory research through a multi-disciplinary lens and in doing so serves to enrich the methodological literature as well as further promote the possibilities of bringing about social change through engaging the young. -- Cathy BurkeThis important book moves beyond the value of young people′s participation to consider how to do it. It is one of the first books to carefully anchor participation research onto principles of inquiry-based practice and the ethics of good research at a level of detail in which practitioners and theorists alike will find it useful. -- Dana MitraA timely, rich and thought provoking exploration of the issues and dilemmas at the heart of actively and authentically involving all children and young people in each phase of research inquiries that involve them. Each author brings a wealth of experience in this area. -- Robyn EwingA well considered companion for those seeking to engage in the critical work of researching with young children. I highly recommend this book for both beginning researchers and those seeking to explore the dilemmas and challenges associated with this type of research. -- Deborah HarcourtThis thorough, clearly written, accessible book provides theoretical underpinnings, case studies, extensive discussions of methods, and practical advice as well as compelling arguments regarding the whys and hows of participatory research with children and young people. It does not shy away from the complexities of this work. A thoughtful and inspiring guide to anyone interested in participatory research with children and young people. -- Alison Cook-Sather[The book] provides a really useful overview of the key issues and how researchers might address these... It is concise and clear; explores complex issues together with practical examples and case studies; and brings together theory and practice from different fields in an accessible and engaging way. -- Louca-Mai Brady, Independent Research ConsultantWith a robust review of up-to-date literature, incorporation of practical models of participation, extensive discussion of methods, and a solid explanation of youth as capable, significant participants, this book offers a substantial contribution to the interdisciplinary field of participatory research with children and youth. -- Rebecca KaplanTable of ContentsIntroduction: Arguing The Case For Participatory Research With Children And Young People Developing New Methodological Understandings Of Social Research With Children And Young People Ethical Questions In Relation To Participatory Research With Children And Young People Designing A Project With Children And Young People: Investigating The ‘Researchable Question’ A Political Ecology Of Access And Cooperation Innovative Methods Issues Of Impact And Sustainability In The Context Of Participatory Design And Construction Publication And Dissemination Action And Participation

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Book SynopsisGoing beyond a general introduction to offer a hands-on guide, Participatory Researchempowers students to feel confident understanding and applying participatory methods to their research projects. It takes an accessible approach to explaining the theory that grounds participatory research and offers students practical strategies for how and when to choose and apply a wide range of these methods. Comprehensive yet easy to understand, this book: Gives students a thorough grounding in the history and theoretical issues surrounding each method Showcases participatory research in action through extensive on-the-ground case studies Highlights the importance of ethics in research design, offering guidance on dealing with sensitive considerations in participatory research With a sustained focus on theimpact of digital technologies, this book tackles head-on the need to re-assess the way we involve people in contemporary Trade ReviewOne unique feature of this text is the way it richly lays out how theory and practice can (and do!) come together in participatory research. It is chock full of case studies, examples and exercises to help the material come alive and engage learners in reflexive praxis. -- Sarah FlickerThis book is a highly important and timely contribution to the field of research methods. It provides the reader with various approaches, illustrates their applications and is of great value to any student, researcher or practitioner interested in participatory research methods. -- Ingvill C. MochmannThis book offers students a secure introduction to participatory research: origins, theory, methods and most importantly ethics, including the specificity of situated ethics within a participatory design. Students are provided with practical strategies to help navigate participatory research projects. -- Niamh O’BrienDirk Schubotz′s book is impressive. He reveals theoretical, historical and ethical backgrounds of participatory approaches to research and his book is also useful in terms of practice. You can feel the author′s strong empirical background involving children and young people as subjects in research projects. A strong parol for understanding research as practice of mutual understanding, collective action and social change. -- Timo AckermannWhat a fantastic book! Comprehensive in scope, underpinned by important theoretical approaches, a great set of exercises and a deep commitment to the transformative possibilities of PAR! A must for all research students, researchers and transdisciplinary research teams. -- Maggie O′NeillTable of ContentsIntroduction Part I: History, Theory and Ethics of Participatory Methods Chapter 1: The History and Nature of Participatory Research Methods Chapter 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Participatory Research Chapter 3: Approaches and Populations in Participatory Research Chapter 4: Research Ethics in Participatory Research Practice Part II: Applications of Participatory Methods Chapter 5: Participatory Action Research (PAR) Chapter 6: Participatory Approaches to Participant Observation Chapter 7: Group Discussion Methods in Participatory Research Chapter 8: Participatory Survey Methods In Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Daniela Aidley and Kriss Fearon provide a practical introduction to making it easier for everyone to take part in research. It will be invaluable to researchers from a variety of backgrounds looking to increase participation in their research, whether postgraduate students, experienced academic researchers, or practitioners.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Research that includes disabled people Chapter 3: Research questions and research design Chapter 4: Sampling Chapter 5: Recruitment and the research setting Chapter 6: Face to face research Chapter 7: Online and remote research methods Chapter 8: Mixed media, triangulation and mixed methods Chapter 9: Writing up, publication and impact

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Book SynopsisIn the first dedicated analysis of its kind, international experts review the rationale and results of arts-based approaches to research, teaching, and practice in social work. The book presents examples of their use and methods to evaluate and theorise results and shows how arts can form outputs from research too.Table of ContentsIntroduction ~ Ephrat Huss and Eltje Bos; Section 1: Arts-Based Research as a Method to Understand and Give Voice to ‎Marginalized Groups Using Arts-Based Methods to Explore Existential Issues around Ageing ~ Paola de Bruijn & Erik Jansen Art- And Music-Based Activities and Nondeliberative Participatory Research Methods: Building Connection and Community ~ Brian L. Kelly Arts-Based Methods to Co-create Knowledge and Reconstruct Power Relations with Marginalized Women in and through Research ~ Sofie Vindevogel Auto-Ethnographic Playwriting and Performance for Self-Healing and Advocacy ~ Rogério Meireles Pinto Using Photography to Research the “Other” the Validity of Photography for Social Work Research: A Visual Case Study from China ~ Peter Szto Mixed Arts-Based Methods as a Platform for Expressing Lived Experience ~ Orna Shemer and Eitan Shahar Art-Based Methods to Support and Reveal New Mothers’ and Families’ Experiences: A Positive Parenting and Feminist Approach ~ Lucía Hervás Hermida Section 2: Using Arts-Based Research to Listen to, and Give Voice to, Children in ‎Social Work ‎ “I Don’t Like the Cameras in the House. They’re Looking at Us All the Time”: The Contribution of Photovoice to Children in a Post-hospitalization Program ~ Arielle Friedman & Hila Zaguri Art-Based Research Work with Migrant Children ~ Genevieve Guetemme Using Creative Art Research Approaches to Assess Arts Based Interventions with Children in Post Disaster Contexts ~ Julie Drolet, Nasreen Lalani, and Caroline McDonald-Harker Section 3: Arts-Based Research as a Way for Researchers and ‎Community Members to Understand Communities Murals and Photography in Community Engagement and Assessment ~ Holly Feen-Calligan, Elizabeth Barton, Julie Moreno, Emma Buzzard, & Marion Jackson Forum Theatre as Participatory Action Research with Community Workers ~ Mike de Kreek, Eltje Bos, & Margareta von Salisch A/R/Tography, Rhizomatic Storytelling, and Ripple Effects Mapping: A Combined Arts-Based and Community Mapping Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 Expressive Arts Support Groups for Frontliners in the Philippines ~ Maria Regina A. Alfonso , Adrienne M. Santos Lagmay, M.A., Joey A. Atayde, Kathleen Bautista, & M. Imelda Lukban Art and Artefact: Displaying Social Work through Objects ~ Mark Doel Building Research Capacity: Scaffolding the Process through Arts-Based Pedagogy ~ Ronald P.M.H. Lay Art as a way of improving Participatory Action Research: an experience with youngsters with an intellectual disability and their families ~ Linda Ducca Epilogue ~ Ephrat Huss and Eltje Bos

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Book SynopsisIn the first dedicated analysis of its kind, international experts review the rationale and results of arts-based approaches to research, teaching, and practice in social work. The book presents examples of their use and methods to evaluate and theorise results and shows how arts can form outputs from research too.Table of ContentsIntroduction ~ Ephrat Huss and Eltje Bos; Section 1: Arts-Based Research as a Method to Understand and Give Voice to ‎Marginalized Groups Using Arts-Based Methods to Explore Existential Issues around Ageing ~ Paola de Bruijn & Erik Jansen Art- And Music-Based Activities and Nondeliberative Participatory Research Methods: Building Connection and Community ~ Brian L. Kelly Arts-Based Methods to Co-create Knowledge and Reconstruct Power Relations with Marginalized Women in and through Research ~ Sofie Vindevogel Auto-Ethnographic Playwriting and Performance for Self-Healing and Advocacy ~ Rogério Meireles Pinto Using Photography to Research the “Other” the Validity of Photography for Social Work Research: A Visual Case Study from China ~ Peter Szto Mixed Arts-Based Methods as a Platform for Expressing Lived Experience ~ Orna Shemer and Eitan Shahar Art-Based Methods to Support and Reveal New Mothers’ and Families’ Experiences: A Positive Parenting and Feminist Approach ~ Lucía Hervás Hermida Section 2: Using Arts-Based Research to Listen to, and Give Voice to, Children in ‎Social Work ‎ “I Don’t Like the Cameras in the House. They’re Looking at Us All the Time”: The Contribution of Photovoice to Children in a Post-hospitalization Program ~ Arielle Friedman & Hila Zaguri Art-Based Research Work with Migrant Children ~ Genevieve Guetemme Using Creative Art Research Approaches to Assess Arts Based Interventions with Children in Post Disaster Contexts ~ Julie Drolet, Nasreen Lalani, and Caroline McDonald-Harker Section 3: Arts-Based Research as a Way for Researchers and ‎Community Members to Understand Communities Murals and Photography in Community Engagement and Assessment ~ Holly Feen-Calligan, Elizabeth Barton, Julie Moreno, Emma Buzzard, & Marion Jackson Forum Theatre as Participatory Action Research with Community Workers ~ Mike de Kreek, Eltje Bos, & Margareta von Salisch A/R/Tography, Rhizomatic Storytelling, and Ripple Effects Mapping: A Combined Arts-Based and Community Mapping Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 Expressive Arts Support Groups for Frontliners in the Philippines ~ Maria Regina A. Alfonso , Adrienne M. Santos Lagmay, M.A., Joey A. Atayde, Kathleen Bautista, & M. Imelda Lukban Art and Artefact: Displaying Social Work through Objects ~ Mark Doel Building Research Capacity: Scaffolding the Process through Arts-Based Pedagogy ~ Ronald P.M.H. Lay Art as a way of improving Participatory Action Research: an experience with youngsters with an intellectual disability and their families ~ Linda Ducca Epilogue ~ Ephrat Huss and Eltje Bos

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Book SynopsisThis crucial contribution exposes the misconception that health research and health services are equally effective for all and highlights their failures in engaging with Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups. It provides essential case study examples on recruitment, engagement and partnerships with BME groups in research and public engagement.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Concepts and Misconceptions 2. Race, Ethnicity and Health Inequalities 3. Improving Research on Race, Ethnicity and Health Inequalities 4. Importance of Intersectionality 5. Case Study: “We are not hard to reach; you are just not reaching us!” Understanding intersectionality and the prevention and management of Type 2 Diabetes amongst British African-Caribbean Women 6. South-Asian and BME migrant women’s experiences of culturally tailored women-only physical activity programme for improving participation, social isolation and well-being 7. Experiences of health and well-being during periods of fragile citizenship amongst African-Caribbean migrant groups Conclusion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis is a book about the ideas that drive statistics. It is an ideal primer for students who need an introduction to the concepts of statistics without the added confusion of technical jargon and mathematical language. It introduces the intuitive thinking behind standard procedures, explores the process of informal reasoning, and usesconceptual frameworks to provide a foundation for students new to statistics. It showcases the expertise we have all developed from living in a data saturated society, increases our statistical literacy and gives us the tools needed to approach statistical mathematics with confidence. Key topics include: Variability Standard Distributions Correlation Relationship Sampling Inference An engaging, informal introduction this book sets out the conceptual tools required by anyone undertaking statistical procedures for the first time or for Trade ReviewBartholomew brings a wealth of experience to this book, explaining all of the most fundamental concepts in statistics with insight but without technicalities. This is an excellent read for the learner or the teacher, to establish or reinforce a proper understanding of what statistics is really all about. -- Neil SheldonTable of ContentsIntroduction: Before We Begin Chapter 1: Picturing Variability Chapter 2: Interpreting Variability Chapter 3: Three Standard Distributions Chapter 4: Summarising Variation Chapter 5: The Analysis of Variation Chapter 6: Covariation Chapter 7: Sampling Chapter 8: Introduction to the Ideas of Inference Chapter 9: Sampling Distributions and More on Inference Chapter 10: Inference about Averages Chapter 11: Binary Data Chapter 12: Goodness of fit Chapter 13: Unobserved Variables Chapter 14: Retrospect Apendix

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a practical, pedagogical perspective on conducting qualitative interviews with children and young people.From designing and choosing the type of interview through to planning, structuring, conducting, and analysing them this book is a complete toolkit. Drawing upon real-world examples and researchers' anecdotes, the authors combine both theoretical background and practical advice to introduce common issues and procedures and to help you undertake your own interviews in the field. Key topics include how to: Choose which interview style meets your and your participants' needs Maintain a safe and ethically sound research environment Incorporate participatory methods into formal interview settings Encourage participation and capture the voice of interviewees Utilise digital tools, software and methods to collect and analyse data This clear, articulate book is an essential companion Trade ReviewInterviewing children requires distinctive skills and strategies, and this book covers them all. From conceptualizing the interview’s purpose to planning and undertaking child-friendly interviews and ensuring ethical encounters, this book delivers expert theoretical and practical guidance from fieldwork to analysis. A must have resource. -- Susan DanbyThere are not many titles that provide such a clear and accessible step-by-step guide to everything you need to know about interviewing children. An ideal resource for novice and experienced researchers alike--strongly recommended! -- Daniela Sime?This book is an easily accessible and authoritative guide for academics, students, and practitioners interested in interviewing children. With a growing body of literature around including children within research processes, this book is particularly timely. Notably, O’Reilly and Dogra place children as central players in the research process and frame their discussion within the context of ‘child-centred research’. This framing sets the stage for a theoretically grounded and practically oriented discussion of the process of carrying out a research study with children and/or young people using interviews. This book is certainly one that I will recommend as a primary text to colleagues and graduate students involved in child-centred qualitative research. -- Jessica Nina LesterThis is an important and timely book. There is – rightly – considerable interest in the health and well-being of young people, and it is critical that research incorporates the perspectives of young people. In this book the authors have provided an unprecedented comprehensive and accessible step-by-step introduction to interviewing young people that is of tremendous value to researchers and to anyone working with young people, from teachers to clinicians. What shines through in particular is the authors’ commitment to hearing and learning from the voices of young people – and the necessity of this attention is the most important message of this excellent book. -- Craig MorganTable of ContentsThe Importance of Interviewing Children for Research Designing your Interview Study Different Types of Interview Different Ways of Conducting Interviews: Face-to-Face, Telephone and Online Planning Your Interview: Key Decisions and Practical Issues The Use of Participatory Methods The Structure and Form of an Interview: Theoretical Background Ethical Issues with Respect to Interviewing The Interview Encounter: Child and Researcher Factors that Warrant Consideration and their Interaction Analysing Children′s Interviews Reflecting and Attending to the Process

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Book SynopsisWhether you are an urban geographer, an urban sociologist or an urban political scientist, and whether you take a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods approach, the challenge that confronts researchers of our increasingly globalized urban studies remains fundamentally the samehow to make sense of urban complexity. This book confronts this challenge by exploring the various methodological approaches fordoingglobal urban research, including Comparative Urbanism, Social Network Analysis, and Data Visualization. With contributions from leading scholars across the world, Doing Global Urban Research offers a key forum to discuss how the practice of research can deepen our knowledge of globalized urbanization.Trade ReviewIn the exciting recent whirl of theorising cities and urbanisation through new globalised and planetary configurations, empirical underpinnings have often struggled to keep pace. This much needed collection addresses this issue head-on offering a carefully assembled and importantly pluralistic set of tools, techniques and insights to guide and inspire new and enhanced routes into global urban research. -- Andrew HarrisThis agenda-setting volume provides a cohesive, candid, and conceptually rich perspective on global urban research. Emerging and established scholars share insights about their methods, ethics, and research practices. These interdisciplinary perspectives make Doing Global Urban Research a valuable and provocative resource for researchers interested in global urban analysis. -- Michael GlassThis is a landmark volume addressing the issue of the cumulative global significance and impacts of the majority of the world’s population living in cities. Under Harrison and Hoyler’s leadership, Doing Global Urban Research unlocks new intellectual and political territory to reconfigure the debates on why and how cities matter now and into the future. -- Susan ParnellThe cities of the world and the world of cities have transformed rather dramatically in the past half century. Instead of offering rather frictionless theorizing on these changes, this volume offers a very useful and highly reflective guide to do actual empirical research on a wide range of topics related to global urban studies. -- Robert C. KloostermanAlthough there are myriad texts about cities, very few provide useful guidance on how and why to research them. Harrison and Hoyler’s ‘Doing Global Urban Research’ does just that: it provides novice and seasoned scholars alike with a range of approaches to researching cross-cutting urban themes at the global scale. Highly recommended to those interested in researching cities from geographical, sociological, historical, and/or planning disciplinary lenses, particularly as looking ‘across’ methodological and theoretical perspectives has great potential to enhance research bridging the global and urban scales. -- Thomas SiglerWhile globalization has become a common subject of the social sciences, the practice of doing global urban studies has been neglected so far. This book provides a good sense of how to deal with this, both for students and researchers. -- Markus HesseTable of ContentsChapter 1: Making Sense of the Global Urban - John Harrison & Michael Hoyler Chapter 2: Visualizing the Planetary Urban - Nikos Katsikis Chapter 3: Exploring the World City Network - Peter J. Taylor & Ben Derudder Chapter 4: Analysing Cities as Networks - Zachary P. Neal Chapter 5: Examining Global Urban Policy Mobilities - Cristina Temenos & Kevin Ward Chapter 6: Tracking the Global Urbanists - Donald McNeill & Andrea Pollio Chapter 7: Engaging with Global Urban Governance - Michele Acuto Chapter 8: Evaluating Global Urban Sustainability - John Lauermann Chapter 9: Scrutinizing Global Mega-Events - Christopher Gaffney, Sven Daniel Wolfe & Martin Müller Chapter 10: Studying Global Gentrifications - Hyun Bang Shin Chapter 11: Researching the Global Right to the City - David Wachsmuth Chapter 12: Constructing Global Suburbia, One Critical Theory at a Time - Roger Keil Chapter 13: Comparative Ethnographic Urban Research - Tim Bunnell Chapter 14: Doing Longitudinal Urban Research - Katherine V. Gough Chapter 15: Historical Approaches to Researching the Global Urban - Mariana Dantas & Emma Hart Chapter 16: Advancing Global Urban Research - Michael Hoyler & John Harrison

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Book SynopsisUsing an engaging, straightforward writing style, the authors draw on their more than 50 years of hands-on experience in the field to cut through theory and offer practical guidance on every facet of the focus process, including tips for avoiding problems and pitfalls.Trade Review"Krueger and Casey’s book does a magnificent job of incorporating both theoretical and practical approaches to the study of focus groups. It is the only hands-on book which explores the process of focus group research." -- Theresa Carilli, Purdue University Calumet"An excellent ′focused′ book on focus groups – anyone who reads this book can pretty much kickstart their own focus group research." -- Aditya Simha, University of Wisconsin - WhitewaterTable of ContentsPREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. Overview of Focus Groups 2. Planning The Focus Group Study 3. Developing a Questioning Route 4. Participants in a Focus Group 5. Moderating Skills 6. Analyzing Focus Group Results 7. Reporting 8. Focus Group Research 9. Focus Group Interviewing with Young People 10. International and Cross-Cultural Focus Group Interviewing 11. Telephone and Internet Focus Group Interviewing 12. Focus Group Interviewing Within the Organization 13. Modifications of Focus Groups 14. Answering Questions About the Quality of Focus Group Research

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Book SynopsisOnline communities generate massive volumes of natural language data and the social sciences continue to learn how to best make use of this new information and the technology available for analyzing it. Text Mining brings together a broad range of contemporary qualitative and quantitative methods to provide strategic and practical guidance on analyzing large text collections. This accessible book, written by a sociologist and a computer scientist, surveys the fast-changing landscape of data sources, programming languages, software packages, and methods of analysis available today. Suitable for novice and experienced researchers alike, the book will help readers use text mining techniques more efficiently and productively.Trade ReviewText Mining and Analysis is a comprehensive book that deals with the latest developments of text mining research, methodology, and applications. An excellent choice for anyone who wants to learn how these emerging practices can benefit their own research in an era of Big Data. -- Kenneth C. C. YangThis is a clear, comprehensive and thorough description of new text mining techniques and their applications: a "must" for students and social researchers who wish to understand how to tackle the challenges raised by Big Data. -- Aude BicqueletTable of ContentsPart I: Digital Texts, Digital Social Science 1. Social Science and the Digital Text Revolution Learning Objectives Introduction History of Text Analysis Risk and Rewards of Text Mining for the Social Sciences Social Data from Digital Environments Theory and Metatheory Ethics of Text Mining Organization of This Volume 2. Research Design Strategies Learning Objectives Introduction Levels of Analysis Strategies for Document Selection and Sampling Types of Inferential Logic Approaches to Research Design Part II: Text Mining Fundamentals 3. Web Crawling and Scraping Learning Objectives Introduction Web Statistics Web Crawling Web Scraping Software for Web Crawling and Scraping 4. Lexical Resources Learning Objectives Introduction WordNet Roget′s Thesaurus Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count General Inquirer Wikipedia Downloadable Lexical Resources and APIs 5. Basic Text Processing Learning Objectives Introduction Tokenization Stopword Removal Stemming and Lemmatization Text Statistics Language Models Other Text Processing Software for Text Processing 6. Supervised Learning Learning Objectives Feature Representation and Weighting Supervised Learning Algorithms Evaluation of Supervised Learning Software for Supervised Learning Part III: Text Analysis Methods from the Humanities and Social Sciences 7. Thematic Analysis, QDAS, and Visualization Learning Objectives Thematic Analysis Qualitative Data Analysis Software Visualization Tools 8. Narrative Analysis Learning Objectives Introduction Conceptual Foundations Mixed Methods of Narrative Analysis Automated Approaches to Narrative Analysis Future Directions Specialized Software for Narrative Analysis 9. Metaphor Analysis Learning Objectives Introduction Theoretical Foundations Qualitative Metaphor Analysis Mixed Methods of Metaphor Analysis Automated Metaphor Identification Methods Software for Metaphor Analysis Part IV: Text Mining Methods from Computer Science 10. Word and Text Relatedness Learning Objectives Introduction Theoretical Foundations Corpus-based and Knowledge-based Measures of Relatedness Software and Datasets for Word and Text Relatedness Further Reading 11. Text Classification Learning Objectives Introduction Applications of Text Classification Representing Texts for Supervised Text Classification Text Classification Algorithms Bootstrapping in Text Classifcation Evaluation of Text Classification Software and Datasets for Text Classification 12. Information Extraction Learning Objectives Introduction Entity Extraction Relation Extraction Web Information Extraction Template Filling Software and Datasets for Information Extraction and Text Mining 13. Information Retrieval Learning Objectives Introduction Theoretical Foundations Components of an Information Retrieval System Information Retrieval Models The Vector-Space Model Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models Web-Based Information Retrieval Software and Datasets for Information Retrieval 14. Sentiment Analysis Learning Objectives Introduction Theoretical Foundations Lexicons Corpora Tools Future Directions Software and Datasets for Word and Text Relatedness 15. Topic Models Learning Objectives Introduction Digital Humanities Political Science Sociology Software for Topic Modeling V: Conclusions 16. Text Mining, Text Analysis, and the Future of Social Science Introduction Social and Computer Science Collaboration

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Book SynopsisThis supplementary book for the social, behavioral, and health sciences helps readers with no prior knowledge of IBM SPSS Statistics, statistics, or mathematics learn the basics of SPSS. Designed to reduce fear and build confidence, the book guides readers through point-and-click sequences using clear examples from real scientific research and invites them to replicate the findings. Relevant outcomes are provided for reference, and exercises at the end of Chapters 2 5 provide additional practice. After reading the book and using the program, readers will come away with a basic knowledge of the most commonly used procedures in statistics.Trade ReviewWell done and the screenshots are very helpful. Easy to follow, well-organized, and covers what I need covered over the course of a semester. -- Patrick V. Kelly, Saint Louis UniversityThis text does a very good job covering basic descriptive and inferential data analysis using SPSS. -- Ayana Conway, Virginia State UniversityTable of ContentsChapter 1: Statistics Program SPSS What Is SPSS? The Purpose of SPSS Structure of the Book Fictitious Data Set Using the Windows in SPSS Using SPSS Windows SPSS File Types Chapter 2: SPSS Files Introduction Open SPSS Files Create and Modify Data Files Load Excel Files Save SPSS Files Assignments Chapter 3: Data Modifications Introduction Recode Variables Create New Variables Select Cases Split Files Assignments Chapter 4: Descriptive Statistics Introduction Frequency Tables Pie Charts Boxplots Graphs With Chart Builder Contingency Tables Export to Word Processing Programs Assignments Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics Introduction Associations in Contingency Tables Binomial Test for a Proportion One Sample t-test t-Test for Comparing Two Groups Analysis of Variance Correlation Regression Analysis References Assignments

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