Renal medicine and nephrology Books

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword, by Ronald D. Perrone, MDPrefaceChapter 1. Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 2. What Kidneys DoChapter 3. Why Kidneys FailChapter 4. Diagnosing and Managing Chronic Kidney DiseaseChapter 5. Preventing, Postponing, and Treating Chronic Kidney DiseaseChapter 6. DialysisChapter 7. TransplantationChapter 8. Future Treatment OptionsEpilogueAppendixResourcesEducational ResourcesNutritionTransplant Donor WebsitesFinancial AidSmartphone Apps for Chronic Kidney DiseaseGlossaryReferencesAbout the AuthorIndex

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword, by Ronald D. Perrone, MDPrefaceChapter 1. Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 2. What Kidneys DoChapter 3. Why Kidneys FailChapter 4. Diagnosing and Managing Chronic Kidney DiseaseChapter 5. Preventing, Postponing, and Treating Chronic Kidney DiseaseChapter 6. DialysisChapter 7. TransplantationChapter 8. Future Treatment OptionsEpilogueAppendixResourcesEducational ResourcesNutritionTransplant Donor WebsitesFinancial AidSmartphone Apps for Chronic Kidney DiseaseGlossaryReferencesAbout the AuthorIndex

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Book Synopsisstories of postwar nephrology and metabolism. Postwar Uremia is to the nephrologist what the baby is to the nephrology rushed to the fore and supplied nephrologists pediatrician, for it is the final common pathway of literally with such wonderful tools as the flamephotometer, electro- hundreds of disease processes that lead to scarring and destruction of nephrons. . phoresis, microchemistry, immunoassay, sonography, renal biopsy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and un- We estimate that there are well in excess of 300,000 clear magnetic resonance, and permitted a total integration patients in the world living on the varied methodologies of form, histologic structure, and function. Clinical represented by the three basic forms of substituted kidney nephrology became indeed the real fusion of biochemistry, function-hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal physiology, immunology, renal endocrinology, and the transplantation: over 100,000 persons in the United States focus of nTable of ContentsPart One: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance. Part Two: Intrinsic Parenchymal Disease. A: Glomerular. B: Tubulointerstitial. Part Three: Renal Involvement in Systemic Disease. Part Four: Hereditary and Congenital Diseases. Part Five: Neoplasia. Part Six: Chemical and Physical Injuries. Part Seven: Chronic Renal Failure. A: Medical Therapy. B: Peritoneal Dialysis. C: Hemodialysis. D: Transplantation. Part Eight: Hypertension. Part Nine: Urologic Disorders. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe inspiring biography of Donald Seldin, the physician, scientist, and academic leader who transformed the ramshackle Southwestern Medical College into a powerhouse of scientific research and patient care.Trade ReviewA splendid biography of a man who became highly influential in medical education...Raymond Greenberg’s biography of Donald Seldin provides much evidence that the term 'maestro' in the book’s subtitle is well-deserved. * Southwestern Historical Quarterly *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments 1. Welcome to Big D 2. The Nickel Empire 3. Perfect Chemistry 4. War and Peace 5. A New Sheriff in Town 6. Talent Scout 7. Here’s a Dime 8. The Triple Threat 9. Lab Partners 10. The Road to Stockholm 11. A University Worthy of the Department of Medicine 12. A Society Man 13. Go Forth and Prosper 14. Moral Authority 15. Life Partners 16. Joie de Vivre 17. The Final Class Notes Index

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Book SynopsisFor more than 40 years, this well-regarded reference has bridged the gap between basic and clinical sciences for the many disorders associated with electrolyte imbalances and kidney dysfunction. Authoritative and easy to read, the eighth edition has been thoroughly updated by experts in the field to reflect recent developments in renal pathophysiology. Each chapter first introduces normal physiology, then covers each disorder’s clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Helpful diagrams, algorithms, and tables further explain the complex concepts.Key Features: A new two-color format throughout promotes easier comprehension and faster navigation. Redrawn and colorized line drawings make complex concepts easier to understand and more visually appealing. New coverage includes: recent developments in disorders of water homeostasis; substantial new information on genetic hypokalemic and hyperkalemic disorders; new content on calcium, phosphorus, vit

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Book Synopsis Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022 and 2023! Offering authoritative coverage of all aspects of diagnosing, treating, and preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), this highly regarded handbook is an invaluable resource for nephrologists, internists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other healthcare professionals who care for early-stage CKD patients. Incorporating the considerable advances in the field since the previous edition, Handbook of Chronic Kidney Disease Management, 2nd Edition , provides a truly global perspective on managing patients with mild to moderate CKD. Shares the evidence-based expertise of cardiologists, endocrinologists, general internists, and nephrologists, focusing on the care of non-dialysis CKD patients in stages 1–5. Describes guidelines, practices, and approaches to problems associated with CKD, including recent clinical guidelines from both U.S. and internati

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Book SynopsisDiabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause to end-stage renal disease all over the world. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is available to stop its progression. So far, many key issues remain unrevealed in relation to its pathogenesis, new forms of therapy, and complication intervention. In this book, the authors aim to provide updated medical knowledge and practical management strategies to medical professionals who are caring for DN patients based on their ample clinical experiences, strong bench and bedside research background, and tight collaboration with experts in other fields caring for common complications in DN. The authors also want to shed light on the work of bench researchers in fields of DN and its complications from a clinical perspective.

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Book SynopsisUric acid (UA) is an end-product of purine derivatives in human metabolism. Without further metabolism, it is excreted by kidneys and intestinal tract. Its serum concentration is controlled by the balance between production and excretion. High concentration of UA in human body has been discovered to be associated with various diseases, such as gout, hyperuricaemia, Lesch-Nyan disease, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, kidney disease and heart disease. This book discusses the detection, applications and role in health and disease of uric acid.

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Book SynopsisAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health concern because it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While therapies for AKI have improved in recent years, the prevalence of this condition is still high and continues to increase. Considering these clinical issues, the appropriate detection and management of risk factors related to AKI are important issues for clinicians managing AKI patients. This book discusses the forms of detection, predictors and long-term outcomes for acute kidney injuries.

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Book SynopsisVolume 13 begins by examining how lipid abnormalities in chronic kidney disease attract continuous attention due to their unclear involvement in chronic kidney disease patient outcomes. If kidney function declines, inflammation and oxidative stress progress and lipid disturbances develop, and malnutrition may ameliorate dyslipidemia in advanced chronic kidney disease. Although rare, pancreatic trauma can significantly impact the life of a patient, with some requiring a total pancreatectomy which will result in pancreatogenic diabetes. Diagnosis can be difficult, especially in children, with clinical symptoms being absent in many. As such, the authors discuss the current scientific literature on the diagnosis and management of pancreatic trauma and the promising use of autologous islet cell transplant in these patients. The authors go on to present the state-of-art knowledge on the effects of adenotonsillectomy and rapid maxillary expansion on the dentofacial development of children, clarifying what might be expected regarding facial growth after normalizing the mode of breathing and increasing the width of the maxilla. Following this, this compilation summarizes the growth and development processes of the face to describe the theories and mechanisms of facial growth and development. Next, the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and extreme drug resistance tuberculosis is discussed, along with the latest World Health Organization guidelines and policy recommendations for treatment. The literature regarding the clinicopathological features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura is reviewed, focusing on how to differentiate mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura from clinical and pathologic mimics. In the closing study, changes in the molecular mechanism inside an ensemble up to 3 mio Daltons in human muscle in members of one family from eight to 67 years old are investigated using non-invasive gravitational mass spectroscopy.

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Book SynopsisAdenocarcinoma is the predominant malignancy found in the colon and rectum. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the developed world with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. The average five-year survival rate remains poor at 55%, although the development of new drugs has improved the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. The prognosis of colorectal cancer remains poor in spite of the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Human colorectal cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, and its molecular classification is increasingly important. Characterization of novel biomarker targets may lead to prolong the survival rate of colorectal cancer. Biomarkers may have a potential role in screening, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring disease. Mutations in the KRAS gene in ~40% of tumors have been reported to be induced by genetic and epigenetic alterations. This book, comprised of four chapters, introduces recent topics regarding colorectal cancer, and provides recent highlighted information concerning prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, biomedical researchers, and medical doctors focused on the fields of molecular and cellular biology, medical sciences, and clinical challenges.

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Book SynopsisKidney transplantation is a medical procedure performed on patients with end-stage kidney disease that can increase their life expectancy by several years. However, the procedure involves some risk and potential complications. Chapter One of this monograph summarises the current strategy for diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease-associated mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD) in kidney transplant recipients and aims to demonstrate the latest findings and therapeutic options in the field beyond recent published guidelines. Chapter Two describes the necessity of involving a psychiatrist in the transplant team to facilitate positive outcomes in kidney transplants, as psychological factors can contribute to treatment non-compliance and other issues. Chapter Three defines the surgical techniques used in living donor nephrectomy, discusses the use and reliability of these techniques in different patient groups, and examines the long-term follow-up results of donors and recipients. Lastly, Chapter Four discusses the variables involved in treating patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPCKD), whose enlarged and deformed kidneys can complicate kidney transplantation.Table of ContentsPreface; Calcium Phosphorus Metabolism and Mineral Bone Disease after Kidney Transplantation; Psychosocial Assessment of the Live Kidney Donor and Recipient; Donor Nephrectomy Techniques; Nephrectomy Timing for Polycystic Kidneys in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients Listed for Transplantation; Index.

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Book SynopsisKidney cancer usually occurs in older adults and constitutes about 2% of all adult cancers (more frequent in men than women). It is also known as nephrocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and Grawitz''s tumour. This book includes within its scope the prevention, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of kidney cancer. Leading-edge scientific research from throughout the world is presented.

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Book SynopsisKidney transplantation has revolutionised the treatment of end-stage renal failure. Not only does it offer the best hope for complete rehabilitation, but it has also proved to be the most cost-effective of all treatment options, including dialysis. The surgical techniques involved have been mastered for half a century and are now considered routine. Nevertheless, this should not prevent us from appreciating the range and complexity of the issues surrounding kidney transplantation. This book examines the latest research in this field including rejection.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in long-term improvement and outcomes of patients with kidney disease will require the use of novel biomarkers to identify patients at high risk for kidney disease and to diagnose kidney disease early for effective treatment. A biomarker is a substance found in the blood, body fluids or tissues that provides a measure of normal biological or pathological processes or response to pharmacological compounds or drugs. There are a wide variety of biomarkers including but not limited to mRNA, proteins and peptides, and lipid molecules. In AKI, important pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, apoptotic and necrotic cell death and, tubule regeneration may be reflected in blood or urine. An array of candidate markers along with clinical information in long-term clinical studies with appropriate analytical methodologies will likely provide prognostic information. Despite well-known limitations, currently the most widely used biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CKD and AKI are proteinuria, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Most clinicians are aware that serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are poor biomarkers due to inherent characteristics of these molecules and handling by the kidney. Creatinine is secreted and urea nitrogen is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Many endogenous substances interfere in the assay for creatinine. Serum creatinine and urea appear late after acute kidney injury and the serum levels in part depend on the generation (large or small body mass). Acute kidney injury is a non steady state condition thus serum creatinine and urea nitrogen will lag behind kidney injury. For these reasons new biomarkers are imperative. With knowledge of these limitations in use of current biomarkers and the lack of progress in reducing the mortality and morbidity from kidney disease, there has been a great surge of interest in identifying novel biomarkers with a particular emphasis on the early diagnosis of kidney disease. A variety of methods have been employed including transcriptomics, proteomics, gene arrays and lipidomics. Currently, candidate biomarkers have been found in different disorders and have been tested in humans and many candidate biomarkers have yet to be identified. Most studies to date are preliminary and require validation in large multicentre studies followed by commercial assay development validation and testing. This new book outlines the rapid advances made in the field of biomarker development for kidney disease in which a variety of novel molecules have been identified and studied in humans.

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Book SynopsisThe Aravind Eye Care System, based in India, is the worldâs largest provider of high-quality eye care. It is also one of the worldâs most incredible and revolutionary organizations delivering surgical outcomes equal to or exceeding those in the developed world at less than one percent of the cost, treating more than half of its patients free of charge, and taking no grants or donations. Aravindâs success is so perplexing it has been the subject of a popular Harvard Business School case study. This is the first book to explore Aravindâs history and the distinctive philoso-phies, practices, and commitments that are the keys to its successMehta and Shenoy share incredible stories about how Aravind grew from humble beginnings founded by a retired ophthalmologist with no money or prior entrepreneurial experience to the world-class organization it is today. They explain the mysteries of a model that integrates innovation with empathy, service with business principles, and inner change with outer transformation. And they show how choices that seem foolish and unworkable can, when executed with compassion and integ-rity, yield powerful results â results that literally light the eyes of millions.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of the book is to explain the current state of the art use of calcium antagonists in hypertension and, specifically, hypertensive and diabetic kidney disease. The authors offer an up to date insight in the changing world of calcium channel blockers. Furthermore, scientific research has improved drug designs with better pharmacodynamic profile that allows once daily administration and twenty four hours antihypertensive effects. These achievements on effectiveness have been accompanied by reduced effects when compared with classical calcium antagonists. Most interestingly, this book examines new calcium channel blockers, which may effect kidney microcirculation. A comprehensive review of experimental and clinical facts directed to both basic research and clinical practice is also given in this book.

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Book SynopsisThe past three decades witnessed a plethora of scientific investigations into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, which attempt to seek the role of several potential cytokines, growth factors, second messengers, vasoactive factors, and candidate genes in leading to structural and functional demise of the kidneys in diabetes. Establishing more extensive knowledge of pathogenesis is crucial to expand the therapeutic options for diabetic nephropathy. While there are a few monographs dealing with the subject of diabetic nephropathy, this book is an exclusive treatise on the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of this condition. This book offers the most current data on the pathogenic factors incriminated in the nephropathy of diabetes.

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Book SynopsisMuch of the progress in the understanding of the physiology of vitamin D and its role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis has been made in recent years. Active vitamin D plays a central role in the regulation of calcium by increasing calcium and phosphorus absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, by stimulating osteoclast activity and stimulating calcium absorption in the distal tubule. Progressive kidney disease is associated with a decline in production and impairment of the action of vitamin D, which leads to an inadequate serum calcium control. This book clarifies the components in Vitamin D therapy and other health factors in regard to kidney disease.

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Book SynopsisHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects more than 170 million people worldwide and is recognised as both a cause and consequence of end-stage kidney failure. The incidence rates of HCV infection are considerably higher in dialysis patients than in the general population and are 3-fold higher in haemodialysis patients than peritoneal dialysis patients. Risk factors for HCV infection in dialysis patients include blood transfusion number, haemodialysis duration, dialysis unit HCV prevalence, prior kidney transplantation, intravenous drug use, male gender and older age. This book reviews the epidemiology of HCV in dialysis and discusses strategies for screening, transmission prevention, treatment and evaluation/management prior to kidney transplantation.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended for use by nephrologists, internists, hospitals, trainees in these specialties and indeed anyone interested in renal medicine. It contains top-class authoritative and up-to-date reviews by internationally renowned experts coming from some of the best nephrology centres in the world. It covers the diagnosis, causes and management of acute kidney injury. It also includes a discussion of the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, including the use of simple clinical and laboratory data, imaging, proteinomics and renal biopsy. It reviews the general management of chronic kidney disease, including an in-depth analysis of kidney transplant immunology. This book is therefore a comprehensive, authoritative text with clear explanation of even the most complex topics.

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Book SynopsisIn 1989, the nephrology community was confronted with the combination of high tech and high flux, realising for the first time that short, but mathematically "adequate" therapy resulted in unacceptable outcomes. This book discusses issues that doctors must pay close attention to; those that cause the greatest harm to patients. New discoveries prove that chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes a muscle wasting syndrome, and that epo hyporesponsiveness harbingers a variety of underlying etiologies. From renowned surgeons, doctors are gaining practical insights into methods to improve arteriovenous fistula survival and cardiovascular surgery outcomes. The book applies the new information that can now be accessed to meet the personal needs of these patients.

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Book SynopsisThis book with its most comprehensive and illuminating chapters covers all the relevant areas of hemodialysis practice including access for hemodialysis, hemodialysis modeling and membranes, timing of hemodialysis, infections in hemodialysis, the application of hemodialysis in extra-renal disease, the various formats of hemodialysis from nocturnal through SLED to apheresis and the wearable artificial kidney, convective hemodialysis methodologies, and various clinical aspects of hemodialysis including protein-calorie-malnutrition, inflammation, haemoglobin stability and sleep disorders in ESRD patients and so on. Furthermore, the inclusion of such new topics as the syndrome of rapid-onset end stage renal disease (SORO-ESRD), and the place of reduced HBV testing among ESRD patients in regions with less de novo HBV incidence to cut down on costs of delivery of hemodialysis care without loss of quality of care, are new paradigms that would play stronger roles in hemodialysis care, well into the 21st century.

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Book SynopsisKidney failure represents a major health economic burden for all people and all nations. Despite the immense number of factors which can cause the initial injury to the kidneys, common response pathways are triggered which, unless broken, will ultimately lead to irreversible fibrosis within the kidneys. Unfortunately, early injuries to the kidneys can frequently be asymptomatic and chronic kidney disease has often developed before the patient has become aware there is a problem. Once established, chronic kidney disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality for those affected. There has been a large amount of work in recent years focused on the early diagnosis and management of kidney disease to prevent its progression. The purpose of this book is to review the mechanisms which underlie both acute and chronic kidney injury, discuss their diagnosis, complications and management. The first section of this book covers the causes and complications of chronic kidney disease. Initially we review the mechanisms which underlie the progressive fibrosis by which chronic kidney disease progresses. There are then detailed discussions of the cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease. The second section of the book focuses on established end stage renal disease. Reviewing access to renal replacement therapies across ethnicities, the role of home therapies and how their use can be increased and finally we discuss the preparation and maintenance of access for dialysis. The third and final section of the book provides an update for the clinician into the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury. Specifically the diagnosis and management of renal impairment in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias is reviewed and the prevention of acute kidney injury in the critically ill patient is discussed in detail.

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Book SynopsisDespite our efforts at creating clinical performance measures, clinical practice guidelines and intense government regulations, we still have disparities in care, poor outcomes and quality that is inferior to many other nations. Bundling and payment reform challenge the ability to deliver good care to patients even further. Chronic dialysis is at a crossroads. Physicians and providers must incorporate new approaches, reinventing the paradigm of how to plot the course of patient therapy. This book offers new ideas. It is refreshing, timely and engaging, with a wide range of topics by leading authors, each designed to help meet the challenges yet to come.

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Book SynopsisChronic kidney disease is a non-communicable disease that has experienced a global surge in incidence and prevalence over the past few decades, and it has been increasingly considered a major contributor to the global disease burden and mortality. In prior years, most of the awareness and treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly in the developed world, had focused on patients with end stage renal disease, one of the potential outcomes of chronic kidney disease. More recent epidemiological data has shown that the majority of the burden of chronic kidney disease occurs in patients who are in the earlier stages of this condition, prior to end stage renal disease. The opportunities to recognise the signs, symptoms, and complications, and to consider extant treatment paradigms are useful in the global environment (both in developed and developing nations). We are very happy to present this work, authored by an international panel of experts, as a useful addition and tool for the global efforts to address the burden of chronic kidney disease.

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Book SynopsisAcute kidney injury (AKI), defined as an abrupt decrease in renal function over a period of hours to days, is a common complication among hospitalised patients with different acute diseases. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years and is reported to be very high especially in the acute settings. Since clinical signs and symptoms of acute renal damage are not specific, it is difficult to promptly distinguish AKI at the time of patient presentation. Currently the diagnosis of AKI requires serial assessment of laboratory tests over a period of several days, and is based mainly on the evaluation of serum creatinine (sCr) and decrease in urine output as supported by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE) criteria, Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, and the recent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) practice guidelines for AKI. Such a need for repeated sCr evaluations and monitoring of urinary output for too long time after admission could therefore result in a diagnostic delay. With delays in diagnosis, clinicians miss opportunities to start appropriate treatment to minimise damage, and patients incur more severe AKI with subsequent greater risk of developing progression of renal damage leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis and increased risk of severe cardiovascular diseases and death.

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Book SynopsisThis book has been complied by a group of doctors and nurses from all the over the world. The editors of this book aim to ensure that the reader gets the different perspective of how haematuria is managed all over the world. Chapter contributions have been received from the UK, USA, Spain, India, Japan, Albania, Singapore and Sri Lanka. From a patient''s perspective, finding blood in the urine can be a very frightening experience and must be investigated. This book helps provides an update on the common Aetiologies and Management of both adult and paediatric patients. In the book there are contributions from both Nephrologists and Urologists discussing the details of both visible and non-visible haematuria which will help guide the reader with the best management strategies for these groups of patients. Also presented in this book are chapters which purely focus on the patient''s perspective of haematuria.

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Book SynopsisHemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the triad non-immune micro-angiopathic hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The disease mainly affects children one to ten years of age. It begins after an incubation period of 4 to 7 days with abrupt onset of bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Two to ten days later, microangiopathy, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure develop. HUS microangiopathy can involve almost any organ, but damage to kidneys and central nervous system cause the most severe clinical problems. This book discusses the symptoms, the treatment options and prognosis of HUS.

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Book SynopsisVesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. It is a common urological entity among children and it is usually diagnosed in the prenatal period or after episodes of febrile urinary tract infection. Reflux can also be found in post-pubertal patients, but it is less common in this population. Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection involving the kidneys with an incidence in the USA as high as 250.000 cases per year. Most episodes of pyelonephritis are generally considered to be uncomplicated in healthy non pregnant adults. Different risk factors have been identified, such as diabetes, urinary tract obstruction, presence of an indwelling urethral catheter, stent or nephrostomy, functional or anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract, renal transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy and pregnancy. This book discusses the causes, prevalence and treatment approaches of both VUR and pylonephritis.

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Book SynopsisUrolithiasis is one of the oldest documented medical ailments with archeological evidence showing that humans have suffered from kidney and bladder stones for centuries. Urolithiasis is a common multifactorial problem with multi-effect on the patients'' quality of life and an economic burden on the individual and the health system of the country. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors are associated with the risk for stone formation. Among intrinsic factors are race, sex, and genetics. Finding the cause of urolithiasis or establishing it early in life will reduce the consequence and complications of kidney stone disease and hence reduction of the cost in the treatment by establishing preventative measures in addition to patient education. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of urolithiasis as a polygenic (common) or monogenic (rare) forms, however its knowledge and early diagnosis is important for achieving the goals of reducing patient suffering as well as economic burdens that inevitably follow a diagnosis. This book discusses the symptoms, management and prevention strategies of urolithiasis.

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Book SynopsisGlomerulonephritis is a term referring to direct injury of the glomeruli with resulting disturbances of normal glomerular function, progressively leading to renal failure. Glomerular diseases are classified as primary, where glomerular damage is the prime disturbance, with extrarenal manifestations as a result of renal impairment, and secondary, following systemic disorders, infections or exposure to certain drugs. Although noteworthy progress has been made in the past years in the symptomatic and specific treatment, therapy of both primary and secondary glomerulonephritis can be challenging. Management of these patients requires early diagnosis, expert knowledge of the immunosuppressive agents and other drugs currently available for the treatment of each glomerulonephritis, consideration of possible adverse reactions to these drugs, alternative therapeutic strategies in cases of hyporesponsiveness or non-responsiveness of the patient to the treatment, and possible relapses of the disease. This book reviews knowledge of the main primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, with emphasis on current therapeutic strategies and practical recommendations. Glomerulonephritis are grouped according the presence or absence of proliferative histological alternations into primary and secondary proliferative and non-proliferative types. Each chapter deals with etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, natural history and therapeutic options of the commonest primary and secondary glomerular diseases, with exception the last chapter that covers inherited diseases with renal involvement. An atlas of the pathology of the glomerular diseases discussed completes this work.

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Book SynopsisHypospadias is recognised as one the most common congenital malformations in male newborns, resulting in an abnormal opening of urethral meatus. It is regarded as a multifactorial disorder in which interactions between genetics, maternal and environmental factors lead to hypoplastic development of the ventral side of the penis, either dependently or in an interaction with other factors. This book discusses the risk factors of hypospadias. It also examines the epidemiology and surgical outcomes of hypospadias.

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Book SynopsisNephrolithiasis is the third most common diagnosis involving the urinary tract, exceeded only by urinary tract infections and prostate conditions. Uric acid nephrolithiasis accounts for 5-10 % of all kidney stones in the general population in the United States (US) and is noted to be increasing in other parts of the world like Japan, previously known to have a low incidence of this condition. This increase is attributable, at least in part, to westernised eating habits. Other factors which influence development of kidney stones include age, sex and ethnicity. This book discusses in further details, the risk factors, treatment options and ways to prevent nephrolithiasis.

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Book SynopsisThis multi-author book is an important contribution to the fields of nephrology and nephropathology, which is primarily focused on the discussion of the pathogenesis and pathology of nephrotic syndrome. A few primers are available on this subject, but those can be considered as reference works and not suitable for daily or bedside use. The present book has been written with a view to fill this void, at least partially. It is written by many practicing nephrologists and nephropathologists from different parts of the world, in particular, from developing countries. The book not only discusses the etiology and pathology of the disorder but also addresses the new developments and updates on the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome, which is the most common clinical manifestation of medical renal disorders in nephrological practice throughout the world. The book is handy and can be used in the office, classroom and by the patient bedside. It will prove very useful for the beginners in the field of nephrology and nephropathology. The book has been written in easy English, and is very well illustrated to enable easy comprehension and assimilation of the knowledge and information contained in it.

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Book SynopsisKidney cancer is the 10th most common cancer in Europe with overall mortality rates increasing until the late 1980s and early 1990s and thereafter, stabilised. Until recently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was thought to represent a monomorphic disease; however, modern genetic characterisation has demonstrated different subtypes with specific cell types and molecular metabolism. Imaging diagnostic methods are basic for staging and for new treatment strategies. Moreover, tumour biopsy has been reintroduced in the diagnostic armamentarium, mainly in patients with small masses but also when disseminated tumours need to be treated with new target therapies. Although TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and Eastern Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status are the most recognised prognostic factor in RCC, active research continues to determine new prognostic factors to classify different risks for death from RCC. Laparoscopy has gained widespread popularity because of a less morbidity and a faster post-operative convalescence. Partial laparoscopic nephrectomy is a demanding operation that can be made depending on the experience of the surgeon, the size or location of the tumour in the kidney. New robotic approaches are being introduced for nephron sparing surgery. Conversely, cardiac bypass can be necessary for resection of tumours with thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava above the level of hepatic veins. With the advent of modern ablative energies (cryotherapy or radiofrequency) for renal tumours in selected patients with percutaneous or laparoscopic techniques, it is now possible to achieve long cancer specific survival with decreased morbidity. A need for standardisation of follow-up after surgery with lifelong protocols has been recognised in last years. Finally, angiogenesis inhibitors have demonstrated a high probability of disease control in patients with metastatic renal carcinomas. Their indication as adjuvant in local advanced tumours as well as the role of nephrectomy in patients with metastatic disease is being evaluated in current clinical trials.

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Book SynopsisThe field of interventional nephrology needs to be viewed as a new road towards improving the diagnostic methods and the dialysis access care provided to chronic kidney disease patients across the world. The above issues remain a weak link in the training of young nephrologists and a major hurdle both in the planning and maintenance phase of renal replacement therapy, as well as in the accuracy and safety of diagnosing renal impairment causation. Traditionally, the procedural aspect of care has been left in many cases to surgeons and/or radiologists. The above facts lead in many cases to patient inconvenience and high health care cost. The aim of this book is not only learning the necessary skills to perform renal medical procedures, but for nephrologists to assume leadership roles in coordinating a team to provide the best possible care. Mostly, this book is focused on details and "secrets" that can make the results better than we expect. Introducing renal physicians to the insertion of tunneled lines, medical insertion of peritoneal catheters and kidney biopsies (native and transplant) from the nephrologist''s view is a great need in renal society. The primary focus of this book is to generate interest and awareness of the scope of interventional nephrology. The nephrology community across the world needs to evaluate the available resources to discuss the role of various team members and strive to improve patient care. Editors'' and authors experiences are exposed in the book, which tends to help the growth and progress of this subspecialty. The trend is also seen as a recruiting tool to train the nephrology workforce in the future. 

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of Comorbidities in Chronic Kidney Disease is focused on the main clinical syndromes associated with renal failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of comorbidities, potentially complicating patients clinical outcomes. In this volume, both editor and authors have planned a complete review of the main clinical syndromes associated with renal injury and failure. The first chapter is dedicated to epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease, and also introduces risk factors and associated comorbidities. Arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are actually accountable as major risk factors for developing renal disease, and the next chapter is mainly focused on the latest trials in this field. The following chapter is dedicated to pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in patients with declined renal function. The subsequent chapter is exhaustively focused on the clinical features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the diseases complications on kidneys, bone, vessels and heart, from early laboratory findings to severe vascular and heart valvular calcifications. The section that succeeds reflects on secondary anemia and consequent cardiorenal anemia syndrome with particular attention on the latest treatment schedules. Coronary artery disease is also discussed, especially for those concerned with clinical features and laboratory diagnosis in chronic kidney disease patients with impaired clearance of coronary acute syndrome biomarkers. Cardiorenal syndrome and sudden cardiac death are well-established clinical aspects in CKD patients, and they are discussed both in terms of pathophsysiological and clinical features. The book finally ends with two sections on hepato-renal syndrome and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN represents daily challenges for all nephrologists because due to the large amounts of instrumental diagnostic tests and an increasing number of chronic kidney disease patients involved. This volume could be appreciated both by nephrologists and all clinicians involved in chronic patients management due to schematic and practical editing and form.

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