Religious mission and Religious Conversion Books

Book SynopsisJesuit Mission and Submission explains how the Jesuits entered the Manchu world after the Manchus conquered Beijing in 1644. Supported by Qing court archives, the book discovers the Jesuits’ Manchu-style master-slave relationship with the Kangxi emperor. Against the backdrop of this relationship, the book reconstructs the back and forth negotiations between Kangxi and the Holy See regarding Chinese Rites Controversy (1705-1721), and shows that the Jesuits, although a group of foreign priests, had close access to Kangxi and were a trusted part of the Imperial circle. This book also redefines the rise and fall of the Christian mission in the early Qing court through key events, such as the Calendar Case and Yongzheng’s prohibition of Christianity.Trade Review"Jesuit Mission and Submission by Swen Litian is a thought-provoking, intelligently researched and presented, and very timely publication that I would advise all students of early Qing China and of the Jesuit missionary enterprise to read without delay." -Lars Peter Laamann, SOAS, University of London Journal of Jesuit Studies, 157-160. "Litian Swen's work Jesuit Mission and Submission expands our understanding of the oft-celebrated Qing-era Jesuit missions through a thorough reorientation of the Jesuit experience as part of preexisting Manchu cultural traditions. By expanding the early modern cultural-conflicts paradigm by situating it in the context of Manchu culture, rather than the traditional Chinese-Western dichotomy, Swen brings a new perspective to well-trod historiographical ground... This work represents a significant shift in our understanding of cultural conflicts in early modern China." -Ashleigh Ikemoto, Georgia College and State University, The Journal of Asian Studies, 187-188. "Swen's persistent focus on individuals (particularly emperors Kangxi and Yongzheng) and their family network also serves to explain how occurrences that elude historical patterns such as coincidences, personal choices, and unpredictable events can all contribute to shape history. It is in this light that Swen recommends historians to reassess the rise and fall of the Jesuit mission to China so as to provide a fresh perspective on a narrative otherwise focused on its inevitable failure. Such an original and well-documented argument, alongside the author’s meticulous analysis of the sources, are only two of the elements that make Swen’s study a valuable and welcome contribution to the field." -Giulia Falato, University of Oxford, Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 692-695. "The combination of striking success and dramatic failure of the Jesuit missionaries as advisors to the seventeenth and eighteenth century Chinese imperial court has long attracted the attention of historians. Jesuit Mission and Submission by Swen Litian 孫立天 represents the latest effort to explain the dynamics of this unique historical relationship. As a revision of his dissertation (2019) and as a first book, it is a very impressive effort. The most successful part of the book deals with Swen’s attempt to show how the nature of the Beijing Jesuits’ relationship to the imperial court changed at the time of the Ming–Qing transition." -D. E. Mungello, Baylor University, Monumenta Serica, Journal of Oriental StudiesTable of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Introduction 1 Confusions over the Relationship between Kangxi and the Jesuits 2 The Cultural-Conflicts Paradigm and Its Problems 3 Manchu’s Master-Slave Relationship 4 Booi Slaves and Qing Rulership 5 The Imperial Household Department in the Qing Power Network 6 Missionaries and the Imperial Household Department 7 Were the Missionaries Booi Slaves of Kangxi? 8 Viewing Missionaries through the Lens of the Master-Slave Relationship PART 1 The Jesuits’ Identity and Qing Rulership, 1644–1705 1 Jesuits and Their Entrance in the Manchu World 1 Captives in a Battlefield 2 Jesuits as Slaves and the Legacy of the Tong Clan 3 Manchus’ Impression of Europeans 4 Jesuits’ First Helpers 5 Jesuits’ Involvement in the Cannon Business 6 The Tong Clan and the Jesuits 7 Released from the Slave Status 8 Conclusion 2 The Jesuits’ Strategic Turn 1 Missionaries Arrested: the Calendar Case of 1664 2 The Manchu Way or the Chinese Way? 3 Manchu’s Religious Policies 4 Confucian-Christian Relationship on Schall’s Birthday 5 Yang Guangxian: Not a Confucian 6 Divination and Confucianism 7 Schall’s Involvement in Chinese Divination 8 Trials, and Buglio and de Magalhaens’s Manchu Network 9 Conclusion 3 The Jesuits and Kangxi’s Imperial Household Department 1 Kangxi’s Political Backbone 2 Jesuits’ Contributions 3 Jesuits’ Participation in Court Politics 4 Verbiest’s Strategy and Legacy 5 The Edict of Toleration 6 The Jesuits’ Identity in the Kangxi Court 7 The New French Jesuits and Their Network 8 Conclusion PART 2 Emperor Kangxi’s Negotiations with the Pope, 1705–1721 4 Kangxi, the Jesuits, and the First Papal Legation to China 1 The Kangxi Emperor and His Empire before 1705 2 The Papal Legation in Kangxi’s Eyes 3 The First Audience 4 The Chinese Rites Controversy During de Tournon’s Stay in Beijing 5 The Farewell Audience 6 The Jesuits’ Omission 7 After the Farewell Audience 8 Piao< 9 Conclusion 5 Kangxi’s Fourteen-Year Wait and the Second Papal Legation 1 Waiting for a Response from Rome 2 The Red Manifesto: Kangxi’s Open Letter to Europe 3 Kangxi’s Unusual Patience: Why? 4 Making Threats and Making the Deal 5 Conclusion PART 3 The Prohibition in 1724 6 The Yongzheng Emperor and Christian Missionaries 1 Kangxi’s Late Years 2 Yongzheng’s Enthronement 3 Missionaries’ Efforts 4 Why Did Yongzheng Prohibit Christianity 5 Yongzheng’s Own Explanations for Prohibition 6 The Prohibition from the View of Others 7 Buddhism: the Basis of Yongzheng’s Intellectual and Spiritual Mind 8 Buddhism and Its Influence on Yongzheng 9 Yongzheng’s Buddhism and the Prohibition of Christianity 10 Conclusion Postscripts: Coincidences? the Rise and Fall of the Christian Mission Appendix 1 Yongzheng’s Letter to Nian Gengyao Regarding the Master-Slave Relation Appendix 2 Kangxi’s Note to Threaten the Prohibition of Christianity Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Intimate Diversity Paul Smith explores theological implications of interreligious marriage. Taking a practical theology approach which begins with lived experience and works through a pastoral cycle involving interpretation, normative discussion and a pragmatic outcome, the book challenges the Church of England (or other denominations) fulfil three tasks: theological, pastoral and missional. Paul Smith accepts the reality of marriage that involves couples from different religious traditions and proposes ways of justifying such marriage based on normative Christian traditions. He takes a broadly missional approach, advocating the positive role that the Church of England can play in fostering good interreligious relations in society whilst offering sympathetic pastoral support of couples who marry across religious divides.Trade Review"Intimate Diversity is a rich book; its conversation with numerous theological interlocutors brings together many strands of current thinking about interreligious encounter and of the debates about the nature of marriage (recently, the latter has often taken place in the context of discussions about same-sex marriages). The intertwining of these strands leads to a complicated but rewarding theology for interreligious marriage in the second part of the book." - Gé Speelman, Protestant Theological University, The Netherlands, in: Exchange (2023). "A book like The Origins of Anglican Moral Theology has been needed for quite some time, and by writing it Sedgwick has given a great gift to scholars of Anglicanism, church history, and theological ethics." - Stewart Clem, Aquinas Institute of Theology, USA, in: Anglican Theological Review (2022).

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Book SynopsisFrom the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, members of the Society of Jesus played an important role in the urban life of Spanish America and as administrators of frontier missions. This study examines the organization of the Society of Jesus in Spanish America in large provinces, as well as the different urban institutions such as colegios and frontier missions. It outlines the spiritual and educational activities in cities. The Jesuits supported the royal initiative to evangelize indigenous populations on the frontiers, but the outcomes that did not always conform to expectations. One reason for this was the effect of diseases such as smallpox on the indigenous populations. Finally, it examines the 1767 expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories. Some died before leaving the Americas or at sea. The majority reached Spain and were later shipped to exile in the Papal States.Table of ContentsJesuits in Spanish America before the Suppression Organization and Demographic and Quantitative Perspectives  Robert H. Jackson  Abstract  Keywords  1 Introduction  2 The Jesuit Organization and Recordkeeping in Spanish America  3 Good Times, Bad Times: The Urban Role of the Jesuits  4 The Missions among the Guaraní  5 The Jesuit Missions of Sinaloa and Sonora  6 Jesuit Missions among Non-sedentary Indigenous Populations  7 The Jesuit Expulsion from Spanish America in 1767  8 Conclusion  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisEstablished in 1638 in a vast Amazonian territory that today encompasses border areas of Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil, the missions of Maynas were one of the Society of Jesus’s main enterprises in Spanish America. Jesuit writings provide a unique insight into the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century encounters between Europeans and indigenous peoples. In effect, they shed light on how native Amazonians appropriated elements of Christian religiosity and Iberian urban culture. This book is not only about how indigenous populations experienced life in missions. It is above all a study of how natives actively engaged with the practices and ideas of settlement and religiosity that the Jesuits transmitted.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Introduction 1 Images of Natives  1 “Friendly” and “Barbaric” Indians  2 Settlers, Missionaries, and Imagined Indians  3 Encomenderos and Images of Natives 2 Images of the Devil  1 The Devil in Amazonia  2 The Devil’s Physical Presence  3 Shamans and the Devil 3 Missionary Entradas and Ethnic Processes  1 Missionary Entradas and Punitive Expeditions  2 Modus Operandi  3 Parcialidades and Ethnicities 4 Territorial Disputes and the Financing of the Missionary Enterprise  1 On the Frontiers of the Real Patronato  2 Origins of the Resources  3 Procurators, Martyrs, and Territorial Possession  4 The Missionaries’ Annual Synod  5 The Trade in Mission Products  6 The Missionary Shortage 5 Between Captivity and Conversion: Spanish Jesuits, Portuguese Carmelites, and Indigenous Peoples  1 Carmelites  2 War Troops and Ransoming Troops  3 Ransoming Troops and the Carmelites  4 The Rhetoric of Conquest and Indigenous Agency 6 Mediators of the Sacred: Missionaries’ Indigenous Auxiliaries  1 Cabildantes and fiscales de doctrina  2 Competitive Sociability  3 Fault and Correction  4 Reversibility and Reframing 7 “A Veritable Jungle of Languages”: Jesuits, Language Policy, and Cultural Translation  1 Challenges Involved in Learning  2 The Interpreters  3 Aspects of Language Policy  4 Vocabularies and Catechisms  5 The Translation of Christian Doctrine 8 Conversions  1 Jesuits and Shamans  2 Catechesis and Mass in the Daily Life of Missions  3 Forms of Appropriating Catholic Festivals and Devotions  4 Ambiguities Surrounding the Sacraments  5 Civil Customs and Religious Rites Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume looks at both Jesuit efforts to engage Muslim populations with Europe, such as the Moriscos, and the work of Jesuit missionaries and others in settings such as Constantinople. The activities of the Society of Jesus along the eastern frontier with the Ottoman Empire is detailed, as are the careers of individual Jesuits such as Tomás de León and Antonio Possevino who devoted much of their careers to responding to the claims of Islam and the pressures applied on Christian Europe by Muslim polities. Less well-known Jesuit personalities such as the translator Ignazio Lomellini are also profiled.

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Book SynopsisIn Jesuit Art, Mia Mochizuki considers the artistic production of the pre-suppression Society of Jesus (1540–1773) from a global perspective. Geographic and medial expansion of the standard corpus changes not only the objects under analysis, it also affects the kinds of queries that arise. Mochizuki draws upon masterpieces and material culture from around the world to assess the signature structural innovations pioneered by Jesuits in the history of the image. When the question of a ‘Jesuit style’ is rehabilitated as an inquiry into sources for a spectrum of works, the Society’s investment in the functional potential of illustrated books reveals the traits that would come to define the modern image as internally networked, technologically defined, and innately subjective.Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction  1.1 Jesuit Art  1.2 Context  1.3 Resources  1.4 Rationale Part 2: Sources  2.1 A “Jesuit Style”?  2.2 The Spiritual Exercises (Exercitia spiritualia)  2.3 The Evangelicae historiae imagines  2.4 The Imago primi saeculi Societatis Iesv Part 3: Contributions  3.1 The Networked Image  3.2 The Technological Image  3.3 The Subjective Image Part 4: In Place of a Conclusion  4.1 What If There Was No Jesuit Art? Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the strategies adopted by the Jesuit missions under the Portuguese and Spanish patronage before Islamic powers such as the Mughal Empire in South Asia and the expansion of Islam in the Southeast Asian peripheries. Based on a comparative perspective, this book examines the interconnections between the Jesuit proselytizing activities and the imperial projects of the Iberian crowns in Asia, highlighting the role of the Jesuit missionaries operating in Asian Islamic settings as diplomatic and cultural mediators. It is aimed at researchers and students working on Jesuit missions in South Asia, the Portuguese and Spanish empires in Asia, early modern cross-cultural diplomacy, early modern travel accounts, and early modern ethnography.Table of ContentsContents Preliminary Note Abstract Keywords  1 Introduction  2 Jesuits and Islam in the Portuguese Estado the Índia  3 Diplomacy and Proselytizing in the Deccan: The Jesuit Missions to Bijapur (c.1561–1667)  4 Hoping for a New Constantine: the Jesuit Mission to the Mughal Court (1580–1773)  5 Jesuit–Islam Interaction in the Southern Philippines and the Moluccas (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries)  6 Mindanao, Sulu, and the Spanish–Moro Wars (Seventeenth Century)  7 Mindanao, Sulu, and the Spanish–Moro Wars (Eighteenth Century)  8 Conclusion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe Society of Jesus began a tradition of collecting books and curating those collections at its foundation. These libraries were important to both their European sites and their missions; they helped build a global culture as part of early modern European evangelization. When the Society was suppressed, the Jesuits’ possessions were seized and redistributed, by transfer to other religious orders, confiscation by governments, or sale to individuals. These possessions were rarely returned, and when, in 1814, the Society was restored, the Jesuits had to begin to build new libraries from scratch. Their practices of librarianship, though not their original libraries, left an intellectual legacy which still informs library science today. While there are few European Jesuit universities left, institutions of higher learning administered by the Society of Jesus remain important to the intellectual development of students and communities around the world, supported by large, rich library collections.

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Book SynopsisThis pioneering work in Sino-Western exchange evinced sophisticated strategies to accommodate Christianity to the Chinese context. Featuring a critical edition of the Chinese and Latin texts, which are both translated into English for the first time. An introduction, biography, and rich annotations are provided to situate this text in its cultural and intellectual context.Trade Review'This annotated translation establishes a new milestone in scholarship on Michele Ruggieri, co-founder of the Jesuit China mission. Through a painstaking and judicious analysis of sources in multiple European and Asian languages, Canaris unveils many previously unknown or underappreciated facets of Ruggieri’s journey, character, missionary approach, and Sinological scholarship.' Qiong Zhang, Associate Professor, Dept. of History, Wake Forest UniversityTable of ContentsAbbreviations List of Figures Introduction  Daniel Canaris  1 Rediscovering Ruggieri  2 The Composition of the Tianzhu shilu  3 Tianzu shilu and the Catechism Genre  4 The Reception of the Tianzu shilu  5 The Revised Edition Published under the Vice-Provincial Francisco Furtado  6 This Present Edition and Translation The Life of Michele Ruggieri  Wang Huiyu 王慧宇 and Daniel Canaris  1 Before China  2 China  3 Ruggieri’s Return to Europe Critical Edition of the True Record of the Lord of Heaven 新編西竺國天主實錄 / The Newly Revised True Record of the Lord of Heaven from Western India  天主實錄引 / Preface to the True Record of the Lord of Heaven  新編西竺國天主實錄目錄 / Contents of the Newly Revised True Record of the Lord of Heaven from Western India  新編天主實錄  真有一位天主 / Chapter 1: There Truly Is One Lord of Heaven  天主事情 / Chapter 2: Attributes of the Lord of Heaven  觧釋世人冐認天主 / Chapter 3: Explanation of People’s Misconceptions about the Lord of Heaven  天主制作天地人物 / Chapter 4: The Creation of the World  天人啞噹章 / Chapter 5: The Angels and Adam  論人魂不滅大異禽獸 / Chapter 6: Discussion on How the Immortal Human Soul (renhun 人魂) Differs from the Animal Soul  觧釋魂歸四䖏 / Chapter 7: Explanation of the Four Places Where the Soul Goes  自古及今天主止有降其規誡三端 / Chapter 8: The Lord of Heaven Has Only Sent Down His Law on Three Occasions from Antiquity to This Day  天主賦人第三次之規誡 / Chapter 9: The Commandments That the Lord of Heaven Gave to People the Third Time  觧釋第三次與人規誡事情 / Chapter 10: Explanation of the Third Law Given to People  觧釋人當誠信天主事實 / Chapter 11: Explanation of the Truths about the Lord of Heaven That People Must Earnestly Believe  天主十誡 / Chapter 12: The Ten Commandments of the Lord of Heaven  觧釋第一面碑文 / Chapter 13: Explanation of the First Side of the Tablet  觧釋天主第二碑文中有七條事情 / Chapter 14: Explanation of the Seven Commandments on the Other Side of the Tablet  觧釋僧道誠心修行升天之正道 / Chapter 15: Explanation of the Orthodox Way Preached by the Monk for Earnest Ascetic Practice and Ascending to Heaven  觧釋淨水除前罪 / Chapter 16: Explanation of How Cleansing Water Removes Sin Vera et brevis divinarum rerum expositio / True and Brief Exposition of Divine Things  PROOEMIUM / Introduction  Index Capitum / Index of Chapters  CAPUT PRIMUM. Ostenditur unum esse Deum / Demonstration That God Is One  CAPUT SECUNDUM. De divinis virtutibus / On the Divine Virtues  CAPUT TERTIUM. Declarantur huiusmodi errores circa Dei cognitionem / Proclamation of the Errors about the Knowledge of God  CAPUT QUARTUM. Agitur de his quae pertinent ad Deum omnium creatorem, et disseritur de rerum creatione / On the Things That Pertain to God as Creator of All Things and on the Creation of the World  CAPUT QUINTUM. Agitur de eventu angelorum, et primorum parentum / On the Fall of the Angels and of the First Parents  CAPUT SEXTUM. Ostenditur animum esse immortalem / Demonstration That the Soul Is Immortal  CAPUT SEPTIMUM. Agitur de ijs quae pertinent ad Deum legislatorem et quoties lex divina promulgata fuerit / About Those Things Pertaining to God as Legislator and How Many Times the Divine Law Has Been Promulgated  CAPUT OCTAVUM. Prosequitur Christianus tertiae legis divinae promulgationem, et Deum assumpsisse naturam humanam exponit / The Christian Continues the Proclamation of the Third Divine Law and Explains That God Assumed Human Nature  CAPUT NONUM. De articulis fidei / On the Articles of Faith  CAPUT DECIMUM. De christianae legis mandatis / On the Commandments of the Christian Law  CAPUT UNDECIMUM. De Consilijs a Christo propositis / On the Counsels Proposed by Christ  CAPUT DUODECIMUM. De Sacramentis a Christo institutis / On the Sacraments Instituted by Christ  CAPUT DECIMUMTERTIUM. Agitur de Deo quatenus remunerator est / On God as Redeemer Appendix: True Record of the Holy Religion of the Lord of Heaven  天主聖敎實錄總目 / Contents of “A True Record of the Holy Religion of the Lord of Heaven”  天主聖性章 / Chapter 7: Divine Nature of the Lord of Heaven  解釋魂歸五所章 / Chapter 8: The Five Places Where Souls Return  解釋人當誠信天主事實章 / Chapter 11: Explanation of the Truths about the Lord of Heaven That People Must Believe Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe first scholarly work on the subject by leading scholars in the field, Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP) and China examines the variety of ways in which MEP missionaries complemented and complicated Catholic Church and French engagement with Chinese society. Key players in the Church’s overseas missions in the Far East, many MEP missionaries spent their entire lives working with ordinary Chinese. This volume explores the proactive engagement of MEP missionaries in Bible translation and cultural accommodation, their evangelization efforts in local communities, and the interaction between MEP representatives and various local groups. Each study in this book responds to one or more of the major themes in the history of Christianity in China that include conflicts, accommodations, indigenization, imperialism, and nationalism. Contributors are François Barriquand, Jean Charbonnier, Yanrong Chen, Lina Guo, Zhijie Kang, Ji Li, Matthieu Masson, Jean-Paul Wiest, Qing Wu, Hongyan Xiang, Ernest Young, and Aidong Zhao.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Notes on Contributors List of Figures and Tables Introduction: Placing the Société des Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP) in Late Imperial and Modern China  Ji Li Part 1 Cultural accommodation in the 17th and 18th centuries 1 Nobis Solis Sinensibus: When Jean Basset Identified Himself as Chinese in Order to Promote the Term Shangdi  François Barriquand 2 Telling Biblical Stories in Chinese: A Case Study of Two Gospel Texts  Yanrong Chen 3 The Formulation and Implementation of Rules for Virgins and its Influence on the Historical Process of Chinese Church  Zhijie Kang and Qing Wu Part 2 Intensification of Evangelization in the Early and Mid-19th Century 4 Roman Catholic Presence in Guangdong at the Time of the Return of the MEP in the Mid-19th Century  Jean-Paul Wiest 5 La Mort d’ Auguste Chapdelaine : Prétexte d’ une Guerre, Occasion du Protectorat Religieux de la France en Chine  Matthieu Masson Part 3 Expansion of MEP Presence in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries 6 Bishop Guillemin and the Creation of MEP’s Real Estate Empire in South China  Hongyan Xiang 7 MEP Missionary Educational Endeavors in Modern Southwest China: A Case Study of Latin School and Kanghua Elementary School in Kangding  Aidong Zhao 8 Le Procès en diffamation de Paul-Hubert Perny: Un aperçu de la sinologie française dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle  Lina Guo Conclusion: Vignettes of Responses by MEP Missionaries to China, 1886–1936  Ernest P. Young Appendix: MEP in China: A Chronology from the 17th Century to the Present  Jean-Pierre Charbonnier Index

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Book SynopsisThis study is the first book that explores how the Catholic Mass was introduced and propagated in late Imperial China. Its dynamic exploration reveals the tension between localized and global forms of Catholic rituals, especially the tension faced by missionaries and Chinese Catholics, who were caught up between the Chinese tradition and the Catholic one. Drawing on rich primary sources, some of which are rarely noticed in the field, this book unfolds the intriguing interactions between the Mass and various cultural expressions of Chinese society, including traditional religion, architecture, art, literature, government, and theology.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Introduction to Ritual Interactions around Mass  1 Prologue  2 Paradigm of Ritual Interaction  3 Ite Missa Est  4 Structure and Sources 1 Object of Worship: Grand Ritual of Sacrifice to the Lord of Heaven  1 The Lord of Heaven as Object of Worship  2 Jesus as Object of Worship in Mass  3 Conclusion 2 Intention of Worship: Mass for Salvation of the Souls of the Deceased  1 Salvation of the Souls of the Deceased at Catholic Funeral  2 Relationship between Mass and Sacrifice to Ancestors  3 Salvation of Souls of the Deceased in the Communion of Merits  4 Conclusion 3 Performer of Worship: Indigenous Clergy along with Indigenous Liturgy  1 Catholic Priest’s Multiple Identities in China  2 Anticlericalism against the Teaching of the Lord of Heaven  3 Indigenous Clergy and Indigenous Liturgy  4 Conclusion 4 Place of Worship: Ritual Space and Ritual Time of Mass  1 Ritual Space of Mass  2 Ritual Time of Mass  3 Christendom in Chinese Society  4 Conclusion 5 On-Going Interactions  1 Glocalization of Catholic Rituals in Chinese Society  2 Applications of the Metaphor of Weaving  3 Tension between Inheritance and Adaptation  4 The Intermediary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe present volume brings together scholars from all over the world in an open section and three special sections that explore how lesser-heard and unheard voices may be studied. Special section 1, Religion in Higher Education interrogates lived experiences of religion in higher education contexts and how certain voices are marginalised and minoritised. Special section 2, Cultural Blindness in Psychology, explores how culture as a lived experience, especially in its religious dimension, is rendered invisible in psychological science. Finally, special section 3 entitled Religious Authority in Practice in Contemporary Evangelical, Charismatic, and Pentecostal Christianity outlines “evangelicalism” and introduces “authority” as a sociological concept from various theoretical perspectives.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores the important legacy of Scottish missions to China, with a focus on the missionary-scholar and Protestant sinologist par excellence James Legge (1815–1897). It challenges the simplistic caricature of Protestant missionaries as Orientalizing imperialists, but also shows how the Chinese context and Chinese persons “converted” Scottish missionaries in their understandings of China and the broader world. Scottish Missions to China brings together essays by leading Chinese, European, and North American scholars in mission history, sinology, theology, cultural and literary studies, and psychology. It calls attention to how the historic enterprise of Scottish missions to China presents new insights into Scottish-Chinese and British-Chinese relations. Contributors are: Joanna Baradziej, Marilyn L. Bowman, Alexander Chow, Gao Zhiqiang, Joachim Gentz, David Jasper, Christopher Legge, Lauren F. Pfister, David J. Reimer, Brian Stanley, Yang Huilin, Zheng Shuhong.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Notes on Romanization Introduction  Alexander Chow Part 1: The Man, James Legge 1 Pulling the Plank Out of One’s Own Eye: Reflective Moments of Transformation Gained from James Legge’s Christian Engagement with Four Notable Chinese Persons  Lauren F. Pfister 2 Psychological Research and the Roots of James Legge’s Resilience  Marilyn L. Bowman 3 Legge in Oxford  David Jasper Part 2: Scottish Missions in China 4 William Chalmers Burns in China  David J. Reimer 5 China through Women’s Eyes: The Contribution of Female Missionaries in Manchuria to the Image of China at the Turn of the 19th Century  Joanna Baradziej 6 The Anglo–Chinese College as a Bridge between the East and the West in Morrison and Legge’s Time  Gao Zhiqiang Part 3: Translators and Translations 7 The Translator’s Identity and Its Paradox: James Legge and Gu Hongming  Yang Huilin 8 James Legge’s Hermeneutical Methodology as Revealed in His Translation of the Daxue  Zheng Shuhong 9 “God Has Conferred Even on the Inferior People a Moral Sense”: Legge’s Concept of the “People” (min) in His Translation of the Book of Documents  Joachim Gentz 10 Finding God’s Chinese Name: A Comparison of the Approaches of Matteo Ricci and James Legge  Alexander Chow Part 4: Legge and His Legacy Afterword: James Legge and the Missionary Tradition in British Sinology  Brian Stanley Postscript: Living in the Shadows  Christopher Legge Index

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Book Synopsis“The future of the Church is in Asia.” (Pope Francis to the Philippine Cardinal Tagle.) Asian Catholic bishops have taken up this challenge since 1970; they show how the Asian Church navigates itself in the midst of Asian religious and cultural plurality. An image of a harmonious, dialogical and inclusive church with its wayfarer’s theology emerges in the theological thought of Asian bishops. This book also shows that the Asian Catholic Church is a lively and vibrant communion of local Churches, whose fresh and inspiring theological thought should be studied and welcomed outside of Asia as well.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1 The Search for a New Identity – The 1970 Asian Bishops’ Meeting as the Beginning of the FABC  2 Features of the Development of Contextual Theologies  3 A Few Pioneering Asian Catholic Contextual Theologians  4 Task of This Study and Its Method and Sources  5 Motivation of This Study and Earlier Research on the FABC’s Theology 2 Asian Contexts Challenge the Christian Gospel in Asia  1 Towards Being Asian  2 Harmony as a Major Element of an Asian Worldview 3 Towards an Asian Understanding of Truth  1 Asian Truth: Universal, Practical, and Non-exclusivist  2 Dialogue as a Means towards a Better Understanding of Truth  3 The Asian Wayfarer on the Way towards Truth  4 The FABC’s Wayfaring Theology Challenges Traditional Understanding of Church’s Tradition 4 The FABC’s Encounter with Asian Contextual Realities  1 Word of God/Logos spermatikos as a Bridge-Builder between the Universal and the Local  2 The FABC in Dialogue with Asian Religions  3 The FABC in Dialogue with Asian Cultures  4 The FABC in Dialogue with Asian Socio-Political Realities (the Poor)  5 The Question of Sin with Regard to Asian Contextual Realities  6 Logos, Christ, and the Spirit 5 The Local Church in Service of Asian Peoples  1 Searching for Asian Faces of Jesus  2 An Asian Church with an Asian Face of Jesus: What Kind of Community, What Kind of Mission?  3 A Theological Methodology Compatible with Asia 6 Postscript: The FABC during the Pontificate of Pope Francis 7 Conclusions: The Journey Continues  1 Conclusion Based on the Postscript Chapter Bibliography Author Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisIn Theology, Empowerment, and Prison Ministry Meins G.S. Coetsier offers a new scholarly account of Karl Rahner’s theological anthropology and the prison pastorate with a contemporary expansion for meaning, seeking an antidote to the suffering and isolation of those incarcerated with a “theology of empowerment.” Drawing on prison ministry theorists and practitioners, and on the experiences of Viktor Frankl, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Etty Hillesum, the book argues that Rahner’s views on prison ministry are significant and encouraging but limited regarding the needs and demands of 21st-century prison ministry. In a convincing, perceptive, and groundbreaking study, Coetsier goes beyond Rahner with ecumenical and interreligious perspectives, reminding us all of our human dignity, of meaning and transformation, of our liberation, creativity, hope and community.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction 1 Karl Rahner’s Anthropology and Gaudium et Spes  Introduction  1 Karl Rahner’s Theological Anthropology  2 Anthropology of Gaudium et Spes  3 Anonymous Christianity  Conclusion 2 Karl Rahner on the Prison Pastorate  Introduction  1 Finding Christ in Prisoners (Christus in den Gefangenen)  2 Finding Ourselves in the Prisoners  3 The Hidden Truth of Our Own Situation  Conclusion 3 Rahner’s Limitations – Responses and Challenges  Introduction  1 Where Rahner’s Anthropology and “The Prison Pastorate” Fall Short  2 Response to Rahner’s Limitations  3 Two Further Questions  Conclusion 4 Rahner’s Edges – Incarceration from a Prisoner’s Perspective  Introduction  1 The Will to Meaning  2 Three Mental Stages  3 Prison Perspectives  Conclusion 5 Beyond Rahner – Towards a Theology of Prison Ministry  Introduction  1 The Situation of Prisoners Today  2 The Need for a Theology of Empowerment  3 Elements of a Theology of Empowerment (Theologie der Stärkung)  Conclusion Conclusion Chronology Bibliography Plates Index

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Book SynopsisBased on the translation of the Correct Explanation of the Tang “Stele Eulogy on the Luminous Teaching” (1644) by the Jesuit Manuel Dias Jr. and other late Ming Chinese Christian sources, the book reconstructs the process of interpretation and “appropriation” of the Xi’an stele and other ancient Christian relics by the Jesuit missionaries and their Chinese converts.Table of ContentsPreface Abbreviations List of Figures Introduction 1 A Venerable Ancestor: The Appropriation of Tang Christianity by Jesuit Missionaries and Chinese Converts  1 The Context: The Tang Christian Stele and Its Interpretations  2 The Precious Stele: A Foundation Stone for the Seventeenth-Century China Mission  3 The Holy Crosses: The Xi’an Stone Confirmed by Other Ancient Traces of Christianity in China 2 A Multi-Level Commentary: The Correct Explanation of the Tang “Stele Eulogy on the Luminous Teaching” by Manuel Dias Jr.  1 Between Interpretation, Instruction, and Apology: The Contents  2 A Complex Work with a Long Life: The Structure, Editions, and Reprints  3 The Man behind the Text: The Author Annotated translation Preliminary Note on the Translation “Correct Explanation of the Tang Stele Eulogy on the Luminous Teaching” (Tang jingjiao beisong zhengquan 唐景教碑頌正詮) by Manuel Dias Jr., s.j.  Preface  《景教流行中國碑頌并序》  [Ancient Traces of the Heavenly Studies]  Correct Explanation of the Stele Eulogy on the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching in China Appendix 1: “After Reading the Stele Inscription of the Luminous Teaching” (Du jingjiao beishu hou 讀景教碑書後, 1625) By Li Zhizao 李之藻 Appendix 2: “Stele Inscription for the Church of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiaotang beiji 景教堂碑記, between 1625 and 1627) By Xu Guangqi 徐光啓 Appendix 3: “A Clarification about an Iron Cross” (Tie shizi zhu 鐵十字著, 1627) By Xu Guangqi 徐光啓 Appendix 4: “Preface to the Stele with a Cross Unearthed in Wurong” (Wurong chudi shizijia beixu 武榮出地十字架碑序, 1633) By Zhang Geng 張賡 Appendix 5: “A Poem in Honor of Giulio Aleni, s.j.” (Late Ming dynasty) By Ke Xianshi 柯憲世 Appendix 6: “Outline of the Orthodox Way of the Lord of Heaven” (Tianzhu zhengdao jielüe 天主正道解略, 1644) By José Estevão de Almeida, s.j. and Inácio da Costa, s.j. Appendix 7: “A Study of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao kao 景教考, ca. 1644) By Qian Qianyi 錢謙益 Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis study of the pioneer mission to the Zulu people differs from others in South African mission studies by offering a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between mission and church during the formatives stages in the making of an African Christian community, both in America and in British Natal. Critical scholars continue to view the Western mission enterprise as an adjunct if not a tool of colonialism or at best a clash of cultures between white mission powerbrokers and powerless black Christian acolytes. The author argues that they were partners from the beginning, and in this endeavor the Christian identities of the missionaries as well as the Zulu were changed forever.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Note on Sources Maps Introduction: The Contexts of Study  1 An Alternative to Missionaries as Part of the Colonial Project 1 Christian Narratives in Pre- and Post-Revolution America  1 The Puritan Legacy of Colonial New England   1.1 A Special People  2 The First Great Awakening and Its Impact before and after the War of Independence   2.1 Religious Rhetoric during and after the Revolution   2.2 Religious Toleration Free from Government Interference  3 The Second Great Awakening and Its Impact on Post-Colonial America   3.1 An All American Awakening   3.2 A Religion for the Masses   3.3 The American Bible Society  4 The Impact of the Second Awakening on Calvinist New England  5 The Impact of the Revivals on Social and Religious Practices in the Nineteenth Century   5.1 A New Patriarchal Marriage and Family Model   5.2 Benevolent Societies and Moral Crusades   5.3 The American Board and the Anti-slavery Movement 2 The American Board and the Evangelization of the World  1 A Postmillennial View of Religion and Culture   1.1 Being in and Not of the World  2 The Beginnings of a Foreign Mission Enterprise   2.1 Young Turks   2.2 Formation of the American Board   2.3 Overseers of the Foreign Mission Program  3 A Golden Age: The Era of Rufus Anderson   3.1 The Senior Secretary  4 Between Mission Theory and Practice  5 Foreign Missions Started before the Civil War   5.1 Proponents of the Three Self Program   5.2 Ramifications of the Three Self Program  6 Board Missions to “Primitive Cultures” 3 Laying the Foundations of an American Missionary Culture  1 Colleges of Choice for Men of the Zulu Mission   1.1 Yale College   1.2 Amherst College  2 Seminaries of Choice for Men of the Zulu Mission   2.1 East Windsor Seminary in Connecticut   2.2 Union Seminary in New York  3 Missionary Women in a Patriarchal World   3.1 Mount Holyoke and Mary Lyon   3.2 Mary Lyon’s Legacy 4 The Peoples of Pre-Colonial Natal and the First American Missions in South Africa  1 Conflicting Pre-colonial Paradigms  2 The American Mission to Mzilikazi and His People  3 The American Mission to Dingane and His People 5 The American Zulu Mission Enterprise under British Colonial Rule  1 Prospects for a Zulu Ministry in the 1840s and 1850s   1.1 American Missionary Views in Early Debates over Land and Labor  2 Segregating Africans in Government-Controlled Reservations   2.1 Mission Glebes and Reserves   2.2 American Administration of Its Mission Reserves  3 The Mission Reserves and the Shepstone System 6 Daily Life on American Mission Stations and Outstations  1 The Christian Home inside Mission Stations  2 The Christian Home outside the Mission Stations  3 American Mission Attitudes towards White Settlers  4 Missionary Relationships with Zulu Congregants in Colonial Natal before the 1880s   4.1 Negative Missionary Images: Race-based Linguistics   4.2 Negative Missionary Images: More Failed Ministries   4.3 Positive Missionary Images 7 Charting a Ministry for Mission and Church  1 African Commercial Farming in the Glebes and Mission Reserves   1.1 Mission-Sponsored Cash Crops   1.2 African Sugar Cultivators  2 Changing Circumstances and Altered Mission Policies   2.1 Protecting Missionary Women outside the Christian Home  3 An Independent Women’s Ministry among the Amabhinca   3.1 Teachers and Evangelizers  4 An Independent Women’s Ministry among Amabhinca Girls in Boarding Schools   4.1 Umzumbe Home for “Kraal” Girls   4.2 Ireland Home for “Kraal” Girls  5 Men and Ministry inside and outside the Mission Stations  6 The Campaign against Traditional African Cultural Practices   6.1 Gender Relations in Patriarchal Zulu Society   6.2 Polygamy and Lobola   6.3 Temperance  7 The First Ordinations of Zulu Pastors   7.1 Reaction and Resistance Epilogue Index

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Book SynopsisFew churches today can trace their lineage as far back as the Copts. Their ancient traditions and rituals go back as far as the very beginnings of Christianity. For centuries, they have withstood many trials and martyrdoms. But in the twentieth century, many Copts left their homeland and scattered all over the Earth, seeking prosperity and security. Many went to the West, but many others went to the heart of the Islamic world: the Arabian Gulf. They took their faith with them into this new and challenging environment. In this context, hybrid forms of spirituality emerged, anchored in the ancient practices but sharpened by contact with globalisation. This migrant spirituality characterises their stories and touches the heart of what it means to be a Christian sojourner today.Table of ContentsList of Figures Glossary of Arabic and Coptic Terms Introduction  1 Martyrs, Monks, and Migrants 1 Studying the Copts  1 General History and Contemporary Background  2 Twentieth-Century and Contemporary Developments  3 Revival Leaders and Luminaries  4 Historical Conclusions  5 Studying the Copts  6 Coptic Theological Sources  7 Conclusion 2 The Tools of Practical Theology  1 Pneumatic Kenosis: a Practical Theological Account of Spirit Experience  2 Theory Construction: Bridging the Sociological and Theological  3 Conclusion 3 Lifeworld  1 The Copts in Kuwait  2 Diasporic Copts in a Stratified Society  3 Maintaining Stratification: the Kafala System  4 The ‘Islamic’ Context: Neo-Dhimmitude  5 Other Material and Time Constituents of the Lifeworld  6 Sunday School and Religious Art  7 Conclusion 4 The Case Study and the Pneumatic Pieties  1 Case Study Design: Process and Demographics  2 A Shared Psychology of Spirituality: ASA s and Flow  3 The Pneumatic Pieties: the Eucharistic Liturgy, Prayer, Fasting, Experiences of the Charismata, and the Quest for Baraka  4 Conclusion 5 The Kuwait-Coptic Eucharistic Liturgy as an Interaction Ritual  1 Conclusion 6 Prayer and the Diamond Model of Theosis: towards a Practical Theological Theory  1 Setting the Stage: Hybrid Spiritualities in Tension  2 The Diamond Model of Theosis (DMT)  3 Participative Prayer Unto Theosis  4 Conclusion 7 Pneumatic Piety on a Mission: a Comparative Conversation with Pentecostalism  1 A Comparative Account  2 Challenges to Pentecostal-Coptic Dialogue  3 Progress and Parallels 8 Conclusion  1 Modernity and Neo-Dhimmitude: Continuing Challenges to St Mark’s  2 Possibilities for Future Research  3 Personal Reflections Bibliography Index List of Figures Glossary of Arabic and Coptic Terms Introduction  1 Martyrs, Monks, and Migrants 1 Studying the Copts  1 General History and Contemporary Background  2 Twentieth-Century and Contemporary Developments  3 Revival Leaders and Luminaries  4 Historical Conclusions  5 Studying the Copts  6 Coptic Theological Sources  7 Conclusion 2 The Tools of Practical Theology  1 Pneumatic Kenosis: a Practical Theological Account of Spirit Experience  2 Theory Construction: Bridging the Sociological and Theological  3 Conclusion 3 Lifeworld  1 The Copts in Kuwait  2 Diasporic Copts in a Stratified Society  3 Maintaining Stratification: the Kafala System  4 The ‘Islamic’ Context: Neo-Dhimmitude  5 Other Material and Time Constituents of the Lifeworld  6 Sunday School and Religious Art  7 Conclusion 4 The Case Study and the Pneumatic Pieties  1 Case Study Design: Process and Demographics  2 A Shared Psychology of Spirituality: ASA s and Flow  3 The Pneumatic Pieties: the Eucharistic Liturgy, Prayer, Fasting, Experiences of the Charismata, and the Quest for Baraka  4 Conclusion 5 The Kuwait-Coptic Eucharistic Liturgy as an Interaction Ritual  1 Conclusion 6 Prayer and the Diamond Model of Theosis: towards a Practical Theological Theory  1 Setting the Stage: Hybrid Spiritualities in Tension  2 The Diamond Model of Theosis (DMT)  3 Participative Prayer Unto Theosis  4 Conclusion 7 Pneumatic Piety on a Mission: a Comparative Conversation with Pentecostalism  1 A Comparative Account  2 Challenges to Pentecostal-Coptic Dialogue  3 Progress and Parallels 8 Conclusion  1 Modernity and Neo-Dhimmitude: Continuing Challenges to St Mark’s  2 Possibilities for Future Research  3 Personal Reflections Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHow did Asia come to be represented on European World maps? When and how did Asian Countries adopt a continental system for understanding the world? How did countries with disparate mapping traditions come to share a basic understanding and vision of the globe? This series of essays organized into sections on Jesuit Circuits of Communication and Publication; Jesuit World Maps in Chinese; Reverberations of Matteo Ricci's Maps in East Asia; and Reflections on the Curation of Cartographic Knowledge, go a long way toward answering these questions about the shaping of our modern understandings of the world.Table of ContentsForeword: Maps, Missionaries, and the Global Exchange of Knowledge in the Early Modern World  M. Antoni J. Ucerler, S.J. Preface and Acknowledgements  Laura Hostetler List of Illustrations Abbreviations Notes on Contributors Introduction: Reflections on Form and Content  Laura Hostetler Part 1: Jesuit Circuits of Communication and Publication 1 Jesuit Contributions to Global Connectivity and Global Consciousness in the Early Modern Era  José Casanova 2 From Manuscript to Print: At the Origins of Early Jesuit Missionary Strategies of Communication  Robert Danieluk, S.J. 3 Dutch Publications on the Jesuit Mission in China in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries  Paul Begheyn, S.J. Part 2: Jesuit World Maps in Chinese, from Ricci to Verbiest 4 Parallels, Engagement, and Integration: The Ricci Maps and Their Afterlives in Ming-Qing China as a Case Study of Intertwined Global Early Modernity  Qiong Zhang 5 The Introduction of Ricci’s World Maps into Edo Period Japan: A Detailed Comparative Investigation of Maps  AOYAMA Hiro’o 6 Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam: Jesuit Mapping in China by Giulio Aleni, Francesco Sambiasi, Niccolò Longobardi, Manuel Diaz, and Others  Paola Demattè 7 The World Revealed: Science, Mythology, and the Natural World in Ferdinand Verbiest’s Kunyu Quantu 坤輿全圖 (1674)  Mark Stephen Mir Part 3: Reverberations of Ricci’s Maps in East Asia 8 Representing an Ideal World Order of the Past: The Cultural Function of the Jesuit World Maps in Eighteenth-Century Korean Government  LIM Jongtae 9 Entering Asia: The Repositioning of Japan  Kären Wigen 10 China’s Nine-Dash Line: Cartographic Science and the Adoption of New Map Languages in the Transition from Empire to Nation State  Laura Hostetler Postlude: Reflections on the Curation of Cartographic Knowledge 11 Writing Technologies and Special Collections: Agents and Arbiters of Change through the Transmission of Knowledge  Marguerite Ragnow 12 East Asian Map Collections in the Library of Congress: A Unique Source for the Study of Cartography and East–West Cultural Exchange  Ralph E. Ehrenberg Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection of articles on Asia and Africa uses the extensive archives that exist on medical missions to both enrich and challenge existing histories of the clinic in colonial territories – whether of the dispensary, the hospital, the maternity home or leprosy asylum. Some of the major themes addressed within include the attitude of different Christian denominations towards medical mission work, their differing theories and practices, how the missionaries were drawn into contentious local politics, and their attitude towards supernatural cures.Trade Review"The articles here are of a consistently high standard, and form a stimulating and rewarding collection Healing bodies, saving souls is a welcome contribution that demonstrates the many fresh insights that can be gained from the proper use and analysis of missionary sources. It will be of considerable value to students, specialists, and generalists alike, and it provides a firm basis for future work…" – in: Medical History 51/4 (2007), pp. 547-551 "[E]specially valuable to scholars of the specific regions discussed, yet also to students and anyone seeking an indication of the breadth of missionary medicine’s influence in the 19th and 20th centuries… a noteworthy contribution to the field." – in: Wellcome History 37 (Spring 2008)Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements David HARDIMAN: Introduction Michael C. LAZICH: Seeking Souls through the Eyes of the Blind: The Birth of the Medical Missionary Society in Nineteenth-Century China Timothy MAN-KONG WONG: Local Voluntarism: The Medical Mission of the London Missionary Society in Hong Kong, 1842–1923 John R. STANLEY: Professionalising the Rural Medical Mission in Weixian, 1890–1925 David HARDIMAN: Christian Therapy: Medical Missionaries and the Adivasis of Western India, 1880–1930 James H. MILLS: Colonialism, Cannabis and the Christians: Mission Medical Knowledge and the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission of 1893–4 Linda Beer KUMWENDA: African Medical Personnel of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa in Northern Rhodesia Michael JENNINGS: ‘A Matter of Vital Importance’: The Place of the Medical Mission in Maternal and Child Healthcare in Tanganyika, 1919–39 Uoldelul Chelati DIRAR: Curing Bodies to Rescue Souls: Health in Capuchin’s Missionary Strategy in Eritrea, 1894–1935 Shobana SHANKAR: The Social Dimensions of Christian Leprosy Work among Muslims: American Missionaries and Young Patients in Colonial Northern Nigeria, 1920–40 John MANTON: Administering Leprosy Control in Ogoja Province, Nigeria, 1945–67: A Case Study in Government–Mission Relations Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisIndigenous Apostles tells the story of conversion to Catholicism and birth of new ecclesial community with the arrival of Vatican II mission in Santa Maria Magdalenas, a Tzotzil-speaking village in Mexico’s Maya highlands. In the state of Chiapas, the nation’s erratic advance into the global market beginning in the 1970s drove landless young Magdaleneros to search for alternatives to peasant peonage. A few became catechists in the Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Cognitive entailments of newly-acquired biblical literacy warranted the subsequent critique of local Tzotzil tradition – costumbre – through which they reclaimed their ancestral land. This ethnographic account of their dialectical passage from the way of the ancestors to communion with the world Catholic Church demonstrates local constraints on liberation mission strategy and the power of indigenous agency in their own evangelization. It also points to the salience of place and everyday productive practice for native construction of local theology in the context of the new globalization.Trade Review"The author’s considerable gift as a writer and admirable empathy with the subject and the different (and opposing) actors are two notable qualities that make Indigenous Apostles a compelling read. Revealing both the inner workings of Maya society and the research process of a superb mind, this book deserves the widest possible readership." – Jean Meyer, Centre for Research and Teaching in Social Sciences, Mexico CityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Orthographic Note Introduction Contexts and Conversion. Origins of an Ecclesial Cargo Constructing Highland Mission. Proposals and Problematics Position and Place. Church, State, and Mission on the Ground Proclaiming Religion, Reclaiming Land. History, Cognition and Religious Change Working the Word. Constructing a Tzotzil Maya Theology Decolonizing the Saints. From Myth to History Epilogue. Doing What the Apostles Did Bibliography Index of Names

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Book SynopsisA dissection of the premature collapse of the evangelisation of Southern Nigeria, reflecting on the connection between the socioeconomic interest of the West Indians and their construction of race in the Niger Mission.

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