Religious and theocratic ideologies and movements Books

Book SynopsisThe book discusses the ways in which the rabbinical elite of the Israeli West Bank settlers responded to Israeli territorial compromises.Trade Review'Motti Inbari's book is an insightful introduction into Messianic Religious Zionists' (MRZ) evolving worldviews as they relate to political negotiations over land compromises. Inbari is particularly insightful in his discussion of the changes in approach since the Oslo period in the 1990s … [he] effectively synthesizes significant secondary sources with available primary sources to provide a stimulating and much-needed analysis of the changing attitudes of MRZ rabbis and followers toward violent responses to territorial compromises.' H-Judaic'An extremely valuable book that should be read by anyone interested in the role of religious Zionism in Israel.' Politics, Religion and IdeologyTable of Contents1. Zionist perceptions in the thought of Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook and the roots of Gush Emunim; 2. Gush Emunim and the Israeli-Egyptian peace agreement; 3. The statist approach confronted with the Oslo Accords; 4. 'Hearing a baby's cry': political reality and messianic retreat in the thought of Rabbi Yehuda Amital; 5. Post-Zionism in the religious-Zionist camp: the 'Jewish leadership' movement; 6. Fundamentalism in crisis: the response of messianic religious Zionism to the theological dilemmas raised by Israel's disengagement plan; 7. The position of the messianic religious Zionist rabbis to political violence and incitement; 8. The American fundamentalist response to 'land for peace' solutions.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a rare window into the micropolitics of contemporary authoritarian rule through a comparison of religious-state relations in Russia and China - two countries with long histories of religious repression, and even longer experiences with authoritarian politics. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in multiple sites in these countries, this book explores what religious and political authority want from one another, how they negotiate the terms of their relationship, and how cooperative or conflicting their interactions are. This comparison reveals that while tensions exist between the two sides, there is also ample room for mutually beneficial interaction. Religious communities and their authoritarian overseers are cooperating around the core issue of politics - namely, the struggle for money, power and prestige - and becoming unexpected allies in the process.Trade Review'Professor Koesel's book is not only an important primer for understanding the role of religion in autocratic societies and how dictators control the faithful, it also provides us with a new view of the interaction between civil society and authoritarianism. This work deserves to be read as part of the general canon in comparative political science.' Tony Gill, University of Washington, author of The Political Origins of Religious Liberty (Cambridge, 2007)'Based on more than two years of field work in China and Russia, this book offers an illuminating account of one of the most remarkable phenomena of the post-Cold War era: the religious revival sweeping the Communist and post-Communist worlds. Koesel rejects a simplistic portrait of repression and resistance in favour of a complex, multilevel pattern of collaboration and reciprocity between state authorities and religious adherents. Her fascinating findings speak not only to area specialists and social scientists of religion, but to those interested in the comparative study of authoritarianism more broadly.' Elizabeth J. Perry, Henry Rosovsky Professor of Government, Harvard University'This book makes an important contribution to the literature on religious freedom. Based on more than two years of field research on China and Russia, Koesel describes the ways in which leaders of religious institutions often negotiate shared interests with representatives of authoritarian governments, especially at the local level. Her comparative focus and rich theoretical argumentation make this an important book for anyone interested in the civic role of religion.' Donald E., Director, Center for Religion and Civic Culture, University of Southern California'Koesel's comparative analysis is rich and persuasive, demonstrating one can theorize about cooperation beyond a single authoritarian case study. While regime type influences religious actors' likelihood of cooperating with autocrats, it does not determine whether local states cooperate with religious organizations. Koesel's findings also suggest incentives leading to cooperation cut across religions. … Koesel's book is a must read for scholars of comparative authoritarianism, the sociology of religion, and Chinese politics and society.' Marie-Eve Reny, Journal of Chinese Political ScienceTable of Contents1. Introduction: the politics of religion; 2. Religion and state games; 3. Regulating the religious marketplace; 4. The political economy of religious revival; 5. The politics of faith, power, and prestige; 6. Conclusion: cooperation, conflict, and the consequences.

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Book SynopsisThis revisionist account of the history of Islamic political thought from the early to the late medieval period focuses on Ibn Taymiyya, one of the most brilliant theologians of his day. This original study demonstrates how his influence shed new light on the entire trajectory of Islamic political thought. Although he did not reject the Caliphate ideal, as is commonly believed, he nevertheless radically redefined it by turning it into a rational political institution intended to serve the community (umma). Through creative reinterpretation, he deployed the Qur'anic concept of fitra (divinely endowed human nature) to centre the community of believers and its common-sense reading of revelation as the highest epistemic authority. In this way, he subverted the elitism that had become ensconced in classical theological, legal and spiritual doctrines, and tried to revive the ethico-political, rather than strictly legal, dimension of Islam. In reassessing Ibn Taymiyya's work, this book marks Trade Review"Like all others, Islam’s is a storied tradition. And the manner in which one generation receives or understands its storied legacy can engender mutations that seemingly determine the substance and range of possibilities handed down to posterity. At a time when scholars of Islamic law are inviting us to close the book on Islam’s preparedness to meet contemporary political challenges, Ovamir Anjum brilliantly points the way to an alternative reading of the intellectual history that allegedly produced this outcome. And in the course of doing so, his attention to the nexus between law, theology and political thinking point up the inadequacy of approaches that overly isolate them. Against the tendency both to restrict Islam to accepted medieval readings and to separate it from its own storied metacognitions, Anjum reminds us that Islam has never known an authority powerful enough to curtail its perennial attempt to understand and realize its highest calling." -Sherman A. Jackson, King Faisal Chair of Islamic Thought and Culture, University of Southern California, author of Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihâb al-Dîn al-Qarâfî"With bold and penetrating insight, Ovamir Anjum completely reframes our understanding of the great Damascene jurist Ibn Taymiyya’s views on politics and the caliphate. After thoroughly documenting the pessimism permeating classical Islamic theology and political theory, Anjum expounds Ibn Taymiyya’s contrasting epistemological optimism and shows how this grounds a robust vision of the Shari‘a that extends far beyond the traditional domains of the legal scholars and the caliphate to include all the functions of government and the Muslim community as a whole. This remarkably wide-ranging study will spur deeper reflection on the function of political theory in medieval Islam, and it sets the stage for an entirely new evaluation of how modern Muslim political theorists have appropriated Taymiyyan thought." -Jon Hoover, Lecturer in Islamic Studies, The University of Nottingham, author of Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism"Finally: a study capturing the complex intersections of jurisprudence and government in Islam before the early modern centuries. Anjum’s Politics, Law and Community combines originality from departure to conclusion with rootedness in primary sources and mastery of theoretical research tools. An introduction to Islamic political philosophy surpassing available introductions, this work takes none of the assumptions of earlier scholarship for granted. It ushers in a new era in the field, where new studies will be produced with higher expectations in mind." -Ahmad Atif Ahmad, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, the University of California in Santa Barbara, and author of Islam, Modernity, Violence, and Everyday Life and The Fatigue of the Shari'a"This book is a much-needed, intellectually rigorous and very timely revision of the standard literature on Islamic scholars and power. It demonstrates that alongside the familiar legalistic and elitist approach of the medieval tradition, there was also a pragmatic strand of Sunni Islamic thought that envisioned the community of the believers as the ultimate source of political authority. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, this new interpretation of medieval Islamic political thought opens up new ways of imagining the future of Islam in public life." -Yossef Rapoport, Senior Lecturer in History, Queen Mary University of London, and author of Marriage, Money and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society"Boldly renegotiating our understanding of the complex intersections of government, law, and religious sentiment in the pre-modern Muslim world, Ovamir Anjum has produced a remarkable study which shifts attention away from facile dichotomies by resituating the very terms of how best to engage with the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya, a difficult yet critical figure in Islamic legal and intellectual history. In doing so, the implications of this study reach far beyond its overt ambit to embrace wider questions pertaining to how best to understand the ongoing history of such discourse amongst Muslim thinkers from the medieval period to the present. An important book." -Erik S. Ohlander, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne"A real tour-de-force that brings to life the Islamic discursive tradition on politics through an impressive analysis of theological, literary, jurisprudential and epistemological texts of the classical period. Using sophisticated theoretical analyses and by paying close attention to the content and contexts of classical works, Ovamir Anjum offers new insights into the intertextual negotiations that led to the religious scholars’ compromises with political authority. His analysis of Ibn Taymiyya’s works in light of this tradition not only helps us revise our understanding of the master critic’s project, but it also helps us situates the novelty of his vision and proposals within the context of Mamluk society and politics. His work thus challenges traditional portrayals of this period as one of “decline”, and furthers our appreciation of the intellectual vibrancy of this politically chaotic period." -Nahyan Fancy, Assistant Professor, DePauw University, author of Science and Religion in Mamluk Egypt (forthcoming)"Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought is a valuable contribution to the history of Islamic political experience. It approaches this rich history as a tradition of conflicting interpretations and debates that culminates in a fascinating re-examination of Ibn Taymiyya’s creative response to the politics and thought of his turbulent time. In this account Ibn Taymiyya emerges as an original political thinker who restored (and elaborated on) the central role of the community in theories of Islamic governance. This book deserves to be widely read not only by specialists in medieval Islamic history but also by all who are interested in contemporary Islamic thought." -Talal Asad, Professor of Anthropology, CUNY Graduate CenterTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The Classical Legacy: 1. A tale of two visions: Shari'a and Siyasa in early Islam; 2. The political thought of the classical period; 3. Reason and community in the classical period; Part II. The Taymiyyan Intervention: 4. Ibn Taymiyya's world; 5. Defending revelation and liberating reason; 6. Fitra, community, and Islamic politics; 7. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn the midst of intense religious conflict in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century, theological and political concepts converged in remarkable ways. Incited by the slaughter of French Protestants in the Saint Bartholomew''s Day Massacre, Reformed theologians and lawyers began to marshal arguments for political resistance. These theological arguments were grounded in uniquely religious conceptions of the covenant, community, and popular sovereignty. While other works of historical scholarship have focused on the political and legal sources of this strain of early modern resistance literature, The Immortal Commonwealth examines the frequently overlooked theological sources of these writings. It reveals how Reformed thinkers such as Heinrich Bullinger, John Calvin, Theodore Beza, and Johannes Althusius used traditional theological conceptions of covenant and community for surprisingly radical political ends.Trade Review'In The Immortal Commonwealth, David P. Henreckson navigates the oft-inordinately voluminous literature on Calvinist covenant theologies with the requisite dexterity, interpretive savvy and skills, not to mention much-needed patience to plow through these mostly forgotten and putatively esoteric treatises from an era, again, allegedly known for arid and atrophying Protestant scholastic discourses. Henreckson shows how the central theo-political idea of God as the covenanter has contributed to and ushered in the transformations of political theologies that pertain to Self, Society, and Savior in a refreshing way. It is truly worthy of the Augustinian dictum tolle lege!' Paul C. H. Lim, Vanderbilt University, author of Mystery Unveiled: The Crisis of the Trinity in Early Modern England'The Immortal Commonwealth is a sophisticated and powerful history of the impact of reformed Protestant theology on the politics of early modern Europe … The bibliography is a treasure trove of early modern theological and legal thought. This volume is required reading for understanding early modern European theology or politics.' J. J. Butt, Choice'The Immortal Commonwealth is an impressive debut from a fine scholar. It skilfully combines theology, political thought, and social ethics in one volume. Henreckson creates a compelling historical narrative, before concluding with a chapter on contemporary ethical ramifications in relation to political resistance to tyranny. The application of historical ideas is sometimes a fraught exercise. However, the historical work in the volume is of a high standard and the author does not overstep the line in attempting to retrieve the ideas for today. This is an erudite contribution that deserves commendation.' Simon P. Kennedy, Journal of Religious History'Henreckson's work is especially valuable in three ways. First, on a prima facie reading, he has done solid historical and theological spadework in bringing together these largely forgotten figures to establish their significance as a theological tradition existing across Europe offering a coherent theology of covenant and community … Secondly, in his innovative reading of these sources, in which he interrogates them in both theological and political terms, Henreckson demonstrates the intellectual benefits which can be obtained by going beyond the more common disciplionarly narrow readings of medieval and early modern sources … Finally, his work is valuable, not only as an example of historical retrieval and interdisciplionary analysis, but also as constructive theology.' Elisabeth Rain Kincaid, Political Theology'The Immortal Commonwealth is highly recommended, especially for those interested in Reformed political theology and ethics.' Timothy Baylor, Studies in Christian EthicsTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The covenanting God; 2. The law of the covenant; 3. Breaking covenant; 4. The unaccountable sovereign; 5. Consociational politics; 6. Resisting the devil.

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Book SynopsisThis book draws upon theory and theology to consider how religious institutions engage with post-conflict statebuilding and why they would choose to lend their resources to the endeavour. Drawing from the theologies of Roman Catholicism and Sunni Islam, Dragovic explores their possible motivations to engage alongside the international community.Trade Review''As an international civil servant, Denis Dragovic has seen the importance of religion in political life while serving in conflict zones around the world. This fascinating study adds to that lived experience rigour and scholarship, resulting in an insightful comparative study of Catholicism and Islam. Building on the themes of salvation and justice, Dragovic provides new insights into how the deep purpose that underlies religious belief plays a crucial role in politics.'' - Professor Anthony F Lang, Chair in International Political Theory in the School of International Relations at the University of St Andrews and Director of the Centre for Global Constitutionalism ''This book is striking in its appreciation of how religious communities might play a constructive role in rebuilding the state following conflict. It examines Roman Catholic Christian and Sunni Islamic traditions and then focuses in particular on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dragovic is especially impressive in his commitment to understanding religious perspectives from the inside and also in his description of the role of religious institutions on the ground.'' - Professor George Rupp, Columbia University, formerly Dean of the Harvard School of Divinity and President of International Rescue CommitteeTable of ContentsSeries Editor Introduction; John Brewer Author Preface Introduction 1. Religion and Post-Conflict Statebuilding 2. Roman Catholic View of the State 3. Salvation as the Catholic Post-Conflict Statebuilding Imperative 4. Sunni Islam and the State 5. Justice as the Sunni Post-Conflict Statebuilding Imperative 6. Bosnia and Herzegovina Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThough neither king nor priest, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco nevertheless conceptualized his right to sovereignty around a political theology in which national identity resembled a sacred cult. Using Franco’s Spain and la España sagrada as a counterpoint to European secularity’s own development, By the Grace of God is the first sustained analysis within Spanish cultural studies of the sacred as a political category and a tool for political organization.William Viestenz shows how imagining national identity as a sacred absolute within a pluralistic, multicultural state leads to dictatorship, scapegoating, and exceptional violence. Using novels and poetry from the Catalan literary tradition and stalwarts of the Castilian canon, his analysis demonstrates that the sacred is a concept that spills over into key areas of secular political imagination.By the Grace of God offers an original theory of the sacred that challenges Table of ContentsAcknowledegments 1. Introduction: La Espana Sagrada as a Political Category Francoist Spain, Post-Secularism, and a Sacred Politics The Sacred's Slippage into the Profane The Sacred and Metaphysics Spain's 'Time of the Sacred': Literature as a Political Matter Iberian Studies: A Parallax View 2. 'He aqui una plenitud espanola': Catholicism, Cultural Regeneration, and Spanish Essentialism Por Dios hacia el imperio: Spanish First Causes Nineteenth-Century Spain: Cuando la legalidad no basta Spanish Regenerationism: Displacing the Sacred onto the Secular Catholicism as a Social Force: 1936 3. Politics by Other Means: The Sacred Core of Collective Imagining Post-War Stimmung The Scapegoat Mechanism and the Mimetic Reduction of Difference Beyond the Victimary Principle 4. Intimate Strife: Inside Juan Goytisolo's Sovereign Exception Against Sacred Forms Conde Julian's Inclusive Exclusion Human, All Too Human A New Nomos of the Earth? 5. The Eternal Present of Sacred Time 'In illo tempore' Numa's Sacred Wood Killing Time: Ritual Death and the Origins of the Sacred 6. 'Desacralization' and 'Sacrogenesis', or How to Step Outside of Sacred Time Sacred Dialectics Le regard d'autrui: The State's Loving Embrace Rerouting Sacred Time: Tiempo de destruccion 7. Espriu's Sepharad and the Equitable Restoration of Sacred Sovereignty Sacrifice and the Poetic Expulsion of Self The Sacred Bonds of Kinship Death by Way of the Pen: Les hores Espriu's kehre: El caminant i el mur& Final del laberint: Redeeming a Lost Religiousness Rethinking Iberia: A New Temple of Sacred Communion 8. Conclusion: The Aesthetic Disruption of Political Truth Works Cited Index

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Book SynopsisThis book engages critically with the different models and approaches for managing religion adopted in Europe, Asia and Oceania. A truly intercontinental volume, this collection brings together high level scholarship from renowned scholars and rising stars in the fields of political theory, Islamic studies, sociology and law.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on a series of case studies, this collective work sheds light on six national trajectories of Islamism. Contributors look at what has been produced by the representatives of political Islam in each case, and the way these representatives have put their words and their ideological aspirations into action within their foreign policies.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the history of the rise and spread of Salafism during the 20th century as a global Islamic reform movement. It also explains Salafi tools of methodological reasoning: traditionally used to justify highly conservative positions, they now appear equally effective in defending more liberal life choices.

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Book SynopsisIncorporates the lessons learned from the 2011 Arab revolutions into democratic transition theory.

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Book SynopsisBringing together rigorous, original scholarship from over 60 contributors around the globe, this reference volume examines Turkey's evolution from the early days of the Republic to the present time, offering a critical portrait of a vibrant country at crossroads.

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Book SynopsisPatriotic Ayatollahs explores the contributions of senior clerics in state and nation-building after the 2003 Iraq war. Caroleen Sayej suggests that the four so-called Grand Ayatollahs, the highest-ranking clerics of Iraqi Shiism, took on a new and unexpected political role after the fall of Saddam Hussein.Drawing on previously unexamined Arabic-language fatwas, speeches, and communiqués of Iraq's four grand ayatollahs, this book analyzes how their new pronouncements and narratives shaped public debates after 2003. Sayej argues that, contrary to standard narratives about religious actors, the Grand Ayatollahs were among the most progressive voices in the new Iraqi nation. She traces the transformative position of Ayatollah Sistani as the guardian of democracy after 2003. Sistani was, in particular, instrumental in derailing American plans that would have excluded Iraqis from the state-building processa remarkable story in which an octogenarian cleric takes on the UniteTrade ReviewThe author provides a descriptive picture of Shi'ite Islam and superb characterization of the post-2003 political situation in Iraq. This deeply sourced narrative is a comprehensive, comparative political study of the internal political dynamics in Iraq and to a lesser extent the influence from neighboring Iran. This is a clear contribution to an understanding of contemporary politics in Iraq. * Choice *Sayej meticulously chronicles Sistani's influence in [Iraq] and his steady transformation from an unseasoned politician to a figure with a deep understanding of institutions.... Well-researched and persuasively argued. * LSE's Middle East Centre Blog *Caroleen Marji Sayej has provided a timely analysis of the political role of Iraq's Shi'i clerics in post-Ba'thist Iraq... Sayej successfully challenges the oft-invoked binary descriptions of secular versus religious in Middle Eastern politics. * MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL *

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Book SynopsisFrom Paris to San Bernardino, Barcelona to Manchester, home-grown terrorism is among the most urgent challenges confronting Western nations. Attempts to understand jihadism have typically treated it as a form of political violence or religious conflict. However, the closer we get to the actual people involved in radicalization, the more problematic these explanations become. In this fascinating book, Kevin McDonald shows that the term radicalization unifies what are in fact very different experiences. These new violent actors, whether they travelled to Syria or killed at home, range from former drug dealers and gang members to students and professionals, mothers with young children and schoolgirls. This innovative book sets out to explore radicalization not as something done to people but as something produced by active participants, attempting to make sense of themselves and their world. In doing so, McDonald offers powerful portraits of the immersive worlds of social media so fundamental to present-day radicalization. Radicalization offers a bold new way of understanding the contemporary allure of jihad and, in the process, important directions in responding to it.Trade Review"The most important contribution of Kevin McDonald's new book is his illumination of the variety and complexity of individual pathways to so-called jihadism. These pathways do not evince a simple embrace of religious fundamentalism or violent nihilism, or a reaction to Western imperialism, or any kind of indoctrination. And the pathways are not always clearly marked out in advance, but are actively made, at least in part, by the individuals themselves. Anyone who wants to understand how a startlingly wide range of individuals has come to support jihadism should read this book."—Jeff Goodwin, New York University "Professor Kevin McDonald's new book is an incisive interdisciplinary contribution furthering our understanding of radicalization processes through a sociology of experience perspective. Based on extensive field interviews with extremists and social media profiles of foreign terrorist fighters, this book focus on how extremists experience reality and how they respond to it. Anyone who seriously wants to understand violent extremism must read this book. Also policymakers need to pay attention as it has huge policy implications how we approach prevention work and strategies."—Dr Magnus Ranstorp is Quality Manager of the EU Radicalization Awareness Network - Centre of Excellence. He also leads all terrorism and extremism research at the Swedish Defense University "Radicalization offers an accessible, rich account of the lived experience of radicalization. It encourages readers to carefully consider the processes through which some individuals make sense of fear, suffering, hostility, and, at times, the fun in being transgressive by adopting distinctive conceptual frameworks—frameworks that may lead to supporting jihadism and violence."—Social Forces "Radicalization undoubtedly adds an original and important perspective to the current debate on radicalization."—American Journal of Sociology "The essential merit of this book is to break with the paradigm of 'indoctrination of young victims'. This work paves the way for a much more complex approach to radicalization based more on the idea of active transformation of actors displaying a desire for political and moral change."—Revue française de sociologie "[A] fascinating read […] The second chapter is a particularly brilliant piece of digital ethnography[. McDonald's book] undoubtedly adds an original and important perspective to the current debate on radicalization."—American Journal of SociologyTable of Contents1. Rethinking Radicalization 2. Distant Suffering 3. DIY Religion: hidden worlds, from fear to bliss 4. Mediating Violence: filming the self 5. From Drug Dealer to Jihadist 6. The Gamification of Jihad: the cyber-caliphate 7. My Concern is Me 8. Radicalization: experience, embodiment and imagination Bibliography

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Book SynopsisFrom Paris to San Bernardino, Barcelona to Manchester, home-grown terrorism is among the most urgent challenges confronting Western nations. Attempts to understand jihadism have typically treated it as a form of political violence or religious conflict. However, the closer we get to the actual people involved in radicalization, the more problematic these explanations become. In this fascinating book, Kevin McDonald shows that the term radicalization unifies what are in fact very different experiences. These new violent actors, whether they travelled to Syria or killed at home, range from former drug dealers and gang members to students and professionals, mothers with young children and schoolgirls. This innovative book sets out to explore radicalization not as something done to people but as something produced by active participants, attempting to make sense of themselves and their world. In doing so, McDonald offers powerful portraits of the immersive worlds of social media so fundamental to present-day radicalization. Radicalization offers a bold new way of understanding the contemporary allure of jihad and, in the process, important directions in responding to it.Trade Review"The most important contribution of Kevin McDonald's new book is his illumination of the variety and complexity of individual pathways to so-called jihadism. These pathways do not evince a simple embrace of religious fundamentalism or violent nihilism, or a reaction to Western imperialism, or any kind of indoctrination. And the pathways are not always clearly marked out in advance, but are actively made, at least in part, by the individuals themselves. Anyone who wants to understand how a startlingly wide range of individuals has come to support jihadism should read this book."—Jeff Goodwin, New York University "Professor Kevin McDonald's new book is an incisive interdisciplinary contribution furthering our understanding of radicalization processes through a sociology of experience perspective. Based on extensive field interviews with extremists and social media profiles of foreign terrorist fighters, this book focus on how extremists experience reality and how they respond to it. Anyone who seriously wants to understand violent extremism must read this book. Also policymakers need to pay attention as it has huge policy implications how we approach prevention work and strategies."—Dr Magnus Ranstorp is Quality Manager of the EU Radicalization Awareness Network - Centre of Excellence. He also leads all terrorism and extremism research at the Swedish Defense University "Radicalization offers an accessible, rich account of the lived experience of radicalization. It encourages readers to carefully consider the processes through which some individuals make sense of fear, suffering, hostility, and, at times, the fun in being transgressive by adopting distinctive conceptual frameworks—frameworks that may lead to supporting jihadism and violence."—Social Forces "Radicalization undoubtedly adds an original and important perspective to the current debate on radicalization."—American Journal of Sociology "The essential merit of this book is to break with the paradigm of 'indoctrination of young victims'. This work paves the way for a much more complex approach to radicalization based more on the idea of active transformation of actors displaying a desire for political and moral change."—Revue française de sociologie "[A] fascinating read […] The second chapter is a particularly brilliant piece of digital ethnography[. McDonald's book] undoubtedly adds an original and important perspective to the current debate on radicalization."—American Journal of SociologyTable of Contents1. Rethinking Radicalization 2. Distant Suffering 3. DIY Religion: hidden worlds, from fear to bliss 4. Mediating Violence: filming the self 5. From Drug Dealer to Jihadist 6. The Gamification of Jihad: the cyber-caliphate 7. My Concern is Me 8. Radicalization: experience, embodiment and imagination Bibliography

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Book Synopsis‘Islamophobia’ is a term that has existed since the nineteenth century. But in recent decades, argues Pascal Bruckner in his controversial new book, it has become a weapon used to silence criticism of Islam. The term allows those who brandish it in the name of Islam to ‘freeze’ the latter, making reform difficult. Whereas Christianity and Judaism have been rejuvenated over the centuries by external criticism, Islam has been shielded from critical examination and has remained impervious to change. This tendency is exacerbated by the hypocrisy of those Western defenders of Islam who, in the name of the principles of the Enlightenment, seek to muzzle its critics while at the same time demanding the right to chastise and criticize other religions. These developments, argues Bruckner, are counter-productive for Western democracies as they struggle with the twin challenges of immigration and terrorism. The return of religion in those democracies must not be equated with the defence of fanaticism, and the right to religious freedom must go hand in hand with freedom of expression, an openness to criticism, and a rejection of all forms of extremism. There are already more than enough forms of racism; there is no need to imagine more. While all violence directed against Muslims is to be strongly condemned and punished, defining these acts as ‘Islamophobic’ rather than criminal does more to damage Islam and weaken the position of Muslims than to strengthen them.Trade Review‘Wielding his pen like a scalpel, Pascal Bruckner unmasks the pieties and truisms of left-wing cant with the deftness and precision to which his readers have become accustomed. By virtue of his principled refusal to acquiesce to the commonplaces of contemporary cultural conformity, Bruckner has become nothing less than a hero of our time.’Richard Wolin, City University of New York ‘In the worldwide debate over the Islamist movement, nobody has been more incisive than Pascal Bruckner, and nobody has been more influential. He set the terms of the debate many years ago, and he continues to do so. He is a brilliant writer, and An Imaginary Racism is a characteristically brilliant book.’ Paul Berman, author of The Flight of the Intellectuals ‘Provocative and well-argued, An Imaginary Racism reveals how the concept of Islamophobia has been politicized and distorted, and what this says about the West today. An important work for our times.’ Richard J. Golsan, Texas A&M University‘brave and necessary… Bruckner… has long been a crucial voice in the fight against the new false pieties that are abetting reactionary forces within Islam. We need to attend to his warning, and his promise: “It is impossible to escape the challenge of the century now beginning: In collaboration with the enlightened or moderate Muslims who are its main victims, we must defeat the fanaticism of the Islamists.” This is an “immense task,” Bruckner concludes, but nothing is more necessary if we want democracy to survive, let alone thrive, in the 21st century.’The TabletTable of ContentsA Note on the Text Introduction: A Semantic Revolution Part I The Fabrication of a Crime of Opinion 1. The Disappearance of Race, the Proliferation of Racists 2. A Weapon of Mass Intimidation 3. The Miracle of Transubstantiation Part II The Left Suffering from Denial 4. Islamo-Leftism, or the Conjunction of Resentments 5. An Unnatural Marriage 6. The Victim's Guilt, the Murderer's Innocence Part III Are Muslims the Equivalent of Jews? 7. From the Principle of Equivalence to the Principle of Substitution 8. Exterminations Galore 9. The Jew, An Accursed White 10. A Semantic Racket Part IV Are We Guilty of Existing? 11. The Criminalization of Reticence 12. Minorities, Protection or Prison? 13. The Racism of the Anti-Racists 14. Should the West be De-Colonized? Part V What is God's Future? 15. Is the War on Terror a Sham? 16. Resistance or Penitence 17. Western Values are not Negotiable 8. Weary of God 19. The Grandeur and the Tragedy of Tolerance Epilogue: On History as a Warning Notes

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Book Synopsis‘Islamophobia’ is a term that has existed since the nineteenth century. But in recent decades, argues Pascal Bruckner in his controversial new book, it has become a weapon used to silence criticism of Islam. The term allows those who brandish it in the name of Islam to ‘freeze’ the latter, making reform difficult. Whereas Christianity and Judaism have been rejuvenated over the centuries by external criticism, Islam has been shielded from critical examination and has remained impervious to change. This tendency is exacerbated by the hypocrisy of those Western defenders of Islam who, in the name of the principles of the Enlightenment, seek to muzzle its critics while at the same time demanding the right to chastise and criticize other religions. These developments, argues Bruckner, are counter-productive for Western democracies as they struggle with the twin challenges of immigration and terrorism. The return of religion in those democracies must not be equated with the defence of fanaticism, and the right to religious freedom must go hand in hand with freedom of expression, an openness to criticism, and a rejection of all forms of extremism. There are already more than enough forms of racism; there is no need to imagine more. While all violence directed against Muslims is to be strongly condemned and punished, defining these acts as ‘Islamophobic’ rather than criminal does more to damage Islam and weaken the position of Muslims than to strengthen them.Trade Review‘Wielding his pen like a scalpel, Pascal Bruckner unmasks the pieties and truisms of left-wing cant with the deftness and precision to which his readers have become accustomed. By virtue of his principled refusal to acquiesce to the commonplaces of contemporary cultural conformity, Bruckner has become nothing less than a hero of our time.’Richard Wolin, City University of New York‘In the worldwide debate over the Islamist movement, nobody has been more incisive than Pascal Bruckner, and nobody has been more influential. He set the terms of the debate many years ago, and he continues to do so. He is a brilliant writer, and An Imaginary Racism is a characteristically brilliant book.’Paul Berman, author of The Flight of the Intellectuals‘Provocative and well-argued, An Imaginary Racism reveals how the concept of Islamophobia has been politicized and distorted, and what this says about the West today. An important work for our times.’Richard J. Golsan, Texas A&M University‘brave and necessary… Bruckner… has long been a crucial voice in the fight against the new false pieties that are abetting reactionary forces within Islam. We need to attend to his warning, and his promise: “It is impossible to escape the challenge of the century now beginning: In collaboration with the enlightened or moderate Muslims who are its main victims, we must defeat the fanaticism of the Islamists.” This is an “immense task,” Bruckner concludes, but nothing is more necessary if we want democracy to survive, let alone thrive, in the 21st century.’The TabletTable of ContentsA Note on the Text Introduction: A Semantic Revolution Part I The Fabrication of a Crime of Opinion 1. The Disappearance of Race, the Proliferation of Racists 2. A Weapon of Mass Intimidation 3. The Miracle of Transubstantiation Part II The Left Suffering from Denial 4. Islamo-Leftism, or the Conjunction of Resentments 5. An Unnatural Marriage 6. The Victim's Guilt, the Murderer's Innocence Part III Are Muslims the Equivalent of Jews? 7. From the Principle of Equivalence to the Principle of Substitution 8. Exterminations Galore 9. The Jew, An Accursed White 10. A Semantic Racket Part IV Are We Guilty of Existing? 11. The Criminalization of Reticence 12. Minorities, Protection or Prison? 13. The Racism of the Anti-Racists 14. Should the West be De-Colonized? Part V What is God's Future? 15. Is the War on Terror a Sham? 16. Resistance or Penitence 17. Western Values are not Negotiable 8. Weary of God 19. The Grandeur and the Tragedy of Tolerance Epilogue: On History as a Warning Notes

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Book SynopsisAvailable Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence In the wake of populism, Timothy Stacey’s book critically reflects on what is missing from the liberal project with the aim of saving liberalism. It explains that populists have harnessed myth, ritual, magic and tradition to advance their ambitions, and why opponents need to embrace rather than eschew them. Using examples of liberally oriented activists in Vancouver, it presents an accessible theorization of these quasi-religious concepts in secular life. The result is to provide both a new theoretical understanding of why liberalism fails to engage people, and a toolkit for campaigners, policymakers and academics seeking to bridge the gap between liberal aspirations and lived experiences, in order to promote political engagement and to create unity out of division.Table of Contents1. Alternatives on the Horizon 2. What’s Liberalism Got to Do with It? 3. How to Address Liberalism’s Faults 4. A Variety of Liberalism in Vancouver 5. Myths that Might Save Liberalism: Emotional Supplements to Moral Logics 6. Rituals for Radicals 7. Magical Feelings as the Source and Aim of Myths and Rituals 8. Traditions at the End of History 9. The Truth Won’t Save Us

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Book SynopsisJihadist ideology inspires a diverse and decentralized collection of radical groups to fight alleged enemies of Islam and to attempt to "restore" a holy caliphate to unite Muslim people across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. "Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad" provides unique insights into the philosophical foundations, strategic vision, organizational dynamics, and tactics of the modern jihadist movement - with specific attention to its primary driver, Al-Qa'ida. Springer, Regens, and Edger draw heavily on Arabic language sources seldom seen in the West to explain what jihadists want and how radical thinkers have distorted the teachings of Islam to convince followers to pursue terrorism as a religious duty. With sophisticated and systematic analysis, the authors lead their readers on a fascinating intellectual journey through the differing ideas, goals, and vulnerabilities of the jihadist movement as it has evolved over time. The authors also impart wisdom from their own professional experience with terrorism, counterinsurgency, and intelligence to provide scholars, students, counterterrorism professionals, and general readers with this accessible overview of key radical Islamic thinkers and today's jihadists.Trade Review[Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad] has a high level of authority because all the contributors can read Arabic and have gone back to the primary sources. And it consciously eschews a simplistic 'bad guys-axis of evil' vision of what it insists is a diverse, complex and often contradictory collection of groups and philosophies. The Sydney Morning Herald Though different readers may come with different questions, the book offers much for all. It is a useful source for everyone from students to teachers, to scholars and researchers, as well as policy and decision-makers. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management This book is a required read for those involved in counterterrorism, force-protection specialists, Middle East Foreign Area Officers, as well as intelligence officers. ProceedingsTable of ContentsPreface Introduction: The Call to Jihad 1: Philosophical Foundations 2: Strategic Vision 3: Organizational Dynamics 4: Recruitment and Training 5: Operations and Tactics 6: Future Directions 7: The Challenge of Credible Intelligence Conclusion: Forging a Winning Strategy to Counter the Global Jihad Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTariq Ramadan is a global phenomenon. A Swiss-born Muslim activist, he is the grandson of the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, the radical group credited with inspiring modern Islamic radicalism. Ramadan is fluent in English, French and Arabic. In Europe, he is the most quoted and circulated writer on Islam. His writings are a regular feature of major English-speaking newspapers, but his real message is revealed in his speeches to Muslim groups in France, Africa, and the Middle East. Caroline Fourest has carefully transcribed and translated those speeches and shows that Ramdan's ingenious rhetoric is a Trojan horse, fostering the anti-Semitic and anti-Christian values of fundamentalist Islam on its latest battlefield: Western civilization.

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Book SynopsisAndrew C. McCarthy takes readers back to the real beginning of the war on terror--not the atrocities of September 11, but the first bombing of the World Trade Center in February 1993 when radical Islamists effectively declared war on the United States. From his perch as a government prosecutor of the blind sheik and other jihadists responsible for the bombing, Andrew McCarthy takes readers inside the twisted world of Islamic terror.

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Book SynopsisWhile there is a long-standing history of reflection among Catholics about the proper orientation of Catholicism towards American society, today the American Catholic community confronts a fundamentally new situation. Catholics face the dual threat of an ever more centralized and increasingly omnicompetent state and a new cultural ethos fundamentally incompatible with--and hostile to--Catholicism.Today, American Catholics no longer live as a religious minority in a Protestant society whose commitment to limited government and religious freedom affords Catholics considerable space to live out their faith commitments, and whose Christian character assures the existence of substantial moral commonality. Now, Catholics are a religious minority in a post-Christian society animated by an anthropology and public morality incompatible with Catholic truth and committed to the exclusion of the faith from public life.This new situation demands a rethinking on the part of American Catholics of their place in America and their relationship with American society. These essays seek to assist with this challenging task by casting light on this new situation and exploring its implications for the Church in America.

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Book SynopsisSecularism, Race, and the Politics of Islamophobia shows the ways secularism produces and enables racism and normalizes the racial categorization of Muslim.

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Book SynopsisHow safe is Turkey's liberal democracy? The rise to power in 2002 of the right-leaning Islamic Justice and Development Party ignited fears in the West that Turkey could no longer be relied upon to provide a buffer against the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East. Once hailed by the West as a model of secularism and moderation in the Muslim world, Turkey is now seen to be under the influence of the 'creeping Islamisation' of the JDP (or AKP as it is known in Turkey). Yet to what extent has this affected the lives of Turkish citizens? Evangelia Axiarlis here explores the contribution of the JDP to civil liberties and basic freedoms, long suppressed by secular and statist Kemalist ideology, and how this has remained unexamined despite more than a decade in government. In this - the first detailed study of the policies and ideology of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo?an's government - the author examines the extent to which the JDP has worked to improve civil life in Turkey and critically addresses whether a government built on Islamic principles can champion political reform. Exploring how Islam and democracy are neither monoliths nor mutually exclusive, this is a timely contribution to the wider understanding of political Islam.Trade Review"A detailed and thoughtful study of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) in Turkey and the repercussions for Turkish 'secularism' over the decade that it has been in power. Drawing on an impressive variety of sources, this study fills in a gap in the literature by focusing on debates over the meaning of Kemalism and the challenges that the current government poses. Providing a wealth of information on the specific policies of the JDP, such as with regard to constitutional reform, elections, veiling, the Kurdish problem, and relations with Europe, this book illuminates the evolutionary potential of a political movement and the multi-dimensional nature of self-identity." Prof James Piscatori, University of Durham, UK "This book provides a thoughtful and insightful perspective of the tension between the Islamic movement represented by JDP and the secular state in Turkey. It is a timely examination of political Islam and its compatibility with democracy which reflects on sensitive and significant issues in Turkey's policies towards controlling religious institutions and the problematic issues such as the role of military, the Kurdish question, human rights and the ban on using 'scarf' by women in official space. Presenting findings on how both secularism and political Islam can work in favour of progress and development in the Muslim World and offering a unique opportunity for understanding the internal dynamics of Turkish politics, this is an invaluable contribution to the study of political Islam in the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey." - Dr Muhammad Kamal, The University of Melbourne, AustraliaTable of ContentsPreface CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: A CRITIQUE OF TURKISH SECULARISM CHAPTER 3: THE JDP’s CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRACY CHAPTER 4: THE JDP’s EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP BID CHAPTER 5: THE JDP AND THE TURKISH MILITARY CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES

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Book SynopsisThe Catholic Church claims for itself the title of the true Christian Church founded by Jesus by the mandate he gave on various occasions to Peter, the first pope, and the other apostles, who were the first bishops. To them was entrusted the management of the Church in such a way that it would assist disciples, namely you and me, to find God in our lives and be faithful to his commandments. That is the mission of the Church; to assist each person to unity with God.Through his promotion of a synodal Church, Pope Francis has shown that he is willing to hear the Holy Spirit speaking through each member of the Church. Society has undergone great change in recent decades and there is need for reform within the Catholic Church as well. This reform should include changes to those aspects of its teachings and practices that currently restrict the freedom of the Holy Spirit to give life to the Church.

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The Islamic State movement (ISIS/ISIL/IS) burst onto the world stage in 2014. From its heartland in Syria, where it arose from the chaos of the Syrian Revolt, the organisation has expanded in ideology and membership and now poses a significant threat to the region, if not to the wider world. Moubayed, a Beirut-based journalist who has been analysing Syria and the region for 20 years, has unrivalled access to the movement and its participants. His book is the first inside account of an organisation which has dominated the headlines with a dangerous mix of barbarity and military prowess. In looking at the historical background of ISIS: where it came from, how it evolved, where it stands today and what its aims are for the future to reveal, it will provide, for the first time, a fully-fledged picture of what lies at the heart of the Islamic State.

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Book SynopsisHow can Islam be understood in the context of internal struggles for unity and identity, a rise in anti-Muslim hate crime and continued media portrayals of violence, extremism, warfare and oppression? Looking at Islam as a faith, a whole system with political dimensions and through the lens of Western media, this book sets out to clarify the nature of true Islam and the true nature of Islam.With diverse contributions from Muslims, Christians and individuals with no religious affiliations, this collection of essays respond to the King of Jordan's Amman Message - an initiative seeking to clarify Islam as a religion of peace - in light of recent international events such as the Charlie Hebdo controversy. Presenting fresh perspectives on a frequently misrepresented religion, this book offers a platform for debate about Islam's place within Western culture and political systems, and the role that faith communities can play in seeking peace and reconciliation.Trade ReviewThe book is coming at the right time with a powerful message of hope. By featuring for the first time ever in Europe the richness and the depth of the Amman Message, it gives to everyone - policy makers, media, the public - the tools for a new understanding about Islam and the Muslim World and their true nature. An inspiring call for dialogue, respect and peace. -- Jean-Christophe Bas, Founder and CEO, The Global CompassWe have never more needed a greater understanding of both Islamic extremism and Western Islamophobia than now. This collection of essays is a real contribution to that understanding. Bridges are more difficult to build than walls, and these essays, in their accessible and reflective tones, aim to make a difference more than a point. Their purpose is to ensure that the gift of diversity is not curdled into the curse of division and they know the path to making this happen can only open up by challenging misconceptions on every side. -- Canon Mark Oakley, Chancellor, St Paul’s CathedralIn a world in which ISIS and other terrorists are a global threat and Islamophobia has grown exponentially, Muslim Identity in a Turbulent Age will be welcomed by policymakers and the general public alike. This timely volume discusses and demonstrates the importance of The Amman Message, a major statement by hundreds of major global Muslim leaders and scholars written as a refutation and delegitimation of violent extremism and terrorism in the name of Islam. -- John L. Esposito, University Professor of Religion & International Affairs and author of The Future of IslamHardy, Mughal, and Markiewicz believe the core Islamic identity to be in flux. Muslims search for identity amid an internal struggle for unity in the Muslim world, increases in anti-Muslim hate crimes outside the Muslim world, and continued media portrayals of violence, tyranny, and extremism; the authors observe that it can be difficult for today's Muslim, or non-Muslim, to truly comprehend what Islam is. This book takes up the Amman Message, a statement issued by the king of Jordan in 2004 that calls for tolerance and unity among Muslims, and offers a variety of perspectives from Muslims, Christians, and others about the place of Islam in Western culture and the role that communities of faith can play in pursuing peace. The collection includes a truly diverse array of voices and, consequently, the various contributions vary in quality and impact. However, the work as a whole is a valuable starting point for education, dialogue, and efforts at reconciliation. As Muslims battle over what 'true Islam' is and is not, and anti-Muslim sentiment in the West rises in both frequency and intensity, this book could not be timelier. This accessible, on point, and very useful collection will serve peacemakers at various levels and respects their varying points of view. (Jan.) -- Publishers WeeklyTable of ContentsAcknowledgements. Foreword by HRH Charles, Prince of Wales. Foreword by HRH Prince Hussein bin Abdullah. Timeline. Introduction. 1. The History of the Amman Message and the Promotion of the Amman Message Project. Sarah Markiewicz, Research and Teaching Associate, Department of Religious Studies and Intercultural Theology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. 2. Taking the Amman Message to European Audiences: A Message for Muslims and Non-Muslims Alike. Mike Hardy, CMG OBE FRSA, Founding and Executive Director, Centre for Trust Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, UK. 3. Islam in Europe and the Amman Message: Overview Challenges and Potentials. Rebecca Catto. Assistant Professor of Sociology, Kent State University, Ohio, USA. 4. Islam in the United Kingdom and the Impact of the Amman Message. Fiyaz Mughal, OBE FCMI, Founder and Director, Faith Matters, UK. 5. Young British Muslims: Online Extremism and the Message of Islam. Imran Awan, Associate Professor in Criminology, Birmingham City University, UK. 6. The Amman Message: An Early Confrontation with Extremist Islamic Movements. Jamal Al-Shalabi. Professor of Political Science, Department of International Relations and Strategic Studies, Hashemite University of Jordan, Jordan, 7. The Amman Message: A Counter Narrative to Islamic Fundamentalism. Moh'd Khair Eiedat, Professor for Political Science, Al-Hussain Bin Abdullah II Faculty for International Studies and Political Science, and Director of the Al-Farabi Centre for Culture, Ethics and Politics, University of Jordan, Jordan. 8. The Amman Message as an Invitation to Interfaith Dialogue: A Christian Response. Christine Seeberg, Research and Teaching Associate, Department of Systematic Theology and Dogmatics, Theological Faculty, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. 9. Charlie Hebdo and the Amman Message: A Counter Narrative to Violent Fundamentalism? Steve Rose, Freelance Writer and Journalist, UK. & Faith Matters. 10. The Amman Message 'Other': Repositioning Identity Politics for Dialogue and Justice. Kristin Shamas, Hamra Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of History, University of Oklahoma, USA. 11. Looking Forward: An Impossible Road? Mike Hardy, Fiyaz Mughal and Sarah Markiewicz. Appendix I: The Amman Message (2004). Appendix II: The Three Points of the Amman Message (2005) [Official Version]. Further Reading. The Contributors.

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Book SynopsisRaising awareness of what Islam is, as well as deepening understanding about the lived realities of Muslim people, this book explores the contemporary Muslim experience through first-hand interviews with over a hundred Muslims.Exploring key issues such as women and Islam, extremism and radicalisation, Sharia Law, homosexuality and Islamophobia, the book looks deep into what it means to be Muslim today. The 'voices' of Muslims are showcased throughout the book to highlight the diversity and evolution of Islam, and to show its inherent complexities and contradictions. This is an easy and accessible introduction to Islam combined with discussion surrounding several contentious issues associated with the religion.Trade ReviewThis is an excellent resource to get a personal perspective of what Islam means to Muslims in a practical day to day sense. It also challenges stereotypes about Muslims to get an accurate picture of how Muslims live their lives within a liberal and democratic society. If you want to know about the pluralism within Muslim communities, this book will certainly help. -- Fiyaz Mughal – OBE, Director of Faith MattersHow do Asians in Britain feel about life and their religion? Declan Henry has fluently revealed their wide ranging views with great competence and skill. This is an intriguing perspective seen through the eyes of an emergent and important section of our community. Definitely a work of lasting value. -- Paigham Mustafa, Author, The Quran, God's Message To MankindVoices of Modern Islam offers an insight into the often little-known or misrepresented fundamentals of the faith and the diversity of contemporary UK Muslim opinion: the good, the bad and the ugly. Demonstrating that Muslims are not a single homogeneous uncritical mass, it debunks many stereotypes, while confirming others. Be prepared to have some of your assumptions about Islam challenged. -- Peter Tatchell, human rights campaigner, Director of the Peter Tatchell FoundationDeclan Henry has spent extensive time and effort collecting vast and accurate information about Islam and the diversity of its followers. I believe this book is a valuable resource not only for use by Muslims across the UK and further afield, but also for secondary schools, and those researching Islam and its religious and socio-cultural realities in an academic context. -- Dr. Sheikh Ramzy, Imam, Islamic scholar and Director of Oxford Islamic Information CentreTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Foreword; Introduction; 1. Being Muslim; 2. The Prophet and Islam: A Brief History; 3. The Essence of Islam; 4. Women and Islam; 5. Sex, Arranged Marriages and Sexuality; 6. Sharia Law; 7. Converts; 8. Extremism and Radicalisation; 9. Islamophobia; 10. Other Thoughts and Opinions; References and Further Reading; Index

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